Home

Context Navigation

source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 @ 4441

Last change on this file since 4441 was 4441, checked in by suehring, 4 years ago
Change order of dimension in surface arrays %frac, %emissivity and %albedo to allow for better vectorization in the radiation interactions; Set back turbulent length scale to 8 x grid spacing in the parametrized mode for the synthetic turbulence generator (was accidentally changed in last commit)
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 108.6 KB

Rev	Line
[2259]	1	!> @synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90
	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[2259]	4	!
[2696]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
[2259]	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
	9	!
[2696]	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
[2259]	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3885]	17	! Copyright 2017-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2259]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	19	!
	20	! Current revisions:
	21	! -----------------
[4441]	22	! Set back turbulent length scale to 8 x grid spacing in the parametrized mode
	23	! (was accidantly changed).
[2259]	24	!
	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod.f90 4441 2020-03-04 19:20:35Z suehring $
[4440]	28	! Correct misplaced preprocessor directive
	29	!
	30	! 4438 2020-03-03 20:49:28Z suehring
[4438]	31	! Performance optimizations in velocity-seed calculation:
	32	! - random number array is only defined and computed locally (except for
	33	! normalization to zero mean and unit variance)
	34	! - parallel random number generator is applied independent on the 2D random
	35	! numbers in other routines
	36	! - option to decide wheter velocity seeds are computed locally without any
	37	! further communication or are computed by all processes along the
	38	! communicator
	39	!
	40	! 4346 2019-12-18 11:55:56Z motisi
[4346]	41	! Introduction of wall_flags_total_0, which currently sets bits based on static
	42	! topography information used in wall_flags_static_0
	43	!
	44	! 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring
[4335]	45	! Commentation of last commit
	46	!
	47	! 4332 2019-12-10 19:44:12Z suehring
[4332]	48	! Limit initial velocity seeds in restart runs, if not the seed calculation
	49	! may become unstable. Further, minor bugfix in initial velocity seed
	50	! calculation.
	51	!
	52	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
[4329]	53	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
	54	!
	55	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
[4309]	56	! Computation of velocity seeds optimized. This implies that random numbers
	57	! are computed now using the parallel random number generator. Random numbers
	58	! are now only computed and normalized locally, while distributed over all
	59	! mpi ranks afterwards, instead of computing random numbers on a global array.
	60	! Further, the number of calls for the time-consuming velocity-seed generation
	61	! is reduced - now the left and right, as well as the north and south boundary
	62	! share the same velocity-seed matrices.
	63	!
	64	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
[4182]	65	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	66	!
	67	! 4148 2019-08-08 11:26:00Z suehring
[4148]	68	! Remove unused variable
	69	!
	70	! 4144 2019-08-06 09:11:47Z raasch
[4144]	71	! relational operators .EQ., .NE., etc. replaced by ==, /=, etc.
	72	!
	73	! 4071 2019-07-03 20:02:00Z suehring
[4071]	74	! Bugfix, initialize mean_inflow_profiles in case turbulence and inflow
	75	! information is not read from file.
	76	!
	77	! 4022 2019-06-12 11:52:39Z suehring
[4022]	78	! Several bugfixes and improvements
	79	! - revise bias correction of the imposed perturbations (correction via volume
	80	! flow can create instabilities in case the mean volume flow is close to zero)
	81	! - introduce lower limits in calculation of coefficient matrix, else the
	82	! calculation may become numerically unstable
	83	! - impose perturbations every timestep, even though no new set of perturbations
	84	! is generated in case dt_stg_call /= dt_3d
	85	! - Implement a gradual decrease of Reynolds stress and length scales above
	86	! ABL height (within 1 length scale above ABL depth to 1/10) rather than a
	87	! discontinuous decrease
	88	! - Bugfix in non-nested case: use ABL height for parametrized turbulence
	89	!
	90	! 3987 2019-05-22 09:52:13Z kanani
[3987]	91	! Introduce alternative switch for debug output during timestepping
	92	!
	93	! 3938 2019-04-29 16:06:25Z suehring
[3938]	94	! Remove unused variables
	95	!
	96	! 3937 2019-04-29 15:09:07Z suehring
[3937]	97	! Minor bugfix in case of a very early restart where mc_factor is sill not
	98	! present.
	99	! Some modification and fixing of potential bugs in the calculation of scaling
	100	! parameters used for synthetic turbulence parametrization.
	101	!
	102	! 3909 2019-04-17 09:13:25Z suehring
[3909]	103	! Minor bugfix for last commit
	104	!
	105	! 3900 2019-04-16 15:17:43Z suehring
[3900]	106	! Missing re-calculation of perturbation seeds in case of restarts
	107	!
	108	! 3891 2019-04-12 17:52:01Z suehring
[3891]	109	! Bugfix in initialization in case of restart runs.
	110	!
	111	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	112	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	113	! of additional debug messages
	114	!
	115	!
[3775]	116	! removed unused variables
	117	!
	118	! 3719 2019-02-06 13:10:18Z kanani
[3719]	119	! Removed log_point measurement from stg_init, since this part is counted to
	120	! log_point(2) 'initialisation' already. Moved other log_points to calls of
	121	! the subroutines in time_integration for better overview.
	122	!
[4182]	123	! 2259 2017-06-08 09:09:11Z gronemeier
	124	! Initial revision
[3044]	125	!
[4182]	126	! Authors:
	127	! --------
	128	! @author Tobias Gronemeier, Matthias Suehring, Atsushi Inagaki, Micha Gryschka, Christoph Knigge
	129	!
	130	!
[2259]	131	! Description:
	132	! ------------
	133	!> The module generates turbulence at the inflow boundary based on a method by
	134	!> Xie and Castro (2008) utilizing a Lund rotation (Lund, 1998) and a mass-flux
	135	!> correction by Kim et al. (2013).
	136	!> The turbulence is correlated based on length scales in y- and z-direction and
	137	!> a time scale for each velocity component. The profiles of length and time
	138	!> scales, mean u, v, w, e and pt, and all components of the Reynolds stress
[3347]	139	!> tensor can be either read from file STG_PROFILES, or will be parametrized
	140	!> within the boundary layer.
[2259]	141	!>
	142	!> @todo test restart
	143	!> enable cyclic_fill
	144	!> implement turbulence generation for e and pt
[2945]	145	!> @todo Input of height-constant length scales via namelist
[2259]	146	!> @note <Enter notes on the module>
	147	!> @bug Height information from input file is not used. Profiles from input
	148	!> must match with current PALM grid.
	149	!> In case of restart, velocity seeds differ from precursor run if a11,
	150	!> a22, or a33 are zero.
	151	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	152	MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod
	153
	154
	155	USE arrays_3d, &
[4022]	156	ONLY: dzw, &
	157	ddzw, &
	158	drho_air, &
	159	mean_inflow_profiles, &
	160	q, &
[4071]	161	q_init, &
	162	pt, &
	163	pt_init, &
[4022]	164	u, &
	165	u_init, &
	166	v, &
	167	v_init, &
	168	w, &
	169	zu, &
	170	zw
[2259]	171
[3274]	172	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
[4022]	173	ONLY: g, &
	174	kappa, &
	175	pi
[2259]	176
	177	USE control_parameters, &
[4022]	178	ONLY: bc_lr, &
	179	bc_ns, &
	180	child_domain, &
	181	coupling_char, &
	182	debug_output_timestep, &
	183	dt_3d, &
	184	e_init, &
[4071]	185	humidity, &
[3885]	186	initializing_actions, &
[4022]	187	intermediate_timestep_count, &
	188	intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	189	length, &
[3885]	190	message_string, &
[4022]	191	nesting_offline, &
[4071]	192	neutral, &
[3885]	193	num_mean_inflow_profiles, &
[4309]	194	random_generator, &
[4022]	195	rans_mode, &
	196	restart_string, &
	197	syn_turb_gen, &
	198	time_since_reference_point, &
	199	turbulent_inflow
[4438]	200
	201	USE cpulog, &
	202	ONLY: cpu_log, &
	203	log_point_s
	204
[4022]	205	USE grid_variables, &
	206	ONLY: ddx, &
	207	ddy, &
	208	dx, &
	209	dy
[2259]	210
	211	USE indices, &
[4022]	212	ONLY: nbgp, &
	213	nz, &
	214	nzb, &
	215	nzt, &
	216	nx, &
	217	nxl, &
	218	nxlu, &
	219	nxr, &
	220	ny, &
	221	nys, &
	222	nysv, &
	223	nyn, &
[4346]	224	wall_flags_total_0
[2259]	225
	226	USE kinds
	227
[2967]	228	#if defined( __parallel ) && !defined( __mpifh )
[2259]	229	USE MPI
[2841]	230	#endif
[2259]	231
[3347]	232	USE nesting_offl_mod, &
[4022]	233	ONLY: nesting_offl_calc_zi, &
	234	zi_ribulk
[3347]	235
[2259]	236	USE pegrid, &
[4022]	237	ONLY: comm1dx, &
	238	comm1dy, &
	239	comm2d, &
	240	ierr, &
	241	myidx, &
	242	myidy, &
	243	pdims
[4438]	244
[4022]	245	USE pmc_interface, &
	246	ONLY : rans_mode_parent
[4438]	247
	248	USE random_generator_parallel, &
	249	ONLY: init_parallel_random_generator, &
	250	random_dummy, &
[4309]	251	random_number_parallel, &
[4438]	252	random_seed_parallel
[2259]	253
	254	USE transpose_indices, &
[4022]	255	ONLY: nzb_x, &
	256	nzt_x
[2259]	257
[4438]	258	USE surface_mod, &
	259	ONLY: surf_def_h, &
	260	surf_lsm_h, &
	261	surf_usm_h
[2259]	262
	263	IMPLICIT NONE
	264
[2967]	265	#if defined( __parallel ) && defined( __mpifh )
[2841]	266	INCLUDE "mpif.h"
	267	#endif
	268
[3182]	269
[3347]	270	LOGICAL :: velocity_seed_initialized = .FALSE. !< true after first call of stg_main
	271	LOGICAL :: parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .FALSE. !< flag indicating that inflow turbulence is either read from file (.FALSE.) or if it parametrized
	272	LOGICAL :: use_syn_turb_gen = .FALSE. !< switch to use synthetic turbulence generator
[4438]	273	LOGICAL :: compute_velocity_seeds_local = .TRUE. !< switch to decide whether velocity seeds are computed locally or if computation
	274	!< is distributed over several processes
[2259]	275
[3038]	276	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_left !< left lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	277	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_north !< north lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	278	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_right !< right lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
	279	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_stg_south !< south lateral boundary core id in case of turbulence generator
[4438]	280	INTEGER(iwp) :: mergp !< maximum length scale (in gp)
[3038]	281	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_x_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	282	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_x_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along x)
	283	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_y_stg !< lower bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
	284	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_y_stg !< upper bound of z coordinate (required for transposing z on PEs along y)
[4309]	285	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz !< MPI type for full z range
	286	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_xz_small !< MPI type for small z range
	287	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz !< MPI type for full z range
	288	INTEGER(iwp) :: stg_type_yz_small !< MPI type for small z range
[2259]	289
[4022]	290	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_xz = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at xz cross-sections,
	291	!< required for bias correction of imposed perturbations
	292	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_yz = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at yz cross-sections,
	293	!< required for bias correction of imposed perturbations
	294
[3347]	295	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_xz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	296	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_xz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	297	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: displs_yz !< displacement for MPI_GATHERV
	298	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: recv_count_yz !< receive count for MPI_GATHERV
	299	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nux !< length scale of u in x direction (in gp)
	300	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuy !< length scale of u in y direction (in gp)
	301	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nuz !< length scale of u in z direction (in gp)
	302	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvx !< length scale of v in x direction (in gp)
	303	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvy !< length scale of v in y direction (in gp)
	304	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nvz !< length scale of v in z direction (in gp)
	305	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwx !< length scale of w in x direction (in gp)
	306	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwy !< length scale of w in y direction (in gp)
	307	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nwz !< length scale of w in z direction (in gp)
[2259]	308
[4438]	309	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: id_rand_xz !< initial random IDs at xz inflow boundary
	310	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: id_rand_yz !< initial random IDs at yz inflow boundary
	311	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: seq_rand_xz !< initial random seeds at xz inflow boundary
	312	INTEGER(isp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: seq_rand_yz !< initial random seeds at yz inflow boundary
	313
[4022]	314	REAL(wp) :: blend !< value to create gradually and smooth blending of Reynolds stress and length
	315	!< scales above the boundary layer
	316	REAL(wp) :: blend_coeff = -2.3_wp !< coefficient used to ensure that blending functions decreases to 1/10 after
	317	!< one length scale above ABL top
	318	REAL(wp) :: d_l !< blend_coeff/length_scale
	319	REAL(wp) :: length_scale !< length scale, default is 8 x minimum grid spacing
[3347]	320	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_adjust = 300.0_wp !< time interval for adjusting turbulence statistics
[4438]	321	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time interval for calling synthetic turbulence generator
[3347]	322	REAL(wp) :: scale_l !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - Obukhov length
	323	REAL(wp) :: scale_us !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - friction velocity
	324	REAL(wp) :: scale_wm !< scaling parameter used for turbulence parametrization - momentum scale
	325	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp !< time counter for adjusting turbulence information
	326	REAL(wp) :: time_stg_call = 0.0_wp !< time counter for calling generator
	327
[4022]	328	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: mc_factor = 1.0_wp !< correction factor for the u,v,w-components to maintain original mass flux
[3347]	329
[4022]	330
[3347]	331	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r11 !< Reynolds parameter
	332	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r21 !< Reynolds parameter
	333	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r22 !< Reynolds parameter
	334	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r31 !< Reynolds parameter
	335	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r32 !< Reynolds parameter
	336	REAL(wp),DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r33 !< Reynolds parameter
	337
	338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a11 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a21 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a22 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a31 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	342	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a32 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: a33 !< coefficient for Lund rotation
	344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tu !< Lagrangian time scale of u
	345	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tv !< Lagrangian time scale of v
	346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tw !< Lagrangian time scale of w
[2259]	347
[3347]	348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bux !< filter function for u in x direction
	349	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buy !< filter function for u in y direction
	350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: buz !< filter function for u in z direction
	351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvx !< filter function for v in x direction
	352	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvy !< filter function for v in y direction
	353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bvz !< filter function for v in z direction
	354	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwx !< filter function for w in y direction
	355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwy !< filter function for w in y direction
	356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: bwz !< filter function for w in z direction
	357	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane
	358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_xz !< velocity seed for u at xz plane with new random number
	359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fu_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane
	360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fuo_yz !< velocity seed for u at yz plane with new random number
	361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane
	362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_xz !< velocity seed for v at xz plane with new random number
	363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fv_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane
	364	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fvo_yz !< velocity seed for v at yz plane with new random number
	365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane
	366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_xz !< velocity seed for w at xz plane with new random number
	367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fw_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane
	368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: fwo_yz !< velocity seed for w at yz plane with new random number
	369
	370	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_xz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
	371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: dist_yz !< imposed disturbances at north/south boundary
[2259]	372
	373	!
	374	!-- PALM interfaces:
[3347]	375	!-- Adjust time and lenght scales, Reynolds stress, and filter functions
	376	INTERFACE stg_adjust
	377	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_adjust
	378	END INTERFACE stg_adjust
	379	!
[2259]	380	!-- Input parameter checks to be done in check_parameters
	381	INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	382	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_check_parameters
	383	END INTERFACE stg_check_parameters
	384
	385	!
	386	!-- Calculate filter functions
	387	INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	388	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_filter_func
	389	END INTERFACE stg_filter_func
	390
	391	!
[2938]	392	!-- Generate velocity seeds at south and north domain boundary
	393	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	394	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_xz
	395	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_xz
	396	!
	397	!-- Generate velocity seeds at left and/or right domain boundary
[2259]	398	INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	399	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_generate_seed_yz
	400	END INTERFACE stg_generate_seed_yz
	401
	402	!
	403	!-- Output of information to the header file
	404	INTERFACE stg_header
	405	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_header
	406	END INTERFACE stg_header
	407
	408	!
	409	!-- Initialization actions
	410	INTERFACE stg_init
	411	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_init
	412	END INTERFACE stg_init
	413
	414	!
	415	!-- Main procedure of synth. turb. gen.
	416	INTERFACE stg_main
	417	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_main
	418	END INTERFACE stg_main
	419
	420	!
	421	!-- Reading of NAMELIST parameters
	422	INTERFACE stg_parin
	423	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_parin
	424	END INTERFACE stg_parin
	425
	426	!
	427	!-- Reading of parameters for restart runs
[2894]	428	INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
	429	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_rrd_global
	430	END INTERFACE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	431
	432	!
	433	!-- Writing of binary output for restart runs
[2894]	434	INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
	435	MODULE PROCEDURE stg_wrd_global
	436	END INTERFACE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	437
	438	SAVE
	439
	440	PRIVATE
	441
	442	!
	443	!-- Public interfaces
[3347]	444	PUBLIC stg_adjust, stg_check_parameters, stg_header, stg_init, stg_main, &
	445	stg_parin, stg_rrd_global, stg_wrd_global
[2259]	446
	447	!
	448	!-- Public variables
[3347]	449	PUBLIC dt_stg_call, dt_stg_adjust, id_stg_left, id_stg_north, &
	450	id_stg_right, id_stg_south, parametrize_inflow_turbulence, &
	451	time_stg_adjust, time_stg_call, use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	452
	453
	454	CONTAINS
	455
	456
	457	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	458	! Description:
	459	! ------------
	460	!> Check parameters routine for synthetic turbulence generator
	461	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	462	SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	463
[3182]	464	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	465	nesting_offline ) THEN
[3376]	466	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
	467	'if offline nesting is applied and PALM operates ' // &
	468	'in LES mode.'
	469	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0520', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	470	ENDIF
	471
[3182]	472	IF ( .NOT. use_syn_turb_gen .AND. child_domain &
[2938]	473	.AND. rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
[3376]	474	message_string = 'Synthetic turbulence generator is required ' // &
[2938]	475	'when nesting is applied and parent operates in ' // &
	476	'RANS-mode but current child in LES mode.'
[3376]	477	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0524', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2938]	478	ENDIF
	479
[2776]	480	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	481
[3579]	482	IF ( child_domain .AND. .NOT. rans_mode .AND. &
	483	.NOT. rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	484	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	485	'is not allowed in LES-LES nesting.'
	486	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0620', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	487
	488	ENDIF
	489
	490	IF ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode .AND. &
	491	rans_mode_parent ) THEN
	492	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	493	'is not allowed in RANS-RANS nesting.'
	494	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0621', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	495
	496	ENDIF
	497
[3182]	498	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	499
[2938]	500	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles' ) == 0 &
	501	.AND. INDEX( initializing_actions, 'read_restart_data' ) == 0 ) THEN
	502	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	503	'requires %initializing_actions = ' // &
	504	'"set_constant_profiles" or "read_restart_data"' //&
	505	', if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	506	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0015', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	507	ENDIF
	508
	509	IF ( bc_lr /= 'dirichlet/radiation' ) THEN
	510	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3347]	511	'requires &bc_lr = "dirichlet/radiation", ' // &
	512	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	513	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0035', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	514	ENDIF
	515	IF ( bc_ns /= 'cyclic' ) THEN
	516	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[3579]	517	'requires &bc_ns = "cyclic", ' // &
[3347]	518	'if not offline nesting is applied.'
[2938]	519	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0037', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	520	ENDIF
	521
[2259]	522	ENDIF
	523
	524	IF ( turbulent_inflow ) THEN
	525	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
[2938]	526	'in combination &with turbulent_inflow = .T. '// &
	527	'is not allowed'
[2259]	528	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0039', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	529	ENDIF
[4309]	530	!
	531	!-- Synthetic turbulence generator requires the parallel random generator
	532	IF ( random_generator /= 'random-parallel' ) THEN
	533	message_string = 'Using synthetic turbulence generator ' // &
	534	'requires random_generator = random-parallel.'
	535	CALL message( 'stg_check_parameters', 'PA0421', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	536	ENDIF
[2259]	537
	538	ENDIF
	539
	540	END SUBROUTINE stg_check_parameters
	541
	542
	543	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	544	! Description:
	545	! ------------
	546	!> Header output for synthetic turbulence generator
	547	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	548	SUBROUTINE stg_header ( io )
	549
	550	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	551
	552	!
	553	!-- Write synthetic turbulence generator Header
	554	WRITE( io, 1 )
[2776]	555	IF ( use_syn_turb_gen ) THEN
[2259]	556	WRITE( io, 2 )
	557	ELSE
	558	WRITE( io, 3 )
	559	ENDIF
[3347]	560
	561	IF ( parametrize_inflow_turbulence ) THEN
	562	WRITE( io, 4 ) dt_stg_adjust
	563	ELSE
	564	WRITE( io, 5 )
	565	ENDIF
[2259]	566
	567	1 FORMAT (//' Synthetic turbulence generator information:'/ &
	568	' ------------------------------------------'/)
[3347]	569	2 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched on')
	570	3 FORMAT (' synthetic turbulence generator is switched off')
[3348]	571	4 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence statistics are parametrized and ajdusted to boundary-layer development each ', F8.2, ' s' )
[3347]	572	5 FORMAT (' imposed turbulence is read from file' )
[2259]	573
	574	END SUBROUTINE stg_header
	575
	576
	577	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	578	! Description:
	579	! ------------
	580	!> Initialization of the synthetic turbulence generator
	581	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	582	SUBROUTINE stg_init
	583
[3347]	584	LOGICAL :: file_stg_exist = .FALSE. !< flag indicating whether parameter file for Reynolds stress and length scales exist
[2938]	585
[2669]	586	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	587	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: extent !< extent of new MPI type
	588	INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) :: tob=0 !< dummy variable
[2669]	589	#endif
[2259]	590
[2938]	591	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !> grid index in x-direction
[2259]	592	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !> loop index
	593	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index
	594	INTEGER(iwp) :: newtype !< dummy MPI type
	595	INTEGER(iwp) :: realsize !< size of REAL variables
[4309]	596
[4022]	597	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_xz_l = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at xz-cross-section on subdomain
	598	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: nr_non_topo_yz_l = 0 !< number of non-topography grid points at yz-cross-section on subdomain
[2259]	599	!
	600	!-- Dummy variables used for reading profiles
	601	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< u profile
	602	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< v profile
	603	REAL(wp) :: d3 !< w profile
	604	REAL(wp) :: d5 !< e profile
	605	REAL(wp) :: luy !< length scale for u in y direction
	606	REAL(wp) :: luz !< length scale for u in z direction
	607	REAL(wp) :: lvy !< length scale for v in y direction
	608	REAL(wp) :: lvz !< length scale for v in z direction
	609	REAL(wp) :: lwy !< length scale for w in y direction
	610	REAL(wp) :: lwz !< length scale for w in z direction
[3038]	611	REAL(wp) :: nnz !< increment used to determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x and y direction
[2259]	612	REAL(wp) :: zz !< height
	613
[2938]	614
[2259]	615	#if defined( __parallel )
	616	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	617	#endif
[4438]	618	!
	619	!-- Create mpi-datatypes for exchange in case of non-local but distributed
	620	!-- computation of the velocity seeds. This option is useful in
	621	!-- case large turbulent length scales are presentm, where the computational
	622	!-- effort becomes large and need to be parallelized. For parametrized
	623	!-- turbulence the length scales are small and computing the velocity seeds
	624	!-- locally is faster (no overhead by communication).
	625	IF ( .NOT. compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN
[2669]	626	#if defined( __parallel )
[4438]	627	!
	628	!-- Determine processor decomposition of z-axis along x- and y-direction
	629	nnz = nz / pdims(1)
	630	nzb_x_stg = 1 + myidx * INT( nnz )
	631	nzt_x_stg = ( myidx + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
	632
	633	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(1) ) /= 0 .AND. myidx == id_stg_right ) &
	634	nzt_x_stg = nzt_x_stg + myidx * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
	635
	636	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	637	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
	638	nnz = nz / pdims(2)
	639	nzb_y_stg = 1 + myidy * INT( nnz )
	640	nzt_y_stg = ( myidy + 1 ) * INT( nnz )
	641
	642	IF ( MOD( nz , pdims(2) ) /= 0 .AND. myidy == id_stg_north ) &
	643	nzt_y_stg = nzt_y_stg + myidy * ( nnz - INT( nnz ) )
	644	ENDIF
	645
	646	!
	647	!-- Define MPI type used in stg_generate_seed_yz to gather vertical splitted
	648	!-- velocity seeds
	649	CALL MPI_TYPE_SIZE( MPI_REAL, realsize, ierr )
	650	extent = 1 * realsize
	651	!
	652	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at yz
	653	!-- layer
	654	!-- stg_type_yz: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
	655	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nyn-nys+1], &
	656	[1,nyn-nys+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	657	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz, ierr )
	658	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz, ierr )
[2938]	659	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
[4438]	660
	661	! stg_type_yz_small: yz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
	662	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+2,nyn-nys+1], &
	663	[1,nyn-nys+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	664	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
	665	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_yz_small, ierr )
[2938]	666	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
[4438]	667
[2938]	668	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
[4438]	669	ALLOCATE( recv_count_yz(pdims(1)), displs_yz(pdims(1)) )
	670
	671	recv_count_yz = nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg + 1
	672	recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) = recv_count_yz(pdims(1)) + 1
	673
	674	DO j = 1, pdims(1)
	675	displs_yz(j) = 0 + (nzt_x_stg-nzb_x_stg+1) * (j-1)
[2938]	676	ENDDO
[4438]	677	!
	678	!-- Set-up MPI datatyp to involve all cores for turbulence generation at xz
	679	!-- layer
	680	!-- stg_type_xz: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb:nzt+1
	681	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	682	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
	683	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt-nzb+2,nxr-nxl+1], &
	684	[1,nxr-nxl+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	685	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz, ierr )
	686	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz, ierr )
	687	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	688
	689	! stg_type_yz_small: xz-slice with vertical bounds nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1
	690	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_SUBARRAY( 2, [nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+2,nxr-nxl+1], &
	691	[1,nxr-nxl+1], [0,0], MPI_ORDER_FORTRAN, MPI_REAL, newtype, ierr )
	692	CALL MPI_TYPE_CREATE_RESIZED( newtype, tob, extent, stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	693	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( stg_type_xz_small, ierr )
	694	CALL MPI_TYPE_FREE( newtype, ierr )
	695
	696	! receive count and displacement for MPI_GATHERV in stg_generate_seed_yz
	697	ALLOCATE( recv_count_xz(pdims(2)), displs_xz(pdims(2)) )
	698
	699	recv_count_xz = nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg + 1
	700	recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) = recv_count_xz(pdims(2)) + 1
	701
	702	DO j = 1, pdims(2)
	703	displs_xz(j) = 0 + (nzt_y_stg-nzb_y_stg+1) * (j-1)
	704	ENDDO
	705
	706	ENDIF
[4440]	707	#endif
[2938]	708	ENDIF
[2259]	709	!
[4071]	710	!-- Allocate required arrays.
	711	!-- In case no offline nesting or self nesting is used, the arrary
	712	!-- mean_inflow profiles is required. Check if it is already allocated, else
	713	!-- allocate and initialize it appropriately. Note, in case turbulence and
	714	!-- inflow information is read from file, mean_inflow_profiles is already
	715	!-- allocated and initialized appropriately.
[3347]	716	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[4071]	717	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( mean_inflow_profiles ) ) THEN
[3347]	718	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,1:num_mean_inflow_profiles) )
[4071]	719	mean_inflow_profiles = 0.0_wp
	720	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = u_init
	721	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = v_init
	722	!
	723	!-- Even though potential temperature and humidity are not perturbed,
	724	!-- they need to be initialized appropriately.
	725	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) &
	726	mean_inflow_profiles(:,4) = pt_init
	727	IF ( humidity ) &
	728	mean_inflow_profiles(:,6) = q_init
	729	ENDIF
[3347]	730	ENDIF
[2259]	731
[3347]	732	ALLOCATE ( a11(nzb:nzt+1), a21(nzb:nzt+1), a22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	733	a31(nzb:nzt+1), a32(nzb:nzt+1), a33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	734	nux(nzb:nzt+1), nuy(nzb:nzt+1), nuz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	735	nvx(nzb:nzt+1), nvy(nzb:nzt+1), nvz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	736	nwx(nzb:nzt+1), nwy(nzb:nzt+1), nwz(nzb:nzt+1), &
	737	r11(nzb:nzt+1), r21(nzb:nzt+1), r22(nzb:nzt+1), &
	738	r31(nzb:nzt+1), r32(nzb:nzt+1), r33(nzb:nzt+1), &
	739	tu(nzb:nzt+1), tv(nzb:nzt+1), tw(nzb:nzt+1) )
	740
[4438]	741	ALLOCATE ( dist_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr,3) )
	742	ALLOCATE ( dist_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn,3) )
[3347]	743	dist_xz = 0.0_wp
	744	dist_yz = 0.0_wp
	745	!
[2259]	746	!-- Read inflow profile
	747	!-- Height levels of profiles in input profile is as follows:
	748	!-- zu: luy, luz, tu, lvy, lvz, tv, r11, r21, r22, d1, d2, d5
	749	!-- zw: lwy, lwz, tw, r31, r32, r33, d3
	750	!-- WARNING: zz is not used at the moment
[2938]	751	INQUIRE( FILE = 'STG_PROFILES' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	752	EXIST = file_stg_exist )
[2259]	753
[2938]	754	IF ( file_stg_exist ) THEN
[2259]	755
[2938]	756	OPEN( 90, FILE='STG_PROFILES'//TRIM( coupling_char ), STATUS='OLD', &
	757	FORM='FORMATTED')
	758	!
	759	!-- Skip header
	760	READ( 90, * )
[2259]	761
[3182]	762	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[2938]	763	READ( 90, * ) zz, luy, luz, tu(k), lvy, lvz, tv(k), lwy, lwz, tw(k), &
	764	r11(k), r21(k), r22(k), r31(k), r32(k), r33(k), &
	765	d1, d2, d3, d5
	766
[2259]	767	!
[3182]	768	!-- Convert length scales from meter to number of grid points.
[2938]	769	nuy(k) = INT( luy * ddy )
[3182]	770	nuz(k) = INT( luz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	771	nvy(k) = INT( lvy * ddy )
[3182]	772	nvz(k) = INT( lvz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	773	nwy(k) = INT( lwy * ddy )
[3182]	774	nwz(k) = INT( lwz * ddzw(k) )
[2938]	775	!
	776	!-- Workaround, assume isotropic turbulence
	777	nwx(k) = nwy(k)
	778	nvx(k) = nvy(k)
	779	nux(k) = nuy(k)
	780	!
	781	!-- Save Mean inflow profiles
	782	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
	783	mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) = d1
	784	mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) = d2
	785	! mean_inflow_profiles(k,4) = d4
	786	mean_inflow_profiles(k,5) = d5
	787	ENDIF
	788	ENDDO
[3182]	789	!
	790	!-- Set lenght scales at surface grid point
	791	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	792	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	793	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	794	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	795	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	796	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	797
[2938]	798	CLOSE( 90 )
[3347]	799	!
	800	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	801	!-- (Lund rotation)
	802	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	803	!
	804	!-- No information about turbulence and its length scales are available.
	805	!-- Instead, parametrize turbulence which is imposed at the boundaries.
	806	!-- Set flag which indicates that turbulence is parametrized, which is done
	807	!-- later when energy-balance models are already initialized. This is
	808	!-- because the STG needs information about surface properties such as
	809	!-- roughness to build 'realistic' turbulence profiles.
[2938]	810	ELSE
[2259]	811	!
[4022]	812	!-- Define length scale for the imposed turbulence, which is defined as
	813	!-- 8 times the minimum grid spacing
[4441]	814	length_scale = 8.0_wp * MIN( dx, dy, MINVAL( dzw ) )
[4022]	815	!
	816	!-- Define constant to gradually decrease length scales and Reynolds stress
	817	!-- above ABL top. Assure that no zero length scales are used.
	818	d_l = blend_coeff / MAX( length_scale, dx, dy, MINVAL( dzw ) )
	819	!
[3347]	820	!-- Set flag indicating that turbulence is parametrized
	821	parametrize_inflow_turbulence = .TRUE.
	822	!
[4022]	823	!-- In case of dirichlet inflow boundary conditions only at one lateral
	824	!-- boundary, i.e. in the case no offline or self nesting is applied but
	825	!-- synthetic turbulence shall be parametrized nevertheless, the
	826	!-- boundary-layer depth need to determined first.
	827	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) &
	828	CALL nesting_offl_calc_zi
	829	!
[3347]	830	!-- Determine boundary-layer depth, which is used to initialize lenght
	831	!-- scales
	832	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	833	!
	834	!-- Initialize lenght and time scales, which in turn are used
	835	!-- to initialize the filter functions.
	836	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
[3891]	837	!
	838	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	839	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	840	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	841	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	842	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	843	!
	844	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	845	!-- (Lund rotation)
	846	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
[3347]	847
[2938]	848	ENDIF
	849
[2259]	850	!
[3347]	851	!-- Assign initial profiles. Note, this is only required if turbulent
	852	!-- inflow from the left is desired, not in case of any of the
	853	!-- nesting (offline or self nesting) approaches.
[3182]	854	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
[2938]	855	u_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,1)
	856	v_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,2)
	857	!pt_init = mean_inflow_profiles(:,4)
	858	e_init = MAXVAL( mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) )
	859	ENDIF
[3347]	860
[2938]	861	!
[2259]	862	!-- Define the size of the filter functions and allocate them.
[4438]	863	mergp = 0
[2259]	864
	865	! arrays must be large enough to cover the largest length scale
	866	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[2938]	867	j = MAX( ABS(nux(k)), ABS(nuy(k)), ABS(nuz(k)), &
	868	ABS(nvx(k)), ABS(nvy(k)), ABS(nvz(k)), &
	869	ABS(nwx(k)), ABS(nwy(k)), ABS(nwz(k)) )
[4438]	870	IF ( j > mergp ) mergp = j
[2259]	871	ENDDO
	872
[4438]	873	! mergp = 2 * mergp
	874	! mergp = mergp
[2259]	875
[4438]	876	ALLOCATE ( bux(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	877	buy(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	878	buz(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	879	bvx(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	880	bvy(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	881	bvz(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	882	bwx(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	883	bwy(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1), &
	884	bwz(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) )
[2259]	885
	886	!
[2938]	887	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at xz-layer
[4438]	888	ALLOCATE ( fu_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fuo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), &
	889	fv_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fvo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), &
	890	fw_xz( nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr), fwo_xz(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) )
[2259]	891
[2938]	892	!
	893	!-- Allocate velocity seeds for turbulence at yz-layer
[4438]	894	ALLOCATE ( fu_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fuo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), &
	895	fv_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fvo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), &
	896	fw_yz( nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn), fwo_yz(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn) )
[2259]	897
[2938]	898	fu_xz = 0.0_wp
	899	fuo_xz = 0.0_wp
	900	fv_xz = 0.0_wp
	901	fvo_xz = 0.0_wp
	902	fw_xz = 0.0_wp
	903	fwo_xz = 0.0_wp
	904
	905	fu_yz = 0.0_wp
	906	fuo_yz = 0.0_wp
	907	fv_yz = 0.0_wp
	908	fvo_yz = 0.0_wp
	909	fw_yz = 0.0_wp
	910	fwo_yz = 0.0_wp
	911
[2259]	912	!
	913	!-- Create filter functions
[2938]	914	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
[2259]	915	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	916	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
[2938]	917	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
[2259]	918	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	919	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
[2938]	920	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
[2259]	921	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	922	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	923
	924	#if defined( __parallel )
	925	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	926	#endif
	927
	928	!
[2938]	929	!-- In case of restart, calculate velocity seeds fu, fv, fw from former
	930	! time step.
	931	! Bug: fu, fv, fw are different in those heights where a11, a22, a33
	932	! are 0 compared to the prerun. This is mostly for k=nzt+1.
[2259]	933	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
[2938]	934	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	935
	936	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = -1
	937	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	938
[4438]	939	DO j = nys, nyn
[2259]	940	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[4332]	941	IF ( a11(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	942	fu_yz(k,j) = ( u(k,j,i) - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[2259]	943	ELSE
[4332]	944	fu_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp
[2259]	945	ENDIF
	946
[4332]	947	IF ( a22(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	948	fv_yz(k,j) = ( v(k,j,i) - &
	949	a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[2259]	950	ELSE
[4332]	951	fv_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp
[2259]	952	ENDIF
	953
[4332]	954	IF ( a33(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	955	fw_yz(k,j) = ( w(k,j,i) - &
	956	a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) - a32(k) * &
	957	fv_yz(k,j) ) / a33(k)
[2259]	958	ELSE
[4332]	959	fw_yz(k,j) = 10E-8_wp
[2259]	960	ENDIF
	961	ENDDO
	962	ENDDO
	963	ENDIF
[3900]	964
	965	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	966
	967	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = -1
	968	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	969
[4438]	970	DO i = nxl, nxr
[3900]	971	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
[4335]	972	!
	973	!-- In case the correlation coefficients are very small, the
	974	!-- velocity seeds may become very large finally creating
	975	!-- numerical instabilities in the synthetic turbulence generator.
	976	!-- Empirically, a value of 10E-8 seems to be sufficient.
[4332]	977	IF ( a11(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	978	fu_xz(k,i) = ( u(k,j,i) - u_init(k) ) / a11(k)
[3900]	979	ELSE
[4332]	980	fu_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp
[3900]	981	ENDIF
	982
[4332]	983	IF ( a22(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	984	fv_xz(k,i) = ( v(k,j,i) - &
	985	a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - v_init(k) ) / a22(k)
[3900]	986	ELSE
[4332]	987	fv_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp
[3900]	988	ENDIF
	989
[4332]	990	IF ( a33(k) > 10E-8_wp ) THEN
[4022]	991	fw_xz(k,i) = ( w(k,j,i) - &
	992	a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) - &
	993	a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ) / a33(k)
[3900]	994	ELSE
[4332]	995	fw_xz(k,i) = 10E-8_wp
[3900]	996	ENDIF
	997
	998	ENDDO
	999	ENDDO
	1000	ENDIF
[2259]	1001	ENDIF
[4022]	1002	!
	1003	!-- Count the number of non-topography grid points at the boundaries where
	1004	!-- perturbations are imposed. This number is later used for bias corrections
	1005	!-- of the perturbations, i.e. to force that their mean is zero. Please note,
	1006	!-- due to the asymetry of u and v along x and y direction, respectively,
	1007	!-- different cases must be distinguished.
	1008	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
	1009	!
	1010	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on u
	1011	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1012	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1013
	1014	nr_non_topo_yz_l(1) = SUM( &
	1015	MERGE( 1, 0, &
[4346]	1016	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) ) )
[4022]	1017	!
	1018	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on v and w
	1019	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1020	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1021
	1022	nr_non_topo_yz_l(2) = SUM( &
	1023	MERGE( 1, 0, &
[4346]	1024	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,i), 2 ) ) )
[4022]	1025	nr_non_topo_yz_l(3) = SUM( &
	1026	MERGE( 1, 0, &
[4346]	1027	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) ) )
[4022]	1028
	1029	#if defined( __parallel )
	1030	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( nr_non_topo_yz_l, nr_non_topo_yz, 3, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1031	MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1032	#else
	1033	nr_non_topo_yz = nr_non_topo_yz_l
	1034	#endif
	1035	ENDIF
	1036
	1037	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south .OR. myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1038	!
	1039	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on v
	1040	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1041	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1042
	1043	nr_non_topo_xz_l(2) = SUM( &
	1044	MERGE( 1, 0, &
[4346]	1045	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) ) )
[4022]	1046	!
	1047	!-- Number of grid points where perturbations are imposed on u and w
	1048	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1049	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1050
	1051	nr_non_topo_xz_l(1) = SUM( &
	1052	MERGE( 1, 0, &
[4346]	1053	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxlu:nxr), 1 ) ) )
[4022]	1054	nr_non_topo_xz_l(3) = SUM( &
	1055	MERGE( 1, 0, &
[4346]	1056	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) ) )
[4022]	1057
	1058	#if defined( __parallel )
	1059	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( nr_non_topo_xz_l, nr_non_topo_xz, 3, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1060	MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
	1061	#else
	1062	nr_non_topo_xz = nr_non_topo_xz_l
	1063	#endif
	1064	ENDIF
[4438]	1065	!
	1066	!-- Initialize random number generator at xz- and yz-layers. Random numbers
	1067	!-- are initialized at each core. In case there is only inflow from the left,
	1068	!-- it is sufficient to generate only random numbers for the yz-layer, else
	1069	!-- random numbers for the xz-layer are also required.
	1070	ALLOCATE ( id_rand_yz(-mergp+nys:nyn+mergp) )
	1071	ALLOCATE ( seq_rand_yz(5,-mergp+nys:nyn+mergp) )
	1072	id_rand_yz = 0
	1073	seq_rand_yz = 0
[2259]	1074
[4438]	1075	CALL init_parallel_random_generator( ny, -mergp+nys, nyn+mergp, &
	1076	id_rand_yz, seq_rand_yz )
[4022]	1077
[4438]	1078	IF ( nesting_offline .OR. ( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1079	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) THEN
	1080	ALLOCATE ( id_rand_xz(-mergp+nxl:nxr+mergp) )
	1081	ALLOCATE ( seq_rand_xz(5,-mergp+nxl:nxr+mergp) )
	1082	id_rand_xz = 0
	1083	seq_rand_xz = 0
	1084
	1085	CALL init_parallel_random_generator( nx, -mergp+nxl, nxr+mergp, &
	1086	id_rand_xz, seq_rand_xz )
	1087	ENDIF
	1088
	1089
	1090
[2259]	1091	END SUBROUTINE stg_init
	1092
	1093
	1094	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1095	! Description:
	1096	! ------------
	1097	!> Calculate filter function bxx from length scale nxx following Eg.9 and 10
	1098	!> (Xie and Castro, 2008)
	1099	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1100	SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func( nxx, bxx )
	1101
	1102	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
	1103	INTEGER(iwp) :: n_k !< length scale nXX in height k
	1104	INTEGER(iwp) :: nf !< index for length scales
	1105
	1106	REAL(wp) :: bdenom !< denominator for filter functions bXX
	1107	REAL(wp) :: qsi = 1.0_wp !< minimization factor
	1108
[4438]	1109	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: nxx !< length scale (in gp)
[2259]	1110
[4438]	1111	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) :: bxx !< filter function
[2259]	1112
	1113
	1114	bxx = 0.0_wp
	1115
	1116	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1117	bdenom = 0.0_wp
	1118	n_k = nxx(k)
	1119	IF ( n_k /= 0 ) THEN
	1120
	1121	!
	1122	!-- ( Eq.10 )^2
[4438]	1123	DO nf = -n_k, n_k
[2259]	1124	bdenom = bdenom + EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k )**2
	1125	ENDDO
	1126
	1127	!
	1128	!-- ( Eq.9 )
	1129	bdenom = SQRT( bdenom )
[4438]	1130	DO nf = -n_k, n_k
[2259]	1131	bxx(nf,k) = EXP( -qsi * pi * ABS(nf) / n_k ) / bdenom
	1132	ENDDO
	1133	ENDIF
	1134	ENDDO
	1135
[3347]	1136	END SUBROUTINE stg_filter_func
[2259]	1137
	1138
	1139	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1140	! Description:
	1141	! ------------
	1142	!> Parin for &stg_par for synthetic turbulence generator
	1143	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1144	SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1145
	1146	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1147
	1148
[4438]	1149	NAMELIST /stg_par/ dt_stg_adjust, &
	1150	dt_stg_call, &
	1151	use_syn_turb_gen, &
	1152	compute_velocity_seeds_local
[2259]	1153
	1154	line = ' '
	1155	!
	1156	!-- Try to find stg package
	1157	REWIND ( 11 )
	1158	line = ' '
	1159	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&stg_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1160	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=20 ) line
[2259]	1161	ENDDO
	1162	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1163
	1164	!
	1165	!-- Read namelist
[3246]	1166	READ ( 11, stg_par, ERR = 10, END = 20 )
[2259]	1167
	1168	!
	1169	!-- Set flag that indicates that the synthetic turbulence generator is switched
	1170	!-- on
[2776]	1171	syn_turb_gen = .TRUE.
[3246]	1172	GOTO 20
[2259]	1173
[3246]	1174	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1175	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1176	CALL parin_fail_message( 'stg_par', line )
[2563]	1177
[3246]	1178	20 CONTINUE
[2259]	1179
	1180	END SUBROUTINE stg_parin
	1181
	1182
	1183	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1184	! Description:
	1185	! ------------
[2894]	1186	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
[2576]	1187	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1188	SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global( found )
[2576]	1189
[3044]	1190	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< flag indicating if variable was found
[2259]	1191
[2894]	1192	found = .TRUE.
[2259]	1193
[3038]	1194
[2894]	1195	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
[4022]	1196
	1197	CASE ( 'time_stg_adjust' )
	1198	READ ( 13 ) time_stg_adjust
	1199
	1200	CASE ( 'time_stg_call' )
	1201	READ ( 13 ) time_stg_call
	1202
[2894]	1203	CASE ( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1204	READ ( 13 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1205
[2894]	1206	CASE DEFAULT
[2259]	1207
[3038]	1208	found = .FALSE.
[2259]	1209
[2894]	1210	END SELECT
[2259]	1211
	1212
[2894]	1213	END SUBROUTINE stg_rrd_global
[2259]	1214
	1215
	1216	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1217	! Description:
	1218	! ------------
	1219	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
	1220	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2894]	1221	SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1222
[4022]	1223	CALL wrd_write_string( 'time_stg_adjust' )
	1224	WRITE ( 14 ) time_stg_adjust
	1225
	1226	CALL wrd_write_string( 'time_stg_call' )
	1227	WRITE ( 14 ) time_stg_call
[2259]	1228
[2894]	1229	CALL wrd_write_string( 'use_syn_turb_gen' )
	1230	WRITE ( 14 ) use_syn_turb_gen
[2259]	1231
	1232
[2894]	1233	END SUBROUTINE stg_wrd_global
[2259]	1234
[2894]	1235
[2259]	1236	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1237	! Description:
	1238	! ------------
	1239	!> Create turbulent inflow fields for u, v, w with prescribed length scales and
	1240	!> Reynolds stress tensor after a method of Xie and Castro (2008), modified
	1241	!> following suggestions of Kim et al. (2013), and using a Lund rotation
	1242	!> (Lund, 1998).
	1243	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1244	SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1245
[2938]	1246	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index in x-direction
[2259]	1247	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1248	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
[4022]	1249
	1250	LOGICAL :: stg_call = .FALSE. !< control flag indicating whether turbulence was updated or only restored from last call
[2259]	1251
	1252	REAL(wp) :: dt_stg !< wheighted subtimestep
[4022]	1253
	1254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(3) :: mc_factor_l !< local mass flux correction factor
[2259]	1255
[3987]	1256	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'start' )
[2259]	1257	!
	1258	!-- Calculate time step which is needed for filter functions
[3775]	1259	dt_stg = MAX( dt_3d, dt_stg_call )
[2259]	1260	!
[4022]	1261	!-- Check if synthetic turbulence generator needs to be called and new
	1262	!-- perturbations need to be created or if old disturbances can be imposed
	1263	!-- again.
	1264	IF ( time_stg_call >= dt_stg_call .AND. &
	1265	intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1266	stg_call = .TRUE.
	1267	ELSE
	1268	stg_call = .FALSE.
	1269	ENDIF
	1270	!
[2259]	1271	!-- Initial value of fu, fv, fw
[3646]	1272	IF ( time_since_reference_point == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. velocity_seed_initialized ) THEN
[4309]	1273	!
	1274	!-- Generate turbulence at the left and right boundary. Random numbers
	1275	!-- for the yz-planes at the left/right boundary are generated by the
	1276	!-- left-sided mpi ranks only. After random numbers are calculated, they
	1277	!-- are distributed to all other mpi ranks in the model, so that the
	1278	!-- velocity seed matrices are available on all mpi ranks (i.e. also on the
	1279	!-- right-sided boundary mpi ranks). In case of offline nesting, this implies,
	1280	!-- that the left- and the right-sided lateral boundary have the same initial
	1281	!-- seeds.
	1282	!-- Note, in case of inflow from the right only, only turbulence at the left
	1283	!-- boundary is required.
	1284	IF ( .NOT. ( nesting_offline .OR. &
	1285	( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1286	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) ) THEN
	1287	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, id_stg_left )
	1288	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, id_stg_left )
	1289	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, id_stg_left )
	1290	ELSE
	1291	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fu_yz, &
	1292	id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1293	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fv_yz, &
	1294	id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1295	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fw_yz, &
	1296	id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
[2938]	1297	!
[4309]	1298	!-- Generate turbulence at the south and north boundary. Random numbers
	1299	!-- for the xz-planes at the south/north boundary are generated by the
	1300	!-- south-sided mpi ranks only. Please see also comment above.
	1301	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fu_xz, &
	1302	id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1303	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fv_xz, &
	1304	id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1305	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fw_xz, &
	1306	id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
[2938]	1307	ENDIF
[2259]	1308	velocity_seed_initialized = .TRUE.
	1309	ENDIF
	1310	!
[4309]	1311	!-- New set of fu, fv, fw. Note, for inflow from the left side only, velocity
	1312	!-- seeds are only required at the left boundary, while in case of offline
	1313	!-- nesting or RANS-LES nesting velocity seeds are required also at the
	1314	!-- right, south and north boundaries.
[4022]	1315	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
[4309]	1316	IF ( .NOT. ( nesting_offline .OR. &
	1317	( child_domain .AND. rans_mode_parent &
	1318	.AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) ) ) THEN
	1319	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1320	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1321	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, id_stg_left )
	1322
	1323	ELSE
	1324	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nuy, nuz, buy, buz, fuo_yz, &
	1325	id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1326	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nvy, nvz, bvy, bvz, fvo_yz, &
	1327	id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1328	CALL stg_generate_seed_yz( nwy, nwz, bwy, bwz, fwo_yz, &
	1329	id_stg_left, id_stg_right )
	1330
	1331	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nux, nuz, bux, buz, fuo_xz, &
	1332	id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1333	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nvx, nvz, bvx, bvz, fvo_xz, &
	1334	id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
	1335	CALL stg_generate_seed_xz( nwx, nwz, bwx, bwz, fwo_xz, &
	1336	id_stg_south, id_stg_north )
[4022]	1337	ENDIF
[2938]	1338	ENDIF
[3347]	1339
[2938]	1340	!
[4309]	1341	!-- Turbulence generation at left and/or right boundary
[2938]	1342	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left .OR. myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[2259]	1343	!
[4022]	1344	!-- Calculate new set of perturbations. Do this only at last RK3-substep and
	1345	!-- when dt_stg_call is exceeded. Else the old set of perturbations is
	1346	!-- imposed
	1347	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
	1348
[4438]	1349	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1350	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1351	!
	1352	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1353	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1354	fu_yz(k,j) = fuo_yz(k,j)
	1355	ELSE
	1356	fu_yz(k,j) = fu_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1357	fuo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
	1358	ENDIF
	1359
	1360	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1361	fv_yz(k,j) = fvo_yz(k,j)
	1362	ELSE
	1363	fv_yz(k,j) = fv_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
	1364	fvo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
	1365	ENDIF
	1366
	1367	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1368	fw_yz(k,j) = fwo_yz(k,j)
	1369	ELSE
	1370	fw_yz(k,j) = fw_yz(k,j) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
	1371	fwo_yz(k,j) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
	1372	ENDIF
	1373	ENDDO
	1374	ENDDO
	1375
	1376	dist_yz(nzb,:,1) = 0.0_wp
	1377	dist_yz(nzb,:,2) = 0.0_wp
	1378	dist_yz(nzb,:,3) = 0.0_wp
	1379
	1380	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1381	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4438]	1382	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1383	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	1384	!
	1385	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1386	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1387	dist_yz(k,j,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_yz(k,j), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1388	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1389	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[4022]	1390	ENDDO
	1391	ENDDO
[4309]	1392
[4022]	1393	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1394	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4438]	1395	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1396	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	1397	!
	1398	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1399	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1400	!-- experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1401	dist_yz(k,j,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1402	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1403	* ( a21(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
[4022]	1404	+ a22(k) * fv_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1405	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1406	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[3347]	1407	dist_yz(k,j,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1408	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1409	* ( a31(k) * fu_yz(k,j) &
	1410	+ a32(k) * fv_yz(k,j) &
[4022]	1411	+ a33(k) * fw_yz(k,j) ), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1412	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1413	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1414	ENDDO
[2259]	1415	ENDDO
[4022]	1416	ENDIF
[2259]	1417	!
	1418	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1419	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
[4022]	1420	!-- inflow boundary. First, calculate mean value of the imposed
	1421	!-- perturbations at yz boundary.
	1422	!-- Note, this needs to be done only after the last RK3-substep, else
	1423	!-- the boundary values won't be accessed.
	1424	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1425	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1426	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1427	!
	1428	!-- Sum up the original volume flows (with and without perturbations).
	1429	!-- Note, for non-normal components (here v and w) it is actually no
	1430	!-- volume flow.
[2938]	1431	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1432	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
[4022]	1433
	1434	mc_factor_l(1) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,1) &
	1435	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1436	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) ) )
[4022]	1437
	1438	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1439	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1440
	1441	mc_factor_l(2) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,2) &
	1442	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1443	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nysv:nyn,i), 2 ) ) )
[4022]	1444	mc_factor_l(3) = SUM( dist_yz(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,3) &
	1445	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1446	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) ) )
[4022]	1447
[2938]	1448	#if defined( __parallel )
	1449	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
[4022]	1450	3, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
	1451	#else
	1452	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2938]	1453	#endif
[4022]	1454	!
	1455	!-- Calculate correction factor and force zero mean perturbations.
	1456	mc_factor = mc_factor / REAL( nr_non_topo_yz, KIND = wp )
	1457
	1458	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl
	1459	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1460
[4438]	1461	dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,1) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,1) - mc_factor(1) ) &
[4022]	1462	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4438]	1463	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 1 ) )
[4022]	1464
	1465
	1466	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) i = nxl-1
	1467	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) i = nxr+1
	1468
[4438]	1469	dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,2) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,2) - mc_factor(2) ) &
[4022]	1470	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4438]	1471	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 2 ) )
[4022]	1472
[4438]	1473	dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,3) = ( dist_yz(:,nys:nyn,3) - mc_factor(3) ) &
[4022]	1474	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4438]	1475	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,nys:nyn,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1476	!
[2938]	1477	!-- Add disturbances
	1478	IF ( myidx == id_stg_left ) THEN
[4022]	1479	!
	1480	!-- For the left boundary distinguish between mesoscale offline / self
	1481	!-- nesting and turbulent inflow at the left boundary only. In the latter
	1482	!-- case turbulence is imposed on the mean inflow profiles.
	1483	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
	1484	!
	1485	!-- Add disturbance at the inflow
[4438]	1486	DO j = nys, nyn
[4022]	1487	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1488	u(k,j,-nbgp+1:0) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,1) + &
	1489	dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1490	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1491	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
[4022]	1492	v(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = ( mean_inflow_profiles(k,2) + &
	1493	dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1494	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1495	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
[4022]	1496	w(k,j,-nbgp:-1) = dist_yz(k,j,3) &
	1497	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1498	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[4022]	1499	ENDDO
[2938]	1500	ENDDO
[4022]	1501	ELSE
	1502
	1503	DO j = nys, nyn
	1504	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1505	u(k,j,0) = ( u(k,j,0) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
	1506	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1507	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,0), 1 ) )
[4022]	1508	u(k,j,-1) = u(k,j,0)
	1509	v(k,j,-1) = ( v(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
	1510	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1511	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 2 ) )
[4022]	1512	w(k,j,-1) = ( w(k,j,-1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
	1513	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1514	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,-1), 3 ) )
[4022]	1515	ENDDO
	1516	ENDDO
	1517	ENDIF
[2938]	1518	ENDIF
	1519	IF ( myidx == id_stg_right ) THEN
[3186]	1520	DO j = nys, nyn
[3347]	1521	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
[3186]	1522	u(k,j,nxr+1) = ( u(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,1) ) &
[4022]	1523	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1524	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 1 ) )
[3186]	1525	v(k,j,nxr+1) = ( v(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,2) ) &
[4022]	1526	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1527	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 2 ) )
[3186]	1528	w(k,j,nxr+1) = ( w(k,j,nxr+1) + dist_yz(k,j,3) ) &
[4022]	1529	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1530	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,nxr+1), 3 ) )
[2938]	1531	ENDDO
	1532	ENDDO
	1533	ENDIF
	1534	ENDIF
	1535	ENDIF
	1536	!
	1537	!-- Turbulence generation at north and south boundary
	1538	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north .OR. myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
	1539	!
[4022]	1540	!-- Calculate new set of perturbations. Do this only at last RK3-substep and
	1541	!-- when dt_stg_call is exceeded. Else the old set of perturbations is
	1542	!-- imposed
	1543	IF ( stg_call ) THEN
[4438]	1544	DO i = nxl, nxr
[4022]	1545	DO k = nzb, nzt + 1
	1546	!
	1547	!-- Update fu, fv, fw following Eq. 14 of Xie and Castro (2008)
	1548	IF ( tu(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1549	fu_xz(k,i) = fuo_xz(k,i)
	1550	ELSE
	1551	fu_xz(k,i) = fu_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tu(k) ) + &
	1552	fuo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tu(k) ) )
	1553	ENDIF
	1554
	1555	IF ( tv(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1556	fv_xz(k,i) = fvo_xz(k,i)
	1557	ELSE
	1558	fv_xz(k,i) = fv_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tv(k) ) + &
	1559	fvo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tv(k) ) )
	1560	ENDIF
	1561
	1562	IF ( tw(k) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1563	fw_xz(k,i) = fwo_xz(k,i)
	1564	ELSE
	1565	fw_xz(k,i) = fw_xz(k,i) * EXP( -pi * dt_stg * 0.5_wp / tw(k) ) + &
	1566	fwo_xz(k,i) * SQRT( 1.0_wp - EXP( -pi * dt_stg / tw(k) ) )
	1567	ENDIF
	1568	ENDDO
	1569	ENDDO
	1570
	1571
	1572	dist_xz(nzb,:,1) = 0.0_wp
	1573	dist_xz(nzb,:,2) = 0.0_wp
	1574	dist_xz(nzb,:,3) = 0.0_wp
	1575
	1576	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1577	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4438]	1578	DO i = nxl, nxr
[4022]	1579	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	1580	!
	1581	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1582	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1583	!experimental test of 1.2
[3347]	1584	dist_xz(k,i,2) = MIN( ( SQRT( a22(k) / MAXVAL(a22) ) &
	1585	* 1.2_wp ) &
	1586	* ( a21(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
[4022]	1587	+ a22(k) * fv_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1588	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1589	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
[4022]	1590	ENDDO
	1591	ENDDO
	1592
	1593	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1594	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
[4438]	1595	DO i = nxl, nxr
[4022]	1596	DO k = nzb+1, nzt + 1
	1597	!
	1598	!-- Lund rotation following Eq. 17 in Xie and Castro (2008).
	1599	!-- Additional factors are added to improve the variance of v and w
	1600	dist_xz(k,i,1) = MIN( a11(k) * fu_xz(k,i), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1601	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1602	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
[4022]	1603
[3347]	1604	dist_xz(k,i,3) = MIN( ( SQRT(a33(k) / MAXVAL(a33) ) &
	1605	* 1.3_wp ) &
	1606	* ( a31(k) * fu_xz(k,i) &
	1607	+ a32(k) * fv_xz(k,i) &
[4022]	1608	+ a33(k) * fw_xz(k,i) ), 3.0_wp ) * &
	1609	MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1610	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1611	ENDDO
[2938]	1612	ENDDO
[4022]	1613	ENDIF
[3347]	1614
[2938]	1615	!
	1616	!-- Mass flux correction following Kim et al. (2013)
	1617	!-- This correction factor insures that the mass flux is preserved at the
[4022]	1618	!-- inflow boundary. First, calculate mean value of the imposed
	1619	!-- perturbations at yz boundary.
	1620	!-- Note, this needs to be done only after the last RK3-substep, else
	1621	!-- the boundary values won't be accessed.
	1622	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1623	mc_factor_l = 0.0_wp
	1624	mc_factor = 0.0_wp
	1625
	1626	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1627	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1628
	1629	mc_factor_l(2) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxl:nxr,2) &
	1630	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1631	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) ) )
[4022]	1632
	1633	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1634	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1635
	1636	mc_factor_l(1) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxlu:nxr,1) &
	1637	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1638	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxlu:nxr), 1 ) ) )
[4022]	1639	mc_factor_l(3) = SUM( dist_xz(nzb:nzt,nxl:nxr,3) &
	1640	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1641	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(nzb:nzt,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) ) )
[4022]	1642
[2938]	1643	#if defined( __parallel )
[4022]	1644	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mc_factor_l, mc_factor, &
	1645	3, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
	1646	#else
	1647	mc_factor = mc_factor_l
[2938]	1648	#endif
[4022]	1649
	1650	mc_factor = mc_factor / REAL( nr_non_topo_xz, KIND = wp )
	1651
	1652	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys
	1653	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1654
[4438]	1655	dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,2) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,2) - mc_factor(2) ) &
[4022]	1656	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4438]	1657	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 2 ) )
[4022]	1658
	1659
	1660	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) j = nys-1
	1661	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) j = nyn+1
	1662
[4438]	1663	dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,1) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,1) - mc_factor(1) ) &
[4022]	1664	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4438]	1665	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 1 ) )
[4022]	1666
[4438]	1667	dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,3) = ( dist_xz(:,nxl:nxr,3) - mc_factor(3) ) &
[4022]	1668	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4438]	1669	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(:,j,nxl:nxr), 3 ) )
[4022]	1670	!
	1671	!-- Add disturbances
	1672	IF ( myidy == id_stg_south ) THEN
	1673	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1674	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1675	u(k,-1,i) = ( u(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1676	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1677	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,-1,i), 1 ) )
[4022]	1678	v(k,0,i) = ( v(k,0,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1679	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1680	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,0,i), 2 ) )
[4022]	1681	v(k,-1,i) = v(k,0,i)
	1682	w(k,-1,i) = ( w(k,-1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1683	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1684	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,-1,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1685	ENDDO
[2938]	1686	ENDDO
[4022]	1687	ENDIF
	1688	IF ( myidy == id_stg_north ) THEN
	1689
	1690	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1691	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
	1692	u(k,nyn+1,i) = ( u(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,1) ) &
	1693	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1694	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 1 ) )
[4022]	1695	v(k,nyn+1,i) = ( v(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,2) ) &
	1696	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1697	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 2 ) )
[4022]	1698	w(k,nyn+1,i) = ( w(k,nyn+1,i) + dist_xz(k,i,3) ) &
	1699	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[4346]	1700	BTEST( wall_flags_total_0(k,nyn+1,i), 3 ) )
[4022]	1701	ENDDO
[2938]	1702	ENDDO
[4022]	1703	ENDIF
[2938]	1704	ENDIF
[2259]	1705	ENDIF
[3347]	1706	!
[4438]	1707	!-- Exchange ghost points.
	1708	CALL exchange_horiz( u, nbgp )
	1709	CALL exchange_horiz( v, nbgp )
	1710	CALL exchange_horiz( w, nbgp )
	1711	!
[3347]	1712	!-- Finally, set time counter for calling STG to zero
[4022]	1713	IF ( stg_call ) time_stg_call = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1714
[3987]	1715	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_main', 'end' )
	1716
[2259]	1717	END SUBROUTINE stg_main
	1718
	1719	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1720	! Description:
	1721	! ------------
	1722	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1723	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1724	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in x-direction and
	1725	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1726	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1727	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4309]	1728	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz( n_y, n_z, b_y, b_z, f_n, id_left, id_right )
[2259]	1729
[4309]	1730	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_left !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1731	INTEGER(iwp), OPTIONAL :: id_right !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1732	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	1733	INTEGER(iwp) :: jj !< loop index in y-direction
	1734	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1735	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1736	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
[2259]	1737
	1738	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_y !< length scale in y-direction
	1739	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
	1740
	1741	REAL(wp) :: nyz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in yz-slice
	1742	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1743	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1744
[4438]	1745	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_y !< filter function in y-direction
	1746	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[4309]	1747
[4438]	1748	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nys:nyn) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1749	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nys:nyn) :: f_n !< velocity seed
[4309]	1750
	1751	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< global array of random numbers
[2259]	1752	!
[4309]	1753	!-- Generate random numbers using the parallel random generator.
[2259]	1754	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
[4309]	1755	!-- unit variance. Note, at the end the random number array must be defined
	1756	!-- globally in order to compute the correlation matrices. However,
	1757	!-- the calculation and normalization of random numbers is done locally,
	1758	!-- while the result is later distributed to all processes. Further,
	1759	!-- please note, a set of random numbers is only calculated for the
	1760	!-- left boundary, while the right boundary uses the same random numbers
	1761	!-- and thus also computes the same correlation matrix.
[4438]	1762	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp+nys:nyn+mergp) )
	1763	rand_it = 0.0_wp
[2259]	1764
	1765	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1766	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
[4438]	1767	nyz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt + 1 + mergp - ( nzb - mergp ) + 1 ) &
	1768	* ( ny + mergp - ( 0 - mergp ) + 1 ), &
	1769	KIND=wp )
[4309]	1770	!
[4438]	1771	!-- Compute and normalize random numbers.
	1772	DO j = nys - mergp, nyn + mergp
[4309]	1773	!
[4438]	1774	!-- Put the random seeds at grid point j
	1775	CALL random_seed_parallel( put=seq_rand_yz(:,j) )
	1776	DO k = nzb - mergp, nzt + 1 + mergp
	1777	CALL random_number_parallel( random_dummy )
	1778	rand_it(k,j) = random_dummy
	1779	ENDDO
[4309]	1780	!
[4438]	1781	!-- Get the new random seeds from last call at grid point j
	1782	CALL random_seed_parallel( get=seq_rand_yz(:,j) )
	1783	ENDDO
[4309]	1784	!
[4438]	1785	!-- For normalization to zero mean, sum-up the global random numers.
	1786	!-- To normalize the global set of random numbers,
	1787	!-- the inner ghost layers mergp must not be summed-up, else
	1788	!-- the random numbers on the ghost layers will be stronger weighted as they
	1789	!-- also occur on the inner subdomains.
	1790	DO j = MERGE( nys, nys - mergp, nys /= 0 ), &
	1791	MERGE( nyn, nyn + mergp, nyn /= ny )
	1792	DO k = nzb - mergp, nzt + 1 + mergp
	1793	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,j)
[2259]	1794	ENDDO
[4438]	1795	ENDDO
	1796
[4309]	1797	#if defined( __parallel )
	1798	!
[4438]	1799	!-- Sum-up the local averages of the random numbers
	1800	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_av, 1, MPI_REAL, &
	1801	MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
[4309]	1802	#endif
[4438]	1803	rand_av = rand_av * nyz_inv
[4309]	1804	!
[4438]	1805	!-- Obtain zero mean
	1806	rand_it= rand_it - rand_av
[4309]	1807	!
[4438]	1808	!-- Now, compute the variance
	1809	DO j = MERGE( nys, nys - mergp, nys /= 0 ), &
	1810	MERGE( nyn, nyn + mergp, nyn /= ny )
	1811	DO k = nzb - mergp, nzt + 1 + mergp
	1812	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,j)**2
[2259]	1813	ENDDO
[4438]	1814	ENDDO
[2259]	1815
[4309]	1816	#if defined( __parallel )
[2259]	1817	!
[4438]	1818	!-- Sum-up the local quadratic averages of the random numbers
	1819	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_sigma_inv, 1, MPI_REAL, &
	1820	MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
[4309]	1821	#endif
	1822	!
[4438]	1823	!-- Compute standard deviation
	1824	IF ( rand_sigma_inv /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1825	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT( rand_sigma_inv * nyz_inv )
	1826	ELSE
	1827	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp
[4309]	1828	ENDIF
	1829	!
[4438]	1830	!-- Normalize with standard deviation to obtain unit variance
	1831	rand_it = rand_it * rand_sigma_inv
	1832
	1833	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'start' )
[4309]	1834	!
[4438]	1835	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008). There
	1836	!-- are two options. In the first one, the computation of the seeds is
	1837	!-- distributed to all processes along the communicator comm1dy and
	1838	!-- gathered on the leftmost and, if necessary, on the rightmost process.
	1839	!-- For huge length scales the computational effort can become quite huge
	1840	!-- (it scales with the turbulent length scales), so that gain by parallelization
	1841	!-- exceeds the costs by the subsequent communication.
	1842	!-- In the second option, which performs better when the turbulent length scales
	1843	!-- are parametrized and thus the loops are smaller, the seeds are computed
	1844	!-- locally and no communication is necessary.
	1845	IF ( compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN
	1846
	1847	f_n = 0.0_wp
	1848	DO j = nys, nyn
	1849	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	1850	DO jj = -n_y(k), n_y(k)
	1851	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	1852	f_n(k,j) = f_n(k,j) + b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1853	ENDDO
	1854	ENDDO
	1855	ENDDO
[2259]	1856	ENDDO
	1857
[4438]	1858	ELSE
[2259]	1859
[4438]	1860	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	1861	DO j = nys, nyn
	1862	DO k = nzb_x_stg, nzt_x_stg+1
	1863	DO jj = -n_y(k), n_y(k)
	1864	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	1865	f_n_l(k,j) = f_n_l(k,j) + b_y(jj,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,j+jj)
	1866	ENDDO
[2259]	1867	ENDDO
	1868	ENDDO
	1869	ENDDO
	1870	!
[4438]	1871	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	1872	send_count = nzt_x_stg - nzb_x_stg + 1
	1873	IF ( nzt_x_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2259]	1874
	1875	#if defined( __parallel )
[4309]	1876	!
[4438]	1877	!-- Gather the velocity seed matrix on left boundary mpi ranks.
	1878	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nys), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
	1879	f_n(nzb+1,nys), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz,&
	1880	id_left, comm1dx, ierr )
[4309]	1881	!
[4438]	1882	!-- If required, gather the same velocity seed matrix on right boundary
	1883	!-- mpi ranks (in offline nesting for example).
	1884	IF ( PRESENT( id_right ) ) THEN
	1885	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_x_stg,nys), send_count, stg_type_yz_small, &
	1886	f_n(nzb+1,nys), recv_count_yz, displs_yz, stg_type_yz,&
	1887	id_right, comm1dx, ierr )
	1888	ENDIF
[2259]	1889	#else
[4438]	1890	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nys:nyn) = f_n_l(nzb_x_stg:nzt_x_stg+1,nys:nyn)
[2259]	1891	#endif
	1892
[4438]	1893	ENDIF
[2259]	1894
[4438]	1895	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	1896
	1897	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'stop' )
	1898
[2259]	1899	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_yz
	1900
[2938]	1901
	1902	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1903	! Description:
	1904	! ------------
	1905	!> Generate a set of random number rand_it wich is equal on each PE
	1906	!> and calculate the velocity seed f_n.
	1907	!> f_n is splitted in vertical direction by the number of PEs in y-direction and
	1908	!> and each PE calculates a vertical subsection of f_n. At the the end, all
	1909	!> parts are collected to form the full array.
	1910	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4309]	1911	SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz( n_x, n_z, b_x, b_z, f_n, id_south, id_north )
[2938]	1912
	1913	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
[4309]	1914	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_north !< core ids at respective boundaries
	1915	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_south !< core ids at respective boundaries
[2938]	1916	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< loop index in x-direction
	1917	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	1918	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< loop index in z-direction
	1919	INTEGER(iwp) :: send_count !< send count for MPI_GATHERV
	1920
	1921	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_x !< length scale in x-direction
	1922	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: n_z !< length scale in z-direction
	1923
	1924	REAL(wp) :: nxz_inv !< inverse of number of grid points in xz-slice
	1925	REAL(wp) :: rand_av !< average of random number
	1926	REAL(wp) :: rand_sigma_inv !< inverse of stdev of random number
	1927
[4438]	1928	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_x !< filter function in x-direction
	1929	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(-mergp:mergp,nzb:nzt+1) :: b_z !< filter function in z-direction
[4309]	1930
[4438]	1931	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxl:nxr) :: f_n_l !< local velocity seed
	1932	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) :: f_n !< velocity seed
[2938]	1933
[4309]	1934	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: rand_it !< global array of random numbers
[2938]	1935
	1936	!
[4309]	1937	!-- Generate random numbers using the parallel random generator.
[2938]	1938	!-- The set of random numbers are modified to have an average of 0 and
[4309]	1939	!-- unit variance. Note, at the end the random number array must be defined
	1940	!-- globally in order to compute the correlation matrices. However,
	1941	!-- the calculation and normalization of random numbers is done locally,
	1942	!-- while the result is later distributed to all processes. Further,
	1943	!-- please note, a set of random numbers is only calculated for the
	1944	!-- left boundary, while the right boundary uses the same random numbers
	1945	!-- and thus also computes the same correlation matrix.
[4438]	1946	ALLOCATE( rand_it(nzb-mergp:nzt+1+mergp,-mergp+nxl:nxr+mergp) )
	1947	rand_it = 0.0_wp
[2938]	1948
	1949	rand_av = 0.0_wp
	1950	rand_sigma_inv = 0.0_wp
[4438]	1951	nxz_inv = 1.0_wp / REAL( ( nzt + 1 + mergp - ( nzb - mergp ) + 1 ) &
	1952	* ( nx + mergp - ( 0 - mergp ) +1 ), &
	1953	KIND=wp )
[4309]	1954	!
[4438]	1955	!-- Compute and normalize random numbers.
	1956	DO i = nxl - mergp, nxr + mergp
[4309]	1957	!
[4438]	1958	!-- Put the random seeds at grid point ii
	1959	CALL random_seed_parallel( put=seq_rand_xz(:,i) )
	1960	DO k = nzb - mergp, nzt + 1 + mergp
	1961	CALL random_number_parallel( random_dummy )
	1962	rand_it(k,i) = random_dummy
	1963	ENDDO
[4309]	1964	!
[4438]	1965	!-- Get the new random seeds from last call at grid point ii
	1966	CALL random_seed_parallel( get=seq_rand_xz(:,i) )
	1967	ENDDO
[4309]	1968	!
[4438]	1969	!-- For normalization to zero mean, sum-up the global random numers.
	1970	!-- To normalize the global set of random numbers,
	1971	!-- the inner ghost layers mergp must not be summed-up, else
	1972	!-- the random numbers on the ghost layers will be stronger weighted as they
	1973	!-- also occur on the inner subdomains.
	1974	DO i = MERGE( nxl, nxl - mergp, nxl /= 0 ), &
	1975	MERGE( nxr, nxr + mergp, nxr /= nx )
	1976	DO k = nzb - mergp, nzt + 1 + mergp
	1977	rand_av = rand_av + rand_it(k,i)
[2938]	1978	ENDDO
[4438]	1979	ENDDO
	1980
[4309]	1981	#if defined( __parallel )
[4438]	1982	!
	1983	!-- Sum-up the local averages of the random numbers
	1984	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_av, 1, MPI_REAL, &
	1985	MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[4309]	1986	#endif
[4438]	1987	rand_av = rand_av * nxz_inv
[4309]	1988	!
[4438]	1989	!-- Obtain zero mean
	1990	rand_it= rand_it - rand_av
[4309]	1991	!
[4438]	1992	!-- Now, compute the variance
	1993	DO i = MERGE( nxl, nxl - mergp, nxl /= 0 ), &
	1994	MERGE( nxr, nxr + mergp, nxr /= nx )
	1995	DO k = nzb - mergp, nzt + 1 + mergp
	1996	rand_sigma_inv = rand_sigma_inv + rand_it(k,i)**2
[2938]	1997	ENDDO
[4438]	1998	ENDDO
[2938]	1999
[4309]	2000	#if defined( __parallel )
[4438]	2001	!
	2002	!-- Sum-up the local quadratic averages of the random numbers
	2003	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, rand_sigma_inv, 1, MPI_REAL, &
	2004	MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
[4309]	2005	#endif
[2938]	2006	!
[4438]	2007	!-- Compute standard deviation
	2008	IF ( rand_sigma_inv /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	2009	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp / SQRT( rand_sigma_inv * nxz_inv )
	2010	ELSE
	2011	rand_sigma_inv = 1.0_wp
[4309]	2012	ENDIF
	2013	!
[4438]	2014	!-- Normalize with standard deviation to obtain unit variance
	2015	rand_it = rand_it * rand_sigma_inv
	2016
	2017	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'start' )
[4309]	2018	!
[4438]	2019	!-- Generate velocity seed following Eq.6 of Xie and Castro (2008). There
	2020	!-- are two options. In the first one, the computation of the seeds is
	2021	!-- distributed to all processes along the communicator comm1dx and
	2022	!-- gathered on the southmost and, if necessary, on the northmost process.
	2023	!-- For huge length scales the computational effort can become quite huge
	2024	!-- (it scales with the turbulent length scales), so that gain by parallelization
	2025	!-- exceeds the costs by the subsequent communication.
	2026	!-- In the second option, which performs better when the turbulent length scales
	2027	!-- are parametrized and thus the loops are smaller, the seeds are computed
	2028	!-- locally and no communication is necessary.
	2029	IF ( compute_velocity_seeds_local ) THEN
[2938]	2030
[4438]	2031	f_n = 0.0_wp
	2032	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2033	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
	2034	DO ii = -n_x(k), n_x(k)
	2035	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	2036	f_n(k,i) = f_n(k,i) + b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	2037	ENDDO
[2938]	2038	ENDDO
	2039	ENDDO
	2040	ENDDO
	2041
[4438]	2042	ELSE
[2938]	2043
[4438]	2044	f_n_l = 0.0_wp
	2045	DO i = nxl, nxr
	2046	DO k = nzb_y_stg, nzt_y_stg+1
	2047	DO ii = -n_x(k), n_x(k)
	2048	DO kk = -n_z(k), n_z(k)
	2049	f_n_l(k,i) = f_n_l(k,i) + b_x(ii,k) * b_z(kk,k) * rand_it(k+kk,i+ii)
	2050	ENDDO
	2051	ENDDO
	2052	ENDDO
	2053	ENDDO
[2938]	2054	!
[4438]	2055	!-- Gather velocity seeds of full subdomain
	2056	send_count = nzt_y_stg - nzb_y_stg + 1
	2057	IF ( nzt_y_stg == nzt ) send_count = send_count + 1
[2938]	2058
	2059	#if defined( __parallel )
[4309]	2060	!
[4438]	2061	!-- Gather the processed velocity seed on south boundary mpi ranks.
	2062	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxl), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
	2063	f_n(nzb+1,nxl), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
	2064	id_south, comm1dy, ierr )
[4309]	2065	!
[4438]	2066	!-- Gather the processed velocity seed on north boundary mpi ranks.
	2067	CALL MPI_GATHERV( f_n_l(nzb_y_stg,nxl), send_count, stg_type_xz_small, &
	2068	f_n(nzb+1,nxl), recv_count_xz, displs_xz, stg_type_xz, &
	2069	id_north, comm1dy, ierr )
[2938]	2070	#else
[4438]	2071	f_n(nzb+1:nzt+1,nxl:nxr) = f_n_l(nzb_y_stg:nzt_y_stg+1,nxl:nxr)
[2938]	2072	#endif
	2073
[4438]	2074	ENDIF
	2075
	2076	DEALLOCATE( rand_it )
	2077
	2078	CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(31), 'STG f_n factors', 'stop' )
	2079
[2938]	2080	END SUBROUTINE stg_generate_seed_xz
	2081
[3347]	2082	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2083	! Description:
	2084	! ------------
	2085	!> Parametrization of the Reynolds stress tensor, following the parametrization
	2086	!> described in Rotach et al. (1996), which is applied in state-of-the-art
	2087	!> dispserion modelling. Please note, the parametrization does not distinguish
	2088	!> between along-wind and cross-wind turbulence.
	2089	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2090	SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	2091
	2092	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2093
	2094	REAL(wp) :: zzi !< ratio of z/zi
	2095
	2096	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	2097	!
[4022]	2098	!-- Calculate function to gradually decrease Reynolds stress above ABL top.
	2099	!-- The function decreases to 1/10 after one length scale above the
	2100	!-- ABL top.
	2101	blend = MIN( 1.0_wp, EXP( d_l * zu(k) - d_l * zi_ribulk ) )
[3347]	2102	!
[4022]	2103	!-- Determine normalized height coordinate
	2104	zzi = zu(k) / zi_ribulk
[3347]	2105	!
[4022]	2106	!-- u'u' and v'v'. Assume isotropy. Note, add a small negative number
[4438]	2107	!-- to the denominator, else the mergpe-function can crash if scale_l is
[4022]	2108	!-- zero.
	2109	r11(k) = scale_us*2 ( &
	2110	MERGE( 0.35_wp * ABS( &
	2111	- zi_ribulk / ( kappa * scale_l - 10E-4_wp ) &
	2112	)**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ), &
	2113	0.0_wp, &
	2114	scale_l < 0.0_wp ) &
	2115	+ 5.0_wp - 4.0_wp * zzi &
	2116	) * blend
	2117
	2118	r22(k) = r11(k)
	2119	!
	2120	!-- w'w'
	2121	r33(k) = scale_wm*2 ( &
	2122	1.5_wp * zzi*( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) EXP( -2.0_wp * zzi ) &
	2123	+ ( 1.7_wp - zzi ) * ( scale_us / scale_wm )**2 &
	2124	) * blend
	2125	!
	2126	!-- u'w' and v'w'. Assume isotropy.
	2127	r31(k) = - scale_us*2 ( 1.01_wp - MIN( zzi, 1.0_wp ) ) * blend
	2128	r32(k) = r31(k)
[3347]	2129	!
[4022]	2130	!-- For u'v' no parametrization exist so far - ?. For simplicity assume
	2131	!-- a similar profile as for u'w'.
	2132	r21(k) = r31(k)
[3347]	2133	ENDDO
	2134
	2135	!
	2136	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	2137	r11(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	2138	r22(nzb) = r22(nzb+1)
	2139	r33(nzb) = r33(nzb+1)
	2140
	2141	r21(nzb) = r11(nzb+1)
	2142	r31(nzb) = r31(nzb+1)
	2143	r32(nzb) = r32(nzb+1)
	2144
	2145
	2146	END SUBROUTINE parametrize_reynolds_stress
	2147
	2148	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2149	! Description:
	2150	! ------------
	2151	!> Calculate the coefficient matrix from the Lund rotation.
	2152	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2153	SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	2154
	2155	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2156
	2157	!
	2158	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix. Split loops to allow for loop vectorization.
	2159	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
[4022]	2160	IF ( r11(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[3347]	2161	a11(k) = SQRT( r11(k) )
	2162	a21(k) = r21(k) / a11(k)
	2163	a31(k) = r31(k) / a11(k)
	2164	ELSE
	2165	a11(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2166	a21(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2167	a31(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2168	ENDIF
	2169	ENDDO
	2170	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	2171	a22(k) = r22(k) - a21(k)**2
[4022]	2172	IF ( a22(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[3347]	2173	a22(k) = SQRT( a22(k) )
	2174	a32(k) = r32(k) - a21(k) * a31(k) / a22(k)
	2175	ELSE
	2176	a22(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2177	a32(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2178	ENDIF
	2179	ENDDO
	2180	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	2181	a33(k) = r33(k) - a31(k)2 - a32(k)2
[4022]	2182	IF ( a33(k) > 10E-6_wp ) THEN
[3347]	2183	a33(k) = SQRT( a33(k) )
	2184	ELSE
	2185	a33(k) = 10E-8_wp
	2186	ENDIF
	2187	ENDDO
	2188	!
	2189	!-- Set bottom boundary condition
	2190	a11(nzb) = a11(nzb+1)
	2191	a22(nzb) = a22(nzb+1)
	2192	a21(nzb) = a21(nzb+1)
	2193	a33(nzb) = a33(nzb+1)
	2194	a31(nzb) = a31(nzb+1)
	2195	a32(nzb) = a32(nzb+1)
	2196
	2197	END SUBROUTINE calc_coeff_matrix
	2198
	2199	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2200	! Description:
	2201	! ------------
	2202	!> This routine controls the re-adjustment of the turbulence statistics used
	2203	!> for generating turbulence at the lateral boundaries.
	2204	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2205	SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	2206
[3987]	2207	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'start' )
[3347]	2208	!
[4022]	2209	!-- In case of dirichlet inflow boundary conditions only at one lateral
	2210	!-- boundary, i.e. in the case no offline or self nesting is applied but
	2211	!-- synthetic turbulence shall be parametrized nevertheless, the
	2212	!-- boundary-layer depth need to determined first.
	2213	IF ( .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. .NOT. child_domain ) &
	2214	CALL nesting_offl_calc_zi
	2215	!
	2216	!-- Compute scaling parameters (domain-averaged), such as friction velocity
	2217	!-- are calculated.
[3347]	2218	CALL calc_scaling_variables
	2219	!
	2220	!-- Set length and time scales depending on boundary-layer height
	2221	CALL calc_length_and_time_scale
	2222	!
	2223	!-- Parametrize Reynolds-stress tensor, diagonal elements as well
	2224	!-- as r21 (v'u'), r31 (w'u'), r32 (w'v'). Parametrization follows
	2225	!-- Rotach et al. (1996) and is based on boundary-layer depth,
	2226	!-- friction velocity and velocity scale.
	2227	CALL parametrize_reynolds_stress
	2228	!
	2229	!-- Calculate coefficient matrix from Reynolds stress tensor
	2230	!-- (Lund rotation)
	2231	CALL calc_coeff_matrix
	2232	!
	2233	!-- Determine filter functions on basis of updated length scales
	2234	CALL stg_filter_func( nux, bux ) !filter ux
	2235	CALL stg_filter_func( nuy, buy ) !filter uy
	2236	CALL stg_filter_func( nuz, buz ) !filter uz
	2237	CALL stg_filter_func( nvx, bvx ) !filter vx
	2238	CALL stg_filter_func( nvy, bvy ) !filter vy
	2239	CALL stg_filter_func( nvz, bvz ) !filter vz
	2240	CALL stg_filter_func( nwx, bwx ) !filter wx
	2241	CALL stg_filter_func( nwy, bwy ) !filter wy
	2242	CALL stg_filter_func( nwz, bwz ) !filter wz
	2243	!
	2244	!-- Reset time counter for controlling next adjustment to zero
	2245	time_stg_adjust = 0.0_wp
[3987]	2246
	2247	IF ( debug_output_timestep ) CALL debug_message( 'stg_adjust', 'end' )
[3347]	2248
	2249	END SUBROUTINE stg_adjust
	2250
	2251
	2252	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2253	! Description:
	2254	! ------------
	2255	!> Calculates turbuluent length and time scales if these are not available
	2256	!> from measurements.
	2257	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2258	SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	2259
[4022]	2260	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
[3347]	2261
[4022]	2262	REAL(wp) :: length_scale_dum !< effectively used length scale
	2263
[3347]	2264	!
	2265	!-- In initial call the boundary-layer depth can be zero. This case, set
	2266	!-- minimum value for boundary-layer depth, to setup length scales correctly.
	2267	zi_ribulk = MAX( zi_ribulk, zw(nzb+2) )
	2268	!
	2269	!-- Set-up default turbulent length scales. From the numerical point of
	2270	!-- view the imposed perturbations should not be immediately dissipated
	2271	!-- by the numerics. The numerical dissipation, however, acts on scales
	2272	!-- up to 8 x the grid spacing. For this reason, set the turbulence
	2273	!-- length scale to 8 time the grid spacing. Further, above the boundary
	2274	!-- layer height, set turbulence lenght scales to zero (equivalent to not
	2275	!-- imposing any perturbations) in order to save computational costs.
	2276	!-- Typical time scales are derived by assuming Taylors's hypothesis,
	2277	!-- using the length scales and the mean profiles of u- and v-component.
	2278	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
	2279	!
[4022]	2280	!-- Determine blending parameter. Within the boundary layer length scales
	2281	!-- are constant, while above lengths scales approach gradully zero,
	2282	!-- i.e. imposed turbulence is not correlated in space and time,
	2283	!-- just white noise, which saves computations power as the loops for the
	2284	!-- computation of the filter functions depend on the length scales.
	2285	!-- The value decreases to 1/10 after one length scale above the
	2286	!-- ABL top.
	2287	blend = MIN( 1.0_wp, EXP( d_l * zu(k) - d_l * zi_ribulk ) )
[3347]	2288	!
[4022]	2289	!-- Assume isotropic turbulence length scales
	2290	nux(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 ) * blend
[4438]	2291	nuy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 ) * blend
[4022]	2292	nvx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 ) * blend
[4438]	2293	nvy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 ) * blend
[4022]	2294	nwx(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddx ), 1 ) * blend
[4438]	2295	nwy(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale * ddy ), 1 ) * blend
[3347]	2296	!
[4022]	2297	!-- Along the vertical direction limit the length scale further by the
	2298	!-- boundary-layer depth to assure that no length scales larger than
	2299	!-- the boundary-layer depth are used
	2300	length_scale_dum = MIN( length_scale, zi_ribulk )
	2301
	2302	nuz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_dum * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) * blend
	2303	nvz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_dum * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) * blend
	2304	nwz(k) = MAX( INT( length_scale_dum * ddzw(k) ), 1 ) * blend
[3347]	2305	!
[4022]	2306	!-- Limit time scales, else they become very larger for low wind speed,
	2307	!-- imposing long-living inflow perturbations which in turn propagate
	2308	!-- further into the model domain. Use u_init and v_init to calculate
	2309	!-- the time scales, which will be equal to the inflow profiles, both,
	2310	!-- in offline nesting mode or in dirichlet/radiation mode.
	2311	tu(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	2312	( ABS( u_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) ) * blend
	2313	tv(k) = MIN( dt_stg_adjust, length_scale / &
	2314	( ABS( v_init(k) ) + 0.1_wp ) ) * blend
	2315	!
	2316	!-- Time scale of w-component is a mixture from u- and v-component.
	2317	tw(k) = SQRT( tu(k)2 + tv(k)2 ) * blend
	2318
[3347]	2319	ENDDO
	2320	!
	2321	!-- Set bottom boundary condition for the length and time scales
	2322	nux(nzb) = nux(nzb+1)
	2323	nuy(nzb) = nuy(nzb+1)
	2324	nuz(nzb) = nuz(nzb+1)
	2325	nvx(nzb) = nvx(nzb+1)
	2326	nvy(nzb) = nvy(nzb+1)
	2327	nvz(nzb) = nvz(nzb+1)
	2328	nwx(nzb) = nwx(nzb+1)
	2329	nwy(nzb) = nwy(nzb+1)
	2330	nwz(nzb) = nwz(nzb+1)
	2331
	2332	tu(nzb) = tu(nzb+1)
	2333	tv(nzb) = tv(nzb+1)
	2334	tw(nzb) = tw(nzb+1)
	2335
	2336
	2337	END SUBROUTINE calc_length_and_time_scale
	2338
	2339	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2340	! Description:
	2341	! ------------
	2342	!> Calculate scaling variables which are used for turbulence parametrization
	2343	!> according to Rotach et al. (1996). Scaling variables are: friction velocity,
	2344	!> boundary-layer depth, momentum velocity scale, and Obukhov length.
	2345	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	2346	SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2347
	2348	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index in x-direction
	2349	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index in y-direction
	2350	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index in z-direction
	2351	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< surface element index
	2352
	2353	REAL(wp) :: friction_vel_l !< mean friction veloctiy on subdomain
[3937]	2354	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point)
	2355	REAL(wp) :: pt_surf_mean_l !< mean near surface temperature (at 1st grid point) on subdomain
	2356	REAL(wp) :: scale_l_l !< mean Obukhov lenght on subdomain
[3347]	2357	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean !< mean surface sensible heat flux
	2358	REAL(wp) :: shf_mean_l !< mean surface sensible heat flux on subdomain
	2359	REAL(wp) :: w_convective !< convective velocity scale
	2360
	2361	!
[3937]	2362	!-- Calculate mean friction velocity, velocity scale, heat flux and
	2363	!-- near-surface temperature in the model domain.
	2364	pt_surf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2365	shf_mean_l = 0.0_wp
	2366	scale_l_l = 0.0_wp
	2367	friction_vel_l = 0.0_wp
[3347]	2368	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
[3937]	2369	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
	2370	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
	2371	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	2372	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_def_h(0)%us(m)
	2373	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2374	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_def_h(0)%ol(m)
	2375	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2376	ENDDO
	2377	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
[3937]	2378	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
	2379	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
	2380	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	2381	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_lsm_h%us(m)
	2382	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_lsm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2383	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_lsm_h%ol(m)
	2384	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2385	ENDDO
	2386	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
[3937]	2387	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
	2388	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
	2389	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	2390	friction_vel_l = friction_vel_l + surf_usm_h%us(m)
	2391	shf_mean_l = shf_mean_l + surf_usm_h%shf(m) * drho_air(k)
	2392	scale_l_l = scale_l_l + surf_usm_h%ol(m)
	2393	pt_surf_mean_l = pt_surf_mean_l + pt(k,j,i)
[3347]	2394	ENDDO
	2395
	2396	#if defined( __parallel )
[3937]	2397	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( friction_vel_l, scale_us, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
[3347]	2398	comm2d, ierr )
[3937]	2399	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( shf_mean_l, shf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
[3347]	2400	comm2d, ierr )
[3937]	2401	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( scale_l_l, scale_l, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2402	comm2d, ierr )
	2403	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( pt_surf_mean_l, pt_surf_mean, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	2404	comm2d, ierr )
[3347]	2405	#else
[3937]	2406	scale_us = friction_vel_l
	2407	shf_mean = shf_mean_l
	2408	scale_l = scale_l_l
	2409	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean_l
[3347]	2410	#endif
	2411
[3937]	2412	scale_us = scale_us / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2413	shf_mean = shf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2414	scale_l = scale_l / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
	2415	pt_surf_mean = pt_surf_mean / REAL( ( nx + 1 ) * ( ny + 1 ), KIND = wp )
[3347]	2416	!
	2417	!-- Compute mean convective velocity scale. Note, in case the mean heat flux
	2418	!-- is negative, set convective velocity scale to zero.
	2419	IF ( shf_mean > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3937]	2420	w_convective = ( g * shf_mean * zi_ribulk / pt_surf_mean )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
[3347]	2421	ELSE
	2422	w_convective = 0.0_wp
	2423	ENDIF
	2424	!
	2425	!-- Finally, in order to consider also neutral or stable stratification,
	2426	!-- compute momentum velocity scale from u* and convective velocity scale,
	2427	!-- according to Rotach et al. (1996).
	2428	scale_wm = ( scale_us*3 + 0.6_wp w_convective3 )( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp )
	2429
	2430	END SUBROUTINE calc_scaling_variables
	2431
[2259]	2432	END MODULE synthetic_turbulence_generator_mod

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Download in other formats:

| Impressum | ©Leibniz Universität Hannover |