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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/virtual_measurement_mod.f90 @ 3910

Last change on this file since 3910 was 3910, checked in by suehring, 5 years ago
Bugfix in rotation of UTM coordinates
Property svn:executable set to ``* Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 74.7 KB

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1	!> @virtual_measurement_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: virtual_measurement_mod.f90 3910 2019-04-17 11:46:56Z suehring $
27	! Bugfix in rotation of UTM coordinates
28	!
29	! 3904 2019-04-16 18:22:51Z gronemeier
30	! Rotate coordinates of stations by given rotation_angle
31	!
32	! 3876 2019-04-08 18:41:49Z knoop
33	! Remove print statement
34	!
35	! 3854 2019-04-02 16:59:33Z suehring
36	! renamed nvar to nmeas, replaced USE chem_modules by USE chem_gasphase_mod and
37	! nspec by nvar
38	!
39	! 3766 2019-02-26 16:23:41Z raasch
40	! unused variables removed
41	!
42	! 3718 2019-02-06 11:08:28Z suehring
43	! Adjust variable name connections between UC2 and chemistry variables
44	!
45	! 3717 2019-02-05 17:21:16Z suehring
46	! Additional check + error numbers adjusted
47	!
48	! 3706 2019-01-29 20:02:26Z suehring
49	! unused variables removed
50	!
51	! 3705 2019-01-29 19:56:39Z suehring
52	! - initialization revised
53	! - binary data output
54	! - list of allowed variables extended
55	!
56	! 3704 2019-01-29 19:51:41Z suehring
57	! Sampling of variables
58	!
59	! 3494 2018-11-06 14:51:27Z suehring
60	! Bugfixing
61	!
62	! 3473 2018-10-30 20:50:15Z suehring
63	! Initial revision
64	!
65	! Authors:
66	! --------
67	! @author Matthias Suehring
68	!
69	! Description:
70	! ------------
71	!> The module acts as an interface between 'real-world' observations and
72	!> model simulations. Virtual measurements will be taken in the model at the
73	!> coordinates representative for the 'real-world' observation coordinates.
74	!> More precisely, coordinates and measured quanties will be read from a
75	!> NetCDF file which contains all required information. In the model,
76	!> the same quantities (as long as all the required components are switched-on)
77	!> will be sampled at the respective positions and output into an extra file,
78	!> which allows for straight-forward comparison of model results with
79	!> observations.
80	!>
81	!> @todo list_of_allowed variables needs careful checking
82	!> @todo Check if sign of surface fluxes for heat, radiation, etc., follows
83	!> the (UC)2 standard
84	!> @note Fluxes are not processed
85	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
86	MODULE virtual_measurement_mod
87
88	USE arrays_3d, &
89	ONLY: q, pt, u, v, w, zu, zw
90
91	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
92	ONLY: pi
93
94	USE chem_gasphase_mod, &
95	ONLY: nvar
96
97	USE chem_modules, &
98	ONLY: chem_species
99
100	USE control_parameters, &
101	ONLY: air_chemistry, dz, humidity, io_blocks, io_group, neutral, &
102	message_string, time_since_reference_point, virtual_measurement
103
104	USE cpulog, &
105	ONLY: cpu_log, log_point
106
107	USE grid_variables, &
108	ONLY: dx, dy
109
110	USE indices, &
111	ONLY: nzb, nzt, nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nx, ny, wall_flags_0
112
113	USE kinds
114
115	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
116	ONLY: init_model
117
118	USE pegrid
119
120	USE surface_mod, &
121	ONLY: surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
122
123	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
124	ONLY: nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs, t_soil_h, m_soil_h
125
126	USE radiation_model_mod
127
128	USE urban_surface_mod, &
129	ONLY: nzb_wall, nzt_wall, t_wall_h
130
131
132	IMPLICIT NONE
133
134	TYPE virt_general
135	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_vm !< NetCDF file id for virtual measurements
136	INTEGER(iwp) :: nvm = 0 !< number of virtual measurements
137	END TYPE virt_general
138
139	TYPE virt_mea
140
141	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: feature_type !< type of the measurement
142	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: filename_original !< name of the original file
143	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: site !< name of the measurement site
144
145	CHARACTER(LEN=10), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: measured_vars_name !< name of the measured variables
146
147	INTEGER(iwp) :: ns = 0 !< number of observation coordinates on subdomain, for atmospheric measurements
148	INTEGER(iwp) :: ns_tot = 0 !< total number of observation coordinates, for atmospheric measurements
149	INTEGER(iwp) :: ntraj !< number of trajectories of a measurement
150	INTEGER(iwp) :: nmeas !< number of measured variables (atmosphere + soil)
151
152	INTEGER(iwp) :: ns_soil = 0 !< number of observation coordinates on subdomain, for soil measurements
153	INTEGER(iwp) :: ns_soil_tot = 0 !< total number of observation coordinates, for soil measurements
154
155	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: dim_t !< number observations individual for each trajectory or station that are no _FillValues
156
157	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i !< grid index for measurement position in x-direction
158	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j !< grid index for measurement position in y-direction
159	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k !< grid index for measurement position in k-direction
160
161	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: i_soil !< grid index for measurement position in x-direction
162	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: j_soil !< grid index for measurement position in y-direction
163	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_soil !< grid index for measurement position in k-direction
164
165	LOGICAL :: trajectory = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that the observation is a mobile observation
166	LOGICAL :: timseries = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that the observation is a stationary point measurement
167	LOGICAL :: timseries_profile = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that the observation is a stationary profile measurement
168	LOGICAL :: soil_sampling = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that soil state variables were sampled
169
170	REAL(wp) :: fill_eutm !< fill value for UTM coordinates in case of missing values
171	REAL(wp) :: fill_nutm !< fill value for UTM coordinates in case of missing values
172	REAL(wp) :: fill_zag !< fill value for heigth coordinates in case of missing values
173	REAL(wp) :: fillout = -999.9 !< fill value for output in case a observation is taken from inside a building
174	REAL(wp) :: origin_x_obs !< origin of the observation in UTM coordiates in x-direction
175	REAL(wp) :: origin_y_obs !< origin of the observation in UTM coordiates in y-direction
176
177	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: z_ag !< measurement height above ground level
178	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: depth !< measurement depth in soil
179
180	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: measured_vars !< measured variables
181	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: measured_vars_soil !< measured variables
182
183	END TYPE virt_mea
184
185	CHARACTER(LEN=5) :: char_eutm = "E_UTM" !< dimension name for UTM coordinate easting
186	CHARACTER(LEN=11) :: char_feature = "featureType" !< attribute name for feature type
187
188	! This need to generalized
189	CHARACTER(LEN=8) :: char_filename = "filename" !< attribute name for filename
190	CHARACTER(LEN=11) :: char_soil = "soil_sample" !< attribute name for soil sampling indication
191	CHARACTER(LEN=10) :: char_fillvalue = "_FillValue" !< variable attribute name for _FillValue
192	CHARACTER(LEN=18) :: char_mv = "measured_variables" !< variable name for the array with the measured variable names
193	CHARACTER(LEN=5) :: char_nutm = "N_UTM" !< dimension name for UTM coordinate northing
194	CHARACTER(LEN=18) :: char_numstations = "number_of_stations" !< attribute name for number of stations
195	CHARACTER(LEN=8) :: char_origx = "origin_x" !< attribute name for station coordinate in x
196	CHARACTER(LEN=8) :: char_origy = "origin_y" !< attribute name for station coordinate in y
197	CHARACTER(LEN=4) :: char_site = "site" !< attribute name for site name
198	CHARACTER(LEN=19) :: char_zag = "height_above_ground" !< attribute name for height above ground variable
199	CHARACTER(LEN=10) :: type_ts = 'timeSeries' !< name of stationary point measurements
200	CHARACTER(LEN=10) :: type_traj = 'trajectory' !< name of line measurements
201	CHARACTER(LEN=17) :: type_tspr = 'timeSeriesProfile' !< name of stationary profile measurements
202
203	CHARACTER(LEN=6), DIMENSION(1:5) :: soil_vars = (/ & !< list of soil variables
204	't_soil', &
205	'm_soil', &
206	'lwc ', &
207	'lwcs ', &
208	'smp ' /)
209
210	CHARACTER(LEN=10), DIMENSION(0:1,1:8) :: chem_vars = RESHAPE( (/ &
211	'mcpm1 ', 'PM1 ', &
212	'mcpm2p5 ', 'PM2.5 ', &
213	'mcpm25 ', 'PM25 ', &
214	'mcpm10 ', 'PM10 ', &
215	'mfno2 ', 'NO2 ', &
216	'mfno ', 'NO ', &
217	'tro3 ', 'O3 ', &
218	'mfco ', 'CO ' &
219	/), (/ 2, 8 /) )
220	!
221	!-- MS: List requires careful revision!
222	CHARACTER(LEN=10), DIMENSION(1:54), PARAMETER :: list_allowed_variables = & !< variables that can be sampled in PALM
223	(/ 'hfls ', & ! surface latent heat flux (W/m2)
224	'hfss ', & ! surface sensible heat flux (W/m2)
225	'hur ', & ! relative humidity (-)
226	'hus ', & ! specific humidity (g/kg)
227	'haa ', & ! absolute atmospheric humidity (kg/m3)
228	'mcpm1 ', & ! mass concentration of PM1 (kg/m3)
229	'mcpm2p5 ', & ! mass concentration of PM2.5 (kg/m3)
230	'mcpm10 ', & ! mass concentration of PM10 (kg/m3)
231	'mcco ', & ! mass concentration of CO (kg/m3)
232	'mcco2 ', & ! mass concentration of CO2 (kg/m3)
233	'mcbcda ', & ! mass concentration of black carbon paritcles (kg/m3)
234	'ncaa ', & ! number concentation of particles (1/m3)
235	'mfco ', & ! mole fraction of CO (mol/mol)
236	'mfco2 ', & ! mole fraction of CO2 (mol/mol)
237	'mfch4 ', & ! mole fraction of methane (mol/mol)
238	'mfnh3 ', & ! mole fraction of amonia (mol/mol)
239	'mfno ', & ! mole fraction of nitrogen monoxide (mol/mol)
240	'mfno2 ', & ! mole fraction of nitrogen dioxide (mol/mol)
241	'mfso2 ', & ! mole fraction of sulfur dioxide (mol/mol)
242	'mfh20 ', & ! mole fraction of water (mol/mol)
243	'plev ', & ! ? air pressure - hydrostaic + perturbation?
244	'rlds ', & ! surface downward longwave flux (W/m2)
245	'rlus ', & ! surface upward longwave flux (W/m2)
246	'rsds ', & ! surface downward shortwave flux (W/m2)
247	'rsus ', & ! surface upward shortwave flux (W/m2)
248	'ta ', & ! air temperature (degree C)
249	't_va ', & ! virtual accoustic temperature (K)
250	'theta ', & ! potential temperature (K)
251	'tro3 ', & ! mole fraction of ozone air (mol/mol)
252	'ts ', & ! scaling parameter of temperature (K)
253	'wspeed ', & ! ? wind speed - horizontal?
254	'wdir ', & ! wind direction
255	'us ', & ! friction velocity
256	'msoil ', & ! ? soil moisture - which depth?
257	'tsoil ', & ! ? soil temperature - which depth?
258	'u ', & ! u-component
259	'utheta ', & ! total eastward kinematic heat flux
260	'ua ', & ! eastward wind (is there any difference to u?)
261	'v ', & ! v-component
262	'vtheta ', & ! total northward kinematic heat flux
263	'va ', & ! northward wind (is there any difference to v?)
264	'w ', & ! w-component
265	'wtheta ', & ! total vertical kinematic heat flux
266	'rld ', & ! downward longwave radiative flux (W/m2)
267	'rlu ', & ! upnward longwave radiative flux (W/m2)
268	'rsd ', & ! downward shortwave radiative flux (W/m2)
269	'rsu ', & ! upward shortwave radiative flux (W/m2)
270	'rsddif ', & ! downward shortwave diffuse radiative flux (W/m2)
271	'rnds ', & ! surface net downward radiative flux (W/m2)
272	't_soil ', &
273	'm_soil ', &
274	'lwc ', &
275	'lwcs ', &
276	'smp ' &
277	/)
278
279
280	LOGICAL :: global_attribute = .TRUE. !< flag indicating a global attribute
281	LOGICAL :: init = .TRUE. !< flag indicating initialization of data output
282	LOGICAL :: use_virtual_measurement = .FALSE. !< Namelist parameter
283
284	REAL(wp) :: vm_time_start = 0.0 !< time after virtual measurements should start
285
286	TYPE( virt_general ) :: vmea_general !< data structure which encompass general variables
287	TYPE( virt_mea ), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: vmea !< virtual measurement data structure
288
289	INTERFACE vm_check_parameters
290	MODULE PROCEDURE vm_check_parameters
291	END INTERFACE vm_check_parameters
292
293	INTERFACE vm_data_output
294	MODULE PROCEDURE vm_data_output
295	END INTERFACE vm_data_output
296
297	INTERFACE vm_init
298	MODULE PROCEDURE vm_init
299	END INTERFACE vm_init
300
301	INTERFACE vm_last_actions
302	MODULE PROCEDURE vm_last_actions
303	END INTERFACE vm_last_actions
304
305	INTERFACE vm_parin
306	MODULE PROCEDURE vm_parin
307	END INTERFACE vm_parin
308
309	INTERFACE vm_sampling
310	MODULE PROCEDURE vm_sampling
311	END INTERFACE vm_sampling
312
313	SAVE
314
315	PRIVATE
316
317	!
318	!-- Public interfaces
319	PUBLIC vm_check_parameters, vm_data_output, vm_init, vm_last_actions, &
320	vm_parin, vm_sampling
321
322	!
323	!-- Public variables
324	PUBLIC vmea, vmea_general, vm_time_start
325
326	CONTAINS
327
328
329	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
330	! Description:
331	! ------------
332	!> Check parameters for virtual measurement module
333	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
334	SUBROUTINE vm_check_parameters
335
336	USE control_parameters, &
337	ONLY: message_string, virtual_measurement
338
339	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
340	ONLY: input_pids_static, input_pids_vm
341
342	IMPLICIT NONE
343
344	!
345	!-- Virtual measurements require a setup file.
346	IF ( virtual_measurement .AND. .NOT. input_pids_vm ) THEN
347	message_string = 'If virtual measurements are taken, a setup input ' // &
348	'file for the site locations is mandatory.'
349	CALL message( 'vm_check_parameters', 'PA0533', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
350	ENDIF
351	!
352	!-- In case virtual measurements are taken, a static input file is required.
353	!-- This is because UTM coordinates for the PALM domain origin are required
354	!-- for correct mapping of the measurements.
355	!-- ToDo: Revise this later and remove this requirement.
356	IF ( virtual_measurement .AND. .NOT. input_pids_static ) THEN
357	message_string = 'If virtual measurements are taken, a static input ' //&
358	'file is mandatory.'
359	CALL message( 'vm_check_parameters', 'PA0534', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
360	ENDIF
361
362	END SUBROUTINE vm_check_parameters
363
364	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
365	! Description:
366	! ------------
367	!> Read namelist for the virtual measurement module
368	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
369	SUBROUTINE vm_parin
370
371	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
372
373	NAMELIST /virtual_measurement_parameters/ use_virtual_measurement, &
374	vm_time_start
375
376	line = ' '
377
378	!
379	!-- Try to find stg package
380	REWIND ( 11 )
381	line = ' '
382	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&virtual_measurement_parameters' ) == 0 )
383	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
384	ENDDO
385	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
386
387	!
388	!-- Read namelist
389	READ ( 11, virtual_measurement_parameters, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
390
391	!
392	!-- Set flag that indicates that the virtual measurement module is switched on
393	IF ( use_virtual_measurement ) virtual_measurement = .TRUE.
394
395	GOTO 20
396
397	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
398	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
399	CALL parin_fail_message( 'virtual_measurement_parameters', line )
400
401	20 CONTINUE
402
403	END SUBROUTINE vm_parin
404
405
406	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
407	! Description:
408	! ------------
409	!> Initialize virtual measurements: read coordiante arrays and measured
410	!> variables, set indicies indicating the measurement points, read further
411	!> attributes, etc..
412	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
413	SUBROUTINE vm_init
414
415	USE arrays_3d, &
416	ONLY: zu, zw
417
418	USE grid_variables, &
419	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
420
421	USE indices, &
422	ONLY: nxl, nxr, nyn, nys
423
424	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
425	ONLY: init_model, input_file_vm, &
426	netcdf_data_input_get_dimension_length, &
427	netcdf_data_input_att, netcdf_data_input_var
428
429	USE surface_mod, &
430	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
431
432	IMPLICIT NONE
433
434	CHARACTER(LEN=5) :: dum !< dummy string indicate station id
435	CHARACTER(LEN=10), DIMENSION(50) :: measured_variables_file = '' !< array with all measured variables read from NetCDF
436	CHARACTER(LEN=10), DIMENSION(50) :: measured_variables = '' !< dummy array with all measured variables that are allowed
437
438	INTEGER(iwp) :: dim_ntime !< dimension size of time coordinate
439	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index of virtual observation point in x-direction
440	INTEGER(iwp) :: is !< grid index of real observation point of the respective station in x-direction
441	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index of observation point in x-direction
442	INTEGER(iwp) :: js !< grid index of real observation point of the respective station in y-direction
443	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index of observation point in x-direction
444	INTEGER(iwp) :: kl !< lower vertical index of surrounding grid points of an observation coordinate
445	INTEGER(iwp) :: ks !< grid index of real observation point of the respective station in z-direction
446	INTEGER(iwp) :: ksurf !< topography top index
447	INTEGER(iwp) :: ku !< upper vertical index of surrounding grid points of an observation coordinate
448	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index over all stations
449	INTEGER(iwp) :: len_char !< character length of single measured variables without Null character
450	INTEGER(iwp) :: ll !< running index over all measured variables in file
451	INTEGER(iwp) :: lll !< running index over all allowed variables
452	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index over trajectory coordinates
453	INTEGER(iwp) :: ns !< counter variable for number of observation points on subdomain
454	INTEGER(iwp) :: t !< running index over number of trajectories
455	INTEGER(iwp) :: m
456
457	INTEGER(KIND=1):: soil_dum
458
459	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ns_all !< dummy array used to sum-up the number of observation coordinates
460
461	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: meas_flag !< mask array indicating measurement positions
462
463	! LOGICAL :: chem_include !< flag indicating that chemical species is considered in modelled mechanism
464	LOGICAL :: on_pe !< flag indicating that the respective measurement coordinate is on subdomain
465
466	REAL(wp) :: fill_eutm !< _FillValue for coordinate array E_UTM
467	REAL(wp) :: fill_nutm !< _FillValue for coordinate array N_UTM
468	REAL(wp) :: fill_zag !< _FillValue for height coordinate
469
470	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: e_utm !< easting UTM coordinate, temporary variable
471	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: n_utm !< northing UTM coordinate, temporary variable
472	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: e_utm_tmp !< EUTM coordinate before rotation
473	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: n_utm_tmp !< NUTM coordinate before rotation
474	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: z_ag !< height coordinate relative to origin_z, temporary variable
475	!
476	!-- Obtain number of sites. Also, pass the 'open' string, in order to initially
477	!-- open the measurement driver.
478	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea_general%nvm, char_numstations, &
479	vmea_general%id_vm, input_file_vm, &
480	global_attribute, 'open', '' )
481	!
482	!-- Allocate data structure which encompass all required information, such as
483	!-- grid points indicies, absolute UTM coordinates, the measured quantities,
484	!-- etc. .
485	ALLOCATE( vmea(1:vmea_general%nvm) )
486	!
487	!-- Allocate flag array. This dummy array is used to identify grid points
488	!-- where virtual measurements should be taken. Please note, at least one
489	!-- ghost point is required, in order to include also the surrounding
490	!-- grid points of the original coordinate.
491	ALLOCATE( meas_flag(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
492	meas_flag = 0
493	!
494	!-- Loop over all sites.
495	DO l = 1, vmea_general%nvm
496	!
497	!-- Determine suffix which contains the ID, ordered according to the number
498	!-- of measurements.
499	IF( l < 10 ) THEN
500	WRITE( dum, '(I1)') l
501	ELSEIF( l < 100 ) THEN
502	WRITE( dum, '(I2)') l
503	ELSEIF( l < 1000 ) THEN
504	WRITE( dum, '(I3)') l
505	ELSEIF( l < 10000 ) THEN
506	WRITE( dum, '(I4)') l
507	ELSEIF( l < 100000 ) THEN
508	WRITE( dum, '(I5)') l
509	ENDIF
510	!
511	!-- Read site coordinates (UTM).
512	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea(l)%origin_x_obs, char_origx // &
513	TRIM( dum ), vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
514	global_attribute, '', '' )
515	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea(l)%origin_y_obs, char_origy // &
516	TRIM( dum ), vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
517	global_attribute, '', '' )
518	!
519	!-- Read site name
520	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea(l)%site, char_site // TRIM( dum ), &
521	vmea_general%id_vm, '', global_attribute, &
522	'', '' )
523	!
524	!-- Read type of the measurement (trajectory, profile, timeseries).
525	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea(l)%feature_type, char_feature // &
526	TRIM( dum ), vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
527	global_attribute, '', '' )
528	!
529	!-- Read the name of the original file where observational data is stored.
530	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea(l)%filename_original, char_filename // &
531	TRIM( dum ), vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
532	global_attribute, '', '' )
533	!
534	!-- Read a flag which indicates that also soil quantities are take at the
535	!-- respective site (is part of the virtual measurement driver).
536	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( soil_dum, char_soil // TRIM( dum ), &
537	vmea_general%id_vm, '', global_attribute, &
538	'', '' )
539	!
540	!-- Set flag for soil-sampling.
541	IF ( soil_dum == 1 ) vmea(l)%soil_sampling = .TRUE.
542	!
543	!--- Set logicals depending on the type of the measurement
544	IF ( INDEX( vmea(l)%feature_type, type_tspr ) /= 0 ) THEN
545	vmea(l)%timseries_profile = .TRUE.
546	ELSEIF ( INDEX( vmea(l)%feature_type, type_ts ) /= 0 ) THEN
547	vmea(l)%timseries = .TRUE.
548	ELSEIF ( INDEX( vmea(l)%feature_type, type_traj ) /= 0 ) THEN
549	vmea(l)%trajectory = .TRUE.
550	!
551	!-- Give error message in case the type matches non of the pre-defined types.
552	ELSE
553	message_string = 'Attribue featureType = ' // &
554	TRIM( vmea(l)%feature_type ) // &
555	' is not allowed.'
556	CALL message( 'vm_init', 'PA0535', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
557	ENDIF
558	!
559	!-- Read string with all measured variables at this site
560	measured_variables_file = ''
561	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( measured_variables_file, &
562	char_mv // TRIM( dum ), vmea_general%id_vm )
563	!
564	!-- Count the number of measured variables. Only count variables that match
565	!-- with the allowed variables.
566	!-- Please note, for some NetCDF interal reasons characters end with a NULL,
567	!-- i.e. also empty characters contain a NULL. Therefore, check the strings
568	!-- for a NULL to get the correct character length in order to compare
569	!-- them with the list of allowed variables.
570	vmea(l)%nmeas = 0
571	DO ll = 1, SIZE( measured_variables_file )
572	IF ( measured_variables_file(ll)(1:1) /= CHAR(0) .AND. &
573	measured_variables_file(ll)(1:1) /= ' ') THEN
574	!
575	!-- Obtain character length of the character
576	len_char = 1
577	DO WHILE ( measured_variables_file(ll)(len_char:len_char) /= CHAR(0)&
578	.AND. measured_variables_file(ll)(len_char:len_char) /= ' ' )
579	len_char = len_char + 1
580	ENDDO
581	len_char = len_char - 1
582	!
583	!-- Now, compare the measured variable with the list of allowed
584	!-- variables.
585	DO lll= 1, SIZE( list_allowed_variables )
586	IF ( measured_variables_file(ll)(1:len_char) == &
587	TRIM( list_allowed_variables(lll) ) ) THEN
588	vmea(l)%nmeas = vmea(l)%nmeas + 1
589	measured_variables(vmea(l)%nmeas) = &
590	measured_variables_file(ll)(1:len_char)
591	ENDIF
592	ENDDO
593	ENDIF
594	ENDDO
595
596
597	!
598	!-- Allocate array for the measured variables names for the respective site.
599	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(1:vmea(l)%nmeas) )
600
601	DO ll = 1, vmea(l)%nmeas
602	vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(ll) = TRIM( measured_variables(ll) )
603	ENDDO
604	!
605	!-- In case of chemistry, check if species is considered in the modelled
606	!-- chemistry mechanism.
607	! IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
608	! DO ll = 1, vmea(l)%nmeas
609	! chem_include = .FALSE.
610	! DO n = 1, nvar
611	! IF ( TRIM( vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(ll) ) == &
612	! TRIM( chem_species(n)%name ) ) chem_include = .TRUE.
613	! ENDDO
614	! !
615	! !-- Revise this. It should only check for chemistry variables and not for all!
616	! IF ( .NOT. chem_include ) THEN
617	! message_string = TRIM( vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(ll) ) // &
618	! ' is not considered in the modelled ' // &
619	! 'chemistry mechanism'
620	! CALL message( 'vm_init', 'PA0000', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
621	! ENDIF
622	! ENDDO
623	! ENDIF
624	!
625	!-- Read the UTM coordinates for the actual site. Based on the coordinates,
626	!-- define the grid-index space on each subdomain where virtual measurements
627	!-- should be taken. Note, the entire coordinate arrays will not be stored
628	!-- as this would exceed memory requirements, particularly for trajectory
629	!-- measurements.
630	IF ( vmea(l)%nmeas > 0 ) THEN
631	!
632	!-- For stationary measurements UTM coordinates are just one value and
633	!-- its dimension is "station", while for mobile measurements UTM
634	!-- coordinates are arrays depending on the number of trajectories and
635	!-- time, according to (UC)2 standard. First, inquire dimension length
636	!-- of the UTM coordinates.
637	IF ( vmea(l)%trajectory ) THEN
638	!
639	!-- For non-stationary measurements read the number of trajectories
640	!-- and the number of time coordinates.
641	CALL netcdf_data_input_get_dimension_length( vmea_general%id_vm, &
642	vmea(l)%ntraj, &
643	"traj" // &
644	TRIM( dum ) )
645	CALL netcdf_data_input_get_dimension_length( vmea_general%id_vm, &
646	dim_ntime, &
647	"ntime" // &
648	TRIM( dum ) )
649	!
650	!-- For stationary measurements the dimension for UTM and time
651	!-- coordinates is 1.
652	ELSE
653	vmea(l)%ntraj = 1
654	dim_ntime = 1
655	ENDIF
656	!
657	!- Allocate array which defines individual time frame for each
658	!-- trajectory or station.
659	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%dim_t(1:vmea(l)%ntraj) )
660	!
661	!-- Allocate temporary arrays for UTM and height coordinates. Note,
662	!-- on file UTM coordinates might be 1D or 2D variables
663	ALLOCATE( e_utm(1:vmea(l)%ntraj,1:dim_ntime) )
664	ALLOCATE( n_utm(1:vmea(l)%ntraj,1:dim_ntime) )
665	ALLOCATE( z_ag(1:vmea(l)%ntraj,1:dim_ntime) )
666
667	ALLOCATE( e_utm_tmp(1:vmea(l)%ntraj,1:dim_ntime) )
668	ALLOCATE( n_utm_tmp(1:vmea(l)%ntraj,1:dim_ntime) )
669	!
670	!-- Read _FillValue attributes of the coordinate dimensions.
671	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( fill_eutm, char_fillvalue, &
672	vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
673	.NOT. global_attribute, '', &
674	char_eutm // TRIM( dum ) )
675	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( fill_nutm, char_fillvalue, &
676	vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
677	.NOT. global_attribute, '', &
678	char_nutm // TRIM( dum ) )
679	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( fill_zag, char_fillvalue, &
680	vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
681	.NOT. global_attribute, '', &
682	char_zag // TRIM( dum ) )
683	!
684	!-- Read UTM and height coordinates coordinates for all trajectories and
685	!-- times.
686	IF ( vmea(l)%trajectory ) THEN
687	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( e_utm, char_eutm // TRIM( dum ), &
688	vmea_general%id_vm, &
689	0, dim_ntime-1, 0, vmea(l)%ntraj-1 )
690	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( n_utm, char_nutm // TRIM( dum ), &
691	vmea_general%id_vm, &
692	0, dim_ntime-1, 0, vmea(l)%ntraj-1 )
693	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( z_ag, char_zag // TRIM( dum ), &
694	vmea_general%id_vm, &
695	0, dim_ntime-1, 0, vmea(l)%ntraj-1 )
696	ELSE
697	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( e_utm(1,:), char_eutm // TRIM( dum ), &
698	vmea_general%id_vm )
699	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( n_utm(1,:), char_nutm // TRIM( dum ), &
700	vmea_general%id_vm )
701	CALL netcdf_data_input_var( z_ag(1,:), char_zag // TRIM( dum ), &
702	vmea_general%id_vm )
703	ENDIF
704	!
705	!-- Based on UTM coordinates, check if the measurement station or parts
706	!-- of the trajectory is on subdomain. This case, setup grid index space
707	!-- sample these quantities.
708	meas_flag = 0
709	DO t = 1, vmea(l)%ntraj
710	!
711	!-- First, compute relative x- and y-coordinates with respect to the
712	!-- lower-left origin of the model domain, which is the difference
713	!-- between UTM coordinates. Note, if the origin is not correct, the
714	!-- virtual sites will be misplaced.
715	e_utm_tmp(t,1:dim_ntime) = e_utm(t,1:dim_ntime) - init_model%origin_x
716	n_utm_tmp(t,1:dim_ntime) = n_utm(t,1:dim_ntime) - init_model%origin_y
717	e_utm(t,1:dim_ntime) = COS( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp ) &
718	* e_utm_tmp(t,1:dim_ntime) &
719	- SIN( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp ) &
720	* n_utm_tmp(t,1:dim_ntime)
721	n_utm(t,1:dim_ntime) = SIN( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp ) &
722	* e_utm_tmp(t,1:dim_ntime) &
723	+ COS( init_model%rotation_angle * pi / 180.0_wp ) &
724	* n_utm_tmp(t,1:dim_ntime)
725	!
726	!-- Determine the individual time coordinate length for each station and
727	!-- trajectory. This is required as several stations and trajectories
728	!-- are merged into one file but they do not have the same number of
729	!-- points in time, hence, missing values may occur and cannot be
730	!-- processed further. This is actually a work-around for the specific
731	!-- (UC)2 dataset, but it won't harm in anyway.
732	vmea(l)%dim_t(t) = 0
733	DO n = 1, dim_ntime
734	IF ( e_utm(t,n) /= fill_eutm .AND. &
735	n_utm(t,n) /= fill_nutm .AND. &
736	z_ag(t,n) /= fill_zag ) vmea(l)%dim_t(t) = n
737	ENDDO
738	!
739	!-- Compute grid indices relative to origin and check if these are
740	!-- on the subdomain. Note, virtual measurements will be taken also
741	!-- at grid points surrounding the station, hence, check also for
742	!-- these grid points.
743	DO n = 1, vmea(l)%dim_t(t)
744	is = INT( ( e_utm(t,n) + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx, KIND = iwp )
745	js = INT( ( n_utm(t,n) + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy, KIND = iwp )
746	!
747	!-- Is the observation point on subdomain?
748	on_pe = ( is >= nxl .AND. is <= nxr .AND. &
749	js >= nys .AND. js <= nyn )
750	!
751	!-- Check if observation coordinate is on subdomain
752	IF ( on_pe ) THEN
753	!
754	!-- Determine vertical index which correspond to the observation
755	!-- height.
756	ksurf = get_topography_top_index_ji( js, is, 's' )
757	ks = MINLOC( ABS( zu - zw(ksurf) - z_ag(t,n) ), DIM = 1 ) - 1
758	!
759	!-- Set mask array at the observation coordinates. Also, flag the
760	!-- surrounding coordinate points, but first check whether the
761	!-- surrounding coordinate points are on the subdomain.
762	kl = MERGE( ks-1, ks, ks-1 >= nzb .AND. ks-1 >= ksurf )
763	ku = MERGE( ks+1, ks, ks+1 < nzt+1 )
764
765	DO i = is-1, is+1
766	DO j = js-1, js+1
767	DO k = kl, ku
768	meas_flag(k,j,i) = MERGE( &
769	IBSET( meas_flag(k,j,i), 0 ), &
770	0, &
771	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) &
772	)
773	ENDDO
774	ENDDO
775	ENDDO
776	ENDIF
777	ENDDO
778
779	ENDDO
780	!
781	!-- Based on the flag array count the number of of sampling coordinates.
782	!-- Please note, sampling coordinates in atmosphere and soil may be
783	!-- different, as within the soil all levels will be measured.
784	!-- Hence, count individually. Start with atmoshere.
785	ns = 0
786	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
787	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
788	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
789	ns = ns + MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( meas_flag(k,j,i), 0 ) )
790	ENDDO
791	ENDDO
792	ENDDO
793
794	!
795	!-- Store number of observation points on subdomain and allocate index
796	!-- arrays as well as array containing height information.
797	vmea(l)%ns = ns
798
799	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%i(1:vmea(l)%ns) )
800	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%j(1:vmea(l)%ns) )
801	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%k(1:vmea(l)%ns) )
802	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%z_ag(1:vmea(l)%ns) )
803	!
804	!-- Based on the flag array store the grid indices which correspond to
805	!-- the observation coordinates.
806	ns = 0
807	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
808	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
809	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
810	IF ( BTEST( meas_flag(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
811	ns = ns + 1
812	vmea(l)%i(ns) = i
813	vmea(l)%j(ns) = j
814	vmea(l)%k(ns) = k
815	vmea(l)%z_ag(ns) = zu(k) - &
816	zw(get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' ))
817	ENDIF
818	ENDDO
819	ENDDO
820	ENDDO
821	!
822	!-- Same for the soil. Based on the flag array, count the number of
823	!-- sampling coordinates in soil. Sample at all soil levels in this case.
824	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling ) THEN
825	DO i = nxl, nxr
826	DO j = nys, nyn
827	IF ( ANY( BTEST( meas_flag(:,j,i), 0 ) ) ) THEN
828	IF ( surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
829	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
830	vmea(l)%ns_soil = vmea(l)%ns_soil + &
831	nzt_soil - nzb_soil + 1
832	ENDIF
833	IF ( surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
834	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
835	vmea(l)%ns_soil = vmea(l)%ns_soil + &
836	nzt_wall - nzb_wall + 1
837	ENDIF
838	ENDIF
839	ENDDO
840	ENDDO
841	ENDIF
842	!
843	!-- Allocate index arrays as well as array containing height information
844	!-- for soil.
845	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling ) THEN
846	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%i_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) )
847	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%j_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) )
848	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%k_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) )
849	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%depth(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) )
850	ENDIF
851	!
852	!-- For soil, store the grid indices.
853	ns = 0
854	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling ) THEN
855	DO i = nxl, nxr
856	DO j = nys, nyn
857	IF ( ANY( BTEST( meas_flag(:,j,i), 0 ) ) ) THEN
858	IF ( surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
859	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
860	m = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i)
861	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
862	ns = ns + 1
863	vmea(l)%i_soil(ns) = i
864	vmea(l)%j_soil(ns) = j
865	vmea(l)%k_soil(ns) = k
866	vmea(l)%depth(ns) = zs(k)
867	ENDDO
868	ENDIF
869
870	IF ( surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
871	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
872	m = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i)
873	DO k = nzb_wall, nzt_wall
874	ns = ns + 1
875	vmea(l)%i_soil(ns) = i
876	vmea(l)%j_soil(ns) = j
877	vmea(l)%k_soil(ns) = k
878	vmea(l)%depth(ns) = surf_usm_h%zw(k,m)
879	ENDDO
880	ENDIF
881	ENDIF
882	ENDDO
883	ENDDO
884	ENDIF
885	!
886	!-- Allocate array to save the sampled values.
887	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%measured_vars(1:vmea(l)%ns,1:vmea(l)%nmeas) )
888
889	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling ) &
890	ALLOCATE( vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil, &
891	1:vmea(l)%nmeas) )
892	!
893	!-- Initialize with _FillValues
894	vmea(l)%measured_vars(1:vmea(l)%ns,1:vmea(l)%nmeas) = vmea(l)%fillout
895	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling ) &
896	vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil,1:vmea(l)%nmeas) = &
897	vmea(l)%fillout
898	!
899	!-- Deallocate temporary coordinate arrays
900	IF ( ALLOCATED( e_utm ) ) DEALLOCATE( e_utm )
901	IF ( ALLOCATED( n_utm ) ) DEALLOCATE( n_utm )
902	IF ( ALLOCATED( e_utm_tmp ) ) DEALLOCATE( e_utm_tmp )
903	IF ( ALLOCATED( n_utm_tmp ) ) DEALLOCATE( n_utm_tmp )
904	IF ( ALLOCATED( n_utm ) ) DEALLOCATE( n_utm )
905	IF ( ALLOCATED( z_ag ) ) DEALLOCATE( z_ag )
906	IF ( ALLOCATED( z_ag ) ) DEALLOCATE( vmea(l)%dim_t )
907	ENDIF
908	ENDDO
909	!
910	!-- Close input file for virtual measurements. Therefore, just call
911	!-- the read attribute routine with the "close" option.
912	CALL netcdf_data_input_att( vmea_general%nvm, char_numstations, &
913	vmea_general%id_vm, '', &
914	global_attribute, 'close', '' )
915	!
916	!-- Sum-up the number of observation coordiates, for atmosphere first.
917	!-- This is actually only required for data output.
918	ALLOCATE( ns_all(1:vmea_general%nvm) )
919	ns_all = 0
920	#if defined( __parallel )
921	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( vmea(:)%ns, ns_all(:), vmea_general%nvm, MPI_INTEGER, &
922	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
923	#else
924	ns_all(:) = vmea(:)%ns
925	#endif
926	vmea(:)%ns_tot = ns_all(:)
927	!
928	!-- Now for soil
929	ns_all = 0
930	#if defined( __parallel )
931	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( vmea(:)%ns_soil, ns_all(:), vmea_general%nvm, &
932	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
933	#else
934	ns_all(:) = vmea(:)%ns_soil
935	#endif
936	vmea(:)%ns_soil_tot = ns_all(:)
937
938	DEALLOCATE( ns_all )
939	!
940	!-- Dellocate flag array
941	DEALLOCATE( meas_flag )
942	!
943	!-- Initialize binary data output of virtual measurements.
944	!-- Open binary output file.
945	CALL check_open( 27 )
946	!
947	!-- Output header information.
948	CALL vm_data_output
949
950	END SUBROUTINE vm_init
951
952
953	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
954	! Description:
955	! ------------
956	!> Binary data output.
957	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
958	SUBROUTINE vm_data_output
959
960	USE pegrid
961
962	IMPLICIT NONE
963
964	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index over IO blocks
965	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index over all stations
966	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index over all measured variables at a station
967	!
968	!-- Header output on each PE
969	IF ( init ) THEN
970
971	DO i = 0, io_blocks-1
972	IF ( i == io_group ) THEN
973	WRITE ( 27 ) 'number of measurements '
974	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea_general%nvm
975
976	DO l = 1, vmea_general%nvm
977	WRITE ( 27 ) 'site '
978	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%site
979	WRITE ( 27 ) 'file '
980	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%filename_original
981	WRITE ( 27 ) 'feature_type '
982	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%feature_type
983	WRITE ( 27 ) 'origin_x_obs '
984	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%origin_x_obs
985	WRITE ( 27 ) 'origin_y_obs '
986	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%origin_y_obs
987	WRITE ( 27 ) 'total number of observation points'
988	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%ns_tot
989	WRITE ( 27 ) 'number of measured variables '
990	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%nmeas
991	WRITE ( 27 ) 'variables '
992	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(:)
993	WRITE ( 27 ) 'number of observation points '
994	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%ns
995	WRITE ( 27 ) 'E_UTM '
996	WRITE ( 27 ) init_model%origin_x + &
997	REAL( vmea(l)%i(1:vmea(l)%ns) + 0.5_wp, KIND = wp ) * dx
998	WRITE ( 27 ) 'N_UTM '
999	WRITE ( 27 ) init_model%origin_y + &
1000	REAL( vmea(l)%j(1:vmea(l)%ns) + 0.5_wp, KIND = wp ) * dy
1001	WRITE ( 27 ) 'Z_AG '
1002	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%z_ag(1:vmea(l)%ns)
1003	WRITE ( 27 ) 'soil sampling '
1004	WRITE ( 27 ) MERGE( 'yes ', &
1005	'no ', &
1006	vmea(l)%soil_sampling )
1007
1008	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling ) THEN
1009	WRITE ( 27 ) 'total number of soil points '
1010	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%ns_soil_tot
1011	WRITE ( 27 ) 'number of soil points '
1012	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%ns_soil
1013	WRITE ( 27 ) 'E_UTM soil '
1014	WRITE ( 27 ) init_model%origin_x + &
1015	REAL( vmea(l)%i_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) + 0.5_wp, &
1016	KIND = wp ) * dx
1017	WRITE ( 27 ) 'N_UTM soil '
1018	WRITE ( 27 ) init_model%origin_y + &
1019	REAL( vmea(l)%j_soil(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil) + 0.5_wp, &
1020	KIND = wp ) * dy
1021	WRITE ( 27 ) 'DEPTH '
1022	WRITE ( 27 ) vmea(l)%depth(1:vmea(l)%ns_soil)
1023	ENDIF
1024	ENDDO
1025
1026	ENDIF
1027	ENDDO
1028
1029	#if defined( __parallel )
1030	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1031	#endif
1032	!
1033	!-- After header information is written, set control flag to .FALSE.
1034	init = .FALSE.
1035	!
1036	!-- Data output at each measurement timestep on each PE
1037	ELSE
1038	DO i = 0, io_blocks-1
1039
1040	IF ( i == io_group ) THEN
1041	WRITE( 27 ) 'output time '
1042	WRITE( 27 ) time_since_reference_point
1043	DO l = 1, vmea_general%nvm
1044	!
1045	!-- Skip binary writing if no observation points are defined on PE
1046	IF ( vmea(l)%ns < 1 .AND. vmea(l)%ns_soil < 1) CYCLE
1047	DO n = 1, vmea(l)%nmeas
1048	WRITE( 27 ) vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(n)
1049	IF ( vmea(l)%soil_sampling .AND. &
1050	ANY( TRIM( vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(n)) == &
1051	soil_vars ) ) THEN
1052	WRITE( 27 ) vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil(:,n)
1053	ELSE
1054	WRITE( 27 ) vmea(l)%measured_vars(:,n)
1055	ENDIF
1056	ENDDO
1057
1058	ENDDO
1059	ENDIF
1060	ENDDO
1061	#if defined( __parallel )
1062	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1063	#endif
1064	ENDIF
1065
1066	END SUBROUTINE vm_data_output
1067
1068
1069	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1070	! Description:
1071	! ------------
1072	!> Write end-of-file statement as last action.
1073	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1074	SUBROUTINE vm_last_actions
1075
1076	USE pegrid
1077
1078	IMPLICIT NONE
1079
1080	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index over IO blocks
1081
1082	DO i = 0, io_blocks-1
1083	IF ( i == io_group ) THEN
1084	WRITE( 27 ) 'EOF '
1085	ENDIF
1086	ENDDO
1087	#if defined( __parallel )
1088	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1089	#endif
1090	!
1091	!-- Close binary file
1092	CALL close_file( 27 )
1093
1094	END SUBROUTINE vm_last_actions
1095
1096	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1097	! Description:
1098	! ------------
1099	!> Sampling of the actual quantities along the observation coordinates
1100	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1101	SUBROUTINE vm_sampling
1102
1103	USE arrays_3d, &
1104	ONLY: exner, pt, q, u, v, w
1105
1106	USE radiation_model_mod, &
1107	ONLY: radiation
1108
1109	USE surface_mod, &
1110	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
1111
1112	IMPLICIT NONE
1113
1114	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
1115	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index in y-direction
1116	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index in z-direction
1117	INTEGER(iwp) :: ind_chem !< dummy index to identify chemistry variable and translate it from (UC)2 standard to interal naming
1118	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index over the number of stations
1119	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index over all virtual observation coordinates
1120	INTEGER(iwp) :: mm !< index of surface element which corresponds to the virtual observation coordinate
1121	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< running index over all measured variables at a station
1122	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !< running index over the number of chemcal species
1123
1124	LOGICAL :: match_lsm !< flag indicating natural-type surface
1125	LOGICAL :: match_usm !< flag indicating urban-type surface
1126	!
1127	!-- Loop over all sites.
1128	DO l = 1, vmea_general%nvm
1129	!
1130	!-- At the beginning, set _FillValues
1131	IF ( ALLOCATED( vmea(l)%measured_vars ) ) &
1132	vmea(l)%measured_vars = vmea(l)%fillout
1133	IF ( ALLOCATED( vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil ) ) &
1134	vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil = vmea(l)%fillout
1135	!
1136	!-- Loop over all variables measured at this site.
1137	DO n = 1, vmea(l)%nmeas
1138
1139	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(n) ) )
1140
1141	CASE ( 'theta' )
1142	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
1143	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1144	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1145	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1146	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1147	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = pt(k,j,i)
1148	ENDDO
1149	ENDIF
1150
1151	CASE ( 'ta' )
1152	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
1153	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1154	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1155	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1156	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1157	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = pt(k,j,i) * exner( k )
1158	ENDDO
1159	ENDIF
1160
1161	CASE ( 't_va' )
1162
1163	CASE ( 'hus', 'haa' )
1164	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1165	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1166	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1167	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1168	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1169	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = q(k,j,i)
1170	ENDDO
1171	ENDIF
1172
1173	CASE ( 'u', 'ua' )
1174	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1175	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1176	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1177	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1178	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
1179	ENDDO
1180
1181	CASE ( 'v', 'va' )
1182	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1183	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1184	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1185	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1186	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
1187	ENDDO
1188
1189	CASE ( 'w' )
1190	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1191	k = MAX ( 1, vmea(l)%k(m) )
1192	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1193	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1194	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) )
1195	ENDDO
1196
1197	CASE ( 'wspeed' )
1198	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1199	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1200	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1201	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1202	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = SQRT( &
1203	( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
1204	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 &
1205	)
1206	ENDDO
1207
1208	CASE ( 'wdir' )
1209	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1210	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1211	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1212	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1213
1214	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = ATAN2( &
1215	- 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ), &
1216	- 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1217	) * 180.0_wp / pi
1218	ENDDO
1219
1220	CASE ( 'utheta' )
1221	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1222	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1223	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1224	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1225	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.5_wp * &
1226	( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) * &
1227	pt(k,j,i)
1228	ENDDO
1229
1230	CASE ( 'vtheta' )
1231	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1232	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1233	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1234	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1235	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.5_wp * &
1236	( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) * &
1237	pt(k,j,i)
1238	ENDDO
1239
1240	CASE ( 'wtheta' )
1241	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1242	k = MAX ( 1, vmea(l)%k(m) )
1243	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1244	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1245	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.5_wp * &
1246	( w(k-1,j,i) + w(k,j,i) ) * &
1247	pt(k,j,i)
1248	ENDDO
1249
1250	CASE ( 'uw' )
1251	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1252	k = MAX ( 1, vmea(l)%k(m) )
1253	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1254	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1255	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.25_wp * &
1256	( w(k-1,j,i) + w(k,j,i) ) * &
1257	( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) )
1258	ENDDO
1259
1260	CASE ( 'vw' )
1261	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1262	k = MAX ( 1, vmea(l)%k(m) )
1263	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1264	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1265	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.25_wp * &
1266	( w(k-1,j,i) + w(k,j,i) ) * &
1267	( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
1268	ENDDO
1269
1270	CASE ( 'uv' )
1271	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1272	k = MAX ( 1, vmea(l)%k(m) )
1273	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1274	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1275	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = 0.25_wp * &
1276	( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) * &
1277	( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) )
1278	ENDDO
1279	!
1280	!-- List of variables may need extension.
1281	CASE ( 'mcpm1', 'mcpm2p5', 'mcpm10', 'mfco', 'mfno', 'mfno2', &
1282	'tro3' )
1283	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
1284	!
1285	!-- First, search for the measured variable in the chem_vars
1286	!-- list, in order to get the internal name of the variable.
1287	DO nn = 1, UBOUND( chem_vars, 2 )
1288	IF ( TRIM( vmea(l)%measured_vars_name(m) ) == &
1289	TRIM( chem_vars(0,nn) ) ) ind_chem = nn
1290	ENDDO
1291	!
1292	!-- Run loop over all chemical species, if the measured
1293	!-- variable matches the interal name, sample the variable.
1294	DO nn = 1, nvar
1295	IF ( TRIM( chem_vars(1,ind_chem) ) == &
1296	TRIM( chem_species(nn)%name ) ) THEN
1297	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1298	k = vmea(l)%k(m)
1299	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1300	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1301	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = &
1302	chem_species(nn)%conc(k,j,i)
1303	ENDDO
1304	ENDIF
1305	ENDDO
1306	ENDIF
1307
1308	CASE ( 'us' )
1309	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1310	!
1311	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1312	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1313	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1314	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1315	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1316	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1317
1318	DO mm = surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i), &
1319	surf_def_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
1320	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_def_h(0)%us(mm)
1321	ENDDO
1322	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1323	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1324	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%us(mm)
1325	ENDDO
1326	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1327	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1328	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%us(mm)
1329	ENDDO
1330	ENDDO
1331
1332	CASE ( 'ts' )
1333	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1334	!
1335	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1336	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1337	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1338	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1339	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1340	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1341
1342	DO mm = surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i), &
1343	surf_def_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
1344	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_def_h(0)%ts(mm)
1345	ENDDO
1346	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1347	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1348	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%ts(mm)
1349	ENDDO
1350	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1351	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1352	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%ts(mm)
1353	ENDDO
1354	ENDDO
1355
1356	CASE ( 'hfls' )
1357	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1358	!
1359	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1360	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1361	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1362	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1363	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1364	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1365
1366	DO mm = surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i), &
1367	surf_def_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
1368	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_def_h(0)%qsws(mm)
1369	ENDDO
1370	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1371	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1372	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%qsws(mm)
1373	ENDDO
1374	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1375	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1376	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%qsws(mm)
1377	ENDDO
1378	ENDDO
1379
1380	CASE ( 'hfss' )
1381	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1382	!
1383	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1384	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1385	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1386	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1387	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1388	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1389
1390	DO mm = surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i), &
1391	surf_def_h(0)%end_index(j,i)
1392	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_def_h(0)%shf(mm)
1393	ENDDO
1394	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1395	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1396	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%shf(mm)
1397	ENDDO
1398	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1399	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1400	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%shf(mm)
1401	ENDDO
1402	ENDDO
1403
1404	CASE ( 'rnds' )
1405	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1406	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1407	!
1408	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1409	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1410	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1411	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1412	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1413	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1414
1415	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1416	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1417	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%rad_net(mm)
1418	ENDDO
1419	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1420	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1421	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%rad_net(mm)
1422	ENDDO
1423	ENDDO
1424	ENDIF
1425
1426	CASE ( 'rsus' )
1427	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1428	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1429	!
1430	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1431	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1432	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1433	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1434	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1435	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1436
1437	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1438	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1439	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%rad_sw_out(mm)
1440	ENDDO
1441	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1442	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1443	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%rad_sw_out(mm)
1444	ENDDO
1445	ENDDO
1446	ENDIF
1447
1448	CASE ( 'rsds' )
1449	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1450	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1451	!
1452	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1453	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1454	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1455	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1456	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1457	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1458
1459	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1460	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1461	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%rad_sw_in(mm)
1462	ENDDO
1463	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1464	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1465	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%rad_sw_in(mm)
1466	ENDDO
1467	ENDDO
1468	ENDIF
1469
1470	CASE ( 'rlus' )
1471	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1472	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1473	!
1474	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1475	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1476	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1477	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1478	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1479	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1480
1481	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1482	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1483	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%rad_lw_out(mm)
1484	ENDDO
1485	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1486	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1487	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%rad_lw_out(mm)
1488	ENDDO
1489	ENDDO
1490	ENDIF
1491
1492	CASE ( 'rlds' )
1493	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1494	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1495	!
1496	!-- Surface data is only available on inner subdomains, not
1497	!-- on ghost points. Hence, limit the indices.
1498	j = MERGE( vmea(l)%j(m), nys, vmea(l)%j(m) < nys )
1499	j = MERGE( j , nyn, j > nyn )
1500	i = MERGE( vmea(l)%i(m), nxl, vmea(l)%i(m) < nxl )
1501	i = MERGE( i , nxr, i > nxr )
1502
1503	DO mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1504	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1505	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_lsm_h%rad_lw_in(mm)
1506	ENDDO
1507	DO mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i), &
1508	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1509	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = surf_usm_h%rad_lw_in(mm)
1510	ENDDO
1511	ENDDO
1512	ENDIF
1513
1514	CASE ( 'rsd' )
1515	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1516	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1517	k = MERGE( 0, vmea(l)%k(m), radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1518	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1519	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1520
1521	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = rad_sw_in(k,j,i)
1522	ENDDO
1523	ENDIF
1524
1525	CASE ( 'rsu' )
1526	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1527	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1528	k = MERGE( 0, vmea(l)%k(m), radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1529	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1530	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1531
1532	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = rad_sw_out(k,j,i)
1533	ENDDO
1534	ENDIF
1535
1536	CASE ( 'rlu' )
1537	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1538	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1539	k = MERGE( 0, vmea(l)%k(m), radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1540	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1541	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1542
1543	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = rad_lw_out(k,j,i)
1544	ENDDO
1545	ENDIF
1546
1547	CASE ( 'rld' )
1548	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1549	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1550	k = MERGE( 0, vmea(l)%k(m), radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1551	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1552	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1553
1554	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = rad_lw_in(k,j,i)
1555	ENDDO
1556	ENDIF
1557
1558	CASE ( 'rsddif' )
1559	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1560	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns
1561	j = vmea(l)%j(m)
1562	i = vmea(l)%i(m)
1563
1564	vmea(l)%measured_vars(m,n) = rad_sw_in_diff(j,i)
1565	ENDDO
1566	ENDIF
1567
1568	CASE ( 't_soil' )
1569	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns_soil
1570	i = vmea(l)%i_soil(m)
1571	j = vmea(l)%j_soil(m)
1572	k = vmea(l)%k_soil(m)
1573
1574	match_lsm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
1575	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1576	match_usm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
1577	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i)
1578
1579	IF ( match_lsm ) THEN
1580	mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i)
1581	vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil(m,n) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,mm)
1582	ENDIF
1583
1584	IF ( match_usm ) THEN
1585	mm = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i)
1586	vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil(m,n) = t_wall_h(k,mm)
1587	ENDIF
1588	ENDDO
1589
1590	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
1591	DO m = 1, vmea(l)%ns_soil
1592	i = vmea(l)%i_soil(m)
1593	j = vmea(l)%j_soil(m)
1594	k = vmea(l)%k_soil(m)
1595
1596	match_lsm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
1597	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i)
1598
1599	IF ( match_lsm ) THEN
1600	mm = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i)
1601	vmea(l)%measured_vars_soil(m,n) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,mm)
1602	ENDIF
1603
1604	ENDDO
1605	!
1606	!-- More will follow ...
1607
1608	!
1609	!-- No match found - just set a fill value
1610	CASE DEFAULT
1611	vmea(l)%measured_vars(:,n) = vmea(l)%fillout
1612	END SELECT
1613
1614	ENDDO
1615
1616	ENDDO
1617
1618	END SUBROUTINE vm_sampling
1619
1620
1621	END MODULE virtual_measurement_mod

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