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salsa_mod.f90 @ 4255

Last change on this file since 4255 was 4255, checked in by monakurppa, 4 years ago
Bug corrected in salsa_mod in writing the run control
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1	!> @file salsa_mod.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM-4U.
4	!
5	! PALM-4U is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM-4U is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 2018-2019 University of Helsinki
18	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
19	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
20	!
21	! Current revisions:
22	! -----------------
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: salsa_mod.f90 4255 2019-10-04 11:50:55Z monakurppa $
28	! implement new palm_date_time_mod
29	!
30	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
31	! Netcdf input routine for dimension length renamed
32	!
33	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
34	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
35	!
36	! 4167 2019-08-16 11:01:48Z suehring
37	! Changed behaviour of masked output over surface to follow terrain and ignore
38	! buildings (J.Resler, T.Gronemeier)
39	!
40	! 4131 2019-08-02 11:06:18Z monakurppa
41	! - Add "salsa_" before each salsa output variable
42	! - Add a possibility to output the number (salsa_N_UFP) and mass concentration
43	! (salsa_PM0.1) of ultrafine particles, i.e. particles with a diameter smaller
44	! than 100 nm
45	! - Implement aerosol emission mode "parameterized" which is based on the street
46	! type (similar to the chemistry module).
47	! - Remove unnecessary nucleation subroutines.
48	! - Add the z-dimension for gaseous emissions to correspond the implementation
49	! in the chemistry module
50	!
51	! 4118 2019-07-25 16:11:45Z suehring
52	! - When Dirichlet condition is applied in decycling, the boundary conditions are
53	! only set at the ghost points and not at the prognostic grid points as done
54	! before
55	! - Rename decycle_ns/lr to decycle_salsa_ns/lr and decycle_method to
56	! decycle_method_salsa
57	! - Allocation and initialization of special advection flags salsa_advc_flags_s
58	! used for salsa. These are exclusively used for salsa variables to
59	! distinguish from the usually-used flags which might be different when
60	! decycling is applied in combination with cyclic boundary conditions.
61	! Moreover, salsa_advc_flags_s considers extended zones around buildings where
62	! the first-order upwind scheme is applied for the horizontal advection terms.
63	! This is done to overcome high concentration peaks due to stationary numerical
64	! oscillations caused by horizontal advection discretization.
65	!
66	! 4117 2019-07-25 08:54:02Z monakurppa
67	! Pass integer flag array as well as boundary flags to WS scalar advection
68	! routine
69	!
70	! 4109 2019-07-22 17:00:34Z suehring
71	! Slightly revise setting of boundary conditions at horizontal walls, use
72	! data-structure offset index instead of pre-calculate it for each facing
73	!
74	! 4079 2019-07-09 18:04:41Z suehring
75	! Application of monotonic flux limiter for the vertical scalar advection
76	! up to the topography top (only for the cache-optimized version at the
77	! moment).
78	!
79	! 4069 2019-07-01 14:05:51Z Giersch
80	! Masked output running index mid has been introduced as a local variable to
81	! avoid runtime error (Loop variable has been modified) in time_integration
82	!
83	! 4058 2019-06-27 15:25:42Z knoop
84	! Bugfix: to_be_resorted was uninitialized in case of s_H2O in 3d_data_averaging
85	!
86	! 4012 2019-05-31 15:19:05Z monakurppa
87	! Merge salsa branch to trunk. List of changes:
88	! - Error corrected in distr_update that resulted in the aerosol number size
89	! distribution not converging if the concentration was nclim.
90	! - Added a separate output for aerosol liquid water (s_H2O)
91	! - aerosol processes for a size bin are now calculated only if the aerosol
92	! number of concentration of that bin is > 2*nclim
93	! - An initialisation error in the subroutine "deposition" corrected and the
94	! subroutine reformatted.
95	! - stuff from salsa_util_mod.f90 moved into salsa_mod.f90
96	! - calls for closing the netcdf input files added
97	!
98	! 3956 2019-05-07 12:32:52Z monakurppa
99	! - Conceptual bug in depo_surf correct for urban and land surface model
100	! - Subroutine salsa_tendency_ij optimized.
101	! - Interfaces salsa_non_advective_processes and salsa_exchange_horiz_bounds
102	! created. These are now called in module_interface.
103	! salsa_exchange_horiz_bounds after calling salsa_driver only when needed
104	! (i.e. every dt_salsa).
105	!
106	! 3924 2019-04-23 09:33:06Z monakurppa
107	! Correct a bug introduced by the previous update.
108	!
109	! 3899 2019-04-16 14:05:27Z monakurppa
110	! - remove unnecessary error / location messages
111	! - corrected some error message numbers
112	! - allocate source arrays only if emissions or dry deposition is applied.
113	!
114	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
115	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
116	! of additional debug messages
117	!
118	! 3876 2019-04-08 18:41:49Z knoop
119	! Introduced salsa_actions module interface
120	!
121	! 3871 2019-04-08 14:38:39Z knoop
122	! Major changes in formatting, performance and data input structure (see branch
123	! the history for details)
124	! - Time-dependent emissions enabled: lod=1 for yearly PM emissions that are
125	! normalised depending on the time, and lod=2 for preprocessed emissions
126	! (similar to the chemistry module).
127	! - Additionally, 'uniform' emissions allowed. This emission is set constant on
128	! all horisontal upward facing surfaces and it is created based on parameters
129	! surface_aerosol_flux, aerosol_flux_dpg/sigmag/mass_fracs_a/mass_fracs_b.
130	! - All emissions are now implemented as surface fluxes! No 3D sources anymore.
131	! - Update the emission information by calling salsa_emission_update if
132	! skip_time_do_salsa >= time_since_reference_point and
133	! next_aero_emission_update <= time_since_reference_point
134	! - Aerosol background concentrations read from PIDS_DYNAMIC. The vertical grid
135	! must match the one applied in the model.
136	! - Gas emissions and background concentrations can be also read in in salsa_mod
137	! if the chemistry module is not applied.
138	! - In deposition, information on the land use type can be now imported from
139	! the land use model
140	! - Use SI units in PARIN, i.e. n_lognorm given in #/m3 and dpg in metres.
141	! - Apply 100 character line limit
142	! - Change all variable names from capital to lowercase letter
143	! - Change real exponents to integer if possible. If not, precalculate the value
144	! value of exponent
145	! - Rename in1a to start_subrange_1a, fn2a to end_subrange_1a etc.
146	! - Rename nbins --> nbins_aerosol, ncc_tot --> ncomponents_mass and ngast -->
147	! ngases_salsa
148	! - Rename ibc to index_bc, idu to index_du etc.
149	! - Renamed loop indices b, c and sg to ib, ic and ig
150	! - run_salsa subroutine removed
151	! - Corrected a bud in salsa_driver: falsely applied ino instead of inh
152	! - Call salsa_tendency within salsa_prognostic_equations which is called in
153	! module_interface_mod instead of prognostic_equations_mod
154	! - Removed tailing white spaces and unused variables
155	! - Change error message to start by PA instead of SA
156	!
157	! 3833 2019-03-28 15:04:04Z forkel
158	! added USE chem_gasphase_mod for nvar, nspec and spc_names
159	!
160	! 3787 2019-03-07 08:43:54Z raasch
161	! unused variables removed
162	!
163	! 3780 2019-03-05 11:19:45Z forkel
164	! unused variable for file index removed from rrd-subroutines parameter list
165	!
166	! 3685 2019-01-21 01:02:11Z knoop
167	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
168	!
169	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
170	! Implementation of the PALM module interface
171	! 3412 2018-10-24 07:25:57Z monakurppa
172	!
173	! Authors:
174	! --------
175	! @author Mona Kurppa (University of Helsinki)
176	!
177	!
178	! Description:
179	! ------------
180	!> Sectional aerosol module for large scale applications SALSA
181	!> (Kokkola et al., 2008, ACP 8, 2469-2483). Solves the aerosol number and mass
182	!> concentration as well as chemical composition. Includes aerosol dynamic
183	!> processes: nucleation, condensation/evaporation of vapours, coagulation and
184	!> deposition on tree leaves, ground and roofs.
185	!> Implementation is based on formulations implemented in UCLALES-SALSA except
186	!> for deposition which is based on parametrisations by Zhang et al. (2001,
187	!> Atmos. Environ. 35, 549-560) or Petroff&Zhang (2010, Geosci. Model Dev. 3,
188	!> 753-769)
189	!>
190	!> @todo Apply information from emission_stack_height to lift emission sources
191	!> @todo emission mode "parameterized", i.e. based on street type
192	!> @todo Allow insoluble emissions
193	!> @todo Apply flux limiter in prognostic equations
194	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
195	MODULE salsa_mod
196
197	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
198	ONLY: c_p, g, p_0, pi, r_d
199
200	USE chem_gasphase_mod, &
201	ONLY: nspec, nvar, spc_names
202
203	USE chem_modules, &
204	ONLY: call_chem_at_all_substeps, chem_gasphase_on, chem_species
205
206	USE control_parameters, &
207	ONLY: air_chemistry, bc_dirichlet_l, bc_dirichlet_n, bc_dirichlet_r, bc_dirichlet_s, &
208	bc_lr, bc_lr_cyc, bc_ns, bc_ns_cyc, bc_radiation_l, bc_radiation_n, bc_radiation_r, &
209	bc_radiation_s, coupling_char, debug_output, dt_3d, intermediate_timestep_count, &
210	intermediate_timestep_count_max, land_surface, max_pr_salsa, message_string, &
211	monotonic_limiter_z, plant_canopy, pt_surface, salsa, scalar_advec, &
212	surface_pressure, time_since_reference_point, timestep_scheme, tsc, urban_surface, &
213	ws_scheme_sca
214
215	USE indices, &
216	ONLY: nbgp, nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nzb, nz, nzt, wall_flags_0
217
218	USE kinds
219
220	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
221	ONLY: chem_emis_att_type, chem_emis_val_type
222
223	USE pegrid
224
225	USE statistics, &
226	ONLY: sums_salsa_ws_l
227
228	IMPLICIT NONE
229	!
230	!-- SALSA constants:
231	!
232	!-- Local constants:
233	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: luc_urban = 15 !< default landuse type for urban
234	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: ngases_salsa = 5 !< total number of gaseous tracers:
235	!< 1 = H2SO4, 2 = HNO3, 3 = NH3, 4 = OCNV
236	!< (non-volatile OC), 5 = OCSV (semi-volatile)
237	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nmod = 7 !< number of modes for initialising the aerosol size
238	!< distribution
239	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nreg = 2 !< Number of main size subranges
240	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: maxspec = 7 !< Max. number of aerosol species
241	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: season = 1 !< For dry depostion by Zhang et al.: 1 = summer,
242	!< 2 = autumn (no harvest yet), 3 = late autumn
243	!< (already frost), 4 = winter, 5 = transitional spring
244
245	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: fill_value = -9999.0_wp !< value for the _FillValue attribute
246	!
247	!-- Universal constants
248	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: abo = 1.380662E-23_wp !< Boltzmann constant (J/K)
249	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alv = 2.260E+6_wp !< latent heat for H2O
250	!< vaporisation (J/kg)
251	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alv_d_rv = 4896.96865_wp !< alv / rv
252	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: am_airmol = 4.8096E-26_wp !< Average mass of one air
253	!< molecule (Jacobson,
254	!< 2005, Eq. 2.3)
255	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: api6 = 0.5235988_wp !< pi / 6
256	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: argas = 8.314409_wp !< Gas constant (J/(mol K))
257	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: argas_d_cpd = 8.281283865E-3_wp !< argas per cpd
258	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: avo = 6.02214E+23_wp !< Avogadro constant (1/mol)
259	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: d_sa = 5.539376964394570E-10_wp !< diameter of condensing sulphuric
260	!< acid molecule (m)
261	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: for_ppm_to_nconc = 7.243016311E+16_wp !< ppm * avo / R (K/(Pa*m3))
262	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: epsoc = 0.15_wp !< water uptake of organic
263	!< material
264	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: mclim = 1.0E-23_wp !< mass concentration min limit (kg/m3)
265	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: n3 = 158.79_wp !< Number of H2SO4 molecules in 3 nm cluster
266	!< if d_sa=5.54e-10m
267	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: nclim = 1.0_wp !< number concentration min limit (#/m3)
268	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: surfw0 = 0.073_wp !< surface tension of water at 293 K (J/m2)
269	!
270	!-- Molar masses in kg/mol
271	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: ambc = 12.0E-3_wp !< black carbon (BC)
272	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amdair = 28.970E-3_wp !< dry air
273	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amdu = 100.E-3_wp !< mineral dust
274	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amh2o = 18.0154E-3_wp !< H2O
275	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amh2so4 = 98.06E-3_wp !< H2SO4
276	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amhno3 = 63.01E-3_wp !< HNO3
277	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amn2o = 44.013E-3_wp !< N2O
278	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amnh3 = 17.031E-3_wp !< NH3
279	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amo2 = 31.9988E-3_wp !< O2
280	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amo3 = 47.998E-3_wp !< O3
281	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amoc = 150.E-3_wp !< organic carbon (OC)
282	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amss = 58.44E-3_wp !< sea salt (NaCl)
283	!
284	!-- Densities in kg/m3
285	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: arhobc = 2000.0_wp !< black carbon
286	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: arhodu = 2650.0_wp !< mineral dust
287	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: arhoh2o = 1000.0_wp !< H2O
288	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: arhoh2so4 = 1830.0_wp !< SO4
289	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: arhohno3 = 1479.0_wp !< HNO3
290	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: arhonh3 = 1530.0_wp !< NH3
291	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: arhooc = 2000.0_wp !< organic carbon
292	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: arhoss = 2165.0_wp !< sea salt (NaCl)
293	!
294	!-- Volume of molecule in m3/#
295	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amvh2o = amh2o /avo / arhoh2o !< H2O
296	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amvh2so4 = amh2so4 / avo / arhoh2so4 !< SO4
297	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amvhno3 = amhno3 / avo / arhohno3 !< HNO3
298	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amvnh3 = amnh3 / avo / arhonh3 !< NH3
299	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amvoc = amoc / avo / arhooc !< OC
300	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: amvss = amss / avo / arhoss !< sea salt
301	!
302	!-- Constants for the dry deposition model by Petroff and Zhang (2010):
303	!-- obstacle characteristic dimension "L" (cm) (plane obstacle by default) and empirical constants
304	!-- C_B, C_IN, C_IM, beta_IM and C_IT for each land use category (15, as in Zhang et al. (2001))
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:15), PARAMETER :: l_p10 = &
306	(/0.15, 4.0, 0.15, 3.0, 3.0, 0.5, 3.0, -99., 0.5, 2.0, 1.0, -99., -99., -99., 3.0/)
307	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:15), PARAMETER :: c_b_p10 = &
308	(/0.887, 1.262, 0.887, 1.262, 1.262, 0.996, 0.996, -99., 0.7, 0.93, 0.996, -99., -99., -99., 1.262/)
309	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:15), PARAMETER :: c_in_p10 = &
310	(/0.81, 0.216, 0.81, 0.216, 0.216, 0.191, 0.162, -99., 0.7, 0.14, 0.162, -99., -99., -99., 0.216/)
311	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:15), PARAMETER :: c_im_p10 = &
312	(/0.162, 0.13, 0.162, 0.13, 0.13, 0.191, 0.081, -99., 0.191,0.086,0.081, -99., -99., -99., 0.13/)
313	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:15), PARAMETER :: beta_im_p10 = &
314	(/0.6, 0.47, 0.6, 0.47, 0.47, 0.47, 0.47, -99., 0.6, 0.47, 0.47, -99., -99., -99., 0.47/)
315	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:15), PARAMETER :: c_it_p10 = &
316	(/0.0, 0.056, 0.0, 0.056, 0.056, 0.042, 0.056, -99., 0.042,0.014,0.056, -99., -99., -99., 0.056/)
317	!
318	!-- Constants for the dry deposition model by Zhang et al. (2001):
319	!-- empirical constants "alpha" and "gamma" and characteristic radius "A" for
320	!-- each land use category (15) and season (5)
321	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:15), PARAMETER :: alpha_z01 = &
322	(/1.0, 0.6, 1.1, 0.8, 0.8, 1.2, 1.2, 50.0, 50.0, 1.3, 2.0, 50.0, 100.0, 100.0, 1.5/)
323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:15), PARAMETER :: gamma_z01 = &
324	(/0.56, 0.58, 0.56, 0.56, 0.56, 0.54, 0.54, 0.54, 0.54, 0.54, 0.54, 0.54, 0.50, 0.50, 0.56/)
325	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:15,1:5), PARAMETER :: A_z01 = RESHAPE( (/&
326	2.0, 5.0, 2.0, 5.0, 5.0, 2.0, 2.0, -99., -99., 10.0, 10.0, -99., -99., -99., 10.0,& ! SC1
327	2.0, 5.0, 2.0, 5.0, 5.0, 2.0, 2.0, -99., -99., 10.0, 10.0, -99., -99., -99., 10.0,& ! SC2
328	2.0, 5.0, 5.0, 10.0, 5.0, 5.0, 5.0, -99., -99., 10.0, 10.0, -99., -99., -99., 10.0,& ! SC3
329	2.0, 5.0, 5.0, 10.0, 5.0, 5.0, 5.0, -99., -99., 10.0, 10.0, -99., -99., -99., 10.0,& ! SC4
330	2.0, 5.0, 2.0, 5.0, 5.0, 2.0, 2.0, -99., -99., 10.0, 10.0, -99., -99., -99., 10.0 & ! SC5
331	/), (/ 15, 5 /) )
332	!-- Land use categories (based on Z01 but the same applies here also for P10):
333	!-- 1 = evergreen needleleaf trees,
334	!-- 2 = evergreen broadleaf trees,
335	!-- 3 = deciduous needleleaf trees,
336	!-- 4 = deciduous broadleaf trees,
337	!-- 5 = mixed broadleaf and needleleaf trees (deciduous broadleaf trees for P10),
338	!-- 6 = grass (short grass for P10),
339	!-- 7 = crops, mixed farming,
340	!-- 8 = desert,
341	!-- 9 = tundra,
342	!-- 10 = shrubs and interrupted woodlands (thorn shrubs for P10),
343	!-- 11 = wetland with plants (long grass for P10)
344	!-- 12 = ice cap and glacier,
345	!-- 13 = inland water (inland lake for P10)
346	!-- 14 = ocean (water for P10),
347	!-- 15 = urban
348	!
349	!-- SALSA variables:
350	CHARACTER(LEN=20) :: bc_salsa_b = 'neumann' !< bottom boundary condition
351	CHARACTER(LEN=20) :: bc_salsa_t = 'neumann' !< top boundary condition
352	CHARACTER(LEN=20) :: depo_pcm_par = 'zhang2001' !< or 'petroff2010'
353	CHARACTER(LEN=20) :: depo_pcm_type = 'deciduous_broadleaf' !< leaf type
354	CHARACTER(LEN=20) :: depo_surf_par = 'zhang2001' !< or 'petroff2010'
355	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: input_file_dynamic = 'PIDS_DYNAMIC' !< file name for dynamic input
356	CHARACTER(LEN=100) :: input_file_salsa = 'PIDS_SALSA' !< file name for emission data
357	CHARACTER(LEN=20) :: salsa_emission_mode = 'no_emission' !< 'no_emission', 'uniform',
358	!< 'parameterized', 'read_from_file'
359
360	CHARACTER(LEN=20), DIMENSION(4) :: decycle_method_salsa = &
361	(/'dirichlet','dirichlet','dirichlet','dirichlet'/)
362	!< Decycling method at horizontal boundaries
363	!< 1=left, 2=right, 3=south, 4=north
364	!< dirichlet = initial profiles for the ghost and first 3 layers
365	!< neumann = zero gradient
366
367	CHARACTER(LEN=3), DIMENSION(maxspec) :: listspec = & !< Active aerosols
368	(/'SO4',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '/)
369
370	INTEGER(iwp) :: depo_pcm_par_num = 1 !< parametrisation type: 1=zhang2001, 2=petroff2010
371	INTEGER(iwp) :: depo_pcm_type_num = 0 !< index for the dry deposition type on the plant canopy
372	INTEGER(iwp) :: depo_surf_par_num = 1 !< parametrisation type: 1=zhang2001, 2=petroff2010
373	INTEGER(iwp) :: dots_salsa = 0 !< starting index for salsa-timeseries
374	INTEGER(iwp) :: end_subrange_1a = 1 !< last index for bin subrange 1a
375	INTEGER(iwp) :: end_subrange_2a = 1 !< last index for bin subrange 2a
376	INTEGER(iwp) :: end_subrange_2b = 1 !< last index for bin subrange 2b
377	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibc_salsa_b !< index for the bottom boundary condition
378	INTEGER(iwp) :: ibc_salsa_t !< index for the top boundary condition
379	INTEGER(iwp) :: index_bc = -1 !< index for black carbon (BC)
380	INTEGER(iwp) :: index_du = -1 !< index for dust
381	INTEGER(iwp) :: index_nh = -1 !< index for NH3
382	INTEGER(iwp) :: index_no = -1 !< index for HNO3
383	INTEGER(iwp) :: index_oc = -1 !< index for organic carbon (OC)
384	INTEGER(iwp) :: index_so4 = -1 !< index for SO4 or H2SO4
385	INTEGER(iwp) :: index_ss = -1 !< index for sea salt
386	INTEGER(iwp) :: init_aerosol_type = 0 !< Initial size distribution type
387	!< 0 = uniform (read from PARIN)
388	!< 1 = read vertical profile of the mode number
389	!< concentration from an input file
390	INTEGER(iwp) :: init_gases_type = 0 !< Initial gas concentration type
391	!< 0 = uniform (read from PARIN)
392	!< 1 = read vertical profile from an input file
393	INTEGER(iwp) :: lod_gas_emissions = 0 !< level of detail of the gaseous emission data
394	INTEGER(iwp) :: main_street_id = 0 !< lower bound of main street IDs (OpenStreetMaps) for parameterized mode
395	INTEGER(iwp) :: max_street_id = 0 !< upper bound of main street IDs (OpenStreetMaps) for parameterized mode
396	INTEGER(iwp) :: nbins_aerosol = 1 !< total number of size bins
397	INTEGER(iwp) :: ncc = 1 !< number of chemical components used
398	INTEGER(iwp) :: ncomponents_mass = 1 !< total number of chemical compounds (ncc+1)
399	!< if particle water is advected)
400	INTEGER(iwp) :: nj3 = 1 !< J3 parametrization (nucleation)
401	!< 1 = condensational sink (Kerminen&Kulmala, 2002)
402	!< 2 = coagulational sink (Lehtinen et al. 2007)
403	!< 3 = coagS+self-coagulation (Anttila et al. 2010)
404	INTEGER(iwp) :: nsnucl = 0 !< Choice of the nucleation scheme:
405	!< 0 = off
406	!< 1 = binary nucleation
407	!< 2 = activation type nucleation
408	!< 3 = kinetic nucleation
409	!< 4 = ternary nucleation
410	!< 5 = nucleation with ORGANICs
411	!< 6 = activation type of nucleation with H2SO4+ORG
412	!< 7 = heteromolecular nucleation with H2SO4*ORG
413	!< 8 = homomolecular nucleation of H2SO4
414	!< + heteromolecular nucleation with H2SO4*ORG
415	!< 9 = homomolecular nucleation of H2SO4 and ORG
416	!< + heteromolecular nucleation with H2SO4*ORG
417	INTEGER(iwp) :: salsa_pr_count = 0 !< counter for salsa variable profiles
418	INTEGER(iwp) :: side_street_id = 0 !< lower bound of side street IDs (OpenStreetMaps) for parameterized mode
419	INTEGER(iwp) :: start_subrange_1a = 1 !< start index for bin subranges: subrange 1a
420	INTEGER(iwp) :: start_subrange_2a = 1 !< subrange 2a
421	INTEGER(iwp) :: start_subrange_2b = 1 !< subrange 2b
422
423	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nreg) :: nbin = (/ 3, 7/) !< Number of size bins per subrange: 1 & 2
424
425	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(ngases_salsa) :: gas_index_chem = (/ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1/) !< gas indices in chemistry_model_mod
426	!< 1 = H2SO4, 2 = HNO3,
427	!< 3 = NH3, 4 = OCNV, 5 = OCSV
428	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(ngases_salsa) :: emission_index_chem !< gas indices in the gas emission file
429	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(99) :: salsa_pr_index = 0 !< index for salsa profiles
430
431	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: k_topo_top !< vertical index of the topography top
432
433	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: salsa_advc_flags_s !< flags used to degrade order of advection
434	!< scheme for salsa variables near walls and
435	!< lateral boundaries
436	!
437	!-- SALSA switches:
438	LOGICAL :: advect_particle_water = .TRUE. !< Advect water concentration of particles
439	LOGICAL :: decycle_salsa_lr = .FALSE. !< Undo cyclic boundaries: left and right
440	LOGICAL :: decycle_salsa_ns = .FALSE. !< Undo cyclic boundaries: north and south
441	LOGICAL :: include_emission = .FALSE. !< Include or not emissions
442	LOGICAL :: feedback_to_palm = .FALSE. !< Allow feedback due to condensation of H2O
443	LOGICAL :: nest_salsa = .FALSE. !< Apply nesting for salsa
444	LOGICAL :: no_insoluble = .FALSE. !< Exclude insoluble chemical components
445	LOGICAL :: read_restart_data_salsa = .FALSE. !< Read restart data for salsa
446	LOGICAL :: salsa_gases_from_chem = .FALSE. !< Transfer the gaseous components to SALSA from
447	!< the chemistry model
448	LOGICAL :: van_der_waals_coagc = .FALSE. !< Enhancement of coagulation kernel by van der
449	!< Waals and viscous forces
450	LOGICAL :: write_binary_salsa = .FALSE. !< read binary for salsa
451	!
452	!-- Process switches: nl* is read from the NAMELIST and is NOT changed.
453	!-- ls* is the switch used and will get the value of nl*
454	!-- except for special circumstances (spinup period etc.)
455	LOGICAL :: nlcoag = .FALSE. !< Coagulation master switch
456	LOGICAL :: lscoag = .FALSE. !<
457	LOGICAL :: nlcnd = .FALSE. !< Condensation master switch
458	LOGICAL :: lscnd = .FALSE. !<
459	LOGICAL :: nlcndgas = .FALSE. !< Condensation of precursor gases
460	LOGICAL :: lscndgas = .FALSE. !<
461	LOGICAL :: nlcndh2oae = .FALSE. !< Condensation of H2O on aerosol
462	LOGICAL :: lscndh2oae = .FALSE. !< particles (FALSE -> equilibrium calc.)
463	LOGICAL :: nldepo = .FALSE. !< Deposition master switch
464	LOGICAL :: lsdepo = .FALSE. !<
465	LOGICAL :: nldepo_surf = .FALSE. !< Deposition on vegetation master switch
466	LOGICAL :: lsdepo_surf = .FALSE. !<
467	LOGICAL :: nldepo_pcm = .FALSE. !< Deposition on walls master switch
468	LOGICAL :: lsdepo_pcm = .FALSE. !<
469	LOGICAL :: nldistupdate = .TRUE. !< Size distribution update master switch
470	LOGICAL :: lsdistupdate = .FALSE. !<
471	LOGICAL :: lspartition = .FALSE. !< Partition of HNO3 and NH3
472
473	REAL(wp) :: act_coeff = 1.0E-7_wp !< Activation coefficient (1/s)
474	REAL(wp) :: dt_salsa = 0.00001_wp !< Time step of SALSA
475	REAL(wp) :: emiss_factor_main = 0.0_wp !< relative emission factor for main streets
476	REAL(wp) :: emiss_factor_side = 0.0_wp !< relative emission factor for side streets
477	REAL(wp) :: h2so4_init = nclim !< Init value for sulphuric acid gas
478	REAL(wp) :: hno3_init = nclim !< Init value for nitric acid gas
479	REAL(wp) :: last_salsa_time = 0.0_wp !< previous salsa call
480	REAL(wp) :: next_aero_emission_update = 0.0_wp !< previous emission update
481	REAL(wp) :: next_gas_emission_update = 0.0_wp !< previous emission update
482	REAL(wp) :: nf2a = 1.0_wp !< Number fraction allocated to 2a-bins
483	REAL(wp) :: nh3_init = nclim !< Init value for ammonia gas
484	REAL(wp) :: ocnv_init = nclim !< Init value for non-volatile organic gases
485	REAL(wp) :: ocsv_init = nclim !< Init value for semi-volatile organic gases
486	REAL(wp) :: rhlim = 1.20_wp !< RH limit in %/100. Prevents unrealistical RH
487	REAL(wp) :: skip_time_do_salsa = 0.0_wp !< Starting time of SALSA (s)
488	!
489	!-- Initial log-normal size distribution: mode diameter (dpg, metres),
490	!-- standard deviation (sigmag) and concentration (n_lognorm, #/m3)
491	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nmod) :: dpg = &
492	(/1.3E-8_wp, 5.4E-8_wp, 8.6E-7_wp, 2.0E-7_wp, 2.0E-7_wp, 2.0E-7_wp, 2.0E-7_wp/)
493	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nmod) :: sigmag = &
494	(/1.8_wp, 2.16_wp, 2.21_wp, 2.0_wp, 2.0_wp, 2.0_wp, 2.0_wp/)
495	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nmod) :: n_lognorm = &
496	(/1.04e+11_wp, 3.23E+10_wp, 5.4E+6_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp/)
497	!
498	!-- Initial mass fractions / chemical composition of the size distribution
499	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(maxspec) :: mass_fracs_a = & !< mass fractions between
500	(/1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0/) !< aerosol species for A bins
501	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(maxspec) :: mass_fracs_b = & !< mass fractions between
502	(/0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0/) !< aerosol species for B bins
503	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nreg+1) :: reglim = & !< Min&max diameters of size subranges
504	(/ 3.0E-9_wp, 5.0E-8_wp, 1.0E-5_wp/)
505	!
506	!-- Initial log-normal size distribution: mode diameter (dpg, metres), standard deviation (sigmag)
507	!-- concentration (n_lognorm, #/m3) and mass fractions of all chemical components (listed in
508	!-- listspec) for both a (soluble) and b (insoluble) bins.
509	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nmod) :: aerosol_flux_dpg = &
510	(/1.3E-8_wp, 5.4E-8_wp, 8.6E-7_wp, 2.0E-7_wp, 2.0E-7_wp, 2.0E-7_wp, 2.0E-7_wp/)
511	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nmod) :: aerosol_flux_sigmag = &
512	(/1.8_wp, 2.16_wp, 2.21_wp, 2.0_wp, 2.0_wp, 2.0_wp, 2.0_wp/)
513	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(maxspec) :: aerosol_flux_mass_fracs_a = &
514	(/1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0/)
515	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(maxspec) :: aerosol_flux_mass_fracs_b = &
516	(/0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0/)
517	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nmod) :: surface_aerosol_flux = &
518	(/1.0E+8_wp, 1.0E+9_wp, 1.0E+5_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp/)
519
520	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: bin_low_limits !< to deliver information about
521	!< the lower diameters per bin
522	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: bc_am_t_val !< vertical gradient of: aerosol mass
523	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: bc_an_t_val !< of: aerosol number
524	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: bc_gt_t_val !< salsa gases near domain top
525	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: gas_emission_time !< Time array in gas emission data (s)
526	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nsect !< Background number concentrations
527	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: massacc !< Mass accomodation coefficients
528	!
529	!-- SALSA derived datatypes:
530	!
531	!-- Component index
532	TYPE component_index
533	CHARACTER(len=3), ALLOCATABLE :: comp(:) !< Component name
534	INTEGER(iwp) :: ncomp !< Number of components
535	INTEGER(iwp), ALLOCATABLE :: ind(:) !< Component index
536	END TYPE component_index
537	!
538	!-- For matching LSM and USM surface types and the deposition module surface types
539	TYPE match_surface
540	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: match_lupg !< index for pavement / green roofs
541	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: match_luvw !< index for vegetation / walls
542	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: match_luww !< index for water / windows
543	END TYPE match_surface
544	!
545	!-- Aerosol emission data attributes
546	TYPE salsa_emission_attribute_type
547
548	CHARACTER(LEN=25) :: units
549
550	CHARACTER(LEN=25), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cat_name !<
551	CHARACTER(LEN=25), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cc_name !<
552	CHARACTER(LEN=25), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: unit_time !<
553	CHARACTER(LEN=100), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_names !<
554
555	INTEGER(iwp) :: lod = 0 !< level of detail
556	INTEGER(iwp) :: nbins = 10 !< number of aerosol size bins
557	INTEGER(iwp) :: ncat = 0 !< number of emission categories
558	INTEGER(iwp) :: ncc = 7 !< number of aerosol chemical components
559	INTEGER(iwp) :: nhoursyear = 0 !< number of hours: HOURLY mode
560	INTEGER(iwp) :: nmonthdayhour = 0 !< number of month days and hours: MDH mode
561	INTEGER(iwp) :: num_vars !< number of variables
562	INTEGER(iwp) :: nt = 0 !< number of time steps
563	INTEGER(iwp) :: nz = 0 !< number of vertical levels
564	INTEGER(iwp) :: tind !< time index for reference time in salsa emission data
565
566	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(maxspec) :: cc_in2mod = 0 !<
567
568	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cat_index !< Index of emission categories
569	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cc_index !< Index of chemical components
570
571	REAL(wp) :: conversion_factor !< unit conversion factor for aerosol emissions
572
573	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: dmid !< mean diameters of size bins (m)
574	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: rho !< average density (kg/m3)
575	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: time !< time (s)
576	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: time_factor !< emission time factor
577	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: z !< height (m)
578
579	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: etf !< emission time factor
580	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: stack_height
581
582	END TYPE salsa_emission_attribute_type
583	!
584	!-- The default size distribution and mass composition per emission category:
585	!-- 1 = traffic, 2 = road dust, 3 = wood combustion, 4 = other
586	!-- Mass fractions: H2SO4, OC, BC, DU, SS, HNO3, NH3
587	TYPE salsa_emission_mode_type
588
589	INTEGER(iwp) :: ndm = 3 !< number of default modes
590	INTEGER(iwp) :: ndc = 4 !< number of default categories
591
592	CHARACTER(LEN=25), DIMENSION(1:4) :: cat_name_table = (/'traffic exhaust', &
593	'road dust ', &
594	'wood combustion', &
595	'other '/)
596
597	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1:4) :: cat_input_to_model !<
598
599	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: dpg_table = (/ 13.5E-9_wp, 1.4E-6_wp, 5.4E-8_wp/) !<
600	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: ntot_table !<
601	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: sigmag_table = (/ 1.6_wp, 1.4_wp, 1.7_wp /) !<
602
603	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:maxspec,1:4) :: mass_frac_table = & !<
604	RESHAPE( (/ 0.04_wp, 0.48_wp, 0.48_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
605	0.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.95_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
606	0.0_wp, 0.5_wp, 0.5_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
607	0.0_wp, 0.5_wp, 0.5_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp &
608	/), (/maxspec,4/) )
609
610	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3,1:4) :: pm_frac_table = & !< rel. mass
611	RESHAPE( (/ 0.016_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.984_wp, &
612	0.000_wp, 1.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
613	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 1.000_wp, &
614	1.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 1.000_wp &
615	/), (/3,4/) )
616
617	END TYPE salsa_emission_mode_type
618	!
619	!-- Aerosol emission data values
620	TYPE salsa_emission_value_type
621
622	REAL(wp) :: fill !< fill value
623
624	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: preproc_mass_fracs !< mass fractions
625
626	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: def_mass_fracs !< mass fractions per emis. category
627
628	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: def_data !< surface emission values in PM
629	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: preproc_data !< surface emission values per bin
630
631	END TYPE salsa_emission_value_type
632	!
633	!-- Prognostic variable: Aerosol size bin information (number (#/m3) and mass (kg/m3) concentration)
634	!-- and the concentration of gaseous tracers (#/m3). Gas tracers are contained sequentially in
635	!-- dimension 4 as:
636	!-- 1. H2SO4, 2. HNO3, 3. NH3, 4. OCNV (non-volatile organics), 5. OCSV (semi-volatile)
637	TYPE salsa_variable
638
639	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: init !<
640
641	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: diss_s !<
642	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: flux_s !<
643	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: source !<
644	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: sums_ws_l !<
645
646	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: diss_l !<
647	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: flux_l !<
648
649	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER, CONTIGUOUS :: conc !<
650	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER, CONTIGUOUS :: conc_p !<
651	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER, CONTIGUOUS :: tconc_m !<
652
653	END TYPE salsa_variable
654	!
655	!-- Datatype used to store information about the binned size distributions of aerosols
656	TYPE t_section
657
658	REAL(wp) :: dmid !< bin middle diameter (m)
659	REAL(wp) :: vhilim !< bin volume at the high limit
660	REAL(wp) :: vlolim !< bin volume at the low limit
661	REAL(wp) :: vratiohi !< volume ratio between the center and high limit
662	REAL(wp) :: vratiolo !< volume ratio between the center and low limit
663	!******************************************************
664	! ^ Do NOT change the stuff above after initialization !
665	!******************************************************
666	REAL(wp) :: core !< Volume of dry particle
667	REAL(wp) :: dwet !< Wet diameter or mean droplet diameter (m)
668	REAL(wp) :: numc !< Number concentration of particles/droplets (#/m3)
669	REAL(wp) :: veqh2o !< Equilibrium H2O concentration for each particle
670
671	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(maxspec+1) :: volc !< Volume concentrations (m^3/m^3) of aerosols +
672	!< water. Since most of the stuff in SALSA is hard
673	!< coded, these have to be in the order
674	!< 1:SO4, 2:OC, 3:BC, 4:DU, 5:SS, 6:NO, 7:NH, 8:H2O
675	END TYPE t_section
676
677	TYPE(salsa_emission_attribute_type) :: aero_emission_att !< emission attributes
678	TYPE(salsa_emission_value_type) :: aero_emission !< emission values
679	TYPE(salsa_emission_mode_type) :: def_modes !< default emission modes
680
681	TYPE(chem_emis_att_type) :: chem_emission_att !< chemistry emission attributes
682
683	TYPE(chem_emis_val_type), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: chem_emission !< chemistry emissions
684
685	TYPE(t_section), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: aero !< local aerosol properties
686
687	TYPE(match_surface) :: lsm_to_depo_h !< to match the deposition module and horizontal LSM surfaces
688	TYPE(match_surface) :: usm_to_depo_h !< to match the deposition module and horizontal USM surfaces
689
690	TYPE(match_surface), DIMENSION(0:3) :: lsm_to_depo_v !< to match the deposition mod. and vertical LSM surfaces
691	TYPE(match_surface), DIMENSION(0:3) :: usm_to_depo_v !< to match the deposition mod. and vertical USM surfaces
692	!
693	!-- SALSA variables: as x = x(k,j,i,bin).
694	!-- The 4th dimension contains all the size bins sequentially for each aerosol species + water.
695	!
696	!-- Prognostic variables:
697	!
698	!-- Number concentration (#/m3)
699	TYPE(salsa_variable), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: aerosol_number !<
700	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: nconc_1 !<
701	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: nconc_2 !<
702	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: nconc_3 !<
703	!
704	!-- Mass concentration (kg/m3)
705	TYPE(salsa_variable), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: aerosol_mass !<
706	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: mconc_1 !<
707	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: mconc_2 !<
708	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: mconc_3 !<
709	!
710	!-- Gaseous concentrations (#/m3)
711	TYPE(salsa_variable), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: salsa_gas !<
712	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: gconc_1 !<
713	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: gconc_2 !<
714	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: gconc_3 !<
715	!
716	!-- Diagnostic tracers
717	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: sedim_vd !< sedimentation velocity per bin (m/s)
718	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: ra_dry !< aerosol dry radius (m)
719
720	!-- Particle component index tables
721	TYPE(component_index) :: prtcl !< Contains "getIndex" which gives the index for a given aerosol
722	!< component name: 1:SO4, 2:OC, 3:BC, 4:DU, 5:SS, 6:NO, 7:NH, 8:H2O
723	!
724	!-- Data output arrays:
725	!
726	!-- Gases:
727	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: g_h2so4_av !< H2SO4
728	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: g_hno3_av !< HNO3
729	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: g_nh3_av !< NH3
730	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: g_ocnv_av !< non-volatile OC
731	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: g_ocsv_av !< semi-volatile OC
732	!
733	!-- Integrated:
734	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: ldsa_av !< lung-deposited surface area
735	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: ntot_av !< total number concentration
736	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: nufp_av !< ultrafine particles (UFP)
737	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: pm01_av !< PM0.1
738	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: pm25_av !< PM2.5
739	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: pm10_av !< PM10
740	!
741	!-- In the particle phase:
742	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: s_bc_av !< black carbon
743	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: s_du_av !< dust
744	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: s_h2o_av !< liquid water
745	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: s_nh_av !< ammonia
746	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: s_no_av !< nitrates
747	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: s_oc_av !< org. carbon
748	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: s_so4_av !< sulphates
749	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: s_ss_av !< sea salt
750	!
751	!-- Bin specific mass and number concentrations:
752	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: mbins_av !< bin mas
753	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: nbins_av !< bin number
754
755	!
756	!-- PALM interfaces:
757
758	INTERFACE salsa_actions
759	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_actions
760	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_actions_ij
761	END INTERFACE salsa_actions
762
763	INTERFACE salsa_3d_data_averaging
764	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_3d_data_averaging
765	END INTERFACE salsa_3d_data_averaging
766
767	INTERFACE salsa_boundary_conds
768	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_boundary_conds
769	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_boundary_conds_decycle
770	END INTERFACE salsa_boundary_conds
771
772	INTERFACE salsa_check_data_output
773	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_check_data_output
774	END INTERFACE salsa_check_data_output
775
776	INTERFACE salsa_check_data_output_pr
777	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_check_data_output_pr
778	END INTERFACE salsa_check_data_output_pr
779
780	INTERFACE salsa_check_parameters
781	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_check_parameters
782	END INTERFACE salsa_check_parameters
783
784	INTERFACE salsa_data_output_2d
785	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_data_output_2d
786	END INTERFACE salsa_data_output_2d
787
788	INTERFACE salsa_data_output_3d
789	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_data_output_3d
790	END INTERFACE salsa_data_output_3d
791
792	INTERFACE salsa_data_output_mask
793	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_data_output_mask
794	END INTERFACE salsa_data_output_mask
795
796	INTERFACE salsa_define_netcdf_grid
797	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_define_netcdf_grid
798	END INTERFACE salsa_define_netcdf_grid
799
800	INTERFACE salsa_driver
801	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_driver
802	END INTERFACE salsa_driver
803
804	INTERFACE salsa_emission_update
805	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_emission_update
806	END INTERFACE salsa_emission_update
807
808	INTERFACE salsa_exchange_horiz_bounds
809	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_exchange_horiz_bounds
810	END INTERFACE salsa_exchange_horiz_bounds
811
812	INTERFACE salsa_header
813	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_header
814	END INTERFACE salsa_header
815
816	INTERFACE salsa_init
817	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_init
818	END INTERFACE salsa_init
819
820	INTERFACE salsa_init_arrays
821	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_init_arrays
822	END INTERFACE salsa_init_arrays
823
824	INTERFACE salsa_non_advective_processes
825	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_non_advective_processes
826	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_non_advective_processes_ij
827	END INTERFACE salsa_non_advective_processes
828
829	INTERFACE salsa_parin
830	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_parin
831	END INTERFACE salsa_parin
832
833	INTERFACE salsa_prognostic_equations
834	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_prognostic_equations
835	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_prognostic_equations_ij
836	END INTERFACE salsa_prognostic_equations
837
838	INTERFACE salsa_rrd_local
839	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_rrd_local
840	END INTERFACE salsa_rrd_local
841
842	INTERFACE salsa_statistics
843	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_statistics
844	END INTERFACE salsa_statistics
845
846	INTERFACE salsa_swap_timelevel
847	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_swap_timelevel
848	END INTERFACE salsa_swap_timelevel
849
850	INTERFACE salsa_tendency
851	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_tendency
852	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_tendency_ij
853	END INTERFACE salsa_tendency
854
855	INTERFACE salsa_wrd_local
856	MODULE PROCEDURE salsa_wrd_local
857	END INTERFACE salsa_wrd_local
858
859
860	SAVE
861
862	PRIVATE
863	!
864	!-- Public functions:
865	PUBLIC salsa_boundary_conds, salsa_check_data_output, salsa_check_parameters, &
866	salsa_3d_data_averaging, salsa_data_output_2d, salsa_data_output_3d, &
867	salsa_data_output_mask, salsa_define_netcdf_grid, salsa_diagnostics, salsa_driver, &
868	salsa_emission_update, salsa_header, salsa_init, salsa_init_arrays, salsa_parin, &
869	salsa_rrd_local, salsa_swap_timelevel, salsa_prognostic_equations, salsa_wrd_local, &
870	salsa_actions, salsa_non_advective_processes, salsa_exchange_horiz_bounds, &
871	salsa_check_data_output_pr, salsa_statistics
872	!
873	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
874	PUBLIC bc_am_t_val, bc_an_t_val, bc_gt_t_val, dots_salsa, dt_salsa, &
875	ibc_salsa_b, last_salsa_time, lsdepo, nest_salsa, salsa, salsa_gases_from_chem, &
876	skip_time_do_salsa
877	!
878	!-- Public prognostic variables
879	PUBLIC aerosol_mass, aerosol_number, gconc_2, mconc_2, nbins_aerosol, ncc, ncomponents_mass, &
880	nclim, nconc_2, ngases_salsa, prtcl, ra_dry, salsa_gas, sedim_vd
881
882
883	CONTAINS
884
885	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
886	! Description:
887	! ------------
888	!> Parin for &salsa_par for new modules
889	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
890	SUBROUTINE salsa_parin
891
892	USE control_parameters, &
893	ONLY: data_output_pr
894
895	IMPLICIT NONE
896
897	CHARACTER(LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of parameter file
898
899	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index
900	INTEGER(iwp) :: max_pr_salsa_tmp !< dummy variable
901
902	NAMELIST /salsa_parameters/ aerosol_flux_dpg, &
903	aerosol_flux_mass_fracs_a, &
904	aerosol_flux_mass_fracs_b, &
905	aerosol_flux_sigmag, &
906	advect_particle_water, &
907	bc_salsa_b, &
908	bc_salsa_t, &
909	decycle_salsa_lr, &
910	decycle_method_salsa, &
911	decycle_salsa_ns, &
912	depo_pcm_par, &
913	depo_pcm_type, &
914	depo_surf_par, &
915	dpg, &
916	dt_salsa, &
917	emiss_factor_main, &
918	emiss_factor_side, &
919	feedback_to_palm, &
920	h2so4_init, &
921	hno3_init, &
922	init_gases_type, &
923	init_aerosol_type, &
924	listspec, &
925	main_street_id, &
926	mass_fracs_a, &
927	mass_fracs_b, &
928	max_street_id, &
929	n_lognorm, &
930	nbin, &
931	nest_salsa, &
932	nf2a, &
933	nh3_init, &
934	nj3, &
935	nlcnd, &
936	nlcndgas, &
937	nlcndh2oae, &
938	nlcoag, &
939	nldepo, &
940	nldepo_pcm, &
941	nldepo_surf, &
942	nldistupdate, &
943	nsnucl, &
944	ocnv_init, &
945	ocsv_init, &
946	read_restart_data_salsa, &
947	reglim, &
948	salsa, &
949	salsa_emission_mode, &
950	sigmag, &
951	side_street_id, &
952	skip_time_do_salsa, &
953	surface_aerosol_flux, &
954	van_der_waals_coagc, &
955	write_binary_salsa
956
957	line = ' '
958	!
959	!-- Try to find salsa package
960	REWIND ( 11 )
961	line = ' '
962	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&salsa_parameters' ) == 0 )
963	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
964	ENDDO
965	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
966	!
967	!-- Read user-defined namelist
968	READ ( 11, salsa_parameters )
969	!
970	!-- Enable salsa (salsa switch in modules.f90)
971	salsa = .TRUE.
972
973	10 CONTINUE
974	!
975	!-- Update the number of output profiles
976	max_pr_salsa_tmp = 0
977	i = 1
978	DO WHILE ( data_output_pr(i) /= ' ' .AND. i <= 100 )
979	IF ( TRIM( data_output_pr(i)(1:6) ) == 'salsa_' ) max_pr_salsa_tmp = max_pr_salsa_tmp + 1
980	i = i + 1
981	ENDDO
982	IF ( max_pr_salsa_tmp > 0 ) max_pr_salsa = max_pr_salsa_tmp
983
984	END SUBROUTINE salsa_parin
985
986	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
987	! Description:
988	! ------------
989	!> Check parameters routine for salsa.
990	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
991	SUBROUTINE salsa_check_parameters
992
993	USE control_parameters, &
994	ONLY: humidity
995
996	IMPLICIT NONE
997
998	!
999	!-- Checks go here (cf. check_parameters.f90).
1000	IF ( salsa .AND. .NOT. humidity ) THEN
1001	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'salsa = ', salsa, ' is not allowed with humidity = ', humidity
1002	CALL message( 'salsa_check_parameters', 'PA0594', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1003	ENDIF
1004
1005	IF ( bc_salsa_b == 'dirichlet' ) THEN
1006	ibc_salsa_b = 0
1007	ELSEIF ( bc_salsa_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
1008	ibc_salsa_b = 1
1009	ELSE
1010	message_string = 'unknown boundary condition: bc_salsa_b = "' // TRIM( bc_salsa_t ) // '"'
1011	CALL message( 'salsa_check_parameters', 'PA0595', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1012	ENDIF
1013
1014	IF ( bc_salsa_t == 'dirichlet' ) THEN
1015	ibc_salsa_t = 0
1016	ELSEIF ( bc_salsa_t == 'neumann' ) THEN
1017	ibc_salsa_t = 1
1018	ELSEIF ( bc_salsa_t == 'nested' ) THEN
1019	ibc_salsa_t = 2
1020	ELSE
1021	message_string = 'unknown boundary condition: bc_salsa_t = "' // TRIM( bc_salsa_t ) // '"'
1022	CALL message( 'salsa_check_parameters', 'PA0596', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1023	ENDIF
1024
1025	IF ( nj3 < 1 .OR. nj3 > 3 ) THEN
1026	message_string = 'unknown nj3 (must be 1-3)'
1027	CALL message( 'salsa_check_parameters', 'PA0597', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1028	ENDIF
1029
1030	IF ( salsa_emission_mode /= 'no_emission' .AND. ibc_salsa_b == 0 ) THEN
1031	message_string = 'salsa_emission_mode /= "no_emission" requires bc_salsa_b = "Neumann"'
1032	CALL message( 'salsa_check_parameters','PA0598', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1033	ENDIF
1034
1035	IF ( salsa_emission_mode /= 'no_emission' ) include_emission = .TRUE.
1036
1037	END SUBROUTINE salsa_check_parameters
1038
1039	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1040	!
1041	! Description:
1042	! ------------
1043	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
1044	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
1045	!> Same grid as for other scalars (see netcdf_interface_mod.f90)
1046	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1047	SUBROUTINE salsa_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
1048
1049	IMPLICIT NONE
1050
1051	CHARACTER(LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
1052	CHARACTER(LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
1053	CHARACTER(LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
1054	CHARACTER(LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
1055
1056	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
1057
1058	found = .TRUE.
1059	!
1060	!-- Check for the grid
1061
1062	IF ( var(1:6) == 'salsa_' ) THEN ! same grid for all salsa output variables
1063	grid_x = 'x'
1064	grid_y = 'y'
1065	grid_z = 'zu'
1066	ELSE
1067	found = .FALSE.
1068	grid_x = 'none'
1069	grid_y = 'none'
1070	grid_z = 'none'
1071	ENDIF
1072
1073	END SUBROUTINE salsa_define_netcdf_grid
1074
1075	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1076	! Description:
1077	! ------------
1078	!> Header output for new module
1079	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1080	SUBROUTINE salsa_header( io )
1081
1082	USE indices, &
1083	ONLY: nx, ny, nz
1084
1085	IMPLICIT NONE
1086
1087	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1088	!
1089	!-- Write SALSA header
1090	WRITE( io, 1 )
1091	WRITE( io, 2 ) skip_time_do_salsa
1092	WRITE( io, 3 ) dt_salsa
1093	WRITE( io, 4 ) nz, ny, nx, nbins_aerosol
1094	IF ( advect_particle_water ) THEN
1095	WRITE( io, 5 ) nz, ny, nx, ncomponents_mass*nbins_aerosol, advect_particle_water
1096	ELSE
1097	WRITE( io, 5 ) nz, ny, nx, ncc*nbins_aerosol, advect_particle_water
1098	ENDIF
1099	IF ( .NOT. salsa_gases_from_chem ) THEN
1100	WRITE( io, 6 ) nz, ny, nx, ngases_salsa, salsa_gases_from_chem
1101	ENDIF
1102	WRITE( io, 7 )
1103	IF ( nsnucl > 0 ) WRITE( io, 8 ) nsnucl, nj3
1104	IF ( nlcoag ) WRITE( io, 9 )
1105	IF ( nlcnd ) WRITE( io, 10 ) nlcndgas, nlcndh2oae
1106	IF ( lspartition ) WRITE( io, 11 )
1107	IF ( nldepo ) WRITE( io, 12 ) nldepo_pcm, nldepo_surf
1108	WRITE( io, 13 ) reglim, nbin, bin_low_limits
1109	IF ( init_aerosol_type == 0 ) WRITE( io, 14 ) nsect
1110	WRITE( io, 15 ) ncc, listspec, mass_fracs_a, mass_fracs_b
1111	IF ( .NOT. salsa_gases_from_chem ) THEN
1112	WRITE( io, 16 ) ngases_salsa, h2so4_init, hno3_init, nh3_init, ocnv_init, ocsv_init
1113	ENDIF
1114	WRITE( io, 17 ) init_aerosol_type, init_gases_type
1115	IF ( init_aerosol_type == 0 ) THEN
1116	WRITE( io, 18 ) dpg, sigmag, n_lognorm
1117	ELSE
1118	WRITE( io, 19 )
1119	ENDIF
1120	IF ( nest_salsa ) WRITE( io, 20 ) nest_salsa
1121	WRITE( io, 21 ) salsa_emission_mode
1122	IF ( salsa_emission_mode == 'uniform' ) THEN
1123	WRITE( io, 22 ) surface_aerosol_flux, aerosol_flux_dpg, aerosol_flux_sigmag, &
1124	aerosol_flux_mass_fracs_a
1125	ENDIF
1126	IF ( SUM( aerosol_flux_mass_fracs_b ) > 0.0_wp .OR. salsa_emission_mode == 'read_from_file' ) &
1127	THEN
1128	WRITE( io, 23 )
1129	ENDIF
1130
1131	1 FORMAT (//' SALSA information:'/ &
1132	' ------------------------------'/)
1133	2 FORMAT (' Starts at: skip_time_do_salsa = ', F10.2, ' s')
1134	3 FORMAT (/' Timestep: dt_salsa = ', F6.2, ' s')
1135	4 FORMAT (/' Array shape (z,y,x,bins):'/ &
1136	' aerosol_number: ', 4(I3))
1137	5 FORMAT (/' aerosol_mass: ', 4(I3),/ &
1138	' (advect_particle_water = ', L1, ')')
1139	6 FORMAT (' salsa_gas: ', 4(I3),/ &
1140	' (salsa_gases_from_chem = ', L1, ')')
1141	7 FORMAT (/' Aerosol dynamic processes included: ')
1142	8 FORMAT (/' nucleation (scheme = ', I1, ' and J3 parametrization = ', I1, ')')
1143	9 FORMAT (/' coagulation')
1144	10 FORMAT (/' condensation (of precursor gases = ', L1, ' and water vapour = ', L1, ')' )
1145	11 FORMAT (/' dissolutional growth by HNO3 and NH3')
1146	12 FORMAT (/' dry deposition (on vegetation = ', L1, ' and on topography = ', L1, ')')
1147	13 FORMAT (/' Aerosol bin subrange limits (in metres): ', 3(ES10.2E3), / &
1148	' Number of size bins for each aerosol subrange: ', 2I3,/ &
1149	' Aerosol bin limits (in metres): ', 9(ES10.2E3))
1150	14 FORMAT (' Initial number concentration in bins at the lowest level (#/m**3):', 9(ES10.2E3))
1151	15 FORMAT (/' Number of chemical components used: ', I1,/ &
1152	' Species: ',7(A6),/ &
1153	' Initial relative contribution of each species to particle volume in:',/ &
1154	' a-bins: ', 7(F6.3),/ &
1155	' b-bins: ', 7(F6.3))
1156	16 FORMAT (/' Number of gaseous tracers used: ', I1,/ &
1157	' Initial gas concentrations:',/ &
1158	' H2SO4: ',ES12.4E3, ' #/m**3',/ &
1159	' HNO3: ',ES12.4E3, ' #/m**3',/ &
1160	' NH3: ',ES12.4E3, ' #/m**3',/ &
1161	' OCNV: ',ES12.4E3, ' #/m**3',/ &
1162	' OCSV: ',ES12.4E3, ' #/m**3')
1163	17 FORMAT (/' Initialising concentrations: ', / &
1164	' Aerosol size distribution: init_aerosol_type = ', I1,/ &
1165	' Gas concentrations: init_gases_type = ', I1 )
1166	18 FORMAT ( ' Mode diametres: dpg(nmod) = ', 7(F7.3), ' (m)', / &
1167	' Standard deviation: sigmag(nmod) = ', 7(F7.2),/ &
1168	' Number concentration: n_lognorm(nmod) = ', 7(ES12.4E3), ' (#/m3)' )
1169	19 FORMAT (/' Size distribution read from a file.')
1170	20 FORMAT (/' Nesting for salsa variables: ', L1 )
1171	21 FORMAT (/' Emissions: salsa_emission_mode = ', A )
1172	22 FORMAT (/' surface_aerosol_flux = ', ES12.4E3, ' #/m**2/s', / &
1173	' aerosol_flux_dpg = ', 7(F7.3), ' (m)', / &
1174	' aerosol_flux_sigmag = ', 7(F7.2), / &
1175	' aerosol_mass_fracs_a = ', 7(ES12.4E3) )
1176	23 FORMAT (/' (currently all emissions are soluble!)')
1177
1178	END SUBROUTINE salsa_header
1179
1180	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1181	! Description:
1182	! ------------
1183	!> Allocate SALSA arrays and define pointers if required
1184	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1185	SUBROUTINE salsa_init_arrays
1186
1187	USE advec_ws, &
1188	ONLY: ws_init_flags_scalar
1189
1190	USE surface_mod, &
1191	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
1192
1193	IMPLICIT NONE
1194
1195	INTEGER(iwp) :: gases_available !< Number of available gas components in the chemistry model
1196	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index for allocating
1197	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< index for indexing chemical components
1198	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for allocating: surfaces
1199	INTEGER(iwp) :: lsp !< loop index for chem species in the chemistry model
1200
1201	gases_available = 0
1202	!
1203	!-- Allocate prognostic variables (see salsa_swap_timelevel)
1204	!
1205	!-- Set derived indices:
1206	!-- (This does the same as the subroutine salsa_initialize in SALSA/UCLALES-SALSA)
1207	start_subrange_1a = 1 ! 1st index of subrange 1a
1208	start_subrange_2a = start_subrange_1a + nbin(1) ! 1st index of subrange 2a
1209	end_subrange_1a = start_subrange_2a - 1 ! last index of subrange 1a
1210	end_subrange_2a = end_subrange_1a + nbin(2) ! last index of subrange 2a
1211
1212	!
1213	!-- If the fraction of insoluble aerosols in subrange 2 is zero: do not allocate arrays for them
1214	IF ( nf2a > 0.999999_wp .AND. SUM( mass_fracs_b ) < 0.00001_wp ) THEN
1215	no_insoluble = .TRUE.
1216	start_subrange_2b = end_subrange_2a+1 ! 1st index of subrange 2b
1217	end_subrange_2b = end_subrange_2a ! last index of subrange 2b
1218	ELSE
1219	start_subrange_2b = start_subrange_2a + nbin(2) ! 1st index of subrange 2b
1220	end_subrange_2b = end_subrange_2a + nbin(2) ! last index of subrange 2b
1221	ENDIF
1222
1223	nbins_aerosol = end_subrange_2b ! total number of aerosol size bins
1224	!
1225	!-- Create index tables for different aerosol components
1226	CALL component_index_constructor( prtcl, ncc, maxspec, listspec )
1227
1228	ncomponents_mass = ncc
1229	IF ( advect_particle_water ) ncomponents_mass = ncc + 1 ! Add water
1230	!
1231	!-- Indices for chemical components used (-1 = not used)
1232	ii = 0
1233	IF ( is_used( prtcl, 'SO4' ) ) THEN
1234	index_so4 = get_index( prtcl,'SO4' )
1235	ii = ii + 1
1236	ENDIF
1237	IF ( is_used( prtcl,'OC' ) ) THEN
1238	index_oc = get_index(prtcl, 'OC')
1239	ii = ii + 1
1240	ENDIF
1241	IF ( is_used( prtcl, 'BC' ) ) THEN
1242	index_bc = get_index( prtcl, 'BC' )
1243	ii = ii + 1
1244	ENDIF
1245	IF ( is_used( prtcl, 'DU' ) ) THEN
1246	index_du = get_index( prtcl, 'DU' )
1247	ii = ii + 1
1248	ENDIF
1249	IF ( is_used( prtcl, 'SS' ) ) THEN
1250	index_ss = get_index( prtcl, 'SS' )
1251	ii = ii + 1
1252	ENDIF
1253	IF ( is_used( prtcl, 'NO' ) ) THEN
1254	index_no = get_index( prtcl, 'NO' )
1255	ii = ii + 1
1256	ENDIF
1257	IF ( is_used( prtcl, 'NH' ) ) THEN
1258	index_nh = get_index( prtcl, 'NH' )
1259	ii = ii + 1
1260	ENDIF
1261	!
1262	!-- All species must be known
1263	IF ( ii /= ncc ) THEN
1264	message_string = 'Unknown aerosol species/component(s) given in the initialization'
1265	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: salsa_init', 'PA0600', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1266	ENDIF
1267	!
1268	!-- Allocate:
1269	ALLOCATE( aero(nbins_aerosol), bc_am_t_val(nbins_aerosol*ncomponents_mass), &
1270	bc_an_t_val(nbins_aerosol), bc_gt_t_val(ngases_salsa), bin_low_limits(nbins_aerosol),&
1271	nsect(nbins_aerosol), massacc(nbins_aerosol) )
1272	ALLOCATE( k_topo_top(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1273	IF ( nldepo ) ALLOCATE( sedim_vd(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,nbins_aerosol) )
1274	ALLOCATE( ra_dry(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,nbins_aerosol) )
1275	!
1276	!-- Initialise the sectional particle size distribution
1277	CALL set_sizebins
1278	!
1279	!-- Aerosol number concentration
1280	ALLOCATE( aerosol_number(nbins_aerosol) )
1281	ALLOCATE( nconc_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,nbins_aerosol), &
1282	nconc_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,nbins_aerosol), &
1283	nconc_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,nbins_aerosol) )
1284	nconc_1 = 0.0_wp
1285	nconc_2 = 0.0_wp
1286	nconc_3 = 0.0_wp
1287
1288	DO i = 1, nbins_aerosol
1289	aerosol_number(i)%conc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => nconc_1(:,:,:,i)
1290	aerosol_number(i)%conc_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => nconc_2(:,:,:,i)
1291	aerosol_number(i)%tconc_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => nconc_3(:,:,:,i)
1292	ALLOCATE( aerosol_number(i)%flux_s(nzb+1:nzt,0:threads_per_task-1), &
1293	aerosol_number(i)%diss_s(nzb+1:nzt,0:threads_per_task-1), &
1294	aerosol_number(i)%flux_l(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,0:threads_per_task-1), &
1295	aerosol_number(i)%diss_l(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,0:threads_per_task-1), &
1296	aerosol_number(i)%init(nzb:nzt+1), &
1297	aerosol_number(i)%sums_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:threads_per_task-1) )
1298	aerosol_number(i)%init = nclim
1299	IF ( include_emission .OR. ( nldepo .AND. nldepo_surf ) ) THEN
1300	ALLOCATE( aerosol_number(i)%source(nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1301	aerosol_number(i)%source = 0.0_wp
1302	ENDIF
1303	ENDDO
1304
1305	!
1306	!-- Aerosol mass concentration
1307	ALLOCATE( aerosol_mass(ncomponents_mass*nbins_aerosol) )
1308	ALLOCATE( mconc_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,ncomponents_mass*nbins_aerosol), &
1309	mconc_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,ncomponents_mass*nbins_aerosol), &
1310	mconc_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,ncomponents_mass*nbins_aerosol) )
1311	mconc_1 = 0.0_wp
1312	mconc_2 = 0.0_wp
1313	mconc_3 = 0.0_wp
1314
1315	DO i = 1, ncomponents_mass*nbins_aerosol
1316	aerosol_mass(i)%conc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => mconc_1(:,:,:,i)
1317	aerosol_mass(i)%conc_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => mconc_2(:,:,:,i)
1318	aerosol_mass(i)%tconc_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => mconc_3(:,:,:,i)
1319	ALLOCATE( aerosol_mass(i)%flux_s(nzb+1:nzt,0:threads_per_task-1), &
1320	aerosol_mass(i)%diss_s(nzb+1:nzt,0:threads_per_task-1), &
1321	aerosol_mass(i)%flux_l(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,0:threads_per_task-1), &
1322	aerosol_mass(i)%diss_l(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,0:threads_per_task-1), &
1323	aerosol_mass(i)%init(nzb:nzt+1), &
1324	aerosol_mass(i)%sums_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:threads_per_task-1) )
1325	aerosol_mass(i)%init = mclim
1326	IF ( include_emission .OR. ( nldepo .AND. nldepo_surf ) ) THEN
1327	ALLOCATE( aerosol_mass(i)%source(nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
1328	aerosol_mass(i)%source = 0.0_wp
1329	ENDIF
1330	ENDDO
1331
1332	!
1333	!-- Surface fluxes: answs = aerosol number, amsws = aerosol mass
1334	!
1335	!-- Horizontal surfaces: default type
1336	DO l = 0, 2 ! upward (l=0), downward (l=1) and model top (l=2)
1337	ALLOCATE( surf_def_h(l)%answs( 1:surf_def_h(l)%ns, nbins_aerosol ) )
1338	ALLOCATE( surf_def_h(l)%amsws( 1:surf_def_h(l)%ns, nbins_aerosol*ncomponents_mass ) )
1339	surf_def_h(l)%answs = 0.0_wp
1340	surf_def_h(l)%amsws = 0.0_wp
1341	ENDDO
1342	!
1343	!-- Horizontal surfaces: natural type
1344	ALLOCATE( surf_lsm_h%answs( 1:surf_lsm_h%ns, nbins_aerosol ) )
1345	ALLOCATE( surf_lsm_h%amsws( 1:surf_lsm_h%ns, nbins_aerosol*ncomponents_mass ) )
1346	surf_lsm_h%answs = 0.0_wp
1347	surf_lsm_h%amsws = 0.0_wp
1348	!
1349	!-- Horizontal surfaces: urban type
1350	ALLOCATE( surf_usm_h%answs( 1:surf_usm_h%ns, nbins_aerosol ) )
1351	ALLOCATE( surf_usm_h%amsws( 1:surf_usm_h%ns, nbins_aerosol*ncomponents_mass ) )
1352	surf_usm_h%answs = 0.0_wp
1353	surf_usm_h%amsws = 0.0_wp
1354
1355	!
1356	!-- Vertical surfaces: northward (l=0), southward (l=1), eastward (l=2) and westward (l=3) facing
1357	DO l = 0, 3
1358	ALLOCATE( surf_def_v(l)%answs( 1:surf_def_v(l)%ns, nbins_aerosol ) )
1359	surf_def_v(l)%answs = 0.0_wp
1360	ALLOCATE( surf_def_v(l)%amsws( 1:surf_def_v(l)%ns, nbins_aerosol*ncomponents_mass ) )
1361	surf_def_v(l)%amsws = 0.0_wp
1362
1363	ALLOCATE( surf_lsm_v(l)%answs( 1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns, nbins_aerosol ) )
1364	surf_lsm_v(l)%answs = 0.0_wp
1365	ALLOCATE( surf_lsm_v(l)%amsws( 1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns, nbins_aerosol*ncomponents_mass ) )
1366	surf_lsm_v(l)%amsws = 0.0_wp
1367
1368	ALLOCATE( surf_usm_v(l)%answs( 1:surf_usm_v(l)%ns, nbins_aerosol ) )
1369	surf_usm_v(l)%answs = 0.0_wp
1370	ALLOCATE( surf_usm_v(l)%amsws( 1:surf_usm_v(l)%ns, nbins_aerosol*ncomponents_mass ) )
1371	surf_usm_v(l)%amsws = 0.0_wp
1372
1373	ENDDO
1374
1375	!
1376	!-- Concentration of gaseous tracers (1. SO4, 2. HNO3, 3. NH3, 4. OCNV, 5. OCSV)
1377	!-- (number concentration (#/m3) )
1378	!
1379	!-- If chemistry is on, read gas phase concentrations from there. Otherwise,
1380	!-- allocate salsa_gas array.
1381
1382	IF ( air_chemistry ) THEN
1383	DO lsp = 1, nvar
1384	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( chem_species(lsp)%name ) )
1385	CASE ( 'H2SO4', 'h2so4' )
1386	gases_available = gases_available + 1
1387	gas_index_chem(1) = lsp
1388	CASE ( 'HNO3', 'hno3' )
1389	gases_available = gases_available + 1
1390	gas_index_chem(2) = lsp
1391	CASE ( 'NH3', 'nh3' )
1392	gases_available = gases_available + 1
1393	gas_index_chem(3) = lsp
1394	CASE ( 'OCNV', 'ocnv' )
1395	gases_available = gases_available + 1
1396	gas_index_chem(4) = lsp
1397	CASE ( 'OCSV', 'ocsv' )
1398	gases_available = gases_available + 1
1399	gas_index_chem(5) = lsp
1400	END SELECT
1401	ENDDO
1402
1403	IF ( gases_available == ngases_salsa ) THEN
1404	salsa_gases_from_chem = .TRUE.
1405	ELSE
1406	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'SALSA is run together with chemistry but not all gaseous '// &
1407	'components are provided by kpp (H2SO4, HNO3, NH3, OCNV, OCSV)'
1408	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0599', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1409	ENDIF
1410
1411	ELSE
1412
1413	ALLOCATE( salsa_gas(ngases_salsa) )
1414	ALLOCATE( gconc_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,ngases_salsa), &
1415	gconc_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,ngases_salsa), &
1416	gconc_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,ngases_salsa) )
1417	gconc_1 = 0.0_wp
1418	gconc_2 = 0.0_wp
1419	gconc_3 = 0.0_wp
1420
1421	DO i = 1, ngases_salsa
1422	salsa_gas(i)%conc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => gconc_1(:,:,:,i)
1423	salsa_gas(i)%conc_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => gconc_2(:,:,:,i)
1424	salsa_gas(i)%tconc_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => gconc_3(:,:,:,i)
1425	ALLOCATE( salsa_gas(i)%flux_s(nzb+1:nzt,0:threads_per_task-1), &
1426	salsa_gas(i)%diss_s(nzb+1:nzt,0:threads_per_task-1), &
1427	salsa_gas(i)%flux_l(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,0:threads_per_task-1),&
1428	salsa_gas(i)%diss_l(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,0:threads_per_task-1),&
1429	salsa_gas(i)%init(nzb:nzt+1), &
1430	salsa_gas(i)%sums_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:threads_per_task-1) )
1431	salsa_gas(i)%init = nclim
1432	IF ( include_emission ) THEN
1433	ALLOCATE( salsa_gas(i)%source(nys:nys,nxl:nxr) )
1434	salsa_gas(i)%source = 0.0_wp
1435	ENDIF
1436	ENDDO
1437	!
1438	!-- Surface fluxes: gtsws = gaseous tracer flux
1439	!
1440	!-- Horizontal surfaces: default type
1441	DO l = 0, 2 ! upward (l=0), downward (l=1) and model top (l=2)
1442	ALLOCATE( surf_def_h(l)%gtsws( 1:surf_def_h(l)%ns, ngases_salsa ) )
1443	surf_def_h(l)%gtsws = 0.0_wp
1444	ENDDO
1445	!-- Horizontal surfaces: natural type
1446	ALLOCATE( surf_lsm_h%gtsws( 1:surf_lsm_h%ns, ngases_salsa ) )
1447	surf_lsm_h%gtsws = 0.0_wp
1448	!-- Horizontal surfaces: urban type
1449	ALLOCATE( surf_usm_h%gtsws( 1:surf_usm_h%ns, ngases_salsa ) )
1450	surf_usm_h%gtsws = 0.0_wp
1451	!
1452	!-- Vertical surfaces: northward (l=0), southward (l=1), eastward (l=2) and
1453	!-- westward (l=3) facing
1454	DO l = 0, 3
1455	ALLOCATE( surf_def_v(l)%gtsws( 1:surf_def_v(l)%ns, ngases_salsa ) )
1456	surf_def_v(l)%gtsws = 0.0_wp
1457	ALLOCATE( surf_lsm_v(l)%gtsws( 1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns, ngases_salsa ) )
1458	surf_lsm_v(l)%gtsws = 0.0_wp
1459	ALLOCATE( surf_usm_v(l)%gtsws( 1:surf_usm_v(l)%ns, ngases_salsa ) )
1460	surf_usm_v(l)%gtsws = 0.0_wp
1461	ENDDO
1462	ENDIF
1463
1464	IF ( ws_scheme_sca ) THEN
1465
1466	IF ( salsa ) THEN
1467	ALLOCATE( sums_salsa_ws_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:threads_per_task-1) )
1468	sums_salsa_ws_l = 0.0_wp
1469	ENDIF
1470
1471	ENDIF
1472	!
1473	!-- Set control flags for decycling only at lateral boundary cores. Within the inner cores the
1474	!-- decycle flag is set to .FALSE.. Even though it does not affect the setting of chemistry boundary
1475	!-- conditions, this flag is used to set advection control flags appropriately.
1476	decycle_salsa_lr = MERGE( decycle_salsa_lr, .FALSE., nxl == 0 .OR. nxr == nx )
1477	decycle_salsa_ns = MERGE( decycle_salsa_ns, .FALSE., nys == 0 .OR. nyn == ny )
1478	!
1479	!-- Decycling can be applied separately for aerosol variables, while wind and other scalars may have
1480	!-- cyclic or nested boundary conditions. However, large gradients near the boundaries may produce
1481	!-- stationary numerical oscillations near the lateral boundaries when a higher-order scheme is
1482	!-- applied near these boundaries. To get rid-off this, set-up additional flags that control the
1483	!-- order of the scalar advection scheme near the lateral boundaries for passive scalars with
1484	!-- decycling.
1485	IF ( scalar_advec == 'ws-scheme' ) THEN
1486	ALLOCATE( salsa_advc_flags_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1487	!
1488	!-- In case of decycling, set Neuman boundary conditions for wall_flags_0 bit 31 instead of
1489	!-- cyclic boundary conditions. Bit 31 is used to identify extended degradation zones (please see
1490	!-- the following comment). Note, since several also other modules may access this bit but may
1491	!-- have other boundary conditions, the original value of wall_flags_0 bit 31 must not be
1492	!-- modified. Hence, store the boundary conditions directly on salsa_advc_flags_s.
1493	!-- salsa_advc_flags_s will be later overwritten in ws_init_flags_scalar and bit 31 won't be used
1494	!-- to control the numerical order.
1495	!-- Initialize with flag 31 only.
1496	salsa_advc_flags_s = 0
1497	salsa_advc_flags_s = MERGE( IBSET( salsa_advc_flags_s, 31 ), 0, BTEST( wall_flags_0, 31 ) )
1498
1499	IF ( decycle_salsa_ns ) THEN
1500	IF ( nys == 0 ) THEN
1501	DO i = 1, nbgp
1502	salsa_advc_flags_s(:,nys-i,:) = MERGE( IBSET( salsa_advc_flags_s(:,nys,:), 31 ), &
1503	IBCLR( salsa_advc_flags_s(:,nys,:), 31 ), &
1504	BTEST( salsa_advc_flags_s(:,nys,:), 31 ) )
1505	ENDDO
1506	ENDIF
1507	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1508	DO i = 1, nbgp
1509	salsa_advc_flags_s(:,nyn+i,:) = MERGE( IBSET( salsa_advc_flags_s(:,nyn,:), 31 ), &
1510	IBCLR( salsa_advc_flags_s(:,nyn,:), 31 ), &
1511	BTEST( salsa_advc_flags_s(:,nyn,:), 31 ) )
1512	ENDDO
1513	ENDIF
1514	ENDIF
1515	IF ( decycle_salsa_lr ) THEN
1516	IF ( nxl == 0 ) THEN
1517	DO i = 1, nbgp
1518	salsa_advc_flags_s(:,:,nxl-i) = MERGE( IBSET( salsa_advc_flags_s(:,:,nxl), 31 ), &
1519	IBCLR( salsa_advc_flags_s(:,:,nxl), 31 ), &
1520	BTEST( salsa_advc_flags_s(:,:,nxl), 31 ) )
1521	ENDDO
1522	ENDIF
1523	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1524	DO i = 1, nbgp
1525	salsa_advc_flags_s(:,:,nxr+i) = MERGE( IBSET( salsa_advc_flags_s(:,:,nxr), 31 ), &
1526	IBCLR( salsa_advc_flags_s(:,:,nxr), 31 ), &
1527	BTEST( salsa_advc_flags_s(:,:,nxr), 31 ) )
1528	ENDDO
1529	ENDIF
1530	ENDIF
1531	!
1532	!-- To initialise the advection flags appropriately, pass the boundary flags to
1533	!-- ws_init_flags_scalar. The last argument in ws_init_flags_scalar indicates that a passive
1534	!-- scalar is being treated and the horizontal advection terms are degraded already 2 grid points
1535	!-- before the lateral boundary. Also, extended degradation zones are applied, where
1536	!-- horizontal advection of scalars is discretised by the first-order scheme at all grid points
1537	!-- in the vicinity of buildings (<= 3 grid points). Even though no building is within the
1538	!-- numerical stencil, the first-order scheme is used. At fourth and fifth grid points, the order
1539	!-- of the horizontal advection scheme is successively upgraded.
1540	!-- These degradations of the advection scheme are done to avoid stationary numerical
1541	!-- oscillations, which are responsible for high concentration maxima that may appear e.g. under
1542	!-- shear-free stable conditions.
1543	CALL ws_init_flags_scalar( bc_dirichlet_l .OR. bc_radiation_l .OR. decycle_salsa_lr, &
1544	bc_dirichlet_n .OR. bc_radiation_n .OR. decycle_salsa_ns, &
1545	bc_dirichlet_r .OR. bc_radiation_r .OR. decycle_salsa_lr, &
1546	bc_dirichlet_s .OR. bc_radiation_s .OR. decycle_salsa_ns, &
1547	salsa_advc_flags_s, .TRUE. )
1548	ENDIF
1549
1550
1551	END SUBROUTINE salsa_init_arrays
1552
1553	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1554	! Description:
1555	! ------------
1556	!> Initialization of SALSA. Based on salsa_initialize in UCLALES-SALSA.
1557	!> Subroutines salsa_initialize, SALSAinit and DiagInitAero in UCLALES-SALSA are
1558	!> also merged here.
1559	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1560	SUBROUTINE salsa_init
1561
1562	IMPLICIT NONE
1563
1564	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
1565	INTEGER(iwp) :: ib !< loop index for aerosol number bins
1566	INTEGER(iwp) :: ic !< loop index for aerosol mass bins
1567	INTEGER(iwp) :: ig !< loop index for gases
1568	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
1569
1570	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'salsa_init', 'start' )
1571
1572	bin_low_limits = 0.0_wp
1573	k_topo_top = 0
1574	nsect = 0.0_wp
1575	massacc = 1.0_wp
1576	!
1577	!-- Initialise
1578	IF ( nldepo ) sedim_vd = 0.0_wp
1579
1580	IF ( .NOT. salsa_gases_from_chem ) THEN
1581	IF ( .NOT. read_restart_data_salsa ) THEN
1582	salsa_gas(1)%conc = h2so4_init
1583	salsa_gas(2)%conc = hno3_init
1584	salsa_gas(3)%conc = nh3_init
1585	salsa_gas(4)%conc = ocnv_init
1586	salsa_gas(5)%conc = ocsv_init
1587	ENDIF
1588	DO ig = 1, ngases_salsa
1589	salsa_gas(ig)%conc_p = 0.0_wp
1590	salsa_gas(ig)%tconc_m = 0.0_wp
1591	salsa_gas(ig)%flux_s = 0.0_wp
1592	salsa_gas(ig)%diss_s = 0.0_wp
1593	salsa_gas(ig)%flux_l = 0.0_wp
1594	salsa_gas(ig)%diss_l = 0.0_wp
1595	salsa_gas(ig)%sums_ws_l = 0.0_wp
1596	salsa_gas(ig)%conc_p = salsa_gas(ig)%conc
1597	ENDDO
1598	!
1599	!-- Set initial value for gas compound tracer
1600	salsa_gas(1)%init = h2so4_init
1601	salsa_gas(2)%init = hno3_init
1602	salsa_gas(3)%init = nh3_init
1603	salsa_gas(4)%init = ocnv_init
1604	salsa_gas(5)%init = ocsv_init
1605	ENDIF
1606	!
1607	!-- Aerosol radius in each bin: dry and wet (m)
1608	ra_dry = 1.0E-10_wp
1609	!
1610	!-- Initialise location-dependent aerosol size distributions and chemical compositions:
1611	CALL aerosol_init
1612
1613	!-- Initalisation run of SALSA + calculate the vertical top index of the topography
1614	DO i = nxl, nxr
1615	DO j = nys, nyn
1616
1617	k_topo_top(j,i) = MAXLOC( MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_0(:,j,i), 12 ) ), DIM = 1 ) - 1
1618
1619	CALL salsa_driver( i, j, 1 )
1620	CALL salsa_diagnostics( i, j )
1621	ENDDO
1622	ENDDO
1623
1624	DO ib = 1, nbins_aerosol
1625	aerosol_number(ib)%conc_p = aerosol_number(ib)%conc
1626	aerosol_number(ib)%tconc_m = 0.0_wp
1627	aerosol_number(ib)%flux_s = 0.0_wp
1628	aerosol_number(ib)%diss_s = 0.0_wp
1629	aerosol_number(ib)%flux_l = 0.0_wp
1630	aerosol_number(ib)%diss_l = 0.0_wp
1631	aerosol_number(ib)%sums_ws_l = 0.0_wp
1632	ENDDO
1633	DO ic = 1, ncomponents_mass*nbins_aerosol
1634	aerosol_mass(ic)%conc_p = aerosol_mass(ic)%conc
1635	aerosol_mass(ic)%tconc_m = 0.0_wp
1636	aerosol_mass(ic)%flux_s = 0.0_wp
1637	aerosol_mass(ic)%diss_s = 0.0_wp
1638	aerosol_mass(ic)%flux_l = 0.0_wp
1639	aerosol_mass(ic)%diss_l = 0.0_wp
1640	aerosol_mass(ic)%sums_ws_l = 0.0_wp
1641	ENDDO
1642	!
1643	!
1644	!-- Initialise the deposition scheme and surface types
1645	IF ( nldepo ) CALL init_deposition
1646
1647	IF ( include_emission ) THEN
1648	!
1649	!-- Read in and initialize emissions
1650	CALL salsa_emission_setup( .TRUE. )
1651	IF ( .NOT. salsa_gases_from_chem .AND. salsa_emission_mode == 'read_from_file' ) THEN
1652	CALL salsa_gas_emission_setup( .TRUE. )
1653	ENDIF
1654	ENDIF
1655	!
1656	!-- Partition and dissolutional growth by gaseous HNO3 and NH3
1657	IF ( index_no > 0 .AND. index_nh > 0 .AND. index_so4 > 0 ) lspartition = .TRUE.
1658
1659	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'salsa_init', 'end' )
1660
1661	END SUBROUTINE salsa_init
1662
1663	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1664	! Description:
1665	! ------------
1666	!> Initializes particle size distribution grid by calculating size bin limits
1667	!> and mid-size for dry particles in each bin. Called from salsa_initialize
1668	!> (only at the beginning of simulation).
1669	!> Size distribution described using:
1670	!> 1) moving center method (subranges 1 and 2)
1671	!> (Jacobson, Atmos. Env., 31, 131-144, 1997)
1672	!> 2) fixed sectional method (subrange 3)
1673	!> Size bins in each subrange are spaced logarithmically
1674	!> based on given subrange size limits and bin number.
1675	!
1676	!> Mona changed 06/2017: Use geometric mean diameter to describe the mean
1677	!> particle diameter in a size bin, not the arithmeric mean which clearly
1678	!> overestimates the total particle volume concentration.
1679	!
1680	!> Coded by:
1681	!> Hannele Korhonen (FMI) 2005
1682	!> Harri Kokkola (FMI) 2006
1683	!
1684	!> Bug fixes for box model + updated for the new aerosol datatype:
1685	!> Juha Tonttila (FMI) 2014
1686	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1687	SUBROUTINE set_sizebins
1688
1689	IMPLICIT NONE
1690
1691	INTEGER(iwp) :: cc !< running index
1692	INTEGER(iwp) :: dd !< running index
1693
1694	REAL(wp) :: ratio_d !< ratio of the upper and lower diameter of subranges
1695
1696	aero(:)%dwet = 1.0E-10_wp
1697	aero(:)%veqh2o = 1.0E-10_wp
1698	aero(:)%numc = nclim
1699	aero(:)%core = 1.0E-10_wp
1700	DO cc = 1, maxspec+1 ! 1:SO4, 2:OC, 3:BC, 4:DU, 5:SS, 6:NO, 7:NH, 8:H2O
1701	aero(:)%volc(cc) = 0.0_wp
1702	ENDDO
1703	!
1704	!-- vlolim&vhilim: min & max dry volumes [fxm]
1705	!-- dmid: bin mid dry diameter (m)
1706	!-- vratiolo&vratiohi: volume ratio between the center and low/high limit
1707	!
1708	!-- 1) Size subrange 1:
1709	ratio_d = reglim(2) / reglim(1) ! section spacing (m)
1710	DO cc = start_subrange_1a, end_subrange_1a
1711	aero(cc)%vlolim = api6 * ( reglim(1) * ratio_d( REAL( cc-1 ) / nbin(1) ) )3
1712	aero(cc)%vhilim = api6 * ( reglim(1) * ratio_d( REAL( cc ) / nbin(1) ) )3
1713	aero(cc)%dmid = SQRT( ( aero(cc)%vhilim / api6 )*0.33333333_wp &
1714	( aero(cc)%vlolim / api6 )**0.33333333_wp )
1715	aero(cc)%vratiohi = aero(cc)%vhilim / ( api6 * aero(cc)%dmid**3 )
1716	aero(cc)%vratiolo = aero(cc)%vlolim / ( api6 * aero(cc)%dmid**3 )
1717	ENDDO
1718	!
1719	!-- 2) Size subrange 2:
1720	!-- 2.1) Sub-subrange 2a: high hygroscopicity
1721	ratio_d = reglim(3) / reglim(2) ! section spacing
1722	DO dd = start_subrange_2a, end_subrange_2a
1723	cc = dd - start_subrange_2a
1724	aero(dd)%vlolim = api6 * ( reglim(2) * ratio_d( REAL( cc ) / nbin(2) ) )3
1725	aero(dd)%vhilim = api6 * ( reglim(2) * ratio_d( REAL( cc+1 ) / nbin(2) ) )3
1726	aero(dd)%dmid = SQRT( ( aero(dd)%vhilim / api6 )*0.33333333_wp &
1727	( aero(dd)%vlolim / api6 )**0.33333333_wp )
1728	aero(dd)%vratiohi = aero(dd)%vhilim / ( api6 * aero(dd)%dmid**3 )
1729	aero(dd)%vratiolo = aero(dd)%vlolim / ( api6 * aero(dd)%dmid**3 )
1730	ENDDO
1731	!
1732	!-- 2.2) Sub-subrange 2b: low hygroscopicity
1733	IF ( .NOT. no_insoluble ) THEN
1734	aero(start_subrange_2b:end_subrange_2b)%vlolim = aero(start_subrange_2a:end_subrange_2a)%vlolim
1735	aero(start_subrange_2b:end_subrange_2b)%vhilim = aero(start_subrange_2a:end_subrange_2a)%vhilim
1736	aero(start_subrange_2b:end_subrange_2b)%dmid = aero(start_subrange_2a:end_subrange_2a)%dmid
1737	aero(start_subrange_2b:end_subrange_2b)%vratiohi = aero(start_subrange_2a:end_subrange_2a)%vratiohi
1738	aero(start_subrange_2b:end_subrange_2b)%vratiolo = aero(start_subrange_2a:end_subrange_2a)%vratiolo
1739	ENDIF
1740	!
1741	!-- Initialize the wet diameter with the bin dry diameter to avoid numerical problems later
1742	aero(:)%dwet = aero(:)%dmid
1743	!
1744	!-- Save bin limits (lower diameter) to be delivered to PALM if needed
1745	DO cc = 1, nbins_aerosol
1746	bin_low_limits(cc) = ( aero(cc)%vlolim / api6 )**0.33333333_wp
1747	ENDDO
1748
1749	END SUBROUTINE set_sizebins
1750
1751	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1752	! Description:
1753	! ------------
1754	!> Initilize altitude-dependent aerosol size distributions and compositions.
1755	!>
1756	!> Mona added 06/2017: Correct the number and mass concentrations by normalizing
1757	!< by the given total number and mass concentration.
1758	!>
1759	!> Tomi Raatikainen, FMI, 29.2.2016
1760	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1761	SUBROUTINE aerosol_init
1762
1763	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
1764	ONLY: check_existence, close_input_file, get_dimension_length, &
1765	get_attribute, get_variable, &
1766	inquire_num_variables, inquire_variable_names, &
1767	open_read_file
1768
1769	IMPLICIT NONE
1770
1771	CHARACTER(LEN=25), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cc_name !< chemical component name
1772	CHARACTER(LEN=100), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_names !< variable names
1773
1774	INTEGER(iwp) :: ee !< index: end
1775	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index: x-direction
1776	INTEGER(iwp) :: ib !< loop index: size bins
1777	INTEGER(iwp) :: ic !< loop index: chemical components
1778	INTEGER(iwp) :: id_dyn !< NetCDF id of PIDS_DYNAMIC_SALSA
1779	INTEGER(iwp) :: ig !< loop index: gases
1780	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index: y-direction
1781	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index: z-direction
1782	INTEGER(iwp) :: lod_aero !< level of detail of inital aerosol concentrations
1783	INTEGER(iwp) :: num_vars !< number of variables
1784	INTEGER(iwp) :: pr_nbins !< number of aerosol size bins in file
1785	INTEGER(iwp) :: pr_ncc !< number of aerosol chemical components in file
1786	INTEGER(iwp) :: pr_nz !< number of vertical grid-points in file
1787	INTEGER(iwp) :: prunmode !< running mode of SALSA
1788	INTEGER(iwp) :: ss !< index: start
1789
1790	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(maxspec) :: cc_in2mod
1791
1792	LOGICAL :: netcdf_extend = .FALSE. !< Flag: netcdf file exists
1793
1794	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
1795
1796	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nbins_aerosol) :: core !< size of the bin mid aerosol particle
1797
1798	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:nz+1) :: pnf2a !< number fraction in 2a
1799	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:nz+1) :: pmfoc1a !< mass fraction of OC in 1a
1800
1801	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:nz+1,nbins_aerosol) :: pndist !< vertical profile of size dist. (#/m3)
1802	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:nz+1,maxspec) :: pmf2a !< mass distributions in subrange 2a
1803	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:nz+1,maxspec) :: pmf2b !< mass distributions in subrange 2b
1804
1805	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pr_dmid !< vertical profile of aerosol bin diameters
1806	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pr_z !< z levels of profiles
1807
1808	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pr_mass_fracs_a !< mass fraction: a
1809	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pr_mass_fracs_b !< and b
1810
1811	cc_in2mod = 0
1812	prunmode = 1
1813	!
1814	!-- Bin mean aerosol particle volume (m3)
1815	core(1:nbins_aerosol) = api6 * aero(1:nbins_aerosol)%dmid**3
1816	!
1817	!-- Set concentrations to zero
1818	pndist(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1819	pnf2a(:) = nf2a
1820	pmf2a(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1821	pmf2b(:,:) = 0.0_wp
1822	pmfoc1a(:) = 0.0_wp
1823
1824	IF ( init_aerosol_type == 1 ) THEN
1825	!
1826	!-- Read input profiles from PIDS_DYNAMIC_SALSA
1827	#if defined( __netcdf )
1828	!
1829	!-- Location-dependent size distributions and compositions.
1830	INQUIRE( FILE = TRIM( input_file_dynamic ) // TRIM( coupling_char ), EXIST = netcdf_extend )
1831	IF ( netcdf_extend ) THEN
1832	!
1833	!-- Open file in read-only mode
1834	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_dynamic ) // TRIM( coupling_char ), id_dyn )
1835	!
1836	!-- At first, inquire all variable names
1837	CALL inquire_num_variables( id_dyn, num_vars )
1838	!
1839	!-- Allocate memory to store variable names
1840	ALLOCATE( var_names(1:num_vars) )
1841	CALL inquire_variable_names( id_dyn, var_names )
1842	!
1843	!-- Inquire vertical dimension and number of aerosol chemical components
1844	CALL get_dimension_length( id_dyn, pr_nz, 'z' )
1845	IF ( pr_nz /= nz ) THEN
1846	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Number of inifor horizontal grid points does not match '//&
1847	'the number of numeric grid points.'
1848	CALL message( 'aerosol_init', 'PA0601', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1849	ENDIF
1850	CALL get_dimension_length( id_dyn, pr_ncc, 'composition_index' )
1851	!
1852	!-- Allocate memory
1853	ALLOCATE( pr_z(1:pr_nz), pr_mass_fracs_a(nzb:nzt+1,pr_ncc), &
1854	pr_mass_fracs_b(nzb:nzt+1,pr_ncc) )
1855	pr_mass_fracs_a = 0.0_wp
1856	pr_mass_fracs_b = 0.0_wp
1857	!
1858	!-- Read vertical levels
1859	CALL get_variable( id_dyn, 'z', pr_z )
1860	!
1861	!-- Read the names of chemical components
1862	IF ( check_existence( var_names, 'composition_name' ) ) THEN
1863	CALL get_variable( id_dyn, 'composition_name', cc_name, pr_ncc )
1864	ELSE
1865	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Missing composition_name in ' // TRIM( input_file_dynamic )
1866	CALL message( 'aerosol_init', 'PA0655', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1867	ENDIF
1868	!
1869	!-- Define the index of each chemical component in the model
1870	DO ic = 1, pr_ncc
1871	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( cc_name(ic) ) )
1872	CASE ( 'H2SO4', 'SO4', 'h2so4', 'so4' )
1873	cc_in2mod(1) = ic
1874	CASE ( 'OC', 'oc' )
1875	cc_in2mod(2) = ic
1876	CASE ( 'BC', 'bc' )
1877	cc_in2mod(3) = ic
1878	CASE ( 'DU', 'du' )
1879	cc_in2mod(4) = ic
1880	CASE ( 'SS', 'ss' )
1881	cc_in2mod(5) = ic
1882	CASE ( 'HNO3', 'hno3', 'NO3', 'no3', 'NO', 'no' )
1883	cc_in2mod(6) = ic
1884	CASE ( 'NH3', 'nh3', 'NH4', 'nh4', 'NH', 'nh' )
1885	cc_in2mod(7) = ic
1886	END SELECT
1887	ENDDO
1888
1889	IF ( SUM( cc_in2mod ) == 0 ) THEN
1890	message_string = 'None of the aerosol chemical components in ' // TRIM( &
1891	input_file_dynamic ) // ' correspond to ones applied in SALSA.'
1892	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: aerosol_init', 'PA0602', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1893	ENDIF
1894	!
1895	!-- Vertical profiles of mass fractions of different chemical components:
1896	IF ( check_existence( var_names, 'init_atmosphere_mass_fracs_a' ) ) THEN
1897	CALL get_variable( id_dyn, 'init_atmosphere_mass_fracs_a', pr_mass_fracs_a, &
1898	0, pr_ncc-1, 0, pr_nz-1 )
1899	ELSE
1900	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Missing init_atmosphere_mass_fracs_a in ' // &
1901	TRIM( input_file_dynamic )
1902	CALL message( 'aerosol_init', 'PA0656', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1903	ENDIF
1904	CALL get_variable( id_dyn, 'init_atmosphere_mass_fracs_b', pr_mass_fracs_b, &
1905	0, pr_ncc-1, 0, pr_nz-1 )
1906	!
1907	!-- Match the input data with the chemical composition applied in the model
1908	DO ic = 1, maxspec
1909	ss = cc_in2mod(ic)
1910	IF ( ss == 0 ) CYCLE
1911	pmf2a(nzb+1:nzt+1,ic) = pr_mass_fracs_a(nzb:nzt,ss)
1912	pmf2b(nzb+1:nzt+1,ic) = pr_mass_fracs_b(nzb:nzt,ss)
1913	ENDDO
1914	!
1915	!-- Aerosol concentrations: lod=1 (vertical profile of sectional number size distribution)
1916	CALL get_attribute( id_dyn, 'lod', lod_aero, .FALSE., 'init_atmosphere_aerosol' )
1917	IF ( lod_aero /= 1 ) THEN
1918	message_string = 'Currently only lod=1 accepted for init_atmosphere_aerosol'
1919	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: aerosol_init', 'PA0603', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1920	ELSE
1921	!
1922	!-- Bin mean diameters in the input file
1923	CALL get_dimension_length( id_dyn, pr_nbins, 'Dmid')
1924	IF ( pr_nbins /= nbins_aerosol ) THEN
1925	message_string = 'Number of size bins in init_atmosphere_aerosol does not match ' &
1926	// 'with that applied in the model'
1927	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: aerosol_init', 'PA0604', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1928	ENDIF
1929
1930	ALLOCATE( pr_dmid(pr_nbins) )
1931	pr_dmid = 0.0_wp
1932
1933	CALL get_variable( id_dyn, 'Dmid', pr_dmid )
1934	!
1935	!-- Check whether the sectional representation conform to the one
1936	!-- applied in the model
1937	IF ( ANY( ABS( ( aero(1:nbins_aerosol)%dmid - pr_dmid ) / &
1938	aero(1:nbins_aerosol)%dmid ) > 0.1_wp ) ) THEN
1939	message_string = 'Mean diameters of the aerosol size bins in ' // TRIM( &
1940	input_file_dynamic ) // ' do not match with the sectional '// &
1941	'representation of the model.'
1942	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: aerosol_init', 'PA0605', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1943	ENDIF
1944	!
1945	!-- Inital aerosol concentrations
1946	CALL get_variable( id_dyn, 'init_atmosphere_aerosol', pndist(nzb+1:nzt,:), &
1947	0, pr_nbins-1, 0, pr_nz-1 )
1948	ENDIF
1949	!
1950	!-- Set bottom and top boundary condition (Neumann)
1951	pmf2a(nzb,:) = pmf2a(nzb+1,:)
1952	pmf2a(nzt+1,:) = pmf2a(nzt,:)
1953	pmf2b(nzb,:) = pmf2b(nzb+1,:)
1954	pmf2b(nzt+1,:) = pmf2b(nzt,:)
1955	pndist(nzb,:) = pndist(nzb+1,:)
1956	pndist(nzt+1,:) = pndist(nzt,:)
1957
1958	IF ( index_so4 < 0 ) THEN
1959	pmf2a(:,1) = 0.0_wp
1960	pmf2b(:,1) = 0.0_wp
1961	ENDIF
1962	IF ( index_oc < 0 ) THEN
1963	pmf2a(:,2) = 0.0_wp
1964	pmf2b(:,2) = 0.0_wp
1965	ENDIF
1966	IF ( index_bc < 0 ) THEN
1967	pmf2a(:,3) = 0.0_wp
1968	pmf2b(:,3) = 0.0_wp
1969	ENDIF
1970	IF ( index_du < 0 ) THEN
1971	pmf2a(:,4) = 0.0_wp
1972	pmf2b(:,4) = 0.0_wp
1973	ENDIF
1974	IF ( index_ss < 0 ) THEN
1975	pmf2a(:,5) = 0.0_wp
1976	pmf2b(:,5) = 0.0_wp
1977	ENDIF
1978	IF ( index_no < 0 ) THEN
1979	pmf2a(:,6) = 0.0_wp
1980	pmf2b(:,6) = 0.0_wp
1981	ENDIF
1982	IF ( index_nh < 0 ) THEN
1983	pmf2a(:,7) = 0.0_wp
1984	pmf2b(:,7) = 0.0_wp
1985	ENDIF
1986
1987	IF ( SUM( pmf2a ) < 0.00001_wp .AND. SUM( pmf2b ) < 0.00001_wp ) THEN
1988	message_string = 'Error in initialising mass fractions of chemical components. ' // &
1989	'Check that all chemical components are included in parameter file!'
1990	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: aerosol_init', 'PA0606', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1991	ENDIF
1992	!
1993	!-- Then normalise the mass fraction so that SUM = 1
1994	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1995	pmf2a(k,:) = pmf2a(k,:) / SUM( pmf2a(k,:) )
1996	IF ( SUM( pmf2b(k,:) ) > 0.0_wp ) pmf2b(k,:) = pmf2b(k,:) / SUM( pmf2b(k,:) )
1997	ENDDO
1998
1999	DEALLOCATE( pr_z, pr_mass_fracs_a, pr_mass_fracs_b )
2000
2001	ELSE
2002	message_string = 'Input file '// TRIM( input_file_dynamic ) // TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2003	' for SALSA missing!'
2004	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: aerosol_init', 'PA0607', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2005	!
2006	!-- Close input file
2007	CALL close_input_file( id_dyn )
2008	ENDIF ! netcdf_extend
2009
2010	#else
2011	message_string = 'init_aerosol_type = 1 but preprocessor directive __netcdf is not used '// &
2012	'in compiling!'
2013	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: aerosol_init', 'PA0608', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2014
2015	#endif
2016
2017	ELSEIF ( init_aerosol_type == 0 ) THEN
2018	!
2019	!-- Mass fractions for species in a and b-bins
2020	IF ( index_so4 > 0 ) THEN
2021	pmf2a(:,1) = mass_fracs_a(index_so4)
2022	pmf2b(:,1) = mass_fracs_b(index_so4)
2023	ENDIF
2024	IF ( index_oc > 0 ) THEN
2025	pmf2a(:,2) = mass_fracs_a(index_oc)
2026	pmf2b(:,2) = mass_fracs_b(index_oc)
2027	ENDIF
2028	IF ( index_bc > 0 ) THEN
2029	pmf2a(:,3) = mass_fracs_a(index_bc)
2030	pmf2b(:,3) = mass_fracs_b(index_bc)
2031	ENDIF
2032	IF ( index_du > 0 ) THEN
2033	pmf2a(:,4) = mass_fracs_a(index_du)
2034	pmf2b(:,4) = mass_fracs_b(index_du)
2035	ENDIF
2036	IF ( index_ss > 0 ) THEN
2037	pmf2a(:,5) = mass_fracs_a(index_ss)
2038	pmf2b(:,5) = mass_fracs_b(index_ss)
2039	ENDIF
2040	IF ( index_no > 0 ) THEN
2041	pmf2a(:,6) = mass_fracs_a(index_no)
2042	pmf2b(:,6) = mass_fracs_b(index_no)
2043	ENDIF
2044	IF ( index_nh > 0 ) THEN
2045	pmf2a(:,7) = mass_fracs_a(index_nh)
2046	pmf2b(:,7) = mass_fracs_b(index_nh)
2047	ENDIF
2048	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
2049	pmf2a(k,:) = pmf2a(k,:) / SUM( pmf2a(k,:) )
2050	IF ( SUM( pmf2b(k,:) ) > 0.0_wp ) pmf2b(k,:) = pmf2b(k,:) / SUM( pmf2b(k,:) )
2051	ENDDO
2052
2053	CALL size_distribution( n_lognorm, dpg, sigmag, nsect )
2054	!
2055	!-- Normalize by the given total number concentration
2056	nsect = nsect * SUM( n_lognorm ) / SUM( nsect )
2057	DO ib = start_subrange_1a, end_subrange_2b
2058	pndist(:,ib) = nsect(ib)
2059	ENDDO
2060	ENDIF
2061
2062	IF ( init_gases_type == 1 ) THEN
2063	!
2064	!-- Read input profiles from PIDS_CHEM
2065	#if defined( __netcdf )
2066	!
2067	!-- Location-dependent size distributions and compositions.
2068	INQUIRE( FILE = TRIM( input_file_dynamic ) // TRIM( coupling_char ), EXIST = netcdf_extend )
2069	IF ( netcdf_extend .AND. .NOT. salsa_gases_from_chem ) THEN
2070	!
2071	!-- Open file in read-only mode
2072	CALL open_read_file( TRIM( input_file_dynamic ) // TRIM( coupling_char ), id_dyn )
2073	!
2074	!-- Inquire dimensions:
2075	CALL get_dimension_length( id_dyn, pr_nz, 'z' )
2076	IF ( pr_nz /= nz ) THEN
2077	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Number of inifor horizontal grid points does not match '//&
2078	'the number of numeric grid points.'
2079	CALL message( 'aerosol_init', 'PA0609', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2080	ENDIF
2081	!
2082	!-- Read vertical profiles of gases:
2083	CALL get_variable( id_dyn, 'init_atmosphere_h2so4', salsa_gas(1)%init(nzb+1:nzt) )
2084	CALL get_variable( id_dyn, 'init_atmosphere_hno3', salsa_gas(2)%init(nzb+1:nzt) )
2085	CALL get_variable( id_dyn, 'init_atmosphere_nh3', salsa_gas(3)%init(nzb+1:nzt) )
2086	CALL get_variable( id_dyn, 'init_atmosphere_ocnv', salsa_gas(4)%init(nzb+1:nzt) )
2087	CALL get_variable( id_dyn, 'init_atmosphere_ocsv', salsa_gas(5)%init(nzb+1:nzt) )
2088	!
2089	!-- Set Neumann top and surface boundary condition for initial + initialise concentrations
2090	DO ig = 1, ngases_salsa
2091	salsa_gas(ig)%init(nzb) = salsa_gas(ig)%init(nzb+1)
2092	salsa_gas(ig)%init(nzt+1) = salsa_gas(ig)%init(nzt)
2093	IF ( .NOT. read_restart_data_salsa ) THEN
2094	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
2095	salsa_gas(ig)%conc(k,:,:) = salsa_gas(ig)%init(k)
2096	ENDDO
2097	ENDIF
2098	ENDDO
2099
2100	ELSEIF ( .NOT. netcdf_extend .AND. .NOT. salsa_gases_from_chem ) THEN
2101	message_string = 'Input file '// TRIM( input_file_dynamic ) // TRIM( coupling_char ) // &
2102	' for SALSA missing!'
2103	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: aerosol_init', 'PA0610', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2104	!
2105	!-- Close input file
2106	CALL close_input_file( id_dyn )
2107	ENDIF ! netcdf_extend
2108	#else
2109	message_string = 'init_gases_type = 1 but preprocessor directive __netcdf is not used in '//&
2110	'compiling!'
2111	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: aerosol_init', 'PA0611', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2112
2113	#endif
2114
2115	ENDIF
2116	!
2117	!-- Both SO4 and OC are included, so use the given mass fractions
2118	IF ( index_oc > 0 .AND. index_so4 > 0 ) THEN
2119	pmfoc1a(:) = pmf2a(:,2) / ( pmf2a(:,2) + pmf2a(:,1) ) ! Normalize
2120	!
2121	!-- Pure organic carbon
2122	ELSEIF ( index_oc > 0 ) THEN
2123	pmfoc1a(:) = 1.0_wp
2124	!
2125	!-- Pure SO4
2126	ELSEIF ( index_so4 > 0 ) THEN
2127	pmfoc1a(:) = 0.0_wp
2128
2129	ELSE
2130	message_string = 'Either OC or SO4 must be active for aerosol region 1a!'
2131	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: aerosol_init', 'PA0612', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2132	ENDIF
2133
2134	!
2135	!-- Initialize concentrations
2136	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2137	DO j = nysg, nyng
2138	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
2139	!
2140	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2141	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) )
2142	!
2143	!-- a) Number concentrations
2144	!-- Region 1:
2145	DO ib = start_subrange_1a, end_subrange_1a
2146	IF ( .NOT. read_restart_data_salsa ) THEN
2147	aerosol_number(ib)%conc(k,j,i) = pndist(k,ib) * flag
2148	ENDIF
2149	IF ( prunmode == 1 ) THEN
2150	aerosol_number(ib)%init = pndist(:,ib)
2151	ENDIF
2152	ENDDO
2153	!
2154	!-- Region 2:
2155	IF ( nreg > 1 ) THEN
2156	DO ib = start_subrange_2a, end_subrange_2a
2157	IF ( .NOT. read_restart_data_salsa ) THEN
2158	aerosol_number(ib)%conc(k,j,i) = MAX( 0.0_wp, pnf2a(k) ) * pndist(k,ib) * flag
2159	ENDIF
2160	IF ( prunmode == 1 ) THEN
2161	aerosol_number(ib)%init = MAX( 0.0_wp, nf2a ) * pndist(:,ib)
2162	ENDIF
2163	ENDDO
2164	IF ( .NOT. no_insoluble ) THEN
2165	DO ib = start_subrange_2b, end_subrange_2b
2166	IF ( pnf2a(k) < 1.0_wp ) THEN
2167	IF ( .NOT. read_restart_data_salsa ) THEN
2168	aerosol_number(ib)%conc(k,j,i) = MAX( 0.0_wp, 1.0_wp - pnf2a(k) ) * &
2169	pndist(k,ib) * flag
2170	ENDIF
2171	IF ( prunmode == 1 ) THEN
2172	aerosol_number(ib)%init = MAX( 0.0_wp, 1.0_wp - nf2a ) * pndist(:,ib)
2173	ENDIF
2174	ENDIF
2175	ENDDO
2176	ENDIF
2177	ENDIF
2178	!
2179	!-- b) Aerosol mass concentrations
2180	!-- bin subrange 1: done here separately due to the SO4/OC convention
2181	!
2182	!-- SO4:
2183	IF ( index_so4 > 0 ) THEN
2184	ss = ( index_so4 - 1 ) * nbins_aerosol + start_subrange_1a !< start
2185	ee = ( index_so4 - 1 ) * nbins_aerosol + end_subrange_1a !< end
2186	ib = start_subrange_1a
2187	DO ic = ss, ee
2188	IF ( .NOT. read_restart_data_salsa ) THEN
2189	aerosol_mass(ic)%conc(k,j,i) = MAX( 0.0_wp, 1.0_wp - pmfoc1a(k) ) * &
2190	pndist(k,ib) * core(ib) * arhoh2so4 * flag
2191	ENDIF
2192	IF ( prunmode == 1 ) THEN
2193	aerosol_mass(ic)%init(k) = MAX( 0.0_wp, 1.0_wp - pmfoc1a(k) ) * pndist(k,ib) &
2194	* core(ib) * arhoh2so4
2195	ENDIF
2196	ib = ib+1
2197	ENDDO
2198	ENDIF
2199	!
2200	!-- OC:
2201	IF ( index_oc > 0 ) THEN
2202	ss = ( index_oc - 1 ) * nbins_aerosol + start_subrange_1a !< start
2203	ee = ( index_oc - 1 ) * nbins_aerosol + end_subrange_1a !< end
2204	ib = start_subrange_1a
2205	DO ic = ss, ee
2206	IF ( .NOT. read_restart_data_salsa ) THEN
2207	aerosol_mass(ic)%conc(k,j,i) = MAX( 0.0_wp, pmfoc1a(k) ) * pndist(k,ib) * &
2208	core(ib) * arhooc * flag
2209	ENDIF
2210	IF ( prunmode == 1 ) THEN
2211	aerosol_mass(ic)%init(k) = MAX( 0.0_wp, pmfoc1a(k) ) * pndist(k,ib) * &
2212	core(ib) * arhooc
2213	ENDIF
2214	ib = ib+1
2215	ENDDO
2216	ENDIF
2217	ENDDO !< k
2218
2219	prunmode = 3 ! Init only once
2220
2221	ENDDO !< j
2222	ENDDO !< i
2223
2224	!
2225	!-- c) Aerosol mass concentrations
2226	!-- bin subrange 2:
2227	IF ( nreg > 1 ) THEN
2228
2229	IF ( index_so4 > 0 ) THEN
2230	CALL set_aero_mass( index_so4, pmf2a(:,1), pmf2b(:,1), pnf2a, pndist, core, arhoh2so4 )
2231	ENDIF
2232	IF ( index_oc > 0 ) THEN
2233	CALL set_aero_mass( index_oc, pmf2a(:,2), pmf2b(:,2), pnf2a, pndist, core, arhooc )
2234	ENDIF
2235	IF ( index_bc > 0 ) THEN
2236	CALL set_aero_mass( index_bc, pmf2a(:,3), pmf2b(:,3), pnf2a, pndist, core, arhobc )
2237	ENDIF
2238	IF ( index_du > 0 ) THEN
2239	CALL set_aero_mass( index_du, pmf2a(:,4), pmf2b(:,4), pnf2a, pndist, core, arhodu )
2240	ENDIF
2241	IF ( index_ss > 0 ) THEN
2242	CALL set_aero_mass( index_ss, pmf2a(:,5), pmf2b(:,5), pnf2a, pndist, core, arhoss )
2243	ENDIF
2244	IF ( index_no > 0 ) THEN
2245	CALL set_aero_mass( index_no, pmf2a(:,6), pmf2b(:,6), pnf2a, pndist, core, arhohno3 )
2246	ENDIF
2247	IF ( index_nh > 0 ) THEN
2248	CALL set_aero_mass( index_nh, pmf2a(:,7), pmf2b(:,7), pnf2a, pndist, core, arhonh3 )
2249	ENDIF
2250
2251	ENDIF
2252
2253	END SUBROUTINE aerosol_init
2254
2255	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2256	! Description:
2257	! ------------
2258	!> Create a lognormal size distribution and discretise to a sectional
2259	!> representation.
2260	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2261	SUBROUTINE size_distribution( in_ntot, in_dpg, in_sigma, psd_sect )
2262
2263	IMPLICIT NONE
2264
2265	INTEGER(iwp) :: ib !< running index: bin
2266	INTEGER(iwp) :: iteration !< running index: iteration
2267
2268	REAL(wp) :: d1 !< particle diameter (m, dummy)
2269	REAL(wp) :: d2 !< particle diameter (m, dummy)
2270	REAL(wp) :: delta_d !< (d2-d1)/10
2271	REAL(wp) :: deltadp !< bin width
2272	REAL(wp) :: dmidi !< ( d1 + d2 ) / 2
2273
2274	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(in) :: in_dpg !< geometric mean diameter (m)
2275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(in) :: in_ntot !< number conc. (#/m3)
2276	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(in) :: in_sigma !< standard deviation
2277
2278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(inout) :: psd_sect !< sectional size distribution
2279
2280	DO ib = start_subrange_1a, end_subrange_2b
2281	psd_sect(ib) = 0.0_wp
2282	!
2283	!-- Particle diameter at the low limit (largest in the bin) (m)
2284	d1 = ( aero(ib)%vlolim / api6 )**0.33333333_wp
2285	!
2286	!-- Particle diameter at the high limit (smallest in the bin) (m)
2287	d2 = ( aero(ib)%vhilim / api6 )**0.33333333_wp
2288	!
2289	!-- Span of particle diameter in a bin (m)
2290	delta_d = 0.1_wp * ( d2 - d1 )
2291	!
2292	!-- Iterate:
2293	DO iteration = 1, 10
2294	d1 = ( aero(ib)%vlolim / api6 )*0.33333333_wp + ( ib - 1) delta_d
2295	d2 = d1 + delta_d
2296	dmidi = 0.5_wp * ( d1 + d2 )
2297	deltadp = LOG10( d2 / d1 )
2298	!
2299	!-- Size distribution
2300	!-- in_ntot = total number, total area, or total volume concentration
2301	!-- in_dpg = geometric-mean number, area, or volume diameter
2302	!-- n(k) = number, area, or volume concentration in a bin
2303	psd_sect(ib) = psd_sect(ib) + SUM( in_ntot * deltadp / ( SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) * &
2304	LOG10( in_sigma ) ) * EXP( -LOG10( dmidi / in_dpg )**2.0_wp / &
2305	( 2.0_wp * LOG10( in_sigma ) ** 2.0_wp ) ) )
2306
2307	ENDDO
2308	ENDDO
2309
2310	END SUBROUTINE size_distribution
2311
2312	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2313	! Description:
2314	! ------------
2315	!> Sets the mass concentrations to aerosol arrays in 2a and 2b.
2316	!>
2317	!> Tomi Raatikainen, FMI, 29.2.2016
2318	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2319	SUBROUTINE set_aero_mass( ispec, pmf2a, pmf2b, pnf2a, pndist, pcore, prho )
2320
2321	IMPLICIT NONE
2322
2323	INTEGER(iwp) :: ee !< index: end
2324	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop index
2325	INTEGER(iwp) :: ib !< loop index
2326	INTEGER(iwp) :: ic !< loop index
2327	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop index
2328	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
2329	INTEGER(iwp) :: prunmode !< 1 = initialise
2330	INTEGER(iwp) :: ss !< index: start
2331
2332	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(in) :: ispec !< Aerosol species index
2333
2334	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
2335
2336	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: prho !< Aerosol density
2337
2338	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nbins_aerosol), INTENT(in) :: pcore !< Aerosol bin mid core volume
2339	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:nz+1), INTENT(in) :: pnf2a !< Number fraction for 2a
2340	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:nz+1), INTENT(in) :: pmf2a !< Mass distributions for a
2341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:nz+1), INTENT(in) :: pmf2b !< and b bins
2342
2343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:nz+1,nbins_aerosol), INTENT(in) :: pndist !< Aerosol size distribution
2344
2345	prunmode = 1
2346
2347	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2348	DO j = nysg, nyng
2349	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
2350	!
2351	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2352	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) )
2353	!
2354	!-- Regime 2a:
2355	ss = ( ispec - 1 ) * nbins_aerosol + start_subrange_2a
2356	ee = ( ispec - 1 ) * nbins_aerosol + end_subrange_2a
2357	ib = start_subrange_2a
2358	DO ic = ss, ee
2359	IF ( .NOT. read_restart_data_salsa ) THEN
2360	aerosol_mass(ic)%conc(k,j,i) = MAX( 0.0_wp, pmf2a(k) ) * pnf2a(k) * pndist(k,ib)&
2361	* pcore(ib) * prho * flag
2362	ENDIF
2363	IF ( prunmode == 1 ) THEN
2364	aerosol_mass(ic)%init(k) = MAX( 0.0_wp, pmf2a(k) ) * pnf2a(k) * pndist(k,ib) * &
2365	pcore(ib) * prho
2366	ENDIF
2367	ib = ib + 1
2368	ENDDO
2369	!
2370	!-- Regime 2b:
2371	IF ( .NOT. no_insoluble ) THEN
2372	ss = ( ispec - 1 ) * nbins_aerosol + start_subrange_2b
2373	ee = ( ispec - 1 ) * nbins_aerosol + end_subrange_2b
2374	ib = start_subrange_2a
2375	DO ic = ss, ee
2376	IF ( .NOT. read_restart_data_salsa ) THEN
2377	aerosol_mass(ic)%conc(k,j,i) = MAX( 0.0_wp, pmf2b(k) ) * ( 1.0_wp - pnf2a(k))&
2378	* pndist(k,ib) * pcore(ib) * prho * flag
2379	ENDIF
2380	IF ( prunmode == 1 ) THEN
2381	aerosol_mass(ic)%init(k) = MAX( 0.0_wp, pmf2b(k) ) * ( 1.0_wp - pnf2a(k) ) * &
2382	pndist(k,ib) * pcore(ib) * prho
2383	ENDIF
2384	ib = ib + 1
2385	ENDDO ! c
2386
2387	ENDIF
2388	ENDDO ! k
2389
2390	prunmode = 3 ! Init only once
2391
2392	ENDDO ! j
2393	ENDDO ! i
2394
2395	END SUBROUTINE set_aero_mass
2396
2397	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2398	! Description:
2399	! ------------
2400	!> Initialise the matching between surface types in LSM and deposition models.
2401	!> Do the matching based on Zhang et al. (2001). Atmos. Environ. 35, 549-560
2402	!> (here referred as Z01).
2403	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2404	SUBROUTINE init_deposition
2405
2406	USE surface_mod, &
2407	ONLY: surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
2408
2409	IMPLICIT NONE
2410
2411	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index for vertical surfaces
2412
2413	LOGICAL :: match_lsm !< flag to initilise LSM surfaces (if false, initialise USM surfaces)
2414
2415	IF ( depo_pcm_par == 'zhang2001' ) THEN
2416	depo_pcm_par_num = 1
2417	ELSEIF ( depo_pcm_par == 'petroff2010' ) THEN
2418	depo_pcm_par_num = 2
2419	ENDIF
2420
2421	IF ( depo_surf_par == 'zhang2001' ) THEN
2422	depo_surf_par_num = 1
2423	ELSEIF ( depo_surf_par == 'petroff2010' ) THEN
2424	depo_surf_par_num = 2
2425	ENDIF
2426	!
2427	!-- LSM: Pavement, vegetation and water
2428	IF ( nldepo_surf .AND. land_surface ) THEN
2429	match_lsm = .TRUE.
2430	ALLOCATE( lsm_to_depo_h%match_lupg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns), &
2431	lsm_to_depo_h%match_luvw(1:surf_lsm_h%ns), &
2432	lsm_to_depo_h%match_luww(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2433	lsm_to_depo_h%match_lupg = 0
2434	lsm_to_depo_h%match_luvw = 0
2435	lsm_to_depo_h%match_luww = 0
2436	CALL match_sm_zhang( surf_lsm_h, lsm_to_depo_h%match_lupg, lsm_to_depo_h%match_luvw, &
2437	lsm_to_depo_h%match_luww, match_lsm )
2438	DO l = 0, 3
2439	ALLOCATE( lsm_to_depo_v(l)%match_lupg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns), &
2440	lsm_to_depo_v(l)%match_luvw(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns), &
2441	lsm_to_depo_v(l)%match_luww(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2442	lsm_to_depo_v(l)%match_lupg = 0
2443	lsm_to_depo_v(l)%match_luvw = 0
2444	lsm_to_depo_v(l)%match_luww = 0
2445	CALL match_sm_zhang( surf_lsm_v(l), lsm_to_depo_v(l)%match_lupg, &
2446	lsm_to_depo_v(l)%match_luvw, lsm_to_depo_v(l)%match_luww, match_lsm )
2447	ENDDO
2448	ENDIF
2449	!
2450	!-- USM: Green roofs/walls, wall surfaces and windows
2451	IF ( nldepo_surf .AND. urban_surface ) THEN
2452	match_lsm = .FALSE.
2453	ALLOCATE( usm_to_depo_h%match_lupg(1:surf_usm_h%ns), &
2454	usm_to_depo_h%match_luvw(1:surf_usm_h%ns), &
2455	usm_to_depo_h%match_luww(1:surf_usm_h%ns) )
2456	usm_to_depo_h%match_lupg = 0
2457	usm_to_depo_h%match_luvw = 0
2458	usm_to_depo_h%match_luww = 0
2459	CALL match_sm_zhang( surf_usm_h, usm_to_depo_h%match_lupg, usm_to_depo_h%match_luvw, &
2460	usm_to_depo_h%match_luww, match_lsm )
2461	DO l = 0, 3
2462	ALLOCATE( usm_to_depo_v(l)%match_lupg(1:surf_usm_v(l)%ns), &
2463	usm_to_depo_v(l)%match_luvw(1:surf_usm_v(l)%ns), &
2464	usm_to_depo_v(l)%match_luww(1:surf_usm_v(l)%ns) )
2465	usm_to_depo_v(l)%match_lupg = 0
2466	usm_to_depo_v(l)%match_luvw = 0
2467	usm_to_depo_v(l)%match_luww = 0
2468	CALL match_sm_zhang( surf_usm_v(l), usm_to_depo_v(l)%match_lupg, &
2469	usm_to_depo_v(l)%match_luvw, usm_to_depo_v(l)%match_luww, match_lsm )
2470	ENDDO
2471	ENDIF
2472
2473	IF ( nldepo_pcm ) THEN
2474	SELECT CASE ( depo_pcm_type )
2475	CASE ( 'evergreen_needleleaf' )
2476	depo_pcm_type_num = 1
2477	CASE ( 'evergreen_broadleaf' )
2478	depo_pcm_type_num = 2
2479	CASE ( 'deciduous_needleleaf' )
2480	depo_pcm_type_num = 3
2481	CASE ( 'deciduous_broadleaf' )
2482	depo_pcm_type_num = 4
2483	CASE DEFAULT
2484	message_string = 'depo_pcm_type not set correctly.'
2485	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: init_deposition', 'PA0613', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2486	END SELECT
2487	ENDIF
2488
2489	END SUBROUTINE init_deposition
2490
2491	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2492	! Description:
2493	! ------------
2494	!> Match the surface types in PALM and Zhang et al. 2001 deposition module
2495	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2496	SUBROUTINE match_sm_zhang( surf, match_pav_green, match_veg_wall, match_wat_win, match_lsm )
2497
2498	USE surface_mod, &
2499	ONLY: ind_pav_green, ind_veg_wall, ind_wat_win, surf_type
2500
2501	IMPLICIT NONE
2502
2503	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< index for surface elements
2504	INTEGER(iwp) :: pav_type_palm !< pavement / green wall type in PALM
2505	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type_palm !< vegetation / wall type in PALM
2506	INTEGER(iwp) :: wat_type_palm !< water / window type in PALM
2507
2508	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(inout) :: match_pav_green !< matching pavement/green walls
2509	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(inout) :: match_veg_wall !< matching vegetation/walls
2510	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(inout) :: match_wat_win !< matching water/windows
2511
2512	LOGICAL, INTENT(in) :: match_lsm !< flag to initilise LSM surfaces (if false, initialise USM)
2513
2514	TYPE(surf_type), INTENT(in) :: surf !< respective surface type
2515
2516	DO m = 1, surf%ns
2517	IF ( match_lsm ) THEN
2518	!
2519	!-- Vegetation (LSM):
2520	IF ( surf%frac(ind_veg_wall,m) > 0 ) THEN
2521	veg_type_palm = surf%vegetation_type(m)
2522	SELECT CASE ( veg_type_palm )
2523	CASE ( 0 )
2524	message_string = 'No vegetation type defined.'
2525	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: init_depo_surfaces', 'PA0614', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2526	CASE ( 1 ) ! bare soil
2527	match_veg_wall(m) = 6 ! grass in Z01
2528	CASE ( 2 ) ! crops, mixed farming
2529	match_veg_wall(m) = 7 ! crops, mixed farming Z01
2530	CASE ( 3 ) ! short grass
2531	match_veg_wall(m) = 6 ! grass in Z01
2532	CASE ( 4 ) ! evergreen needleleaf trees
2533	match_veg_wall(m) = 1 ! evergreen needleleaf trees in Z01
2534	CASE ( 5 ) ! deciduous needleleaf trees
2535	match_veg_wall(m) = 3 ! deciduous needleleaf trees in Z01
2536	CASE ( 6 ) ! evergreen broadleaf trees
2537	match_veg_wall(m) = 2 ! evergreen broadleaf trees in Z01
2538	CASE ( 7 ) ! deciduous broadleaf trees
2539	match_veg_wall(m) = 4 ! deciduous broadleaf trees in Z01
2540	CASE ( 8 ) ! tall grass
2541	match_veg_wall(m) = 6 ! grass in Z01
2542	CASE ( 9 ) ! desert
2543	match_veg_wall(m) = 8 ! desert in Z01
2544	CASE ( 10 ) ! tundra
2545	match_veg_wall(m) = 9 ! tundra in Z01
2546	CASE ( 11 ) ! irrigated crops
2547	match_veg_wall(m) = 7 ! crops, mixed farming Z01
2548	CASE ( 12 ) ! semidesert
2549	match_veg_wall(m) = 8 ! desert in Z01
2550	CASE ( 13 ) ! ice caps and glaciers
2551	match_veg_wall(m) = 12 ! ice cap and glacier in Z01
2552	CASE ( 14 ) ! bogs and marshes
2553	match_veg_wall(m) = 11 ! wetland with plants in Z01
2554	CASE ( 15 ) ! evergreen shrubs
2555	match_veg_wall(m) = 10 ! shrubs and interrupted woodlands in Z01
2556	CASE ( 16 ) ! deciduous shrubs
2557	match_veg_wall(m) = 10 ! shrubs and interrupted woodlands in Z01
2558	CASE ( 17 ) ! mixed forest/woodland
2559	match_veg_wall(m) = 5 ! mixed broadleaf and needleleaf trees in Z01
2560	CASE ( 18 ) ! interrupted forest
2561	match_veg_wall(m) = 10 ! shrubs and interrupted woodlands in Z01
2562	END SELECT
2563	ENDIF
2564	!
2565	!-- Pavement (LSM):
2566	IF ( surf%frac(ind_pav_green,m) > 0 ) THEN
2567	pav_type_palm = surf%pavement_type(m)
2568	IF ( pav_type_palm == 0 ) THEN ! error
2569	message_string = 'No pavement type defined.'
2570	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: match_sm_zhang', 'PA0615', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2571	ELSE
2572	match_pav_green(m) = 15 ! urban in Z01
2573	ENDIF
2574	ENDIF
2575	!
2576	!-- Water (LSM):
2577	IF ( surf%frac(ind_wat_win,m) > 0 ) THEN
2578	wat_type_palm = surf%water_type(m)
2579	IF ( wat_type_palm == 0 ) THEN ! error
2580	message_string = 'No water type defined.'
2581	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: match_sm_zhang', 'PA0616', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2582	ELSEIF ( wat_type_palm == 3 ) THEN
2583	match_wat_win(m) = 14 ! ocean in Z01
2584	ELSEIF ( wat_type_palm == 1 .OR. wat_type_palm == 2 .OR. wat_type_palm == 4 &
2585	.OR. wat_type_palm == 5 ) THEN
2586	match_wat_win(m) = 13 ! inland water in Z01
2587	ENDIF
2588	ENDIF
2589	ELSE
2590	!
2591	!-- Wall surfaces (USM):
2592	IF ( surf%frac(ind_veg_wall,m) > 0 ) THEN
2593	match_veg_wall(m) = 15 ! urban in Z01
2594	ENDIF
2595	!
2596	!-- Green walls and roofs (USM):
2597	IF ( surf%frac(ind_pav_green,m) > 0 ) THEN
2598	match_pav_green(m) = 6 ! (short) grass in Z01
2599	ENDIF
2600	!
2601	!-- Windows (USM):
2602	IF ( surf%frac(ind_wat_win,m) > 0 ) THEN
2603	match_wat_win(m) = 15 ! urban in Z01
2604	ENDIF
2605	ENDIF
2606
2607	ENDDO
2608
2609	END SUBROUTINE match_sm_zhang
2610
2611	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2612	! Description:
2613	! ------------
2614	!> Swapping of timelevels
2615	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2616	SUBROUTINE salsa_swap_timelevel( mod_count )
2617
2618	IMPLICIT NONE
2619
2620	INTEGER(iwp) :: ib !<
2621	INTEGER(iwp) :: ic !<
2622	INTEGER(iwp) :: icc !<
2623	INTEGER(iwp) :: ig !<
2624
2625	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: mod_count !<
2626
2627	IF ( time_since_reference_point >= skip_time_do_salsa ) THEN
2628
2629	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
2630
2631	CASE ( 0 )
2632
2633	DO ib = 1, nbins_aerosol
2634	aerosol_number(ib)%conc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => nconc_1(:,:,:,ib)
2635	aerosol_number(ib)%conc_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => nconc_2(:,:,:,ib)
2636
2637	DO ic = 1, ncomponents_mass
2638	icc = ( ic-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + ib
2639	aerosol_mass(icc)%conc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => mconc_1(:,:,:,icc)
2640	aerosol_mass(icc)%conc_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => mconc_2(:,:,:,icc)
2641	ENDDO
2642	ENDDO
2643
2644	IF ( .NOT. salsa_gases_from_chem ) THEN
2645	DO ig = 1, ngases_salsa
2646	salsa_gas(ig)%conc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => gconc_1(:,:,:,ig)
2647	salsa_gas(ig)%conc_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => gconc_2(:,:,:,ig)
2648	ENDDO
2649	ENDIF
2650
2651	CASE ( 1 )
2652
2653	DO ib = 1, nbins_aerosol
2654	aerosol_number(ib)%conc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => nconc_2(:,:,:,ib)
2655	aerosol_number(ib)%conc_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => nconc_1(:,:,:,ib)
2656	DO ic = 1, ncomponents_mass
2657	icc = ( ic-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + ib
2658	aerosol_mass(icc)%conc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => mconc_2(:,:,:,icc)
2659	aerosol_mass(icc)%conc_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => mconc_1(:,:,:,icc)
2660	ENDDO
2661	ENDDO
2662
2663	IF ( .NOT. salsa_gases_from_chem ) THEN
2664	DO ig = 1, ngases_salsa
2665	salsa_gas(ig)%conc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => gconc_2(:,:,:,ig)
2666	salsa_gas(ig)%conc_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) => gconc_1(:,:,:,ig)
2667	ENDDO
2668	ENDIF
2669
2670	END SELECT
2671
2672	ENDIF
2673
2674	END SUBROUTINE salsa_swap_timelevel
2675
2676
2677	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2678	! Description:
2679	! ------------
2680	!> This routine reads the respective restart data.
2681	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2682	SUBROUTINE salsa_rrd_local( k, nxlf, nxlc, nxl_on_file, nxrf, nxrc, nxr_on_file, nynf, nync, &
2683	nyn_on_file, nysf, nysc, nys_on_file, tmp_3d, found )
2684
2685	USE control_parameters, &
2686	ONLY: length, restart_string
2687
2688	IMPLICIT NONE
2689
2690	INTEGER(iwp) :: ib !<
2691	INTEGER(iwp) :: ic !<
2692	INTEGER(iwp) :: ig !<
2693	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2694	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
2695	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
2696	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
2697	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
2698	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
2699	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
2700	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
2701	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
2702	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
2703	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
2704	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
2705	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
2706
2707	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
2708
2709	REAL(wp), &
2710	DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) :: tmp_3d !<
2711
2712	found = .FALSE.
2713
2714	IF ( read_restart_data_salsa ) THEN
2715
2716	SELECT CASE ( restart_string(1:length) )
2717
2718	CASE ( 'aerosol_number' )
2719	DO ib = 1, nbins_aerosol
2720	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d
2721	aerosol_number(ib)%conc(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
2722	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
2723	found = .TRUE.
2724	ENDDO
2725
2726	CASE ( 'aerosol_mass' )
2727	DO ic = 1, ncomponents_mass * nbins_aerosol
2728	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d
2729	aerosol_mass(ic)%conc(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
2730	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
2731	found = .TRUE.
2732	ENDDO
2733
2734	CASE ( 'salsa_gas' )
2735	DO ig = 1, ngases_salsa
2736	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d
2737	salsa_gas(ig)%conc(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
2738	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
2739	found = .TRUE.
2740	ENDDO
2741
2742	CASE DEFAULT
2743	found = .FALSE.
2744
2745	END SELECT
2746	ENDIF
2747
2748	END SUBROUTINE salsa_rrd_local
2749
2750	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2751	! Description:
2752	! ------------
2753	!> This routine writes the respective restart data.
2754	!> Note that the following input variables in PARIN have to be equal between
2755	!> restart runs:
2756	!> listspec, nbin, nbin2, nf2a, ncc, mass_fracs_a, mass_fracs_b
2757	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2758	SUBROUTINE salsa_wrd_local
2759
2760	USE control_parameters, &
2761	ONLY: write_binary
2762
2763	IMPLICIT NONE
2764
2765	INTEGER(iwp) :: ib !<
2766	INTEGER(iwp) :: ic !<
2767	INTEGER(iwp) :: ig !<
2768
2769	IF ( write_binary .AND. write_binary_salsa ) THEN
2770
2771	CALL wrd_write_string( 'aerosol_number' )
2772	DO ib = 1, nbins_aerosol
2773	WRITE ( 14 ) aerosol_number(ib)%conc
2774	ENDDO
2775
2776	CALL wrd_write_string( 'aerosol_mass' )
2777	DO ic = 1, nbins_aerosol * ncomponents_mass
2778	WRITE ( 14 ) aerosol_mass(ic)%conc
2779	ENDDO
2780
2781	CALL wrd_write_string( 'salsa_gas' )
2782	DO ig = 1, ngases_salsa
2783	WRITE ( 14 ) salsa_gas(ig)%conc
2784	ENDDO
2785
2786	ENDIF
2787
2788	END SUBROUTINE salsa_wrd_local
2789
2790	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2791	! Description:
2792	! ------------
2793	!> Performs necessary unit and dimension conversion between the host model and
2794	!> SALSA module, and calls the main SALSA routine.
2795	!> Partially adobted form the original SALSA boxmodel version.
2796	!> Now takes masses in as kg/kg from LES!! Converted to m3/m3 for SALSA
2797	!> 05/2016 Juha: This routine is still pretty much in its original shape.
2798	!> It's dumb as a mule and twice as ugly, so implementation of
2799	!> an improved solution is necessary sooner or later.
2800	!> Juha Tonttila, FMI, 2014
2801	!> Jaakko Ahola, FMI, 2016
2802	!> Only aerosol processes included, Mona Kurppa, UHel, 2017
2803	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2804	SUBROUTINE salsa_driver( i, j, prunmode )
2805
2806	USE arrays_3d, &
2807	ONLY: pt_p, q_p, u, v, w
2808
2809	USE plant_canopy_model_mod, &
2810	ONLY: lad_s
2811
2812	USE surface_mod, &
2813	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
2814
2815	IMPLICIT NONE
2816
2817	INTEGER(iwp) :: endi !< end index
2818	INTEGER(iwp) :: ib !< loop index
2819	INTEGER(iwp) :: ic !< loop index
2820	INTEGER(iwp) :: ig !< loop index
2821	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
2822	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
2823	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop index
2824	INTEGER(iwp) :: nc_h2o !< index of H2O in the prtcl index table
2825	INTEGER(iwp) :: ss !< loop index
2826	INTEGER(iwp) :: str !< start index
2827	INTEGER(iwp) :: vc !< default index in prtcl
2828
2829	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(in) :: i !< loop index
2830	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(in) :: j !< loop index
2831	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(in) :: prunmode !< 1: Initialization, 2: Spinup, 3: Regular runtime
2832
2833	REAL(wp) :: cw_old !< previous H2O mixing ratio
2834	REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points
2835	REAL(wp) :: in_lad !< leaf area density (m2/m3)
2836	REAL(wp) :: in_rh !< relative humidity
2837	REAL(wp) :: zgso4 !< SO4
2838	REAL(wp) :: zghno3 !< HNO3
2839	REAL(wp) :: zgnh3 !< NH3
2840	REAL(wp) :: zgocnv !< non-volatile OC
2841	REAL(wp) :: zgocsv !< semi-volatile OC
2842
2843	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: in_adn !< air density (kg/m3)
2844	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: in_cs !< H2O sat. vapour conc.
2845	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: in_cw !< H2O vapour concentration
2846	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: in_p !< pressure (Pa)
2847	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: in_t !< temperature (K)
2848	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: in_u !< wind magnitude (m/s)
2849	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: kvis !< kinematic viscosity of air(m2/s)
2850	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: ppm_to_nconc !< Conversion factor from ppm to #/m3
2851
2852	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nbins_aerosol) :: schmidt_num !< particle Schmidt number
2853	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nbins_aerosol) :: vd !< particle fall seed (m/s)
2854
2855	TYPE(t_section), DIMENSION(nbins_aerosol) :: lo_aero !< additional variable for OpenMP
2856	TYPE(t_section), DIMENSION(nbins_aerosol) :: aero_old !< helper array
2857
2858	aero_old(:)%numc = 0.0_wp
2859	in_lad = 0.0_wp
2860	in_u = 0.0_wp
2861	kvis = 0.0_wp
2862	lo_aero = aero
2863	schmidt_num = 0.0_wp
2864	vd = 0.0_wp
2865	zgso4 = nclim
2866	zghno3 = nclim
2867	zgnh3 = nclim
2868	zgocnv = nclim
2869	zgocsv = nclim
2870	!
2871	!-- Aerosol number is always set, but mass can be uninitialized
2872	DO ib = 1, nbins_aerosol
2873	lo_aero(ib)%volc(:) = 0.0_wp
2874	aero_old(ib)%volc(:) = 0.0_wp
2875	ENDDO
2876	!
2877	!-- Set the salsa runtime config (How to make this more efficient?)
2878	CALL set_salsa_runtime( prunmode )
2879	!
2880	!-- Calculate thermodynamic quantities needed in SALSA
2881	CALL salsa_thrm_ij( i, j, p_ij=in_p, temp_ij=in_t, cw_ij=in_cw, cs_ij=in_cs, adn_ij=in_adn )
2882	!
2883	!-- Magnitude of wind: needed for deposition
2884	IF ( lsdepo ) THEN
2885	in_u(nzb+1:nzt) = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(nzb+1:nzt,j,i) + u(nzb+1:nzt,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
2886	( 0.5_wp * ( v(nzb+1:nzt,j,i) + v(nzb+1:nzt,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
2887	( 0.5_wp * ( w(nzb:nzt-1,j,i) + w(nzb+1:nzt,j, i) ) )**2 )
2888	ENDIF
2889	!
2890	!-- Calculate conversion factors for gas concentrations
2891	ppm_to_nconc(:) = for_ppm_to_nconc * in_p(:) / in_t(:)
2892	!
2893	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2894	k_wall = k_topo_top(j,i)
2895
2896	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
2897	!
2898	!-- Predetermine flag to mask topography
2899	flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) )
2900	!
2901	!-- Wind velocity for dry depositon on vegetation
2902	IF ( lsdepo_pcm .AND. plant_canopy ) THEN
2903	in_lad = lad_s( MAX( k-k_wall,0 ),j,i)
2904	ENDIF
2905	!
2906	!-- For initialization and spinup, limit the RH with the parameter rhlim
2907	IF ( prunmode < 3 ) THEN
2908	in_cw(k) = MIN( in_cw(k), in_cs(k) * rhlim )
2909	ELSE
2910	in_cw(k) = in_cw(k)
2911	ENDIF
2912	cw_old = in_cw(k) !* in_adn(k)
2913	!
2914	!-- Set volume concentrations:
2915	!-- Sulphate (SO4) or sulphuric acid H2SO4
2916	IF ( index_so4 > 0 ) THEN
2917	vc = 1
2918	str = ( index_so4-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1 ! start index
2919	endi = index_so4 * nbins_aerosol ! end index
2920	ic = 1
2921	DO ss = str, endi
2922	lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) / arhoh2so4
2923	ic = ic+1
2924	ENDDO
2925	aero_old(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc) = lo_aero(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc)
2926	ENDIF
2927	!
2928	!-- Organic carbon (OC) compounds
2929	IF ( index_oc > 0 ) THEN
2930	vc = 2
2931	str = ( index_oc-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1
2932	endi = index_oc * nbins_aerosol
2933	ic = 1
2934	DO ss = str, endi
2935	lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) / arhooc
2936	ic = ic+1
2937	ENDDO
2938	aero_old(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc) = lo_aero(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc)
2939	ENDIF
2940	!
2941	!-- Black carbon (BC)
2942	IF ( index_bc > 0 ) THEN
2943	vc = 3
2944	str = ( index_bc-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1 + end_subrange_1a
2945	endi = index_bc * nbins_aerosol
2946	ic = 1 + end_subrange_1a
2947	DO ss = str, endi
2948	lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) / arhobc
2949	ic = ic+1
2950	ENDDO
2951	aero_old(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc) = lo_aero(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc)
2952	ENDIF
2953	!
2954	!-- Dust (DU)
2955	IF ( index_du > 0 ) THEN
2956	vc = 4
2957	str = ( index_du-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1 + end_subrange_1a
2958	endi = index_du * nbins_aerosol
2959	ic = 1 + end_subrange_1a
2960	DO ss = str, endi
2961	lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) / arhodu
2962	ic = ic+1
2963	ENDDO
2964	aero_old(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc) = lo_aero(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc)
2965	ENDIF
2966	!
2967	!-- Sea salt (SS)
2968	IF ( index_ss > 0 ) THEN
2969	vc = 5
2970	str = ( index_ss-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1 + end_subrange_1a
2971	endi = index_ss * nbins_aerosol
2972	ic = 1 + end_subrange_1a
2973	DO ss = str, endi
2974	lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) / arhoss
2975	ic = ic+1
2976	ENDDO
2977	aero_old(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc) = lo_aero(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc)
2978	ENDIF
2979	!
2980	!-- Nitrate (NO(3-)) or nitric acid HNO3
2981	IF ( index_no > 0 ) THEN
2982	vc = 6
2983	str = ( index_no-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1
2984	endi = index_no * nbins_aerosol
2985	ic = 1
2986	DO ss = str, endi
2987	lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) / arhohno3
2988	ic = ic+1
2989	ENDDO
2990	aero_old(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc) = lo_aero(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc)
2991	ENDIF
2992	!
2993	!-- Ammonium (NH(4+)) or ammonia NH3
2994	IF ( index_nh > 0 ) THEN
2995	vc = 7
2996	str = ( index_nh-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1
2997	endi = index_nh * nbins_aerosol
2998	ic = 1
2999	DO ss = str, endi
3000	lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) / arhonh3
3001	ic = ic+1
3002	ENDDO
3003	aero_old(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc) = lo_aero(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc)
3004	ENDIF
3005	!
3006	!-- Water (always used)
3007	nc_h2o = get_index( prtcl,'H2O' )
3008	vc = 8
3009	str = ( nc_h2o-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1
3010	endi = nc_h2o * nbins_aerosol
3011	ic = 1
3012	IF ( advect_particle_water ) THEN
3013	DO ss = str, endi
3014	lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) / arhoh2o
3015	ic = ic+1
3016	ENDDO
3017	ELSE
3018	lo_aero(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc) = mclim
3019	ENDIF
3020	aero_old(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc) = lo_aero(1:nbins_aerosol)%volc(vc)
3021	!
3022	!-- Number concentrations (numc) and particle sizes
3023	!-- (dwet = wet diameter, core = dry volume)
3024	DO ib = 1, nbins_aerosol
3025	lo_aero(ib)%numc = aerosol_number(ib)%conc(k,j,i)
3026	aero_old(ib)%numc = lo_aero(ib)%numc
3027	IF ( lo_aero(ib)%numc > nclim ) THEN
3028	lo_aero(ib)%dwet = ( SUM( lo_aero(ib)%volc(:) ) / lo_aero(ib)%numc / api6 )**0.33333333_wp
3029	lo_aero(ib)%core = SUM( lo_aero(ib)%volc(1:7) ) / lo_aero(ib)%numc
3030	ELSE
3031	lo_aero(ib)%dwet = lo_aero(ib)%dmid
3032	lo_aero(ib)%core = api6 * ( lo_aero(ib)%dwet )**3
3033	ENDIF
3034	ENDDO
3035	!
3036	!-- Calculate the ambient sizes of particles by equilibrating soluble fraction of particles with
3037	!-- water using the ZSR method.
3038	in_rh = in_cw(k) / in_cs(k)
3039	IF ( prunmode==1 .OR. .NOT. advect_particle_water ) THEN
3040	CALL equilibration( in_rh, in_t(k), lo_aero, .TRUE. )
3041	ENDIF
3042	!
3043	!-- Gaseous tracer concentrations in #/m3
3044	IF ( salsa_gases_from_chem ) THEN
3045	!
3046	!-- Convert concentrations in ppm to #/m3
3047	zgso4 = chem_species(gas_index_chem(1))%conc(k,j,i) * ppm_to_nconc(k)
3048	zghno3 = chem_species(gas_index_chem(2))%conc(k,j,i) * ppm_to_nconc(k)
3049	zgnh3 = chem_species(gas_index_chem(3))%conc(k,j,i) * ppm_to_nconc(k)
3050	zgocnv = chem_species(gas_index_chem(4))%conc(k,j,i) * ppm_to_nconc(k)
3051	zgocsv = chem_species(gas_index_chem(5))%conc(k,j,i) * ppm_to_nconc(k)
3052	ELSE
3053	zgso4 = salsa_gas(1)%conc(k,j,i)
3054	zghno3 = salsa_gas(2)%conc(k,j,i)
3055	zgnh3 = salsa_gas(3)%conc(k,j,i)
3056	zgocnv = salsa_gas(4)%conc(k,j,i)
3057	zgocsv = salsa_gas(5)%conc(k,j,i)
3058	ENDIF
3059	!
3060	!-- Calculate aerosol processes:
3061	!-- *********************************************************************************************
3062	!
3063	!-- Coagulation
3064	IF ( lscoag ) THEN
3065	CALL coagulation( lo_aero, dt_salsa, in_t(k), in_p(k) )
3066	ENDIF
3067	!
3068	!-- Condensation
3069	IF ( lscnd ) THEN
3070	CALL condensation( lo_aero, zgso4, zgocnv, zgocsv, zghno3, zgnh3, in_cw(k), in_cs(k), &
3071	in_t(k), in_p(k), dt_salsa, prtcl )
3072	ENDIF
3073	!
3074	!-- Deposition
3075	IF ( lsdepo ) THEN
3076	CALL deposition( lo_aero, in_t(k), in_adn(k), in_u(k), in_lad, kvis(k), schmidt_num(k,:),&
3077	vd(k,:) )
3078	ENDIF
3079	!
3080	!-- Size distribution bin update
3081	IF ( lsdistupdate ) THEN
3082	CALL distr_update( lo_aero )
3083	ENDIF
3084	!-- *********************************************************************************************
3085
3086	IF ( lsdepo ) sedim_vd(k,j,i,:) = vd(k,:)
3087	!
3088	!-- Calculate changes in concentrations
3089	DO ib = 1, nbins_aerosol
3090	aerosol_number(ib)%conc(k,j,i) = aerosol_number(ib)%conc(k,j,i) + ( lo_aero(ib)%numc - &
3091	aero_old(ib)%numc ) * flag
3092	ENDDO
3093
3094	IF ( index_so4 > 0 ) THEN
3095	vc = 1
3096	str = ( index_so4-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1
3097	endi = index_so4 * nbins_aerosol
3098	ic = 1
3099	DO ss = str, endi
3100	aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) + ( lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) -&
3101	aero_old(ic)%volc(vc) ) * arhoh2so4 * flag
3102	ic = ic+1
3103	ENDDO
3104	ENDIF
3105
3106	IF ( index_oc > 0 ) THEN
3107	vc = 2
3108	str = ( index_oc-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1
3109	endi = index_oc * nbins_aerosol
3110	ic = 1
3111	DO ss = str, endi
3112	aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) + ( lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) -&
3113	aero_old(ic)%volc(vc) ) * arhooc * flag
3114	ic = ic+1
3115	ENDDO
3116	ENDIF
3117
3118	IF ( index_bc > 0 ) THEN
3119	vc = 3
3120	str = ( index_bc-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1 + end_subrange_1a
3121	endi = index_bc * nbins_aerosol
3122	ic = 1 + end_subrange_1a
3123	DO ss = str, endi
3124	aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) + ( lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) -&
3125	aero_old(ic)%volc(vc) ) * arhobc * flag
3126	ic = ic+1
3127	ENDDO
3128	ENDIF
3129
3130	IF ( index_du > 0 ) THEN
3131	vc = 4
3132	str = ( index_du-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1 + end_subrange_1a
3133	endi = index_du * nbins_aerosol
3134	ic = 1 + end_subrange_1a
3135	DO ss = str, endi
3136	aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) + ( lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) -&
3137	aero_old(ic)%volc(vc) ) * arhodu * flag
3138	ic = ic+1
3139	ENDDO
3140	ENDIF
3141
3142	IF ( index_ss > 0 ) THEN
3143	vc = 5
3144	str = ( index_ss-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1 + end_subrange_1a
3145	endi = index_ss * nbins_aerosol
3146	ic = 1 + end_subrange_1a
3147	DO ss = str, endi
3148	aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) + ( lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) -&
3149	aero_old(ic)%volc(vc) ) * arhoss * flag
3150	ic = ic+1
3151	ENDDO
3152	ENDIF
3153
3154	IF ( index_no > 0 ) THEN
3155	vc = 6
3156	str = ( index_no-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1
3157	endi = index_no * nbins_aerosol
3158	ic = 1
3159	DO ss = str, endi
3160	aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) + ( lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) -&
3161	aero_old(ic)%volc(vc) ) * arhohno3 * flag
3162	ic = ic+1
3163	ENDDO
3164	ENDIF
3165
3166	IF ( index_nh > 0 ) THEN
3167	vc = 7
3168	str = ( index_nh-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1
3169	endi = index_nh * nbins_aerosol
3170	ic = 1
3171	DO ss = str, endi
3172	aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) + ( lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) -&
3173	aero_old(ic)%volc(vc) ) * arhonh3 * flag
3174	ic = ic+1
3175	ENDDO
3176	ENDIF
3177
3178	IF ( advect_particle_water ) THEN
3179	nc_h2o = get_index( prtcl,'H2O' )
3180	vc = 8
3181	str = ( nc_h2o-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1
3182	endi = nc_h2o * nbins_aerosol
3183	ic = 1
3184	DO ss = str, endi
3185	aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) = aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k,j,i) + ( lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) -&
3186	aero_old(ic)%volc(vc) ) * arhoh2o * flag
3187	ic = ic+1
3188	ENDDO
3189	ENDIF
3190	IF ( prunmode == 1 ) THEN
3191	nc_h2o = get_index( prtcl,'H2O' )
3192	vc = 8
3193	str = ( nc_h2o-1 ) * nbins_aerosol + 1
3194	endi = nc_h2o * nbins_aerosol
3195	ic = 1
3196	DO ss = str, endi
3197	aerosol_mass(ss)%init(k) = MAX( aerosol_mass(ss)%init(k), ( lo_aero(ic)%volc(vc) - &
3198	aero_old(ic)%volc(vc) ) * arhoh2o )
3199	IF ( k == nzb+1 ) THEN
3200	aerosol_mass(ss)%init(k-1) = aerosol_mass(ss)%init(k)
3201	ELSEIF ( k == nzt ) THEN
3202	aerosol_mass(ss)%init(k+1) = aerosol_mass(ss)%init(k)
3203	aerosol_mass(ss)%conc(k+1,j,i) = aerosol_mass(ss)%init(k)
3204	ENDIF
3205	ic = ic+1
3206	ENDDO
3207	ENDIF
3208	!
3209	!-- Condensation of precursor gases
3210	IF ( lscndgas ) THEN
3211	IF ( salsa_gases_from_chem ) THEN
3212	!
3213	!-- SO4 (or H2SO4)
3214	ig = gas_index_chem(1)
3215	chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) = chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) + ( zgso4 / &
3216	ppm_to_nconc(k) - chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) ) * flag
3217	!
3218	!-- HNO3
3219	ig = gas_index_chem(2)
3220	chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) = chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) + ( zghno3 / &
3221	ppm_to_nconc(k) - chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) ) * flag
3222	!
3223	!-- NH3
3224	ig = gas_index_chem(3)
3225	chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) = chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) + ( zgnh3 / &
3226	ppm_to_nconc(k) - chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) ) * flag
3227	!
3228	!-- non-volatile OC
3229	ig = gas_index_chem(4)
3230	chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) = chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) + ( zgocnv / &
3231	ppm_to_nconc(k) - chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) ) * flag
3232	!
3233	!-- semi-volatile OC
3234	ig = gas_index_chem(5)
3235	chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) = chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) + ( zgocsv / &
3236	ppm_to_nconc(k) - chem_species(ig)%conc(k,j,i) ) * flag
3237
3238	ELSE
3239	!
3240	!-- SO4 (or H2SO4)
3241	salsa_gas(1)%conc(k,j,i) = salsa_gas(1)%conc(k,j,i) + ( zgso4 - &
3242	salsa_gas(1)%conc(k,j,i) ) * flag
3243	!
3244	!-- HNO3
3245	salsa_gas(2)%conc(k,j,i) = salsa_gas(2)%conc(k,j,i) + ( zghno3 - &
3246	salsa_gas(2)%conc(k,j,i) ) * flag
3247	!
3248	!-- NH3
3249	salsa_gas(3)%conc(k,j,i) = salsa_gas(3)%conc(k,j,i) + ( zgnh3 - &
3250	salsa_gas(3)%conc(k,j,i) ) * flag
3251	!
3252	!-- non-volatile OC
3253	salsa_gas(4)%conc(k,j,i) = salsa_gas(4)%conc(k,j,i) + ( zgocnv - &
3254	salsa_gas(4)%conc(k,j,i) ) * flag
3255	!
3256	!-- semi-volatile OC
3257	salsa_gas(5)%conc(k,j,i) = salsa_gas(5)%conc(k,j,i) + ( zgocsv - &
3258	salsa_gas(5)%conc(k,j,i) ) * flag
3259	ENDIF
3260	ENDIF
3261	!
3262	!-- Tendency of water vapour mixing ratio is obtained from the change in RH during SALSA run.
3263	!-- This releases heat and changes pt. Assumes no temperature change during SALSA run.
3264	!-- q = r / (1+r), Euler method for integration
3265	!
3266	IF ( feedback_to_palm ) THEN
3267	q_p(k,j,i) = q_p(k,j,i) + 1.0_wp / ( in_cw(k) * in_adn(k) + 1.0_wp )*2 &
3268	( in_cw(k) - cw_old ) * in_adn(k) * flag
3269	pt_p(k,j,i) = pt_p(k,j,i) + alv / c_p * ( in_cw(k) - cw_old ) * in_adn(k) / ( in_cw(k) / &
3270	in_adn(k) + 1.0_wp )*2 pt_p(k,j,i) / in_t(k) * flag
3271	ENDIF
3272
3273	ENDDO ! k
3274
3275	!
3276	!-- Set surfaces and wall fluxes due to deposition
3277	IF ( lsdepo .AND. lsdepo_surf .AND. prunmode == 3 ) THEN
3278	IF ( .NOT. land_surface .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
3279	CALL depo_surf( i, j, surf_def_h(0), vd, schmidt_num, kvis, in_u, .TRUE. )
3280	DO l = 0, 3
3281	CALL depo_surf( i, j, surf_def_v(l), vd, schmidt_num, kvis, in_u, .FALSE. )
3282	ENDDO
3283	ELSE
3284	CALL depo_surf( i, j, surf_usm_h, vd, schmidt_num, kvis, in_u, .TRUE., usm_to_depo_h )
3285	DO l = 0, 3
3286	CALL depo_surf( i, j, surf_usm_v(l), vd, schmidt_num, kvis, in_u, .FALSE., &
3287	usm_to_depo_v(l) )
3288	ENDDO
3289	CALL depo_surf( i, j, surf_lsm_h, vd, schmidt_num, kvis, in_u, .TRUE., lsm_to_depo_h )
3290	DO l = 0, 3
3291	CALL depo_surf( i, j, surf_lsm_v(l), vd, schmidt_num, kvis, in_u, .FALSE., &
3292	lsm_to_depo_v(l) )
3293	ENDDO
3294	ENDIF
3295	ENDIF
3296
3297	IF ( prunmode < 3 ) THEN
3298	!$OMP MASTER
3299	aero = lo_aero
3300	!$OMP END MASTER
3301	END IF
3302
3303	END SUBROUTINE salsa_driver
3304
3305	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3306	! Description:
3307	! ------------
3308	!> Set logical switches according to the salsa_parameters options.
3309	!> Juha Tonttila, FMI, 2014
3310	!> Only aerosol processes included, Mona Kurppa, UHel, 2017
3311	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3312	SUBROUTINE set_salsa_runtime( prunmode )
3313
3314	IMPLICIT NONE
3315
3316	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(in) :: prunmode
3317
3318	SELECT CASE(prunmode)
3319
3320	CASE(1) !< Initialization
3321	lscoag = .FALSE.
3322	lscnd = .FALSE.
3323	lscndgas = .FALSE.
3324	lscndh2oae = .FALSE.
3325	lsdepo = .FALSE.
3326	lsdepo_pcm = .FALSE.
3327	lsdepo_surf = .FALSE.
3328	lsdistupdate = .TRUE.
3329	lspartition = .FALSE.
3330
3331	CASE(2) !< Spinup period
3332	lscoag = ( .FALSE. .AND. nlcoag )
3333	lscnd = ( .TRUE. .AND. nlcnd )
3334	lscndgas = ( .TRUE. .AND. nlcndgas )
3335	lscndh2oae = ( .TRUE. .AND. nlcndh2oae )
3336
3337	CASE(3) !< Run
3338	lscoag = nlcoag
3339	lscnd = nlcnd
3340	lscndgas = nlcndgas
3341	lscndh2oae = nlcndh2oae
3342	lsdepo = nldepo
3343	lsdepo_pcm = nldepo_pcm
3344	lsdepo_surf = nldepo_surf
3345	lsdistupdate = nldistupdate
3346	END SELECT
3347
3348
3349	END SUBROUTINE set_salsa_runtime
3350
3351	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3352	! Description:
3353	! ------------
3354	!> Calculates the absolute temperature (using hydrostatic pressure), saturation
3355	!> vapour pressure and mixing ratio over water, relative humidity and air
3356	!> density needed in the SALSA model.
3357	!> NOTE, no saturation adjustment takes place -> the resulting water vapour
3358	!> mixing ratio can be supersaturated, allowing the microphysical calculations
3359	!> in SALSA.
3360	!
3361	!> Juha Tonttila, FMI, 2014 (original SALSAthrm)
3362	!> Mona Kurppa, UHel, 2017 (adjustment for PALM and only aerosol processes)
3363	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3364	SUBROUTINE salsa_thrm_ij( i, j, p_ij, temp_ij, cw_ij, cs_ij, adn_ij )
3365
3366	USE arrays_3d, &
3367	ONLY: pt, q, zu
3368
3369	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
3370	ONLY: barometric_formula, exner_function, ideal_gas_law_rho, magnus
3371
3372	IMPLICIT NONE
3373
3374	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(in) :: i !<
3375	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(in) :: j !<
3376
3377	REAL(wp) :: t_surface !< absolute surface temperature (K)
3378
3379	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: e_s !< saturation vapour pressure over water (Pa)
3380
3381	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(inout) :: adn_ij !< air density (kg/m3)
3382	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(inout) :: p_ij !< air pressure (Pa)
3383	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(inout) :: temp_ij !< air temperature (K)
3384
3385	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(inout), OPTIONAL :: cw_ij !< water vapour concentration (kg/m3)
3386	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(inout), OPTIONAL :: cs_ij !< saturation water vap. conc.(kg/m3)
3387	!
3388	!-- Pressure p_ijk (Pa) = hydrostatic pressure
3389	t_surface = pt_surface * exner_function( surface_pressure * 100.0_wp )
3390	p_ij(:) = barometric_formula( zu, t_surface, surface_pressure * 100.0_wp )
3391	!
3392	!-- Absolute ambient temperature (K)
3393	temp_ij(:) = pt(:,j,i) * exner_function( p_ij(:) )
3394	!
3395	!-- Air density
3396	adn_ij(:) = ideal_gas_law_rho( p_ij(:), temp_ij(:) )
3397	!
3398	!-- Water vapour concentration r_v (kg/m3)
3399	IF ( PRESENT( cw_ij ) ) THEN
3400	cw_ij(:) = ( q(:,j,i) / ( 1.0_wp - q(:,j,i) ) ) * adn_ij(:)
3401	ENDIF
3402	!
3403	!-- Saturation mixing ratio r_s (kg/kg) from vapour pressure at temp (Pa)
3404	IF ( PRESENT( cs_ij ) ) THEN
3405	e_s(:) = 611.0_wp * EXP( alv_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / &
3406	temp_ij(:) ) )! magnus( temp_ij(:) )
3407	cs_ij(:) = ( 0.622_wp * e_s / ( p_ij(:) - e_s(:) ) ) * adn_ij(:)
3408	ENDIF
3409
3410	END SUBROUTINE salsa_thrm_ij
3411
3412	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3413	! Description:
3414	! ------------
3415	!> Calculates ambient sizes of particles by equilibrating soluble fraction of
3416	!> particles with water using the ZSR method (Stokes and Robinson, 1966).
3417	!> Method:
3418	!> Following chemical components are assumed water-soluble
3419	!> - (ammonium) sulphate (100%)
3420	!> - sea salt (100 %)
3421	!> - organic carbon (epsoc * 100%)
3422	!> Exact thermodynamic considerations neglected.
3423	!> - If particles contain no sea salt, calculation according to sulphate
3424	!> properties
3425	!> - If contain sea salt but no sulphate, calculation according to sea salt
3426	!> properties
3427	!> - If contain both sulphate and sea salt -> the molar fraction of these
3428	!> compounds determines which one of them is used as the basis of calculation.
3429	!> If sulphate and sea salt coexist in a particle, it is assumed that the Cl is
3430	!> replaced by sulphate; thus only either sulphate + organics or sea salt +
3431	!> organics is included in the calculation of soluble fraction.
3432	!> Molality parameterizations taken from Table 1 of Tang: Thermodynamic and
3433	!> optical properties of mixed-salt aerosols of atmospheric importance,
3434	!> J. Geophys. Res., 102 (D2), 1883-1893 (1997)
3435	!
3436	!> Coded by:
3437	!> Hannele Korhonen (FMI) 2005
3438	!> Harri Kokkola (FMI) 2006
3439	!> Matti Niskanen(FMI) 2012
3440	!> Anton Laakso (FMI) 2013
3441	!> Modified for the new aerosol datatype, Juha Tonttila (FMI) 2014
3442	!
3443	!> fxm: should sea salt form a solid particle when prh is very low (even though
3444	!> it could be mixed with e.g. sulphate)?
3445	!> fxm: crashes if no sulphate or sea salt
3446	!> fxm: do we really need to consider Kelvin effect for subrange 2
3447	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3448	SUBROUTINE equilibration( prh, ptemp, paero, init )
3449
3450	IMPLICIT NONE
3451
3452	INTEGER(iwp) :: ib !< loop index
3453	INTEGER(iwp) :: counti !< loop index
3454
3455	LOGICAL, INTENT(in) :: init !< TRUE: Initialization, FALSE: Normal runtime: update water
3456	!< content only for 1a
3457
3458	REAL(wp) :: zaw !< water activity [0-1]
3459	REAL(wp) :: zcore !< Volume of dry particle
3460	REAL(wp) :: zdold !< Old diameter
3461	REAL(wp) :: zdwet !< Wet diameter or mean droplet diameter
3462	REAL(wp) :: zke !< Kelvin term in the KÃ¶hler equation
3463	REAL(wp) :: zlwc !< liquid water content [kg/m3-air]
3464	REAL(wp) :: zrh !< Relative humidity
3465
3466	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(maxspec) :: zbinmol !< binary molality of each components (mol/kg)
3467	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(maxspec) :: zvpart !< volume of chem. compounds in one particle
3468
3469	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: prh !< relative humidity [0-1]
3470	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: ptemp !< temperature (K)
3471
3472	TYPE(t_section), DIMENSION(nbins_aerosol), INTENT(inout) :: paero !< aerosol properties
3473
3474	zaw = 0.0_wp
3475	zlwc = 0.0_wp
3476	!
3477	!-- Relative humidity:
3478	zrh = prh
3479	zrh = MAX( zrh, 0.05_wp )
3480	zrh = MIN( zrh, 0.98_wp)
3481	!
3482	!-- 1) Regime 1: sulphate and partly water-soluble OC. Done for every CALL
3483	DO ib = start_subrange_1a, end_subrange_1a ! size bin
3484
3485	zbinmol = 0.0_wp
3486	zdold = 1.0_wp
3487	zke = 1.02_wp
3488
3489	IF ( paero(ib)%numc > nclim ) THEN
3490	!
3491	!-- Volume in one particle
3492	zvpart = 0.0_wp
3493	zvpart(1:2) = paero(ib)%volc(1:2) / paero(ib)%numc
3494	zvpart(6:7) = paero(ib)%volc(6:7) / paero(ib)%numc
3495	!
3496	!-- Total volume and wet diameter of one dry particle
3497	zcore = SUM( zvpart(1:2) )
3498	zdwet = paero(ib)%dwet
3499
3500	counti = 0
3501	DO WHILE ( ABS( zdwet / zdold - 1.0_wp ) > 1.0E-2_wp )
3502
3503	zdold = MAX( zdwet, 1.0E-20_wp )
3504	zaw = MAX( 1.0E-3_wp, zrh / zke ) ! To avoid underflow
3505	!
3506	!-- Binary molalities (mol/kg):
3507	!-- Sulphate
3508	zbinmol(1) = 1.1065495E+2_wp - 3.6759197E+2_wp * zaw + 5.0462934E+2_wp * zaw**2 - &
3509	3.1543839E+2_wp * zaw*3 + 6.770824E+1_wp zaw**4
3510	!-- Organic carbon
3511	zbinmol(2) = 1.0_wp / ( zaw * amh2o ) - 1.0_wp / amh2o
3512	!-- Nitric acid
3513	zbinmol(6) = 2.306844303E+1_wp - 3.563608869E+1_wp * zaw - 6.210577919E+1_wp * zaw**2 &
3514	+ 5.510176187E+2_wp * zaw*3 - 1.460055286E+3_wp zaw**4 &
3515	+ 1.894467542E+3_wp * zaw*5 - 1.220611402E+3_wp zaw**6 &
3516	+ 3.098597737E+2_wp * zaw**7
3517	!
3518	!-- Calculate the liquid water content (kg/m3-air) using ZSR (see e.g. Eq. 10.98 in
3519	!-- Seinfeld and Pandis (2006))
3520	zlwc = ( paero(ib)%volc(1) * ( arhoh2so4 / amh2so4 ) ) / zbinmol(1) + &
3521	epsoc * paero(ib)%volc(2) * ( arhooc / amoc ) / zbinmol(2) + &
3522	( paero(ib)%volc(6) * ( arhohno3/amhno3 ) ) / zbinmol(6)
3523	!
3524	!-- Particle wet diameter (m)
3525	zdwet = ( zlwc / paero(ib)%numc / arhoh2o / api6 + ( SUM( zvpart(6:7) ) / api6 ) + &
3526	zcore / api6 )**0.33333333_wp
3527	!
3528	!-- Kelvin effect (Eq. 10.85 in in Seinfeld and Pandis (2006)). Avoid
3529	!-- overflow.
3530	zke = EXP( MIN( 50.0_wp, 4.0_wp * surfw0 * amvh2so4 / ( abo * ptemp * zdwet ) ) )
3531
3532	counti = counti + 1
3533	IF ( counti > 1000 ) THEN
3534	message_string = 'Subrange 1: no convergence!'
3535	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: equilibration', 'PA0617', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
3536	ENDIF
3537	ENDDO
3538	!
3539	!-- Instead of lwc, use the volume concentration of water from now on
3540	!-- (easy to convert...)
3541	paero(ib)%volc(8) = zlwc / arhoh2o
3542	!
3543	!-- If this is initialization, update the core and wet diameter
3544	IF ( init ) THEN
3545	paero(ib)%dwet = zdwet
3546	paero(ib)%core = zcore
3547	ENDIF
3548
3549	ELSE
3550	!-- If initialization
3551	!-- 1.2) empty bins given bin average values
3552	IF ( init ) THEN
3553	paero(ib)%dwet = paero(ib)%dmid
3554	paero(ib)%core = api6 * paero(ib)%dmid**3
3555	ENDIF
3556
3557	ENDIF
3558
3559	ENDDO ! ib
3560	!
3561	!-- 2) Regime 2a: sulphate, OC, BC and sea salt
3562	!-- This is done only for initialization call, otherwise the water contents
3563	!-- are computed via condensation
3564	IF ( init ) THEN
3565	DO ib = start_subrange_2a, end_subrange_2b
3566	!
3567	!-- Initialize
3568	zke = 1.02_wp
3569	zbinmol = 0.0_wp
3570	zdold = 1.0_wp
3571	!
3572	!-- 1) Particle properties calculated for non-empty bins
3573	IF ( paero(ib)%numc > nclim ) THEN
3574	!
3575	!-- Volume in one particle [fxm]
3576	zvpart = 0.0_wp
3577	zvpart(1:7) = paero(ib)%volc(1:7) / paero(ib)%numc
3578	!
3579	!-- Total volume and wet diameter of one dry particle [fxm]
3580	zcore = SUM( zvpart(1:5) )
3581	zdwet = paero(ib)%dwet
3582
3583	counti = 0
3584	DO WHILE ( ABS( zdwet / zdold - 1.0_wp ) > 1.0E-12_wp )
3585
3586	zdold = MAX( zdwet, 1.0E-20_wp )
3587	zaw = zrh / zke
3588	!
3589	!-- Binary molalities (mol/kg):
3590	!-- Sulphate
3591	zbinmol(1) = 1.1065495E+2_wp - 3.6759197E+2_wp * zaw + 5.0462934E+2_wp * zaw**2 - &
3592	3.1543839E+2_wp * zaw*3 + 6.770824E+1_wp zaw**4
3593	!-- Organic carbon
3594	zbinmol(2) = 1.0_wp / ( zaw * amh2o ) - 1.0_wp / amh2o
3595	!-- Nitric acid
3596	zbinmol(6) = 2.306844303E+1_wp - 3.563608869E+1_wp * zaw - &
3597	6.210577919E+1_wp * zaw*2 + 5.510176187E+2_wp zaw**3 - &
3598	1.460055286E+3_wp * zaw*4 + 1.894467542E+3_wp zaw**5 - &
3599	1.220611402E+3_wp * zaw*6 + 3.098597737E+2_wp zaw**7
3600	!-- Sea salt (natrium chloride)
3601	zbinmol(5) = 5.875248E+1_wp - 1.8781997E+2_wp * zaw + 2.7211377E+2_wp * zaw**2 - &
3602	1.8458287E+2_wp * zaw*3 + 4.153689E+1_wp zaw**4
3603	!
3604	!-- Calculate the liquid water content (kg/m3-air)
3605	zlwc = ( paero(ib)%volc(1) * ( arhoh2so4 / amh2so4 ) ) / zbinmol(1) + &
3606	epsoc * ( paero(ib)%volc(2) * ( arhooc / amoc ) ) / zbinmol(2) + &
3607	( paero(ib)%volc(6) * ( arhohno3 / amhno3 ) ) / zbinmol(6) + &
3608	( paero(ib)%volc(5) * ( arhoss / amss ) ) / zbinmol(5)
3609
3610	!-- Particle wet radius (m)
3611	zdwet = ( zlwc / paero(ib)%numc / arhoh2o / api6 + ( SUM( zvpart(6:7) ) / api6 ) + &
3612	zcore / api6 )**0.33333333_wp
3613	!
3614	!-- Kelvin effect (Eq. 10.85 in Seinfeld and Pandis (2006))
3615	zke = EXP( MIN( 50.0_wp, 4.0_wp * surfw0 * amvh2so4 / ( abo * zdwet * ptemp ) ) )
3616
3617	counti = counti + 1
3618	IF ( counti > 1000 ) THEN
3619	message_string = 'Subrange 2: no convergence!'
3620	CALL message( 'salsa_mod: equilibration', 'PA0618', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
3621	ENDIF
3622	ENDDO
3623	!
3624	!-- Liquid water content; instead of LWC use the volume concentration
3625	paero(ib)%volc(8) = zlwc / arhoh2o
3626	paero(ib)%dwet = zdwet
3627	paero(ib)%core = zcore
3628
3629	ELSE
3630	!-- 2.2) empty bins given bin average values
3631	paero(ib)%dwet = paero(ib)%dmid
3632	paero(ib)%core = api6 * paero(ib)%dmid**3
3633	ENDIF
3634
3635	ENDDO ! ib
3636	ENDIF
3637
3638	END SUBROUTINE equilibration
3639
3640	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3641	!> Description:
3642	!> ------------
3643	!> Calculation of the settling velocity vc (m/s) per aerosol size bin and
3644	!> deposition on plant canopy (lsdepo_pcm).
3645	!
3646	!> Deposition is based on either the scheme presented in:
3647	!> Zhang et al. (2001), Atmos. Environ. 35, 549-560 (includes collection due to
3648	!> Brownian diffusion, impaction, interception and sedimentation; hereafter ZO1)
3649	!> OR
3650	!> Petroff & Zhang (2010), Geosci. Model Dev. 3, 753-769 (includes also
3651	!> collection due to turbulent impaction, hereafter P10)
3652	!
3653	!> Equation numbers refer to equation in Jacobson (2005): Fundamentals of
3654	!> Atmospheric Modeling, 2nd Edition.
3655	!
3656	!> Subroutine follows closely sedim_SALSA in UCLALES-SALSA written by Juha
3657	!> Tonttila (KIT/FMI) and Zubair Maalick (UEF).
3658	!> Rewritten to PALM by Mona Kurppa (UH), 2017.
3659	!
3660	!> Call for grid point i,j,k
3661	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3662
3663	SUBROUTINE deposition( paero, tk, adn, mag_u, lad, kvis, schmidt_num, vc )
3664
3665	USE plant_canopy_model_mod, &
3666	ONLY: cdc
3667
3668	IMPLICIT NONE
3669
3670	INTEGER(iwp) :: ib !< loop index
3671	INTEGER(iwp) :: ic !< loop index
3672
3673	REAL(wp) :: alpha !< parameter, Table 3 in Z01
3674	REAL(wp) :: avis !< molecular viscocity of air (kg/(m*s))
3675	REAL(wp) :: beta_im !< parameter for turbulent impaction
3676	REAL(wp) :: c_brownian_diff !< coefficient for Brownian diffusion
3677	REAL(wp) :: c_impaction !< coefficient for inertial impaction
3678	REAL(wp) :: c_interception !< coefficient for interception
3679	REAL(wp) :: c_turb_impaction !< coefficient for turbulent impaction
3680	REAL(wp) :: depo !< deposition velocity (m/s)
3681	REAL(wp) :: gamma !< parameter, Table 3 in Z01
3682	REAL(wp) :: lambda !< molecular mean free path (m)
3683	REAL(wp) :: mdiff !< particle diffusivity coefficient
3684	REAL(wp) :: par_a !< parameter A for the characteristic radius of collectors,
3685	!< Table 3 in Z01
3686	REAL(wp) :: par_l !< obstacle characteristic dimension in P10
3687	REAL(wp) :: pdn !< particle density (kg/m3)
3688	REAL(wp) :: ustar !< friction velocity (m/s)
3689	REAL(wp) :: va !< thermal speed of an air molecule (m/s)
3690
3691	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: adn !< air density (kg/m3)
3692	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: lad !< leaf area density (m2/m3)
3693	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: mag_u !< wind velocity (m/s)
3694	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: tk !< abs.temperature (K)
3695
3696	REAL(wp), INTENT(inout) :: kvis !< kinematic viscosity of air (m2/s)
3697
3698	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nbins_aerosol) :: beta !< Cunningham slip-flow correction factor
3699	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nbins_aerosol) :: Kn !< Knudsen number
3700	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nbins_aerosol) :: zdwet !< wet diameter (m)
3701
3702	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(inout) :: schmidt_num !< particle Schmidt number
3703	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(inout) :: vc !< critical fall speed i.e. settling velocity of
3704	!< an aerosol particle (m/s)
3705
3706	TYPE(t_section), DIMENSION(nbins_aerosol), INTENT(inout) :: paero !< aerosol properties
3707	!
3708	!-- Initialise
3709	depo = 0.0_wp
3710	pdn = 1500.0_wp ! default value
3711	ustar = 0.0_wp
3712	!
3713	!-- Molecular viscosity of air (Eq. 4.54)
3714	avis = 1.8325E-5_wp * ( 416.16_wp / ( tk + 120.0_wp ) ) * ( tk / 296.16_wp )**1.5_wp
3715	!
3716	!-- Kinematic viscosity (Eq. 4.55)
3717	kvis = avis / adn
3718	!
3719	!-- Thermal velocity of an air molecule (Eq. 15.32)
3720	va = SQRT( 8.0_wp * abo * tk / ( pi * am_airmol ) )
3721	!
3722	!-- Mean free path (m) (Eq. 15.24)
3723	lambda = 2.0_wp * avis / ( adn * va )
3724	!
3725	!-- Particle wet diameter (m)
3726	zdwet = paero(:)%dwet
3727	!
3728	!-- Knudsen number (Eq. 15.23)
3729	Kn = MAX( 1.0E-2_wp, lambda / ( zdwet * 0.5_wp ) ) ! To avoid underflow
3730	!
3731	!-- Cunningham slip-flow correction (Eq. 15.30)
3732	beta = 1.0_wp + Kn * ( 1.249_wp + 0.42_wp * EXP( -0.87_wp / Kn ) )
3733	!
3734	!-- Critical fall speed i.e. settling velocity (Eq. 20.4)
3735	vc = MIN( 1.0_wp, zdwet*2 ( pdn - adn ) * g * beta / ( 18.0_wp * avis ) )
3736	!
3737	!-- Deposition on vegetation
3738	IF ( lsdepo_pcm .AND. plant_canopy .AND. lad > 0.0_wp ) THEN
3739	!
3740	!-- Parameters for the land use category 'deciduous broadleaf trees'(Table 3)
3741	alpha = alpha_z01(depo_pcm_type_num)
3742	gamma = gamma_z01(depo_pcm_type_num)
3743	par_a = A_z01(depo_pcm_type_num, season) * 1.0E-3_wp
3744	!
3745	!-- Deposition efficiencies from Table 1. Constants from Table 2.
3746	par_l = l_p10(depo_pcm_type_num) * 0.01_wp
3747	c_brownian_diff = c_b_p10(depo_pcm_type_num)
3748	c_interception = c_in_p10(depo_pcm_type_num)
3749	c_impaction = c_im_p10(depo_pcm_type_num)
3750	beta_im = beta_im_p10(depo_pcm_type_num)
3751	c_turb_impaction = c_it_p10(depo_pcm_type_num)
3752
3753	DO ib = 1, nbins_aerosol
3754
3755	IF ( paero(ib)%numc < ( 2.0_wp * nclim ) ) CYCLE
3756
3757	!-- Particle diffusivity coefficient (Eq. 15.29)
3758	mdiff = ( abo * tk * beta(ib) ) / ( 3.0_wp * pi * avis * zdwet(ib) )
3759	!
3760	!-- Particle Schmidt number (Eq. 15.36)
3761	schmidt_num(ib) = kvis / mdiff
3762	!
3763	!-- Friction velocity for deposition on vegetation. Calculated following Prandtl (1925):
3764	ustar = SQRT( cdc ) * mag_u
3765	SELECT CASE ( depo_pcm_par_num )
3766
3767	CASE ( 1 ) ! Zhang et al. (2001)
3768	CALL depo_vel_Z01( vc(ib), ustar, schmidt_num(ib), paero(ib)%dwet, alpha, gamma, &
3769	par_a, depo )
3770	CASE ( 2 ) ! Petroff & Zhang (2010)
3771	CALL depo_vel_P10( vc(ib), mag_u, ustar, kvis, schmidt_num(ib), paero(ib)%dwet, &
3772	par_l, c_brownian_diff, c_interception, c_impaction, beta_im, &
3773	c_turb_impaction, depo )
3774	END SELECT
3775	!
3776	!-- Calculate the change in concentrations
3777	paero(ib)%numc = paero(ib)%numc - depo * lad * paero(ib)%numc * dt_salsa
3778	DO ic = 1, maxspec+1
3779	paero(ib)%volc(ic) = paero(ib)%volc(ic) - depo * lad * paero(ib)%volc(ic) * dt_salsa
3780	ENDDO
3781	ENDDO
3782
3783	ENDIF
3784
3785	END SUBROUTINE deposition
3786
3787	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3788	! Description:
3789	! ------------
3790	!> Calculate deposition velocity (m/s) based on Zhan et al. (2001, case 1).
3791	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3792
3793	SUBROUTINE depo_vel_Z01( vc, ustar, schmidt_num, diameter, alpha, gamma, par_a, depo )
3794
3795	IMPLICIT NONE
3796
3797	REAL(wp) :: rs !< overall quasi-laminar resistance for particles
3798	REAL(wp) :: stokes_num !< Stokes number for smooth or bluff surfaces
3799
3800	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: alpha !< parameter, Table 3 in Z01
3801	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: gamma !< parameter, Table 3 in Z01
3802	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: par_a !< parameter A for the characteristic diameter of
3803	!< collectors, Table 3 in Z01
3804	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: diameter !< particle diameter
3805	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: schmidt_num !< particle Schmidt number
3806	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: ustar !< friction velocity (m/s)
3807	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: vc !< terminal velocity (m/s)
3808
3809	REAL(wp), INTENT(inout) :: depo !< deposition efficiency (m/s)
3810
3811	IF ( par_a > 0.0_wp ) THEN
3812	!
3813	!-- Initialise
3814	rs = 0.0_wp
3815	!
3816	!-- Stokes number for vegetated surfaces (Seinfeld & Pandis (2006): Eq.19.24)
3817	stokes_num = vc * ustar / ( g * par_a )
3818	!
3819	!-- The overall quasi-laminar resistance for particles (Zhang et al., Eq. 5)
3820	rs = MAX( EPSILON( 1.0_wp ), ( 3.0_wp * ustar * EXP( -stokes_num*0.5_wp ) &
3821	( schmidt_num( -gamma ) + ( stokes_num / ( alpha + stokes_num ) )2 + &
3822	0.5_wp * ( diameter / par_a )**2 ) ) )
3823
3824	depo = rs + vc
3825
3826	ELSE
3827	depo = 0.0_wp
3828	ENDIF
3829
3830	END SUBROUTINE depo_vel_Z01
3831
3832	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3833	! Description:
3834	! ------------
3835	!> Calculate deposition velocity (m/s) based on Petroff & Zhang (2010, case 2).
3836	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3837
3838	SUBROUTINE depo_vel_P10( vc, mag_u, ustar, kvis_a, schmidt_num, diameter, par_l, c_brownian_diff, &
3839	c_interception, c_impaction, beta_im, c_turb_impaction, depo )
3840
3841	IMPLICIT NONE
3842
3843	REAL(wp) :: stokes_num !< Stokes number for smooth or bluff surfaces
3844	REAL(wp) :: tau_plus !< dimensionless particle relaxation time
3845	REAL(wp) :: v_bd !< deposition velocity due to Brownian diffusion
3846	REAL(wp) :: v_im !< deposition velocity due to impaction
3847	REAL(wp) :: v_in !< deposition velocity due to interception
3848	REAL(wp) :: v_it !< deposition velocity due to turbulent impaction
3849
3850	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: beta_im !< parameter for turbulent impaction
3851	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: c_brownian_diff !< coefficient for Brownian diffusion
3852	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: c_impaction !< coefficient for inertial impaction
3853	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: c_interception !< coefficient for interception
3854	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: c_turb_impaction !< coefficient for turbulent impaction
3855	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: kvis_a !< kinematic viscosity of air (m2/s)
3856	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: mag_u !< wind velocity (m/s)
3857	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: par_l !< obstacle characteristic dimension in P10
3858	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: diameter !< particle diameter
3859	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: schmidt_num !< particle Schmidt number
3860	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: ustar !< friction velocity (m/s)
3861	REAL(wp), INTENT(in) :: vc !< terminal velocity (m/s)
3862
3863	REAL(wp), INTENT(inout) :: depo !< deposition efficiency (m/s)
3864
3865	IF ( par_l > 0.0_wp ) THEN
3866	!
3867	!-- Initialise
3868	tau_plus = 0.0_wp
3869	v_bd = 0.0_wp
3870	v_im = 0.0_wp
3871	v_in = 0.0_wp
3872	v_it = 0.0_wp
3873	!
3874	!-- Stokes number for vegetated surfaces (Seinfeld & Pandis (2006): Eq.19.24)
3875	stokes_num = vc * ustar / ( g * par_l )
3876	!
3877	!-- Non-dimensional relexation time of the particle on top of canopy
3878	tau_plus = vc * ustar*2 / ( kvis_a g )
3879	!
3880	!-- Brownian diffusion
3881	v_bd = mag_u * c_brownian_diff * schmidt_num*( -0.66666666_wp ) &
3882	( mag_u * par_l / kvis_a )**( -0.5_wp )
3883	!
3884	!-- Interception
3885	v_in = mag_u * c_interception * diameter / par_l * &
3886	( 2.0_wp + LOG( 2.0_wp * par_l / diameter ) )
3887	!
3888	!-- Impaction: Petroff (2009) Eq. 18
3889	v_im = mag_u * c_impaction * ( stokes_num / ( stokes_num + beta_im ) )**2
3890	!
3891	!-- Turbulent impaction
3892	IF ( tau_plus < 20.0_wp ) THEN
3893	v_it = 2.5E-3_wp * c_turb_impaction * tau_plus**2
3894	ELSE
3895	v_it = c_turb_impaction
3896	ENDIF
3897
3898	depo = ( v_bd + v_in + v_im + v_it + vc )
3899
3900	ELSE
3901	depo = 0.0_wp
3902	ENDIF
3903
3904	END SUBROUTINE depo_vel_P10
3905
3906	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3907	! Description:
3908	! ------------
3909	!> Calculate the dry deposition on horizontal and vertical surfaces. Implement
3910	!> as a surface flux.
3911	!> @todo aerodynamic resistance ignored for now (not important for
3912	! high-resolution simulations)
3913	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3914	SUBROUTINE depo_surf( i, j, surf, vc, schmidt_num, kvis, mag_u, norm, match_array )
3915
3916	USE arrays_3d, &
3917	ONLY: rho_air_zw
3918
3919	USE surface_mod, &
3920	ONLY: ind_pav_green, ind_veg_wall, ind_wat_win, surf_type
3921
3922	IMPLICIT NONE
3923
3924	INTEGER(iwp) :: ib !< loop index
3925	INTEGER(iwp) :: ic !< loop index
3926	INTEGER(iwp) :: icc !< additional loop index
3927	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< loop index
3928	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< loop index
3929	INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_e !< End index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint
3930	INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_s !< Start index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint
3931
3932	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(in) :: i !< loop index
3933	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(in) :: j !< loop index
3934
3935	LOGICAL, INTENT(in) :: norm !< to normalise or not
3936
3937	REAL(wp) :: alpha !< parameter, Table 3 in Z01
3938	REAL(wp) :: beta_im !< parameter for turbulent impaction
3939	REAL(wp) :: c_brownian_diff !< coefficient for Brownian diffusion
3940	REAL(wp) :: c_impaction !< coefficient for inertial impaction
3941	REAL(wp) :: c_interception !< coefficient for interception
3942	REAL(wp) :: c_turb_impaction !< coefficient for turbulent impaction
3943	REAL(wp) :: gamma !< parameter, Table 3 in Z01
3944	REAL(wp) :: norm_fac !< normalisation factor (usually air density)
3945	REAL(wp) :: par_a !< parameter A for the characteristic radius of collectors,
3946	!< Table 3 in Z01
3947	REAL(wp) :: par_l !< obstacle characteristic dimension in P10
3948	REAL(wp) :: rs !< the overall quasi-laminar resistance for particles
3949	REAL(wp) :: tau_plus !< dimensionless particle relaxation time
3950	REAL(wp) :: v_bd !< deposition velocity due to Brownian diffusion
3951	REAL(wp) :: v_im !< deposition velocity due to impaction
3952	REAL(wp) :: v_in !< deposition velocity due to interception
3953	REAL(wp) :: v_it !< deposition velocity due to turbulent impaction
3954
3955	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nbins_aerosol) :: depo !< deposition efficiency
3956	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nbins_aerosol) :: depo_sum !< sum of deposition efficiencies
3957
3958	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(in) :: kvis !< kinematic viscosity of air (m2/s)
3959	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), INTENT(in) :: mag_u !< wind velocity (m/s)
3960
3961	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(in) :: schmidt_num !< particle Schmidt number
3962	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), INTENT(in) :: vc !< terminal velocity (m/s)
3963
3964	TYPE(match_surface), INTENT(in), OPTIONAL