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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2836

Last change on this file since 2836 was 2836, checked in by Giersch, 6 years ago
Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients during initialization, default value of dt_dopr_listing is set to zero to allow header output
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 117.5 KB

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[1820]	1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
[1912]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1819]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1819]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 2009-2018 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
	18	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1912]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	20	!
	21	! Current revisions:
	22	! -----------------
[1913]	23	!
[2233]	24	!
[1913]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2836 2018-02-26 13:40:05Z Giersch $
[2836]	28	! Bugfix in interpolation of lift and drag coefficients on fine grid of radius
	29	! segments and angles of attack, speed-up of the initialization of the wind
	30	! turbine model
	31	!
	32	! 2792 2018-02-07 06:45:29Z Giersch
[2792]	33	! omega_rot_l has to be calculated after determining the indices for the hub in
	34	! case of restart runs
	35	!
	36	! 2776 2018-01-31 10:44:42Z Giersch
[2776]	37	! wind_turbine_prerun flag is used to define if module
	38	! related parameters were outputted as restart data
	39	!
	40	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	41	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	42	!
	43	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	44	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	45	!
	46	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	47	! filename of turbine output changed to WTM_OUTPUT_DATA. File extension now
	48	! includes the nest domain number. Turbine extension changed to "_T##"
	49	!
	50	! 2576 2017-10-24 13:49:46Z Giersch
[2576]	51	! Definition of a new function called wtm_skip_var_list to skip module
	52	! parameters during reading restart data
	53	!
	54	! 2563 2017-10-19 15:36:10Z Giersch
[2563]	55	! Restart runs with wind turbine model are possible now. For this purpose, two
	56	! new subroutines wtm_write_restart_data and wtm_read_restart_data had to be
	57	! defined
	58	!
	59	! 2553 2017-10-18 08:03:45Z Giersch
[2553]	60	! Bugfix of vertical loop in wtm_tendencies to account for different turbine
	61	! heights, bugfix of the interpolation of the u-component concerning the
	62	! vertical index and further small adjustments of the programming style
	63	!
	64	! 2410 2017-09-06 08:16:30Z Giersch
[2410]	65	! Revise error message PA0462
	66	!
	67	! 2349 2017-08-10 15:44:04Z Giersch
[2349]	68	! Add parameter pitch_rate to namelist and revise/add error messages
	69	!
	70	! 2343 2017-08-08 11:28:43Z Giersch
[2341]	71	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
[2323]	72	!
[2343]	73	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
	74	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
	75	!
[2323]	76	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
[2322]	77	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
	78	!
	79	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
[2257]	80	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
[1844]	81	!
[2257]	82	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
	83	!
[2233]	84	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	85	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	86	!
[2153]	87	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
	88	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
	89	! Addition of a tip loss model
	90	!
[2016]	91	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
	92	! Bugfix of pitch control
	93	!
[2001]	94	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	95	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	96	!
[1930]	97	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	98	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
	99	!
[1917]	100	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
[1821]	101	! Initial revision
	102	!
[1819]	103	!
	104	! Description:
	105	! ------------
	106	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
	107	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
	108	!> (ADM-R).
	109	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
	110	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
	111	!> yaw.
	112	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
	113	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
	114	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
	115	!> automatically).
	116	!>
	117	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
	118	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
	119	!> @todo Generate header information
[1917]	120	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
[1819]	121	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
	122	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
	123	!> @todo Include additional output variables
[1864]	124	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
	125	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
	126	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
[1819]	127	!
	128	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	129	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
	130
	131	USE arrays_3d, &
[2553]	132	ONLY: tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[1819]	133
[2553]	134	USE constants, &
	135	ONLY: pi
[1819]	136
	137	USE control_parameters, &
[2669]	138	ONLY: coupling_char, dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time, &
[2776]	139	wind_turbine, wind_turbine_prerun, initializing_actions
[1819]	140
	141	USE cpulog, &
	142	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
	143
	144	USE grid_variables, &
	145	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
	146
	147	USE indices, &
	148	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
[2232]	149	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1819]	150
	151	USE kinds
	152
	153	USE pegrid
	154
	155
	156	IMPLICIT NONE
	157
[1864]	158	PRIVATE
[1819]	159
	160	!
	161	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
	162
[1864]	163	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
[1839]	164	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
[1819]	165
[1839]	166	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
	167	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
	168	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
[2152]	169	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
[1819]	170
[1839]	171	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	172	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	173	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	174	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	175	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
	176	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
[1819]	177
[1912]	178	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
[2553]	179	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.9_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
[1912]	180	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
	181	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
	182	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
	183	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
	184	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
	185	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
	186	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
	187	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
	188	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
[1839]	189
[1819]	190	!
	191	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
	192	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
	193
[1912]	194	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
[1839]	195	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
[2341]	196	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
	197	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
[1839]	198	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
	199	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
	200	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
	201	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
[1912]	202	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
[1839]	203	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
	204	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
	205	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
[1912]	206	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
	207	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
[1839]	208
[1912]	209
[1819]	210	!
	211	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
	212
[1839]	213	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
	214	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
	215	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
	216
[1819]	217	!
	218	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
	219	TYPE file_status
	220	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
	221	END TYPE file_status
	222
[1912]	223	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
	224	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
[1819]	225
	226	!
	227	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
	228
[1839]	229	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	230	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	231	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	232	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
	233	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
	234	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
[1819]	235
[1839]	236	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
[1819]	237
[1912]	238	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
	239	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
	240	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
	241	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
	242	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
	243	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
	244	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
	245	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
[1819]	246
[1912]	247	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
[1819]	248
[1912]	249	!
	250	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
[1864]	251	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
	252	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
[1912]	253	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
[1864]	254	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
[1839]	255	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
	256	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
	257	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
[1819]	258
[1839]	259	!
	260	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
[1912]	261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
	262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
	263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
[1864]	265
[1912]	266	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
	267	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
[1819]	268
[1912]	269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
	270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
[1819]	271
[1912]	272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
	273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
[1819]	274
	275	!
	276	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
[1912]	277
[1839]	278	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
	279	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
	280	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
	281	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
	282	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
	283	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
	284	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
	285	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
	286	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
	287	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
	288	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
[1912]	289	!
	290	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
	291	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
	292	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
	293	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
	294	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
[1819]	295
[1912]	296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
	297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
	298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
	300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
	301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
	302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
	303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
	304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
	305
	306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
	307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
	308
	309	!
	310	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
	311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
	312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
	313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
	314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
	315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
	316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
	317
	318	!
	319	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
	320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
	321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
	322	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
	323
	324	!
	325	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
	326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
	327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
	328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
	329
	330	!
	331	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
	332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
	333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
	334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
	335
	336	!
	337	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
	338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
	339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
	340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
	341	!
	342	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
	343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
	344
[1839]	345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
	346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
	347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
	348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
	349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
	350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
	351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
	352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
	353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
[1819]	354
[1839]	355	!
	356	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
[1819]	357
[1912]	358	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
[1864]	359
[1912]	360	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
	361	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
	362	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
	363	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
	364	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
	365	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
	366	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
	367	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
[1819]	368
[1864]	369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
[2563]	370
[1839]	371	!
	372	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
[1819]	373
[1912]	374	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
	375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
	376	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
	377	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
	378	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
	379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
	380	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
	381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
	382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
	383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
	384	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
	385	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
	386	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
[1819]	387
[2563]	388	!
	389	!-- Variables that have to be saved in the binary file for restarts
	390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add_old = 0.0_wp !< old constant pitch angle
	391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen = 0.0_wp !< curr. generator speed
	392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f = 0.0_wp !< filtered generator speed
	393	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator speed
	394	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_gen_f_old = 0.0_wp !< last filtered generator speed
	395	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen = 0.0_wp !< generator torque
	396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: torque_gen_old = 0.0_wp !< last generator torque
[1819]	397
[2563]	398
[1839]	399	SAVE
[1819]	400
[1839]	401
	402	INTERFACE wtm_parin
	403	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
	404	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
[2563]	405
[2576]	406	INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
	407	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_skip_var_list
	408	END INTERFACE wtm_skip_var_list
	409
[2563]	410	INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
	411	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_write_restart_data
	412	END INTERFACE wtm_write_restart_data
	413
	414	INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
	415	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_restart_data
	416	END INTERFACE wtm_read_restart_data
[1912]	417
	418	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
	419	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
	420	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
[1839]	421
	422	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	423	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
	424	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	425
	426	INTERFACE wtm_init
	427	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
	428	END INTERFACE wtm_init
	429
[1912]	430	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
	431	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
	432	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	433
[1819]	434	INTERFACE wtm_forces
	435	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
[2553]	436	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
	437
	438	INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
[1839]	439	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
[2553]	440	END INTERFACE wtm_yawcontrol
[1864]	441
	442	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	443	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
	444	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	445
	446	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
	447	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
	448	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
	449	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
[1819]	450
	451	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
	452	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
	453	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
	454	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
[1864]	455
	456
[1912]	457	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
[2576]	458	wtm_parin, wtm_write_restart_data, wtm_tendencies, wtm_skip_var_list
[1819]	459
[2563]	460
[1819]	461	CONTAINS
	462
	463
	464	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	465	! Description:
	466	! ------------
[1839]	467	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
[1819]	468	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	469	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
[1819]	470
	471
	472	IMPLICIT NONE
[1912]	473
	474	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
[1819]	475
[1839]	476	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	477
	478	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
[1864]	479	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
[1839]	480	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
[1864]	481	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
[1912]	482	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
[1839]	483	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	484	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
[1864]	485	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[2349]	486	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, pitch_rate, &
[2152]	487	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[1839]	488
[1819]	489	!
[1839]	490	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
	491	REWIND ( 11 )
	492	line = ' '
	493	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
	494	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	495	ENDDO
	496	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	497
	498	!
	499	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[1912]	500	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[2349]	501
[1912]	502	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
[2349]	503	message_string = 'no wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST found: ' // &
	504	'End of file has reached'
[2322]	505	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2349]	506	ELSEIF ( ierrn > 0 ) THEN
	507	message_string = 'errors in wind_turbine_par-NAMELIST: ' // &
	508	'some variables for steering may not be properly set'
	509	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0466', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	510	ENDIF
	511
[1839]	512	!
	513	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	514	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	515
[2563]	516	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	517	CALL wtm_read_restart_data
	518	ENDIF
	519
[1912]	520	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
[1839]	521
	522
	523	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
	524
[2563]	525
	526	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	527	! Description:
	528	! ------------
[2576]	529	!> Skipping the wind turbine module variables from restart-file (binary format).
	530	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	531	SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
	532
	533	IMPLICIT NONE
	534
	535	CHARACTER (LEN=1) :: cdum
	536	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr
	537
	538	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
	539
	540	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
	541
	542	READ ( 13 ) cdum
	543	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
	544
	545	ENDDO
	546
	547	END SUBROUTINE wtm_skip_var_list
	548
	549
	550	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	551	! Description:
	552	! ------------
[2563]	553	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
	554	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	555	SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
	556
	557	IMPLICIT NONE
[2776]	558
	559	wind_turbine_prerun = .TRUE.
[2563]	560
	561	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen '
	562	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen
	563	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f '
	564	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f
	565	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_f_old '
	566	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_f_old
	567	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_gen_old '
	568	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_gen_old
	569	WRITE ( 14 ) 'omega_rot '
	570	WRITE ( 14 ) omega_rot
	571	WRITE ( 14 ) 'phi_yaw '
	572	WRITE ( 14 ) phi_yaw(:)
	573	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add '
	574	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add
	575	WRITE ( 14 ) 'pitch_add_old '
	576	WRITE ( 14 ) pitch_add_old
	577	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen '
	578	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen
	579	WRITE ( 14 ) 'torque_gen_old '
	580	WRITE ( 14 ) torque_gen_old
[2776]	581	WRITE ( 14 ) 'wind_turbine_prerun '
	582	WRITE ( 14 ) wind_turbine_prerun
[2563]	583
	584	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end wtm * '
	585
	586	END SUBROUTINE wtm_write_restart_data
	587
	588
	589	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	590	! Description:
	591	! ------------
	592	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
	593	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	594	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
	595
	596
	597	IMPLICIT NONE
	598
	599	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: variable_chr !< dummy variable to read string
	600
	601
	602	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
	603	DO WHILE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) /= '* end wtm *' )
	604
	605	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable_chr ) )
	606
	607	CASE ( 'omega_gen' )
	608	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen
	609	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f' )
	610	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f
[2576]	611	CASE ( 'omega_gen_f_old' )
	612	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_f_old
[2563]	613	CASE ( 'omega_gen_old' )
	614	READ ( 13 ) omega_gen_old
	615	CASE ( 'omega_rot' )
	616	READ ( 13 ) omega_rot
	617	CASE ( 'phi_yaw' )
	618	READ ( 13 ) phi_yaw
	619	CASE ( 'pitch_add' )
	620	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add
	621	CASE ( 'pitch_add_old' )
	622	READ ( 13 ) pitch_add_old
	623	CASE ( 'torque_gen' )
	624	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen
	625	CASE ( 'torque_gen_old' )
	626	READ ( 13 ) torque_gen_old
[2776]	627	CASE ( 'wind_turbine_prerun' )
	628	READ ( 13 ) wind_turbine_prerun
[2563]	629
	630	END SELECT
[2576]	631
[2563]	632	READ ( 13 ) variable_chr
	633
	634	ENDDO
	635
	636	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_restart_data
	637
	638
	639	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	640	! Description:
	641	! ------------
	642	!> Check namelist parameter
	643	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	644	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	645
	646
	647	IMPLICIT NONE
	648
	649	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
	650	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
	651	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
[2322]	652	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	653	ENDIF
	654
[2322]	655	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
	656	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
[2792]	657	'a value equal or larger than zero'
[2322]	658	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	659	ENDIF
	660
	661
	662	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	663	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	664	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	665
	666	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
	667	'have to be given for each turbine.'
[2322]	668	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	669
	670	ENDIF
	671
	672
	673	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	674
	675
[1839]	676	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	677	! Description:
	678	! ------------
	679	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
	680	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	681	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
	682
	683
	684	IMPLICIT NONE
	685
[1864]	686	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
	687	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
	688
[1839]	689	!
	690	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
[1819]	691	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
	692
	693	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
	694	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
	695
	696	nrings(:) = 0
	697	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
	698
	699	!
	700	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
	701	delta_r_factor = segment_width
	702	delta_t_factor = segment_length
	703	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	704
	705	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	706	!
	707	!-- Determine number of rings:
	708	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
	709
	710	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
	711
	712	ENDDO
	713
	714	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
	715
	716	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
	717	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
	718
	719	nsegs(:,:) = 0
	720	nsegs_total(:) = 0
	721
	722
	723	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	724	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	725	!
	726	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
[1839]	727	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
	728	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
	729	delta_t_factor ) )
[1819]	730	ENDDO
	731	!
	732	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
[1839]	733	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
[1819]	734
	735	ENDDO
	736
	737	!
	738	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
	739	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
	740
[1864]	741	!!
	742	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
	743	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	744	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
	745	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	746	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
	747	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	748	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
	749	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
	750	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
	751	! ENDIF
[1819]	752
	753
	754	!
	755	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
	756	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
	757	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
	758	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
	759	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
	760	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
	761	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
	762	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	763	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	764
	765	!
	766	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
	767	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
	768	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
	769	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
	770	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
	771	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
	772	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
	773
	774	!
	775	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	776	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
	777	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
	778	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
	779	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
	780	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
	781	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
[1839]	782	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
	783	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
[1819]	784	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
	785	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
	786
	787	!
	788	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
	789	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	790	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	791	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	792	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	793	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	794	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	795
	796	!
	797	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
	798	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	799	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	800	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	801
	802	!
	803	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
[1912]	804	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	805	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	806	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	807	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	808	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	809	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	810	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1912]	811	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	812
	813	!
	814	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
	815	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	816	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	817	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	818	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	819	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	820	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	821
	822	!
	823	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
	824	i_hub(:) = 0
	825	i_smear(:) = 0
	826	j_hub(:) = 0
	827	j_smear(:) = 0
	828	k_hub(:) = 0
	829	k_smear(:) = 0
[1912]	830
[1819]	831	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	832	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	833
[2563]	834	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	835	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	836	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	837	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
	838	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	839	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	840	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	841	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	842	ENDIF
	843
[1819]	844	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	845	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	846	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
	847
	848	!
	849	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	850	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
	851	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
	852	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
	853	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	854	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	855	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	856	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
	857	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	858	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
	859	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
	860
	861	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	862	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	863	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	864	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	865	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	866	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	867
	868	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	869	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	870	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	871
[1912]	872	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	873	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	874	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	875	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	876	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	877	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	878	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	879	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	880
	881	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	882	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	883	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	884	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	885	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	886	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	887
	888
[1839]	889	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
[1819]	890
	891
	892	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	893	! Description:
	894	! ------------
[1839]	895	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
[1819]	896	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	897	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
[1819]	898
[1839]	899
[1819]	900	IMPLICIT NONE
	901
	902	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	903	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	904	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1864]	905
[1819]	906	!
[1864]	907	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
	908	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
	909
[1839]	910	!
[1864]	911	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
	912	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
	913	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
[1839]	914	!
[1864]	915	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
	916	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
	917	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
	918
	919	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
	920	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
	921	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
	922
	923	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
	924
	925	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
	926	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
	927	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
	928	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
	929
	930	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
	931	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
	932	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
	933	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	934
[1839]	935	!
[1819]	936	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	937	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
	938	!-- (smearing of the forces)
[1819]	939	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	940	!
[1839]	941	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
	942	!-- be calculated:
[1819]	943
[1839]	944	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
	945	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
[1819]	946	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
	947	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
	948	!
[1839]	949	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
	950	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
	951	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
	952	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
	953	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
[1819]	954	!
	955	!-- Square of eps_min:
	956	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
	957	!
	958	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
[1864]	959	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
	960	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
[1819]	961	!
[1839]	962	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
	963	!-- function:
	964	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
	965
[1864]	966	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
	967	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
	968
[1819]	969	!
[1864]	970	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
[2563]	971	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	972	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
	973	ENDIF
[1819]	974
[1864]	975
[1819]	976	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	977	!
[1864]	978	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
	979	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	980
	981	!
	982	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
	983	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
	984	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	985	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
	986
	987	!
	988	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
[1839]	989	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
	990	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
	991	!-- function of eps_min:
[1819]	992	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
	993	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
	994	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
[1864]	995
[1819]	996	ENDDO
	997
	998	!
[2792]	999	!-- Call the wtm_init_speed_control subroutine and calculate the local
	1000	!-- omega_rot for the respective processor.
	1001	IF ( speed_control) THEN
	1002
	1003	CALL wtm_speed_control
	1004
	1005	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	1006
	1007	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1008
	1009	IF ( nxl > i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1010	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1011	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1012	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1013	ENDIF
	1014
	1015	IF ( nxr < i_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1016	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1017	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1018	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1019	ENDIF
	1020
	1021	IF ( nys > j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1022	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1023	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1024	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1025	ENDIF
	1026
	1027	IF ( nyn < j_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1028	torque_gen(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1029	omega_gen_f(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1030	omega_rot_l(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1031	ENDIF
	1032
	1033	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	1034	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) ) THEN
	1035
	1036	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
	1037
	1038	ENDIF
	1039	ENDIF
	1040
	1041	END DO
	1042
	1043	ENDIF
	1044
	1045	ENDIF
	1046
	1047	!
[1819]	1048	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	1049	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
	1050	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
[1819]	1051	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1052	!
	1053	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
	1054	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
	1055
	1056	!
	1057	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
	1058	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
	1059	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
	1060
	1061	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
[1839]	1062
	1063	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1064
[1839]	1065
	1066	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
[1819]	1067	!
[1839]	1068	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
	1069	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
	1070	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
[1819]	1071	i = i_hub(inot)
	1072
	1073	!
[1839]	1074	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1075	!-- grid point indices):
[1819]	1076	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1077	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	1078	!
[1839]	1079	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	1080	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
	1081	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
	1082	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
	1083	!-- in grid box 1.
[1819]	1084	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	1085	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	1086
	1087	!
	1088	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
[1864]	1089	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
[1819]	1090	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1091	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	1092
	1093	!
	1094	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
[1864]	1095	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
[1839]	1096	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1819]	1097
	1098	DO j = nys, nyn
	1099	!
[1839]	1100	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
	1101	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
	1102
[1819]	1103	DO k = nzb, nzt
	1104
	1105	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1106	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
[1839]	1107	!
[1819]	1108	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1109	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	1110	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	1111	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	1112	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1113	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1114	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1115	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	1116	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	1117	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	1118	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1119	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	1120	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1121	!
	1122	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1123	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1124	ELSE
[1912]	1125	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	1126	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
	1127	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1128	ENDIF
	1129	!
	1130	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1131	ELSE
[1912]	1132	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[1839]	1133	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
[1912]	1134	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1135	ENDIF
[1839]	1136	!
	1137	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
	1138	!-- are carried out:
[1819]	1139	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	1140
[1839]	1141	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
	1142	!
[1819]	1143	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	1144	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	1145	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	1146	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	1147	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
[1912]	1148	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1149	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	1150	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	1151	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	1152	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
[1912]	1153	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1154	!
	1155	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	1156	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	1157	ELSE
[1912]	1158	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	1159	ENDIF
[1839]	1160	!
[1819]	1161	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	1162	ELSE
[1912]	1163	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
	1164	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	1165	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
	1166
	1167	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
	1168
	1169	ENDDO ! end loop over k
	1170
	1171	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
	1172
	1173	ENDDO ! end loop over j
	1174
	1175	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
[1819]	1176
[1839]	1177
[1912]	1178	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
[1819]	1179
[1839]	1180	!
[1864]	1181	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
	1182	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
	1183	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
	1184	!!
	1185	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
	1186	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
	1187	!!-- circle_points in the following):
	1188	!
	1189	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
	1190	!
	1191	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
	1192	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
	1193	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
	1194	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1195	!!
	1196	!!-- bottom intersection point
	1197	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
	1198	!!
	1199	!!-- top intersection point
	1200	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
	1201	! ELSE
	1202	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
	1203	! ENDIF
	1204	! ENDDO
	1205	!
	1206	!
	1207	! DO j = nys, nyn
	1208	!!
	1209	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
	1210	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
	1211	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
[1912]	1212	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1213	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
	1214	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1215	!!
	1216	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
	1217	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
	1218	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
[1912]	1219	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	1220	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
	1221	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
	1222	!!
	1223	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
	1224	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
	1225	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
	1226	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
	1227	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
	1228	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
	1229	! dz_int = dz
	1230	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
	1231	!!
	1232	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
	1233	!!-- within the current grid box:
	1234	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1235	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1236	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
	1237	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
	1238	! ENDIF
	1239	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1240	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1241	! dz_int = dz_int - &
	1242	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
	1243	! ENDIF
	1244	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
	1245	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1246	! ENDIF
	1247	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
	1248	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1249	! ENDIF
	1250	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1912]	1251	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
	1252	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
[1864]	1253	! ENDIF
	1254	! ENDDO
	1255	! ENDIF
	1256	! ENDDO
	1257	! ENDIF
[1819]	1258	!
[1864]	1259	! ENDDO
[1819]	1260	!
[1912]	1261	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
[1819]	1262
[1864]	1263	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
[1819]	1264
[1912]	1265	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
	1266	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
[1819]	1267
[1912]	1268	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	1269
[1864]	1270	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
	1271
	1272
[1819]	1273	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1864]	1274	! Description:
	1275	! ------------
	1276	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
	1277	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
[1819]	1278	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	1279	!
	1280	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1281
[1839]	1282
[1864]	1283	IMPLICIT NONE
	1284
	1285	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
	1286	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
[1843]	1287
[1864]	1288	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
	1289
	1290	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
[1839]	1291
[1864]	1292	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
	1293	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
	1294	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
	1295	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
	1296	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
	1297	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
	1298	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
	1299	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
	1300	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
	1301	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
[1839]	1302
[1864]	1303	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
	1304	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
	1305	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
[1839]	1306
[1864]	1307	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
	1308	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
[1839]	1309
[1864]	1310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
	1311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
	1312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
	1313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
	1314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
[1839]	1315
[1864]	1316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
	1317	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
	1318	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
	1319	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
	1320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
[1839]	1321
[1864]	1322	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
[1839]	1323
[1864]	1324	!
	1325	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
	1326	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
	1327
[2323]	1328	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1329
	1330	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
	1331	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
[2322]	1332	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1864]	1333	ENDIF
	1334	!
	1335	!-- Read distribution table:
	1336
	1337	dlen = 0
	1338
[2323]	1339	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1340
	1341	rloop3: DO
[2323]	1342	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1343	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
	1344	dlen = dlen + 1
	1345	ENDDO rloop3
	1346
	1347	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
	1348
	1349	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1350	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1351	ENDDO
	1352
	1353	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1354	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
[1864]	1355	ENDDO
	1356
	1357	!
	1358	!-- Read layout table:
	1359
[1839]	1360	dlen = 0
[1864]	1361
[2323]	1362	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
[1864]	1363
[1843]	1364	rloop1: DO
[2323]	1365	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1366	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
	1367	dlen = dlen + 1
[1843]	1368	ENDDO rloop1
[1864]	1369
[1839]	1370	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
[1864]	1371	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
[2323]	1372	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1373	ENDDO
	1374	DO jj = 1, dlen
[2323]	1375	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
[1839]	1376	ENDDO
[1819]	1377
[1864]	1378	!
	1379	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
[1819]	1380
[1864]	1381	dlen = 0
	1382
[2323]	1383	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1384
[1843]	1385	rloop2: DO
[2323]	1386	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1387	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
	1388	dlen = dlen + 1
	1389	ENDDO rloop2
	1390
[1912]	1391	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
[1864]	1392	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
	1393
	1394	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1395	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1396	ENDDO
	1397
[1839]	1398	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1399	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
[1864]	1400	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
	1401	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
	1402	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
	1403	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
[1819]	1404	ENDDO
[1864]	1405
[1839]	1406	ENDDO
[1864]	1407
	1408	dlenbl = dlen
	1409
[2323]	1410	CLOSE ( 90 )
[1819]	1411
[1864]	1412	!
[2836]	1413	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 631 values if rr(1)=63m)
	1414	!-- and each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.1 degrees --> 3601 values!)
[1864]	1415	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
	1416	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
	1417	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
[1839]	1418
[2836]	1419	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
	1420	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
	1421	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(1:dlenbl) )
	1422	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(1:dlenbl) )
[1819]	1423
[1864]	1424	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
	1425	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
[1839]	1426
[2836]	1427	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1428	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(1:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
[1864]	1429
[2836]	1430	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
[1864]	1431
[2836]	1432	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
	1433	!
	1434	!-- Find position in table 1
	1435	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
	1436	! lct(1) = lct(1)
[1864]	1437
[2836]	1438	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
	1439	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
	1440	ENDIF
[1864]	1441
[2836]	1442	trow = lct(1)
	1443	!
	1444	!-- Calculate weights for radius interpolation
	1445	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1446	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1447	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
	1448	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
[1864]	1449
[2836]	1450	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
	1451	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
	1452	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
	1453	ENDIF
	1454
	1455	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
	1456	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1457	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1458	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1459	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1460
	1461	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values
	1462	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = 0.0_wp ! for each radius has to be set
	1463	! explicitly
	1464	ELSE
	1465	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
	1466	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
	1467	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
	1468	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
	1469	!
	1470	!-- For -180Â° (iialpha=1) the values for each radius has to be set
	1471	!-- explicitly
	1472	turb_cd_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cd_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
	1473	* turb_cd_table(1,t2) )
	1474	turb_cl_tab(1,iir) = ( weight_a * turb_cl_table(1,t1) + weight_b &
	1475	* turb_cl_table(1,t2) )
	1476	ENDIF
	1477
	1478	DO iialpha = 2, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
	1479
[1864]	1480	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
	1481	ialpha = 1
[2836]	1482
[2152]	1483	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
[1864]	1484	ialpha = ialpha + 1
	1485	ENDDO
[1819]	1486
[1864]	1487	!
[1912]	1488	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
	1489	!-- segments and angles of attack
	1490	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1491	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1492	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1493	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1494	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1495	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1496	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1497	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1498	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1499	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1500	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1501	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
[1912]	1502	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1503	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1504	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1505	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1506	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1507	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1508	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1509	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1510	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1511	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1512	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1513	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
[2836]	1514
[1912]	1515	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
[2836]	1516
	1517	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
[1819]	1518
[2836]	1519
[1912]	1520	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1521
	1522
[1864]	1523	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1524	! Description:
	1525	! ------------
	1526	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
	1527	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
	1528	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1529	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1530
[1864]	1531
	1532	IMPLICIT NONE
	1533
	1534	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	1535	!
	1536	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
	1537	!-- the rotors
	1538	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
	1539	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
	1540	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
	1541
	1542	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1543	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1544	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1545
	1546	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
	1547	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
	1548	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
[1839]	1549
[1864]	1550	!
	1551	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
	1552	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
[1819]	1553
[1912]	1554	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
[1864]	1555	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1556	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1557	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1558	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1559	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1560	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1561	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1562	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1563	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1564	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1565	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
[1864]	1566	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1567	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1568	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1569	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1570	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1571	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1572	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1573	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1574	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1575	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1576	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
[1864]	1577	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1839]	1578
[1864]	1579	!
	1580	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
	1581	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
	1582	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
	1583	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
	1584	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
	1585
	1586	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
[1839]	1587
	1588
[1819]	1589	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1590	! Description:
	1591	! ------------
[1839]	1592	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
[1819]	1593	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1594	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	1595
[1864]	1596
[1819]	1597	IMPLICIT NONE
	1598
[2669]	1599	CHARACTER (LEN=4) :: turbine_id
[1819]	1600
[1839]	1601	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
	1602	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	1603	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
	1604	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
	1605	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
	1606	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
[1912]	1607
[2232]	1608	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
[1839]	1609	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
	1610	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
[1912]	1611
	1612	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
	1613	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
	1614
	1615	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
	1616
	1617
[1839]	1618	!
[1819]	1619	! Variables for pitch control
	1620	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
[1839]	1621	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
	1622
[1819]	1623	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
[1839]	1624	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
[2152]	1625
	1626	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
[1819]	1627
	1628
[1864]	1629	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
[1819]	1630
	1631
	1632	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
	1633
[1864]	1634	!
[1819]	1635	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
	1636	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1637	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1638	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1639	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1640	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1641	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1642	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1643	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1644	!
	1645	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	1646	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1647
	1648	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1649	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1650	!
[1839]	1651	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1652	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1653
	1654	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	1655	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	1656	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
	1657	!
	1658	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1659	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
	1660
	1661	!
[1839]	1662	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1663	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1664	!
[1864]	1665	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1666	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
	1667	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1668	!
[1864]	1669	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1670	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1671	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1672	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1673	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
	1674	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
	1675
[1864]	1676	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1677	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1678	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
[1839]	1679	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
[1819]	1680	re(3) = sin_rot
	1681
	1682	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1683	!
	1684	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1685	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1686	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1687	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1688
[1864]	1689	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1690	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
	1691	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
	1692	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
	1693	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1694
	1695	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1696	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1697
	1698	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1699	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1700
	1701	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1702	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1703
	1704	!
	1705	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
	1706
	1707	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
	1708	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[2553]	1709	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
[1819]	1710	!
[1864]	1711	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1712	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1713	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1714	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1715
[1839]	1716	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1717	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1718	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1719	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1720	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1721	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1722	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1723	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1724	gg = dx * dy
	1725
[1864]	1726	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1727	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1728	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1729	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1730	) / gg
	1731
[1864]	1732	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1733	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1734	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1735	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1736	) / gg
	1737
[1864]	1738	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
	1739	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1740	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
	1741
	1742	ELSE
	1743	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1744	ENDIF
	1745	ELSE
	1746	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1747	ENDIF
	1748
	1749
	1750	!
	1751	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
	1752	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[1839]	1753	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
[1819]	1754	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1755	!
[1864]	1756	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1757	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1758	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1759	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1760
[1839]	1761	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1762	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1763	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1764	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1765	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1766	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
	1767	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1768	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
[1819]	1769	gg = dx * dy
	1770
[1864]	1771	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1772	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1773	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1774	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1775	) / gg
	1776
[1864]	1777	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1778	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1779	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1780	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1781	) / gg
	1782
[1864]	1783	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
	1784	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1785	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
	1786
	1787	ELSE
	1788	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1789	ENDIF
	1790	ELSE
	1791	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1792	ENDIF
	1793
	1794
	1795	!
	1796	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
	1797	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	1798	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[1839]	1799	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
[1819]	1800	!
[1864]	1801	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1802	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1803	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1804	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1805
[1839]	1806	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1807	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1808	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1809	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1810	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1811	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1812	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1813	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1814	gg = dx * dy
	1815
[1864]	1816	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1817	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1818	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1819	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1820	) / gg
	1821
[1864]	1822	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1823	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1824	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1825	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1826	) / gg
	1827
[1864]	1828	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
	1829	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1830	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
	1831	ELSE
	1832	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1833	ENDIF
	1834	ELSE
	1835	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1836	ENDIF
	1837
	1838	ENDDO
	1839	ENDDO
	1840
	1841	ENDDO
	1842
	1843	!
	1844	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
	1845	#if defined( __parallel )
[1839]	1846	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1847	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1848	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1849	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1850	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1851	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1819]	1852	#else
	1853	u_int = u_int_1_l
	1854	v_int = v_int_1_l
	1855	w_int = w_int_1_l
	1856	#endif
	1857
	1858
	1859	!
	1860	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
[1912]	1861
[1819]	1862	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1912]	1863	pit_loop: DO
[1819]	1864
[1912]	1865	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
[1839]	1866	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1867	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1868	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
	1869	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
	1870	ELSE
	1871	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1872	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1873	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
	1874	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
	1875	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
	1876	ENDIF
[1819]	1877	ENDIF
	1878
[1839]	1879	!
	1880	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1881	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1882	!
	1883	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1884	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
[1839]	1885	!
	1886	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1887	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1888	!
[1839]	1889	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1890	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1891	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1892	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1893	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
	1894	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
	1895	!
[1839]	1896	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1897	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1898	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
	1899	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
	1900	re(3) = sin_rot
	1901
[1864]	1902	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
[1819]	1903	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
	1904	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
	1905	rea(3) = cos_rot
	1906
	1907	!
[1864]	1908	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
	1909	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
	1910	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
[1819]	1911	ren(1) = cos_yaw
	1912	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
	1913	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
	1914	!
	1915	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
[1864]	1916	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
	1917	!-- tilt:
[1819]	1918	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1919	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
	1920	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
	1921	!
	1922	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1923	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1924
	1925	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1926
	1927	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1928
	1929	!
[1864]	1930	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1931	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
	1932	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1933	!
[1864]	1934	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
[2553]	1935	!-- components perpendicular and parallel to the rotor area
[1819]	1936	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
	1937	!-- coordinates y' and z.
	1938	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
	1939	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
[1864]	1940	!
	1941	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
	1942	!
[1819]	1943	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
[1864]	1944	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
	1945	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
[1819]	1946	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
	1947	!
[1864]	1948	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
	1949	!-- direction:
	1950	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
	1951	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
[1819]	1952	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
	1953	!
[1864]	1954	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
	1955	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
[1819]	1956
[1864]	1957	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
	1958	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1959	vtheta(rseg) ) )
	1960
	1961	!
[1864]	1962	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
	1963	!-- to the current radial position:
[1819]	1964
	1965	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
	1966	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
	1967
	1968	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1969	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1970	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
[1864]	1971	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
	1972	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1973	ELSE
[1864]	1974	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
	1975	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1976	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
	1977	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
	1978	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1979	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1980	ENDIF
	1981
	1982	!
[1864]	1983	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
	1984	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
	1985	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
	1986	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1987	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1988	!
[1864]	1989	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
	1990	!-- angle of attack:
[1819]	1991	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
	1992	!
[1864]	1993	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
	1994	!-- to angles given in degree:
	1995	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1996	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
	1997	!
[1864]	1998	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
[2015]	1999	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
[1819]	2000
	2001	!
[1864]	2002	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
	2003	!-- to the rotor:
[1912]	2004	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
	2005	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	2006	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
	2007
	2008	!
[1864]	2009	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	2010	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
	2011	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
	2012	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	2013
	2014	!
[1864]	2015	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
	2016	!-- the current radial position:
[1819]	2017
	2018	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	2019	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	2020	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
[1864]	2021	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	2022	ELSE
[1864]	2023	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
	2024	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	2025	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
	2026	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
	2027	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	2028	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	2029	ENDIF
	2030
	2031	!
	2032	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
[1864]	2033	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
[2836]	2034	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 1, +180.0 degrees = 3601,
	2035	!-- so one index every 0.1 degrees):
[1864]	2036	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
[2836]	2037	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) ) + 1.0_wp
[1819]	2038	!
	2039	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
[1864]	2040	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	2041	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
[1819]	2042	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
	2043	!
[1864]	2044	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
	2045	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
[1839]	2046	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
	2047	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
[1819]	2048
	2049	!
[1864]	2050	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
	2051	!-- angles given in radian:
	2052	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	2053	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	2054
[2152]	2055	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
	2056
	2057	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
	2058	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
	2059	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
	2060	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
	2061	!--
	2062	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
	2063	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
	2064	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
	2065
	2066	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
	2067
	2068	END IF
[1819]	2069	!
	2070	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2071	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
	2072	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	2073
	2074	!
[1864]	2075	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
[1819]	2076
	2077	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
	2078	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
	2079
	2080	!
[1864]	2081	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
	2082	!-- for each ring segment:
	2083	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
	2084	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
	2085	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2086
	2087	!
[1864]	2088	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
	2089	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
	2090	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
	2091	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
	2092	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
	2093	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
[1839]	2094	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	2095	!
	2096	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
[1864]	2097	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
	2098	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
[1819]	2099
	2100	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
	2101	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
	2102
[1912]	2103	!
	2104	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
	2105	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
	2106	thrust_seg(rseg)
	2107
	2108
[1819]	2109	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
	2110
[1864]	2111	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
[1819]	2112
	2113	!
[1864]	2114	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
	2115	!-- each ring:
[1819]	2116	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
	2117	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
	2118	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
	2119
	2120
[1864]	2121	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
[1819]	2122
	2123
[1864]	2124	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
[1819]	2125
[1912]	2126
	2127	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2128	!
	2129	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
	2130
	2131	!
	2132	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
	2133	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
	2134	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
	2135	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
	2136	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
	2137	( inertia_rot + &
	2138	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
[1819]	2139
[1912]	2140	!
	2141	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
	2142	!-- and rotor speed
	2143	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
	2144
	2145	ENDIF
	2146
[1864]	2147	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
[1819]	2148
[1912]	2149	!
	2150	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
	2151	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
	2152	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
	2153	!-- gain
	2154	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
	2155	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
	2156	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
	2157	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
[1864]	2158	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
[1912]	2159	!
	2160	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
	2161	CYCLE pit_loop
[1819]	2162	ENDIF
[1912]	2163
	2164	!
	2165	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
	2166	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
[1864]	2167	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1819]	2168	ENDIF
[1912]	2169	EXIT pit_loop
	2170	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
[1819]	2171
[1864]	2172
[1819]	2173	!
[1864]	2174	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
	2175
[1819]	2176	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2177	!
[1864]	2178	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2179	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2180	THEN
	2181	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2182	THEN
[1864]	2183	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2184	ENDIF
[1912]	2185	ENDIF
[1864]	2186
[1819]	2187	ENDIF
	2188
	2189
[1864]	2190	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
[1819]	2191
[1864]	2192	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
[1819]	2193
	2194
[1864]	2195	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
	2196	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
	2197	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
	2198	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	2199	!
[1864]	2200	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
	2201	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
[1819]	2202	!
	2203	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
[1864]	2204	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
	2205	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
	2206	!-- consideration
[1819]	2207	!
[1864]	2208	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
	2209	!-- of the model domain:
[1819]	2210	!
	2211	!--
	2212	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
[1864]	2213	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
	2214	eps_min ) / dx )
	2215	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
	2216	eps_min ) / dy )
[1819]	2217
[1864]	2218	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2219	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
[1864]	2220	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	2221	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
[2232]	2222	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
	2223	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
	2224	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
[1819]	2225	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	2226	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	2227	!
[2232]	2228	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
	2229	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	2230
	2231	!
[1819]	2232	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
	2233	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
[1864]	2234	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2235	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2236	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2237	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2238	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2239	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2240	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2241	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2242	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1819]	2243
	2244	!
	2245	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
	2246	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
	2247	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
	2248	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
	2249	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
	2250	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2251	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
	2252	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
	2253	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2254	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
	2255	flag
[1819]	2256	ENDIF
	2257	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2258	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
	2259	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
	2260	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2261	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2262	flag
[1819]	2263	ENDIF
	2264	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2265	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
	2266	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
	2267	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2268	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2269	flag
[1819]	2270	ENDIF
	2271
	2272	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
	2273	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
	2274
	2275	!
	2276	!-- Rotation of force components:
[2232]	2277	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2278	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
	2279	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
[2232]	2280	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
	2281	) * flag
[1819]	2282
[2232]	2283	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2284	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
	2285	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
[2232]	2286	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
	2287	) * flag
[1819]	2288
[2232]	2289	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2290	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
	2291	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
[2232]	2292	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
	2293	) * flag
[1819]	2294
	2295	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
	2296	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
	2297	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
	2298
[1864]	2299	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
[1819]	2300
[1912]	2301	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2302
	2303
	2304	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
	2305	!
	2306	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
	2307	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
	2308	IF ( start_up ) THEN
[1864]	2309	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
[1819]	2310	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
[1912]	2311	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2312	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
	2313
[1864]	2314	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
[1819]	2315	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
[1912]	2316	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2317	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
	2318	start_up = .FALSE.
	2319	ENDIF
	2320
	2321	!
	2322	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
	2323	!--
	2324	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	2325	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2326	!
	2327	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2328	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2329	THEN
	2330	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2331	THEN
[1864]	2332
[1819]	2333	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
[1864]	2334
[1912]	2335	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
	2336	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
	2337	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
	2338	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
	2339	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
[1864]	2340
	2341	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2342
[1819]	2343	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
[2015]	2344
[1819]	2345	ENDIF
	2346	ENDIF
	2347
[1864]	2348	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
	2349
	2350	!
[1929]	2351	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
	2352	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2353	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2354	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2355	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2356	comm2d, ierr )
	2357	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2358	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2359	#else
	2360	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
	2361	wdir = wdir_l
	2362	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
[2015]	2363
	2364
[1929]	2365	#endif
[1819]	2366	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1864]	2367	!
	2368	!-- Update rotor orientation
	2369	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	2370
	2371	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
	2372
[2152]	2373	END IF ! end of yaw control
[1864]	2374
	2375	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2376	!
	2377	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
[1912]	2378	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2379	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2380	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2381	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2382	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2383	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
	2384	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1912]	2385	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
	2386	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2387	#else
	2388	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
	2389	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
	2390	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
	2391	#endif
[1864]	2392
	2393	ENDIF
[1819]	2394
	2395	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2396
	2397	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	2398	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
	2399	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2400	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2401	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2402	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2403	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2404	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2405	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2406	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1912]	2407
[1819]	2408	ELSE
	2409
[2669]	2410	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(A2,I2.2)') '_T', inot
	2411	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'WTM_OUTPUT_DATA' // &
	2412	TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
	2413	turbine_id ), FORM='FORMATTED' )
[1819]	2414	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
	2415	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2416	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2417	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2418	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2419	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2420	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2421	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2422	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1819]	2423	ENDIF
	2424	ENDIF
	2425
[1912]	2426	!-- Set open flag
[1819]	2427	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
[1864]	2428	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2429
	2430	ENDIF
	2431
[1864]	2432	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
[1819]	2433
[1912]	2434	!
	2435	!-- Formats
[1819]	2436	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
	2437	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
	2438	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
[1912]	2439	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
	2440	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
[1819]	2441
[1864]	2442	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
	2443	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
[1819]	2444
	2445
	2446	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	2447
	2448
[1839]	2449	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2450	! Description:
	2451	! ------------
	2452	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
	2453	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2454	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2455
[1819]	2456	USE kinds
[1839]	2457
	2458	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	2459
	2460	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2461	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
	2462	REAL(wp) :: missal
	2463
	2464	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
	2465
	2466	!
[1864]	2467	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
	2468	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
	2469	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
	2470	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
	2471	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
	2472	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
	2473	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
	2474	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
	2475	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
	2476	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
	2477	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
	2478	!
	2479	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
[1819]	2480	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
[1843]	2481	!
[1864]	2482	!-- Write current wind direction into array
[1843]	2483	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
	2484	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
[1819]	2485	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2486	!
[1864]	2487	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
[1819]	2488	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
	2489
	2490	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
	2491	!
[1864]	2492	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
[1843]	2493	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
	2494	!
[1864]	2495	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
[1843]	2496	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
[1819]	2497	!
[1864]	2498	!-- Start yawing of turbine
[1843]	2499	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2500	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
[1864]	2501	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2502	ENDIF
	2503	ENDIF
	2504
	2505	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
	2506
	2507	!
[1864]	2508	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
	2509	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
	2510	!-- than min_miss
[1819]	2511
	2512	ELSE
	2513	!
	2514	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
	2515	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
[1864]	2516	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
[1819]	2517	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2518	!
[1864]	2519	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
	2520	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
	2521	!
	2522	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
[1819]	2523	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
[1864]	2524	!
	2525	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
	2526	!-- yaw direction is still right
	2527	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
	2528	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
	2529	!
	2530	!-- Continue yawing
	2531	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2532	ELSE
[1864]	2533	!
	2534	!-- Stop yawing
[1819]	2535	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
[1864]	2536	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2537	ENDIF
	2538	ELSE
[1864]	2539	!
	2540	!-- Continue yawing
[1843]	2541	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2542	ENDIF
	2543
	2544	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
	2545
	2546	ENDIF
	2547
[1839]	2548	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	2549
[1864]	2550
[1819]	2551	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2552	! Description:
	2553	! ------------
[1864]	2554	!> Initialization of the speed control
	2555	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2556	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2557
	2558
	2559	IMPLICIT NONE
	2560
	2561	!
	2562	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
	2563	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
	2564	!
	2565	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
	2566	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
	2567	!
	2568	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
	2569	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
	2570	!
	2571	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
	2572	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
	2573	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
	2574	!
	2575	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
	2576	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
	2577	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
[2410]	2578	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
[1864]	2579	!
	2580	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
	2581	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
	2582	!
	2583	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
	2584	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
[2563]	2585	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	2586	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
	2587	ENDIF
[1864]	2588
	2589	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2590
	2591
	2592	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2593	! Description:
	2594	! ------------
	2595	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
	2596	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2597	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2598
	2599
	2600	IMPLICIT NONE
	2601
[1912]	2602	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2603
	2604
[1864]	2605
	2606	!
	2607	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
	2608	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
	2609	!-- offshore system developement"
	2610
	2611	!
	2612	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
	2613	!-- for the control of the generator torque
	2614	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
[1912]	2615	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
[1864]	2616	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
	2617
	2618	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
	2619	!
	2620	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
	2621	torque_gen(inot) = 0
	2622
	2623	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
	2624	!
	2625	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
	2626	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
	2627
	2628	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
	2629	!
	2630	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
	2631	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
	2632	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
	2633
	2634	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
	2635	!
	2636	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
	2637	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
	2638
	2639	ELSE
	2640	!
	2641	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
	2642	!-- keep the power constant:
	2643	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
	2644
	2645	ENDIF
	2646	!
	2647	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
	2648	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
	2649	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
	2650	!
	2651	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
	2652	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
	2653	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
	2654	!
	2655	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
[1912]	2656	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
[1864]	2657
	2658
	2659	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
	2660
	2661
	2662	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2663	! Description:
	2664	! ------------
[1839]	2665	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2666	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2667	!> Call for all grid points
[1819]	2668	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2669	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
	2670
[1839]	2671
[1819]	2672	IMPLICIT NONE
	2673
[1839]	2674	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2675	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2676	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2677	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2678
	2679
	2680	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2681
	2682	CASE ( 1 )
	2683	!
	2684	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1864]	2685	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2686	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2687	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2688	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	2689	!
[1864]	2690	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2691	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[2553]	2692	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2693	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2694	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2553]	2695
[2232]	2696	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2697	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2698	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2699	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2700	ENDDO
	2701	ENDDO
	2702	ENDDO
	2703	ENDIF
	2704
	2705	CASE ( 2 )
	2706	!
	2707	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1864]	2708	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2709	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2710	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2711	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	2712	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2713	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2714	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2715	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2716	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2717	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2718	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2719	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2720	ENDDO
	2721	ENDDO
	2722	ENDDO
	2723	ENDIF
	2724
	2725	CASE ( 3 )
	2726	!
	2727	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1864]	2728	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2729	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2730	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2553]	2731	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	2732	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2733	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2734	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2735	ENDDO
	2736	ENDDO
	2737	ENDDO
	2738	ENDIF
	2739
	2740
	2741	CASE DEFAULT
	2742
	2743	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2744	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2745
	2746	END SELECT
	2747
	2748
	2749	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
	2750
	2751
	2752	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2753	! Description:
	2754	! ------------
[1839]	2755	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2756	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2757	!> Call for grid point i,j
[1819]	2758	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2759	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
	2760
	2761
	2762	IMPLICIT NONE
	2763
[1839]	2764	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2765	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2766	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2767	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2768
	2769	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2770
	2771	CASE ( 1 )
	2772	!
	2773	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1839]	2774	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2775	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1819]	2776	!
[1839]	2777	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2778	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2779	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2780	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2781	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2782	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2783	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2784	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2553]	2785	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2786	ENDDO
	2787	ENDIF
	2788
	2789	CASE ( 2 )
	2790	!
	2791	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1839]	2792	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2793	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[1912]	2794	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2795	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2796	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2797	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2798	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2799	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2800	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2801	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[2553]	2802	ENDDO
[1819]	2803	ENDIF
	2804
	2805	CASE ( 3 )
	2806	!
	2807	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1839]	2808	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2553]	2809	DO k = nzb+1, MAXVAL(k_hub) + MAXVAL(k_smear)
[2232]	2810	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2811	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2812	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2813	ENDDO
	2814	ENDIF
	2815
	2816
	2817	CASE DEFAULT
	2818
	2819	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2820	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2821
	2822	END SELECT
	2823
	2824
	2825	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
	2826
	2827	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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