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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 3065

Last change on this file since 3065 was 3065, checked in by Giersch, 6 years ago
New vertical stretching procedure has been introduced
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 120.3 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch $
28	! dz was replaced by dz(1), error message concerning grid stretching has been
29	! introduced
30	!
31	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
32	! Error messages revised
33	!
34	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z Giersch
35	! renamed wind_turbine_par to wind_turbine_parameters
36	!
37	! 2894 2018-03-15 09:17:58Z Giersch
38	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was
39	! found, reading of restart strings has been moved completely to
40	! read_restart_data_mod, wind_turbine_prerun flag has been removed, redundant
41	! skipping function has been removed, wtm_read/write_restart_data have been
42	! renamed to wtm_r/wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global is called in
43	! read_restart_data_mod now, marker * end wtm * was removed, strings and
44	! their respective lengths are written out and read now in case of restart
45	! runs to get rid of prescribed character lengths, CASE DEFAULT was added if
46	! restart data is read
47	!
48	! 2885 2018-03-14 11:02:46Z Giersch
49	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
50	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
51	! turbine model
52	!
53	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
54	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
55	! case of restart runs
56	!
57	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
58	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
59	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
60	!
61	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
62	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
63	!
64	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
65	! Change in file header (GPL part)
66	!
67	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
68	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
69	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
70	!
71	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
72	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_global to skip module
73	! parameters during reading restart data
74	!
75	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
76	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
77	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
78	! defined
79	!
80	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
81	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
82	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
83	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
84	!
85	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
86	! Revise error message PA0462
87	!
88	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
89	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
90	!
91	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
92	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
93	!
94	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
95	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
96	!
97	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
98	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
99	!
100	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
101	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
102	!
103	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
104	!
105	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
106	! Adjustments to new topography concept
107	!
108	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
109	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
110	! Addition of a tip loss model
111	!
112	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
113	! Bugfix of pitch control
114	!
115	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
116	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
117	!
118	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
119	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
120	!
121	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
122	! Initial revision
123	!
124	!
125	! Description:
126	! ------------
127	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
128	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
129	!> (ADM-R).
130	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
131	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
132	!> yaw.
133	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
134	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
135	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
136	!> automatically).
137	!>
138	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
139	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
140	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
141	!> @todo Generate header information
142	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
143	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
144	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
145	!> @todo Include additional output variables
146	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
147	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
148	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
149	!
150	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
151	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
152
153	USE arrays_3d, &
154	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
155
156	USE constants, &
157	ONLY: pi
158
159	USE control_parameters, &
160	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
161	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
162
163	USE cpulog, &
164	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
165
166	USE grid_variables, &
167	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
168
169	USE indices, &
170	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
171	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
172
173	USE kinds
174
175	USE pegrid
176
177
178	IMPLICIT NONE
179
180	PRIVATE
181
182	!
183	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
184
185	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
186	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
187
188	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
189	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
190	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
191	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
192
193	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
194	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
195	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
196	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
197	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
198	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
199
200	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
201	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
202	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
203	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
204	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
205	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
206	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
207	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
208	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
209	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
210	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
211
212	!
213	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
214	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
215
216	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
217	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
218	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
219	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
220	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
221	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
222	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
223	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
224	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
225	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
226	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
227	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
228	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
229	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
230
231
232	!
233	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
234
235	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
236	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
237	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
238
239	!
240	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
241	TYPE file_status
242	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
243	END TYPE file_status
244
245	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
246	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
247
248	!
249	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
250
251	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
252	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
253	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
254	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
255	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
256	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
257
258	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
259
260	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
261	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
262	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
263	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
264	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
265	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
266	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
267	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
268
269	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
270
271	!
272	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
273	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
274	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
275	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
276	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
277	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
278	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
279	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
280
281	!
282	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
285	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
287
288	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
289	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
290
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
293
294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
296
297	!
298	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
299
300	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
301	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
302	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
303	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
304	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
305	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
306	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
307	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
308	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
309	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
310	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
311	!
312	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
313	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
314	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
315	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
316	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
317
318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
327
328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
330
331	!
332	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
339
340	!
341	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
345
346	!
347	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
351
352	!
353	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
357
358	!
359	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
363	!
364	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
366
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
376
377	!
378	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
379
380	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
381
382	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
383	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
384	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
385	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
386	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
387	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
388	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
389	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
390
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
392
393	!
394	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
395
396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
406	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
407	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
408	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
409
410	!
411	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
412	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
413	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
414	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
415	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
417	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
418	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
419
420
421	SAVE
422
423
424	INTERFACE wtm_parin
425	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
426	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
427
428	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
429	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
430	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
431
432	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
433	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
434	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
435
436	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
437	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
438	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
439
440	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
441	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
442	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
443
444	INTERFACE wtm_init
445	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
446	END INTERFACE wtm_init
447
448	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
449	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
450	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
451
452	INTERFACE wtm_forces
453	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
454	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
455
456	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
457	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
458	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
459
460	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
461	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
462	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
463
464	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
465	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
466	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
467	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
468
469	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
470	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
471	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
472	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
473
474
475	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
476	wtm_parin, wtm_wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global, wtm_tendencies
477
478
479	CONTAINS
480
481
482	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
483	! Description:
484	! ------------
485	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
486	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
487	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
488
489
490	IMPLICIT NONE
491
492	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
493
494	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
495
496	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
497	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
498	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
499	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
500	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
501	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
502	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
503	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
504	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
505	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
506
507	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
508	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
509	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
510	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
511	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
512	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
513	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
514	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
515	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
516	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
517	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
518	!
519	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
520	REWIND ( 11 )
521	line = ' '
522	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
523	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
524	ENDDO
525	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
526
527	!
528	!-- Read user-defined namelist
529	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, IOSTAT=ierrn )
530
531	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
532	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_parameters-NAMELIST found: ' // &
533	'End of file has reached'
534	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
535	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
536	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_parameters-NAMELIST: ' // &
537	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
538	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
539	ENDIF
540
541	!
542	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
543	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
544
545	GOTO 12
546
547	!
548	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
549	10 REWIND ( 11 )
550	line = ' '
551	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
552	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
553	ENDDO
554	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
555
556	!
557	!-- Read user-defined namelist
558	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
559
560	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
561	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
562	'End of file has reached'
563	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
564	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
565	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
566	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
567	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
568	ENDIF
569
570	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
571	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
572	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
573	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
574
575	!
576	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
577	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
578
579	12 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
580
581
582	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
583
584
585	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
586	! Description:
587	! ------------
588	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
589	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
590	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
591
592
593	IMPLICIT NONE
594
595
596	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
597	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
598
599	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
600	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
601
602	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
603	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
604
605	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
606	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
607
608	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
609	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
610
611	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
612	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
613
614	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
615	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
616
617	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
618	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
619
620	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
621	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
622
623	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
624	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
625
626
627	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
628
629
630	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
631	! Description:
632	! ------------
633	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
634	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
635	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
636
637
638	USE control_parameters, &
639	ONLY: length, restart_string
640
641
642	IMPLICIT NONE
643
644	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
645
646
647	found = .TRUE.
648
649
650	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
651
652	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
653	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
654	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
655	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
656	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
657	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
658	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
659	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
660	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
661	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
662	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
663	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
664	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
665	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
666	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
667	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
668	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
669	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
670	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
671	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
672
673	CASE DEFAULT
674
675	found = .FALSE.
676
677	END SELECT
678
679
680	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
681
682
683	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
684	! Description:
685	! ------------
686	!> Check namelist parameter
687	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
688	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
689
690
691	IMPLICIT NONE
692
693	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
694	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
695	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
696	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
697	ENDIF
698
699	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
700	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
701	'a value equal or larger than zero'
702	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
703	ENDIF
704
705
706	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
707	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
708	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
709
710	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
711	'have to be given for each turbine.'
712	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
713
714	ENDIF
715
716
717	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
718
719
720	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
721	! Description:
722	! ------------
723	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
724	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
725	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
726
727
728	IMPLICIT NONE
729
730	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
731	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
732
733	!
734	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
735	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
736
737	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
738	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
739
740	nrings(:) = 0
741	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
742
743	!
744	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
745	delta_r_factor = segment_width
746	delta_t_factor = segment_length
747	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
748
749	DO inot = 1, nturbines
750	!
751	!-- Determine number of rings:
752	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
753
754	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
755
756	ENDDO
757
758	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
759
760	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
761	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
762
763	nsegs(:,:) = 0
764	nsegs_total(:) = 0
765
766
767	DO inot = 1, nturbines
768	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
769	!
770	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
771	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
772	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
773	delta_t_factor ) )
774	ENDDO
775	!
776	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
777	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
778
779	ENDDO
780
781	!
782	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
783	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
784
785	!!
786	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
787	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
788	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
789	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
790	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
791	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
792	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
793	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
794	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
795	! ENDIF
796
797
798	!
799	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
800	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
801	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
802	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
803	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
804	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
805	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
806	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
807	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
808
809	!
810	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
811	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
812	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
813	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
814	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
815	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
816	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
817
818	!
819	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
820	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
821	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
822	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
823	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
824	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
825	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
826	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
827	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
828	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
829	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
830
831	!
832	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
833	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
834	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
835	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
836	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
837	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
838	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
839
840	!
841	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
842	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
843	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
844	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
845
846	!
847	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
848	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
849	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
850	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
851	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
852	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
853	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
854	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
855	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
856
857	!
858	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
859	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
860	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
861	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
862	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
863	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
864	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
865
866	!
867	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
868	i_hub(:) = 0
869	i_smear(:) = 0
870	j_hub(:) = 0
871	j_smear(:) = 0
872	k_hub(:) = 0
873	k_smear(:) = 0
874
875	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
876	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
877
878	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
879	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
880	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
881	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
882	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
883	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
884	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
885	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
886	ENDIF
887
888	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
889	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
890	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
891
892	!
893	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
894	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
895	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
896	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
897	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
898	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
899	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
900	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
901	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
902	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
903	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
904
905	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
906	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
907	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
908	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
909	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
910	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
911
912	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
913	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
914	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
915
916	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
917	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
918	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
919	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
920	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
921	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
922	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
923	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
924
925	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
926	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
927	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
928	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
929	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
930	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
931
932
933	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
934
935
936	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
937	! Description:
938	! ------------
939	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
940	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
941	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
942
943
944	USE control_parameters, &
945	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
946
947	IMPLICIT NONE
948
949	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
950	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
951	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
952
953	!
954	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
955	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
956
957	!
958	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
959	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
960	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
961	!
962	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
963	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
964	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
965
966	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
967	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
968	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
969
970	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
971
972	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
973	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
974	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
975	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
976
977	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
978	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
979	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
980	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
981
982	!
983	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
984	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
985	!-- (smearing of the forces)
986	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
987	!
988	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
989	!-- be calculated:
990
991	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
992	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
993	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
994	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
995	!
996	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
997	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
998	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
999	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1000	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1001	!
1002	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1003	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1004	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1005	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1006	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz) + MAXVAL(rr) + &
1007	eps_min) THEN
1008	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1009	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1010	'greater than ', MAXVAL(rcz) + &
1011	MAXVAL(rr) + eps_min
1012	CALL message( 'init_grid', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1013	ENDIF
1014	!
1015	!-- Square of eps_min:
1016	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1017	!
1018	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1019	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1020	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1021	!
1022	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1023	!-- function:
1024	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1025
1026	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1027	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
1028
1029	!
1030	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1031	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1032	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1033	ENDIF
1034
1035
1036	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1037	!
1038	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1039	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1040
1041	!
1042	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1043	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1044	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1045	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1046
1047	!
1048	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1049	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1050	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1051	!-- function of eps_min:
1052	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1053	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1054	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1055
1056	ENDDO
1057
1058	!
1059	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1060	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1061	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1062
1063	CALL wtm_speed_control
1064
1065	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1066
1067	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1068
1069	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1070	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1071	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1072	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1073	ENDIF
1074
1075	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1076	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1077	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1078	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1079	ENDIF
1080
1081	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1082	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1083	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1084	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1085	ENDIF
1086
1087	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1088	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1089	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1090	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1091	ENDIF
1092
1093	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1094	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1095
1096	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1097
1098	ENDIF
1099	ENDIF
1100
1101	END DO
1102
1103	ENDIF
1104
1105	ENDIF
1106
1107	!
1108	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1109	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1110	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1111	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1112	!
1113	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1114	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1115
1116	!
1117	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1118	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1119	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1120
1121	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1122
1123	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1124
1125
1126	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1127	!
1128	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1129	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1130	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1131	i = i_hub(inot)
1132
1133	!
1134	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1135	!-- grid point indices):
1136	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1137	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1138	!
1139	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1140	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1141	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1142	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1143	!-- in grid box 1.
1144	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1145	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1146
1147	!
1148	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1149	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1150	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1151	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1152
1153	!
1154	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1155	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1156	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1157
1158	DO j = nys, nyn
1159	!
1160	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1161	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1162
1163	DO k = nzb, nzt
1164
1165	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1166	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1167	!
1168	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1169	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1170	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1171	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1172	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1173	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1174	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1175	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1176	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1177	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1178	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1179	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1180	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1181	!
1182	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1183	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1184	ELSE
1185	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1186	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1187	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1188	ENDIF
1189	!
1190	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1191	ELSE
1192	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1193	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1194	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1195	ENDIF
1196	!
1197	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1198	!-- are carried out:
1199	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1200
1201	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1202	!
1203	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1204	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1205	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1206	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1207	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1208	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1209	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1210	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1211	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1212	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1213	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1214	!
1215	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1216	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1217	ELSE
1218	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1219	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1220	ENDIF
1221	!
1222	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1223	ELSE
1224	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1225	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1226	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1227
1228	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1229
1230	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1231
1232	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1233
1234	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1235
1236	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1237
1238
1239	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1240
1241	!
1242	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1243	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1244	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1245	!!
1246	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1247	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1248	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1249	!
1250	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1251	!
1252	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1253	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1254	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1255	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1256	!!
1257	!!-- bottom intersection point
1258	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1259	!!
1260	!!-- top intersection point
1261	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1262	! ELSE
1263	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1264	! ENDIF
1265	! ENDDO
1266	!
1267	!
1268	! DO j = nys, nyn
1269	!!
1270	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1271	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1272	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1273	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1274	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1275	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1276	!!
1277	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1278	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1279	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1280	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1281	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1282	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1283	!!
1284	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1285	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1286	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1287	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1288	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1289	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1290	! dz_int = dz
1291	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1292	!!
1293	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1294	!!-- within the current grid box:
1295	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1296	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1297	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1298	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1299	! ENDIF
1300	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1301	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1302	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1303	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1304	! ENDIF
1305	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1306	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1307	! ENDIF
1308	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1309	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1310	! ENDIF
1311	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1312	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1313	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1314	! ENDIF
1315	! ENDDO
1316	! ENDIF
1317	! ENDDO
1318	! ENDIF
1319	!
1320	! ENDDO
1321	!
1322	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1323
1324	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1325
1326	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1327	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1328
1329	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1330
1331	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1332
1333
1334	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1335	! Description:
1336	! ------------
1337	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1338	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1339	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1340	!
1341	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1342
1343
1344	IMPLICIT NONE
1345
1346	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1347	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1348
1349	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1350
1351	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1352
1353	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1354	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1355	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1356	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1357	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1358	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1359	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1360	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1361	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1362	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1363
1364	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1365	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1366	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1367
1368	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1369	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1370
1371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1376
1377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1382
1383	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1384
1385	!
1386	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1387	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1388
1389	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1390
1391	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1392	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1393	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1394	ENDIF
1395	!
1396	!-- Read distribution table:
1397
1398	dlen = 0
1399
1400	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1401
1402	rloop3: DO
1403	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1404	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1405	dlen = dlen + 1
1406	ENDDO rloop3
1407
1408	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1409
1410	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1411	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1412	ENDDO
1413
1414	DO jj = 1,dlen
1415	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1416	ENDDO
1417
1418	!
1419	!-- Read layout table:
1420
1421	dlen = 0
1422
1423	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1424
1425	rloop1: DO
1426	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1427	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1428	dlen = dlen + 1
1429	ENDDO rloop1
1430
1431	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1432	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1433	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1434	ENDDO
1435	DO jj = 1, dlen
1436	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1437	ENDDO
1438
1439	!
1440	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1441
1442	dlen = 0
1443
1444	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1445
1446	rloop2: DO
1447	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1448	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1449	dlen = dlen + 1
1450	ENDDO rloop2
1451
1452	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1453	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1454
1455	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1456	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1457	ENDDO
1458
1459	DO jj = 1,dlen
1460	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1461	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1462	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1463	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1464	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1465	ENDDO
1466
1467	ENDDO
1468
1469	dlenbl = dlen
1470
1471	CLOSE ( 90 )
1472
1473	!
1474	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1475	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1476	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1477	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1478	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1479
1480	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1481	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1482	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1483	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1484
1485	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1486	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1487
1488	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1489	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1490
1491	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1492
1493	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1494	!
1495	!-- Find position in table 1
1496	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1497	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1498
1499	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
1500	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1501	ENDIF
1502
1503	trow = lct(1)
1504	!
1505	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1506	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1507	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1508	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1509	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1510
1511	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1512	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1513	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1514	ENDIF
1515
1516	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1517	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1518	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1519	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1520	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1521
1522	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values
1523	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1524	! explicitly
1525	ELSE
1526	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1527	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1528	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1529	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1530	!
1531	!-- For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1532	!-- explicitly
1533	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1534	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1535	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1536	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1537	ENDIF
1538
1539	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1540
1541	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1542	ialpha = 1
1543
1544	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1545	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1546	ENDDO
1547
1548	!
1549	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1550	!-- segments and angles of attack
1551	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1552	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1553	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1554	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1555	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1556	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1557	( alpha_attack_i - &
1558	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1559	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1560	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1561	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1562	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1563	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1564	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1565	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1566	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1567	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1568	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1569	( alpha_attack_i - &
1570	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1571	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1572	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1573	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1574	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1575
1576	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1577
1578	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1579
1580
1581	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1582
1583
1584	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1585	! Description:
1586	! ------------
1587	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1588	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1589	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1590	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1591
1592
1593	IMPLICIT NONE
1594
1595	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1596	!
1597	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1598	!-- the rotors
1599	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1600	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1601	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1602
1603	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1604	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1605	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1606
1607	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1608	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1609	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1610
1611	!
1612	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1613	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1614
1615	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1616	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1617	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1618	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1619	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1620	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1621	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1622	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1623	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1624	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1625	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1626	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1627	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1628	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1629	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1630	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1631	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1632	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1633	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1634	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1635	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1636	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1637	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1638	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1639
1640	!
1641	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1642	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1643	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1644	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1645	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1646
1647	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1648
1649
1650	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1651	! Description:
1652	! ------------
1653	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1654	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1655	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1656
1657
1658	IMPLICIT NONE
1659
1660	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1661
1662	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1663	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1664	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1665	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
1666	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
1667	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1668
1669	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1670	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1671	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1672
1673	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1674	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1675
1676	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1677
1678
1679	!
1680	! Variables for pitch control
1681	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
1682	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
1683
1684	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
1685	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
1686
1687	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1688
1689
1690	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1691
1692
1693	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1694
1695	!
1696	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1697	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1698	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1699	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1700	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1701	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1702	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1703	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1704	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1705	!
1706	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1707	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1708
1709	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1710	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1711	!
1712	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1713	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1714
1715	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1716	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1717	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1718	!
1719	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1720	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1721
1722	!
1723	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1724	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1725	!
1726	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1727	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1728	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1729	!
1730	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1731	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1732	!-- with y-axis):
1733	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1734	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1735	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1736
1737	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1738	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1739	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1740	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1741	re(3) = sin_rot
1742
1743	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1744	!
1745	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1746	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1747	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1748	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1749
1750	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1751	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1752	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1753	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1754	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1755
1756	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1757	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1758
1759	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1760	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1761
1762	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1763	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1764
1765	!
1766	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1767
1768	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1769	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1770	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1771	!
1772	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1773	!-- the current PE:
1774	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1775	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1776
1777	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1778	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1779	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1780	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1781	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1782	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1783	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1784	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1785	gg = dx * dy
1786
1787	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1788	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1789	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1790	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1791	) / gg
1792
1793	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1794	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1795	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1796	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1797	) / gg
1798
1799	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1800	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1801	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1802
1803	ELSE
1804	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1805	ENDIF
1806	ELSE
1807	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1808	ENDIF
1809
1810
1811	!
1812	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1813	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1814	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1815	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1816	!
1817	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1818	!-- the current PE:
1819	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1820	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1821
1822	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1823	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1824	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1825	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1826	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1827	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1828	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1829	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1830	gg = dx * dy
1831
1832	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1833	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1834	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1835	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1836	) / gg
1837
1838	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1839	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1840	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1841	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1842	) / gg
1843
1844	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1845	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1846	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1847
1848	ELSE
1849	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1850	ENDIF
1851	ELSE
1852	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1853	ENDIF
1854
1855
1856	!
1857	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1858	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1859	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1860	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1861	!
1862	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1863	!-- the current PE:
1864	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1865	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1866
1867	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1868	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1869	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1870	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1871	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1872	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1873	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1874	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1875	gg = dx * dy
1876
1877	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1878	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1879	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1880	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1881	) / gg
1882
1883	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1884	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1885	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1886	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1887	) / gg
1888
1889	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1890	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1891	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1892	ELSE
1893	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1894	ENDIF
1895	ELSE
1896	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1897	ENDIF
1898
1899	ENDDO
1900	ENDDO
1901
1902	ENDDO
1903
1904	!
1905	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1906	#if defined( __parallel )
1907	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1908	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1909	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1910	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1911	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1912	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1913	#else
1914	u_int = u_int_1_l
1915	v_int = v_int_1_l
1916	w_int = w_int_1_l
1917	#endif
1918
1919
1920	!
1921	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1922
1923	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1924	pit_loop: DO
1925
1926	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1927	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1928	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1929	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1930	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1931	ELSE
1932	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1933	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1934	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1935	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1936	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1937	ENDIF
1938	ENDIF
1939
1940	!
1941	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1942	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1943	!
1944	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1945	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1946	!
1947	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1948	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1949	!
1950	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1951	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1952	!-- with y-axis):
1953	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1954	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1955	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1956	!
1957	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1958	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1959	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1960	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1961	re(3) = sin_rot
1962
1963	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
1964	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
1965	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
1966	rea(3) = cos_rot
1967
1968	!
1969	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
1970	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
1971	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
1972	ren(1) = cos_yaw
1973	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
1974	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
1975	!
1976	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
1977	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
1978	!-- tilt:
1979	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1980	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
1981	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
1982	!
1983	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1984	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1985
1986	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1987
1988	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1989
1990	!
1991	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1992	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
1993	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1994	!
1995	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
1996	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
1997	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
1998	!-- coordinates y' and z.
1999	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2000	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2001	!
2002	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2003	!
2004	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2005	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2006	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2007	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2008	!
2009	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2010	!-- direction:
2011	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2012	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2013	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2014	!
2015	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2016	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2017
2018	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
2019	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2020	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2021
2022	!
2023	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2024	!-- to the current radial position:
2025
2026	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2027	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2028
2029	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2030	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2031	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2032	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2033	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2034	ELSE
2035	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2036	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2037	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2038	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2039	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2040	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2041	ENDIF
2042
2043	!
2044	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2045	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2046	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2047	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2048	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2049	!
2050	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2051	!-- angle of attack:
2052	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2053	!
2054	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2055	!-- to angles given in degree:
2056	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2057	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2058	!
2059	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2060	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
2061
2062	!
2063	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2064	!-- to the rotor:
2065	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2066	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2067	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2068
2069	!
2070	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2071	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2072	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2073	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2074
2075	!
2076	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2077	!-- the current radial position:
2078
2079	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2080	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2081	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2082	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2083	ELSE
2084	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2085	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2086	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2087	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2088	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2089	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2090	ENDIF
2091
2092	!
2093	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2094	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2095	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2096	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2097	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2098	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2099	!
2100	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2101	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2102	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2103	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2104	!
2105	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2106	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2107	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2108	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2109
2110	!
2111	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2112	!-- angles given in radian:
2113	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2114	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2115
2116	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2117
2118	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2119	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2120	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2121	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2122	!--
2123	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2124	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2125	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2126
2127	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2128
2129	ENDIF
2130	!
2131	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2132	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2133	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2134
2135	!
2136	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2137
2138	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2139	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2140
2141	!
2142	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2143	!-- for each ring segment:
2144	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2145	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2146	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2147
2148	!
2149	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2150	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2151	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2152	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2153	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2154	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2155	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2156	!
2157	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2158	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2159	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2160
2161	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2162	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2163
2164	!
2165	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2166	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2167	thrust_seg(rseg)
2168
2169
2170	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2171
2172	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2173
2174	!
2175	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2176	!-- each ring:
2177	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2178	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2179	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2180
2181
2182	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2183
2184
2185	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2186
2187
2188	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2189	!
2190	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2191
2192	!
2193	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2194	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2195	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2196	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2197	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2198	( inertia_rot + &
2199	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2200
2201	!
2202	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2203	!-- and rotor speed
2204	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2205
2206	ENDIF
2207
2208	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2209
2210	!
2211	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2212	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2213	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2214	!-- gain
2215	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2216	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2217	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2218	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2219	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2220	!
2221	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2222	CYCLE pit_loop
2223	ENDIF
2224
2225	!
2226	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2227	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2228	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2229	ENDIF
2230	EXIT pit_loop
2231	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2232
2233
2234	!
2235	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2236
2237	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2238	!
2239	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2240	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2241	THEN
2242	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2243	THEN
2244	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2245	ENDIF
2246	ENDIF
2247
2248	ENDIF
2249
2250
2251	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2252
2253	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2254
2255
2256	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2257	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2258	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2259	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2260	!
2261	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2262	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2263	!
2264	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2265	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2266	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2267	!-- consideration
2268	!
2269	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2270	!-- of the model domain:
2271	!
2272	!--
2273	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2274	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2275	eps_min ) / dx )
2276	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2277	eps_min ) / dy )
2278
2279	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2280	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2281	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2282	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2283	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2284	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2285	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2286	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2287	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2288	!
2289	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2290	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2291
2292	!
2293	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2294	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2295	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2296	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2297	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2298	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2299	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2300	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2301	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2302	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2303	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2304
2305	!
2306	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2307	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2308	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2309	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2310	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2311	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2312	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2313	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2314	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2315	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2316	flag
2317	ENDIF
2318	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2319	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2320	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2321	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2322	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2323	flag
2324	ENDIF
2325	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2326	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2327	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2328	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2329	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2330	flag
2331	ENDIF
2332
2333	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2334	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2335
2336	!
2337	!-- Rotation of force components:
2338	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2339	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2340	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2341	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2342	) * flag
2343
2344	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2345	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2346	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2347	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2348	) * flag
2349
2350	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2351	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2352	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2353	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2354	) * flag
2355
2356	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2357	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2358	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2359
2360	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2361
2362	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2363
2364
2365	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2366	!
2367	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2368	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2369	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2370	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2371	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2372	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2373	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2374
2375	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2376	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2377	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2378	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2379	start_up = .FALSE.
2380	ENDIF
2381
2382	!
2383	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2384	!--
2385	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2386	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2387	!
2388	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2389	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2390	THEN
2391	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2392	THEN
2393
2394	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2395
2396	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2397	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2398	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2399	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2400	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2401
2402	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2403
2404	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2405
2406	ENDIF
2407	ENDIF
2408
2409	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2410
2411	!
2412	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2413	#if defined( __parallel )
2414	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2415	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2416	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2417	comm2d, ierr )
2418	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2419	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2420	#else
2421	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2422	wdir = wdir_l
2423	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2424
2425
2426	#endif
2427	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2428	!
2429	!-- Update rotor orientation
2430	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2431
2432	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2433
2434	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2435
2436	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2437	!
2438	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2439	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2440	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2441	#if defined( __parallel )
2442	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2443	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2444	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2445	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2446	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2447	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2448	#else
2449	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2450	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2451	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2452	#endif
2453
2454	ENDIF
2455
2456	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2457
2458	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2459	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2460	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2461	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2462	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2463	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2464	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2465	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2466	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2467	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2468
2469	ELSE
2470
2471	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2472	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2473	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2474	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2475	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2476	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2477	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2478	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2479	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2480	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2481	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2482	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2483	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2484	ENDIF
2485	ENDIF
2486
2487	!-- Set open flag
2488	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2489	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2490
2491	ENDIF
2492
2493	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2494
2495	!
2496	!-- Formats
2497	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2498	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2499	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2500	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2501	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2502
2503	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2504	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2505
2506
2507	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2508
2509
2510	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2511	! Description:
2512	! ------------
2513	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2514	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2515	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2516
2517	USE kinds
2518
2519	IMPLICIT NONE
2520
2521	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2522	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2523	REAL(wp) :: missal
2524
2525	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2526
2527	!
2528	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2529	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2530	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2531	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
2532	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2533	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2534	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2535	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2536	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2537	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2538	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2539	!
2540	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2541	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2542	!
2543	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2544	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2545	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2546	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2547	!
2548	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2549	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2550
2551	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2552	!
2553	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2554	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2555	!
2556	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2557	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2558	!
2559	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2560	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2561	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2562	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2563	ENDIF
2564	ENDIF
2565
2566	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2567
2568	!
2569	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2570	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2571	!-- than min_miss
2572
2573	ELSE
2574	!
2575	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2576	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2577	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2578	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2579	!
2580	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2581	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2582	!
2583	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2584	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2585	!
2586	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2587	!-- yaw direction is still right
2588	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2589	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2590	!
2591	!-- Continue yawing
2592	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2593	ELSE
2594	!
2595	!-- Stop yawing
2596	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2597	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2598	ENDIF
2599	ELSE
2600	!
2601	!-- Continue yawing
2602	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2603	ENDIF
2604
2605	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2606
2607	ENDIF
2608
2609	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2610
2611
2612	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2613	! Description:
2614	! ------------
2615	!> Initialization of the speed control
2616	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2617	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2618
2619
2620	IMPLICIT NONE
2621
2622	!
2623	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2624	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2625	!
2626	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2627	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2628	!
2629	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2630	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2631	!
2632	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2633	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2634	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2635	!
2636	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2637	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2638	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2639	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2640	!
2641	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2642	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2643	!
2644	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2645	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2646	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2647	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2648	ENDIF
2649
2650	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2651
2652
2653	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2654	! Description:
2655	! ------------
2656	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2657	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2658	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2659
2660
2661	IMPLICIT NONE
2662
2663	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2664
2665
2666
2667	!
2668	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2669	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2670	!-- offshore system developement"
2671
2672	!
2673	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2674	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2675	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2676	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2677	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2678
2679	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2680	!
2681	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2682	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2683
2684	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2685	!
2686	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2687	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2688
2689	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2690	!
2691	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2692	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2693	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2694
2695	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2696	!
2697	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2698	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2699
2700	ELSE
2701	!
2702	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2703	!-- keep the power constant:
2704	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2705
2706	ENDIF
2707	!
2708	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2709	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2710	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2711	!
2712	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2713	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2714	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2715	!
2716	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2717	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2718
2719
2720	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2721
2722
2723	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2724	! Description:
2725	! ------------
2726	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2727	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2728	!> Call for all grid points
2729	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2730	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
2731
2732
2733	IMPLICIT NONE
2734
2735	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2736	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2737	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2738	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2739
2740
2741	SELECT CASE ( component )
2742
2743	CASE ( 1 )
2744	!
2745	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2746	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2747	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2748	DO j = nysg, nyng
2749	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2750	!
2751	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2752	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2753	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2754	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2755	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2756
2757	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2758	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2759	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2760	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2761	ENDDO
2762	ENDDO
2763	ENDDO
2764	ENDIF
2765
2766	CASE ( 2 )
2767	!
2768	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2769	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2770	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2771	DO j = nysg, nyng
2772	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2773	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2774	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2775	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2776	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2777	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2778	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2779	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2780	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2781	ENDDO
2782	ENDDO
2783	ENDDO
2784	ENDIF
2785
2786	CASE ( 3 )
2787	!
2788	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2789	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2790	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2791	DO j = nysg, nyng
2792	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2793	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2794	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2795	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2796	ENDDO
2797	ENDDO
2798	ENDDO
2799	ENDIF
2800
2801
2802	CASE DEFAULT
2803
2804	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2805	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2806
2807	END SELECT
2808
2809
2810	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
2811
2812
2813	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2814	! Description:
2815	! ------------
2816	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2817	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2818	!> Call for grid point i,j
2819	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2820	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
2821
2822
2823	IMPLICIT NONE
2824
2825	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
2826	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2827	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2828	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2829
2830	SELECT CASE ( component )
2831
2832	CASE ( 1 )
2833	!
2834	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2835	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2836	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2837	!
2838	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2839	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2840	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2841	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2842	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2843	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2844	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2845	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2846	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2847	ENDDO
2848	ENDIF
2849
2850	CASE ( 2 )
2851	!
2852	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2853	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2854	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2855	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2856	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2857	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2858	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2859	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2860	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2861	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2862	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2863	ENDDO
2864	ENDIF
2865
2866	CASE ( 3 )
2867	!
2868	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2869	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2870	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2871	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2872	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2873	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2874	ENDDO
2875	ENDIF
2876
2877
2878	CASE DEFAULT
2879
2880	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
2881	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2882
2883	END SELECT
2884
2885
2886	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
2887
2888	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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