Home

Context Navigation

source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 @ 2322

Last change on this file since 2322 was 2322, checked in by Giersch, 7 years ago
Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 109.1 KB

Rev	Line
[1820]	1	!> @file wind_turbine_model_mod.f90
[1912]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1819]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2257]	17	! Copyright 2009-2017 Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg
[2101]	18	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1912]	19	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	20	!
	21	! Current revisions:
	22	! -----------------
[1913]	23	!
[2233]	24	!
[1913]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: wind_turbine_model_mod.f90 2322 2017-07-26 08:30:28Z Giersch $
[2322]	28	! Bugfix of error message and assign error numbers
	29	!
	30	! 2257 2017-06-07 14:07:05Z witha
[2257]	31	! Bugfix: turb_cl_tab and turb_cd_tab were set to zero before being allocated
[1844]	32	!
[2257]	33	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
	34	!
[2233]	35	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	36	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	37	!
[2153]	38	! 2152 2017-02-17 13:27:24Z lvollmer
	39	! Bugfix in subroutine wtm_read_blade_tables
	40	! Addition of a tip loss model
	41	!
[2016]	42	! 2015 2016-09-28 08:45:18Z lvollmer
	43	! Bugfix of pitch control
	44	!
[2001]	45	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	46	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	47	!
[1930]	48	! 1929 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
	49	! Bugfix: added preprocessor directives for parallel and serial mode
	50	!
[1917]	51	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
[1821]	52	! Initial revision
	53	!
[1819]	54	!
	55	! Description:
	56	! ------------
	57	!> This module calculates the effect of wind turbines on the flow fields. The
	58	!> initial version contains only the advanced actuator disk with rotation method
	59	!> (ADM-R).
	60	!> The wind turbines include the tower effect, can be yawed and tilted.
	61	!> The wind turbine model includes controllers for rotational speed, pitch and
	62	!> yaw.
	63	!> Currently some specifications of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine
	64	!> are hardcoded whereas most input data comes from separate files (currently
	65	!> external, planned to be included as namelist which will be read in
	66	!> automatically).
	67	!>
	68	!> @todo Revise code according to PALM Coding Standard
	69	!> @todo Implement ADM and ALM turbine models
	70	!> @todo Generate header information
[1917]	71	!> @todo Implement further parameter checks and error messages
[1819]	72	!> @todo Revise and add code documentation
	73	!> @todo Output turbine parameters as timeseries
	74	!> @todo Include additional output variables
[1864]	75	!> @todo Revise smearing the forces for turbines in yaw
	76	!> @todo Revise nacelle and tower parameterization
	77	!> @todo Allow different turbine types in one simulation
[1819]	78	!
	79	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	80	MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod
	81
	82	USE arrays_3d, &
	83	ONLY: dd2zu, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
	84
	85	USE constants
	86
	87	USE control_parameters, &
	88	ONLY: dt_3d, dz, message_string, simulated_time
	89
	90	USE cpulog, &
	91	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s
	92
	93	USE grid_variables, &
	94	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
	95
	96	USE indices, &
	97	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nz, &
[2232]	98	nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0
[1819]	99
	100	USE kinds
	101
	102	USE pegrid
	103
	104
	105	IMPLICIT NONE
	106
[1864]	107	PRIVATE
[1819]	108
[1839]	109	LOGICAL :: wind_turbine=.FALSE. !< switch for use of wind turbine model
[1819]	110
	111	!
	112	!-- Variables specified in the namelist wind_turbine_par
	113
[1864]	114	INTEGER(iwp) :: nairfoils = 8 !< number of airfoils of the used turbine model (for ADM-R and ALM)
[1839]	115	INTEGER(iwp) :: nturbines = 1 !< number of turbines
[1819]	116
[1839]	117	LOGICAL :: pitch_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of pitch controller
	118	LOGICAL :: speed_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of speed controller
	119	LOGICAL :: yaw_control = .FALSE. !< switch for use of yaw controller
[2152]	120	LOGICAL :: tl_cor = .FALSE. !< switch for use of tip loss correct.
[1819]	121
[1839]	122	REAL(wp) :: segment_length = 1.0_wp !< length of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	123	!< (in tangential direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	124	REAL(wp) :: segment_width = 0.5_wp !< width of the segments, the rotor area is divided into
	125	!< (in radial direction, as factor of MIN(dx,dy,dz))
	126	REAL(wp) :: time_turbine_on = 0.0_wp !< time at which turbines are started
	127	REAL(wp) :: tilt = 0.0_wp !< vertical tilt of the rotor [degree] ( positive = backwards )
[1819]	128
[1912]	129	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: dtow = 0.0_wp !< tower diameter [m]
	130	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: omega_rot = 0.0_wp !< inital or constant rotor speed [rad/s]
	131	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: phi_yaw = 0.0_wp !< yaw angle [degree] ( clockwise, 0 = facing west )
	132	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: pitch_add = 0.0_wp !< constant pitch angle
	133	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcx = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in x-direction
	134	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcy = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in y-direction
	135	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rcz = 9999999.9_wp !< position of hub in z-direction
	136	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rnac = 0.0_wp !< nacelle diameter [m]
	137	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: rr = 63.0_wp !< rotor radius [m]
	138	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_nacelle = 0.85_wp !< drag coefficient for nacelle
	139	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100) :: turb_cd_tower = 1.2_wp !< drag coefficient for tower
[1839]	140
[1819]	141	!
	142	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for speed controller
	143	!-- Default values are from the NREL 5MW research turbine (Jonkman, 2008)
	144
[1912]	145	REAL(wp) :: rated_power = 5296610.0_wp !< rated turbine power [W]
[1839]	146	REAL(wp) :: gear_ratio = 97.0_wp !< Gear ratio from rotor to generator
	147	REAL(wp) :: inertia_rot = 34784179.0_wp !< Inertia of the rotor [kg/m2]
	148	REAL(wp) :: inertia_gen = 534.116_wp !< Inertia of the generator [kg/m2]
	149	REAL(wp) :: gen_eff = 0.944_wp !< Electric efficiency of the generator
	150	REAL(wp) :: gear_eff = 1.0_wp !< Loss between rotor and generator
	151	REAL(wp) :: air_dens = 1.225_wp !< Air density to convert to W [kg/m3]
	152	REAL(wp) :: rated_genspeed = 121.6805_wp !< Rated generator speed [rad/s]
[1912]	153	REAL(wp) :: max_torque_gen = 47402.91_wp !< Maximum of the generator torque [Nm]
[1839]	154	REAL(wp) :: slope2 = 2.332287_wp !< Slope constant for region 2
	155	REAL(wp) :: min_reg2 = 91.21091_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 2 [rad/s]
	156	REAL(wp) :: min_reg15 = 70.16224_wp !< Lower generator speed boundary of region 1.5 [rad/s]
[1912]	157	REAL(wp) :: max_trq_rate = 15000.0_wp !< Max generator torque increase [Nm/s]
	158	REAL(wp) :: pitch_rate = 8.0_wp !< Max pitch rate [degree/s]
[1839]	159
[1912]	160
[1819]	161	!
	162	!-- Variables specified in the namelist for yaw control
	163
[1839]	164	REAL(wp) :: yaw_speed = 0.005236_wp !< speed of the yaw actuator [rad/s]
	165	REAL(wp) :: max_miss = 0.08726_wp !< maximum tolerated yaw missalignment [rad]
	166	REAL(wp) :: min_miss = 0.008726_wp !< minimum yaw missalignment for which the actuator stops [rad]
	167
[1819]	168	!
	169	!-- Set flag for output files TURBINE_PARAMETERS
	170	TYPE file_status
	171	LOGICAL :: opened, opened_before
	172	END TYPE file_status
	173
[1912]	174	TYPE(file_status), DIMENSION(500) :: openfile_turb_mod = &
	175	file_status(.FALSE.,.FALSE.)
[1819]	176
	177	!
	178	!-- Variables for initialization of the turbine model
	179
[1839]	180	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	181	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsegs_max !< maximum number of segments (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	182	INTEGER(iwp) :: nrings_max !< maximum number of rings (all turbines, required for allocation of arrays)
	183	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring !< ring loop index (ring number)
	184	INTEGER(iwp) :: rr_int !<
	185	INTEGER(iwp) :: upper_end !<
[1819]	186
[1839]	187	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct !<
[1819]	188
[1912]	189	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_hub !< index belonging to x-position of the turbine
	190	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (x-direction)
	191	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_hub !< index belonging to y-position of the turbine
	192	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (y-direction)
	193	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_hub !< index belonging to hub height
	194	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_smear !< index defining the area for the smearing of the forces (z-direction)
	195	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nrings !< number of rings per turbine
	196	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs_total !< total number of segments per turbine
[1819]	197
[1912]	198	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsegs !< number of segments per ring and turbine
[1819]	199
[1912]	200	!
	201	!- parameters for the smearing from the rotor to the cartesian grid
[1864]	202	REAL(wp) :: pol_a !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
	203	REAL(wp) :: pol_b !< parameter for the polynomial smearing fct
[1912]	204	REAL(wp) :: delta_t_factor !<
[1864]	205	REAL(wp) :: eps_factor !<
[1839]	206	REAL(wp) :: eps_min !<
	207	REAL(wp) :: eps_min2 !<
	208	REAL(wp) :: sqrt_arg !<
[1819]	209
[1839]	210	!
	211	!-- Variables for the calculation of lift and drag coefficients
[1912]	212	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ard !<
	213	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: crd !<
	214	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: delta_r !< radial segment length
	215	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lrd !<
[1864]	216
[1912]	217	REAL(wp) :: accu_cl_cd_tab = 0.1_wp !< Accuracy of the interpolation of
	218	!< the lift and drag coeff [deg]
[1819]	219
[1912]	220	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_tab !< table of the blade drag coefficient
	221	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_tab !< table of the blade lift coefficient
[1819]	222
[1912]	223	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: nac_cd_surf !< 3d field of the tower drag coefficient
	224	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tow_cd_surf !< 3d field of the nacelle drag coefficient
[1819]	225
	226	!
	227	!-- Variables for the calculation of the forces
[1912]	228
[1839]	229	REAL(wp) :: cur_r !<
[1912]	230	REAL(wp) :: delta_t !< tangential segment length
[1839]	231	REAL(wp) :: phi_rotor !<
	232	REAL(wp) :: pre_factor !<
	233	REAL(wp) :: torque_seg !<
	234	REAL(wp) :: u_int_l !<
	235	REAL(wp) :: u_int_u !<
	236	REAL(wp) :: u_rot !<
	237	REAL(wp) :: v_int_l !<
	238	REAL(wp) :: v_int_u !<
	239	REAL(wp) :: w_int_l !<
	240	REAL(wp) :: w_int_u !<
[1912]	241	!
	242	!- Tendencies from the nacelle and tower thrust
	243	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_x = 0.0_wp !<
	244	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_x = 0.0_wp !<
	245	REAL(wp) :: tend_nac_y = 0.0_wp !<
	246	REAL(wp) :: tend_tow_y = 0.0_wp !<
[1819]	247
[1912]	248	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack !<
	249	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chord !<
	250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen !< curr. generator speed
	251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: phi_rel !<
	252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pitch_add_old!<
	253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_total !<
	254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_rotor !<
	255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl !<
	256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd !<
	257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vrel !<
	258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vtheta !<
	259
	260	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rbx, rby, rbz !< coordinates of the blade elements
	261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rotx, roty, rotz !< normal vectors to the rotor coordinates
	262
	263	!
	264	!- Fields for the interpolation of velocities on the rotor grid
	265	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int !<
	266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: u_int_1_l !<
	267	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int !<
	268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: v_int_1_l !<
	269	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int !<
	270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: w_int_1_l !<
	271
	272	!
	273	!- rotor tendencies on the segments
	274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_seg !<
	275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_y !<
	276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_seg_z !<
	277
	278	!
	279	!- rotor tendencies on the rings
	280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust_ring !<
	281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_y !<
	282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_ring_z !<
	283
	284	!
	285	!- rotor tendencies on rotor grids for all turbines
	286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: thrust !<
	287	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_y !<
	288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_z !<
	289
	290	!
	291	!- rotor tendencies on coordinate grid
	292	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_x !<
	293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_y !<
	294	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rot_tend_z !<
	295	!
	296	!- variables for the rotation of the rotor coordinates
	297	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:100,1:3,1:3) :: rot_coord_trans !< matrix for rotation of rotor coordinates
	298
[1839]	299	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_rad !<
	300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_azi !<
	301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rot_eigen_nor !<
	302	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: re !<
	303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rea !<
	304	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ren !<
	305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rote !<
	306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rota !<
	307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: rotn !<
[1819]	308
[1839]	309	!
	310	!-- Fixed variables for the speed controller
[1819]	311
[1912]	312	LOGICAL :: start_up = .TRUE. !<
[1864]	313
[1912]	314	REAL(wp) :: Fcorner !< corner freq for the controller low pass filter
	315	REAL(wp) :: min_reg25 !< min region 2.5
	316	REAL(wp) :: om_rate !< rotor speed change
	317	REAL(wp) :: slope15 !< slope in region 1.5
	318	REAL(wp) :: slope25 !< slope in region 2.5
	319	REAL(wp) :: trq_rate !< torque change
	320	REAL(wp) :: vs_sysp !<
	321	REAL(wp) :: lp_coeff !< coeff for the controller low pass filter
[1864]	322
	323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_old !< last gen. speed
	324	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_f !< filtered gen. sp
	325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: omega_gen_f_old !< last filt. gen. sp
	326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_gen !< generator torque
	327	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: torque_gen_old !< last gen. torque
[1819]	328
[1864]	329	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(100) :: omega_rot_l = 0.0_wp !< local rot speed [rad/s]
[1839]	330	!
	331	!-- Fixed variables for the yaw controller
[1819]	332
[1912]	333	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: yawdir !< direction to yaw
	334	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: phi_yaw_l !< local (cpu) yaw angle
	335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd30_l !< local (cpu) long running avg of the wd
	336	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wd2_l !< local (cpu) short running avg of the wd
	337	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir !< wind direction at hub
	338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow !< wind speed at hub
	339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: wdir_l !<
	340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:) , ALLOCATABLE :: u_inflow_l !<
	341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd30 !<
	342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: wd2 !<
	343	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(1:100) :: doyaw = .FALSE. !<
	344	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDLON !<
	345	INTEGER(iwp) :: WDSHO !<
[1819]	346
	347
[1839]	348	SAVE
[1819]	349
[1839]	350
	351	INTERFACE wtm_parin
	352	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_parin
	353	END INTERFACE wtm_parin
[1912]	354
	355	INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
	356	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_check_parameters
	357	END INTERFACE wtm_check_parameters
[1839]	358
	359	INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	360	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_arrays
	361	END INTERFACE wtm_init_arrays
	362
	363	INTERFACE wtm_init
	364	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init
	365	END INTERFACE wtm_init
	366
[1912]	367	INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
	368	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_read_blade_tables
	369	END INTERFACE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	370
[1819]	371	INTERFACE wtm_forces
	372	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_forces
[1839]	373	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	374	END INTERFACE wtm_forces
[1864]	375
	376	INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	377	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_rotate_rotor
	378	END INTERFACE wtm_rotate_rotor
	379
	380	INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
	381	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_init_speed_control
	382	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_speed_control
	383	END INTERFACE wtm_speed_control
[1819]	384
	385	INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
	386	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies
	387	MODULE PROCEDURE wtm_tendencies_ij
	388	END INTERFACE wtm_tendencies
[1864]	389
	390
[1912]	391	PUBLIC wtm_check_parameters, wtm_forces, wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, &
	392	wtm_parin, wtm_tendencies, wtm_tendencies_ij, wind_turbine
[1819]	393
	394	CONTAINS
	395
	396
	397	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	398	! Description:
	399	! ------------
[1839]	400	!> Parin for &wind_turbine_par for wind turbine model
[1819]	401	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	402	SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
[1819]	403
	404
	405	IMPLICIT NONE
[1912]	406
	407	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
[1819]	408
[1839]	409	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	410
	411	NAMELIST /wind_turbine_par/ air_dens, dtow, gear_eff, gear_ratio, &
[1864]	412	gen_eff, inertia_gen, inertia_rot, max_miss, &
[1839]	413	max_torque_gen, max_trq_rate, min_miss, &
[1864]	414	min_reg15, min_reg2, nairfoils, nturbines, &
[1912]	415	omega_rot, phi_yaw, pitch_add, pitch_control,&
[1839]	416	rated_genspeed, rated_power, rcx, rcy, rcz, &
	417	rnac, rr, segment_length, segment_width, &
[1864]	418	slope2, speed_control, tilt, time_turbine_on,&
[1912]	419	turb_cd_nacelle, turb_cd_tower, &
[2152]	420	yaw_control, yaw_speed, tl_cor
[1839]	421
[1819]	422	!
[1839]	423	!-- Try to find wind turbine model package
	424	REWIND ( 11 )
	425	line = ' '
	426	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&wind_turbine_par' ) == 0 )
	427	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	428	ENDDO
	429	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	430
	431	!
	432	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[1912]	433	READ ( 11, wind_turbine_par, IOSTAT=ierrn )
	434
	435	IF ( ierrn < 0 ) THEN
	436	message_string = 'errors in \$wind_turbine_par'
[2322]	437	CALL message( 'wtm_parin', 'PA0460', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	438	ENDIF
	439
[1839]	440	!
	441	!-- Set flag that indicates that the wind turbine model is switched on
	442	wind_turbine = .TRUE.
	443
[1912]	444	10 CONTINUE ! TBD Change from continue, mit ierrn machen
[1839]	445
	446
	447	END SUBROUTINE wtm_parin
	448
[1912]	449	SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	450
	451
	452	IMPLICIT NONE
	453
	454	IF ( ( .NOT.speed_control ) .AND. pitch_control ) THEN
	455	message_string = 'pitch_control = .TRUE. requires '// &
	456	'speed_control = .TRUE.'
[2322]	457	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0461', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	458	ENDIF
	459
[2322]	460	IF ( ANY( omega_rot(1:nturbines) < 0.0 ) ) THEN
	461	message_string = 'omega_rot < 0.0, Please set omega_rot to ' // &
[1912]	462	'a value larger than zero'
[2322]	463	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0462', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	464	ENDIF
	465
	466
	467	IF ( ANY( rcx(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	468	ANY( rcy(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR. &
	469	ANY( rcz(1:nturbines) == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
	470
	471	message_string = 'rcx, rcy, rcz ' // &
	472	'have to be given for each turbine.'
[2322]	473	CALL message( 'wtm_check_parameters', 'PA0463', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1912]	474
	475	ENDIF
	476
	477
	478	END SUBROUTINE wtm_check_parameters
	479
	480
[1839]	481	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	482	! Description:
	483	! ------------
	484	!> Allocate wind turbine model arrays
	485	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	486	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
	487
	488
	489	IMPLICIT NONE
	490
[1864]	491	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_factor !<
	492	REAL(wp) :: delta_r_init !<
	493
[1839]	494	!
	495	!-- To be able to allocate arrays with dimension of rotor rings and segments,
[1819]	496	!-- the maximum possible numbers of rings and segments have to be calculated:
	497
	498	ALLOCATE( nrings(1:nturbines) )
	499	ALLOCATE( delta_r(1:nturbines) )
	500
	501	nrings(:) = 0
	502	delta_r(:) = 0.0_wp
	503
	504	!
	505	!-- Thickness (radial) of each ring and length (tangential) of each segment:
	506	delta_r_factor = segment_width
	507	delta_t_factor = segment_length
	508	delta_r_init = delta_r_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	509	delta_t = delta_t_factor * MIN( dx, dy, dz)
	510
	511	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	512	!
	513	!-- Determine number of rings:
	514	nrings(inot) = NINT( rr(inot) / delta_r_init )
	515
	516	delta_r(inot) = rr(inot) / nrings(inot)
	517
	518	ENDDO
	519
	520	nrings_max = MAXVAL(nrings)
	521
	522	ALLOCATE( nsegs(1:nrings_max,1:nturbines) )
	523	ALLOCATE( nsegs_total(1:nturbines) )
	524
	525	nsegs(:,:) = 0
	526	nsegs_total(:) = 0
	527
	528
	529	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	530	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	531	!
	532	!-- Determine number of segments for each ring:
[1839]	533	nsegs(ring,inot) = MAX( 8, CEILING( delta_r_factor * pi * &
	534	( 2.0_wp * ring - 1.0_wp ) / &
	535	delta_t_factor ) )
[1819]	536	ENDDO
	537	!
	538	!-- Total sum of all rotor segments:
[1839]	539	nsegs_total(inot) = SUM( nsegs(:,inot) )
[1819]	540
	541	ENDDO
	542
	543	!
	544	!-- Maximum number of segments per ring:
	545	nsegs_max = MAXVAL(nsegs)
	546
[1864]	547	!!
	548	!!-- TODO: Folgendes im Header ausgeben!
	549	! IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	550	! PRINT*, 'nrings(1) = ', nrings(1)
	551	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	552	! PRINT*, 'nsegs(:,1) = ', nsegs(:,1)
	553	! PRINT*, '--------------------------------------------------'
	554	! PRINT*, 'nrings_max = ', nrings_max
	555	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_max = ', nsegs_max
	556	! PRINT*, 'nsegs_total(1) = ', nsegs_total(1)
	557	! ENDIF
[1819]	558
	559
	560	!
	561	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of turbines)
	562	ALLOCATE( i_hub(1:nturbines) )
	563	ALLOCATE( i_smear(1:nturbines) )
	564	ALLOCATE( j_hub(1:nturbines) )
	565	ALLOCATE( j_smear(1:nturbines) )
	566	ALLOCATE( k_hub(1:nturbines) )
	567	ALLOCATE( k_smear(1:nturbines) )
	568	ALLOCATE( torque_total(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	569	ALLOCATE( thrust_rotor(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	570
	571	!
	572	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for speed pitch_control
	573	ALLOCATE( omega_gen(1:nturbines) )
[1864]	574	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_old(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	575	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_f(1:nturbines) )
	576	ALLOCATE( omega_gen_f_old(1:nturbines) )
[1912]	577	ALLOCATE( pitch_add_old(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	578	ALLOCATE( torque_gen(1:nturbines) )
	579	ALLOCATE( torque_gen_old(1:nturbines) )
	580
	581	!
	582	!-- Allocation of the 1D arrays for yaw control
	583	ALLOCATE( yawdir(1:nturbines) )
	584	ALLOCATE( u_inflow(1:nturbines) )
	585	ALLOCATE( wdir(1:nturbines) )
	586	ALLOCATE( u_inflow_l(1:nturbines) )
	587	ALLOCATE( wdir_l(1:nturbines) )
	588	ALLOCATE( phi_yaw_l(1:nturbines) )
	589
	590	!
	591	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	592	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack(1:nsegs_max) )
	593	ALLOCATE( chord(1:nsegs_max) )
	594	ALLOCATE( phi_rel(1:nsegs_max) )
	595	ALLOCATE( thrust_seg(1:nsegs_max) )
	596	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_y(1:nsegs_max) )
	597	ALLOCATE( torque_seg_z(1:nsegs_max) )
[1839]	598	ALLOCATE( turb_cd(1:nsegs_max) )
	599	ALLOCATE( turb_cl(1:nsegs_max) )
[1819]	600	ALLOCATE( vrel(1:nsegs_max) )
	601	ALLOCATE( vtheta(1:nsegs_max) )
	602
	603	!
	604	!-- Allocate 2D arrays (dimension = number of rotor rings and segments)
	605	ALLOCATE( rbx(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	606	ALLOCATE( rby(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	607	ALLOCATE( rbz(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	608	ALLOCATE( thrust_ring(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	609	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_y(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	610	ALLOCATE( torque_ring_z(1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	611
	612	!
	613	!-- Allocate additional 2D arrays
	614	ALLOCATE( rotx(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	615	ALLOCATE( roty(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	616	ALLOCATE( rotz(1:nturbines,1:3) )
	617
	618	!
	619	!-- Allocate 3D arrays (dimension = number of grid points)
[1912]	620	ALLOCATE( nac_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	621	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_x(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	622	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	623	ALLOCATE( rot_tend_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	624	ALLOCATE( thrust(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	625	ALLOCATE( torque_y(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	626	ALLOCATE( torque_z(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1912]	627	ALLOCATE( tow_cd_surf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1819]	628
	629	!
	630	!-- Allocate additional 3D arrays
	631	ALLOCATE( u_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	632	ALLOCATE( u_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	633	ALLOCATE( v_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	634	ALLOCATE( v_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	635	ALLOCATE( w_int(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	636	ALLOCATE( w_int_1_l(1:nturbines,1:nrings_max,1:nsegs_max) )
	637
	638	!
	639	!-- All of the arrays are initialized with a value of zero:
	640	i_hub(:) = 0
	641	i_smear(:) = 0
	642	j_hub(:) = 0
	643	j_smear(:) = 0
	644	k_hub(:) = 0
	645	k_smear(:) = 0
[1912]	646
[1819]	647	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	648	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	649
	650	omega_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	651	omega_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	652	omega_gen_f(:) = 0.0_wp
	653	omega_gen_f_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	654	pitch_add_old(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	655	torque_gen(:) = 0.0_wp
	656	torque_gen_old(:) = 0.0_wp
	657
	658	yawdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	659	wdir(:) = 0.0_wp
	660	u_inflow(:) = 0.0_wp
	661
	662	!
	663	!-- Allocate 1D arrays (dimension = number of rotor segments)
	664	alpha_attack(:) = 0.0_wp
	665	chord(:) = 0.0_wp
	666	phi_rel(:) = 0.0_wp
	667	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	668	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	669	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
[1864]	670	turb_cd(:) = 0.0_wp
	671	turb_cl(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	672	vrel(:) = 0.0_wp
	673	vtheta(:) = 0.0_wp
	674
	675	rbx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	676	rby(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	677	rbz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	678	thrust_ring(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	679	torque_ring_y(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	680	torque_ring_z(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	681
	682	rotx(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	683	roty(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	684	rotz(:,:) = 0.0_wp
	685
[1912]	686	nac_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	687	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	688	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	689	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	690	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	691	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	692	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	693	tow_cd_surf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	694
	695	u_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	696	u_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	697	v_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	698	v_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	699	w_int(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	700	w_int_1_l(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	701
	702
[1839]	703	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_arrays
[1819]	704
	705
	706	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	707	! Description:
	708	! ------------
[1839]	709	!> Initialization of the wind turbine model
[1819]	710	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	711	SUBROUTINE wtm_init
[1819]	712
[1839]	713
[1819]	714	IMPLICIT NONE
	715
	716	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	717	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	718	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1864]	719
[1819]	720	!
[1864]	721	!-- Help variables for the smearing function
	722	REAL(wp) :: eps_kernel !<
	723
[1839]	724	!
[1864]	725	!-- Help variables for calculation of the tower drag
	726	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_n !<
	727	INTEGER(iwp) :: tower_s !<
[1839]	728	!
[1864]	729	!-- Help variables for the calulaction of the nacelle drag
	730	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ip !<
	731	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_ipg !<
	732
	733	REAL(wp) :: yvalue
	734	REAL(wp) :: dy_int !<
	735	REAL(wp) :: dz_int !<
	736
	737	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: circle_points !<
	738
	739	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacb !<
	740	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacl !<
	741	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nacr !<
	742	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: index_nact !<
	743
	744	ALLOCATE( index_nacb(1:nturbines) )
	745	ALLOCATE( index_nacl(1:nturbines) )
	746	ALLOCATE( index_nacr(1:nturbines) )
	747	ALLOCATE( index_nact(1:nturbines) )
[1819]	748
	749
[1864]	750	IF ( speed_control) THEN
	751
	752	CALL wtm_speed_control
	753
	754	ENDIF
	755
[1839]	756	!
[1819]	757	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	758	!-- Calculation of parameters for the regularization kernel
	759	!-- (smearing of the forces)
[1819]	760	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	761	!
[1839]	762	!-- In the following, some of the required parameters for the smearing will
	763	!-- be calculated:
[1819]	764
[1839]	765	!-- The kernel is set equal to twice the grid spacing which has turned out to
	766	!-- be a reasonable value (see e.g. Troldborg et al. (2013), Wind Energy,
[1819]	767	!-- DOI: 10.1002/we.1608):
	768	eps_kernel = 2.0_wp * dx
	769	!
[1839]	770	!-- The zero point (eps_min) of the polynomial function must be the following
	771	!-- if the integral of the polynomial function (for values < eps_min) shall
	772	!-- be equal to the integral of the Gaussian function used before:
	773	eps_min = ( 105.0_wp / 32.0_wp )*( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) &
	774	pi*( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) eps_kernel
[1819]	775	!
	776	!-- Square of eps_min:
	777	eps_min2 = eps_min**2
	778	!
	779	!-- Parameters in the polynomial function:
[1864]	780	pol_a = 1.0_wp / eps_min**4
	781	pol_b = 2.0_wp / eps_min**2
[1819]	782	!
[1839]	783	!-- Normalization factor which is the inverse of the integral of the smearing
	784	!-- function:
	785	eps_factor = 105.0_wp / ( 32.0_wp * pi * eps_min**3 )
	786
[1864]	787	!-- Change tilt angle to rad:
	788	tilt = tilt * pi / 180.0_wp
	789
[1819]	790	!
[1864]	791	!-- Change yaw angle to rad:
	792	phi_yaw(:) = phi_yaw(:) * pi / 180.0_wp
[1819]	793
[1864]	794
[1819]	795	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	796	!
[1864]	797	!-- Rotate the rotor coordinates in case yaw and tilt are defined
	798	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	799
	800	!
	801	!-- Determine the indices of the hub height
	802	i_hub(inot) = INT( rcx(inot) / dx )
	803	j_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	804	k_hub(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz )
	805
	806	!
	807	!-- Determining the area to which the smearing of the forces is applied.
[1839]	808	!-- As smearing now is effectively applied only for distances smaller than
	809	!-- eps_min, the smearing area can be further limited and regarded as a
	810	!-- function of eps_min:
[1819]	811	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dx )
	812	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dy )
	813	k_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) + eps_min ) / dz )
[1864]	814
[1819]	815	ENDDO
	816
	817	!
	818	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1839]	819	!-- Determine the area within each grid cell that overlaps with the area
	820	!-- of the nacelle and the tower (needed for calculation of the forces)
[1819]	821	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	822	!
	823	!-- Note: so far this is only a 2D version, in that the mean flow is
	824	!-- perpendicular to the rotor area.
	825
	826	!
	827	!-- Allocation of the array containing information on the intersection points
	828	!-- between rotor disk and the numerical grid:
	829	upper_end = ( ny + 1 ) * 10000
	830
	831	ALLOCATE( circle_points(1:2,1:upper_end) )
[1839]	832
	833	circle_points(:,:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	834
[1839]	835
	836	DO inot = 1, nturbines ! loop over number of turbines
[1819]	837	!
[1839]	838	!-- Determine the grid index (u-grid) that corresponds to the location of
	839	!-- the rotor center (reduces the amount of calculations in the case that
	840	!-- the mean flow is perpendicular to the rotor area):
[1819]	841	i = i_hub(inot)
	842
	843	!
[1839]	844	!-- Determine the left and the right edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	845	!-- grid point indices):
[1819]	846	index_nacl(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) - rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	847	index_nacr(inot) = INT( ( rcy(inot) + rnac(inot) + 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy )
	848	!
[1839]	849	!-- Determine the bottom and the top edge of the nacelle (corresponding
	850	!-- grid point indices).The grid point index has to be increased by 1, as
	851	!-- the first level for the u-component (index 0) is situated below the
	852	!-- surface. All points between z=0 and z=dz/s would already be contained
	853	!-- in grid box 1.
[1819]	854	index_nacb(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) - rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	855	index_nact(inot) = INT( ( rcz(inot) + rnac(inot) ) / dz ) + 1
	856
	857	!
	858	!-- Determine the indices of the grid boxes containing the left and
[1864]	859	!-- the right boundaries of the tower:
[1819]	860	tower_n = ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	861	tower_s = ( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) - 0.5_wp * dy ) / dy
	862
	863	!
	864	!-- Determine the fraction of the grid box area overlapping with the tower
[1864]	865	!-- area and multiply it with the drag of the tower:
[1839]	866	IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1819]	867
	868	DO j = nys, nyn
	869	!
[1839]	870	!-- Loop from south to north boundary of tower
	871	IF ( ( j >= tower_s ) .AND. ( j <= tower_n ) ) THEN
	872
[1819]	873	DO k = nzb, nzt
	874
	875	IF ( k == k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	876	IF ( tower_n - tower_s >= 1 ) THEN
[1839]	877	!
[1819]	878	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	879	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	880	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	881	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	882	( ( tower_s + 1.0_wp + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	883	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	884	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	885	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	886	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	887	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * & ! extension in z-direction
	888	( ( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	889	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) * & ! extension in y-direction
	890	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	891	!
	892	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	893	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	894	ELSE
[1912]	895	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
	896	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
	897	dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	898	ENDIF
	899	!
	900	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	901	ELSE
[1912]	902	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = ( rcz(inot) - &
[1839]	903	( k_hub(inot) * dz - 0.5_wp * dz ) ) * &
[1912]	904	dtow(inot) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	905	ENDIF
[1839]	906	!
	907	!-- In case that k is smaller than k_hub the following actions
	908	!-- are carried out:
[1819]	909	ELSEIF ( k < k_hub(inot) ) THEN
	910
[1839]	911	IF ( ( tower_n - tower_s ) >= 1 ) THEN
	912	!
[1819]	913	!-- leftmost and rightmost grid box:
	914	IF ( j == tower_s ) THEN
[1912]	915	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	916	( tower_s + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - &
	917	( rcy(inot) - 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) &
[1912]	918	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	919	ELSEIF ( j == tower_n ) THEN
[1912]	920	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * ( &
[1839]	921	( rcy(inot) + 0.5_wp * dtow(inot) ) - &
	922	( tower_n + 0.5_wp ) * dy &
[1912]	923	) * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	924	!
	925	!-- grid boxes inbetween
[1912]	926	!-- (where tow_cd_surf = grid box area):
[1819]	927	ELSE
[1912]	928	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dy * turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1819]	929	ENDIF
[1839]	930	!
[1819]	931	!-- tower lies completely within one grid box:
	932	ELSE
[1912]	933	tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) = dz * dtow(inot) * &
	934	turb_cd_tower(inot)
[1839]	935	ENDIF ! end if larger than grid box
	936
	937	ENDIF ! end if k == k_hub
	938
	939	ENDDO ! end loop over k
	940
	941	ENDIF ! end if inside north and south boundary of tower
	942
	943	ENDDO ! end loop over j
	944
	945	ENDIF ! end if hub inside domain + ghostpoints
[1819]	946
[1839]	947
[1912]	948	CALL exchange_horiz( tow_cd_surf, nbgp )
[1819]	949
[1839]	950	!
[1864]	951	!-- Calculation of the nacelle area
	952	!-- CAUTION: Currently disabled due to segmentation faults on the FLOW HPC
	953	!-- cluster (Oldenburg)
	954	!!
	955	!!-- Tabulate the points on the circle that are required in the following for
	956	!!-- the calculation of the Riemann integral (node points; they are called
	957	!!-- circle_points in the following):
	958	!
	959	! dy_int = dy / 10000.0_wp
	960	!
	961	! DO i_ip = 1, upper_end
	962	! yvalue = dy_int * ( i_ip - 0.5_wp ) + 0.5_wp * dy !<--- segmentation fault
	963	! sqrt_arg = rnac(inot)2 - ( yvalue - rcy(inot) )2 !<--- segmentation fault
	964	! IF ( sqrt_arg >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	965	!!
	966	!!-- bottom intersection point
	967	! circle_points(1,i_ip) = rcz(inot) - SQRT( sqrt_arg )
	968	!!
	969	!!-- top intersection point
	970	! circle_points(2,i_ip) = rcz(inot) + SQRT( sqrt_arg ) !<--- segmentation fault
	971	! ELSE
	972	! circle_points(:,i_ip) = -111111 !<--- segmentation fault
	973	! ENDIF
	974	! ENDDO
	975	!
	976	!
	977	! DO j = nys, nyn
	978	!!
	979	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the nacelle
	980	!!-- (y) it can automatically be stated that there is no overlap between
	981	!!-- the grid box and the nacelle and consequently we can set
[1912]	982	!!-- nac_cd_surf(:,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	983	! IF ( ( j >= index_nacl(inot) ) .AND. ( j <= index_nacr(inot) ) ) THEN
	984	! DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	985	!!
	986	!!-- In case that the grid box is located completely outside the
	987	!!-- nacelle (z) it can automatically be stated that there is no
	988	!!-- overlap between the grid box and the nacelle and consequently
[1912]	989	!!-- we can set nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = 0.0:
[1864]	990	! IF ( ( k >= index_nacb(inot) ) .OR. &
	991	! ( k <= index_nact(inot) ) ) THEN
	992	!!
	993	!!-- For all other cases Riemann integrals are calculated.
	994	!!-- Here, the points on the circle that have been determined
	995	!!-- above are used in order to calculate the overlap between the
	996	!!-- gridbox and the nacelle area (area approached by 10000
	997	!!-- rectangulars dz_int * dy_int):
	998	! DO i_ipg = 1, 10000
	999	! dz_int = dz
	1000	! i_ip = j * 10000 + i_ipg
	1001	!!
	1002	!!-- Determine the vertical extension dz_int of the circle
	1003	!!-- within the current grid box:
	1004	! IF ( ( circle_points(2,i_ip) < zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1005	! ( circle_points(2,i_ip) >= zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1006	! dz_int = dz_int - & !<--- segmentation fault
	1007	! ( zw(k) - circle_points(2,i_ip) )
	1008	! ENDIF
	1009	! IF ( ( circle_points(1,i_ip) <= zw(k) ) .AND. & !<--- segmentation fault
	1010	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) > zw(k-1) ) ) THEN
	1011	! dz_int = dz_int - &
	1012	! ( circle_points(1,i_ip) - zw(k-1) )
	1013	! ENDIF
	1014	! IF ( zw(k-1) > circle_points(2,i_ip) ) THEN
	1015	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1016	! ENDIF
	1017	! IF ( zw(k) < circle_points(1,i_ip) ) THEN
	1018	! dz_int = 0.0_wp
	1019	! ENDIF
	1020	! IF ( ( nxlg <= i ) .AND. ( nxrg >= i ) ) THEN
[1912]	1021	! nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) = nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) + & !<--- segmentation fault
	1022	! dy_int * dz_int * turb_cd_nacelle(inot)
[1864]	1023	! ENDIF
	1024	! ENDDO
	1025	! ENDIF
	1026	! ENDDO
	1027	! ENDIF
[1819]	1028	!
[1864]	1029	! ENDDO
[1819]	1030	!
[1912]	1031	! CALL exchange_horiz( nac_cd_surf, nbgp ) !<--- segmentation fault
[1819]	1032
[1864]	1033	ENDDO ! end of loop over turbines
[1819]	1034
[1912]	1035	tow_cd_surf = tow_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize tower drag
	1036	nac_cd_surf = nac_cd_surf / ( dx * dy * dz ) ! Normalize nacelle drag
[1819]	1037
[1912]	1038	CALL wtm_read_blade_tables
[1839]	1039
[1864]	1040	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init
	1041
	1042
[1819]	1043	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1864]	1044	! Description:
	1045	! ------------
	1046	!> Read in layout of the rotor blade , the lift and drag tables
	1047	!> and the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade
[1819]	1048	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1912]	1049	!
	1050	SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1051
[1839]	1052
[1864]	1053	IMPLICIT NONE
	1054
	1055	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< running index
	1056	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< running index
[1843]	1057
[1864]	1058	INTEGER(iwp) :: ierrn !<
	1059
	1060	CHARACTER(200) :: chmess !< Read in string
[1839]	1061
[1864]	1062	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlen !< no. rows of local table
	1063	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl !< no. rows of cd, cl table
	1064	INTEGER(iwp) :: ialpha !< table position of current alpha value
	1065	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha !<
	1066	INTEGER(iwp) :: iir !<
	1067	INTEGER(iwp) :: radres !< radial resolution
	1068	INTEGER(iwp) :: t1 !< no. of airfoil
	1069	INTEGER(iwp) :: t2 !< no. of airfoil
	1070	INTEGER(iwp) :: trow !<
	1071	INTEGER(iwp) :: dlenbl_int !< no. rows of interpolated cd, cl tables
[1839]	1072
[1864]	1073	REAL(wp) :: alpha_attack_i !<
	1074	REAL(wp) :: weight_a !<
	1075	REAL(wp) :: weight_b !<
[1839]	1076
[1864]	1077	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint1 !<
	1078	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ttoint2 !<
[1839]	1079
[1864]	1080	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel1 !<
	1081	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_sel2 !<
	1082	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel1 !<
	1083	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_sel2 !<
	1084	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: read_cl_cd !< read in var array
[1839]	1085
[1864]	1086	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: alpha_attack_tab !<
	1087	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad1 !<
	1088	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: trad2 !<
	1089	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cd_table !<
	1090	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: turb_cl_table !<
[1839]	1091
[1864]	1092	ALLOCATE ( read_cl_cd(1:2*nairfoils+1) )
[1839]	1093
[1864]	1094	!
	1095	!-- Read in the distribution of lift and drag tables along the blade, the
	1096	!-- layout of the rotor blade and the lift and drag tables:
	1097
	1098	OPEN ( 201, FILE='WTM_DATA', STATUS='OLD', FORM='FORMATTED', IOSTAT=ierrn )
	1099
	1100	IF ( ierrn /= 0 ) THEN
	1101	message_string = 'file WTM_DATA does not exist'
[2322]	1102	CALL message( 'wtm_init', 'PA0464', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1864]	1103	ENDIF
	1104	!
	1105	!-- Read distribution table:
	1106
	1107	dlen = 0
	1108
	1109	READ ( 201, '(3/)' )
	1110
	1111	rloop3: DO
	1112	READ ( 201, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
	1113	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop3
	1114	dlen = dlen + 1
	1115	ENDDO rloop3
	1116
	1117	ALLOCATE( trad1(1:dlen), trad2(1:dlen), ttoint1(1:dlen), ttoint2(1:dlen))
	1118
	1119	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
	1120	BACKSPACE ( 201, IOSTAT=ierrn )
	1121	ENDDO
	1122
	1123	DO jj = 1,dlen
	1124	READ ( 201, * ) trad1(jj), trad2(jj), ttoint1(jj), ttoint2(jj)
	1125	ENDDO
	1126
	1127	!
	1128	!-- Read layout table:
	1129
[1839]	1130	dlen = 0
[1864]	1131
[1839]	1132	READ ( 201, '(3/)')
[1864]	1133
[1843]	1134	rloop1: DO
[1864]	1135	READ ( 201, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
	1136	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop1
	1137	dlen = dlen + 1
[1843]	1138	ENDDO rloop1
[1864]	1139
[1839]	1140	ALLOCATE( lrd(1:dlen), ard(1:dlen), crd(1:dlen) )
[1864]	1141	DO jj = 1, dlen+1
	1142	BACKSPACE ( 201, IOSTAT=ierrn )
	1143	ENDDO
	1144	DO jj = 1, dlen
	1145	READ ( 201, * ) lrd(jj), ard(jj), crd(jj)
[1839]	1146	ENDDO
[1819]	1147
[1864]	1148	!
	1149	!-- Read tables (turb_cl(alpha),turb_cd(alpha) for the different profiles:
[1819]	1150
[1864]	1151	dlen = 0
	1152
[1839]	1153	READ ( 201, '(3/)' )
[1864]	1154
[1843]	1155	rloop2: DO
[1864]	1156	READ ( 201, *, IOSTAT=ierrn ) chmess
	1157	IF ( ierrn < 0 .OR. chmess == '#' .OR. chmess == '') EXIT rloop2
	1158	dlen = dlen + 1
	1159	ENDDO rloop2
	1160
[1912]	1161	ALLOCATE( alpha_attack_tab(1:dlen), turb_cl_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils), &
[1864]	1162	turb_cd_table(1:dlen,1:nairfoils) )
	1163
	1164	DO jj = 1,dlen+1
	1165	BACKSPACE ( 201, IOSTAT=ierrn )
	1166	ENDDO
	1167
[1839]	1168	DO jj = 1,dlen
[1864]	1169	READ ( 201, * ) read_cl_cd
	1170	alpha_attack_tab(jj) = read_cl_cd(1)
	1171	DO ii= 1, nairfoils
	1172	turb_cl_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2)
	1173	turb_cd_table(jj,ii) = read_cl_cd(ii*2+1)
[1819]	1174	ENDDO
[1864]	1175
[1839]	1176	ENDDO
[1864]	1177
	1178	dlenbl = dlen
	1179
[1839]	1180	CLOSE ( 201 )
[1819]	1181
[1864]	1182	!
	1183	!-- For each possible radial position (resolution: 0.1 m --> 630 values) and
	1184	!-- each possible angle of attack (resolution: 0.01 degrees --> 36000 values!)
	1185	!-- determine the lift and drag coefficient by interpolating between the
	1186	!-- tabulated values of each table (interpolate to current angle of attack)
	1187	!-- and between the tables (interpolate to current radial position):
[1839]	1188
[1864]	1189	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1190	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
	1191	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel1(0:dlenbl) )
	1192	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_sel2(0:dlenbl) )
[1819]	1193
[1864]	1194	radres = INT( rr(1) * 10.0_wp ) + 1_iwp
	1195	dlenbl_int = INT( 360.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) + 1_iwp
[1839]	1196
[1864]	1197
	1198	ALLOCATE( turb_cl_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1199	ALLOCATE( turb_cd_tab(0:dlenbl_int,1:radres) )
	1200
	1201
	1202	DO iir = 1, radres ! loop over radius
	1203
	1204	DO iialpha = 1, dlenbl_int ! loop over angles
	1205
	1206	cur_r = ( iir - 1_iwp ) * 0.1_wp
	1207	alpha_attack_i = -180.0_wp + REAL( iialpha-1 ) * accu_cl_cd_tab
	1208	ialpha = 1
	1209
[2152]	1210	DO WHILE ( ( alpha_attack_i > alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) ) .AND. (ialpha <= dlen ) )
[1864]	1211	ialpha = ialpha + 1
	1212	ENDDO
[1819]	1213	!
[1864]	1214	!-- Find position in table
	1215	lct = MINLOC( ABS( trad1 - cur_r ) )
	1216	! lct(1) = lct(1)
[1819]	1217
[1864]	1218	IF ( ( trad1(lct(1)) - cur_r ) .GT. 0.0 ) THEN
	1219	lct(1) = lct(1) - 1
	1220	ENDIF
[1819]	1221
[1864]	1222	trow = lct(1)
	1223	!
	1224	!-- Calculate weights for interpolation
	1225	weight_a = ( trad2(trow) - cur_r ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1226	weight_b = ( cur_r - trad1(trow) ) / ( trad2(trow) - trad1(trow) )
	1227	t1 = ttoint1(trow)
	1228	t2 = ttoint2(trow)
[1819]	1229
[1912]	1230	IF ( t1 .EQ. t2 ) THEN ! if both are the same, the weights are NaN
	1231	weight_a = 0.5_wp ! then do interpolate in between same twice
	1232	weight_b = 0.5_wp ! using 0.5 as weight
[1864]	1233	ENDIF
[1819]	1234
[1864]	1235	IF ( t1 == 0 .AND. t2 == 0 ) THEN
	1236	turb_cd_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1237	turb_cd_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1238	turb_cl_sel1 = 0.0_wp
	1239	turb_cl_sel2 = 0.0_wp
	1240	ELSE
	1241	turb_cd_sel1 = turb_cd_table(:,t1)
	1242	turb_cd_sel2 = turb_cd_table(:,t2)
	1243	turb_cl_sel1 = turb_cl_table(:,t1)
	1244	turb_cl_sel2 = turb_cl_table(:,t2)
	1245	ENDIF
	1246
[1912]	1247	!
	1248	!-- Interpolation of lift and drag coefficiencts on fine grid of radius
	1249	!-- segments and angles of attack
	1250
	1251	turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1252	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1253	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1254	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1255	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1256	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1257	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1258	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1259	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1260	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1261	( weight_a * turb_cl_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1262	weight_b * turb_cl_sel2(ialpha) )
[1912]	1263	turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir) = ( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1264	alpha_attack_i ) / &
[1864]	1265	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1266	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1267	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha-1) + &
	1268	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha-1) ) +&
	1269	( alpha_attack_i - &
	1270	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) / &
	1271	( alpha_attack_tab(ialpha) - &
	1272	alpha_attack_tab(ialpha-1) ) * &
	1273	( weight_a * turb_cd_sel1(ialpha) + &
	1274	weight_b * turb_cd_sel2(ialpha) )
[1819]	1275
[1912]	1276	ENDDO ! end loop over angles of attack
[1819]	1277
[1864]	1278	ENDDO ! end loop over radius
	1279
[1912]	1280	END SUBROUTINE wtm_read_blade_tables
[1819]	1281
	1282
[1864]	1283	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1284	! Description:
	1285	! ------------
	1286	!> The projection matrix for the coordinate system of therotor disc in respect
	1287	!> to the yaw and tilt angle of the rotor is calculated
	1288	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1289	SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	1290
[1864]	1291
	1292	IMPLICIT NONE
	1293
	1294	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	1295	!
	1296	!-- Calculation of the rotation matrix for the application of the tilt to
	1297	!-- the rotors
	1298	rot_eigen_rad(1) = SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the radial eigenvector
	1299	rot_eigen_rad(2) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the radial eigenvector
	1300	rot_eigen_rad(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the radial eigenvector
	1301
	1302	rot_eigen_azi(1) = 0.0_wp ! x-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1303	rot_eigen_azi(2) = 0.0_wp ! y-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1304	rot_eigen_azi(3) = 1.0_wp ! z-component of the azimuth eigenvector
	1305
	1306	rot_eigen_nor(1) = COS( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! x-component of the normal eigenvector
	1307	rot_eigen_nor(2) = -SIN( phi_yaw(inot) ) ! y-component of the normal eigenvector
	1308	rot_eigen_nor(3) = 0.0_wp ! z-component of the normal eigenvector
[1839]	1309
[1864]	1310	!
	1311	!-- Calculation of the coordinate transformation matrix to apply a tilt to
	1312	!-- the rotor. If tilt = 0, rot_coord_trans is a unit matrix.
[1819]	1313
[1912]	1314	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,1) = rot_eigen_rad(1)*2 &
[1864]	1315	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1316	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,2) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1317	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1318	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1319	rot_coord_trans(inot,1,3) = rot_eigen_rad(1) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1320	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1321	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1322	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,1) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1323	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1324	rot_eigen_rad(3) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1325	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,2) = rot_eigen_rad(2)*2 &
[1864]	1326	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1912]	1327	rot_coord_trans(inot,2,3) = rot_eigen_rad(2) * rot_eigen_rad(3) * &
	1328	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1329	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1330	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,1) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(1) * &
	1331	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) - &
[1864]	1332	rot_eigen_rad(2) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1333	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,2) = rot_eigen_rad(3) * rot_eigen_rad(2) * &
	1334	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + &
[1864]	1335	rot_eigen_rad(1) * SIN( tilt )
[1912]	1336	rot_coord_trans(inot,3,3) = rot_eigen_rad(3)*2 &
[1864]	1337	( 1.0_wp - COS( tilt ) ) + COS( tilt )
[1839]	1338
[1864]	1339	!
	1340	!-- Vectors for the Transformation of forces from the rotor's spheric
	1341	!-- coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system
	1342	rotx(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_nor )
	1343	roty(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_rad )
	1344	rotz(inot,:) = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rot_eigen_azi )
	1345
	1346	END SUBROUTINE wtm_rotate_rotor
[1839]	1347
	1348
[1819]	1349	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1350	! Description:
	1351	! ------------
[1839]	1352	!> Calculation of the forces generated by the wind turbine
[1819]	1353	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1354	SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	1355
[1864]	1356
[1819]	1357	IMPLICIT NONE
	1358
	1359	CHARACTER (LEN=2) :: turbine_id
	1360
[1839]	1361	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j, k !< loop indices
	1362	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot !< turbine loop index (turbine id)
	1363	INTEGER(iwp) :: iialpha, iir !<
	1364	INTEGER(iwp) :: rseg, rseg_int !<
	1365	INTEGER(iwp) :: ring, ring_int !<
	1366	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii, jj, kk !<
[1912]	1367
[2232]	1368	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
[1839]	1369	REAL(wp) :: sin_rot, cos_rot !<
	1370	REAL(wp) :: sin_yaw, cos_yaw !<
[1912]	1371
	1372	REAL(wp) :: aa, bb, cc, dd !< interpolation distances
	1373	REAL(wp) :: gg !< interpolation volume var
	1374
	1375	REAL(wp) :: dist_u_3d, dist_v_3d, dist_w_3d !< smearing distances
	1376
	1377
[1839]	1378	!
[1819]	1379	! Variables for pitch control
	1380	REAL(wp) :: torque_max=0.0_wp
[1839]	1381	LOGICAL :: pitch_sw=.FALSE.
	1382
[1819]	1383	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1) :: lct=0
[1839]	1384	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1) :: rad_d=0.0_wp
[2152]	1385
	1386	REAL(wp) :: tl_factor !< factor for tip loss correction
[1819]	1387
	1388
[1864]	1389	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'start' )
[1819]	1390
	1391
	1392	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
	1393
[1864]	1394	!
[1819]	1395	!-- Set forces to zero for each new time step:
	1396	thrust(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1397	torque_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1398	torque_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1399	torque_total(:) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1400	rot_tend_x(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1401	rot_tend_y(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1402	rot_tend_z(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1403	thrust_rotor(:) = 0.0_wp
[1819]	1404	!
	1405	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	1406	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	1407
	1408	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1409	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1410	!
[1839]	1411	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1412	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1413
	1414	thrust_seg(:) = 0.0_wp
	1415	torque_seg_y(:) = 0.0_wp
	1416	torque_seg_z(:) = 0.0_wp
	1417	!
	1418	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1419	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
	1420
	1421	!
[1839]	1422	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1423	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1424	!
[1864]	1425	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1426	!-- !-- Determine coordinates of the ring segments --!
	1427	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1428	!
[1864]	1429	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1430	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1431	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1432	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1433	cos_rot = COS( phi_rotor )
	1434	sin_rot = SIN( phi_rotor )
	1435
[1864]	1436	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1437	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1438	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
[1839]	1439	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
[1819]	1440	re(3) = sin_rot
	1441
	1442	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1443	!
	1444	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1445	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1446	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1447	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1448
[1864]	1449	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1450	!-- !-- Interpolation of the velocity components from the --!
	1451	!-- !-- cartesian grid point to the coordinates of each ring --!
	1452	!-- !-- segment (follows a method used in the particle model) --!
	1453	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1454
	1455	u_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1456	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1457
	1458	v_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1459	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1460
	1461	w_int(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1462	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1463
	1464	!
	1465	!-- Interpolation of the u-component:
	1466
	1467	ii = rbx(ring,rseg) * ddx
	1468	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
	1469	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1470	!
[1864]	1471	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1472	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1473	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1474	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1475
[1839]	1476	aa = ( ( ii + 1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1477	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1478	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1479	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1480	cc = ( ( ii+1 ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1481	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1482	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ii * dx ) * &
	1483	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1484	gg = dx * dy
	1485
[1864]	1486	u_int_l = ( aa * u(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1487	bb * u(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1488	cc * u(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1489	dd * u(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1490	) / gg
	1491
[1864]	1492	u_int_u = ( aa * u(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1493	bb * u(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1494	cc * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1495	dd * u(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1496	) / gg
	1497
[1864]	1498	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = u_int_l + &
	1499	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1500	( u_int_u - u_int_l )
	1501
	1502	ELSE
	1503	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1504	ENDIF
	1505	ELSE
	1506	u_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1507	ENDIF
	1508
	1509
	1510	!
	1511	!-- Interpolation of the v-component:
	1512	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
[1839]	1513	jj = rby(ring,rseg) * ddy
[1819]	1514	kk = ( rbz(ring,rseg) + 0.5_wp * dz ) / dz
	1515	!
[1864]	1516	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1517	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1518	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1519	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1520
[1839]	1521	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1522	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1523	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1524	( ( jj + 1 ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1525	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1526	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
	1527	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1528	( rby(ring,rseg) - jj * dy )
[1819]	1529	gg = dx * dy
	1530
[1864]	1531	v_int_l = ( aa * v(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1532	bb * v(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1533	cc * v(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1534	dd * v(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1535	) / gg
	1536
[1864]	1537	v_int_u = ( aa * v(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1538	bb * v(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1539	cc * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1540	dd * v(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1541	) / gg
	1542
[1864]	1543	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = v_int_l + &
	1544	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zu(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1545	( v_int_u - v_int_l )
	1546
	1547	ELSE
	1548	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1549	ENDIF
	1550	ELSE
	1551	v_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1552	ENDIF
	1553
	1554
	1555	!
	1556	!-- Interpolation of the w-component:
	1557	ii = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	1558	jj = ( rby(ring,rseg) - 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[1839]	1559	kk = rbz(ring,rseg) / dz
[1819]	1560	!
[1864]	1561	!-- Interpolate only if all required information is available on
	1562	!-- the current PE:
[1839]	1563	IF ( ( ii >= nxl ) .AND. ( ii <= nxr ) ) THEN
	1564	IF ( ( jj >= nys ) .AND. ( jj <= nyn ) ) THEN
[1819]	1565
[1839]	1566	aa = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1567	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1568	bb = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1569	( ( jj + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )
	1570	cc = ( ( ii + 1 + 0.5_wp ) * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) ) * &
	1571	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
	1572	dd = ( rbx(ring,rseg) - ( ii + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) * &
	1573	( rby(ring,rseg) - ( jj + 0.5_wp ) * dy )
[1819]	1574	gg = dx * dy
	1575
[1864]	1576	w_int_l = ( aa * w(kk,jj,ii) + &
	1577	bb * w(kk,jj,ii+1) + &
	1578	cc * w(kk,jj+1,ii) + &
	1579	dd * w(kk,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1580	) / gg
	1581
[1864]	1582	w_int_u = ( aa * w(kk+1,jj,ii) + &
	1583	bb * w(kk+1,jj,ii+1) + &
	1584	cc * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii) + &
	1585	dd * w(kk+1,jj+1,ii+1) &
[1819]	1586	) / gg
	1587
[1864]	1588	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = w_int_l + &
	1589	( rbz(ring,rseg) - zw(kk) ) / dz * &
[1819]	1590	( w_int_u - w_int_l )
	1591	ELSE
	1592	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1593	ENDIF
	1594	ELSE
	1595	w_int_1_l(inot,ring,rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1596	ENDIF
	1597
	1598	ENDDO
	1599	ENDDO
	1600
	1601	ENDDO
	1602
	1603	!
	1604	!-- Exchange between PEs (information required on each PE):
	1605	#if defined( __parallel )
[1839]	1606	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_int_1_l, u_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1607	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1608	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( v_int_1_l, v_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1609	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	1610	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( w_int_1_l, w_int, nturbines * MAXVAL(nrings) * &
	1611	MAXVAL(nsegs), MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1819]	1612	#else
	1613	u_int = u_int_1_l
	1614	v_int = v_int_1_l
	1615	w_int = w_int_1_l
	1616	#endif
	1617
	1618
	1619	!
	1620	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
[1912]	1621
[1819]	1622	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1912]	1623	pit_loop: DO
[1819]	1624
[1912]	1625	IF ( pitch_sw ) THEN
[1839]	1626	torque_total(inot) = 0.0_wp
[1912]	1627	thrust_rotor(inot) = 0.0_wp
	1628	pitch_add(inot) = pitch_add(inot) + 0.25_wp
	1629	! IF ( myid == 0 ) PRINT*, 'Pitch', inot, pitch_add(inot)
	1630	ELSE
	1631	cos_yaw = COS(phi_yaw(inot))
	1632	sin_yaw = SIN(phi_yaw(inot))
	1633	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
	1634	pitch_add(inot) = MAX(pitch_add_old(inot) - pitch_rate * &
	1635	dt_3d , 0.0_wp )
	1636	ENDIF
[1819]	1637	ENDIF
	1638
[1839]	1639	!
	1640	!-- Loop over rings of each turbine:
[1819]	1641	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1642	!
	1643	!-- Determine distance between each ring (center) and the hub:
	1644	cur_r = (ring - 0.5_wp) * delta_r(inot)
[1839]	1645	!
	1646	!-- Loop over segments of each ring of each turbine:
[1819]	1647	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1648	!
[1839]	1649	!-- Determine angle of ring segment towards zero degree angle of
	1650	!-- rotor system (at zero degree rotor direction vectors aligned
	1651	!-- with y-axis):
[1819]	1652	phi_rotor = rseg * 2.0_wp * pi / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1653	cos_rot = COS(phi_rotor)
	1654	sin_rot = SIN(phi_rotor)
	1655	!
[1839]	1656	!-- Now the direction vectors can be determined with respect to
	1657	!-- the yaw and tilt angle:
[1819]	1658	re(1) = cos_rot * sin_yaw
	1659	re(2) = cos_rot * cos_yaw
	1660	re(3) = sin_rot
	1661
[1864]	1662	! The current unit vector in azimuthal direction:
[1819]	1663	rea(1) = - sin_rot * sin_yaw
	1664	rea(2) = - sin_rot * cos_yaw
	1665	rea(3) = cos_rot
	1666
	1667	!
[1864]	1668	!-- To respect the yawing angle for the calculations of
	1669	!-- velocities and forces the unit vectors perpendicular to the
	1670	!-- rotor area in direction of the positive yaw angle are defined:
[1819]	1671	ren(1) = cos_yaw
	1672	ren(2) = - sin_yaw
	1673	ren(3) = 0.0_wp
	1674	!
	1675	!-- Multiplication with the coordinate transformation matrix
[1864]	1676	!-- gives the final unit vector with consideration of the rotor
	1677	!-- tilt:
[1819]	1678	rote = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), re )
	1679	rota = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), rea )
	1680	rotn = MATMUL( rot_coord_trans(inot,:,:), ren )
	1681	!
	1682	!-- Coordinates of the single segments (center points):
	1683	rbx(ring,rseg) = rcx(inot) + cur_r * rote(1)
	1684
	1685	rby(ring,rseg) = rcy(inot) + cur_r * rote(2)
	1686
	1687	rbz(ring,rseg) = rcz(inot) + cur_r * rote(3)
	1688
	1689	!
[1864]	1690	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1691	!-- !-- Calculation of various angles and relative velocities --!
	1692	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1693	!
[1864]	1694	!-- In the following the 3D-velocity field is projected its
[1819]	1695	!-- components perpedicular and parallel to the rotor area
	1696	!-- The calculation of forces will be done in the rotor-
	1697	!-- coordinates y' and z.
	1698	!-- The yaw angle will be reintroduced when the force is applied
	1699	!-- on the hydrodynamic equations
[1864]	1700	!
	1701	!-- Projection of the xy-velocities relative to the rotor area
	1702	!
[1819]	1703	!-- Velocity perpendicular to the rotor area:
[1864]	1704	u_rot = u_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(1) + &
	1705	v_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(2) + &
[1819]	1706	w_int(inot,ring,rseg)*rotn(3)
	1707	!
[1864]	1708	!-- Projection of the 3D-velocity vector in the azimuthal
	1709	!-- direction:
	1710	vtheta(rseg) = rota(1) * u_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
	1711	rota(2) * v_int(inot,ring,rseg) + &
[1819]	1712	rota(3) * w_int(inot,ring,rseg)
	1713	!
[1864]	1714	!-- Determination of the angle phi_rel between the rotor plane
	1715	!-- and the direction of the flow relative to the rotor:
[1819]	1716
[1864]	1717	phi_rel(rseg) = ATAN( u_rot / &
	1718	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1719	vtheta(rseg) ) )
	1720
	1721	!
[1864]	1722	!-- Interpolation of the local pitch angle from tabulated values
	1723	!-- to the current radial position:
[1819]	1724
	1725	lct=minloc(ABS(cur_r-lrd))
	1726	rad_d=cur_r-lrd(lct)
	1727
	1728	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1729	alpha_attack(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1730	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(ard))) THEN
[1864]	1731	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(size(ard)) + &
	1732	ard(size(ard)-1) ) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1733	ELSE
[1864]	1734	alpha_attack(rseg) = ( ard(lct(1)) * &
	1735	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1736	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) &
	1737	) ) + ( ard(lct(1)+1) * &
	1738	( ( cur_r - lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1739	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1740	ENDIF
	1741
	1742	!
[1864]	1743	!-- In Fortran radian instead of degree is used as unit for all
	1744	!-- angles. Therefore, a transformation from angles given in
	1745	!-- degree to angles given in radian is necessary here:
	1746	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1747	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1748	!
[1864]	1749	!-- Substraction of the local pitch angle to obtain the local
	1750	!-- angle of attack:
[1819]	1751	alpha_attack(rseg) = phi_rel(rseg) - alpha_attack(rseg)
	1752	!
[1864]	1753	!-- Preliminary transformation back from angles given in radian
	1754	!-- to angles given in degree:
	1755	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1756	( 360.0_wp / (2.0_wp*pi) )
	1757	!
[1864]	1758	!-- Correct with collective pitch angle:
[2015]	1759	alpha_attack = alpha_attack - pitch_add(inot)
[1819]	1760
	1761	!
[1864]	1762	!-- Determination of the magnitude of the flow velocity relative
	1763	!-- to the rotor:
[1912]	1764	vrel(rseg) = SQRT( u_rot**2 + &
	1765	( omega_rot(inot) * cur_r - &
[1819]	1766	vtheta(rseg) )**2 )
	1767
	1768	!
[1864]	1769	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
	1770	!-- !-- Interpolation of chord as well as lift and drag --!
	1771	!-- !-- coefficients from tabulated values --!
	1772	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1773
	1774	!
[1864]	1775	!-- Interpolation of the chord_length from tabulated values to
	1776	!-- the current radial position:
[1819]	1777
	1778	IF (cur_r == 0.0_wp) THEN
	1779	chord(rseg) = 0.0_wp
	1780	ELSE IF (cur_r >= lrd(size(crd))) THEN
[1864]	1781	chord(rseg) = (crd(size(crd)) + ard(size(crd)-1)) / 2.0_wp
[1819]	1782	ELSE
[1864]	1783	chord(rseg) = ( crd(lct(1)) * &
	1784	( ( lrd(lct(1)+1) - cur_r ) / &
	1785	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) ) + &
	1786	( crd(lct(1)+1) * &
	1787	( ( cur_r-lrd(lct(1)) ) / &
	1788	( lrd(lct(1)+1) - lrd(lct(1)) ) ) )
[1819]	1789	ENDIF
	1790
	1791	!
	1792	!-- Determine index of current angle of attack, needed for
[1864]	1793	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	1794	!-- drag coefficients (-180.0 degrees = 0, +180.0 degrees = 36000,
	1795	!-- so one index every 0.01 degrees):
	1796	iialpha = CEILING( ( alpha_attack(rseg) + 180.0_wp ) &
[1839]	1797	* ( 1.0_wp / accu_cl_cd_tab ) )
[1819]	1798	!
	1799	!-- Determine index of current radial position, needed for
[1864]	1800	!-- finding the appropriate interpolated values of the lift and
	1801	!-- drag coefficients (one index every 0.1 m):
[1819]	1802	iir = CEILING( cur_r * 10.0_wp )
	1803	!
[1864]	1804	!-- Read in interpolated values of the lift and drag coefficients
	1805	!-- for the current radial position and angle of attack:
[1839]	1806	turb_cl(rseg) = turb_cl_tab(iialpha,iir)
	1807	turb_cd(rseg) = turb_cd_tab(iialpha,iir)
[1819]	1808
	1809	!
[1864]	1810	!-- Final transformation back from angles given in degree to
	1811	!-- angles given in radian:
	1812	alpha_attack(rseg) = alpha_attack(rseg) * &
[1819]	1813	( (2.0_wp*pi) / 360.0_wp )
	1814
[2152]	1815	IF ( tl_cor ) THEN
	1816
	1817	!-- Tip loss correction following Schito
	1818	!-- Schito applies the tip loss correction only to the lift force
	1819	!-- Therefore, the tip loss correction is only applied to the lift
	1820	!-- coefficient and not to the drag coefficient in our case
	1821	!--
	1822	tl_factor = ( 2.0 / pi ) * &
	1823	ACOS( EXP( -1.0 * ( 3.0 * ( rr(inot) - cur_r ) / &
	1824	( 2.0 * cur_r * abs( sin( phi_rel(rseg) ) ) ) ) ) )
	1825
	1826	turb_cl(rseg) = tl_factor * turb_cl(rseg)
	1827
	1828	END IF
[1819]	1829	!
	1830	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	1831	!-- !-- Calculation of the forces --!
	1832	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------!
	1833
	1834	!
[1864]	1835	!-- Calculate the pre_factor for the thrust and torque forces:
[1819]	1836
	1837	pre_factor = 0.5_wp * (vrel(rseg)*2) 3.0_wp * &
	1838	chord(rseg) * delta_r(inot) / nsegs(ring,inot)
	1839
	1840	!
[1864]	1841	!-- Calculate the thrust force (x-component of the total force)
	1842	!-- for each ring segment:
	1843	thrust_seg(rseg) = pre_factor * &
	1844	( turb_cl(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) + &
	1845	turb_cd(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	1846
	1847	!
[1864]	1848	!-- Determination of the second of the additional forces acting
	1849	!-- on the flow in the azimuthal direction: force vector as basis
	1850	!-- for torque (torque itself would be the vector product of the
	1851	!-- radius vector and the force vector):
	1852	torque_seg = pre_factor * &
	1853	( turb_cl(rseg) * SIN(phi_rel(rseg)) - &
[1839]	1854	turb_cd(rseg) * COS(phi_rel(rseg)) )
[1819]	1855	!
	1856	!-- Decomposition of the force vector into two parts:
[1864]	1857	!-- One acting along the y-direction and one acting along the
	1858	!-- z-direction of the rotor coordinate system:
[1819]	1859
	1860	torque_seg_y(rseg) = -torque_seg * sin_rot
	1861	torque_seg_z(rseg) = torque_seg * cos_rot
	1862
[1912]	1863	!
	1864	!-- Add the segment thrust to the thrust of the whole rotor
	1865	thrust_rotor(inot) = thrust_rotor(inot) + &
	1866	thrust_seg(rseg)
	1867
	1868
[1819]	1869	torque_total(inot) = torque_total(inot) + (torque_seg * cur_r)
	1870
[1864]	1871	ENDDO !-- end of loop over ring segments
[1819]	1872
	1873	!
[1864]	1874	!-- Restore the forces into arrays containing all the segments of
	1875	!-- each ring:
[1819]	1876	thrust_ring(ring,:) = thrust_seg(:)
	1877	torque_ring_y(ring,:) = torque_seg_y(:)
	1878	torque_ring_z(ring,:) = torque_seg_z(:)
	1879
	1880
[1864]	1881	ENDDO !-- end of loop over rings
[1819]	1882
	1883
[1864]	1884	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'start' )
[1819]	1885
[1912]	1886
	1887	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	1888	!
	1889	!-- Calculation of the current generator speed for rotor speed control
	1890
	1891	!
	1892	!-- The acceleration of the rotor speed is calculated from
	1893	!-- the force balance of the accelerating torque
	1894	!-- and the torque of the rotating rotor and generator
	1895	om_rate = ( torque_total(inot) * air_dens * gear_eff - &
	1896	gear_ratio * torque_gen_old(inot) ) / &
	1897	( inertia_rot + &
	1898	gear_ratio * gear_ratio * inertia_gen ) * dt_3d
[1819]	1899
[1912]	1900	!
	1901	!-- The generator speed is given by the product of gear gear_ratio
	1902	!-- and rotor speed
	1903	omega_gen(inot) = gear_ratio * ( omega_rot(inot) + om_rate )
	1904
	1905	ENDIF
	1906
[1864]	1907	IF ( pitch_control ) THEN
[1819]	1908
[1912]	1909	!
	1910	!-- If the current generator speed is above rated, the pitch is not
	1911	!-- saturated and the change from the last time step is within the
	1912	!-- maximum pitch rate, then the pitch loop is repeated with a pitch
	1913	!-- gain
	1914	IF ( ( omega_gen(inot) > rated_genspeed ) .AND. &
	1915	( pitch_add(inot) < 25.0_wp ) .AND. &
	1916	( pitch_add(inot) < pitch_add_old(inot) + &
	1917	pitch_rate * dt_3d ) ) THEN
[1864]	1918	pitch_sw = .TRUE.
[1912]	1919	!
	1920	!-- Go back to beginning of pit_loop
	1921	CYCLE pit_loop
[1819]	1922	ENDIF
[1912]	1923
	1924	!
	1925	!-- The current pitch is saved for the next time step
	1926	pitch_add_old(inot) = pitch_add(inot)
[1864]	1927	pitch_sw = .FALSE.
[1819]	1928	ENDIF
[1912]	1929	EXIT pit_loop
	1930	ENDDO pit_loop ! Recursive pitch control loop
[1819]	1931
[1864]	1932
[1819]	1933	!
[1864]	1934	!-- Call the rotor speed controller
	1935
[1819]	1936	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	1937	!
[1864]	1938	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	1939	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	1940	THEN
	1941	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	1942	THEN
[1864]	1943	CALL wtm_speed_control( inot )
	1944	ENDIF
[1912]	1945	ENDIF
[1864]	1946
[1819]	1947	ENDIF
	1948
	1949
[1864]	1950	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(62), 'wtm_controller', 'stop' )
[1819]	1951
[1864]	1952	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'start' )
[1819]	1953
	1954
[1864]	1955	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
	1956	!-- !-- Regularization kernel --!
	1957	!-- !-- Smearing of the forces and interpolation to cartesian grid --!
	1958	!-- !-----------------------------------------------------------------!
[1819]	1959	!
[1864]	1960	!-- The aerodynamic blade forces need to be distributed smoothly on
	1961	!-- several mesh points in order to avoid singular behaviour
[1819]	1962	!
	1963	!-- Summation over sum of weighted forces. The weighting factor
[1864]	1964	!-- (calculated in user_init) includes information on the distance
	1965	!-- between the center of the grid cell and the rotor segment under
	1966	!-- consideration
[1819]	1967	!
[1864]	1968	!-- To save computing time, apply smearing only for the relevant part
	1969	!-- of the model domain:
[1819]	1970	!
	1971	!--
	1972	!-- Calculation of the boundaries:
[1864]	1973	i_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,1) ) + &
	1974	eps_min ) / dx )
	1975	j_smear(inot) = CEILING( ( rr(inot) * ABS( roty(inot,2) ) + &
	1976	eps_min ) / dy )
[1819]	1977
[1864]	1978	DO i = MAX( nxl, i_hub(inot) - i_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	1979	MIN( nxr, i_hub(inot) + i_smear(inot) )
[1864]	1980	DO j = MAX( nys, j_hub(inot) - j_smear(inot) ), &
[1819]	1981	MIN( nyn, j_hub(inot) + j_smear(inot) )
[2232]	1982	! DO k = MAX( nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, k_hub(inot) - k_smear(inot) ), &
	1983	! k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
	1984	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(inot) + k_smear(inot)
[1819]	1985	DO ring = 1, nrings(inot)
	1986	DO rseg = 1, nsegs(ring,inot)
	1987	!
[2232]	1988	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
	1989	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
	1990
	1991	!
[1819]	1992	!-- Determine the square of the distance between the
	1993	!-- current grid point and each rotor area segment:
[1864]	1994	dist_u_3d = ( i * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1995	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1996	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	1997	dist_v_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1998	( j * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	1999	( k * dz - 0.5_wp * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
	2000	dist_w_3d = ( i * dx + 0.5_wp * dx - rbx(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2001	( j * dy + 0.5_wp * dy - rby(ring,rseg) )**2 + &
	2002	( k * dz - rbz(ring,rseg) )**2
[1819]	2003
	2004	!
	2005	!-- 3D-smearing of the forces with a polynomial function
	2006	!-- (much faster than the old Gaussian function), using
	2007	!-- some parameters that have been calculated in user_init.
	2008	!-- The function is only similar to Gaussian function for
	2009	!-- squared distances <= eps_min2:
	2010	IF ( dist_u_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2011	thrust(k,j,i) = thrust(k,j,i) + &
	2012	thrust_ring(ring,rseg) * &
	2013	( ( pol_a * dist_u_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2014	dist_u_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor *&
	2015	flag
[1819]	2016	ENDIF
	2017	IF ( dist_v_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2018	torque_y(k,j,i) = torque_y(k,j,i) + &
	2019	torque_ring_y(ring,rseg) * &
	2020	( ( pol_a * dist_v_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2021	dist_v_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2022	flag
[1819]	2023	ENDIF
	2024	IF ( dist_w_3d <= eps_min2 ) THEN
[2232]	2025	torque_z(k,j,i) = torque_z(k,j,i) + &
	2026	torque_ring_z(ring,rseg) * &
	2027	( ( pol_a * dist_w_3d - pol_b ) * &
	2028	dist_w_3d + 1.0_wp ) * eps_factor * &
	2029	flag
[1819]	2030	ENDIF
	2031
	2032	ENDDO ! End of loop over rseg
	2033	ENDDO ! End of loop over ring
	2034
	2035	!
	2036	!-- Rotation of force components:
[2232]	2037	rot_tend_x(k,j,i) = rot_tend_x(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2038	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,1) + &
	2039	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,1) + &
[2232]	2040	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,1) &
	2041	) * flag
[1819]	2042
[2232]	2043	rot_tend_y(k,j,i) = rot_tend_y(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2044	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,2) + &
	2045	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,2) + &
[2232]	2046	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,2) &
	2047	) * flag
[1819]	2048
[2232]	2049	rot_tend_z(k,j,i) = rot_tend_z(k,j,i) + ( &
[1864]	2050	thrust(k,j,i)*rotx(inot,3) + &
	2051	torque_y(k,j,i)*roty(inot,3) + &
[2232]	2052	torque_z(k,j,i)*rotz(inot,3) &
	2053	) * flag
[1819]	2054
	2055	ENDDO ! End of loop over k
	2056	ENDDO ! End of loop over j
	2057	ENDDO ! End of loop over i
	2058
[1864]	2059	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(63), 'wtm_smearing', 'stop' )
[1819]	2060
[1912]	2061	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2062
	2063
	2064	IF ( yaw_control ) THEN
	2065	!
	2066	!-- Allocate arrays for yaw control at first call
	2067	!-- Can't be allocated before dt_3d is set
	2068	IF ( start_up ) THEN
[1864]	2069	WDLON = NINT( 30.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 30s running mean array
[1819]	2070	ALLOCATE( wd30(1:nturbines,1:WDLON) )
[1912]	2071	wd30 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2072	ALLOCATE( wd30_l(1:WDLON) )
	2073
[1864]	2074	WDSHO = NINT( 2.0_wp / dt_3d ) ! 2s running mean array
[1819]	2075	ALLOCATE( wd2(1:nturbines,1:WDSHO) )
[1912]	2076	wd2 = 999.0_wp ! Set to dummy value
[1819]	2077	ALLOCATE( wd2_l(1:WDSHO) )
	2078	start_up = .FALSE.
	2079	ENDIF
	2080
	2081	!
	2082	!-- Calculate the inflow wind speed
	2083	!--
	2084	!-- Loop over number of turbines:
	2085	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2086	!
	2087	!-- Find processor at i_hub, j_hub
[1912]	2088	IF ( ( nxl <= i_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nxr >= i_hub(inot) ) ) &
	2089	THEN
	2090	IF ( ( nys <= j_hub(inot) ) .AND. ( nyn >= j_hub(inot) ) )&
	2091	THEN
[1864]	2092
[1819]	2093	u_inflow_l(inot) = u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot))
[1864]	2094
[1912]	2095	wdir_l(inot) = -1.0_wp * ATAN2( &
	2096	0.5_wp * ( v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)+1) + &
	2097	v(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) , &
	2098	0.5_wp * ( u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot)+1,i_hub(inot)) + &
	2099	u(k_hub(inot),j_hub(inot),i_hub(inot)) ) )
[1864]	2100
	2101	CALL wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2102
[1819]	2103	phi_yaw_l(inot) = phi_yaw(inot)
[2015]	2104
[1819]	2105	ENDIF
	2106	ENDIF
	2107
[1864]	2108	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
	2109
	2110	!
[1929]	2111	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
	2112	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2113	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( u_inflow_l, u_inflow, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2114	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2115	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( wdir_l, wdir, nturbines, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2116	comm2d, ierr )
	2117	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( phi_yaw_l, phi_yaw, nturbines, MPI_REAL, &
	2118	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2119	#else
	2120	u_inflow = u_inflow_l
	2121	wdir = wdir_l
	2122	phi_yaw = phi_yaw_l
[2015]	2123
	2124
[1929]	2125	#endif
[1819]	2126	DO inot = 1, nturbines
[1864]	2127	!
	2128	!-- Update rotor orientation
	2129	CALL wtm_rotate_rotor( inot )
[1819]	2130
	2131	ENDDO ! End of loop over turbines
	2132
[2152]	2133	END IF ! end of yaw control
[1864]	2134
	2135	IF ( speed_control ) THEN
	2136	!
	2137	!-- Transfer of information to the other cpus
[1912]	2138	! CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen, omega_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2139	! MPI_REAL,MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2140	#if defined( __parallel )
[1864]	2141	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( torque_gen, torque_gen_old, nturbines, &
	2142	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
	2143	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_rot_l, omega_rot, nturbines, &
	2144	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1912]	2145	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( omega_gen_f, omega_gen_f_old, nturbines, &
	2146	MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1929]	2147	#else
	2148	torque_gen_old = torque_gen
	2149	omega_rot = omega_rot_l
	2150	omega_gen_f_old = omega_gen_f
	2151	#endif
[1864]	2152
	2153	ENDIF
[1819]	2154
	2155	DO inot = 1, nturbines
	2156
	2157	IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN
	2158	IF ( openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened ) THEN
	2159	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2160	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2161	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2162	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2163	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2164	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2165	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2166	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1912]	2167
[1819]	2168	ELSE
	2169
	2170	WRITE ( turbine_id,'(I2.2)') inot
[1864]	2171	OPEN ( 400+inot, FILE=( 'TURBINE_PARAMETERS'//turbine_id ), &
	2172	FORM='FORMATTED' )
[1819]	2173	WRITE ( 400+inot, 105 ) inot
	2174	WRITE ( 400+inot, 106 ) simulated_time, omega_rot(inot), &
[1912]	2175	omega_gen(inot), torque_gen_old(inot), &
[1864]	2176	torque_total(inot), pitch_add(inot), &
[1912]	2177	torque_gen_old(inot)omega_gen(inot)gen_eff, &
[1864]	2178	torque_total(inot)omega_rot(inot)air_dens, &
[1912]	2179	thrust_rotor(inot), &
[1864]	2180	wdir(inot)*180.0_wp/pi, &
	2181	(phi_yaw(inot))*180.0_wp/pi
[1819]	2182	ENDIF
	2183	ENDIF
	2184
[1912]	2185	!-- Set open flag
[1819]	2186	openfile_turb_mod(400+inot)%opened = .TRUE.
[1864]	2187	ENDDO !-- end of loop over turbines
[1819]	2188
	2189	ENDIF
	2190
[1864]	2191	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(61), 'wtm_forces', 'stop' )
[1819]	2192
[1912]	2193	!
	2194	!-- Formats
[1819]	2195	105 FORMAT ('Turbine control data for turbine ',I2,1X,':'/ &
	2196	&'----------------------------------------'/ &
	2197	&' Time RSpeed GSpeed ', &
[1912]	2198	'GenTorque AeroTorque Pitch Power(Gen) Power(Rot) ', &
	2199	'RotThrust WDirection YawOrient')
[1819]	2200
[1864]	2201	106 FORMAT (F9.3,2X,F7.3,2X,F7.2,2X,F9.1,3X,F9.1,1X,F6.2,2X,F10.1,2X, &
	2202	F10.1,1X,F9.1,2X,F7.2,1X,F7.2)
[1819]	2203
	2204
	2205	END SUBROUTINE wtm_forces
	2206
	2207
[1839]	2208	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2209	! Description:
	2210	! ------------
	2211	!> Yaw controller for the wind turbine model
	2212	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2213	SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol( inot )
	2214
[1819]	2215	USE constants
	2216	USE kinds
[1839]	2217
	2218	IMPLICIT NONE
[1819]	2219
	2220	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2221	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_wd_30
	2222	REAL(wp) :: missal
	2223
	2224	i_wd_30 = 0_iwp
	2225
	2226	!
[1864]	2227	!-- The yaw controller computes a 30s running mean of the wind direction.
	2228	!-- If the difference between turbine alignment and wind direction exceeds
	2229	!-- 5Â°, the turbine is yawed. The mechanism stops as soon as the 2s-running
	2230	!-- mean of the missalignment is smaller than 0.5Â°.
	2231	!-- Attention: If the timestep during the simulation changes significantly
	2232	!-- the lengths of the running means change and it does not correspond to
	2233	!-- 30s/2s anymore.
	2234	!-- ! Needs to be modified for these situations !
	2235	!-- For wind from the east, the averaging of the wind direction could cause
	2236	!-- problems and the yaw controller is probably flawed. -> Routine for
	2237	!-- averaging needs to be improved!
	2238	!
	2239	!-- Check if turbine is not yawing
[1819]	2240	IF ( .NOT. doyaw(inot) ) THEN
[1843]	2241	!
[1864]	2242	!-- Write current wind direction into array
[1843]	2243	wd30_l = wd30(inot,:)
	2244	wd30_l = CSHIFT( wd30_l, SHIFT=-1 )
[1819]	2245	wd30_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2246	!
[1864]	2247	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
[1819]	2248	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd30_l == 999.) ) THEN
	2249
	2250	missal = SUM( wd30_l ) / SIZE( wd30_l ) - phi_yaw(inot)
	2251	!
[1864]	2252	!-- Check if turbine is missaligned by more than max_miss
[1843]	2253	IF ( ABS( missal ) > max_miss ) THEN
	2254	!
[1864]	2255	!-- Check in which direction to yaw
[1843]	2256	yawdir(inot) = SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal )
[1819]	2257	!
[1864]	2258	!-- Start yawing of turbine
[1843]	2259	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2260	doyaw(inot) = .TRUE.
[1864]	2261	wd30_l = 999. ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2262	ENDIF
	2263	ENDIF
	2264
	2265	wd30(inot,:) = wd30_l
	2266
	2267	!
[1864]	2268	!-- If turbine is already yawing:
	2269	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean and yaw until the missalignment is smaller
	2270	!-- than min_miss
[1819]	2271
	2272	ELSE
	2273	!
	2274	!-- Initialize 2 s running mean
	2275	wd2_l = wd2(inot,:)
[1864]	2276	wd2_l = CSHIFT( wd2_l, SHIFT = -1 )
[1819]	2277	wd2_l(1) = wdir(inot)
[1843]	2278	!
[1864]	2279	!-- Check if array is full ( no more dummies )
	2280	IF ( .NOT. ANY( wd2_l == 999.0_wp ) ) THEN
	2281	!
	2282	!-- Calculate missalignment of turbine
[1819]	2283	missal = SUM( wd2_l - phi_yaw(inot) ) / SIZE( wd2_l )
[1864]	2284	!
	2285	!-- Check if missalignment is still larger than 0.5 degree and if the
	2286	!-- yaw direction is still right
	2287	IF ( ( ABS( missal ) > min_miss ) .AND. &
	2288	( yawdir(inot) == SIGN( 1.0_wp, missal ) ) ) THEN
	2289	!
	2290	!-- Continue yawing
	2291	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2292	ELSE
[1864]	2293	!
	2294	!-- Stop yawing
[1819]	2295	doyaw(inot) = .FALSE.
[1864]	2296	wd2_l = 999.0_wp ! fill with dummies again
[1819]	2297	ENDIF
	2298	ELSE
[1864]	2299	!
	2300	!-- Continue yawing
[1843]	2301	phi_yaw(inot) = phi_yaw(inot) + yawdir(inot) * yaw_speed * dt_3d
[1819]	2302	ENDIF
	2303
	2304	wd2(inot,:) = wd2_l
	2305
	2306	ENDIF
	2307
[1839]	2308	END SUBROUTINE wtm_yawcontrol
[1819]	2309
[1864]	2310
[1819]	2311	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2312	! Description:
	2313	! ------------
[1864]	2314	!> Initialization of the speed control
	2315	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2316	SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2317
	2318
	2319	IMPLICIT NONE
	2320
	2321	!
	2322	!-- If speed control is set, remaining variables and control_parameters for
	2323	!-- the control algorithm are calculated
	2324	!
	2325	!-- Calculate slope constant for region 15
	2326	slope15 = ( slope2 * min_reg2 * min_reg2 ) / ( min_reg2 - min_reg15 )
	2327	!
	2328	!-- Calculate upper limit of slipage region
	2329	vs_sysp = rated_genspeed / 1.1_wp
	2330	!
	2331	!-- Calculate slope of slipage region
	2332	slope25 = ( rated_power / rated_genspeed ) / &
	2333	( rated_genspeed - vs_sysp )
	2334	!
	2335	!-- Calculate lower limit of slipage region
	2336	min_reg25 = ( slope25 - SQRT( slope25 * ( slope25 - 4.0_wp * &
	2337	slope2 * vs_sysp ) ) ) / &
	2338	( 2.0_wp * slope2 )
	2339	!
	2340	!-- Frequency for the simple low pass filter
	2341	Fcorner = 0.25_wp
	2342	!
	2343	!-- At the first timestep the torque is set to its maximum to prevent
	2344	!-- an overspeeding of the rotor
	2345	torque_gen_old(:) = max_torque_gen
	2346
	2347	END SUBROUTINE wtm_init_speed_control
	2348
	2349
	2350	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2351	! Description:
	2352	! ------------
	2353	!> Simple controller for the regulation of the rotor speed
	2354	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2355	SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control( inot )
	2356
	2357
	2358	IMPLICIT NONE
	2359
[1912]	2360	INTEGER(iwp) :: inot
	2361
	2362
[1864]	2363
	2364	!
	2365	!-- The controller is based on the fortran script from Jonkman
	2366	!-- et al. 2009 "Definition of a 5 MW Reference Wind Turbine for
	2367	!-- offshore system developement"
	2368
	2369	!
	2370	!-- The generator speed is filtered by a low pass filter
	2371	!-- for the control of the generator torque
	2372	lp_coeff = EXP( -2.0_wp * 3.14_wp * dt_3d * Fcorner )
[1912]	2373	omega_gen_f(inot) = ( 1.0_wp - lp_coeff ) * omega_gen(inot) + lp_coeff *&
[1864]	2374	omega_gen_f_old(inot)
	2375
	2376	IF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg15 ) THEN
	2377	!
	2378	!-- Region 1: Generator torque is set to zero to accelerate the rotor:
	2379	torque_gen(inot) = 0
	2380
	2381	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg2 ) THEN
	2382	!
	2383	!-- Region 1.5: Generator torque is increasing linearly with rotor speed:
	2384	torque_gen(inot) = slope15 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - min_reg15 )
	2385
	2386	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) <= min_reg25 ) THEN
	2387	!
	2388	!-- Region 2: Generator torque is increased by the square of the generator
	2389	!-- speed to keep the TSR optimal:
	2390	torque_gen(inot) = slope2 * omega_gen_f(inot) * omega_gen_f(inot)
	2391
	2392	ELSEIF ( omega_gen_f(inot) < rated_genspeed ) THEN
	2393	!
	2394	!-- Region 2.5: Slipage region between 2 and 3:
	2395	torque_gen(inot) = slope25 * ( omega_gen_f(inot) - vs_sysp )
	2396
	2397	ELSE
	2398	!
	2399	!-- Region 3: Generator torque is antiproportional to the rotor speed to
	2400	!-- keep the power constant:
	2401	torque_gen(inot) = rated_power / omega_gen_f(inot)
	2402
	2403	ENDIF
	2404	!
	2405	!-- Calculate torque rate and confine with a max
	2406	trq_rate = ( torque_gen(inot) - torque_gen_old(inot) ) / dt_3d
	2407	trq_rate = MIN( MAX( trq_rate, -1.0_wp * max_trq_rate ), max_trq_rate )
	2408	!
	2409	!-- Calculate new gen torque and confine with max torque
	2410	torque_gen(inot) = torque_gen_old(inot) + trq_rate * dt_3d
	2411	torque_gen(inot) = MIN( torque_gen(inot), max_torque_gen )
	2412	!
	2413	!-- Overwrite values for next timestep
[1912]	2414	omega_rot_l(inot) = omega_gen(inot) / gear_ratio
[1864]	2415
	2416
	2417	END SUBROUTINE wtm_speed_control
	2418
	2419
	2420	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2421	! Description:
	2422	! ------------
[1839]	2423	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2424	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2425	!> Call for all grid points
[1819]	2426	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2427	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies( component )
	2428
[1839]	2429
[1819]	2430	IMPLICIT NONE
	2431
[1839]	2432	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2433	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2434	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2435	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2436
	2437
	2438	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2439
	2440	CASE ( 1 )
	2441	!
	2442	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1864]	2443	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2444	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2445	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2446	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1819]	2447	!
[1864]	2448	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2449	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2450	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2451	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2452	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
	2453
[2232]	2454	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2455	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2456	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2457	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2458	ENDDO
	2459	ENDDO
	2460	ENDDO
	2461	ENDIF
	2462
	2463	CASE ( 2 )
	2464	!
	2465	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1864]	2466	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2467	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2468	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2469	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2470	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2471	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2472	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2473	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2474	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2475	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2476	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2477	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2478	ENDDO
	2479	ENDDO
	2480	ENDDO
	2481	ENDIF
	2482
	2483	CASE ( 3 )
	2484	!
	2485	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1864]	2486	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2487	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	2488	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2232]	2489	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
	2490	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2491	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2492	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2493	ENDDO
	2494	ENDDO
	2495	ENDDO
	2496	ENDIF
	2497
	2498
	2499	CASE DEFAULT
	2500
	2501	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2502	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2503
	2504	END SELECT
	2505
	2506
	2507	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies
	2508
	2509
	2510	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2511	! Description:
	2512	! ------------
[1839]	2513	!> Application of the additional forces generated by the wind turbine on the
	2514	!> flow components (tendency terms)
	2515	!> Call for grid point i,j
[1819]	2516	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2517	SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij( i, j, component )
	2518
	2519
	2520	IMPLICIT NONE
	2521
[1839]	2522	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w)
	2523	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	2524	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	2525	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1819]	2526
	2527	SELECT CASE ( component )
	2528
	2529	CASE ( 1 )
	2530	!
	2531	!-- Apply the x-component of the force to the u-component of the flow:
[1839]	2532	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[1819]	2533
[2232]	2534	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1819]	2535	!
[1839]	2536	!-- Calculate the thrust generated by the nacelle and the tower
[1912]	2537	tend_nac_x = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2538	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2539	tend_tow_x = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2540	SIGN( u(k,j,i)**2 , u(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2541	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_x(k,j,i) &
	2542	- tend_nac_x - tend_tow_x ) &
	2543	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2544	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[1819]	2545	ENDDO
	2546	ENDIF
	2547
	2548	CASE ( 2 )
	2549	!
	2550	!-- Apply the y-component of the force to the v-component of the flow:
[1839]	2551	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2232]	2552	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
[1912]	2553	tend_nac_y = 0.5_wp * nac_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2554	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[1912]	2555	tend_tow_y = 0.5_wp * tow_cd_surf(k,j,i) * &
[1819]	2556	SIGN( v(k,j,i)**2 , v(k,j,i) )
[2232]	2557	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + ( - rot_tend_y(k,j,i) &
	2558	- tend_nac_y - tend_tow_y ) &
	2559	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2560	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[1819]	2561	ENDDO
	2562	ENDIF
	2563
	2564	CASE ( 3 )
	2565	!
	2566	!-- Apply the z-component of the force to the w-component of the flow:
[1839]	2567	IF ( simulated_time >= time_turbine_on ) THEN
[2232]	2568	DO k = nzb+1, k_hub(1) + k_smear(1)
	2569	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - rot_tend_z(k,j,i) &
	2570	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	2571	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[1819]	2572	ENDDO
	2573	ENDIF
	2574
	2575
	2576	CASE DEFAULT
	2577
	2578	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown prognostic variable: ', component
	2579	CALL message( 'wtm_tendencies', 'PA04??', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	2580
	2581	END SELECT
	2582
	2583
	2584	END SUBROUTINE wtm_tendencies_ij
	2585
	2586	END MODULE wind_turbine_model_mod

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Download in other formats:

| Impressum | ©Leibniz Universität Hannover |