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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 4180

Last change on this file since 4180 was 4180, checked in by scharf, 5 years ago
removed comments in 'Former revisions' section that are older than 01.01.2019
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 88.3 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[3655]	17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[3885]	18	! Copyright 2017-2019 Institute of Computer Science of the
	19	! Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague
[2000]	20	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	21	!
[257]	22	! Current revisions:
[2977]	23	! ------------------
[2214]	24	!
[3885]	25	!
[2214]	26	! Former revisions:
	27	! -----------------
	28	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 4180 2019-08-21 14:37:54Z scharf $
[4168]	29	! Replace function get_topography_top_index by topo_top_ind
	30	!
	31	! 4127 2019-07-30 14:47:10Z suehring
[4127]	32	! Output of 3D plant canopy variables changed. It is now relative to the local
	33	! terrain rather than located at the acutal vertical level in the model. This
	34	! way, the vertical dimension of the output can be significantly reduced.
	35	! (merge from branch resler)
	36	!
	37	! 3885 2019-04-11 11:29:34Z kanani
[3885]	38	! Changes related to global restructuring of location messages and introduction
	39	! of additional debug messages
	40	!
	41	! 3864 2019-04-05 09:01:56Z monakurppa
[3761]	42	! unsed variables removed
	43	!
	44	! 3745 2019-02-15 18:57:56Z suehring
[3745]	45	! Bugfix in transpiration, floating invalid when temperature
	46	! becomes > 40 degrees
	47	!
	48	! 3744 2019-02-15 18:38:58Z suehring
[3685]	49	! Some interface calls moved to module_interface + cleanup
	50	!
	51	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
[3614]	52	! unused variables removed
	53	!
[3498]	54	!
[138]	55	! Description:
	56	! ------------
[1682]	57	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	58	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	59	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	60	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[3744]	61	!
	62	! @todo - precalculate constant terms in pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
[138]	63	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	64	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	65
[1484]	66	USE arrays_3d, &
[3449]	67	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, exner, hyp, pt, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	68
[3449]	69	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
	70	ONLY: c_p, degc_to_k, l_v, lv_d_cp, r_d, rd_d_rv
	71
[3885]	72	USE control_parameters, &
	73	ONLY: debug_output, humidity
[3449]	74
[1484]	75	USE indices, &
	76	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[4168]	77	nz, nzb, nzt, topo_top_ind
[1484]	78
	79	USE kinds
	80
[3449]	81	USE pegrid
	82
[1484]	83
	84	IMPLICIT NONE
	85
	86
[3449]	87	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
	88	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy_transpiration = .FALSE. !< flag to switch calculation of transpiration and corresponding latent heat
	89	!< for resolved plant canopy inside radiation model
	90	!< (calls subroutine pcm_calc_transpiration_rate from module plant_canopy_mod)
[1484]	91
[3449]	92	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	93	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	94
[3449]	95	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
[2696]	96
[3449]	97	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	98
[2696]	99	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	100	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	101	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	102	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	103	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	104	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	105	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	106	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	107	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	108	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	109	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	110	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	111	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	112
[2696]	113	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	114	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	115
[2977]	116	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	117	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	118
[1682]	119	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	120	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	121
[4127]	122	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	123	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	124	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
	125	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
	126	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_latent_rate !< plant canopy latent heating rate
[1484]	127
[4127]	128	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_heatrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy sensible heating rate
	129	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_latentrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy latent heating rate
	130	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pcm_transpirationrate_av !< array for averaging plant canopy transpiration rate
	131
[1484]	132	SAVE
	133
	134
[138]	135	PRIVATE
[1826]	136
	137	!
	138	!-- Public functions
[3449]	139	PUBLIC pcm_calc_transpiration_rate, pcm_check_data_output, &
[4127]	140	pcm_check_parameters, pcm_3d_data_averaging, &
	141	pcm_data_output_3d, pcm_define_netcdf_grid, &
[3449]	142	pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	143
[1826]	144	!
	145	!-- Public variables and constants
[3467]	146	PUBLIC cdc, pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate, &
	147	canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, pch_index, &
	148	plant_canopy_transpiration
[1484]	149
[3449]	150	INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	151	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	152	END INTERFACE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	153
[2209]	154	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	155	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	156	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	157
[1826]	158	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	159	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	160	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	161
[4127]	162	INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	163	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	164	END INTERFACE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	165
[2209]	166	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	167	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	168	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	169
	170	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	171	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	172	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	173
	174	INTERFACE pcm_header
	175	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	176	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	177
	178	INTERFACE pcm_init
	179	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	180	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	181
[1826]	182	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	183	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	184	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	185
	186	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	187	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	188	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	189
	190	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	191	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	192	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	193	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	194
	195
[138]	196	CONTAINS
	197
[2209]	198
[3449]	199
[2209]	200	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	201	! Description:
	202	! ------------
[3449]	203	!> Calculation of the plant canopy transpiration rate based on the Jarvis-Stewart
	204	!> with parametrizations described in Daudet et al. (1999; Agricult. and Forest
	205	!> Meteorol. 97) and Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017; Agricult. and Forest Meteorol
	206	!> 237-238). Model functions f1-f4 were adapted from Stewart (1998; Agric.
	207	!> and Forest. Meteorol. 43) instead, because they are valid for broader intervals
	208	!> of values. Funcion f4 used in form present in van Wijk et al. (1998;
	209	!> Tree Physiology 20).
	210	!>
	211	!> This subroutine is called from subroutine radiation_interaction
	212	!> after the calculation of radiation in plant canopy boxes.
	213	!> (arrays pcbinsw and pcbinlw).
	214	!>
	215	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	216	SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate(i, j, k, kk, pcbsw, pcblw, pcbtr, pcblh)
	217
	218	USE control_parameters, &
	219	ONLY: dz
	220
	221	USE grid_variables, &
	222	ONLY: dx, dy
	223
	224	IMPLICIT NONE
	225	!-- input parameters
	226	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: i, j, k, kk !< indices of the pc gridbox
	227	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcbsw !< sw radiation in gridbox (W)
	228	REAL(wp), INTENT(IN) :: pcblw !< lw radiation in gridbox (W)
	229	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcbtr !< transpiration rate dq/dt (kg/kg/s)
	230	REAL(wp), INTENT(OUT) :: pcblh !< latent heat from transpiration dT/dt (K/s)
	231
	232	!-- variables and parameters for calculation of transpiration rate
	233	REAL(wp) :: sat_press, sat_press_d, temp, v_lad
	234	REAL(wp) :: d_fact, g_b, g_s, wind_speed, evapor_rate
	235	REAL(wp) :: f1, f2, f3, f4, vpd, rswc, e_eq, e_imp, rad
	236	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: gama_psychr = 66 !< psychrometric constant (Pa/K)
	237	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: g_s_max = 0.01 !< maximum stomatal conductivity (m/s)
	238	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_soil = 0.4_wp !< soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	239	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_wilt = 0.01_wp !< wilting point soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	240	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: m_sat = 0.51_wp !< saturation soil water content (needs to adjust or take from LSM)
	241	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_min = 0.0_wp !< minimal temperature for calculation of f2
	242	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: t2_max = 40.0_wp !< maximal temperature for calculation of f2
	243
	244
	245	!-- Temperature (deg C)
	246	temp = pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) - degc_to_k
	247	!-- Coefficient for conversion of radiation to grid to radiation to unit leaves surface
[3524]	248	v_lad = 1.0_wp / ( MAX( lad_s(kk,j,i), 1.0e-10_wp ) * dx * dy * dz(1) )
[3449]	249	!-- Magnus formula for the saturation pressure (see Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 1)
	250	!-- There are updated formulas available, kept consistent with the rest of the parametrization
	251	sat_press = 610.8_wp * exp(17.27_wp * temp/(temp + 237.3_wp))
	252	!-- Saturation pressure derivative (derivative of the above)
	253	sat_press_d = sat_press * 17.27_wp * 237.3_wp / (temp + 237.3_wp)**2
	254	!-- Wind speed
[3744]	255	wind_speed = SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
	256	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 + &
	257	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + w(k,j,i+1) ) )**2 )
[3449]	258	!-- Aerodynamic conductivity (Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 14
	259	g_b = 0.01_wp * wind_speed + 0.0071_wp
	260	!-- Radiation flux per leaf surface unit
	261	rad = pcbsw * v_lad
	262	!-- First function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (radiation dependency)
	263	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 17
	264	f1 = rad * (1000._wp+42.1_wp) / 1000._wp / (rad+42.1_wp)
	265	!-- Second function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (temperature dependency)
	266	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 21
[3744]	267	f2 = MAX(t2_min, (temp-t2_min) * MAX(0.0_wp,t2_max-temp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min)) / &
[3449]	268	((16.9_wp-t2_min) * (t2_max-16.9_wp)**((t2_max-16.9_wp)/(16.9_wp-t2_min))) )
	269	!-- Water pressure deficit
	270	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) eq. 6 but with water vapour partial pressure
	271	vpd = max( sat_press - q(k,j,i) * hyp(k) / rd_d_rv, 0._wp )
	272	!-- Third function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (water pressure deficit dependency)
	273	!-- Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) Table 1, limited from below according to Stewart (1988)
	274	!-- The coefficients of the linear dependence should better correspond to broad-leaved trees
	275	!-- than the coefficients from Stewart (1988) which correspond to conifer trees.
	276	vpd = MIN(MAX(vpd,770.0_wp),3820.0_wp)
	277	f3 = -2e-4_wp * vpd + 1.154_wp
	278	!-- Fourth function for calculation of stomatal conductivity (soil moisture dependency)
	279	!-- Residual soil water content
	280	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 7
	281	!-- TODO - over LSM surface might be calculated from LSM parameters
	282	rswc = ( m_sat - m_soil ) / ( m_sat - m_wilt )
	283	!-- van Wijk et al. (1998; Tree Physiology 20) eq. 5-6 (it is a reformulation of eq. 22-23 of Stewart(1988))
	284	f4 = MAX(0._wp, MIN(1.0_wp - 0.041_wp * EXP(3.2_wp * rswc), 1.0_wp - 0.041_wp))
	285	!-- Stomatal conductivity
	286	!-- Stewart (1988; Agric. and Forest. Meteorol. 43) eq. 12
	287	!-- (notation according to Ngao, Adam and Saudreau (2017) and others)
	288	g_s = g_s_max * f1 * f2 * f3 * f4 + 1.0e-10_wp
	289	!-- Decoupling factor
	290	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 6
	291	d_fact = (sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2._wp ) / &
	292	(sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2._wp + 2 * g_b / g_s )
	293	!-- Equilibrium evaporation rate
	294	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 4
	295	e_eq = (pcbsw + pcblw) * v_lad * sat_press_d / &
	296	gama_psychr /( sat_press_d / gama_psychr + 2.0_wp ) / l_v
	297	!-- Imposed evaporation rate
	298	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 5
	299	e_imp = r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) / hyp(k) * c_p * g_s * vpd / gama_psychr / l_v
	300	!-- Evaporation rate
	301	!-- Daudet et al. (1999) eq. 3
	302	!-- (evaporation rate is limited to non-negative values)
	303	evapor_rate = MAX(d_fact * e_eq + ( 1.0_wp - d_fact ) * e_imp, 0.0_wp)
	304	!-- Conversion of evaporation rate to q tendency in gridbox
	305	!-- dq/dt = E * LAD * V_g / (rho_air * V_g)
	306	pcbtr = evapor_rate * r_d * pt(k,j,i) * exner(k) * lad_s(kk,j,i) / hyp(k) !-- = dq/dt
	307	!-- latent heat from evaporation
	308	pcblh = pcbtr * lv_d_cp !-- = - dT/dt
	309
	310	END SUBROUTINE pcm_calc_transpiration_rate
	311
	312
	313	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	314	! Description:
	315	! ------------
[2209]	316	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	317	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	318	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	319
[2209]	320
	321	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	322	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	323
	324	IMPLICIT NONE
	325
	326	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	327	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	328
	329
	330	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	331
	332	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	333	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	334	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	335	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	336	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	337	ENDIF
[2209]	338	unit = 'K s-1'
	339
[3014]	340	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	341	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	342
[3449]	343	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	344	unit = 'K s-1'
	345
	346	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
	347	unit = 'K s-1'
	348
[2209]	349	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	350	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	351
	352
	353	CASE DEFAULT
	354	unit = 'illegal'
	355
	356	END SELECT
	357
	358
	359	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	360
	361
[1826]	362	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	363	! Description:
	364	! ------------
	365	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	366	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	367	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	368
[1826]	369	USE control_parameters, &
[3274]	370	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2696]	371
[3274]	372	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
	373	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_seifert
	374
[2696]	375	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	376	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	377
	378
	379	IMPLICIT NONE
	380
	381
	382	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	383	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	384	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	385	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	386	ENDIF
	387
[3045]	388	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	389	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	390	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	391	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	392	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	393	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	394	ENDIF
	395
	396	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	397	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	398	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	399	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	400	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	401	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	402	ENDIF
	403
	404	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	405	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	406	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	407	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	408	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	409	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	410	'density profile'
[2768]	411	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	412	ENDIF
	413
[3274]	414	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
[1826]	415	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	416	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	417	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	418	ENDIF
[2696]	419	!
	420	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	421	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	422	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	423	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	424	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	425	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	426	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
[2768]	427	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	428	ENDIF
[1826]	429
	430
	431	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	432
	433
[138]	434	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	435	!
[1484]	436	! Description:
	437	! ------------
[4127]	438	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
[2209]	439	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[4127]	440	SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
	441
	442
	443	USE control_parameters
	444
	445	USE indices
	446
	447	USE kinds
	448
	449	IMPLICIT NONE
	450
	451	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
	452	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	453
	454	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	455	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	456	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	457
	458
	459	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
	460
	461	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	462
	463	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	464	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	465	ALLOCATE( pcm_heatrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	466	ENDIF
	467	pcm_heatrate_av = 0.0_wp
	468
	469
	470	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	471	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	472	ALLOCATE( pcm_latentrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	473	ENDIF
	474	pcm_latentrate_av = 0.0_wp
	475
	476
	477	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	478	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	479	ALLOCATE( pcm_transpirationrate_av(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	480	ENDIF
	481	pcm_transpirationrate_av = 0.0_wp
	482
	483	CASE DEFAULT
	484	CONTINUE
	485
	486	END SELECT
	487
	488	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
	489
	490	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	491
	492	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	493	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	494	DO i = nxl, nxr
	495	DO j = nys, nyn
	496	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	497	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	498	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
	499	ENDDO
	500	ENDIF
	501	ENDDO
	502	ENDDO
	503	ENDIF
	504
	505
	506	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	507	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	508	DO i = nxl, nxr
	509	DO j = nys, nyn
	510	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	511	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	512	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	513	ENDDO
	514	ENDIF
	515	ENDDO
	516	ENDDO
	517	ENDIF
	518
	519
	520	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	521	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	522	DO i = nxl, nxr
	523	DO j = nys, nyn
	524	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	525	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	526	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
	527	ENDDO
	528	ENDIF
	529	ENDDO
	530	ENDDO
	531	ENDIF
	532
	533	CASE DEFAULT
	534	CONTINUE
	535
	536	END SELECT
	537
	538	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
	539
	540	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	541
	542	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	543	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_heatrate_av ) ) THEN
	544	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	545	DO j = nysg, nyng
	546	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	547	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	548	pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i) &
	549	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	550	ENDDO
	551	ENDIF
	552	ENDDO
	553	ENDDO
	554	ENDIF
	555
	556
	557	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
	558	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_latentrate_av ) ) THEN
	559	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	560	DO j = nysg, nyng
	561	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	562	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	563	pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i) &
	564	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	565	ENDDO
	566	ENDIF
	567	ENDDO
	568	ENDDO
	569	ENDIF
	570
	571
	572	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	573	IF ( ALLOCATED( pcm_transpirationrate_av ) ) THEN
	574	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	575	DO j = nysg, nyng
	576	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	577	DO k = 0, pch_index_ji(j,i)
	578	pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i) &
	579	/ REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
	580	ENDDO
	581	ENDIF
	582	ENDDO
	583	ENDDO
	584	ENDIF
	585
	586	END SELECT
	587
	588	ENDIF
	589
	590	END SUBROUTINE pcm_3d_data_averaging
	591
	592	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	593	!
	594	! Description:
	595	! ------------
	596	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables.
	597	!> Note, 3D plant-canopy output has it's own vertical output dimension, meaning
	598	!> that 3D output is relative to the model surface now rather than at the actual
	599	!> grid point where the plant canopy is located.
	600	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	601	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	602	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	603
[2209]	604	USE indices
	605
	606	USE kinds
	607
	608
	609	IMPLICIT NONE
	610
	611	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	612
[2696]	613	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	614	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	615	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	616	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[3014]	617	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	618	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	619
	620	LOGICAL :: found !<
	621
[2696]	622	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
[3014]	623	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !<
[2209]	624
	625
	626	found = .TRUE.
	627
[2696]	628	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	629
	630	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	631
[4127]	632	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	633	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	634	DO i = nxl, nxr
	635	DO j = nys, nyn
	636	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	637	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	638	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i)
	639	ENDDO
	640	ENDIF
	641	ENDDO
	642	ENDDO
	643	ELSE
	644	DO i = nxl, nxr
	645	DO j = nys, nyn
	646	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	647	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_heatrate_av(k,j,i)
	648	ENDDO
	649	ENDDO
	650	ENDDO
	651	ENDIF
[3449]	652
	653	CASE ( 'pcm_latentrate' )
[4127]	654	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	655	DO i = nxl, nxr
	656	DO j = nys, nyn
	657	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	658	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	659	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	660	ENDDO
	661	ENDIF
	662	ENDDO
	663	ENDDO
	664	ELSE
	665	DO i = nxl, nxr
	666	DO j = nys, nyn
	667	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	668	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_latentrate_av(k,j,i)
	669	ENDDO
	670	ENDDO
	671	ENDDO
	672	ENDIF
[3449]	673
[4127]	674	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	675	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	676	DO i = nxl, nxr
	677	DO j = nys, nyn
	678	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	679	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	680	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k,j,i)
	681	ENDDO
	682	ENDIF
	683	ENDDO
	684	ENDDO
	685	ELSE
	686	DO i = nxl, nxr
	687	DO j = nys, nyn
	688	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	689	local_pf(i,j,k) = pcm_transpirationrate_av(k,j,i)
	690	ENDDO
	691	ENDDO
	692	ENDDO
	693	ENDIF
	694
[3449]	695	CASE ( 'pcm_bowenratio' )
[4127]	696	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	697	DO i = nxl, nxr
	698	DO j = nys, nyn
	699	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	700	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	701	IF ( pc_latent_rate(k,j,i) /= 0._wp ) THEN
	702	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) / &
	703	pc_latent_rate(k,j,i)
	704	ENDIF
	705	ENDDO
	706	ENDIF
	707	ENDDO
	708	ENDDO
	709	ENDIF
[3449]	710
[4127]	711	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	712	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	713	DO i = nxl, nxr
	714	DO j = nys, nyn
	715	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	716	DO k = nzb_do, nzt_do
	717	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k,j,i)
	718	ENDDO
	719	ENDIF
	720	ENDDO
	721	ENDDO
	722	ENDIF
	723
[2209]	724	CASE DEFAULT
	725	found = .FALSE.
	726
	727	END SELECT
	728
	729
	730	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	731
	732	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	733	!
	734	! Description:
	735	! ------------
	736	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	737	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	738	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	739	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	740
	741	IMPLICIT NONE
	742
	743	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	744	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	745	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	746	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	747	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	748
	749	found = .TRUE.
	750
	751	!
	752	!-- Check for the grid
	753	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	754
[3449]	755	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate', 'pcm_latentrate', 'pcm_bowenratio')
[2209]	756	grid_x = 'x'
	757	grid_y = 'y'
[4127]	758	grid_z = 'zpc'
[2209]	759
	760	CASE DEFAULT
	761	found = .FALSE.
	762	grid_x = 'none'
	763	grid_y = 'none'
	764	grid_z = 'none'
	765	END SELECT
	766
	767	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	768
	769
	770	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	771	! Description:
	772	! ------------
[1826]	773	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	774	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	775	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	776
	777	USE control_parameters, &
[3065]	778	ONLY: passive_scalar
[1826]	779
	780
	781	IMPLICIT NONE
	782
	783	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	784
	785	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	786	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	787	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	788	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	789
	790	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	791	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	792	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	793
	794	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	795
[3065]	796	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	797
	798	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	799	canopy_drag_coeff
	800	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	801	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	802	leaf_surface_conc
	803	ENDIF
	804
	805	!
	806	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	807	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	808
	809	!
	810	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	811	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	812	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	813
	814	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	815	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	816	gradients = '------'
	817	slices = ' 0'
	818	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	819	i = 1
	820	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	821	/= -9999 )
	822
	823	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	824	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	825	TRIM( coor_chr )
	826
	827	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	828	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	829
	830	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	831	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	832
	833	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	834	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	835
	836	i = i + 1
	837	ENDDO
	838
	839	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	840	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	841
	842	ELSE
	843
	844	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	845	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	846
	847	DO k = 1, pch_index
	848
	849	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	850	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	851	TRIM( coor_chr )
	852
	853	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	854	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	855
	856	ENDDO
	857
	858	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	859	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	860
	861	ENDIF
	862
	863	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	864	' ------------------------------'// &
	865	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	866	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	867	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	868	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	869	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	870	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	871	' K m/s')
	872	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	873	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	874	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	875	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	876	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	877	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	878	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	879	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	880	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	881	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	882	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	883
	884	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	885
	886
	887	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	888	! Description:
	889	! ------------
[1682]	890	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	891	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	892	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	893
	894
	895	USE control_parameters, &
[3614]	896	ONLY: message_string, ocean_mode
[1484]	897
[2696]	898	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	899	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	900
[2232]	901	USE surface_mod, &
	902	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	903
	904	IMPLICIT NONE
	905
[2007]	906	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	907	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	908	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	909	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	910
[2007]	911	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	912	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	913	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[3241]	914
[3885]	915	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'start' )
[1484]	916	!
	917	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	918	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	919	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	920	lad = 0.0_wp
	921	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	922
	923	!
[1826]	924	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	925	!-- a beta probability density function
	926	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	927	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	928	ENDIF
	929
	930
	931	!
[1484]	932	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	933	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	934	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	935	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	936	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	937	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	938
	939	!
	940	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	941	i = 1
	942	gradient = 0.0_wp
	943
[3294]	944	IF ( .NOT. ocean_mode ) THEN
[1484]	945
	946	lad(0) = lad_surface
	947	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	948
	949	DO k = 1, pch_index
	950	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	951	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	952	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	953	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	954	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	955	i = i + 1
	956	ENDIF
	957	ENDIF
	958	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	959	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	960	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	961	ELSE
	962	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	963	ENDIF
	964	ELSE
	965	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	966	ENDIF
	967	ENDDO
	968
	969	ENDIF
	970
	971	!
	972	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	973	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	974	!-- file.
	975	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	976	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	977	ENDIF
	978
	979	ELSE
	980
	981	!
	982	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	983	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	984	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	985
[2232]	986	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	987	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	988	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	989	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	990	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	991	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	992	ENDDO
	993
	994	!
	995	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	996	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	997	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	998	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	999	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	1000	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	1001	) / canopy_height
[1484]	1002	ENDDO
	1003
	1004	!
	1005	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	1006	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	1007	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	1008	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	1009	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	1010	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	1011	ENDDO
	1012
	1013	ENDIF
	1014
	1015	!
[2213]	1016	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	1017	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1018
	1019	!
	1020	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1021	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1022	!-- with the prescribed values
	1023	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	1024	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	1025	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	1026
	1027	!
	1028	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	1029	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	1030	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	1031	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	1032
	1033	CASE( 'block' )
	1034
	1035	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1036	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1037	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	1038	ENDDO
	1039	ENDDO
	1040
[2007]	1041	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	1042	!
[2696]	1043	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	1044	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	1045	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	1046	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	1047	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1048	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	1049	!
	1050	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	1051	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	1052	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	1053
	1054	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1055	DO j = nys, nyn
	1056	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
[3864]	1057	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	1058	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
[2696]	1059	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	1060	ENDDO
	1061	ENDDO
	1062	ENDDO
	1063	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	1064	!
	1065	! ASCII file
[2007]	1066	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	1067	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	1068	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	1069	!-- each location).
[2696]	1070	ELSE
	1071	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1072	ENDIF
[2007]	1073
[1484]	1074	CASE DEFAULT
	1075	!
[2007]	1076	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	1077	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	1078	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	1079	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	1080	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	1081	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	1082
	1083	END SELECT
[2696]	1084	!
	1085	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	1086	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1087	pch_index_ji = 0
[1484]	1088
[2696]	1089	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1090	DO j = nys, nyn
	1091	DO k = 0, pch_index
	1092	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	1093	ENDDO
[1484]	1094	!
[2696]	1095	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	1096	!-- height of the model domain.
[4168]	1097	k = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2696]	1098	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	1099	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	1100	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
	1101	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1102	ENDIF
	1103
	1104	ENDDO
	1105	ENDDO
	1106
	1107	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
[3497]	1108	!
[3449]	1109	!-- Calculate global pch_index value (index of top of plant canopy from ground)
[3497]	1110	pch_index = MAXVAL( pch_index_ji )
	1111	!
[3449]	1112	!-- Exchange pch_index from all processors
	1113	#if defined( __parallel )
[3497]	1114	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( MPI_IN_PLACE, pch_index, 1, MPI_INTEGER, &
	1115	MPI_MAX, comm2d, ierr)
[3449]	1116	#endif
	1117
	1118	!-- Allocation of arrays pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate and pc_latent_rate
	1119	ALLOCATE( pc_heating_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1120	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1121	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1122	pc_transpiration_rate = 0.0_wp
	1123	ALLOCATE( pc_latent_rate(0:pch_index,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	1124	pc_latent_rate = 0.0_wp
	1125	ENDIF
	1126
[2696]	1127	!
[2011]	1128	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	1129	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	1130	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	1131	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	1132	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	1133	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	1134	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	1135	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	1136	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	1137	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	1138	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
[3449]	1139	!-- When using the radiation_interactions, canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	1140	!-- and plant canopy transpiration (pc_transpiration_rate, pc_latent_rate)
	1141	!-- are calculated in the RTM after the calculation of radiation.
	1142	!-- We cannot use variable radiation_interactions here to determine the situation
	1143	!-- as it is assigned in init_3d_model after the call of pcm_init.
	1144	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2213]	1145
[3449]	1146	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	1147	!
[2011]	1148	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	1149	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	1150	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	1151	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1152	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1153	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	1154	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	1155	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1156	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	1157	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1158	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1159	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1160	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1161	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1162	ELSE
	1163	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	1164	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	1165	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	1166	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1167	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	1168	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	1169	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	1170	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	1171	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	1172	ENDIF
	1173	ENDDO
	1174	ENDDO
	1175	ENDDO
	1176
[2232]	1177	!
	1178	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	1179	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	1180	!-- Start with default surface type
	1181	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	1182	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	1183	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1184	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1185	ENDDO
[1484]	1186	!
[2232]	1187	!-- Natural surfaces
	1188	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	1189	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	1190	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1191	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1192	ENDDO
	1193	!
	1194	!-- Urban surfaces
	1195	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	1196	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	1197	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	1198	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	1199	ENDDO
	1200	!
	1201	!
[2011]	1202	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	1203	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	1204	!-- canopy.
	1205	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	1206	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	1207	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	1208	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	1209	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1210	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	1211	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1212	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3022]	1213	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	1214	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	1215	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	1216	ENDIF
	1217	ENDDO
[1721]	1218	ENDDO
	1219	ENDDO
[1484]	1220
	1221	ENDIF
	1222
[3885]	1223	IF ( debug_output ) CALL debug_message( 'pcm_init', 'end' )
[1484]	1224
[3685]	1225
[1826]	1226	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	1227
	1228
[2007]	1229	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1230	! Description:
	1231	! ------------
[2932]	1232	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1233	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1234	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1235
[2746]	1236	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	1237	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	1238
	1239	IMPLICIT NONE
	1240
	1241	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1242
[2932]	1243	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1244	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1245	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1246	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1247	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1248	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1249	lai_beta, &
	1250	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1251	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1252	plant_canopy_transpiration
[2932]	1253
[2007]	1254	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1255	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1256	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1257	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1258	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1259	lai_beta, &
	1260	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
[3449]	1261	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index, &
	1262	plant_canopy_transpiration
[3246]	1263
[2007]	1264	line = ' '
[3246]	1265
[2007]	1266	!
	1267	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	1268	REWIND ( 11 )
	1269	line = ' '
[3248]	1270	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1271	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1272	ENDDO
	1273	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1274
	1275	!
	1276	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1277	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1278
	1279	!
	1280	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1281	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1282
	1283	GOTO 14
	1284
	1285	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1286	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1287	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1288	!
	1289	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1290	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1291	line = ' '
[3248]	1292	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1293	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1294	ENDDO
	1295	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1296
	1297	!
	1298	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1299	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1300
[2932]	1301	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1302	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1303	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1304	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1305
[2007]	1306	!
	1307	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1308	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1309
[3246]	1310	GOTO 14
[2007]	1311
[3246]	1312	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1313	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1314	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1315
	1316	14 CONTINUE
	1317
	1318
[2007]	1319	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1320
	1321
	1322
[1484]	1323	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1324	! Description:
	1325	! ------------
[2007]	1326	!
	1327	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1328	!>
	1329	!> num_levels
[2977]	1330	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1331	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1332	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1333	!> ...
	1334	!>
	1335	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1336	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1337	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1338	!>
	1339	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1340	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1341	!>
	1342	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1343	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1344	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1345	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1346
	1347	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	1348	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2007]	1349
[2213]	1350	USE indices, &
	1351	ONLY: nbgp
	1352
	1353	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1354
[2213]	1355	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1356	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1357	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1358	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
[3337]	1359	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1360	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1361	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !<
[2213]	1362
	1363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1364
[2213]	1365	!
	1366	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1367	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1368
	1369	!
	1370	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1371	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1372	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1373	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1374	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[3337]	1375	nzpltop = MIN(nzt+1, nzb+nzp-1)
	1376	nzpl = nzpltop - nzb + 1 !< no. of layers to assign
[2977]	1377	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1378
[2213]	1379	DO
[2977]	1380	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1381	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1382
	1383	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1384	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1385	!
[2977]	1386	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1387	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1388	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1389	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1390	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1391	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1392	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1393	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1394	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1395	ENDIF
[4168]	1396	kk = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3337]	1397	lad_s(nzb:nzpltop-kk, j, i) = col(kk:nzpl-1)*lad_type_coef(pctype)
[2977]	1398	CASE DEFAULT
	1399	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1400	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1401	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1402	END SELECT
[2213]	1403	ENDDO
[2007]	1404
[2213]	1405	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1406	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1407
[2213]	1408	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1409	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1410
	1411	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1412	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1413
	1414	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1415
	1416	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1417
	1418
	1419
	1420	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1421	! Description:
	1422	! ------------
[1682]	1423	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1424	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1425	!>
	1426	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1427	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1428	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1429	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1430	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1431	!>
	1432	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1433	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1434	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1435	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1436	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1437	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1438	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1439	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1440	!>
	1441	!>
	1442	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1443	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1444	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1445
	1446
[1320]	1447	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1448	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1449
	1450	USE kinds
	1451
[138]	1452	IMPLICIT NONE
	1453
[1682]	1454	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1455	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1456	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1457	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1458	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1459	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1460
[1682]	1461	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1462	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1463	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1464	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1465	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1466	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1467
	1468
	1469	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1470
	1471	!
[1484]	1472	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1473	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1474
	1475	!
	1476	!-- u-component
	1477	CASE ( 1 )
	1478	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1479	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1480	!
	1481	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1482	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1483	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1484
[2232]	1485	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1486	!
	1487	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1488	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1489	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1490	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1491	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1492	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1493	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1494	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1495	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1496	THEN
	1497	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1498	ENDIF
	1499
	1500	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1501	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1502	!
	1503	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1504	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1505	lad_local * &
	1506	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1507	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1508	v(k,j,i) + &
	1509	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1510	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1511	)**2 + &
	1512	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1513	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1514	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1515	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1516	)**2 &
	1517	) * &
	1518	u(k,j,i)
	1519
	1520	!
	1521	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1522	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1523	!
	1524	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1525	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1526	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1527	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1528	ELSE
	1529	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1530	ENDIF
	1531	!
	1532	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1533	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1534
[138]	1535	ENDDO
	1536	ENDDO
	1537	ENDDO
	1538
	1539	!
	1540	!-- v-component
	1541	CASE ( 2 )
	1542	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1543	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1544	!
	1545	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1546	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1547
[2696]	1548	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1549
[2232]	1550	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1551	!
	1552	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1553	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1554	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1555	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1556	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1557	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1558	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1559	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1560	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1561	THEN
	1562	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1563	ENDIF
	1564
	1565	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1566	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1567	!
	1568	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1569	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1570	lad_local * &
	1571	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1572	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1573	u(k,j,i) + &
	1574	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1575	)**2 + &
	1576	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1577	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1578	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1579	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1580	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1581	)**2 &
	1582	) * &
	1583	v(k,j,i)
	1584
	1585	!
	1586	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1587	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1588	!
	1589	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1590	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1591	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1592	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1593	ELSE
	1594	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1595	ENDIF
	1596	!
	1597	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1598	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1599
[138]	1600	ENDDO
	1601	ENDDO
	1602	ENDDO
	1603
	1604	!
	1605	!-- w-component
	1606	CASE ( 3 )
	1607	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1608	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1609	!
	1610	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	1611	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	1612
[2696]	1613	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1614
[2232]	1615	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1616
[1484]	1617	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1618	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1619	!
	1620	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1621	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1622	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1623	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1624	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1625	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1626	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1627	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1628	)**2 + &
	1629	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1630	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1631	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1632	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1633	)**2 + &
	1634	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1635	) * &
	1636	w(k,j,i)
	1637	!
	1638	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1639	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1640	!
	1641	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1642	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1643	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1644	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1645	ELSE
	1646	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1647	ENDIF
	1648	!
	1649	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1650	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1651
[138]	1652	ENDDO
	1653	ENDDO
	1654	ENDDO
	1655
	1656	!
[153]	1657	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1658	CASE ( 4 )
[3449]	1659	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1660	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1661	DO j = nys, nyn
	1662	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1663	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1664	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1665	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1666	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
	1667	ENDDO
[153]	1668	ENDDO
	1669	ENDDO
[3449]	1670	ELSE
	1671	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1672	DO j = nys, nyn
	1673	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1674	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[3449]	1675	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	1676	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1677	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	1678	ENDDO
	1679	ENDDO
	1680	ENDDO
	1681	ENDIF
[153]	1682
	1683	!
[1960]	1684	!-- humidity
[153]	1685	CASE ( 5 )
	1686	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1687	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1688	!
	1689	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1690	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1691
[2696]	1692	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1693
	1694	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1695
[3449]	1696	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	1697	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	1698	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	1699	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	1700	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	1701	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1702	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1703	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1704	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1705	)**2 + &
	1706	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1707	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1708	)**2 + &
	1709	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1710	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1711	)**2 &
	1712	) * &
[3449]	1713	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1714	ENDIF
	1715
[3014]	1716	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1717	ENDDO
	1718	ENDDO
	1719	ENDDO
	1720
	1721	!
	1722	!-- sgs-tke
	1723	CASE ( 6 )
	1724	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1725	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1726	!
	1727	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1728	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1729
[2696]	1730	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1731
	1732	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1733	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1734	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1735	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1736	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1737	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1738	)**2 + &
	1739	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1740	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1741	)**2 + &
	1742	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1743	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1744	)**2 &
	1745	) * &
	1746	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1747	ENDDO
	1748	ENDDO
	1749	ENDDO
[1960]	1750	!
	1751	!-- scalar concentration
	1752	CASE ( 7 )
	1753	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1754	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1755	!
	1756	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[4168]	1757	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	1758
[2696]	1759	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1760
	1761	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1762	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1763	lsec * &
	1764	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1765	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1766	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1767	)**2 + &
	1768	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1769	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1770	)**2 + &
	1771	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1772	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1773	)**2 &
	1774	) * &
	1775	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1776	ENDDO
	1777	ENDDO
	1778	ENDDO
[1484]	1779
	1780
[1960]	1781
[138]	1782	CASE DEFAULT
	1783
[257]	1784	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1785	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1786
	1787	END SELECT
	1788
[1826]	1789	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1790
	1791
	1792	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1793	! Description:
	1794	! ------------
[1682]	1795	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1796	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1797	!>
	1798	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1799	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1800	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1801	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1802	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1803	!>
	1804	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1805	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1806	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1807	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1808	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1809	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1810	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1811	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1812	!>
	1813	!>
	1814	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1815	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1816	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1817
	1818
[1320]	1819	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1820	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1821
	1822	USE kinds
	1823
[138]	1824	IMPLICIT NONE
	1825
[1682]	1826	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1827	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1828	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1829	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1830	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1831	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1832
[1682]	1833	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1834	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1835	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1836	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1837	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1838	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1839
	1840
	1841	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1842	!
[1484]	1843	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1844	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1845
	1846	!
[142]	1847	!-- u-component
[1484]	1848	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1849	!
	1850	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[4168]	1851	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,1)
[2696]	1852	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1853
[2696]	1854	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1855
	1856	!
[1484]	1857	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1858	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1859	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1860	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1861	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1862	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1863	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1864	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1865	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1866	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1867	ENDIF
	1868
	1869	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1870	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1871	!
	1872	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1873	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1874	lad_local * &
	1875	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1876	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1877	v(k,j,i) + &
	1878	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1879	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1880	)**2 + &
	1881	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1882	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1883	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1884	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1885	)**2 &
	1886	) * &
	1887	u(k,j,i)
	1888
	1889	!
	1890	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1891	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1892	!
	1893	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1894	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1895	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1896	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1897	ELSE
	1898	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1899	ENDIF
	1900	!
	1901	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1902	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1903	ENDDO
	1904
	1905
	1906	!
[142]	1907	!-- v-component
[1484]	1908	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1909	!
	1910	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[4168]	1911	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,2)
[2317]	1912
[2696]	1913	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1914
[2232]	1915	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1916	!
[1484]	1917	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1918	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1919	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1920	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1921	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1922	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1923	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1924	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1925	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1926	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1927	ENDIF
	1928
	1929	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1930	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1931	!
	1932	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1933	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1934	lad_local * &
	1935	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1936	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1937	u(k,j,i) + &
	1938	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1939	)**2 + &
	1940	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1941	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1942	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1943	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1944	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1945	)**2 &
	1946	) * &
	1947	v(k,j,i)
	1948
	1949	!
	1950	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1951	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1952	!
	1953	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1954	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1955	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1956	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1957	ELSE
	1958	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1959	ENDIF
	1960	!
	1961	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1962	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1963	ENDDO
	1964
	1965
	1966	!
[142]	1967	!-- w-component
[1484]	1968	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	1969	!
	1970	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[4168]	1971	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,3)
[2317]	1972
[2696]	1973	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	1974
[2232]	1975	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1976
[1484]	1977	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1978	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1979	!
[1484]	1980	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1981	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1982	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1983	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1984	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1985	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1986	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1987	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1988	)**2 + &
	1989	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1990	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1991	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1992	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1993	)**2 + &
	1994	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1995	) * &
	1996	w(k,j,i)
	1997	!
	1998	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1999	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	2000	!
	2001	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	2002	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	2003	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	2004	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	2005	ELSE
	2006	pre_tend = pre_tend
	2007	ENDIF
	2008	!
	2009	!-- Calculate final tendency
	2010	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	2011	ENDDO
	2012
	2013	!
[153]	2014	!-- potential temperature
	2015	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	2016	!
	2017	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2018	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2019
[3449]	2020	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	2021	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2022	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3582]	2023	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i) - &
	2024	pc_latent_rate(kk,j,i)
[3449]	2025	ENDDO
	2026	ELSE
	2027	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	2028	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
	2029	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
	2030	ENDDO
	2031	ENDIF
[153]	2032
	2033	!
[1960]	2034	!-- humidity
[153]	2035	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	2036	!
	2037	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2038	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2039
[2696]	2040	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	2041	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3449]	2042	IF ( .NOT. plant_canopy_transpiration ) THEN
	2043	! pc_transpiration_rate is calculated in radiation model
	2044	! in case of plant_canopy_transpiration = .T.
	2045	! to include also the dependecy to the radiation
	2046	! in the plant canopy box
[3582]	2047	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	2048	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2049	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2050	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2051	)**2 + &
	2052	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2053	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2054	)**2 + &
	2055	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2056	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2057	)**2 &
	2058	) * &
[3449]	2059	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2060	ENDIF
[2232]	2061
[3014]	2062	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	2063
[153]	2064	ENDDO
	2065
	2066	!
[142]	2067	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	2068	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	2069	!
	2070	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2071	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2072
[2696]	2073	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2074
	2075	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	2076	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2077	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	2078	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	2079	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2080	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2081	)**2 + &
	2082	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2083	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2084	)**2 + &
	2085	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	2086	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	2087	)**2 &
	2088	) * &
	2089	e(k,j,i)
	2090	ENDDO
[1960]	2091
	2092	!
	2093	!-- scalar concentration
	2094	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	2095	!
	2096	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[4168]	2097	k_wall = topo_top_ind(j,i,0)
[2317]	2098
[2696]	2099	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	2100
	2101	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	2102	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	2103	lsec * &
	2104	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	2105	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	2106	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	2107	)**2 + &
	2108	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	2109	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	2110	)**2 + &
	2111	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	2112	w(k,j,i) ) &
	2113	)**2 &
	2114	) * &
	2115	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	2116	ENDDO
[138]	2117
[142]	2118	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	2119
[257]	2120	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	2121	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	2122
[142]	2123	END SELECT
[138]	2124
[1826]	2125	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	2126
[2007]	2127
	2128
[138]	2129	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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