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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4339

Last change on this file since 4339 was 4335, checked in by suehring, 4 years ago
Plant canopy: implement fix for LAD on building edges also for the vectorl-optimized branch
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 99.8 KB

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1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
21	!
22	! Current revisions:
23	! ------------------
24	!
25	!
26	! Former revisions:
27	! -----------------
28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4335 2019-12-12 16:39:05Z suehring $
29	! Fix for LAD at building edges also implemented in vector branch.
30	!
31	! 4331 2019-12-10 18:25:02Z suehring
32	! Typo corrected
33	!
34	! 4329 2019-12-10 15:46:36Z motisi
35	! Renamed wall_flags_0 to wall_flags_static_0
36	!
37	! 4314 2019-11-29 10:29:20Z suehring
38	! - Bugfix, plant canopy was still considered at building edges on for the u-
39	! and v-component.
40	! - Relax restriction of LAD on building tops. LAD is only omitted at
41	! locations where building grid points emerged artificially by the
42	! topography filtering.
43	!
44	! 4309 2019-11-26 18:49:59Z suehring
45	! Typo
46	!
47	! 4302 2019-11-22 13:15:56Z suehring
48	! Omit tall canopy mapped on top of buildings
49	!
50	! 4279 2019-10-29 08:48:17Z scharf
51	! unused variables removed
52	!
53	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z scharf
54	! changed check for static driver and fixed bugs in initialization and header
55	!
56	! 4258 2019-10-07 13:29:08Z suehring
57	! Check if any LAD is prescribed when plant-canopy model is applied.
58	!
59	! 4226 2019-09-10 17:03:24Z suehring
60	! Bugfix, missing initialization of heating rate
61	!
62	! 4221 2019-09-09 08:50:35Z suehring
63	! Further bugfix in 3d data output for plant canopy
64	!
65	! 4216 2019-09-04 09:09:03Z suehring
66	! Bugfixes in 3d data output
67	!
68	! 4205 2019-08-30 13:25:00Z suehring
69	! Missing working precision + bugfix in calculation of wind speed
70	!
71	! 4188 2019-08-26 14:15:47Z suehring
72	! Minor adjustment in error number
73	!
74	! 4187 2019-08-26 12:43:15Z suehring
75	! Give specific error numbers instead of PA0999
76	!
77	! 4182 2019-08-22 15:20:23Z scharf
78	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
79	!
80	! 4168 2019-08-16 13:50:17Z suehring
81	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
82	!
83	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
84	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
85	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
86	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
87	! (merge from branch resler)
88	!
89	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
90	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
91	! of additional debug messages
92	!
93	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
94	! unsed variables removed
95	!
96	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
97	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
98	! becomes > 40 degrees
99	!
100	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
101	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
102	!
103	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
104	! unused variables removed
105	!
106	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
107	! Initial revision
108	!
109	! Description:
110	! ------------
111	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
112	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
113	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
114	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
115	!
116	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
117	! @todo - unify variable names (pcm_, pc_, ...)
118	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
119	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
120
121	USE arrays_3d, &
122	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
123
124	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
125	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
126
127	USE control_parameters, &
128	ONLY: debug_output, humidity
129
130	USE indices, &
131	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
132	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind, wall_flags_static_0
133
134	USE kinds
135
136	USE pegrid
137
138
139	IMPLICIT NONE
140
141
142	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
143	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
144	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
145	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
146
147	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
148	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
149
150	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
151
152	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
153
154	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
155	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
156	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
157	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
158	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
159	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
160	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
161	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
162	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
163	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
164	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
165	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
166	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
167
168	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
169	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
170
171	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
172	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
173
174	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
175	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
176
177	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
178	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
179	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
180	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
181	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
182
183	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
184	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
185	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
186
187	SAVE
188
189
190	PRIVATE
191
192	!
193	!-- Public functions
194	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, pcm_check_data_output, &
195	pcm_check_parameters, pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
196	pcm_data_output_3d, pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
197	pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
198
199	!
200	!-- Public variables and constants
201	PUBLIC cdc, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate, &
202	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, &
203	plant_canopy_transpiration
204
205	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
206	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
207	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
208
209	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
210	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
211	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
212
213	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
214	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
215	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
216
217	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
218	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
219	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
220
221	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
222	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
223	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
224
225	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
226	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
227	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
228
229	INTERFACE pcm_header
230	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
231	END INTERFACE pcm_header
232
233	INTERFACE pcm_init
234	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
235	END INTERFACE pcm_init
236
237	INTERFACE pcm_parin
238	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
239	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
240
241	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
242	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
243	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
244
245	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
246	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
247	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
248	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
249
250
251	CONTAINS
252
253
254
255	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
256	! Description:
257	! ------------
258	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
259	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
260	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
261	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
262	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
263	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
264	!> Tree Physiology 20).
265	!>
266	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
267	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
268	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
269	!>
270	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
271	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
272
273	USE control_parameters, &
274	ONLY: dz
275
276	USE grid_variables, &
277	ONLY: dx, dy
278
279	IMPLICIT NONE
280	!-- input parameters
281	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
282	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
283	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
284	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
285	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
286
287	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
288	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
289	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
290	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
291	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66.0_wp !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
292	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
293	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
294	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
295	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
296	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
297	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
298
299
300	!-- Temperature (deg C)
301	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
302	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
303	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0E-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
304	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
305	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
306	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
307	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
308	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
309	!-- Wind speed
310	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
311	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) )**2 + &
312	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) )**2 )
313	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
314	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
315	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
316	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
317	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
318	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
319	f1 = rad * (1000.0_wp+42.1_wp) / 1000.0_wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
320	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
321	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
322	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
323	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
324	!-- Water pressure deficit
325	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
326	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
327	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
328	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
329	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
330	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
331	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
332	f3 = -2E-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
333	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
334	!-- Residual soil water content
335	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
336	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
337	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
338	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
339	f4 = MAX(0.0_wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
340	!-- Stomatal conductivity
341	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
342	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
343	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0E-10_wp
344	!-- Decoupling factor
345	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
346	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / &
347	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp + 2.0_wp * g_b / g_s )
348	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
349	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
350	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
351	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
352	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
353	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
354	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
355	!-- Evaporation rate
356	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
357	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
358	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
359	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
360	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
361	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
362	!-- latent heat from evaporation
363	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
364
365	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
366
367
368	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
369	! Description:
370	! ------------
371	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
372	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
373	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
374
375	USE control_parameters, &
376	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
377
378	IMPLICIT NONE
379
380	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
381	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
382
383
384	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
385
386	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
387	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
388	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
389	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
390	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
391	ENDIF
392	unit = 'K s-1'
393
394	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
395	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
396
397	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
398	unit = 'K s-1'
399
400	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
401	unit = 'K s-1'
402
403	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
404	unit = 'm2 m-3'
405
406
407	CASE DEFAULT
408	unit = 'illegal'
409
410	END SELECT
411
412
413	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
414
415
416	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
417	! Description:
418	! ------------
419	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
420	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
421	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
422
423	USE control_parameters, &
424	ONLY: message_string
425
426	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
427	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
428
429	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
430	ONLY: input_pids_static
431
432
433	IMPLICIT NONE
434
435	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
436	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
437	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
438	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
439	ENDIF
440
441	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
442	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
443	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
444	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
445	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
446	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
447	ENDIF
448
449	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
450	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
451	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
452	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
453	'lai_beta = 0.0'
454	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
455	ENDIF
456
457	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
458	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
459	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
460	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
461	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
462	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
463	'density profile'
464	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
465	ENDIF
466
467	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
468	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
469	' seifert_beheng'
470	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
471	ENDIF
472	!
473	!-- If canopy shall be read from file, static input file must be present
474	IF ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) == 'read_from_file_3d' .AND. &
475	.NOT. input_pids_static ) THEN
476	message_string = 'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d requires ' // &
477	'static input file'
478	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0672', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
479	ENDIF
480
481
482	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
483
484
485	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
486	!
487	! Description:
488	! ------------
489	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
490	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
491	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
492
493
494	USE control_parameters
495
496	USE indices
497
498	USE kinds
499
500	IMPLICIT NONE
501
502	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
503	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
504
505	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
506	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
507	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
508
509
510	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
511
512	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
513
514	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
515	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
516	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
517	ENDIF
518	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
519
520
521	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
522	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
523	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
524	ENDIF
525	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
526
527
528	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
529	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
530	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
531	ENDIF
532	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
533
534	CASE DEFAULT
535	CONTINUE
536
537	END SELECT
538
539	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
540
541	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
542
543	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
544	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
545	DO i = nxl, nxr
546	DO j = nys, nyn
547	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
548	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
549	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
550	ENDDO
551	ENDIF
552	ENDDO
553	ENDDO
554	ENDIF
555
556
557	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
558	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
559	DO i = nxl, nxr
560	DO j = nys, nyn
561	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
562	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
563	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
564	ENDDO
565	ENDIF
566	ENDDO
567	ENDDO
568	ENDIF
569
570
571	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
572	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
573	DO i = nxl, nxr
574	DO j = nys, nyn
575	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
576	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
577	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
578	ENDDO
579	ENDIF
580	ENDDO
581	ENDDO
582	ENDIF
583
584	CASE DEFAULT
585	CONTINUE
586
587	END SELECT
588
589	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
590
591	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
592
593	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
594	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
595	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
596	DO j = nysg, nyng
597	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
598	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
599	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
600	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
601	ENDDO
602	ENDIF
603	ENDDO
604	ENDDO
605	ENDIF
606
607
608	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
609	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
610	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
611	DO j = nysg, nyng
612	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
613	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
614	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
615	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
616	ENDDO
617	ENDIF
618	ENDDO
619	ENDDO
620	ENDIF
621
622
623	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
624	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
625	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
626	DO j = nysg, nyng
627	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
628	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
629	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
630	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
631	ENDDO
632	ENDIF
633	ENDDO
634	ENDDO
635	ENDIF
636
637	END SELECT
638
639	ENDIF
640
641	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
642
643	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
644	!
645	! Description:
646	! ------------
647	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
648	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
649	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
650	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
651	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
652	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
653	nzb_do, nzt_do )
654
655	USE indices
656
657	USE kinds
658
659
660	IMPLICIT NONE
661
662	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< treated variable
663
664	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< flag indicating instantaneous or averaged data output
665	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x-direction
666	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y-direction
667	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z-direction
668	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
669	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
670
671	LOGICAL :: found !< flag indicating if variable is found
672
673	REAL(wp) :: fill_value !< fill value
674	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !< data output array
675
676
677	found = .TRUE.
678
679	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
680
681	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
682	!
683	!-- Note, to save memory arrays for heating are allocated from 0:pch_index.
684	!-- Thus, output must be relative to these array indices. Further, check
685	!-- whether the output is within the vertical output range,
686	!-- i.e. nzb_do:nzt_do, which is necessary as local_pf is only allocated
687	!-- for this index space. Note, plant-canopy output has a separate
688	!-- vertical output coordinate zlad, so that output is mapped down to the
689	!-- surface.
690	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
691	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
692	DO i = nxl, nxr
693	DO j = nys, nyn
694	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
695	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
696	ENDDO
697	ENDDO
698	ENDDO
699	ELSE
700	DO i = nxl, nxr
701	DO j = nys, nyn
702	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
703	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
704	ENDDO
705	ENDDO
706	ENDDO
707	ENDIF
708
709	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
710	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
711	DO i = nxl, nxr
712	DO j = nys, nyn
713	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
714	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
715	ENDDO
716	ENDDO
717	ENDDO
718	ELSE
719	DO i = nxl, nxr
720	DO j = nys, nyn
721	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
722	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
723	ENDDO
724	ENDDO
725	ENDDO
726	ENDIF
727
728	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
729	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
730	DO i = nxl, nxr
731	DO j = nys, nyn
732	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
733	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
734	ENDDO
735	ENDDO
736	ENDDO
737	ELSE
738	DO i = nxl, nxr
739	DO j = nys, nyn
740	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
741	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
742	ENDDO
743	ENDDO
744	ENDDO
745	ENDIF
746
747	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
748	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
749	DO i = nxl, nxr
750	DO j = nys, nyn
751	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
752	IF ( pc_latent_rate(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
753	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) / &
754	pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
755	ENDIF
756	ENDDO
757	ENDDO
758	ENDDO
759	ELSE
760	DO i = nxl, nxr
761	DO j = nys, nyn
762	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
763	IF ( pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
764	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) / &
765	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
766	ENDIF
767	ENDDO
768	ENDDO
769	ENDDO
770	ENDIF
771
772	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
773	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
774	DO i = nxl, nxr
775	DO j = nys, nyn
776	DO k = MAX( 1, nzb_do ), MIN( pch_index, nzt_do )
777	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
778	ENDDO
779	ENDDO
780	ENDDO
781	ENDIF
782
783	CASE DEFAULT
784	found = .FALSE.
785
786	END SELECT
787
788
789	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
790
791	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
792	!
793	! Description:
794	! ------------
795	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
796	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
797	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
798	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
799
800	IMPLICIT NONE
801
802	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
803	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
804	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
805	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
806	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
807
808	found = .TRUE.
809
810	!
811	!-- Check for the grid
812	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
813
814	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate', 'pcm_bowenratio')
815	grid_x = 'x'
816	grid_y = 'y'
817	grid_z = 'zpc'
818
819	CASE DEFAULT
820	found = .FALSE.
821	grid_x = 'none'
822	grid_y = 'none'
823	grid_z = 'none'
824	END SELECT
825
826	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
827
828
829	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
830	! Description:
831	! ------------
832	!> Header output for plant canopy model
833	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
834	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
835
836	USE control_parameters, &
837	ONLY: passive_scalar
838
839
840	IMPLICIT NONE
841
842	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
843
844	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
845	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
846	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
847	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
848
849	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
850	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
851	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
852
853	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
854
855	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
856
857	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
858	canopy_drag_coeff
859	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
860	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
861	leaf_surface_conc
862	ENDIF
863
864	!
865	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
866	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
867
868	!
869	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
870	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
871	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
872
873	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
874	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
875	gradients = '------'
876	slices = ' 0'
877	coordinates = ' 0.0'
878	DO i = 1, UBOUND(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind, DIM=1)
879	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) /= -9999 ) THEN
880
881	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
882	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
883
884	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
885	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
886
887	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
888	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
889
890	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
891	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
892	ELSE
893	EXIT
894	ENDIF
895	ENDDO
896
897	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
898	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
899
900	ELSE
901
902	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
903	coordinates = ' 0.0'
904
905	DO k = 1, pch_index
906
907	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
908	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
909	TRIM( coor_chr )
910
911	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
912	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
913
914	ENDDO
915
916	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
917	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
918
919	ENDIF
920
921	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
922	' ------------------------------'// &
923	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
924	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
925	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
926	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
927	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
928	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
929	' K m/s')
930	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
931	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
932	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
933	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
934	' Gridpoint: ',A)
935	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
936	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
937	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
938	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
939	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
940	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
941
942	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
943
944
945	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
946	! Description:
947	! ------------
948	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
949	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
950	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
951
952
953	USE control_parameters, &
954	ONLY: message_string, ocean_mode
955
956	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
957	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
958
959	USE pegrid
960
961	USE surface_mod, &
962	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
963
964	IMPLICIT NONE
965
966	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
967	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
968	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
969	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
970
971	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
972	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
973	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
974	REAL(wp) :: lad_max !< maximum LAD value in the model domain, used to perform a check
975
976	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
977	!
978	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
979	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
980	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
981	lad = 0.0_wp
982	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
983
984	!
985	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
986	!-- a beta probability density function
987	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
988	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
989	ENDIF
990
991
992	!
993	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
994	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
995	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
996	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
997	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
998	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
999
1000	!
1001	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
1002	i = 1
1003	gradient = 0.0_wp
1004
1005	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
1006
1007	lad(0) = lad_surface
1008	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
1009
1010	DO k = 1, pch_index
1011	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
1012	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
1013	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1014	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
1015	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
1016	i = i + 1
1017	ENDIF
1018	ENDIF
1019	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1020	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
1021	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
1022	ELSE
1023	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
1024	ENDIF
1025	ELSE
1026	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
1027	ENDIF
1028	ENDDO
1029
1030	ENDIF
1031
1032	!
1033	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
1034	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
1035	!-- file.
1036	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1037	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
1038	ENDIF
1039
1040	ELSE
1041
1042	!
1043	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
1044	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
1045	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
1046
1047	DO k = 0, pch_index
1048	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
1049	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1050	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
1051	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1052	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
1053	ENDDO
1054
1055	!
1056	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
1057	DO k = 0, pch_index
1058	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
1059	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
1060	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
1061	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
1062	) / canopy_height
1063	ENDDO
1064
1065	!
1066	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
1067	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
1068	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
1069	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
1070	DO k = 1, pch_index
1071	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
1072	ENDDO
1073
1074	ENDIF
1075
1076	!
1077	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
1078	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1079	!
1080	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
1081	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
1082	!-- with the prescribed values
1083	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
1084	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
1085	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
1086
1087	!
1088	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
1089	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
1090	!-- fully covers the domain surface
1091	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
1092
1093	CASE( 'block' )
1094
1095	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1096	DO j = nysg, nyng
1097	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
1098	ENDDO
1099	ENDDO
1100
1101	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
1102	!
1103	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
1104	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
1105	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
1106	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
1107	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1108	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
1109	!
1110	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
1111	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
1112	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1113
1114	DO i = nxl, nxr
1115	DO j = nys, nyn
1116	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
1117	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
1118	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
1119	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
1120	ENDDO
1121	!
1122	!-- Check if resolved vegetation is mapped onto buildings.
1123	!-- In general, this is allowed and also meaningful, e.g.
1124	!-- when trees carry across roofs. However, due to the
1125	!-- topography filtering, new building grid points can emerge
1126	!-- at location where also plant canopy is defined. As a
1127	!-- result, plant canopy is mapped on top of roofs, with
1128	!-- siginficant impact on the downstream flow field and the
1129	!-- nearby surface radiation. In order to avoid that
1130	!-- plant canopy is mistakenly mapped onto building roofs,
1131	!-- check for building grid points (bit 6) that emerge from
1132	!-- the filtering (bit 4) and set LAD to zero at these
1133	!-- artificially created building grid points. This case,
1134	!-- an informative message is given.
1135	IF ( ANY( lad_s(:,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) .AND. &
1136	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
1137	ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 4 ) ) ) THEN
1138	lad_s(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1139	WRITE( message_string, * ) &
1140	'Resolved plant-canopy is ' // &
1141	'defined on top of an artificially '// &
1142	'created building grid point ' // &
1143	'(emerged from the filtering) - ' // &
1144	'LAD profile is omitted at this ' // &
1145	'grid point: (i,j) = ', i, j
1146	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0313', 0, 0, myid, 6, 0 )
1147	ENDIF
1148	ENDDO
1149	ENDDO
1150	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1151	!
1152	! ASCII file
1153	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
1154	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
1155	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
1156	!-- each location).
1157	ELSE
1158	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1159	ENDIF
1160
1161	CASE DEFAULT
1162	!
1163	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
1164	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
1165	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
1166	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
1167	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
1168	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
1169
1170	END SELECT
1171	!
1172	!-- Check that at least one grid point has an LAD /= 0, else this may
1173	!-- cause errors in the radiation model.
1174	lad_max = MAXVAL( lad_s )
1175	#if defined( __parallel )
1176	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, lad_max, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_MAX, &
1177	comm2d, ierr)
1178	#endif
1179	IF ( lad_max <= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1180	message_string = 'Plant-canopy model is switched-on but no ' // &
1181	'plant canopy is present in the model domain.'
1182	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0685', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1183	ENDIF
1184
1185	!
1186	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
1187	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1188	pch_index_ji = 0
1189
1190	DO i = nxl, nxr
1191	DO j = nys, nyn
1192	DO k = 0, pch_index
1193	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
1194	ENDDO
1195	!
1196	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
1197	!-- height of the model domain.
1198	k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1199	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
1200	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
1201	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
1202	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0674', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1203	ENDIF
1204
1205	ENDDO
1206	ENDDO
1207
1208	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
1209	!
1210	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
1211	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
1212
1213
1214	!
1215	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
1216	#if defined( __parallel )
1217	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
1218	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
1219	#endif
1220
1221	!-- Allocation of arrays pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate and pc_latent_rate
1222	ALLOCATE( pc_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1223	pc_heating_rate = 0.0_wp
1224
1225	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1226	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1227	pc_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
1228	ALLOCATE( pc_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1229	pc_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
1230	ENDIF
1231	!
1232	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
1233	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
1234	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
1235	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
1236	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
1237	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
1238	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
1239	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
1240	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
1241	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
1242	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
1243	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
1244	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate)
1245	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
1246	!-- We cannot use variable radiation_interactions here to determine the situation
1247	!-- as it is assigned in init_3d_model after the call of pcm_init.
1248	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1249
1250	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1251	!
1252	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
1253	!-- integration of the leaf area density
1254	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1255	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1256	DO j = nysg, nyng
1257	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
1258	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
1259	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1260	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
1261	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1262	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1263	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1264	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1265	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1266	ELSE
1267	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
1268	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
1269	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
1270	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1271	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
1272	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
1273	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
1274	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
1275	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
1276	ENDIF
1277	ENDDO
1278	ENDDO
1279	ENDDO
1280
1281	!
1282	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
1283	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
1284	!-- Start with default surface type
1285	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
1286	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
1287	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
1288	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
1289	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1290	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1291	ENDDO
1292	!
1293	!-- Natural surfaces
1294	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
1295	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
1296	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
1297	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
1298	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1299	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1300	ENDDO
1301	!
1302	!-- Urban surfaces
1303	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
1304	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
1305	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
1306	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
1307	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
1308	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
1309	ENDDO
1310	!
1311	!
1312	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
1313	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
1314	!-- canopy.
1315	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
1316	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
1317	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
1318	!-- of the respective layer
1319	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1320	DO j = nysg, nyng
1321	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
1322	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1323	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
1324	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
1325	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
1326	ENDIF
1327	ENDDO
1328	ENDDO
1329	ENDDO
1330
1331	ENDIF
1332
1333	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
1334
1335
1336	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
1337
1338
1339	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1340	! Description:
1341	! ------------
1342	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
1343	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1344	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1345
1346	USE control_parameters, &
1347	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
1348
1349	IMPLICIT NONE
1350
1351	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
1352
1353	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
1354	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1355	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1356	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1357	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1358	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1359	lai_beta, &
1360	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1361	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
1362	plant_canopy_transpiration
1363
1364	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
1365	canopy_mode, cthf, &
1366	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
1367	lad_vertical_gradient, &
1368	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
1369	lai_beta, &
1370	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
1371	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
1372	plant_canopy_transpiration
1373
1374	line = ' '
1375
1376	!
1377	!-- Try to find plant-canopy model package
1378	REWIND ( 11 )
1379	line = ' '
1380	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
1381	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
1382	ENDDO
1383	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1384
1385	!
1386	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1387	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
1388
1389	!
1390	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
1391	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1392
1393	GOTO 14
1394
1395	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1396	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1397	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
1398	!
1399	!-- Try to find old namelist
1400	12 REWIND ( 11 )
1401	line = ' '
1402	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
1403	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
1404	ENDDO
1405	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
1406
1407	!
1408	!-- Read user-defined namelist
1409	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
1410
1411	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
1412	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
1413	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
1414	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
1415
1416	!
1417	!-- Set flag that indicates that the plant-canopy model is switched on
1418	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
1419
1420	GOTO 14
1421
1422	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
1423	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
1424	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
1425
1426	14 CONTINUE
1427
1428
1429	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
1430
1431
1432
1433	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1434	! Description:
1435	! ------------
1436	!
1437	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
1438	!>
1439	!> num_levels
1440	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1441	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1442	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
1443	!> ...
1444	!>
1445	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
1446	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
1447	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
1448	!>
1449	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
1450	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
1451	!>
1452	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
1453	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
1454	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1455	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1456
1457	USE control_parameters, &
1458	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
1459
1460	USE indices, &
1461	ONLY: nbgp
1462
1463	IMPLICIT NONE
1464
1465	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
1466	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
1467	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
1468	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
1469	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
1470	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
1471	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
1472
1473	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
1474
1475	!
1476	!-- Initialize lad_s array
1477	lad_s = 0.0_wp
1478
1479	!
1480	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
1481	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
1482	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
1483	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
1484	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
1485	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
1486	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
1487	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
1488
1489	DO
1490	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
1491	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
1492
1493	SELECT CASE (dtype)
1494	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
1495	!
1496	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
1497	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
1498	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
1499	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
1500	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
1501	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
1502	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
1503	'but pctype is ', pctype
1504	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1505	ENDIF
1506	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1507	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
1508	CASE DEFAULT
1509	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
1510	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
1511	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1512	END SELECT
1513	ENDDO
1514
1515	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1516	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1517
1518	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
1519	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1520
1521	517 CLOSE(152)
1522	DEALLOCATE( col )
1523
1524	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
1525
1526	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
1527
1528
1529
1530	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1531	! Description:
1532	! ------------
1533	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1534	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1535	!>
1536	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1537	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1538	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1539	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1540	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1541	!>
1542	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1543	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1544	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1545	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1546	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1547	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1548	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1549	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1550	!>
1551	!>
1552	!> Call for all grid points
1553	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1554	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
1555
1556
1557	USE control_parameters, &
1558	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1559
1560	USE kinds
1561
1562	IMPLICIT NONE
1563
1564	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1565	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1566	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1567	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1568	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1569	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1570
1571	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
1572	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
1573	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
1574	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
1575
1576	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1577	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1578	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1579	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1580	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1581	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1582
1583
1584	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
1585
1586	!
1587	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
1588	SELECT CASE ( component )
1589
1590	!
1591	!-- u-component
1592	CASE ( 1 )
1593	DO i = nxlu, nxr
1594	DO j = nys, nyn
1595	!
1596	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
1597	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
1598	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
1599	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
1600	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
1601	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
1602	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )&
1603	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
1604	!
1605	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
1606	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
1607	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1608
1609	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1610	!
1611	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1612	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1613	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1614	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1615	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1616	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
1617	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
1618	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
1619	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
1620	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
1621	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
1622	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1623	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp &
1624	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1625	!
1626	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
1627	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
1628	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
1629	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
1630	!-- point (j,i-1).
1631	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp &
1632	.AND. building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
1633
1634	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1635	pre_u = 0.0_wp
1636	!
1637	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1638	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1639	lad_local * &
1640	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
1641	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
1642	v(k,j,i) + &
1643	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1644	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
1645	)**2 + &
1646	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
1647	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1648	w(k,j,i-1) + &
1649	w(k,j,i) ) &
1650	)**2 &
1651	) * &
1652	u(k,j,i)
1653
1654	!
1655	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1656	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1657	!
1658	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1659	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1660	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
1661	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1662	ELSE
1663	pre_tend = pre_tend
1664	ENDIF
1665	!
1666	!-- Calculate final tendency
1667	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1668
1669	ENDDO
1670	ENDDO
1671	ENDDO
1672
1673	!
1674	!-- v-component
1675	CASE ( 2 )
1676	DO i = nxl, nxr
1677	DO j = nysv, nyn
1678	!
1679	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
1680	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
1681	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
1682	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
1683	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )&
1684	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
1685	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )&
1686	.AND. .NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
1687	!
1688	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
1689	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
1690
1691	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1692
1693	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1694	!
1695	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
1696	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
1697	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
1698	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
1699	!-- than inside of the canopy.
1700	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
1701	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
1702	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
1703	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
1704	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
1705	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
1706	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
1707	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp &
1708	.AND. .NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1709	!
1710	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
1711	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
1712	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
1713	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
1714	!-- point (j,i-1).
1715	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp &
1716	.AND. building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
1717
1718	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1719	pre_v = 0.0_wp
1720	!
1721	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1722	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1723	lad_local * &
1724	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
1725	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
1726	u(k,j,i) + &
1727	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1728	)**2 + &
1729	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
1730	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
1731	w(k-1,j,i) + &
1732	w(k,j-1,i) + &
1733	w(k,j,i) ) &
1734	)**2 &
1735	) * &
1736	v(k,j,i)
1737
1738	!
1739	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1740	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1741	!
1742	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1743	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1744	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
1745	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1746	ELSE
1747	pre_tend = pre_tend
1748	ENDIF
1749	!
1750	!-- Calculate final tendency
1751	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1752
1753	ENDDO
1754	ENDDO
1755	ENDDO
1756
1757	!
1758	!-- w-component
1759	CASE ( 3 )
1760	DO i = nxl, nxr
1761	DO j = nys, nyn
1762	!
1763	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
1764	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
1765
1766	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
1767
1768	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1769
1770	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
1771	pre_w = 0.0_wp
1772	!
1773	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
1774	pre_tend = - cdc * &
1775	(0.5_wp * &
1776	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
1777	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1778	u(k,j,i+1) + &
1779	u(k+1,j,i) + &
1780	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
1781	)**2 + &
1782	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1783	v(k,j+1,i) + &
1784	v(k+1,j,i) + &
1785	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
1786	)**2 + &
1787	w(k,j,i)**2 &
1788	) * &
1789	w(k,j,i)
1790	!
1791	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
1792	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
1793	!
1794	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
1795	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
1796	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
1797	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
1798	ELSE
1799	pre_tend = pre_tend
1800	ENDIF
1801	!
1802	!-- Calculate final tendency
1803	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
1804
1805	ENDDO
1806	ENDDO
1807	ENDDO
1808
1809	!
1810	!-- potential temperature
1811	CASE ( 4 )
1812	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1813	DO i = nxl, nxr
1814	DO j = nys, nyn
1815	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1816	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1817	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1818	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1819	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
1820	ENDDO
1821	ENDDO
1822	ENDDO
1823	ELSE
1824	DO i = nxl, nxr
1825	DO j = nys, nyn
1826	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1827	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1828	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1829	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1830	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
1831	ENDDO
1832	ENDDO
1833	ENDDO
1834	ENDIF
1835
1836	!
1837	!-- humidity
1838	CASE ( 5 )
1839	DO i = nxl, nxr
1840	DO j = nys, nyn
1841	!
1842	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1843	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1844
1845	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1846
1847	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1848
1849	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
1850	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
1851	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
1852	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
1853	! in the plant canopy box
1854	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
1855	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1856	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1857	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1858	)**2 + &
1859	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1860	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1861	)**2 + &
1862	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1863	w(k,j,i) ) &
1864	)**2 &
1865	) * &
1866	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
1867	ENDIF
1868
1869	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
1870	ENDDO
1871	ENDDO
1872	ENDDO
1873
1874	!
1875	!-- sgs-tke
1876	CASE ( 6 )
1877	DO i = nxl, nxr
1878	DO j = nys, nyn
1879	!
1880	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1881	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1882
1883	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1884
1885	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1886	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1887	2.0_wp * cdc * &
1888	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1889	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1890	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1891	)**2 + &
1892	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1893	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1894	)**2 + &
1895	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
1896	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
1897	)**2 &
1898	) * &
1899	e(k,j,i)
1900	ENDDO
1901	ENDDO
1902	ENDDO
1903	!
1904	!-- scalar concentration
1905	CASE ( 7 )
1906	DO i = nxl, nxr
1907	DO j = nys, nyn
1908	!
1909	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
1910	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
1911
1912	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
1913
1914	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
1915	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
1916	lsec * &
1917	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
1918	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
1919	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
1920	)**2 + &
1921	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
1922	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
1923	)**2 + &
1924	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
1925	w(k,j,i) ) &
1926	)**2 &
1927	) * &
1928	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
1929	ENDDO
1930	ENDDO
1931	ENDDO
1932
1933
1934
1935	CASE DEFAULT
1936
1937	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
1938	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1939
1940	END SELECT
1941
1942	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
1943
1944
1945	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1946	! Description:
1947	! ------------
1948	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
1949	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
1950	!>
1951	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
1952	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
1953	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
1954	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
1955	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
1956	!>
1957	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
1958	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
1959	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
1960	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
1961	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
1962	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
1963	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
1964	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
1965	!>
1966	!>
1967	!> Call for grid point i,j
1968	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1969	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
1970
1971
1972	USE control_parameters, &
1973	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
1974
1975	USE kinds
1976
1977	IMPLICIT NONE
1978
1979	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
1980	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1981	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1982	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1983	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
1984	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
1985
1986	LOGICAL :: building_edge_e !< control flag indicating an eastward-facing building edge
1987	LOGICAL :: building_edge_n !< control flag indicating a north-facing building edge
1988	LOGICAL :: building_edge_s !< control flag indicating a south-facing building edge
1989	LOGICAL :: building_edge_w !< control flag indicating a westward-facing building edge
1990
1991	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
1992	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
1993	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
1994	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
1995	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
1996	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
1997
1998
1999	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
2000	!
2001	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
2002	SELECT CASE ( component )
2003
2004	!
2005	!-- u-component
2006	CASE ( 1 )
2007	!
2008	!-- Set control flags indicating east- and westward-orientated
2009	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_w is set from the perspective
2010	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_e is
2011	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
2012	building_edge_w = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2013	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) )
2014	building_edge_e = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i-1), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2015	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
2016	!
2017	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
2018	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
2019	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2020
2021	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2022
2023	!
2024	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
2025	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
2026	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
2027	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
2028	!-- than inside of the canopy.
2029	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
2030	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
2031	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
2032	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
2033	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
2034	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
2035	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
2036	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
2037	.NOT. building_edge_w ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
2038	!
2039	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
2040	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
2041	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
2042	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
2043	!-- point (j,i-1).
2044	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
2045	building_edge_e ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
2046
2047	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2048	pre_u = 0.0_wp
2049	!
2050	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2051	pre_tend = - cdc * &
2052	lad_local * &
2053	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
2054	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
2055	v(k,j,i) + &
2056	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2057	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
2058	)**2 + &
2059	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
2060	w(k-1,j,i) + &
2061	w(k,j,i-1) + &
2062	w(k,j,i) ) &
2063	)**2 &
2064	) * &
2065	u(k,j,i)
2066
2067	!
2068	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2069	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2070	!
2071	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2072	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2073	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
2074	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2075	ELSE
2076	pre_tend = pre_tend
2077	ENDIF
2078	!
2079	!-- Calculate final tendency
2080	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2081	ENDDO
2082
2083
2084	!
2085	!-- v-component
2086	CASE ( 2 )
2087	!
2088	!-- Set control flags indicating north- and southward-orientated
2089	!-- building edges. Note, building_egde_s is set from the perspective
2090	!-- of the potential rooftop grid point, while building_edge_n is
2091	!-- is set from the perspective of the non-building grid point.
2092	building_edge_s = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2093	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) )
2094	building_edge_n = ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j-1,i), 6 ) ) .AND. &
2095	.NOT. ANY( BTEST( wall_flags_static_0(:,j,i), 6 ) )
2096	!
2097	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
2098	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
2099	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2100
2101	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2102	!
2103	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
2104	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
2105	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
2106	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
2107	!-- than inside of the canopy.
2108	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
2109	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i), which is considered
2110	!-- in the next if-statement. Note, at left-sided building edges
2111	!-- this is not applied, here the LAD is equals the LAD at grid
2112	!-- point (k,j,i), in order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly mapped
2113	!-- on top of a roof where (usually) is no LAD is defined.
2114	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
2115	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp .AND. &
2116	.NOT. building_edge_s ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2117	!
2118	!-- In order to avoid that LAD is mistakenly considered at right-
2119	!-- sided building edges (here the topography-top index for the
2120	!-- u-component at index j,i is still on the building while the
2121	!-- topography top for the scalar isn't), LAD is taken from grid
2122	!-- point (j,i-1).
2123	IF ( lad_local > 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) == 0.0_wp .AND. &
2124	building_edge_n ) lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
2125
2126	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2127	pre_v = 0.0_wp
2128	!
2129	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2130	pre_tend = - cdc * &
2131	lad_local * &
2132	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
2133	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
2134	u(k,j,i) + &
2135	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2136	)**2 + &
2137	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
2138	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
2139	w(k-1,j,i) + &
2140	w(k,j-1,i) + &
2141	w(k,j,i) ) &
2142	)**2 &
2143	) * &
2144	v(k,j,i)
2145
2146	!
2147	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2148	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2149	!
2150	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2151	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2152	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
2153	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2154	ELSE
2155	pre_tend = pre_tend
2156	ENDIF
2157	!
2158	!-- Calculate final tendency
2159	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2160	ENDDO
2161
2162
2163	!
2164	!-- w-component
2165	CASE ( 3 )
2166	!
2167	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
2168	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
2169
2170	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
2171
2172	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2173
2174	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
2175	pre_w = 0.0_wp
2176	!
2177	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
2178	pre_tend = - cdc * &
2179	(0.5_wp * &
2180	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
2181	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2182	u(k,j,i+1) + &
2183	u(k+1,j,i) + &
2184	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
2185	)**2 + &
2186	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2187	v(k,j+1,i) + &
2188	v(k+1,j,i) + &
2189	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
2190	)**2 + &
2191	w(k,j,i)**2 &
2192	) * &
2193	w(k,j,i)
2194	!
2195	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
2196	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
2197	!
2198	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
2199	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
2200	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
2201	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
2202	ELSE
2203	pre_tend = pre_tend
2204	ENDIF
2205	!
2206	!-- Calculate final tendency
2207	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
2208	ENDDO
2209
2210	!
2211	!-- potential temperature
2212	CASE ( 4 )
2213	!
2214	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2215	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2216
2217	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2218	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2219	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2220	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
2221	pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
2222	ENDDO
2223	ELSE
2224	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2225	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2226	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
2227	ENDDO
2228	ENDIF
2229
2230	!
2231	!-- humidity
2232	CASE ( 5 )
2233	!
2234	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2235	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2236
2237	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2238	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
2239	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
2240	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
2241	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
2242	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
2243	! in the plant canopy box
2244	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
2245	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2246	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2247	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2248	)**2 + &
2249	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2250	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2251	)**2 + &
2252	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2253	w(k,j,i) ) &
2254	)**2 &
2255	) * &
2256	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
2257	ENDIF
2258
2259	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
2260
2261	ENDDO
2262
2263	!
2264	!-- sgs-tke
2265	CASE ( 6 )
2266	!
2267	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2268	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2269
2270	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2271
2272	kk = k - k_wall
2273	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2274	2.0_wp * cdc * &
2275	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2276	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2277	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2278	)**2 + &
2279	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2280	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2281	)**2 + &
2282	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
2283	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
2284	)**2 &
2285	) * &
2286	e(k,j,i)
2287	ENDDO
2288
2289	!
2290	!-- scalar concentration
2291	CASE ( 7 )
2292	!
2293	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
2294	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
2295
2296	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
2297
2298	kk = k - k_wall
2299	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
2300	lsec * &
2301	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
2302	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
2303	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
2304	)**2 + &
2305	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
2306	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
2307	)**2 + &
2308	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
2309	w(k,j,i) ) &
2310	)**2 &
2311	) * &
2312	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
2313	ENDDO
2314
2315	CASE DEFAULT
2316
2317	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
2318	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
2319
2320	END SELECT
2321
2322	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
2323
2324
2325
2326	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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