!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! This file is part of the PALM model system. ! ! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General ! Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or ! (at your option) any later version. ! ! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the ! implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General ! Public License for more details. ! ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with PALM. If not, see ! . ! ! Copyright 1997-2020 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! ! ! Current revisions: ! ----------------- ! ! ! Former revisions: ! ----------------- ! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 4671 2020-09-09 20:27:58Z maronga $ ! Implementation of downward facing USM and LSM surfaces ! ! 4647 2020-08-24 16:36:18Z suehring ! Change default value of synthetic turbulence adjustment as well as compute_velocity_seeds_local ! By default, the random-seed computation is now distributed among several cores. Especially for ! large length scales this is significantly faster. ! ! 4640 2020-08-11 16:28:32Z suehring ! - to avoid that the correction term in r11/r22 computation becomes unrealistically high, limit ! Obukhov length (term is not valid for near neutral conditions) ! - to avoid unrealistically large perturbations, change computation of r21 so that this resembles ! the vertical transport of horizontal momentum ! ! 4629 2020-07-29 09:37:56Z raasch ! support for MPI Fortran77 interface (mpif.h) removed ! ! 4603 2020-07-14 16:08:30Z suehring ! Bugfix in initialization from ASCII file - x-length scales at the bottom boundary were not ! initialized properly ! ! 4566 2020-06-16 10:11:51Z suehring ! - revise parametrization for reynolds-stress components, turbulent length- and time scales ! - revise computation of velocity disturbances to be consistent to Xie and Castro (2008) ! - change default value of time interval to adjust turbulence parametrization ! - bugfix in computation of amplitude-tensor (vertical flux of horizontal momentum) ! ! 4562 2020-06-12 08:38:47Z raasch ! Parts of r4559 re-formatted ! ! 4559 2020-06-11 08:51:48Z raasch ! File re-formatted to follow the PALM coding standard ! ! 4535 2020-05-15 12:07:23Z raasch ! Bugfix for restart data format query ! ! 4495 2020-04-13 20:11:20Z raasch ! Restart data handling with MPI-IO added ! ! 4481 2020-03-31 18:55:54Z maronga ! Bugfix: cpp-directives for serial mode added, dummy statements to prevent compile errors added ! ! 4442 2020-03-04 19:21:13Z suehring ! Set back turbulent length scale to 8 x grid spacing in the parametrized mode ! (was accidantly changed). ! ! 4441 2020-03-04 19:20:35Z suehring ! Correct misplaced preprocessor directive ! ! 4438 2020-03-03 20:49:28Z suehring ! Performance optimizations in velocity-seed calculation: ! - Random number array is only defined and computed locally (except for normalization to zero mean ! and unit variance) ! - Parallel random number generator is applied independent on the 2D random numbers in other ! routines ! - Option to decide wheter velocity seeds are computed locally without any further communication ! or are computed by all processes along the communicator ! ! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi ! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static topography ! information used in wall_flags_static_0 ! ! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring ! Commentation of last commit ! ! 4332 2019-12-10 19:44:12Z suehring ! Limit initial velocity seeds in restart runs, if not the seed calculation may become unstable. ! Further, minor bugfix in initial velocity seed calculation. ! ! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi ! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0 ! ! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring ! Computation of velocity seeds optimized. This implies that random numbers are computed now using ! the parallel random number generator. Random numbers are now only computed and normalized locally, ! while distributed over all mpi ranks afterwards, instead of computing random numbers on a global ! array. ! Further, the number of calls for the time-consuming velocity-seed generation is reduced - now the ! left and right, as well as the north and south boundary share the same velocity-seed matrices. ! ! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf ! Corrected "Former revisions" section ! ! 4148 2019-08-08 11:26:00Z suehring ! Remove unused variable ! ! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch ! Relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc. ! ! 4071 2019-07-03 20:02:00Z suehring ! Bugfix, initialize mean_inflow_profiles in case turbulence and inflow information is not read from ! file. ! ! 4022 2019-06-12 11:52:39Z suehring ! Several bugfixes and improvements ! - Revise bias correction of the imposed perturbations (correction via volume flow can create ! instabilities in case the mean volume flow is close to zero) ! - Introduce lower limits in calculation of coefficient matrix, else the calculation may become ! numerically unstable ! - Impose perturbations every timestep, even though no new set of perturbations is generated in ! case dt_stg_call /= dt_3d ! - Implement a gradual decrease of Reynolds stress and length scales above ABL height (within 1 ! length scale above ABL depth to 1/10) rather than a discontinuous decrease ! - Bugfix in non-nested case: use ABL height for parametrized turbulence ! ! 3987 2019-05-22 09:52:13Z kanani ! Introduce alternative switch for debug output during timestepping ! ! 3938 2019-04-29 16:06:25Z suehring ! Remove unused variables ! ! 3937 2019-04-29 15:09:07Z suehring ! Minor bugfix in case of a very early restart where mc_factor is sill not present. ! Some modification and fixing of potential bugs in the calculation of scaling parameters used for ! synthetic turbulence parametrization. ! ! 3909 2019-04-17 09:13:25Z suehring ! Minor bugfix for last commit ! ! 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring ! Missing re-calculation of perturbation seeds in case of restarts ! ! 3891 2019-04-12 17:52:01Z suehring ! Bugfix in initialization in case of restart runs. ! ! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani ! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction of additional debug ! messages ! ! ! Removed unused variables ! ! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani ! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to log_point(2) ! 'initialization' already. Moved other log_points to calls of the subroutines in time_integration ! for better overview. ! ! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier ! Initial revision ! ! Authors: ! -------- ! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge ! ! ! Description: ! ------------ !> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by Xie and Castro (2008) !> utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux correction by Kim et al. (2013). !> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and a time scale for !> each velocity component. The profiles of length and time scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all !> components of the Reynolds stress tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be !> parametrized within the boundary layer. !> !> @todo Enable cyclic_fill !> Implement turbulence generation for e and pt !> @note !> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input must match with current !> PALM grid. !> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11, a22, or a33 are zero. !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod USE arrays_3d, & ONLY: dzw, & ddzw, & drho_air, & mean_inflow_profiles, & pt, & pt_init, & q, & q_init, & u, & u_init, & v, & v_init, & w, & zu, & zw USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, & ONLY: g, & kappa, & pi USE control_parameters, & ONLY: bc_lr, & bc_ns, & child_domain, & coupling_char, & debug_output_timestep, & dt_3d, & e_init, & humidity, & initializing_actions, & intermediate_timestep_count, & intermediate_timestep_count_max, & length, & message_string, & nesting_offline, & neutral, & num_mean_inflow_profiles, & random_generator, & rans_mode, & restart_data_format_output, & restart_string, & syn_turb_gen, & time_since_reference_point, & turbulent_inflow USE cpulog, & ONLY: cpu_log, & log_point_s USE grid_variables, & ONLY: ddx, & ddy, & dx, & dy USE indices, & ONLY: nbgp, & nz, & nzb, & nzt, & nx, & nxl, & nxlu, & nxr, & ny, & nys, & nysv, & nyn, & wall_flags_total_0 USE kinds #if defined( __parallel ) USE MPI #endif USE nesting_offl_mod, & ONLY: nesting_offl_calc_zi, & zi_ribulk USE pegrid, & ONLY: comm1dx, & comm1dy, & comm2d, & ierr, & myidx, & myidy, & pdims USE pmc_interface, & ONLY : rans_mode_parent USE random_generator_parallel, & ONLY: init_parallel_random_generator, & random_dummy, & random_number_parallel, & random_seed_parallel USE restart_data_mpi_io_mod, & ONLY: rrd_mpi_io, & wrd_mpi_io USE transpose_indices, & ONLY: nzb_x, & nzt_x USE surface_mod, & ONLY: surf_def_h, & surf_lsm_h, & surf_usm_h IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator INTEGER(iwp) :: k_zi !< vertical index of boundary-layer top INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_limit = 1000 !< maximum length scale (in gp) INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_x !< maximum length scale in x (in gp) INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_xy !< maximum horizontal length scale (in gp) INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_y !< maximum length scale in y (in gp) INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp_z !< maximum length scale in z (in gp) INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x) INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x) INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y) INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y) #if defined( __parallel ) INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range #endif INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_xz = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at xz cross-sections, !< required for bias correction of imposed perturbations INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_yz = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at yz cross-sections, !< required for bias correction of imposed perturbations #if defined( __parallel ) INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV #endif INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp) INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp) INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp) INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp) INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp) INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp) INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp) INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp) INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp) INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: id_rand_xz !< initial random IDs at xz inflow boundary INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: id_rand_yz !< initial random IDs at yz inflow boundary INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: seq_rand_xz !< initial random seeds at xz inflow boundary INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: seq_rand_yz !< initial random seeds at yz inflow boundary LOGICAL :: adjustment_step = .FALSE. !< control flag indicating that time and lenght scales have been updated and !< no time correlation to the timestep before should be considered LOGICAL :: compute_velocity_seeds_local = .FALSE. !< switch to decide whether velocity seeds are computed locally !< or if computation is distributed over several processes LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file !< (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main REAL(wp) :: blend !< value to create gradually and smooth blending of Reynolds stress and length !< scales above the boundary layer REAL(wp) :: blend_coeff = -9.3_wp !< coefficient used to ensure that blending functions decreases to 1/10 after !< one length scale above ABL top REAL(wp) :: d_l !< blend_coeff/length_scale REAL(wp) :: d_nxy !< inverse of the total number of xy-grid points REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 1800.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: mc_factor = 1.0_wp !< correction factor for the u,v,w-components to maintain original mass flux REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< disturbances for parallel/crosswind/vertical component at north/south boundary REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< disturbances for parallel/crosswind/vertical component at north/south boundary ! !-- PALM interfaces: !-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions INTERFACE stg_adjust MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust END INTERFACE stg_adjust ! !-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters INTERFACE stg_check_parameters MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters ! !-- Calculate filter functions INTERFACE stg_filter_func MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func END INTERFACE stg_filter_func ! !-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz ! !-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz ! !-- Output of information to the header file INTERFACE stg_header MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header END INTERFACE stg_header ! !-- Initialization actions INTERFACE stg_init MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init END INTERFACE stg_init ! !-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen. INTERFACE stg_main MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main END INTERFACE stg_main ! !-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters INTERFACE stg_parin MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin END INTERFACE stg_parin ! !-- Reading of parameters for restart runs INTERFACE stg_rrd_global MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global_ftn MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global_mpi END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global ! !-- Writing of binary output for restart runs INTERFACE stg_wrd_global MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global SAVE PRIVATE ! !-- Public interfaces PUBLIC stg_adjust, & stg_check_parameters, & stg_header, & stg_init, & stg_main, & stg_parin, & stg_rrd_global, & stg_wrd_global ! !-- Public variables PUBLIC dt_stg_call, & dt_stg_adjust, & id_stg_left, & id_stg_north, & id_stg_right, & id_stg_south, & parametrize_inflow_turbulence, & time_stg_adjust, & time_stg_call, & use_syn_turb_gen CONTAINS !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. & nesting_offline ) THEN message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // & 'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates in LES mode.' CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain & .AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required when nesting is applied ' // & 'and parent operates in RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.' CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. .NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.' CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. rans_mode_parent ) THEN message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.' CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 & .AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator requires ' // & '%initializing_actions = "set_constant_profiles" or ' // & ' "read_restart_data", if not offline nesting is applied.' CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator requires &bc_lr = ' // & ' "dirichlet/radiation", if not offline nesting is applied.' CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator requires &bc_ns = ' // & ' "cyclic", if not offline nesting is applied.' CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF ENDIF IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator in combination ' // & '&with turbulent_inflow = .T. is not allowed' CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF ! !-- Synthetic turbulence generator requires the parallel random generator IF ( random_generator /= 'random-parallel' ) THEN message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator requires random_generator = ' // & 'random-parallel.' CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0421', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF ENDIF END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io ) INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file ! !-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header WRITE( io, 1 ) IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN WRITE( io, 2 ) ELSE WRITE( io, 3 ) ENDIF IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust ELSE WRITE( io, 5 ) ENDIF 1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ & ' ------------------------------------------'/) 2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on') 3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off') 4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' ) 5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' ) END SUBROUTINE stg_header !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE stg_init #if defined( __parallel ) INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob = 0 !< dummy variable #endif INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index #if defined( __parallel ) INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables #endif INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_xz_l = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at xz-cross-section on subdomain INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_yz_l = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at yz-cross-section on subdomain LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist ! !-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction #if defined( __parallel ) REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction #endif REAL(wp) :: zz !< height #if defined( __parallel ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) #endif ! !-- Create mpi-datatypes for exchange in case of non-local but distributed computation of the !-- velocity seeds. This option is useful in case large turbulent length scales are present, where !-- the computational effort becomes large and needs to be parallelized. For parameterized turbulence !-- the length scales are small and computing the velocity seeds locally is faster (no overhead by !-- communication). IF ( .NOT. compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN #if defined( __parallel ) ! !-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction nnz = nz / pdims(1) nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz ) nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz ) IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) & nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) ) IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent & .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN nnz = nz / pdims(2) nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz ) nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz ) IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) & nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) ) ENDIF ! !-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted velocity seeds CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr ) extent = 1 * realsize ! !-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz layer !-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1 CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyn-nys+1], & [1,nyn-nys+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr ) CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr ) CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr ) CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr ) ! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1 CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyn-nys+1], & [1,nyn-nys+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr ) CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr ) CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr ) CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr ) ! Receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) ) recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1 recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1 DO j = 1, pdims(1) displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1) ENDDO ! !-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz layer !-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1 IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent & .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxr-nxl+1], & [1,nxr-nxl+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr ) CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr ) CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr ) CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr ) ! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1 CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxr-nxl+1], & [1,nxr-nxl+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr ) CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr ) CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr ) CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr ) ! Receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) ) recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1 recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1 DO j = 1, pdims(2) displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1) ENDDO ENDIF #endif ENDIF ! !-- Allocate required arrays. !-- In case no offline nesting or self nesting is used, the arrary mean_inflow profiles is required. !-- Check if it is already allocated, else allocate and initialize it appropriately. Note, in case !-- turbulence and inflow information is read from file, mean_inflow_profiles is already allocated !-- and initialized appropriately. IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) ) mean_inflow_profiles = 0.0_wp mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = u_init mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = v_init ! !-- Even though potential temperature and humidity are not perturbed, they need to be !-- initialized appropriately. IF ( .NOT. neutral ) & mean_inflow_profiles(:,4) = pt_init IF ( humidity ) & mean_inflow_profiles(:,6) = q_init ENDIF ENDIF ! !-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent inflow from the left is !-- desired, not in case of any of the nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches. IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) ) ENDIF ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), & a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), & nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), & nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), & nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), & r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), & r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), & tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) ) r11 = 0.0_wp r21 = 0.0_wp r22 = 0.0_wp r31 = 0.0_wp r32 = 0.0_wp r33 = 0.0_wp tu = 0.0_wp tv = 0.0_wp tw = 0.0_wp ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr,3) ) ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn,3) ) dist_xz = 0.0_wp dist_yz = 0.0_wp ! !-- Read inflow profile !-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows: !-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5 zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3 !-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), EXIST = file_stg_exist ) IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN OPEN( 90, FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS = 'OLD', FORM = 'FORMATTED' ) ! !-- Skip header READ( 90, * ) DO k = nzb, nzt READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), r11(k), r21(k), & r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), d1, d2, d3, d5 ! !-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points. IF ( k /= nzb ) THEN nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) ) nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) ) nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) ) ELSE nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k+1) ) nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k+1) ) nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k+1) ) ENDIF nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy ) nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy ) nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy ) ! !-- Set length scales in x-direction. As a workaround assume isotropic turbulence in x- and !-- y-direction. nwx(k) = nwy(k) nvx(k) = nvy(k) nux(k) = nuy(k) ! !-- Save Mean inflow profiles IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1 mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2 ! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4 mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5 ENDIF ENDDO ! !-- Set length scales at the surface and top boundary. At the surface the lengths scales are !-- simply overwritten. nwx(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1) nvx(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1) nux(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1) nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1) nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1) nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1) nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1) nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1) nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1) nwx(nzt+1) = nwy(nzt) nvx(nzt+1) = nvy(nzt) nux(nzt+1) = nuy(nzt) nuy(nzt+1) = nuy(nzt) nuz(nzt+1) = nuz(nzt) nvy(nzt+1) = nvy(nzt) nvz(nzt+1) = nvz(nzt) nwy(nzt+1) = nwy(nzt) nwz(nzt+1) = nwz(nzt) CLOSE( 90 ) ! !-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor (Lund rotation) CALL calc_coeff_matrix ! !-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available. Instead, parametrize !-- turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries. Set flag which indicates that turbulence is !-- parametrized, which is done later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is !-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as roughness to build !-- 'realistic' turbulence profiles. ELSE ! !-- Precalulate the inversion number of xy-grid points - later used for mass conservation d_nxy = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp ) ! !-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE. ! !-- In case of dirichlet inflow boundary conditions only at one lateral boundary, i.e. in the !-- case no offline or self nesting is applied but synthetic turbulence shall be parametrized !-- nevertheless, the boundary-layer depth needs to be determined first. IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) & CALL nesting_offl_calc_zi ! !-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght scales CALL calc_scaling_variables ! !-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), !-- r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth, !-- friction velocity and velocity scale. CALL parametrize_turbulence ! !-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor (Lund rotation) CALL calc_coeff_matrix ENDIF ! !-- Initial filter functions CALL stg_setup_filter_function ! !-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer ALLOCATE ( fu_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), & fv_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), & fw_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) ) ! !-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer ALLOCATE ( fu_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), & fv_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), & fw_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn) ) fu_xz = 0.0_wp fuo_xz = 0.0_wp fv_xz = 0.0_wp fvo_xz = 0.0_wp fw_xz = 0.0_wp fwo_xz = 0.0_wp fu_yz = 0.0_wp fuo_yz = 0.0_wp fv_yz = 0.0_wp fvo_yz = 0.0_wp fw_yz = 0.0_wp fwo_yz = 0.0_wp #if defined( __parallel ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) #endif ! !-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former time step. ! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33 are 0 compared to the prerun. !-- This is mostly for k=nzt+1. IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1 IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1 DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb, nzt+1 IF ( a11(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) - u_init(k) ) / a11(k) ELSE fu_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp ENDIF IF ( a22(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) - a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - v_init(k) ) / a22(k) ELSE fv_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp ENDIF IF ( a33(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) - a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k) ELSE fw_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp ENDIF ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = -1 IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1 DO i = nxl, nxr DO k = nzb, nzt+1 ! !-- In case the correlation coefficients are very small, the velocity seeds may become !-- very large finally creating numerical instabilities in the synthetic turbulence !-- generator. Empirically, a value of 10E-8 seems to be sufficient. IF ( a11(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN fu_xz(k,i) = ( u(k,j,i) - u_init(k) ) / a11(k) ELSE fu_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp ENDIF IF ( a22(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN fv_xz(k,i) = ( v(k,j,i) - a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - v_init(k) ) / a22(k) ELSE fv_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp ENDIF IF ( a33(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN fw_xz(k,i) = ( w(k,j,i) - a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) / a33(k) ELSE fw_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp ENDIF ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF ENDIF ! !-- Count the number of non-topography grid points at the boundaries where perturbations are imposed. !-- This number is later used for bias corrections of the perturbations, i.e. to force their mean to !-- be zero. Please note, due to the asymetry of u and v along x and y direction, respectively, !-- different cases must be distinguished. IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN ! !-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on u IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1 nr_non_topo_yz_l(1) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) ) ) ! !-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on v and w IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1 IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1 nr_non_topo_yz_l(2) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,i), 2 ) ) ) nr_non_topo_yz_l(3) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) ) ) #if defined( __parallel ) CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( nr_non_topo_yz_l, nr_non_topo_yz, 3, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr ) #else nr_non_topo_yz = nr_non_topo_yz_l #endif ENDIF IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN ! !-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on v IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1 nr_non_topo_xz_l(2) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) ) ) ! !-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on u and w IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1 IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1 nr_non_topo_xz_l(1) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxlu:nxr), 1 ) ) ) nr_non_topo_xz_l(3) = SUM( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) ) ) #if defined( __parallel ) CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( nr_non_topo_xz_l, nr_non_topo_xz, 3, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr ) #else nr_non_topo_xz = nr_non_topo_xz_l #endif ENDIF ! !-- Initialize random number generator at xz- and yz-layers. Random numbers are initialized at each !-- core. In case there is only inflow from the left, it is sufficient to generate only random !-- numbers for the yz-layer, else random numbers for the xz-layer are also required. ALLOCATE ( id_rand_yz(-mergp_limit+nys:nyn+mergp_limit) ) ALLOCATE ( seq_rand_yz(5,-mergp_limit+nys:nyn+mergp_limit) ) id_rand_yz = 0 seq_rand_yz = 0 CALL init_parallel_random_generator( ny, -mergp_limit+nys, nyn+mergp_limit, id_rand_yz, seq_rand_yz ) IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent & .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN ALLOCATE ( id_rand_xz(-mergp_limit+nxl:nxr+mergp_limit) ) ALLOCATE ( seq_rand_xz(5,-mergp_limit+nxl:nxr+mergp_limit) ) id_rand_xz = 0 seq_rand_xz = 0 CALL init_parallel_random_generator( nx, -mergp_limit+nxl, nxr+mergp_limit, id_rand_xz, seq_rand_xz ) ENDIF END SUBROUTINE stg_init !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10 (Xie and Castro, 2008) !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx, mergp ) INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< passed length scale in grid points INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: nxx !< length scale (in gp) REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) :: bxx !< filter function bxx = 0.0_wp DO k = nzb, nzt+1 bdenom = 0.0_wp n_k = nxx(k) IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN ! !-- ( Eq.10 )^2 DO nf = -n_k, n_k bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS( nf ) / n_k )**2 ENDDO ! !-- ( Eq.9 ) bdenom = SQRT( bdenom ) DO nf = -n_k, n_k bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS( nf ) / n_k ) / bdenom ENDDO ENDIF ENDDO END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10 !> (Xie and Castro, 2008) !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE stg_setup_filter_function INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< dummy value to calculate maximum length scale index INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index along vertical direction ! !-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them. mergp_x = 0 mergp_y = 0 mergp_z = 0 DO k = nzb, nzt+1 j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nwx(k)) ) IF ( j > mergp_x ) mergp_x = j ENDDO DO k = nzb, nzt+1 j = MAX( ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nwy(k)) ) IF ( j > mergp_y ) mergp_y = j ENDDO DO k = nzb, nzt+1 j = MAX( ABS(nuz(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) ) IF ( j > mergp_z ) mergp_z = j ENDDO mergp_xy = MAX( mergp_x, mergp_y ) IF ( ALLOCATED( bux ) ) DEALLOCATE( bux ) IF ( ALLOCATED( bvx ) ) DEALLOCATE( bvx ) IF ( ALLOCATED( bwx ) ) DEALLOCATE( bwx ) IF ( ALLOCATED( buy ) ) DEALLOCATE( buy ) IF ( ALLOCATED( bvy ) ) DEALLOCATE( bvy ) IF ( ALLOCATED( bwy ) ) DEALLOCATE( bwy ) IF ( ALLOCATED( buz ) ) DEALLOCATE( buz ) IF ( ALLOCATED( bvz ) ) DEALLOCATE( bvz ) IF ( ALLOCATED( bwz ) ) DEALLOCATE( bwz ) ALLOCATE ( bux(-mergp_x:mergp_x,nzb:nzt+1), & buy(-mergp_y:mergp_y,nzb:nzt+1), & buz(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1), & bvx(-mergp_x:mergp_x,nzb:nzt+1), & bvy(-mergp_y:mergp_y,nzb:nzt+1), & bvz(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1), & bwx(-mergp_x:mergp_x,nzb:nzt+1), & bwy(-mergp_y:mergp_y,nzb:nzt+1), & bwz(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1) ) ! !-- Create filter functions CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux, mergp_x ) !filter ux CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy, mergp_y ) !filter uy CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz, mergp_z ) !filter uz CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx, mergp_x ) !filter vx CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy, mergp_y ) !filter vy CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz, mergp_z ) !filter vz CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx, mergp_x ) !filter wx CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy, mergp_y ) !filter wy CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz, mergp_z ) !filter wz END SUBROUTINE stg_setup_filter_function !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE stg_parin CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, & dt_stg_call, & use_syn_turb_gen, & compute_velocity_seeds_local line = ' ' ! !-- Try to find stg package REWIND ( 11 ) line = ' ' DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 ) READ ( 11, '(A)', END = 20 ) line ENDDO BACKSPACE ( 11 ) ! !-- Read namelist READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 ) ! !-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched on syn_turb_gen = .TRUE. GOTO 20 10 BACKSPACE( 11 ) READ( 11 , '(A)') line CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line ) 20 CONTINUE END SUBROUTINE stg_parin !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Read module-specific global restart data (Fortran binary format). !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_ftn( found ) LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found found = .TRUE. SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) ) CASE ( 'time_stg_adjust' ) READ ( 13 ) time_stg_adjust CASE ( 'time_stg_call' ) READ ( 13 ) time_stg_call CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' ) READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen CASE DEFAULT found = .FALSE. END SELECT END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_ftn !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Read module-specific global restart data (MPI-IO). !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_mpi CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_adjust', time_stg_adjust ) CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_call', time_stg_call ) CALL rrd_mpi_io( 'use_syn_turb_gen', use_syn_turb_gen ) END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global_mpi !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> This routine writes the respective restart data. !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global IF ( TRIM( restart_data_format_output ) == 'fortran_binary' ) THEN CALL wrd_write_string( 'time_stg_adjust' ) WRITE ( 14 ) time_stg_adjust CALL wrd_write_string( 'time_stg_call' ) WRITE ( 14 ) time_stg_call CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' ) WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen ELSEIF ( restart_data_format_output(1:3) == 'mpi' ) THEN CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_adjust', time_stg_adjust ) CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'time_stg_call', time_stg_call ) CALL wrd_mpi_io( 'use_syn_turb_gen', use_syn_turb_gen ) ENDIF END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and Reynolds stress !> tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified following suggestions of Kim et al. !> (2013), and using a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998). !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE stg_main USE exchange_horiz_mod, & ONLY: exchange_horiz INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction LOGICAL :: stg_call = .FALSE. !< control flag indicating whether turbulence was updated or only restored from last call REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< time interval the STG is called REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'start' ) ! !-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call ) ! !-- Check if synthetic turbulence generator needs to be called and new perturbations need to be !-- created or if old disturbances can be imposed again. IF ( time_stg_call >= dt_stg_call .AND. & intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN stg_call = .TRUE. ELSE stg_call = .FALSE. ENDIF ! !-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN ! !-- Generate turbulence at the left and right boundary. Random numbers for the yz-planes at the !-- left/right boundary are generated by the left-sided mpi ranks only. After random numbers are !-- calculated, they are distributed to all other mpi ranks in the model, so that the velocity !-- seed matrices are available on all mpi ranks (i.e. also on the right-sided boundary mpi ranks). !-- In case of offline nesting, this implies, that the left- and the right-sided lateral boundary !-- have the same initial seeds. !-- Note, in case of inflow from the right only, only turbulence at the left boundary is required. IF ( .NOT. ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent & .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) ) THEN CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left ) CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left ) CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left ) ELSE CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right ) CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right ) CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right ) ! !-- Generate turbulence at the south and north boundary. Random numbers for the xz-planes at !-- the south/north boundary are generated by the south-sided mpi ranks only. Please see also !-- comment above. CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north ) CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north ) CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north ) ENDIF velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE. ENDIF ! !-- New set of fu, fv, fw. Note, for inflow from the left side only, velocity seeds are only !-- required at the left boundary, while in case of offline nesting or RANS-LES nesting velocity !-- seeds are required also at the right, south and north boundaries. IF ( stg_call ) THEN IF ( .NOT. ( nesting_offline .OR. & ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent & .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) ) THEN CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left ) CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left ) CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left ) ELSE CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right ) CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right ) CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left, id_stg_right ) CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north ) CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north ) CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, id_stg_south, id_stg_north ) ENDIF ENDIF ! !-- Turbulence generation at left and/or right boundary IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN ! !-- Calculate new set of perturbations. Do this only at last RK3-substep and when dt_stg_call is !-- exceeded. Else the old set of perturbations is imposed IF ( stg_call ) THEN DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb, nzt + 1 ! !-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008) IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j) ELSE fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + & fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) ) ENDIF IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j) ELSE fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + & fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) ) ENDIF IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j) ELSE fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + & fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) ) ENDIF ENDDO ENDDO dist_yz(nzb,:,1) = 0.0_wp dist_yz(nzb,:,2) = 0.0_wp dist_yz(nzb,:,3) = 0.0_wp IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1 DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1 ! !-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008). dist_yz(k,j,1) = a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) ) ENDDO ENDDO IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1 IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1 DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1 ! !-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008). !-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w experimental test !-- of 1.2 dist_yz(k,j,2) = ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) + a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) ) dist_yz(k,j,3) = ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) + a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) + & a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) ) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF ! !-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013) !-- This correction factor ensures that the mass flux is preserved at the inflow boundary. First, !-- calculate mean value of the imposed perturbations at yz boundary. Note, this needs to be done !-- only after the last RK3-substep, else the boundary values won't be accessed. IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp mc_factor = 0.0_wp ! !-- Sum up the original volume flows (with and without perturbations). !-- Note, for non-normal components (here v and w) it is actually no volume flow. IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1 mc_factor_l(1) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,1) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) ) ) IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1 IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1 mc_factor_l(2) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,2) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,i), 2 ) ) ) mc_factor_l(3) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,3) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) ) ) #if defined( __parallel ) CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 3, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr ) #else mc_factor = mc_factor_l #endif ! !-- Calculate correction factor and force zero mean perturbations. mc_factor = mc_factor / REAL( nr_non_topo_yz, KIND = wp ) IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1 dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,1) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,1) - mc_factor(1) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) ) IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1 IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1 dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,2) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,2) - mc_factor(2) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 2 ) ) dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,3) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,3) - mc_factor(3) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) ) ! !-- Add disturbances IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN ! !-- For the left boundary distinguish between mesoscale offline / self nesting and !-- turbulent inflow at the left boundary only. In the latter case turbulence is imposed on !-- the mean inflow profiles. IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN ! !-- Add disturbance at the inflow DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb, nzt+1 u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,0), 1 ) ) v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) ) w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) ) ENDDO ENDDO ELSE DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb+1, nzt u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,0), 1 ) ) u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0) v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) ) w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) ) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF ENDIF IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb+1, nzt u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) ) v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) ) w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) ) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ! !-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN ! !-- Calculate new set of perturbations. Do this only at last RK3-substep and when dt_stg_call is !-- exceeded. Else the old set of perturbations is imposed IF ( stg_call ) THEN DO i = nxl, nxr DO k = nzb, nzt + 1 ! !-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008) IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i) ELSE fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + & fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) ) ENDIF IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i) ELSE fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + & fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) ) ENDIF IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp .OR. adjustment_step ) THEN fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i) ELSE fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + & fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) ) ENDIF ENDDO ENDDO dist_xz(nzb,:,1) = 0.0_wp dist_xz(nzb,:,2) = 0.0_wp dist_xz(nzb,:,3) = 0.0_wp IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1 DO i = nxl, nxr DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1 ! !-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008). !-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w !experimental test of 1.2 dist_xz(k,i,2) = ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) + a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) ) ENDDO ENDDO IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1 IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1 DO i = nxl, nxr DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1 ! !-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008). !-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w dist_xz(k,i,1) = a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) ) dist_xz(k,i,3) = ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) + a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) + & a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) ) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF ! !-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013). This correction factor ensures that the !-- mass flux is preserved at the inflow boundary. First, calculate mean value of the imposed !-- perturbations at yz boundary. Note, this needs to be done only after the last RK3-substep, !-- else the boundary values won't be accessed. IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp mc_factor = 0.0_wp IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1 mc_factor_l(2) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxl:nxr,2) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) ) ) IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1 IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1 mc_factor_l(1) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxlu:nxr,1) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxlu:nxr), 1 ) ) ) mc_factor_l(3) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxl:nxr,3) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) ) ) #if defined( __parallel ) CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, 3, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr ) #else mc_factor = mc_factor_l #endif mc_factor = mc_factor / REAL( nr_non_topo_xz, KIND = wp ) IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1 dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,2) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,2) - mc_factor(2) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) ) IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1 IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1 dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,1) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,1) - mc_factor(1) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 1 ) ) dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,3) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,3) - mc_factor(3) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) ) ! !-- Add disturbances IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN DO i = nxl, nxr DO k = nzb+1, nzt u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) & * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) ) v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) & * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,0,i), 2 ) ) v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i) w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) & * MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) ) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN DO i = nxl, nxr DO k = nzb+1, nzt u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) ) v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) ) w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) * & MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) ) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ! !-- Exchange ghost points. CALL exchange_horiz( u, nbgp ) CALL exchange_horiz( v, nbgp ) CALL exchange_horiz( w, nbgp ) ! !-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero IF ( stg_call ) time_stg_call = 0.0_wp ! !-- Set adjustment step to False to indicate that time correlation can be !-- switched-on again. adjustment_step = .FALSE. IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'end' ) END SUBROUTINE stg_main !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE and calculate the velocity seed !> f_n. f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and each PE !> calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all parts are collected to form the full !> array. !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id_left, id_right ) INTEGER(iwp) :: id_left !< core ids at respective boundaries INTEGER(iwp), OPTIONAL :: id_right !< core ids at respective boundaries INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp_y:mergp_y,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nys:nyn) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn) :: f_n !< velocity seed REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< global array of random numbers ! !-- Generate random numbers using the parallel random generator. The set of random numbers are !-- modified to have an average of 0 and unit variance. Note, at the end the random number array !-- must be defined globally in order to compute the correlation matrices. However, the calculation !-- and normalization of random numbers is done locally, while the result is later distributed to !-- all processes. Further, please note, a set of random numbers is only calculated for the west !-- boundary, while the east boundary uses the same random numbers and thus also computes the same !-- correlation matrix. ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp_z:nzt+1+mergp_z,-mergp_y+nys:nyn+mergp_y) ) rand_it = 0.0_wp rand_av = 0.0_wp rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt + 1 + mergp_z - ( nzb - mergp_z ) + 1 ) & * ( ny + mergp_y - ( 0 - mergp_y ) + 1 ), KIND = wp ) ! !-- Compute and normalize random numbers. DO j = nys - mergp_y, nyn + mergp_y ! !-- Put the random seeds at grid point j CALL random_seed_parallel( put=seq_rand_yz(:,j) ) DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z CALL random_number_parallel( random_dummy ) rand_it(k,j) = random_dummy ENDDO ! !-- Get the new random seeds from last call at grid point j CALL random_seed_parallel( get=seq_rand_yz(:,j) ) ENDDO ! !-- For normalization to zero mean, sum-up the global random numers. To normalize the global set of !-- random numbers, the inner ghost layers mergp must not be summed-up, else the random numbers on !-- the ghost layers will be stronger weighted as they also occur on the inner subdomains. DO j = MERGE( nys, nys - mergp_y, nys /= 0 ), MERGE( nyn, nyn + mergp_y, nyn /= ny ) DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j) ENDDO ENDDO #if defined( __parallel ) ! !-- Sum-up the local averages of the random numbers CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_av, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr ) #endif rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv ! !-- Obtain zero mean rand_it= rand_it - rand_av ! !-- Now, compute the variance DO j = MERGE( nys, nys - mergp_y, nys /= 0 ), MERGE( nyn, nyn + mergp_y, nyn /= ny ) DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j)**2 ENDDO ENDDO #if defined( __parallel ) ! !-- Sum-up the local quadratic averages of the random numbers CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_sigma_inv, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr ) #endif ! !-- Compute standard deviation IF ( rand_sigma_inv /= 0.0_wp ) THEN rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT( rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv ) ELSE rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp ENDIF ! !-- Normalize with standard deviation to obtain unit variance rand_it = rand_it * rand_sigma_inv CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'start' ) ! !-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008). There are two options. In the !-- first one, the computation of the seeds is distributed to all processes along the communicator !-- comm1dy and gathered on the leftmost and, if necessary, on the rightmost process. For huge !-- length scales the computational effort can become quite huge (it scales with the turbulent !-- length scales), so that gain by parallelization exceeds the costs by the subsequent !-- communication. In the second option, which performs better when the turbulent length scales !-- are parametrized and thus the loops are smaller, the seeds are computed locally and no !-- communication is necessary. IF ( compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN f_n = 0.0_wp DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb, nzt+1 DO jj = -n_y(k), n_y(k) DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k) f_n(k,j) = f_n(k,j) + b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ELSE f_n_l = 0.0_wp DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1 DO jj = -n_y(k), n_y(k) DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k) f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) + b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ! !-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1 IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1 #if defined( __parallel ) ! !-- Gather the velocity seed matrix on left boundary mpi ranks. CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nys), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, f_n(nzb+1,nys), & recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, id_left, comm1dx, ierr ) ! !-- If required, gather the same velocity seed matrix on right boundary mpi ranks (in offline !-- nesting for example). IF ( PRESENT( id_right ) ) THEN CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nys), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, f_n(nzb+1,nys), & recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz, id_right, comm1dx, ierr ) ENDIF #else f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nys:nyn) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nys:nyn) ! !-- Next line required to avoid compile errors because of unused dummy arguments IF ( id_left == 0 ) id_right = 0 #endif ENDIF DEALLOCATE( rand_it ) CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'stop' ) END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE and calculate the velocity seed !> f_n. !> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and and each PE !> calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all parts are collected to form the !> full array. !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id_south, id_north ) INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: id_north !< core ids at respective boundaries INTEGER(iwp) :: id_south !< core ids at respective boundaries INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp_x:mergp_x,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp_z:mergp_z,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxl:nxr) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) :: f_n !< velocity seed REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< global array of random numbers ! !-- Generate random numbers using the parallel random generator. The set of random numbers are !-- modified to have an average of 0 and unit variance. Note, at the end the random number array !-- must be defined globally in order to compute the correlation matrices. However, the calculation !-- and normalization of random numbers is done locally, while the result is later distributed to !-- all processes. Further, please note, a set of random numbers is only calculated for the south !-- boundary, while the north boundary uses the same random numbers and thus also computes the same !-- correlation matrix. ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp_z:nzt+1+mergp_z,-mergp_x+nxl:nxr+mergp_x) ) rand_it = 0.0_wp rand_av = 0.0_wp rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt + 1 + mergp_z - ( nzb - mergp_z ) + 1 ) & * ( nx + mergp_x - ( 0 - mergp_x ) +1 ), KIND = wp ) ! !-- Compute and normalize random numbers. DO i = nxl - mergp_x, nxr + mergp_x ! !-- Put the random seeds at grid point ii CALL random_seed_parallel( put=seq_rand_xz(:,i) ) DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z CALL random_number_parallel( random_dummy ) rand_it(k,i) = random_dummy ENDDO ! !-- Get the new random seeds from last call at grid point ii CALL random_seed_parallel( get=seq_rand_xz(:,i) ) ENDDO ! !-- For normalization to zero mean, sum-up the global random numers. !-- To normalize the global set of random numbers, the inner ghost layers mergp must not be !-- summed-up, else the random numbers on the ghost layers will be stronger weighted as they !-- also occur on the inner subdomains. DO i = MERGE( nxl, nxl - mergp_x, nxl /= 0 ), MERGE( nxr, nxr + mergp_x, nxr /= nx ) DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i) ENDDO ENDDO #if defined( __parallel ) ! !-- Sum-up the local averages of the random numbers CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_av, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr ) #endif rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv ! !-- Obtain zero mean rand_it= rand_it - rand_av ! !-- Now, compute the variance DO i = MERGE( nxl, nxl - mergp_x, nxl /= 0 ), MERGE( nxr, nxr + mergp_x, nxr /= nx ) DO k = nzb - mergp_z, nzt + 1 + mergp_z rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i)**2 ENDDO ENDDO #if defined( __parallel ) ! !-- Sum-up the local quadratic averages of the random numbers CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_sigma_inv, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr ) #endif ! !-- Compute standard deviation IF ( rand_sigma_inv /= 0.0_wp ) THEN rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT( rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv ) ELSE rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp ENDIF ! !-- Normalize with standard deviation to obtain unit variance rand_it = rand_it * rand_sigma_inv CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'start' ) ! !-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008). There are two options. In the !-- first one, the computation of the seeds is distributed to all processes along the communicator !-- comm1dx and gathered on the southmost and, if necessary, on the northmost process. For huge !-- length scales the computational effort can become quite huge (it scales with the turbulent !-- length scales), so that gain by parallelization exceeds the costs by the subsequent communication. !-- In the second option, which performs better when the turbulent length scales are parametrized !-- and thus the loops are smaller, the seeds are computed locally and no communication is necessary. IF ( compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN f_n = 0.0_wp DO i = nxl, nxr DO k = nzb, nzt+1 DO ii = -n_x(k), n_x(k) DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k) f_n(k,i) = f_n(k,i) + b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ELSE f_n_l = 0.0_wp DO i = nxl, nxr DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1 DO ii = -n_x(k), n_x(k) DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k) f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) + b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ! !-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1 IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1 #if defined( __parallel ) ! !-- Gather the processed velocity seed on south boundary mpi ranks. CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxl), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, f_n(nzb+1,nxl), & recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, id_south, comm1dy, ierr ) ! !-- Gather the processed velocity seed on north boundary mpi ranks. CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxl), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, f_n(nzb+1,nxl), & recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, id_north, comm1dy, ierr ) #else f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxl:nxr) ! !-- Next line required to avoid compile errors because of unused dummy arguments IF ( id_north == 0 ) id_south = 0 #endif ENDIF DEALLOCATE( rand_it ) CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'stop' ) END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Parametrization of the Reynolds-stress componentes, turbulent length- and time scales. The !> parametrization follows Brost et al. (1982) with modifications described in Rotach et al. (1996), !> which is applied in state-of-the-art dispserion modelling. !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE parametrize_turbulence INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction REAL(wp) :: corr_term_uh !< correction term in parametrization of horizontal variances for unstable stratification REAL(wp) :: d_zi !< inverse boundary-layer depth REAL(wp) :: length_scale_lon !< length scale in flow direction REAL(wp) :: length_scale_lon_zi !< length scale in flow direction at boundary-layer top REAL(wp) :: length_scale_lat !< length scale in crosswind direction REAL(wp) :: length_scale_lat_zi !< length scale in crosswind direction at boundary-layer top REAL(wp) :: length_scale_vert !< length scale in vertical direction REAL(wp) :: length_scale_vert_zi !< length scale in vertical direction at boundary-layer top REAL(wp) :: time_scale_zi !< time scale at boundary-layer top REAL(wp) :: r11_zi !< longitudinal variance at boundary-layer top REAL(wp) :: r22_zi !< crosswind variance at boundary-layer top REAL(wp) :: r33_zi !< vertical variance at boundary-layer top REAL(wp) :: r31_zi !< r31 at boundary-layer top REAL(wp) :: r32_zi !< r32 at boundary-layer top REAL(wp) :: rlat1 !< first dummy argument for crosswind compoment of reynolds stress REAL(wp) :: rlat2 !< second dummy argument for crosswind compoment of reynolds stress REAL(wp) :: rlon1 !< first dummy argument for longitudinal compoment of reynolds stress REAL(wp) :: rlon2 !< second dummy argument for longitudinal compoment of reynolds stress REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb+1:nzt+1) :: cos_phi !< cosine of angle between mean flow direction and x-axis REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb+1:nzt+1) :: phi !< angle between mean flow direction and x-axis REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb+1:nzt+1) :: sin_phi !< sine of angle between mean flow direction and x-axis ! !-- Calculate the boundary-layer top index. Boundary-layer top is calculated by Richardson-bulk !-- criterion according to Heinze et al. (2017). k_zi = MAX( 1, MINLOC( ABS( zu - zi_ribulk ), DIM = 1 ) ) IF ( zu(k_zi) > zi_ribulk ) k_zi = k_zi - 1 k_zi = MIN( k_zi, nzt ) ! !-- Calculate angle between flow direction and x-axis. DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1 IF ( u_init(k) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN phi(k) = ATAN( v_init(k) / u_init(k) ) ELSE phi(k) = 0.5 * pi ENDIF ! !-- Pre-calculate sine and cosine. cos_phi(k) = COS( phi(k) ) sin_phi(k) = SIN( phi(k) ) ENDDO ! !-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress components. Please note, parametrization is formulated for the !-- stream- and spanwise components, while stream- and spanwise direction do not necessarily !-- coincide with the grid axis. Hence, components are rotated after computation. d_zi = 1.0_wp / zi_ribulk DO k = nzb+1, k_zi corr_term_uh = MERGE( 0.35_wp * ABS( & - zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) & )**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), & 0.0_wp, & scale_l < -5.0_wp ) ! !-- Determine normalized height coordinate zzi = zu(k) * d_zi ! !-- Compute longitudinal and crosswind component of reynolds stress. Rotate these components by !-- the wind direction to map onto the u- and v-component. Note, since reynolds stress for !-- variances cannot become negative, take the absolute values. rlon1 = scale_us**2 * ( corr_term_uh + 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi ) rlat1 = scale_us**2 * ( corr_term_uh + 2.0_wp - zzi ) r11(k) = ABS( cos_phi(k) * rlon1 + sin_phi(k) * rlat1 ) r22(k) = ABS( - sin_phi(k) * rlon1 + cos_phi(k) * rlat1 ) ! !-- w'w' r33(k) = scale_wm**2 * ( & 1.5_wp * zzi**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) & + ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 & ) ! !-- u'w' and v'w'. After calculation of the longitudinal and crosswind component !-- these are projected along the x- and y-direction. Note, it is assumed that !-- the flux within the boundary points opposite to the vertical gradient. rlon2 = scale_us**2 * ( zzi - 1.0_wp ) rlat2 = scale_us**2 * ( 0.4 * zzi * ( 1.0_wp - zzi ) ) r31(k) = SIGN( ABS( cos_phi(k) * rlon2 + sin_phi(k) * rlat2 ), & - ( u_init(k+1) - u_init(k-1) ) ) r32(k) = SIGN( ABS( - sin_phi(k) * rlon2 + cos_phi(k) * rlat2 ), & - ( v_init(k+1) - v_init(k-1) ) ) ! !-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far. For simplicity assume a similar profile as !-- for the vertical transport. r21(k) = 0.5_wp * ( r31(k) + r32(k) ) ! !-- Compute turbulent time scales according to Brost et al. (1982). Note, time scales are !-- limited to the adjustment time scales. tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, & 3.33_wp * zzi * ( 1.0 - 0.67_wp * zzi ) / scale_wm * zi_ribulk ) tv(k) = tu(k) tw(k) = tu(k) length_scale_lon = MIN( SQRT( r11(k) ) * tu(k), zi_ribulk ) length_scale_lat = MIN( SQRT( r22(k) ) * tv(k), zi_ribulk ) length_scale_vert = MIN( SQRT( r33(k) ) * tw(k), zi_ribulk ) ! !-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 ) nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 ) nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 ) nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 ) nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 ) nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 ) nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) ENDDO ! !-- Above boundary-layer top length- and timescales as well as reynolds-stress components are !-- reduced to zero by a blending function. length_scale_lon_zi = SQRT( r11(k_zi) ) * tu(k_zi) length_scale_lat_zi = SQRT( r22(k_zi) ) * tv(k_zi) length_scale_vert_zi = SQRT( r33(k_zi) ) * tu(k_zi) time_scale_zi = tu(k_zi) r11_zi = r11(k_zi) r22_zi = r22(k_zi) r33_zi = r33(k_zi) r31_zi = r31(k_zi) r32_zi = r32(k_zi) d_l = blend_coeff / MAX( length_scale_vert_zi, dx, dy, MINVAL( dzw ) ) DO k = k_zi+1, nzt+1 ! !-- Calculate function to gradually decrease Reynolds stress above ABL top. blend = MIN( 1.0_wp, EXP( d_l * zu(k) - d_l * zi_ribulk ) ) ! !-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number to the denominator, else !-- the mergpe-function can crash if scale_l is zero. r11(k) = r11_zi * blend r22(k) = r22_zi * blend r33(k) = r33_zi * blend r31(k) = r31_zi * blend r32(k) = r32_zi * blend r21(k) = 0.5_wp * ( r31(k) + r32(k) ) ! !-- Compute turbulent time scales according to Brost et al. (1982). !-- Note, time scales are limited to the adjustment time scales. tu(k) = time_scale_zi * blend tv(k) = time_scale_zi * blend tw(k) = time_scale_zi * blend length_scale_lon = length_scale_lon_zi * blend length_scale_lat = length_scale_lat_zi * blend length_scale_vert = length_scale_vert_zi * blend ! !-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 ) nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 ) nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 ) nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 ) nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lon * ddx ), 1 ) nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_lat * ddy ), 1 ) nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_vert * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) ENDDO ! !-- Set bottom boundary condition for reynolds stresses r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1) r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1) r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1) r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1) r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1) r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1) ! !-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1) nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1) nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1) nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1) nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1) nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1) nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1) nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1) nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1) tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1) tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1) tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1) adjustment_step = .TRUE. END SUBROUTINE parametrize_turbulence !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation. !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction ! !-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization. DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1 IF ( r11(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) ) a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k) a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k) ELSE a11(k) = 10E-8_wp a21(k) = 10E-8_wp a31(k) = 10E-8_wp ENDIF ENDDO DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1 a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2 IF ( a22(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) ) a32(k) = ( r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) ) / a22(k) ELSE a22(k) = 10E-8_wp a32(k) = 10E-8_wp ENDIF ENDDO DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1 a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)**2 - a32(k)**2 IF ( a33(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) ) ELSE a33(k) = 10E-8_wp ENDIF ENDDO ! !-- Set bottom boundary condition a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1) a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1) a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1) a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1) a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1) a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1) END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used for generating !> turbulence at the lateral boundaries. !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE stg_adjust IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'start' ) ! !-- In case of dirichlet inflow boundary conditions only at one lateral boundary, i.e. in the case !-- no offline or self nesting is applied but synthetic turbulence shall be parametrized !-- nevertheless, the boundary-layer depth need to determined first. IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) & CALL nesting_offl_calc_zi ! !-- Compute scaling parameters (domain-averaged), such as friction velocity are calculated. CALL calc_scaling_variables ! !-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor. Parametrization follows Brost et al. (1982) with !-- modifications described in Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth, friction !-- velocity and velocity scale. CALL parametrize_turbulence ! !-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor !-- (Lund rotation) CALL calc_coeff_matrix ! !-- Setup filter functions according to updated length scales. CALL stg_setup_filter_function ! !-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'end' ) END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization according to Rotach !> et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity, boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity !> scale, and Obukhov length. !--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point) REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean_l !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point) on subdomain REAL(wp) :: scale_l_l !< mean Obukhov lenght on subdomain REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale ! !-- Calculate mean friction velocity, velocity scale, heat flux and near-surface temperature in the !-- model domain. pt_surf_mean_l = 0.0_wp shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp scale_l_l = 0.0_wp friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m) j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m) k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m) friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_def_h(0)%us(m) shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k) scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_def_h(0)%ol(m) pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i) ENDDO DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h(0)%ns i = surf_lsm_h(0)%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h(0)%j(m) k = surf_lsm_h(0)%k(m) friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_lsm_h(0)%us(m) shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k) scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_lsm_h(0)%ol(m) pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i) ENDDO DO m = 1, surf_usm_h(0)%ns i = surf_usm_h(0)%i(m) j = surf_usm_h(0)%j(m) k = surf_usm_h(0)%k(m) friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_usm_h(0)%us(m) shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k) scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_usm_h(0)%ol(m) pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i) ENDDO #if defined( __parallel ) CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr ) CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr ) CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( scale_l_l, scale_l, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr ) CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( pt_surf_mean_l, pt_surf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr ) #else scale_us = friction_vel_l shf_mean = shf_mean_l scale_l = scale_l_l pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean_l #endif scale_us = scale_us * d_nxy shf_mean = shf_mean * d_nxy scale_l = scale_l * d_nxy pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean * d_nxy ! !-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux is negative, set !-- convective velocity scale to zero. IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surf_mean )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) ELSE w_convective = 0.0_wp ENDIF ! !-- At the initial run the friction velocity is initialized close to zero, leading to almost zero !-- disturbances at the boundaries. In order to obtain disturbances nevertheless, set a minium !-- value of friction velocity for the reynolds-stress parametrization. IF ( time_since_reference_point <= 0.0_wp ) scale_us = MAX( scale_us, 0.05_wp ) ! !-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification, compute momentum velocity !-- scale from u* and convective velocity scale, according to Rotach et al. (1996). scale_wm = ( scale_us**3 + 0.6_wp * w_convective**3 )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod