source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/timestep.f90 @ 316

 SUBROUTINE timestep

!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
! Current revisions:
! -----------------
! Additional timestep criterion in case of simulations with plant canopy
!
! Output of messages replaced by message handling routine.
!
!
! Former revisions:
! -----------------
! $Id: timestep.f90 316 2009-05-13 15:31:23Z letzel $
!
! 222 2009-01-12 16:04:16Z letzel
! Implementation of a MPI-1 Coupling: replaced myid with target_id
! Bugfix for nonparallel execution
!
! 108 2007-08-24 15:10:38Z letzel
! modifications to terminate coupled runs
!
! RCS Log replace by Id keyword, revision history cleaned up
!
! Revision 1.21  2006/02/23 12:59:44  raasch
! nt_anz renamed current_timestep_number
!
! Revision 1.1  1997/08/11 06:26:19  raasch
! Initial revision
!
!
! Description:
! ------------
! Compute the time step under consideration of the FCL and diffusion criterion.
!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!

    USE arrays_3d
    USE control_parameters
    USE cpulog
    USE grid_variables
    USE indices
    USE interfaces
    USE pegrid
    USE statistics

    IMPLICIT NONE

    INTEGER ::  i, j, k

    REAL ::  div, dt_diff, dt_diff_l, dt_plant_canopy,  & 
             dt_u, dt_v, dt_w, lad_max, percent_change, &
             u_gtrans_l, vabs_max, value, v_gtrans_l

    REAL, DIMENSION(2)         ::  uv_gtrans, uv_gtrans_l
    REAL, DIMENSION(nzb+1:nzt) ::  dxyz2_min


    CALL cpu_log( log_point(12), 'calculate_timestep', 'start' )

!
!-- Determine the maxima of the velocity components.
    CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nys-1, nyn+1, nxl-1, nxr+1, u, 'abs', &
                         u_max, u_max_ijk )
    CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nys-1, nyn+1, nxl-1, nxr+1, v, 'abs', &
                         v_max, v_max_ijk )
    CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nys-1, nyn+1, nxl-1, nxr+1, w, 'abs', &
                         w_max, w_max_ijk )

!
!-- In case maxima of the horizontal velocity components have been found at the
!-- bottom boundary (k=nzb), the corresponding maximum at level k=1 is chosen
!-- if the Dirichlet-boundary condition ('mirror') has been set. This is 
!-- necessary, because otherwise in case of Galilei-transform a far too large
!-- velocity (having the respective opposite sign) would be used for the time
!-- step determination (almost double the mean flow velocity).
    IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 )  THEN
       IF ( u_max_ijk(1) == nzb )  THEN
          u_max        = -u_max
          u_max_ijk(1) = nzb + 1
       ENDIF
       IF ( v_max_ijk(1) == nzb )  THEN
          v_max        = -v_max
          v_max_ijk(1) = nzb + 1
       ENDIF
    ENDIF

!
!-- In case of Galilei-transform not using the geostrophic wind as translation
!-- velocity, compute the volume-averaged horizontal velocity components, which
!-- will then be subtracted from the horizontal wind for the time step and
!-- horizontal advection routines.
    IF ( galilei_transformation  .AND. .NOT.  use_ug_for_galilei_tr )  THEN
       IF ( flow_statistics_called )  THEN
!
!--       Horizontal averages already existent, just need to average them 
!--       vertically.
          u_gtrans = 0.0
          v_gtrans = 0.0
          DO  k = nzb+1, nzt
             u_gtrans = u_gtrans + hom(k,1,1,0)
             v_gtrans = v_gtrans + hom(k,1,2,0)
          ENDDO
          u_gtrans = u_gtrans / REAL( nzt - nzb )
          v_gtrans = v_gtrans / REAL( nzt - nzb )
       ELSE
!
!--       Averaging over the entire model domain.
          uv_gtrans_l = 0.0
          DO  i = nxl, nxr
             DO  j = nys, nyn
                DO  k = nzb+1, nzt
                   uv_gtrans_l(1) = uv_gtrans_l(1) + u(k,j,i)
                   uv_gtrans_l(2) = uv_gtrans_l(2) + v(k,j,i)
                ENDDO
             ENDDO
          ENDDO
          uv_gtrans_l = uv_gtrans_l / REAL( (nxr-nxl+1)*(nyn-nys+1)*(nzt-nzb) )
#if defined( __parallel )
          CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( uv_gtrans_l, uv_gtrans, 2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
                              comm2d, ierr )
          u_gtrans = uv_gtrans(1) / REAL( numprocs )
          v_gtrans = uv_gtrans(2) / REAL( numprocs )
#else
          u_gtrans = uv_gtrans_l(1)
          v_gtrans = uv_gtrans_l(2)
#endif
       ENDIF
    ENDIF

    IF ( .NOT. dt_fixed )  THEN
!
!--    Variable time step:
!
!--    For each component, compute the maximum time step according to the 
!--    FCL-criterion.
       dt_u = dx / ( ABS( u_max - u_gtrans ) + 1.0E-10 )
       dt_v = dy / ( ABS( v_max - v_gtrans ) + 1.0E-10 )
       dt_w = dzu(MAX( 1, w_max_ijk(1) )) / ( ABS( w_max ) + 1.0E-10 )

!
!--    Compute time step according to the diffusion criterion.
!--    First calculate minimum grid spacing which only depends on index k
!--    Note: also at k=nzb+1 a full grid length is being assumed, although
!--          in the Prandtl-layer friction term only dz/2 is used.
!--          Experience from the old model seems to justify this.
       dt_diff_l = 999999.0

       DO  k = nzb+1, nzt
           dxyz2_min(k) = MIN( dx2, dy2, dzu(k)*dzu(k) ) * 0.125
       ENDDO

!$OMP PARALLEL private(i,j,k,value) reduction(MIN: dt_diff_l)
!$OMP DO
       DO  i = nxl, nxr
          DO  j = nys, nyn
             DO  k = nzb+1, nzt
                value = dxyz2_min(k) / ( MAX( kh(k,j,i), km(k,j,i) ) + 1E-20 )

                dt_diff_l = MIN( value, dt_diff_l )
             ENDDO
          ENDDO
       ENDDO
!$OMP END PARALLEL 
#if defined( __parallel )
       CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( dt_diff_l, dt_diff, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MIN, comm2d, &
                           ierr )
#else
       dt_diff = dt_diff_l
#endif

!
!--    In case of non-cyclic lateral boundaries, the diffusion time step
!--    may be further restricted by the lateral damping layer (damping only
!--    along x and y)
       IF ( bc_lr /= 'cyclic' )  THEN
          dt_diff = MIN( dt_diff, 0.125 * dx2 / ( km_damp_max + 1E-20 ) )
       ELSEIF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' )  THEN
          dt_diff = MIN( dt_diff, 0.125 * dy2 / ( km_damp_max + 1E-20 ) )
       ENDIF

!
!--    Additional timestep criterion with plant canopies: 
!--    it is not allowed to extract more than the available momentum
       IF ( plant_canopy ) THEN
!
!--       Determine the maxima of the leaf drag coefficient and the leaf 
!--       area density.
          CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nys-1, nyn+1, nxl-1, nxr+1, cdc, &
                               'max', cdc_max, cdc_max_ijk )
          CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nys-1, nyn+1, nxl-1, nxr+1, lad_u, &
                               'max', lad_u_max, lad_u_max_ijk )
          CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nys-1, nyn+1, nxl-1, nxr+1, lad_v, &
                               'max', lad_v_max, lad_v_max_ijk )
          CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nys-1, nyn+1, nxl-1, nxr+1, lad_w, &
                               'max', lad_w_max, lad_w_max_ijk )
!
!--       Determine the potential maximum of the absolute value of the velocity
          vabs_max = SQRT( u_max**2 + v_max**2 + w_max**2 )
          lad_max  = MAX( lad_u_max, lad_v_max, lad_w_max )

          dt_plant_canopy = 1.0 / ( cdc_max * lad_max * vabs_max )

       ELSE
!
!--       Use dt_diff as dummy value to avoid extra IF branches further below
          dt_plant_canopy = dt_diff

       ENDIF

!
!--    The time step is the minimum of the 3-4 components and the diffusion time
!--    step minus a reduction to be on the safe side. Factor 0.5 is necessary 
!--    since the leap-frog scheme always progresses by 2 * delta t.
!--    The user has to set the cfl_factor small enough to ensure that the 
!--    divergences do not become too large.
!--    The time step must not exceed the maximum allowed value.
       IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' )  THEN
          dt_3d = cfl_factor * MIN( dt_diff, dt_plant_canopy, dt_u, dt_v, dt_w )
       ELSE
          dt_3d = cfl_factor * 0.5 *  &
                  MIN( dt_diff, dt_plant_canopy, dt_u, dt_v, dt_w )
       ENDIF
       dt_3d = MIN( dt_3d, dt_max )

!
!--    Remember the restricting time step criterion for later output.
       IF ( MIN( dt_u, dt_v, dt_w ) < MIN( dt_diff, dt_plant_canopy ) )  THEN
          timestep_reason = 'A'
       ELSEIF ( dt_plant_canopy < dt_diff )  THEN
          timestep_reason = 'C'
       ELSE
          timestep_reason = 'D'
       ENDIF

!
!--    Set flag if the time step becomes too small.
       IF ( dt_3d < ( 0.00001 * dt_max ) )  THEN
          stop_dt = .TRUE.

          WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Time step has reached minimum limit.',   &
                        '&dt      = ', dt_3d, ' s  Simulation is terminated.', &
                        '&old_dt  = ', old_dt, ' s',                           &
                        '&dt_u    = ', dt_u, ' s',                             &
                        '&dt_v    = ', dt_v, ' s',                             &
                        '&dt_w    = ', dt_w, ' s',                             &
                        '&dt_diff = ', dt_diff, ' s',                          &
                        '&u_max   = ', u_max, ' m/s   k=', u_max_ijk(1),       &
                        '  j=', u_max_ijk(2), '  i=', u_max_ijk(3),            &
                        '&v_max   = ', v_max, ' m/s   k=', v_max_ijk(1),       &
                        '  j=', v_max_ijk(2), '  i=', v_max_ijk(3),            &
                        '&w_max   = ', w_max, ' m/s   k=', w_max_ijk(1),       &
                        '  j=', w_max_ijk(2), '  i=', w_max_ijk(3)
          CALL message( 'timestep', 'PA0312', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
!
!--       In case of coupled runs inform the remote model of the termination 
!--       and its reason, provided the remote model has not already been 
!--       informed of another termination reason (terminate_coupled > 0) before.
#if defined( __parallel )
          IF ( coupling_mode /= 'uncoupled' .AND. terminate_coupled == 0 )  THEN
             terminate_coupled = 2
             CALL MPI_SENDRECV( &
                  terminate_coupled,        1, MPI_INTEGER, target_id,  0, &
                  terminate_coupled_remote, 1, MPI_INTEGER, target_id,  0, &
                  comm_inter, status, ierr )
          ENDIF
#endif
       ENDIF

!
!--    Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of the timestep. For
!--    other schemes than Runge-Kutta, the following restrictions appear:
!--    The current timestep is only then changed, if the change relative to
!--    its previous value exceeds +5 % or -2 %. In case of a timestep
!--    reduction, at least 30 iterations have to be performed before a timestep
!--    enlargement is permitted again.
       percent_change = dt_3d / old_dt - 1.0
       IF ( percent_change > 0.05  .OR.  percent_change < -0.02  .OR. &
            timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' )  THEN

!
!--       Time step enlargement by no more than 2 %.
          IF ( percent_change > 0.0  .AND.  simulated_time /= 0.0  .AND. &
               timestep_scheme(1:5) /= 'runge' )  THEN
             dt_3d = 1.02 * old_dt
          ENDIF

!
!--       A relatively smooth value of the time step is ensured by taking
!--       only the first two significant digits.
          div = 1000.0
          DO  WHILE ( dt_3d < div )
             div = div / 10.0
          ENDDO
          dt_3d = NINT( dt_3d * 100.0 / div ) * div / 100.0

!
!--       Now the time step can be adjusted.
          IF ( percent_change < 0.0  .OR.  timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) &
          THEN
!
!--          Time step reduction.
             old_dt = dt_3d
             dt_changed = .TRUE.
          ELSE
!
!--          For other timestep schemes , the time step is only enlarged
!--          after at least 30 iterations since the previous time step
!--          change or, of course, after model initialization.
             IF ( current_timestep_number >= last_dt_change + 30  .OR. &
                  simulated_time == 0.0 )  THEN
                old_dt = dt_3d
                dt_changed = .TRUE.
             ELSE
                dt_3d = old_dt
                dt_changed = .FALSE.
             ENDIF

          ENDIF
       ELSE
!
!--       No time step change since the difference is too small.
          dt_3d = old_dt
          dt_changed = .FALSE.
       ENDIF

       IF ( dt_changed )  last_dt_change = current_timestep_number

    ENDIF

    CALL cpu_log( log_point(12), 'calculate_timestep', 'stop' )


 END SUBROUTINE timestep