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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2341

Last change on this file since 2341 was 2341, checked in by Giersch, 7 years ago
Unit correction in Doxygen comments
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 109.3 KB

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[1820]	1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
[1912]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1819]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2257]	17	! Copyright 2009-2017 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
[2101]	18	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1912]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	20	!
	21	! Current revisions:
	22	! -----------------
[1913]	23	!
[2233]	24	!
[1913]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2341 2017-08-08 09:11:15Z Giersch $
[2323]	28	! Change unit number of file WTM_DATA from 201 to 90
[2341]	29	! 2323 2017-07-26 12:57:38Z Giersch
	30	! Unit correction in Doxygen comments
[2323]	31	!
[2341]	32	!
[2323]	33	! 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch
[2322]	34	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
	35	!
	36	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
[2257]	37	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
[1844]	38	!
[2257]	39	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
	40	!
[2233]	41	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	42	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	43	!
[2153]	44	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
	45	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
	46	! Addition of a tip loss model
	47	!
[2016]	48	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
	49	! Bugfix of pitch control
	50	!
[2001]	51	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	52	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	53	!
[1930]	54	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	55	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
	56	!
[1917]	57	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
[1821]	58	! Initial revision
	59	!
[1819]	60	!
	61	! Description:
	62	! ------------
	63	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
	64	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
	65	!> (ADM-R).
	66	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
	67	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
	68	!> yaw.
	69	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
	70	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
	71	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
	72	!> automatically).
	73	!>
	74	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
	75	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
	76	!> @todo Generate header information
[1917]	77	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
[1819]	78	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
	79	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
	80	!> @todo Include additional output variables
[1864]	81	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
	82	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
	83	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
[1819]	84	!
	85	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	86	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
	87
	88	USE arrays_3d, &
	89	ONLY: dd2zu, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
	90
	91	USE constants
	92
	93	USE control_parameters, &
	94	ONLY: dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time
	95
	96	USE cpulog, &
	97	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
	98
	99	USE grid_variables, &
	100	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
	101
	102	USE indices, &
	103	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
[2232]	104	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1819]	105
	106	USE kinds
	107
	108	USE pegrid
	109
	110
	111	IMPLICIT NONE
	112
[1864]	113	PRIVATE
[1819]	114
[1839]	115	LOGICAL :: wind_turbine=.FALSE. !< switch for use of wind turbine model
[1819]	116
	117	!
	118	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
	119
[1864]	120	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
[1839]	121	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
[1819]	122
[1839]	123	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
	124	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
	125	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
[2152]	126	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
[1819]	127
[1839]	128	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	129	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	130	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	131	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	132	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
	133	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
[1819]	134
[1912]	135	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
	136	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.0_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
	137	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
	138	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
	139	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
	140	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
	141	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
	142	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
	143	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
	144	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
	145	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
[1839]	146
[1819]	147	!
	148	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
	149	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
	150
[1912]	151	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
[1839]	152	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
[2341]	153	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg*m2]
	154	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg*m2]
[1839]	155	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
	156	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
	157	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
	158	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
[1912]	159	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
[1839]	160	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
	161	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
	162	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
[1912]	163	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
	164	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
[1839]	165
[1912]	166
[1819]	167	!
	168	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
	169
[1839]	170	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
	171	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
	172	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
	173
[1819]	174	!
	175	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
	176	TYPE file_status
	177	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
	178	END TYPE file_status
	179
[1912]	180	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
	181	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
[1819]	182
	183	!
	184	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
	185
[1839]	186	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	187	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	188	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	189	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
	190	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
	191	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
[1819]	192
[1839]	193	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
[1819]	194
[1912]	195	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
	196	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
	197	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
	198	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
	199	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
	200	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
	201	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
	202	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
[1819]	203
[1912]	204	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
[1819]	205
[1912]	206	!
	207	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
[1864]	208	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
	209	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
[1912]	210	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
[1864]	211	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
[1839]	212	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
	213	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
	214	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
[1819]	215
[1839]	216	!
	217	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
[1912]	218	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
	219	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
	220	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
	221	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
[1864]	222
[1912]	223	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
	224	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
[1819]	225
[1912]	226	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
	227	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
[1819]	228
[1912]	229	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
	230	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
[1819]	231
	232	!
	233	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
[1912]	234
[1839]	235	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
[1912]	236	REAL(wp) :: delta_t !< tangential segment length
[1839]	237	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
	238	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
	239	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
	240	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
	241	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
	242	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
	243	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
	244	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
	245	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
	246	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
[1912]	247	!
	248	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
	249	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
	250	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
	251	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
	252	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
[1819]	253
[1912]	254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
	255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
	256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen !< curr. generator speed
	257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
	258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pitch_add_old!<
	259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
	260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
	261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
	262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
	263	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
	264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
	265
	266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
	267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
	268
	269	!
	270	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
	271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
	272	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
	273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
	274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
	275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
	276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
	277
	278	!
	279	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
	280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
	281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
	282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
	283
	284	!
	285	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
	286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
	287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
	288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
	289
	290	!
	291	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
	292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
	293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
	294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
	295
	296	!
	297	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
	298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
	300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
	301	!
	302	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
	303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
	304
[1839]	305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
	306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
	307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
	308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
	309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
	310	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
	311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
	312	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
	313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
[1819]	314
[1839]	315	!
	316	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
[1819]	317
[1912]	318	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
[1864]	319
[1912]	320	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
	321	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
	322	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
	323	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
	324	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
	325	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
	326	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
	327	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
[1864]	328
	329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_old !< last gen. speed
	330	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_f !< filtered gen. sp
	331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_f_old !< last filt. gen. sp
	332	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_gen !< generator torque
	333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_gen_old !< last gen. torque
[1819]	334
[1864]	335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
[1839]	336	!
	337	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
[1819]	338
[1912]	339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
	340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
	341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
	342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
	343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
	344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
	345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
	346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
	347	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
	348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
	349	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
	350	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
	351	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
[1819]	352
	353
[1839]	354	SAVE
[1819]	355
[1839]	356
	357	INTERFACE wtm_parin
	358	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
	359	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
[1912]	360
	361	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
	362	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
	363	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
[1839]	364
	365	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	366	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
	367	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	368
	369	INTERFACE wtm_init
	370	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
	371	END INTERFACE wtm_init
	372
[1912]	373	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
	374	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
	375	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	376
[1819]	377	INTERFACE wtm_forces
	378	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
[1839]	379	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	380	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
[1864]	381
	382	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	383	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
	384	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	385
	386	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
	387	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
	388	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
	389	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
[1819]	390
	391	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
	392	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
	393	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
	394	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
[1864]	395
	396
[1912]	397	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
	398	wtm_parin, wtm_tendencies, wtm_tendencies_ij, wind_turbine
[1819]	399
	400	CONTAINS
	401
	402
	403	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	404	! Description:
	405	! ------------
[1839]	406	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
[1819]	407	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	408	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
[1819]	409
	410
	411	IMPLICIT NONE
[1912]	412
	413	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
[1819]	414
[1839]	415	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	416
	417	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
[1864]	418	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
[1839]	419	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
[1864]	420	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
[1912]	421	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
[1839]	422	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	423	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
[1864]	424	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[1912]	425	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, &
[2152]	426	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[1839]	427
[1819]	428	!
[1839]	429	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
	430	REWIND ( 11 )
	431	line = ' '
	432	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
	433	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	434	ENDDO
	435	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	436
	437	!
	438	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[1912]	439	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
	440
	441	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
	442	message_string = 'errors in \$wind_turbine_par'
[2322]	443	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	444	ENDIF
	445
[1839]	446	!
	447	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	448	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	449
[1912]	450	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
[1839]	451
	452
	453	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
	454
[1912]	455	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	456
	457
	458	IMPLICIT NONE
	459
	460	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
	461	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
	462	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
[2322]	463	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	464	ENDIF
	465
[2322]	466	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
	467	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
[1912]	468	'a value larger than zero'
[2322]	469	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	470	ENDIF
	471
	472
	473	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	474	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	475	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	476
	477	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
	478	'have to be given for each turbine.'
[2322]	479	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	480
	481	ENDIF
	482
	483
	484	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	485
	486
[1839]	487	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	488	! Description:
	489	! ------------
	490	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
	491	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	492	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
	493
	494
	495	IMPLICIT NONE
	496
[1864]	497	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
	498	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
	499
[1839]	500	!
	501	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
[1819]	502	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
	503
	504	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
	505	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
	506
	507	nrings(:) = 0
	508	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
	509
	510	!
	511	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
	512	delta_r_factor = segment_width
	513	delta_t_factor = segment_length
	514	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	515	delta_t = delta_t_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	516
	517	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	518	!
	519	!-- Determine number of rings:
	520	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
	521
	522	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
	523
	524	ENDDO
	525
	526	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
	527
	528	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
	529	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
	530
	531	nsegs(:,:) = 0
	532	nsegs_total(:) = 0
	533
	534
	535	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	536	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	537	!
	538	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
[1839]	539	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
	540	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
	541	delta_t_factor ) )
[1819]	542	ENDDO
	543	!
	544	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
[1839]	545	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
[1819]	546
	547	ENDDO
	548
	549	!
	550	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
	551	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
	552
[1864]	553	!!
	554	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
	555	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	556	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
	557	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	558	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
	559	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	560	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
	561	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
	562	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
	563	! ENDIF
[1819]	564
	565
	566	!
	567	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
	568	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
	569	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
	570	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
	571	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
	572	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
	573	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
	574	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	575	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	576
	577	!
	578	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for speed pitch_control
	579	ALLOCATE( omega_gen(1:nturbines) )
[1864]	580	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_old(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	581	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_f(1:nturbines) )
	582	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_f_old(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	583	ALLOCATE( pitch_add_old(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	584	ALLOCATE( torque_gen(1:nturbines) )
	585	ALLOCATE( torque_gen_old(1:nturbines) )
	586
	587	!
	588	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
	589	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
	590	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
	591	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
	592	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
	593	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
	594	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
	595
	596	!
	597	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	598	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
	599	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
	600	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
	601	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
	602	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
	603	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
[1839]	604	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
	605	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
[1819]	606	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
	607	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
	608
	609	!
	610	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
	611	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	612	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	613	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	614	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	615	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	616	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	617
	618	!
	619	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
	620	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	621	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	622	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	623
	624	!
	625	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
[1912]	626	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	627	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	628	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	629	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	630	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	631	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	632	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1912]	633	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	634
	635	!
	636	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
	637	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	638	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	639	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	640	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	641	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	642	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	643
	644	!
	645	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
	646	i_hub(:) = 0
	647	i_smear(:) = 0
	648	j_hub(:) = 0
	649	j_smear(:) = 0
	650	k_hub(:) = 0
	651	k_smear(:) = 0
[1912]	652
[1819]	653	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	654	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	655
	656	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	657	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	658	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
	659	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	660	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	661	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	662	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	663
	664	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	665	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	666	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
	667
	668	!
	669	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	670	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
	671	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
	672	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
	673	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	674	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	675	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	676	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
	677	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	678	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
	679	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
	680
	681	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	682	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	683	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	684	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	685	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	686	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	687
	688	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	689	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	690	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	691
[1912]	692	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	693	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	694	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	695	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	696	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	697	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	698	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	699	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	700
	701	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	702	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	703	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	704	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	705	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	706	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	707
	708
[1839]	709	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
[1819]	710
	711
	712	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	713	! Description:
	714	! ------------
[1839]	715	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
[1819]	716	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	717	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
[1819]	718
[1839]	719
[1819]	720	IMPLICIT NONE
	721
	722	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	723	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	724	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1864]	725
[1819]	726	!
[1864]	727	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
	728	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
	729
[1839]	730	!
[1864]	731	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
	732	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
	733	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
[1839]	734	!
[1864]	735	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
	736	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
	737	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
	738
	739	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
	740	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
	741	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
	742
	743	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
	744
	745	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
	746	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
	747	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
	748	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
	749
	750	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
	751	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
	752	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
	753	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	754
	755
[1864]	756	IF ( speed_control) THEN
	757
	758	CALL wtm_speed_control
	759
	760	ENDIF
	761
[1839]	762	!
[1819]	763	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	764	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
	765	!-- (smearing of the forces)
[1819]	766	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	767	!
[1839]	768	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
	769	!-- be calculated:
[1819]	770
[1839]	771	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
	772	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
[1819]	773	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
	774	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
	775	!
[1839]	776	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
	777	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
	778	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
	779	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
	780	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
[1819]	781	!
	782	!-- Square of eps_min:
	783	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
	784	!
	785	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
[1864]	786	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
	787	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
[1819]	788	!
[1839]	789	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
	790	!-- function:
	791	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
	792
[1864]	793	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
	794	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
	795
[1819]	796	!
[1864]	797	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
	798	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
[1819]	799
[1864]	800
[1819]	801	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	802	!
[1864]	803	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
	804	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	805
	806	!
	807	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
	808	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
	809	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	810	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
	811
	812	!
	813	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
[1839]	814	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
	815	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
	816	!-- function of eps_min:
[1819]	817	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
	818	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
	819	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
[1864]	820
[1819]	821	ENDDO
	822
	823	!
	824	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	825	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
	826	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
[1819]	827	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	828	!
	829	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
	830	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
	831
	832	!
	833	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
	834	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
	835	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
	836
	837	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
[1839]	838
	839	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	840
[1839]	841
	842	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
[1819]	843	!
[1839]	844	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
	845	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
	846	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
[1819]	847	i = i_hub(inot)
	848
	849	!
[1839]	850	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	851	!-- grid point indices):
[1819]	852	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	853	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	854	!
[1839]	855	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	856	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
	857	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
	858	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
	859	!-- in grid box 1.
[1819]	860	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	861	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	862
	863	!
	864	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
[1864]	865	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
[1819]	866	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	867	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	868
	869	!
	870	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
[1864]	871	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
[1839]	872	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1819]	873
	874	DO j = nys, nyn
	875	!
[1839]	876	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
	877	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
	878
[1819]	879	DO k = nzb, nzt
	880
	881	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	882	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
[1839]	883	!
[1819]	884	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	885	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	886	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	887	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	888	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	889	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	890	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	891	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	892	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	893	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	894	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	895	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	896	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	897	!
	898	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	899	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	900	ELSE
[1912]	901	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	902	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
	903	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	904	ENDIF
	905	!
	906	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	907	ELSE
[1912]	908	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[1839]	909	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
[1912]	910	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	911	ENDIF
[1839]	912	!
	913	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
	914	!-- are carried out:
[1819]	915	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	916
[1839]	917	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
	918	!
[1819]	919	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	920	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	921	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	922	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	923	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
[1912]	924	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	925	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	926	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	927	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	928	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
[1912]	929	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	930	!
	931	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	932	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	933	ELSE
[1912]	934	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	935	ENDIF
[1839]	936	!
[1819]	937	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	938	ELSE
[1912]	939	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
	940	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	941	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
	942
	943	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
	944
	945	ENDDO ! end loop over k
	946
	947	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
	948
	949	ENDDO ! end loop over j
	950
	951	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
[1819]	952
[1839]	953
[1912]	954	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
[1819]	955
[1839]	956	!
[1864]	957	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
	958	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
	959	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
	960	!!
	961	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
	962	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
	963	!!-- circle_points in the following):
	964	!
	965	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
	966	!
	967	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
	968	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
	969	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
	970	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	971	!!
	972	!!-- bottom intersection point
	973	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
	974	!!
	975	!!-- top intersection point
	976	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
	977	! ELSE
	978	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
	979	! ENDIF
	980	! ENDDO
	981	!
	982	!
	983	! DO j = nys, nyn
	984	!!
	985	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
	986	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
	987	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
[1912]	988	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	989	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
	990	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	991	!!
	992	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
	993	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
	994	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
[1912]	995	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	996	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
	997	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
	998	!!
	999	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
	1000	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
	1001	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
	1002	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
	1003	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
	1004	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
	1005	! dz_int = dz
	1006	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
	1007	!!
	1008	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
	1009	!!-- within the current grid box:
	1010	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1011	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1012	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
	1013	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
	1014	! ENDIF
	1015	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1016	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1017	! dz_int = dz_int - &
	1018	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
	1019	! ENDIF
	1020	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
	1021	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1022	! ENDIF
	1023	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
	1024	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1025	! ENDIF
	1026	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1912]	1027	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
	1028	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
[1864]	1029	! ENDIF
	1030	! ENDDO
	1031	! ENDIF
	1032	! ENDDO
	1033	! ENDIF
[1819]	1034	!
[1864]	1035	! ENDDO
[1819]	1036	!
[1912]	1037	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
[1819]	1038
[1864]	1039	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
[1819]	1040
[1912]	1041	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
	1042	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
[1819]	1043
[1912]	1044	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	1045
[1864]	1046	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
	1047
	1048
[1819]	1049	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1864]	1050	! Description:
	1051	! ------------
	1052	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
	1053	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
[1819]	1054	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	1055	!
	1056	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1057
[1839]	1058
[1864]	1059	IMPLICIT NONE
	1060
	1061	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
	1062	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
[1843]	1063
[1864]	1064	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
	1065
	1066	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
[1839]	1067
[1864]	1068	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
	1069	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
	1070	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
	1071	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
	1072	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
	1073	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
	1074	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
	1075	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
	1076	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
	1077	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
[1839]	1078
[1864]	1079	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
	1080	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
	1081	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
[1839]	1082
[1864]	1083	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
	1084	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
[1839]	1085
[1864]	1086	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
	1087	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
	1088	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
	1089	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
	1090	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
[1839]	1091
[1864]	1092	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
	1093	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
	1094	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
	1095	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
	1096	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
[1839]	1097
[1864]	1098	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
[1839]	1099
[1864]	1100	!
	1101	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
	1102	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
	1103
[2323]	1104	OPEN ( 90, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1105
	1106	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
	1107	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
[2322]	1108	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1864]	1109	ENDIF
	1110	!
	1111	!-- Read distribution table:
	1112
	1113	dlen = 0
	1114
[2323]	1115	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1116
	1117	rloop3: DO
[2323]	1118	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1119	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
	1120	dlen = dlen + 1
	1121	ENDDO rloop3
	1122
	1123	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
	1124
	1125	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1126	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1127	ENDDO
	1128
	1129	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1130	READ ( 90, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
[1864]	1131	ENDDO
	1132
	1133	!
	1134	!-- Read layout table:
	1135
[1839]	1136	dlen = 0
[1864]	1137
[2323]	1138	READ ( 90, '(3/)')
[1864]	1139
[1843]	1140	rloop1: DO
[2323]	1141	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1142	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
	1143	dlen = dlen + 1
[1843]	1144	ENDDO rloop1
[1864]	1145
[1839]	1146	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
[1864]	1147	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
[2323]	1148	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1149	ENDDO
	1150	DO jj = 1, dlen
[2323]	1151	READ ( 90, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
[1839]	1152	ENDDO
[1819]	1153
[1864]	1154	!
	1155	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
[1819]	1156
[1864]	1157	dlen = 0
	1158
[2323]	1159	READ ( 90, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1160
[1843]	1161	rloop2: DO
[2323]	1162	READ ( 90, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
[1864]	1163	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
	1164	dlen = dlen + 1
	1165	ENDDO rloop2
	1166
[1912]	1167	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
[1864]	1168	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
	1169
	1170	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
[2323]	1171	BACKSPACE ( 90, IOSTAT=ierrn )
[1864]	1172	ENDDO
	1173
[1839]	1174	DO jj = 1,dlen
[2323]	1175	READ ( 90, * ) read_cl_cd
[1864]	1176	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
	1177	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
	1178	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
	1179	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
[1819]	1180	ENDDO
[1864]	1181
[1839]	1182	ENDDO
[1864]	1183
	1184	dlenbl = dlen
	1185
[2323]	1186	CLOSE ( 90 )
[1819]	1187
[1864]	1188	!
	1189	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
	1190	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
	1191	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
	1192	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
	1193	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
[1839]	1194
[1864]	1195	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1196	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
	1197	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1198	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
[1819]	1199
[1864]	1200	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
	1201	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
[1839]	1202
[1864]	1203
	1204	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1205	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1206
	1207
	1208	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
	1209
	1210	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
	1211
	1212	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
	1213	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
	1214	ialpha = 1
	1215
[2152]	1216	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
[1864]	1217	ialpha = ialpha + 1
	1218	ENDDO
[1819]	1219	!
[1864]	1220	!-- Find position in table
	1221	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
	1222	! lct(1) = lct(1)
[1819]	1223
[1864]	1224	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
	1225	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
	1226	ENDIF
[1819]	1227
[1864]	1228	trow = lct(1)
	1229	!
	1230	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
	1231	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1232	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1233	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
	1234	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
[1819]	1235
[1912]	1236	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
	1237	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
	1238	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
[1864]	1239	ENDIF
[1819]	1240
[1864]	1241	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
	1242	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1243	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1244	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1245	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1246	ELSE
	1247	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
	1248	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
	1249	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
	1250	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
	1251	ENDIF
	1252
[1912]	1253	!
	1254	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
	1255	!-- segments and angles of attack
	1256
	1257	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1258	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1259	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1260	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1261	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1262	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1263	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1264	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1265	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1266	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1267	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1268	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
[1912]	1269	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1270	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1271	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1272	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1273	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1274	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1275	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1276	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1277	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1278	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1279	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1280	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
[1819]	1281
[1912]	1282	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
[1819]	1283
[1864]	1284	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
	1285
[1912]	1286	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1287
	1288
[1864]	1289	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1290	! Description:
	1291	! ------------
	1292	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
	1293	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
	1294	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1295	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1296
[1864]	1297
	1298	IMPLICIT NONE
	1299
	1300	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	1301	!
	1302	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
	1303	!-- the rotors
	1304	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
	1305	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
	1306	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
	1307
	1308	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1309	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1310	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1311
	1312	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
	1313	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
	1314	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
[1839]	1315
[1864]	1316	!
	1317	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
	1318	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
[1819]	1319
[1912]	1320	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
[1864]	1321	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1322	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1323	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1324	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1325	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1326	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1327	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1328	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1329	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1330	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1331	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
[1864]	1332	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1333	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1334	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1335	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1336	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1337	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1338	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1339	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1340	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1341	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1342	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
[1864]	1343	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1839]	1344
[1864]	1345	!
	1346	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
	1347	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
	1348	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
	1349	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
	1350	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
	1351
	1352	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
[1839]	1353
	1354
[1819]	1355	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1356	! Description:
	1357	! ------------
[1839]	1358	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
[1819]	1359	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1360	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	1361
[1864]	1362
[1819]	1363	IMPLICIT NONE
	1364
	1365	CHARACTER (LEN=2) :: turbine_id
	1366
[1839]	1367	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
	1368	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	1369	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
	1370	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
	1371	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
	1372	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
[1912]	1373
[2232]	1374	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
[1839]	1375	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
	1376	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
[1912]	1377
	1378	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
	1379	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
	1380
	1381	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
	1382
	1383
[1839]	1384	!
[1819]	1385	! Variables for pitch control
	1386	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
[1839]	1387	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
	1388
[1819]	1389	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
[1839]	1390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
[2152]	1391
	1392	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
[1819]	1393
	1394
[1864]	1395	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
[1819]	1396
	1397
	1398	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
	1399
[1864]	1400	!
[1819]	1401	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
	1402	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1403	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1404	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1405	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1406	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1407	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1408	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1409	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1410	!
	1411	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	1412	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1413
	1414	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1415	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1416	!
[1839]	1417	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1418	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1419
	1420	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	1421	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	1422	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
	1423	!
	1424	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1425	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
	1426
	1427	!
[1839]	1428	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1429	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1430	!
[1864]	1431	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1432	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
	1433	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1434	!
[1864]	1435	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1436	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1437	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1438	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1439	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
	1440	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
	1441
[1864]	1442	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1443	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1444	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
[1839]	1445	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
[1819]	1446	re(3) = sin_rot
	1447
	1448	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1449	!
	1450	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1451	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1452	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1453	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1454
[1864]	1455	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1456	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
	1457	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
	1458	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
	1459	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1460
	1461	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1462	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1463
	1464	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1465	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1466
	1467	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1468	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1469
	1470	!
	1471	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
	1472
	1473	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
	1474	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
	1475	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1476	!
[1864]	1477	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1478	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1479	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1480	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1481
[1839]	1482	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1483	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1484	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1485	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1486	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1487	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1488	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1489	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1490	gg = dx * dy
	1491
[1864]	1492	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1493	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1494	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1495	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1496	) / gg
	1497
[1864]	1498	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1499	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1500	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1501	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1502	) / gg
	1503
[1864]	1504	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
	1505	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1506	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
	1507
	1508	ELSE
	1509	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1510	ENDIF
	1511	ELSE
	1512	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1513	ENDIF
	1514
	1515
	1516	!
	1517	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
	1518	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[1839]	1519	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
[1819]	1520	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1521	!
[1864]	1522	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1523	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1524	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1525	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1526
[1839]	1527	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1528	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1529	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1530	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1531	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1532	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
	1533	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1534	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
[1819]	1535	gg = dx * dy
	1536
[1864]	1537	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1538	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1539	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1540	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1541	) / gg
	1542
[1864]	1543	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1544	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1545	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1546	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1547	) / gg
	1548
[1864]	1549	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
	1550	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1551	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
	1552
	1553	ELSE
	1554	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1555	ENDIF
	1556	ELSE
	1557	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1558	ENDIF
	1559
	1560
	1561	!
	1562	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
	1563	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	1564	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[1839]	1565	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
[1819]	1566	!
[1864]	1567	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1568	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1569	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1570	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1571
[1839]	1572	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1573	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1574	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1575	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1576	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1577	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1578	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1579	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1580	gg = dx * dy
	1581
[1864]	1582	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1583	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1584	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1585	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1586	) / gg
	1587
[1864]	1588	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1589	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1590	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1591	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1592	) / gg
	1593
[1864]	1594	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
	1595	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1596	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
	1597	ELSE
	1598	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1599	ENDIF
	1600	ELSE
	1601	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1602	ENDIF
	1603
	1604	ENDDO
	1605	ENDDO
	1606
	1607	ENDDO
	1608
	1609	!
	1610	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
	1611	#if defined( __parallel )
[1839]	1612	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1613	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1614	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1615	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1616	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1617	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1819]	1618	#else
	1619	u_int = u_int_1_l
	1620	v_int = v_int_1_l
	1621	w_int = w_int_1_l
	1622	#endif
	1623
	1624
	1625	!
	1626	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
[1912]	1627
[1819]	1628	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1912]	1629	pit_loop: DO
[1819]	1630
[1912]	1631	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
[1839]	1632	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1633	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1634	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
	1635	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
	1636	ELSE
	1637	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1638	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1639	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
	1640	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
	1641	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
	1642	ENDIF
[1819]	1643	ENDIF
	1644
[1839]	1645	!
	1646	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1647	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1648	!
	1649	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1650	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
[1839]	1651	!
	1652	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1653	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1654	!
[1839]	1655	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1656	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1657	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1658	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1659	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
	1660	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
	1661	!
[1839]	1662	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1663	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1664	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
	1665	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
	1666	re(3) = sin_rot
	1667
[1864]	1668	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
[1819]	1669	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
	1670	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
	1671	rea(3) = cos_rot
	1672
	1673	!
[1864]	1674	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
	1675	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
	1676	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
[1819]	1677	ren(1) = cos_yaw
	1678	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
	1679	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
	1680	!
	1681	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
[1864]	1682	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
	1683	!-- tilt:
[1819]	1684	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1685	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
	1686	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
	1687	!
	1688	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1689	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1690
	1691	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1692
	1693	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1694
	1695	!
[1864]	1696	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1697	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
	1698	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1699	!
[1864]	1700	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
[1819]	1701	!-- components perpedicular and parallel to the rotor area
	1702	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
	1703	!-- coordinates y' and z.
	1704	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
	1705	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
[1864]	1706	!
	1707	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
	1708	!
[1819]	1709	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
[1864]	1710	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
	1711	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
[1819]	1712	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
	1713	!
[1864]	1714	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
	1715	!-- direction:
	1716	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
	1717	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
[1819]	1718	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
	1719	!
[1864]	1720	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
	1721	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
[1819]	1722
[1864]	1723	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
	1724	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1725	vtheta(rseg) ) )
	1726
	1727	!
[1864]	1728	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
	1729	!-- to the current radial position:
[1819]	1730
	1731	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
	1732	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
	1733
	1734	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1735	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1736	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
[1864]	1737	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
	1738	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1739	ELSE
[1864]	1740	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
	1741	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1742	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
	1743	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
	1744	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1745	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1746	ENDIF
	1747
	1748	!
[1864]	1749	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
	1750	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
	1751	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
	1752	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1753	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1754	!
[1864]	1755	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
	1756	!-- angle of attack:
[1819]	1757	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
	1758	!
[1864]	1759	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
	1760	!-- to angles given in degree:
	1761	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1762	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
	1763	!
[1864]	1764	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
[2015]	1765	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
[1819]	1766
	1767	!
[1864]	1768	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
	1769	!-- to the rotor:
[1912]	1770	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
	1771	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1772	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
	1773
	1774	!
[1864]	1775	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1776	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
	1777	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
	1778	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1779
	1780	!
[1864]	1781	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
	1782	!-- the current radial position:
[1819]	1783
	1784	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1785	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1786	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
[1864]	1787	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1788	ELSE
[1864]	1789	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
	1790	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1791	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
	1792	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
	1793	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1794	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1795	ENDIF
	1796
	1797	!
	1798	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
[1864]	1799	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	1800	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
	1801	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
	1802	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
[1839]	1803	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
[1819]	1804	!
	1805	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
[1864]	1806	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	1807	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
[1819]	1808	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
	1809	!
[1864]	1810	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
	1811	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
[1839]	1812	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
	1813	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
[1819]	1814
	1815	!
[1864]	1816	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
	1817	!-- angles given in radian:
	1818	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1819	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1820
[2152]	1821	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
	1822
	1823	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
	1824	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
	1825	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
	1826	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
	1827	!--
	1828	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
	1829	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
	1830	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
	1831
	1832	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
	1833
	1834	END IF
[1819]	1835	!
	1836	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	1837	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
	1838	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	1839
	1840	!
[1864]	1841	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
[1819]	1842
	1843	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
	1844	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1845
	1846	!
[1864]	1847	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
	1848	!-- for each ring segment:
	1849	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
	1850	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
	1851	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	1852
	1853	!
[1864]	1854	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
	1855	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
	1856	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
	1857	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
	1858	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
	1859	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
[1839]	1860	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	1861	!
	1862	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
[1864]	1863	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
	1864	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
[1819]	1865
	1866	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
	1867	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
	1868
[1912]	1869	!
	1870	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
	1871	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
	1872	thrust_seg(rseg)
	1873
	1874
[1819]	1875	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
	1876
[1864]	1877	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
[1819]	1878
	1879	!
[1864]	1880	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
	1881	!-- each ring:
[1819]	1882	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
	1883	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
	1884	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
	1885
	1886
[1864]	1887	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
[1819]	1888
	1889
[1864]	1890	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
[1819]	1891
[1912]	1892
	1893	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	1894	!
	1895	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
	1896
	1897	!
	1898	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
	1899	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
	1900	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
	1901	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
	1902	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
	1903	( inertia_rot + &
	1904	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
[1819]	1905
[1912]	1906	!
	1907	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
	1908	!-- and rotor speed
	1909	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
	1910
	1911	ENDIF
	1912
[1864]	1913	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
[1819]	1914
[1912]	1915	!
	1916	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
	1917	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
	1918	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
	1919	!-- gain
	1920	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
	1921	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
	1922	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
	1923	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
[1864]	1924	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
[1912]	1925	!
	1926	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
	1927	CYCLE pit_loop
[1819]	1928	ENDIF
[1912]	1929
	1930	!
	1931	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
	1932	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
[1864]	1933	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1819]	1934	ENDIF
[1912]	1935	EXIT pit_loop
	1936	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
[1819]	1937
[1864]	1938
[1819]	1939	!
[1864]	1940	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
	1941
[1819]	1942	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	1943	!
[1864]	1944	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	1945	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	1946	THEN
	1947	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	1948	THEN
[1864]	1949	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
	1950	ENDIF
[1912]	1951	ENDIF
[1864]	1952
[1819]	1953	ENDIF
	1954
	1955
[1864]	1956	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
[1819]	1957
[1864]	1958	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
[1819]	1959
	1960
[1864]	1961	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
	1962	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
	1963	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
	1964	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1965	!
[1864]	1966	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
	1967	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
[1819]	1968	!
	1969	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
[1864]	1970	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
	1971	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
	1972	!-- consideration
[1819]	1973	!
[1864]	1974	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
	1975	!-- of the model domain:
[1819]	1976	!
	1977	!--
	1978	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
[1864]	1979	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
	1980	eps_min ) / dx )
	1981	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
	1982	eps_min ) / dy )
[1819]	1983
[1864]	1984	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	1985	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
[1864]	1986	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	1987	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
[2232]	1988	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
	1989	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
	1990	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
[1819]	1991	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1992	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1993	!
[2232]	1994	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
	1995	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1996
	1997	!
[1819]	1998	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
	1999	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
[1864]	2000	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2001	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2002	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2003	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2004	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2005	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2006	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2007	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2008	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1819]	2009
	2010	!
	2011	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
	2012	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
	2013	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
	2014	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
	2015	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
	2016	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2017	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
	2018	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
	2019	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2020	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
	2021	flag
[1819]	2022	ENDIF
	2023	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2024	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
	2025	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
	2026	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2027	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2028	flag
[1819]	2029	ENDIF
	2030	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2031	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
	2032	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
	2033	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2034	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2035	flag
[1819]	2036	ENDIF
	2037
	2038	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
	2039	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
	2040
	2041	!
	2042	!-- Rotation of force components:
[2232]	2043	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2044	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
	2045	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
[2232]	2046	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
	2047	) * flag
[1819]	2048
[2232]	2049	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2050	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
	2051	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
[2232]	2052	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
	2053	) * flag
[1819]	2054
[2232]	2055	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2056	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
	2057	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
[2232]	2058	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
	2059	) * flag
[1819]	2060
	2061	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
	2062	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
	2063	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
	2064
[1864]	2065	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
[1819]	2066
[1912]	2067	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2068
	2069
	2070	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
	2071	!
	2072	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
	2073	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
	2074	IF ( start_up ) THEN
[1864]	2075	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
[1819]	2076	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
[1912]	2077	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2078	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
	2079
[1864]	2080	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
[1819]	2081	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
[1912]	2082	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2083	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
	2084	start_up = .FALSE.
	2085	ENDIF
	2086
	2087	!
	2088	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
	2089	!--
	2090	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	2091	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2092	!
	2093	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2094	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2095	THEN
	2096	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2097	THEN
[1864]	2098
[1819]	2099	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
[1864]	2100
[1912]	2101	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
	2102	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
	2103	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
	2104	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
	2105	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
[1864]	2106
	2107	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2108
[1819]	2109	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
[2015]	2110
[1819]	2111	ENDIF
	2112	ENDIF
	2113
[1864]	2114	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
	2115
	2116	!
[1929]	2117	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
	2118	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2119	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2120	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2121	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2122	comm2d, ierr )
	2123	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2124	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2125	#else
	2126	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
	2127	wdir = wdir_l
	2128	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
[2015]	2129
	2130
[1929]	2131	#endif
[1819]	2132	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1864]	2133	!
	2134	!-- Update rotor orientation
	2135	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	2136
	2137	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
	2138
[2152]	2139	END IF ! end of yaw control
[1864]	2140
	2141	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2142	!
	2143	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
[1912]	2144	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2145	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2146	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2147	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2148	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2149	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
	2150	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1912]	2151	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
	2152	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2153	#else
	2154	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
	2155	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
	2156	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
	2157	#endif
[1864]	2158
	2159	ENDIF
[1819]	2160
	2161	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2162
	2163	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	2164	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
	2165	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2166	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2167	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2168	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2169	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2170	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2171	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2172	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1912]	2173
[1819]	2174	ELSE
	2175
	2176	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(I2.2)') inot
[1864]	2177	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'TURBINE_PARAMETERS'//turbine_id ), &
	2178	FORM='FORMATTED' )
[1819]	2179	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
	2180	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2181	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2182	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2183	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2184	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2185	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2186	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2187	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1819]	2188	ENDIF
	2189	ENDIF
	2190
[1912]	2191	!-- Set open flag
[1819]	2192	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
[1864]	2193	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2194
	2195	ENDIF
	2196
[1864]	2197	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
[1819]	2198
[1912]	2199	!
	2200	!-- Formats
[1819]	2201	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
	2202	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
	2203	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
[1912]	2204	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
	2205	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
[1819]	2206
[1864]	2207	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
	2208	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
[1819]	2209
	2210
	2211	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	2212
	2213
[1839]	2214	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2215	! Description:
	2216	! ------------
	2217	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
	2218	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2219	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2220
[1819]	2221	USE constants
	2222	USE kinds
[1839]	2223
	2224	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	2225
	2226	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2227	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
	2228	REAL(wp) :: missal
	2229
	2230	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
	2231
	2232	!
[1864]	2233	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
	2234	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
	2235	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
	2236	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
	2237	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
	2238	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
	2239	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
	2240	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
	2241	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
	2242	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
	2243	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
	2244	!
	2245	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
[1819]	2246	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
[1843]	2247	!
[1864]	2248	!-- Write current wind direction into array
[1843]	2249	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
	2250	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
[1819]	2251	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2252	!
[1864]	2253	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
[1819]	2254	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
	2255
	2256	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
	2257	!
[1864]	2258	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
[1843]	2259	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
	2260	!
[1864]	2261	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
[1843]	2262	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
[1819]	2263	!
[1864]	2264	!-- Start yawing of turbine
[1843]	2265	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2266	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
[1864]	2267	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2268	ENDIF
	2269	ENDIF
	2270
	2271	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
	2272
	2273	!
[1864]	2274	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
	2275	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
	2276	!-- than min_miss
[1819]	2277
	2278	ELSE
	2279	!
	2280	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
	2281	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
[1864]	2282	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
[1819]	2283	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2284	!
[1864]	2285	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
	2286	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
	2287	!
	2288	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
[1819]	2289	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
[1864]	2290	!
	2291	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
	2292	!-- yaw direction is still right
	2293	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
	2294	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
	2295	!
	2296	!-- Continue yawing
	2297	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2298	ELSE
[1864]	2299	!
	2300	!-- Stop yawing
[1819]	2301	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
[1864]	2302	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2303	ENDIF
	2304	ELSE
[1864]	2305	!
	2306	!-- Continue yawing
[1843]	2307	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2308	ENDIF
	2309
	2310	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
	2311
	2312	ENDIF
	2313
[1839]	2314	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	2315
[1864]	2316
[1819]	2317	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2318	! Description:
	2319	! ------------
[1864]	2320	!> Initialization of the speed control
	2321	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2322	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2323
	2324
	2325	IMPLICIT NONE
	2326
	2327	!
	2328	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
	2329	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
	2330	!
	2331	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
	2332	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
	2333	!
	2334	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
	2335	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
	2336	!
	2337	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
	2338	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
	2339	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
	2340	!
	2341	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
	2342	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
	2343	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
	2344	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
	2345	!
	2346	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
	2347	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
	2348	!
	2349	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
	2350	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
	2351	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
	2352
	2353	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2354
	2355
	2356	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2357	! Description:
	2358	! ------------
	2359	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
	2360	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2361	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2362
	2363
	2364	IMPLICIT NONE
	2365
[1912]	2366	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2367
	2368
[1864]	2369
	2370	!
	2371	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
	2372	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
	2373	!-- offshore system developement"
	2374
	2375	!
	2376	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
	2377	!-- for the control of the generator torque
	2378	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
[1912]	2379	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
[1864]	2380	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
	2381
	2382	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
	2383	!
	2384	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
	2385	torque_gen(inot) = 0
	2386
	2387	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
	2388	!
	2389	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
	2390	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
	2391
	2392	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
	2393	!
	2394	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
	2395	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
	2396	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
	2397
	2398	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
	2399	!
	2400	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
	2401	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
	2402
	2403	ELSE
	2404	!
	2405	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
	2406	!-- keep the power constant:
	2407	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
	2408
	2409	ENDIF
	2410	!
	2411	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
	2412	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
	2413	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
	2414	!
	2415	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
	2416	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
	2417	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
	2418	!
	2419	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
[1912]	2420	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
[1864]	2421
	2422
	2423	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
	2424
	2425
	2426	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2427	! Description:
	2428	! ------------
[1839]	2429	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2430	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2431	!> Call for all grid points
[1819]	2432	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2433	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
	2434
[1839]	2435
[1819]	2436	IMPLICIT NONE
	2437
[1839]	2438	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2439	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2440	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2441	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2442
	2443
	2444	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2445
	2446	CASE ( 1 )
	2447	!
	2448	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1864]	2449	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2450	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2451	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2452	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1819]	2453	!
[1864]	2454	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2455	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2456	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2457	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2458	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
	2459
[2232]	2460	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2461	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2462	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2463	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2464	ENDDO
	2465	ENDDO
	2466	ENDDO
	2467	ENDIF
	2468
	2469	CASE ( 2 )
	2470	!
	2471	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1864]	2472	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2473	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2474	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2475	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2476	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2477	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2478	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2479	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2480	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2481	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2482	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2483	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2484	ENDDO
	2485	ENDDO
	2486	ENDDO
	2487	ENDIF
	2488
	2489	CASE ( 3 )
	2490	!
	2491	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1864]	2492	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2493	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2494	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2495	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
	2496	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2497	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2498	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2499	ENDDO
	2500	ENDDO
	2501	ENDDO
	2502	ENDIF
	2503
	2504
	2505	CASE DEFAULT
	2506
	2507	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2508	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2509
	2510	END SELECT
	2511
	2512
	2513	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
	2514
	2515
	2516	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2517	! Description:
	2518	! ------------
[1839]	2519	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2520	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2521	!> Call for grid point i,j
[1819]	2522	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2523	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
	2524
	2525
	2526	IMPLICIT NONE
	2527
[1839]	2528	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2529	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2530	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2531	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2532
	2533	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2534
	2535	CASE ( 1 )
	2536	!
	2537	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1839]	2538	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2539
[2232]	2540	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1819]	2541	!
[1839]	2542	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2543	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2544	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2545	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2546	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2547	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2548	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2549	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2550	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2551	ENDDO
	2552	ENDIF
	2553
	2554	CASE ( 2 )
	2555	!
	2556	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1839]	2557	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2232]	2558	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2559	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2560	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2561	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2562	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2563	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2564	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2565	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2566	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2567	ENDDO
	2568	ENDIF
	2569
	2570	CASE ( 3 )
	2571	!
	2572	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1839]	2573	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2232]	2574	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
	2575	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2576	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2577	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2578	ENDDO
	2579	ENDIF
	2580
	2581
	2582	CASE DEFAULT
	2583
	2584	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2585	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2586
	2587	END SELECT
	2588
	2589
	2590	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
	2591
	2592	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

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