!> @file timestep.f90 !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! This file is part of the PALM model system. ! ! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General ! Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or ! (at your option) any later version. ! ! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the ! implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General ! Public License for more details. ! ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with PALM. If not, see ! . ! ! Copyright 1997-2021 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! ! ! Current revisions: ! ----------------- ! ! ! Former revisions: ! ----------------- ! $Id: timestep.f90 4828 2021-01-05 11:21:41Z forkel $ ! Fixes and optimizations of OpenMP parallelization, formatting of OpenMP ! directives (J. Resler) ! ! 4564 2020-06-12 14:03:36Z raasch ! Vertical nesting method of Huq et al. (2019) removed ! ! 4540 2020-05-18 15:23:29Z raasch ! File re-formatted to follow the PALM coding standard ! ! 4444 2020-03-05 15:59:50Z raasch ! Bugfix: cpp-directives for serial mode added ! ! 4360 2020-01-07 11:25:50Z suehring ! Added missing OpenMP directives ! ! 4233 2019-09-20 09:55:54Z knoop ! OpenACC data update host removed ! ! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf ! Corrected "Former revisions" section ! ! 4101 2019-07-17 15:14:26Z gronemeier ! - Consider 2*Km within diffusion criterion as Km is considered twice within the diffusion of e, ! - in RANS mode, instead of considering each wind component individually use the wind speed of 3d ! wind vector in CFL criterion ! - Do not limit the increase of dt based on its previous value in RANS mode ! ! 3658 2019-01-07 20:28:54Z knoop ! OpenACC port for SPEC ! ! Revision 1.1 1997/08/11 06:26:19 raasch ! Initial revision ! ! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Compute the time step under consideration of the FCL and diffusion criterion. !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE timestep USE arrays_3d, & ONLY: dzu, & dzw, & kh, & km, & u, & u_stokes_zu, & v, & v_stokes_zu, & w USE control_parameters, & ONLY: cfl_factor, & dt_3d, & dt_fixed, & dt_max, & galilei_transformation, & message_string, & rans_mode, & stop_dt, & timestep_reason, & u_gtrans, & use_ug_for_galilei_tr, & v_gtrans #if defined( __parallel ) USE control_parameters, & ONLY: coupling_mode, & terminate_coupled, & terminate_coupled_remote #endif USE cpulog, & ONLY: cpu_log, & log_point USE grid_variables, & ONLY: dx, & dx2, & dy, & dy2 USE indices, & ONLY: nxl, & nxlg, & nxr, & nxrg, & nyn, & nyng, & nys, & nysg, & nzb, & nzt USE interfaces USE kinds USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, & ONLY: dt_precipitation USE pegrid USE pmc_interface, & ONLY: nested_run USE statistics, & ONLY: flow_statistics_called, & hom, & u_max, & u_max_ijk, & v_max, & v_max_ijk, & w_max, & w_max_ijk IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< INTEGER(iwp) :: km_max_ijk(3) = -1 !< index values (i,j,k) of location where km_max occurs INTEGER(iwp) :: kh_max_ijk(3) = -1 !< index values (i,j,k) of location where kh_max occurs LOGICAL :: stop_dt_local !< local switch for controlling the time stepping REAL(wp) :: div !< REAL(wp) :: dt_diff !< REAL(wp) :: dt_diff_l !< REAL(wp) :: dt_u !< REAL(wp) :: dt_u_l !< REAL(wp) :: dt_v !< REAL(wp) :: dt_v_l !< REAL(wp) :: dt_w !< REAL(wp) :: dt_w_l !< REAL(wp) :: km_max !< maximum of Km in entire domain REAL(wp) :: kh_max !< maximum of Kh in entire domain REAL(wp) :: u_gtrans_l !< REAL(wp) :: v_gtrans_l !< REAL(wp), DIMENSION(2) :: uv_gtrans_l !< #if defined( __parallel ) REAL(wp), DIMENSION(2) :: uv_gtrans !< REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: reduce !< REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: reduce_l !< #endif REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb+1:nzt) :: dxyz2_min !< !$ACC DECLARE CREATE(dxyz2_min) CALL cpu_log( log_point(12), 'calculate_timestep', 'start' ) ! !-- In case of Galilei-transform not using the geostrophic wind as translation velocity, compute the !-- volume-averaged horizontal velocity components, which will then be subtracted from the !-- horizontal wind for the time step and horizontal advection routines. IF ( galilei_transformation .AND. .NOT. use_ug_for_galilei_tr ) THEN IF ( flow_statistics_called ) THEN ! !-- Horizontal averages already existent, just need to average them vertically. u_gtrans = 0.0_wp v_gtrans = 0.0_wp DO k = nzb+1, nzt u_gtrans = u_gtrans + hom(k,1,1,0) v_gtrans = v_gtrans + hom(k,1,2,0) ENDDO u_gtrans = u_gtrans / REAL( nzt - nzb, KIND = wp ) v_gtrans = v_gtrans / REAL( nzt - nzb, KIND = wp ) ELSE ! !-- Averaging over the entire model domain. u_gtrans_l = 0.0_wp v_gtrans_l = 0.0_wp DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb+1, nzt u_gtrans_l = u_gtrans_l + u(k,j,i) v_gtrans_l = v_gtrans_l + v(k,j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO uv_gtrans_l(1) = u_gtrans_l / REAL( (nxr-nxl+1) * (nyn-nys+1) * (nzt-nzb), KIND = wp ) uv_gtrans_l(2) = v_gtrans_l / REAL( (nxr-nxl+1) * (nyn-nys+1) * (nzt-nzb), KIND = wp ) #if defined( __parallel ) IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( uv_gtrans_l, uv_gtrans, 2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr ) u_gtrans = uv_gtrans(1) / REAL( numprocs, KIND = wp ) v_gtrans = uv_gtrans(2) / REAL( numprocs, KIND = wp ) #else u_gtrans = uv_gtrans_l(1) v_gtrans = uv_gtrans_l(2) #endif ENDIF ENDIF ! !-- Determine the maxima of the velocity components, including their grid index positions. CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nysg, nyng, nxlg, nxrg, u, 'abs', 0.0_wp, u_max, u_max_ijk ) CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nysg, nyng, nxlg, nxrg, v, 'abs', 0.0_wp, v_max, v_max_ijk ) CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nysg, nyng, nxlg, nxrg, w, 'abs', 0.0_wp, w_max, w_max_ijk ) IF ( .NOT. dt_fixed ) THEN ! !-- Variable time step: !-- Calculate the maximum time step according to the CFL-criterion dt_u_l = 999999.9_wp dt_v_l = 999999.9_wp dt_w_l = 999999.9_wp IF ( .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN ! !-- Consider each velocity component individually !$ACC PARALLEL LOOP COLLAPSE(3) PRIVATE(i,j,k) & !$ACC COPY(dt_u_l, dt_v_l, dt_w_l, u_stokes_zu, v_stokes_zu) & !$ACC REDUCTION(MIN: dt_u_l, dt_v_l, dt_w_l) & !$ACC PRESENT(u, v, w, dzu) !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE(i,j,k) & !$OMP REDUCTION(MIN: dt_u_l, dt_v_l, dt_w_l) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb+1, nzt dt_u_l = MIN( dt_u_l, ( dx / ( ABS( u(k,j,i) - u_gtrans + u_stokes_zu(k) ) & + 1.0E-10_wp ) ) ) dt_v_l = MIN( dt_v_l, ( dy / ( ABS( v(k,j,i) - v_gtrans + v_stokes_zu(k) ) & + 1.0E-10_wp ) ) ) dt_w_l = MIN( dt_w_l, ( dzu(k) / ( ABS( w(k,j,i) ) + 1.0E-10_wp ) ) ) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ELSE ! !-- Consider the wind speed at the scalar-grid point !-- !> @note Considering the wind speed instead of each individual wind component is only a !-- !> workaround so far. This has to be changed in the future. !$ACC PARALLEL LOOP COLLAPSE(3) PRIVATE(i,j,k) & !$ACC COPY(dt_u_l, u_stokes_zu, v_stokes_zu) & !$ACC REDUCTION(MIN: dt_u_l) & !$ACC PRESENT(u, v, w, dzu) !$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE(i,j,k) & !$OMP REDUCTION(MIN: dt_u_l) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb+1, nzt dt_u_l = MIN( dt_u_l, ( MIN( dx, dy, dzu(k) ) / ( SQRT( & ( 0.5 * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) - u_gtrans + u_stokes_zu(k) )**2 & + ( 0.5 * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) - v_gtrans + v_stokes_zu(k) )**2 & + ( 0.5 * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 ) + 1.0E-10_wp ) ) ) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO dt_v_l = dt_u_l dt_w_l = dt_u_l ENDIF #if defined( __parallel ) reduce_l(1) = dt_u_l reduce_l(2) = dt_v_l reduce_l(3) = dt_w_l IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( reduce_l, reduce, 3, MPI_REAL, MPI_MIN, comm2d, ierr ) dt_u = reduce(1) dt_v = reduce(2) dt_w = reduce(3) #else dt_u = dt_u_l dt_v = dt_v_l dt_w = dt_w_l #endif ! !-- Compute time step according to the diffusion criterion. !-- First calculate minimum grid spacing which only depends on index k. When using the dynamic !-- subgrid model, negative km are possible. dt_diff_l = 999999.0_wp !$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRESENT(dxyz2_min, dzw) DO k = nzb+1, nzt dxyz2_min(k) = MIN( dx2, dy2, dzw(k) * dzw(k) ) * 0.125_wp ENDDO !$OMP PARALLEL DO private(i,j,k) reduction(MIN: dt_diff_l) !$ACC PARALLEL LOOP COLLAPSE(3) PRIVATE(i,j,k) & !$ACC COPY(dt_diff_l) REDUCTION(MIN: dt_diff_l) & !$ACC PRESENT(dxyz2_min, kh, km) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb+1, nzt dt_diff_l = MIN( dt_diff_l, dxyz2_min(k) / ( MAX( kh(k,j,i), 2.0_wp * & ABS( km(k,j,i) ) ) + 1E-20_wp ) ) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO #if defined( __parallel ) IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( dt_diff_l, dt_diff, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MIN, comm2d, ierr ) #else dt_diff = dt_diff_l #endif ! !-- The time step is the minimum of the 3-4 components and the diffusion time step minus a !-- reduction (cfl_factor) to be on the safe side. !-- The time step must not exceed the maximum allowed value. dt_3d = cfl_factor * MIN( dt_diff, dt_u, dt_v, dt_w, dt_precipitation ) dt_3d = MIN( dt_3d, dt_max ) ! !-- Remember the restricting time step criterion for later output. IF ( MIN( dt_u, dt_v, dt_w ) < dt_diff ) THEN timestep_reason = 'A' ELSE timestep_reason = 'D' ENDIF ! !-- Set flag if the time step becomes too small. IF ( dt_3d < ( 0.00001_wp * dt_max ) ) THEN stop_dt = .TRUE. ! !-- Determine the maxima of the diffusion coefficients, including their grid index positions. CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nysg, nyng, nxlg, nxrg, km, 'abs', 0.0_wp, km_max, & km_max_ijk ) CALL global_min_max( nzb, nzt+1, nysg, nyng, nxlg, nxrg, kh, 'abs', 0.0_wp, kh_max, & kh_max_ijk ) WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Time step has reached minimum limit.', & '&dt = ', dt_3d, ' s Simulation is terminated.', & '&dt_u = ', dt_u, ' s', & '&dt_v = ', dt_v, ' s', & '&dt_w = ', dt_w, ' s', & '&dt_diff = ', dt_diff, ' s', & '&u_max = ', u_max, ' m/s k=', u_max_ijk(1), & ' j=', u_max_ijk(2), ' i=', u_max_ijk(3), & '&v_max = ', v_max, ' m/s k=', v_max_ijk(1), & ' j=', v_max_ijk(2), ' i=', v_max_ijk(3), & '&w_max = ', w_max, ' m/s k=', w_max_ijk(1), & ' j=', w_max_ijk(2), ' i=', w_max_ijk(3), & '&km_max = ', km_max, ' m2/s2 k=', km_max_ijk(1), & ' j=', km_max_ijk(2), ' i=', km_max_ijk(3), & '&kh_max = ', kh_max, ' m2/s2 k=', kh_max_ijk(1), & ' j=', kh_max_ijk(2), ' i=', kh_max_ijk(3) CALL message( 'timestep', 'PA0312', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 ) ! !-- In case of coupled runs inform the remote model of the termination and its reason, !-- provided the remote model has not already been informed of another termination reason !-- (terminate_coupled > 0). #if defined( __parallel ) IF ( coupling_mode /= 'uncoupled' .AND. terminate_coupled == 0 ) THEN terminate_coupled = 2 IF ( myid == 0 ) THEN CALL MPI_SENDRECV( terminate_coupled, 1, MPI_INTEGER, target_id, 0, & terminate_coupled_remote, 1, MPI_INTEGER, target_id, 0, & comm_inter, status, ierr ) ENDIF CALL MPI_BCAST( terminate_coupled_remote, 1, MPI_INTEGER, 0, comm2d, ierr) ENDIF #endif ENDIF ! !-- In case of nested runs all parent/child processes have to terminate if one process has set !-- the stop flag, i.e. they need to set the stop flag too. IF ( nested_run ) THEN stop_dt_local = stop_dt #if defined( __parallel ) CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( stop_dt_local, stop_dt, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, MPI_COMM_WORLD, ierr ) #endif ENDIF ! !-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of the timestep. div = 1000.0_wp DO WHILE ( dt_3d < div ) div = div / 10.0_wp ENDDO dt_3d = NINT( dt_3d * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp ENDIF CALL cpu_log( log_point(12), 'calculate_timestep', 'stop' ) END SUBROUTINE timestep