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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 4147

Last change on this file since 4147 was 4144, checked in by raasch, 5 years ago
relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 122.1 KB

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1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2009-2019 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
18	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z gronemeier $
28	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
29	!
30	! 4056 2019-06-27 13:53:16Z Giersch
31	! CASE DEFAULT action in wtm_actions needs to be CONTINUE. Otherwise an abort
32	! will happen for location values that are not implemented as CASE statements
33	! but are already realized in the code (e.g. pt-tendency)
34	!
35	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
36	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
37	! of additional debug messages
38	!
39	! 3875 2019-04-08 17:35:12Z knoop
40	! Addaped wtm_tendency to fit the module actions interface
41	!
42	! 3832 2019-03-28 13:16:58Z raasch
43	! instrumented with openmp directives
44	!
45	! 3725 2019-02-07 10:11:02Z raasch
46	! unused variables removed
47	!
48	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
49	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
50	!
51	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
52	! Replace degree symbol by 'degrees'
53	!
54	! 3274 2018-09-24 15:42:55Z knoop
55	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
56	!
57	! 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward
58	! Minor formating changes
59	!
60	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
61	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
62	!
63	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
64	! unused variables removed
65	!
66	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
67	! Check for vertical stretching has been revised.
68	!
69	! 3139 2018-07-17 11:30:10Z Giersch
70	! Bugfix in calculation of alpha_attack
71	!
72	! 3069 2018-06-15 07:56:09Z witha
73	! Initialization of some arrays added
74	!
75	! 3066 2018-06-12 08:55:55Z Giersch
76	! Error message revised
77	!
78	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
79	! dz was replaced by dz(1), error message concerning grid stretching has been
80	! introduced
81	!
82	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
83	! Error messages revised
84	!
85	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z Giersch
86	! renamed wind_turbine_par to wind_turbine_parameters
87	!
88	! 2894 2018-03-15 09:17:58Z Giersch
89	! variable named found has been introduced for checking if restart data was
90	! found, reading of restart strings has been moved completely to
91	! read_restart_data_mod, wind_turbine_prerun flag has been removed, redundant
92	! skipping function has been removed, wtm_read/write_restart_data have been
93	! renamed to wtm_r/wrd_global, wtm_rrd_global is called in
94	! read_restart_data_mod now, marker * end wtm * was removed, strings and
95	! their respective lengths are written out and read now in case of restart
96	! runs to get rid of prescribed character lengths, CASE DEFAULT was added if
97	! restart data is read
98	!
99	! 2885 2018-03-14 11:02:46Z Giersch
100	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
101	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
102	! turbine model
103	!
104	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
105	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
106	! case of restart runs
107	!
108	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
109	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
110	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
111	!
112	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
113	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
114	!
115	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
116	! Change in file header (GPL part)
117	!
118	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
119	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
120	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
121	!
122	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
123	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_global to skip module
124	! parameters during reading restart data
125	!
126	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
127	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
128	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
129	! defined
130	!
131	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
132	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
133	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
134	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
135	!
136	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
137	! Revise error message PA0462
138	!
139	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
140	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
141	!
142	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
143	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
144	!
145	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
146	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
147	!
148	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
149	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
150	!
151	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
152	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
153	!
154	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
155	!
156	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
157	! Adjustments to new topography concept
158	!
159	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
160	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
161	! Addition of a tip loss model
162	!
163	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
164	! Bugfix of pitch control
165	!
166	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
167	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
168	!
169	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
170	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
171	!
172	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
173	! Initial revision
174	!
175	!
176	! Description:
177	! ------------
178	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
179	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
180	!> (ADM-R).
181	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
182	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
183	!> yaw.
184	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
185	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
186	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
187	!> automatically).
188	!>
189	!> @todo Replace dz(1) appropriatly to account for grid stretching
190	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
191	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
192	!> @todo Generate header information
193	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
194	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
195	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
196	!> @todo Include additional output variables
197	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
198	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
199	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
200	!
201	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
202	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
203
204	USE arrays_3d, &
205	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
206
207	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
208	ONLY: pi
209
210	USE control_parameters, &
211	ONLY: coupling_char, &
212	debug_output, &
213	dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
214	wind_turbine, initializing_actions
215
216	USE cpulog, &
217	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
218
219	USE grid_variables, &
220	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
221
222	USE indices, &
223	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
224	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
225
226	USE kinds
227
228	USE pegrid
229
230
231	IMPLICIT NONE
232
233	PRIVATE
234
235	!
236	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
237
238	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
239	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
240
241	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
242	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
243	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
244	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
245
246	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
247	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
248	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
249	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
250	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
251	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
252
253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
262	! REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
264
265	!
266	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
267	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
268
269	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
270	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
271	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
272	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
273	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
274	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
275	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
276	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
277	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
278	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
279	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
280	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
281	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
282	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
283
284
285	!
286	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
287
288	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
289	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
290	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
291
292	!
293	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
294	TYPE file_status
295	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
296	END TYPE file_status
297
298	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
299	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
300
301	!
302	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
303
304	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
305	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
306	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
307	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
308	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
309
310	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
311
312	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
313	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
314	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
315	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
316	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
317	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
318	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
319	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
320
321	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
322
323	!
324	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
325	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
326	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
327	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
328	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
329	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
330	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
331
332	!
333	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
338
339	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
340	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
341
342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
344
345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
347
348	!
349	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
350
351	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
352	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
353	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
354	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
355	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
356	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
357	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
358	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
359	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
360	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
361	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
362	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (cur_r, phi_rotor, pre_factor, torque_seg, u_int_l, u_int_u, u_rot, &
363	!$OMP& v_int_l, v_int_u, w_int_l, w_int_u)
364	!
365	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
366	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
367	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
368	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
369	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
370	!$OMP THREADPRIVATE (tend_nac_x, tend_tow_x, tend_nac_y, tend_tow_y)
371
372	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
381
382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
384
385	!
386	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
387	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
388	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
389	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
393
394	!
395	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
397	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
398	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
399
400	!
401	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
404	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
405
406	!
407	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
410	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
411
412	!
413	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
414	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
415	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
417	!
418	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
419	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
420
421	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
422	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
423	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
424	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
425	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
426	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
427	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
428	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
429	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
430
431	!
432	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
433
434	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
435
436	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
437	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
438	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
439	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
440	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
441	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
442	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
443	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
444
445	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
446
447	!
448	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
449
450	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
451	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
452	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
453	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
454	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
455	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
456	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
457	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
458	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
459	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
460	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
461	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
462	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
463
464	!
465	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
466	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
467	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
468	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
469	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
470	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
471	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
472	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
473
474
475	SAVE
476
477
478	INTERFACE wtm_parin
479	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
480	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
481
482	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
483	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
484	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
485
486	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
487	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
488	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
489
490	INTERFACE wtm_init
491	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
492	END INTERFACE wtm_init
493
494	INTERFACE wtm_actions
495	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions
496	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_actions_ij
497	END INTERFACE wtm_actions
498
499	INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
500	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rrd_global
501	END INTERFACE wtm_rrd_global
502
503	INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
504	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_wrd_global
505	END INTERFACE wtm_wrd_global
506
507
508	PUBLIC &
509	wtm_parin, &
510	wtm_check_parameters, &
511	wtm_init_arrays, &
512	wtm_init, &
513	wtm_actions, &
514	wtm_rrd_global, &
515	wtm_wrd_global
516
517
518	CONTAINS
519
520
521	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
522	! Description:
523	! ------------
524	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
525	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
526	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
527
528
529	IMPLICIT NONE
530
531	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
532
533	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
534	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
535	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
536	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
537	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
538	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
539	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
540	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
541	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
542	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
543	! , turb_cd_nacelle
544
545	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_parameters/ &
546	air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
547	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
548	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
549	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
550	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
551	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
552	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
553	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
554	turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
555	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
556	! , turb_cd_nacelle
557	!
558	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
559	REWIND ( 11 )
560	line = ' '
561	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_parameters' ) == 0 )
562	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
563	ENDDO
564	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
565
566	!
567	!-- Read user-defined namelist
568	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_parameters, ERR = 10 )
569	!
570	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
571	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
572
573	GOTO 14
574
575	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
576	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
577	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_parameters', line )
578
579	!
580	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
581	12 REWIND ( 11 )
582	line = ' '
583	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
584	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
585	ENDDO
586	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
587
588	!
589	!-- Read user-defined namelist
590	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
591
592	message_string = 'namelist wind_tubrine_par is deprecated and will ' // &
593	'be removed in near future. &Please use namelist ' // &
594	'wind_turbine_parameters instead'
595	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
596
597	!
598	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
599	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
600
601	GOTO 14
602
603	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
604	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
605	CALL parin_fail_message( 'wind_turbine_par', line )
606
607	14 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
608
609
610	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
611
612
613	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
614	! Description:
615	! ------------
616	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
617	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
618	SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
619
620
621	IMPLICIT NONE
622
623
624	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen' )
625	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
626
627	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f' )
628	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
629
630	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
631	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
632
633	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_gen_old' )
634	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
635
636	CALL wrd_write_string( 'omega_rot' )
637	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
638
639	CALL wrd_write_string( 'phi_yaw' )
640	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw
641
642	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add' )
643	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
644
645	CALL wrd_write_string( 'pitch_add_old' )
646	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
647
648	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen' )
649	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
650
651	CALL wrd_write_string( 'torque_gen_old' )
652	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
653
654
655	END SUBROUTINE wtm_wrd_global
656
657
658	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
659	! Description:
660	! ------------
661	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
662	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
663	SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global( found )
664
665
666	USE control_parameters, &
667	ONLY: length, restart_string
668
669
670	IMPLICIT NONE
671
672	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found
673
674
675	found = .TRUE.
676
677
678	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
679
680	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
681	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
682	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
683	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
684	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
685	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
686	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
687	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
688	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
689	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
690	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
691	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
692	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
693	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
694	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
695	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
696	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
697	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
698	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
699	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
700
701	CASE DEFAULT
702
703	found = .FALSE.
704
705	END SELECT
706
707
708	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rrd_global
709
710
711	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
712	! Description:
713	! ------------
714	!> Check namelist parameter
715	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
716	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
717
718
719	IMPLICIT NONE
720
721	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
722	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
723	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
724	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
725	ENDIF
726
727	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
728	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
729	'a value equal or larger than zero'
730	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
731	ENDIF
732
733
734	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
735	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
736	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
737
738	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
739	'have to be given for each turbine.'
740	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
741
742	ENDIF
743
744
745	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
746
747
748	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
749	! Description:
750	! ------------
751	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
752	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
753	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
754
755
756	IMPLICIT NONE
757
758	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
759	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
760
761	!
762	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
763	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
764
765	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
766	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
767
768	nrings(:) = 0
769	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
770
771	!
772	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
773	delta_r_factor = segment_width
774	delta_t_factor = segment_length
775	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz(1))
776
777	DO inot = 1, nturbines
778	!
779	!-- Determine number of rings:
780	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
781
782	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
783
784	ENDDO
785
786	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
787
788	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
789	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
790
791	nsegs(:,:) = 0
792	nsegs_total(:) = 0
793
794
795	DO inot = 1, nturbines
796	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
797	!
798	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
799	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
800	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
801	delta_t_factor ) )
802	ENDDO
803	!
804	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
805	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
806
807	ENDDO
808
809	!
810	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
811	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
812
813	!!
814	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
815	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
816	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
817	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
818	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
819	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
820	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
821	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
822	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
823	! ENDIF
824
825
826	!
827	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
828	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
829	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
830	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
831	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
832	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
833	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
834	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
835	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
836
837	!
838	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
839	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
840	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
841	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
842	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
843	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
844	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
845
846	!
847	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
848	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
849	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
850	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
851	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
852	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
853	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
854	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
855	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
856	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
857	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
858
859	!
860	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
861	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
862	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
863	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
864	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
865	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
866	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
867
868	!
869	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
870	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
871	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
872	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
873
874	!
875	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
876	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
877	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
878	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
879	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
880	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
881	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
882	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
883	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
884
885	!
886	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
887	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
888	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
889	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
890	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
891	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
892	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
893
894	!
895	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
896	i_hub(:) = 0
897	i_smear(:) = 0
898	j_hub(:) = 0
899	j_smear(:) = 0
900	k_hub(:) = 0
901	k_smear(:) = 0
902
903	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
904	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
905
906	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
907	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
908	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
909	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
910	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
911	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
912	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
913	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
914	ENDIF
915
916	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
917	wdir_l(:) = 0.0_wp
918	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
919	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
920	u_inflow_l(:) = 0.0_wp
921	phi_yaw_l(:) = 0.0_wp
922
923	!
924	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
925	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
926	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
927	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
928	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
929	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
930	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
931	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
932	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
933	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
934	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
935
936	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
937	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
938	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
939	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
940	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
941	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
942
943	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
944	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
945	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
946
947	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
948	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
949	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
950	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
951	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
952	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
953	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
954	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
955
956	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
957	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
958	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
959	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
960	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
961	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
962
963
964	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
965
966
967	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
968	! Description:
969	! ------------
970	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
971	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
972	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
973
974
975	USE control_parameters, &
976	ONLY: dz_stretch_level_start
977
978	IMPLICIT NONE
979
980	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
981	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
982	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
983
984	!
985	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
986	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
987
988	!
989	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
990	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
991	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
992
993	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
994
995	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
996	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
997	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
998	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
999
1000	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'start' )
1001
1002	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
1003	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
1004	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
1005	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
1006
1007	!
1008	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1009	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
1010	!-- (smearing of the forces)
1011	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1012	!
1013	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
1014	!-- be calculated:
1015
1016	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
1017	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
1018	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
1019	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
1020	!
1021	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
1022	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
1023	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
1024	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
1025	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
1026	!
1027	!-- Stretching (non-uniform grid spacing) is not considered in the wind
1028	!-- turbine model. Therefore, vertical stretching has to be applied above
1029	!-- the area where the wtm is active. ABS (...) is required because the
1030	!-- default value of dz_stretch_level_start is -9999999.9_wp (negative).
1031	IF ( ABS( dz_stretch_level_start(1) ) <= MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) + &
1032	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + &
1033	eps_min) THEN
1034	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'The lowest level where vertical ', &
1035	'stretching is applied &have to be ', &
1036	'greater than ',MAXVAL(rcz(1:nturbines)) +&
1037	MAXVAL(rr(1:nturbines)) + eps_min
1038	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0484', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1039	ENDIF
1040	!
1041	!-- Square of eps_min:
1042	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
1043	!
1044	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
1045	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
1046	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
1047	!
1048	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
1049	!-- function:
1050	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
1051
1052	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
1053	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
1054
1055	!
1056	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
1057	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1058	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
1059	ENDIF
1060
1061
1062	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1063	!
1064	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
1065	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1066
1067	!
1068	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
1069	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
1070	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1071	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1) )
1072
1073	!
1074	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
1075	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
1076	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
1077	!-- function of eps_min:
1078	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
1079	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
1080	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz(1) )
1081
1082	ENDDO
1083
1084	!
1085	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
1086	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
1087	IF ( speed_control) THEN
1088
1089	CALL wtm_init_speed_control
1090
1091	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1092
1093	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1094
1095	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1096	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1097	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1098	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1099	ENDIF
1100
1101	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
1102	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1103	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1104	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1105	ENDIF
1106
1107	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1108	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1109	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1110	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1111	ENDIF
1112
1113	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
1114	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
1115	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
1116	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
1117	ENDIF
1118
1119	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1120	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
1121
1122	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
1123
1124	ENDIF
1125	ENDIF
1126
1127	END DO
1128
1129	ENDIF
1130
1131	ENDIF
1132
1133	!
1134	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1135	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
1136	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
1137	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1138	!
1139	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
1140	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
1141
1142	!
1143	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
1144	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
1145	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
1146
1147	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
1148
1149	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1150
1151
1152	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
1153	!
1154	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
1155	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
1156	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
1157	i = i_hub(inot)
1158
1159	!
1160	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1161	!-- grid point indices):
1162	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1163	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
1164	!
1165	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
1166	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
1167	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
1168	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
1169	!-- in grid box 1.
1170	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1171	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz(1) ) + 1
1172
1173	!
1174	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
1175	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
1176	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1177	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
1178
1179	!
1180	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
1181	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
1182	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1183
1184	DO j = nys, nyn
1185	!
1186	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
1187	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
1188
1189	DO k = nzb, nzt
1190
1191	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1192	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
1193	!
1194	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1195	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1196	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1197	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1198	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1199	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1200	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1201	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1202	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1203	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*& ! extension in z-direction
1204	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1205	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
1206	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1207	!
1208	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1209	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1210	ELSE
1211	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
1212	( k_hub(inot) * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) )*&
1213	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1214	ENDIF
1215	!
1216	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1217	ELSE
1218	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - ( k_hub(inot) * &
1219	dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) ) * &
1220	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1221	ENDIF
1222	!
1223	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
1224	!-- are carried out:
1225	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
1226
1227	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
1228	!
1229	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
1230	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
1231	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1232	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
1233	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
1234	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1235	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
1236	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * ( &
1237	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
1238	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
1239	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
1240	!
1241	!-- grid boxes inbetween
1242	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
1243	ELSE
1244	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dy * &
1245	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1246	ENDIF
1247	!
1248	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
1249	ELSE
1250	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz(1) * dtow(inot) * &
1251	turb_cd_tower(inot)
1252	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
1253
1254	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
1255
1256	ENDDO ! end loop over k
1257
1258	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
1259
1260	ENDDO ! end loop over j
1261
1262	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
1263
1264
1265	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
1266
1267	!
1268	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
1269	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
1270	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
1271	!!
1272	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
1273	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
1274	!!-- circle_points in the following):
1275	!
1276	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
1277	!
1278	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
1279	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
1280	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
1281	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1282	!!
1283	!!-- bottom intersection point
1284	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
1285	!!
1286	!!-- top intersection point
1287	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
1288	! ELSE
1289	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
1290	! ENDIF
1291	! ENDDO
1292	!
1293	!
1294	! DO j = nys, nyn
1295	!!
1296	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
1297	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
1298	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
1299	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
1300	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
1301	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1302	!!
1303	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
1304	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
1305	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
1306	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
1307	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
1308	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
1309	!!
1310	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
1311	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
1312	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
1313	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
1314	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
1315	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
1316	! dz_int = dz
1317	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
1318	!!
1319	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
1320	!!-- within the current grid box:
1321	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1322	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1323	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
1324	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
1325	! ENDIF
1326	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
1327	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
1328	! dz_int = dz_int - &
1329	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
1330	! ENDIF
1331	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
1332	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1333	! ENDIF
1334	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
1335	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
1336	! ENDIF
1337	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
1338	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
1339	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
1340	! ENDIF
1341	! ENDDO
1342	! ENDIF
1343	! ENDDO
1344	! ENDIF
1345	!
1346	! ENDDO
1347	!
1348	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
1349
1350	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
1351
1352	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize tower drag
1353	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz(1) ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
1354
1355	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
1356
1357	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'wtm_init', 'end' )
1358
1359	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
1360
1361
1362	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1363	! Description:
1364	! ------------
1365	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
1366	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
1367	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1368	!
1369	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1370
1371
1372	IMPLICIT NONE
1373
1374	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
1375	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
1376
1377	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
1378
1379	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
1380
1381	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
1382	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
1383	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
1384	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
1385	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
1386	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
1387	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
1388	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
1389	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
1390	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
1391
1392	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
1393	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
1394	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
1395
1396	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
1397	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
1398
1399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
1400	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
1401	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
1402	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
1403	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
1404
1405	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
1406	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
1407	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
1408	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
1409	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
1410
1411	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
1412
1413	!
1414	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
1415	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
1416
1417	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
1418
1419	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
1420	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
1421	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1422	ENDIF
1423	!
1424	!-- Read distribution table:
1425
1426	dlen = 0
1427
1428	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1429
1430	rloop3: DO
1431	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1432	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
1433	dlen = dlen + 1
1434	ENDDO rloop3
1435
1436	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
1437
1438	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1439	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1440	ENDDO
1441
1442	DO jj = 1,dlen
1443	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
1444	ENDDO
1445
1446	!
1447	!-- Read layout table:
1448
1449	dlen = 0
1450
1451	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
1452
1453	rloop1: DO
1454	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1455	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
1456	dlen = dlen + 1
1457	ENDDO rloop1
1458
1459	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
1460	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
1461	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1462	ENDDO
1463	DO jj = 1, dlen
1464	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
1465	ENDDO
1466
1467	!
1468	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
1469
1470	dlen = 0
1471
1472	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
1473
1474	rloop2: DO
1475	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
1476	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
1477	dlen = dlen + 1
1478	ENDDO rloop2
1479
1480	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
1481	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
1482
1483	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
1484	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
1485	ENDDO
1486
1487	DO jj = 1,dlen
1488	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
1489	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
1490	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
1491	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
1492	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
1493	ENDDO
1494
1495	ENDDO
1496
1497	dlenbl = dlen
1498
1499	CLOSE ( 90 )
1500
1501	!
1502	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
1503	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
1504	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
1505	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
1506	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
1507
1508	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1509	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1510	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
1511	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
1512
1513	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
1514	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
1515
1516	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1517	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
1518
1519	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
1520
1521	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
1522	!
1523	!-- Find position in table 1
1524	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
1525	! lct(1) = lct(1)
1526
1527	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) > 0.0 ) THEN
1528	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
1529	ENDIF
1530
1531	trow = lct(1)
1532	!
1533	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
1534	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1535	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
1536	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
1537	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
1538
1539	IF ( t1 == t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
1540	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
1541	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
1542	ENDIF
1543
1544	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
1545	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1546	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1547	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
1548	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
1549
1550	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values
1551	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
1552	! explicitly
1553	ELSE
1554	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
1555	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
1556	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
1557	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
1558	!
1559	!-- For -180 degrees (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
1560	!-- explicitly
1561	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1562	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
1563	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
1564	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
1565	ENDIF
1566
1567	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
1568
1569	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
1570	ialpha = 1
1571
1572	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
1573	ialpha = ialpha + 1
1574	ENDDO
1575
1576	!
1577	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
1578	!-- segments and angles of attack
1579
1580	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1581	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1582	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1583	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1584	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1585	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1586	( alpha_attack_i - &
1587	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1588	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1589	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1590	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
1591	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
1592	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1593	alpha_attack_i ) / &
1594	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1595	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1596	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
1597	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
1598	( alpha_attack_i - &
1599	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
1600	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
1601	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
1602	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
1603	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
1604
1605	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
1606
1607	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
1608
1609
1610	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
1611
1612
1613	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1614	! Description:
1615	! ------------
1616	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
1617	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
1618	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1619	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
1620
1621
1622	IMPLICIT NONE
1623
1624	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
1625	!
1626	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
1627	!-- the rotors
1628	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
1629	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
1630	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
1631
1632	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1633	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1634	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
1635
1636	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
1637	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
1638	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
1639
1640	!
1641	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
1642	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
1643
1644	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
1645	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1646	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1647	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1648	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1649	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1650	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1651	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1652	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1653	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1654	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
1655	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
1656	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1657	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
1658	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1659	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1660	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
1661	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
1662	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
1663	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
1664	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
1665	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
1666	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
1667	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
1668
1669	!
1670	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
1671	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
1672	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
1673	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
1674	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
1675
1676	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
1677
1678
1679	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1680	! Description:
1681	! ------------
1682	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
1683	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1684	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
1685
1686
1687	IMPLICIT NONE
1688
1689	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
1690
1691	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
1692	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
1693	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
1694	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg !<
1695	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !<
1696	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
1697
1698	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1699	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
1700	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
1701
1702	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
1703	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
1704
1705	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
1706
1707
1708	!
1709	! Variables for pitch control
1710	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw = .FALSE.
1711
1712	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct = 0
1713	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d = 0.0_wp
1714
1715	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
1716
1717
1718	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
1719
1720
1721	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
1722
1723	!
1724	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
1725	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1726	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1727	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1728	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
1729	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1730	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1731	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1732	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
1733	!
1734	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1735	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1736
1737	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1738	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1739	!
1740	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1741
1742	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, thrust_seg, torque_seg_y, torque_seg_z, sin_rot, &
1743	!$OMP& cos_rot, re, rbx, rby, rbz, ii, jj, kk, aa, bb, cc, dd, gg)
1744	!$OMP DO
1745	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1746
1747	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
1748	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
1749	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
1750	!
1751	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1752	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1753
1754	!
1755	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1756	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1757	!
1758	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1759	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
1760	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1761	!
1762	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1763	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1764	!-- with y-axis):
1765	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1766	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
1767	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
1768
1769	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1770	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1771	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1772	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
1773	re(3) = sin_rot
1774
1775	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
1776	!
1777	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
1778	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
1779	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
1780	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
1781
1782	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1783	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
1784	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
1785	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
1786	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
1787
1788	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1789	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1790
1791	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1792	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1793
1794	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1795	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1796
1797	!
1798	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
1799
1800	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
1801	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1802	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1803	!
1804	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1805	!-- the current PE:
1806	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1807	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1808
1809	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1810	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1811	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1812	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1813	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1814	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1815	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
1816	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1817	gg = dx * dy
1818
1819	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
1820	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1821	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1822	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1823	) / gg
1824
1825	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1826	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1827	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1828	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1829	) / gg
1830
1831	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
1832	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1833	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
1834
1835	ELSE
1836	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1837	ENDIF
1838	ELSE
1839	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1840	ENDIF
1841
1842
1843	!
1844	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
1845	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1846	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
1847	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz(1) ) / dz(1)
1848	!
1849	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1850	!-- the current PE:
1851	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1852	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1853
1854	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1855	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1856	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1857	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1858	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1859	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1860	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1861	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
1862	gg = dx * dy
1863
1864	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
1865	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1866	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1867	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1868	) / gg
1869
1870	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1871	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1872	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1873	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1874	) / gg
1875
1876	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
1877	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1878	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
1879
1880	ELSE
1881	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1882	ENDIF
1883	ELSE
1884	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1885	ENDIF
1886
1887
1888	!
1889	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
1890	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
1891	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
1892	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz(1)
1893	!
1894	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
1895	!-- the current PE:
1896	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
1897	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
1898
1899	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1900	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1901	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1902	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
1903	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
1904	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1905	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
1906	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
1907	gg = dx * dy
1908
1909	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
1910	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
1911	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
1912	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
1913	) / gg
1914
1915	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
1916	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
1917	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
1918	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
1919	) / gg
1920
1921	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
1922	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz(1) * &
1923	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
1924	ELSE
1925	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1926	ENDIF
1927	ELSE
1928	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
1929	ENDIF
1930
1931	ENDDO
1932	ENDDO
1933	!$OMP END PARALLEL
1934
1935	ENDDO
1936
1937	!
1938	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
1939	#if defined( __parallel )
1940	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1941	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1942	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1943	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1944	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
1945	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1946	#else
1947	u_int = u_int_1_l
1948	v_int = v_int_1_l
1949	w_int = w_int_1_l
1950	#endif
1951
1952
1953	!
1954	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
1955
1956	DO inot = 1, nturbines
1957	pit_loop: DO
1958
1959	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
1960	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
1961	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
1962	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
1963	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
1964	ELSE
1965	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
1966	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
1967	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
1968	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
1969	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
1970	ENDIF
1971	ENDIF
1972
1973	!
1974	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
1975	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (ring, rseg, sin_rot, cos_rot, re, rea, ren, rote, rota, rotn, &
1976	!$OMP& vtheta, phi_rel, lct, rad_d, alpha_attack, vrel, &
1977	!$OMP& chord, iialpha, iir, turb_cl, tl_factor, thrust_seg, &
1978	!$OMP& torque_seg_y, turb_cd, torque_seg_z, thrust_ring, &
1979	!$OMP& torque_ring_y, torque_ring_z)
1980	!$OMP DO
1981	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
1982	!
1983	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
1984	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
1985	!
1986	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
1987	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
1988	!
1989	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
1990	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
1991	!-- with y-axis):
1992	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
1993	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
1994	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
1995	!
1996	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
1997	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
1998	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
1999	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
2000	re(3) = sin_rot
2001
2002	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
2003	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
2004	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
2005	rea(3) = cos_rot
2006
2007	!
2008	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
2009	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
2010	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
2011	ren(1) = cos_yaw
2012	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
2013	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
2014	!
2015	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
2016	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
2017	!-- tilt:
2018	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
2019	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
2020	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
2021	!
2022	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
2023	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
2024
2025	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
2026
2027	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
2028
2029	!
2030	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2031	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
2032	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2033	!
2034	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
2035	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
2036	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
2037	!-- coordinates y' and z.
2038	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
2039	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
2040	!
2041	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
2042	!
2043	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
2044	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
2045	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
2046	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
2047	!
2048	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
2049	!-- direction:
2050	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2051	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
2052	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
2053	!
2054	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
2055	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
2056
2057	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
2058	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2059	vtheta(rseg) ) )
2060
2061	!
2062	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
2063	!-- to the current radial position:
2064
2065	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
2066	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
2067
2068	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2069	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2070	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
2071	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
2072	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
2073	ELSE
2074	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
2075	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2076	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
2077	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
2078	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2079	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2080	ENDIF
2081
2082	!
2083	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
2084	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
2085	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
2086	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2087	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2088	!
2089	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
2090	!-- angle of attack:
2091	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
2092	!
2093	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
2094	!-- to angles given in degree:
2095	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2096	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
2097	!
2098	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
2099	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) - pitch_add(inot)
2100
2101	!
2102	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
2103	!-- to the rotor:
2104	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
2105	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
2106	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
2107
2108	!
2109	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2110	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
2111	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
2112	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
2113
2114	!
2115	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
2116	!-- the current radial position:
2117
2118	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
2119	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
2120	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
2121	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
2122	ELSE
2123	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
2124	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
2125	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
2126	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
2127	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
2128	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
2129	ENDIF
2130
2131	!
2132	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
2133	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2134	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
2135	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
2136	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
2137	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
2138	!
2139	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
2140	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
2141	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
2142	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
2143	!
2144	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
2145	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
2146	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
2147	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
2148
2149	!
2150	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
2151	!-- angles given in radian:
2152	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
2153	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
2154
2155	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
2156
2157	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
2158	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
2159	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
2160	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
2161	!--
2162	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
2163	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
2164	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
2165
2166	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
2167
2168	ENDIF
2169	!
2170	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2171	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
2172	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
2173
2174	!
2175	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
2176
2177	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
2178	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
2179
2180	!
2181	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
2182	!-- for each ring segment:
2183	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
2184	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
2185	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2186
2187	!
2188	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
2189	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
2190	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
2191	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
2192	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
2193	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
2194	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
2195	!
2196	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
2197	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
2198	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
2199
2200	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
2201	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
2202
2203	!
2204	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
2205	!$OMP CRITICAL
2206	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
2207	thrust_seg(rseg)
2208
2209
2210	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
2211	!$OMP END CRITICAL
2212
2213	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
2214
2215	!
2216	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
2217	!-- each ring:
2218	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
2219	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
2220	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
2221
2222
2223	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
2224	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2225
2226
2227	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
2228
2229
2230	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2231	!
2232	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
2233
2234	!
2235	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
2236	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
2237	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
2238	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
2239	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
2240	( inertia_rot + &
2241	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
2242
2243	!
2244	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
2245	!-- and rotor speed
2246	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
2247
2248	ENDIF
2249
2250	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
2251
2252	!
2253	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
2254	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
2255	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
2256	!-- gain
2257	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
2258	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
2259	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
2260	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
2261	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
2262	!
2263	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
2264	CYCLE pit_loop
2265	ENDIF
2266
2267	!
2268	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
2269	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
2270	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
2271	ENDIF
2272	EXIT pit_loop
2273	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
2274
2275
2276	!
2277	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
2278
2279	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2280	!
2281	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2282	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2283	THEN
2284	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2285	THEN
2286	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
2287	ENDIF
2288	ENDIF
2289
2290	ENDIF
2291
2292
2293	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
2294
2295	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
2296
2297
2298	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2299	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
2300	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
2301	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
2302	!
2303	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
2304	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
2305	!
2306	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
2307	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
2308	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
2309	!-- consideration
2310	!
2311	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
2312	!-- of the model domain:
2313	!
2314	!--
2315	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
2316	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
2317	eps_min ) / dx )
2318	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
2319	eps_min ) / dy )
2320
2321	!$OMP PARALLEL PRIVATE (i, j, k, ring, rseg, flag, dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d)
2322	!$OMP DO
2323	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
2324	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
2325	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
2326	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
2327	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
2328	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2329	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
2330	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
2331	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
2332	!
2333	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2334	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2335
2336	!
2337	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
2338	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
2339	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2340	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2341	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2342	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2343	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2344	( k * dz(1) - 0.5_wp * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2345	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2346	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
2347	( k * dz(1) - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
2348
2349	!
2350	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
2351	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
2352	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
2353	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
2354	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
2355	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2356	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
2357	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
2358	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
2359	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
2360	flag
2361	ENDIF
2362	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2363	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
2364	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
2365	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
2366	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2367	flag
2368	ENDIF
2369	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
2370	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
2371	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
2372	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
2373	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
2374	flag
2375	ENDIF
2376
2377	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
2378	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
2379
2380	!
2381	!-- Rotation of force components:
2382	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
2383	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
2384	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
2385	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
2386	) * flag
2387
2388	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
2389	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
2390	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
2391	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
2392	) * flag
2393
2394	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
2395	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
2396	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
2397	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
2398	) * flag
2399
2400	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
2401	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
2402	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
2403	!$OMP END PARALLEL
2404
2405	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
2406
2407	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2408
2409
2410	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
2411	!
2412	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
2413	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
2414	IF ( start_up ) THEN
2415	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
2416	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
2417	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2418	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
2419
2420	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
2421	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
2422	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
2423	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
2424	start_up = .FALSE.
2425	ENDIF
2426
2427	!
2428	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
2429	!--
2430	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
2431	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2432	!
2433	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
2434	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
2435	THEN
2436	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
2437	THEN
2438
2439	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
2440
2441	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
2442	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
2443	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
2444	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
2445	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
2446
2447	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2448
2449	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
2450
2451	ENDIF
2452	ENDIF
2453
2454	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2455
2456	!
2457	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2458	#if defined( __parallel )
2459	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2460	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2461	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
2462	comm2d, ierr )
2463	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
2464	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2465	#else
2466	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
2467	wdir = wdir_l
2468	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
2469
2470
2471	#endif
2472	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2473	!
2474	!-- Update rotor orientation
2475	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
2476
2477	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
2478
2479	ENDIF ! end of yaw control
2480
2481	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
2482	!
2483	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
2484	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
2485	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2486	#if defined( __parallel )
2487	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
2488	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2489	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
2490	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2491	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
2492	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2493	#else
2494	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
2495	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
2496	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
2497	#endif
2498
2499	ENDIF
2500
2501	DO inot = 1, nturbines
2502
2503	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
2504	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
2505	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2506	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2507	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2508	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2509	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2510	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2511	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2512	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2513
2514	ELSE
2515
2516	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
2517	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
2518	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2519	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
2520	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
2521	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
2522	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
2523	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
2524	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
2525	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
2526	thrust_rotor(inot), &
2527	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
2528	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
2529	ENDIF
2530	ENDIF
2531
2532	!-- Set open flag
2533	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
2534	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
2535
2536	ENDIF
2537
2538	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
2539
2540	!
2541	!-- Formats
2542	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
2543	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
2544	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
2545	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
2546	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
2547
2548	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
2549	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
2550
2551
2552	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
2553
2554
2555	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2556	! Description:
2557	! ------------
2558	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
2559	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2560	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
2561
2562	USE kinds
2563
2564	IMPLICIT NONE
2565
2566	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2567	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
2568	REAL(wp) :: missal
2569
2570	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
2571
2572	!
2573	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
2574	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
2575	!-- 5 degrees, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
2576	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5 degrees.
2577	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
2578	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
2579	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
2580	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
2581	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
2582	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
2583	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
2584	!
2585	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
2586	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
2587	!
2588	!-- Write current wind direction into array
2589	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
2590	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
2591	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2592	!
2593	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2594	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
2595
2596	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
2597	!
2598	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
2599	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
2600	!
2601	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
2602	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
2603	!
2604	!-- Start yawing of turbine
2605	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2606	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
2607	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
2608	ENDIF
2609	ENDIF
2610
2611	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
2612
2613	!
2614	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
2615	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
2616	!-- than min_miss
2617
2618	ELSE
2619	!
2620	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
2621	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
2622	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
2623	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
2624	!
2625	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
2626	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
2627	!
2628	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
2629	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
2630	!
2631	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
2632	!-- yaw direction is still right
2633	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
2634	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
2635	!
2636	!-- Continue yawing
2637	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2638	ELSE
2639	!
2640	!-- Stop yawing
2641	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
2642	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
2643	ENDIF
2644	ELSE
2645	!
2646	!-- Continue yawing
2647	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
2648	ENDIF
2649
2650	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
2651
2652	ENDIF
2653
2654	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
2655
2656
2657	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2658	! Description:
2659	! ------------
2660	!> Initialization of the speed control
2661	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2662	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2663
2664
2665	IMPLICIT NONE
2666
2667	!
2668	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
2669	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
2670	!
2671	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
2672	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
2673	!
2674	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
2675	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
2676	!
2677	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
2678	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
2679	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
2680	!
2681	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
2682	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
2683	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
2684	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
2685	!
2686	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
2687	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
2688	!
2689	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
2690	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
2691	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2692	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
2693	ENDIF
2694
2695	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
2696
2697
2698	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2699	! Description:
2700	! ------------
2701	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
2702	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2703	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
2704
2705
2706	IMPLICIT NONE
2707
2708	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
2709
2710
2711
2712	!
2713	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
2714	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
2715	!-- offshore system developement"
2716
2717	!
2718	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
2719	!-- for the control of the generator torque
2720	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
2721	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
2722	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
2723
2724	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
2725	!
2726	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
2727	torque_gen(inot) = 0
2728
2729	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
2730	!
2731	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
2732	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
2733
2734	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
2735	!
2736	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
2737	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
2738	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
2739
2740	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
2741	!
2742	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
2743	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
2744
2745	ELSE
2746	!
2747	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
2748	!-- keep the power constant:
2749	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
2750
2751	ENDIF
2752	!
2753	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
2754	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
2755	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
2756	!
2757	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
2758	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
2759	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
2760	!
2761	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
2762	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
2763
2764
2765	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
2766
2767
2768	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2769	! Description:
2770	! ------------
2771	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2772	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2773	!> Call for all grid points
2774	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2775	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions( location )
2776
2777
2778	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2779
2780	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2781	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2782	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2783
2784
2785	SELECT CASE ( location )
2786
2787	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2788
2789	CALL wtm_forces
2790
2791	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2792	!
2793	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2794	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2795	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2796	DO j = nysg, nyng
2797	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2798	!
2799	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2800	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2801	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2802	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2803	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2804
2805	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2806	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2807	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2808	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2809	ENDDO
2810	ENDDO
2811	ENDDO
2812	ENDIF
2813
2814	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2815	!
2816	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2817	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2818	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2819	DO j = nysg, nyng
2820	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2821	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2822	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2823	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2824	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2825	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2826	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2827	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2828	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2829	ENDDO
2830	ENDDO
2831	ENDDO
2832	ENDIF
2833
2834	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2835	!
2836	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2837	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2838	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2839	DO j = nysg, nyng
2840	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2841	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2842	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2843	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2844	ENDDO
2845	ENDDO
2846	ENDDO
2847	ENDIF
2848
2849
2850	CASE DEFAULT
2851	CONTINUE
2852
2853	END SELECT
2854
2855
2856	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions
2857
2858
2859	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2860	! Description:
2861	! ------------
2862	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
2863	!> flow components (tendency terms)
2864	!> Call for grid point i,j
2865	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2866	SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij( i, j, location )
2867
2868
2869	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: location !<
2870	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2871	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2872	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2873
2874	SELECT CASE ( location )
2875
2876	CASE ( 'before_timestep' )
2877
2878	CALL wtm_forces
2879
2880	CASE ( 'u-tendency' )
2881	!
2882	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
2883	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2884	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2885	!
2886	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
2887	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2888	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2889	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2890	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
2891	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
2892	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
2893	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2894	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
2895	ENDDO
2896	ENDIF
2897
2898	CASE ( 'v-tendency' )
2899	!
2900	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
2901	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2902	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2903	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2904	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2905	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
2906	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
2907	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
2908	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
2909	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2910	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
2911	ENDDO
2912	ENDIF
2913
2914	CASE ( 'w-tendency' )
2915	!
2916	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
2917	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
2918	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
2919	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
2920	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
2921	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
2922	ENDDO
2923	ENDIF
2924
2925
2926	CASE DEFAULT
2927	CONTINUE
2928
2929	END SELECT
2930
2931
2932	END SUBROUTINE wtm_actions_ij
2933
2934	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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