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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 3248

Last change on this file since 3248 was 3248, checked in by sward, 6 years ago
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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[257]	20	! Current revisions:
[2977]	21	! ------------------
[2214]	22	!
[3049]	23	!
[2214]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 3248 2018-09-14 09:42:06Z sward $
[3248]	27	! Minor formating changes
	28	!
	29	! 3246 2018-09-13 15:14:50Z sward
[3246]	30	! Added error handling for input namelist via parin_fail_message
	31	!
	32	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
[3241]	33	! unused variables removed
	34	!
	35	! 3065 2018-06-12 07:03:02Z Giersch
[3065]	36	! dz was replaced by the help of zw to allow for vertical stretching
	37	!
	38	! 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch
[3049]	39	! Error messages revised
	40	!
	41	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	42	! Error message revised
	43	!
	44	! 3022 2018-05-18 11:12:35Z suehring
[3022]	45	! Bugfix in allocation of transpiration rate
	46	!
	47	! 3014 2018-05-09 08:42:38Z maronga
[3014]	48	! Bugfix: nzb_do and nzt_do were not used for 3d data output
	49	! Added pc_transpiration_rate
	50	!
	51	! 2977 2018-04-17 10:27:57Z kanani
[2977]	52	! Implement changes from branch radiation (r2948-2971) with minor modifications,
	53	! plus some formatting.
	54	! (moh.hefny):
	55	! Add plant canopy type to account for changes in LAD (based on the changes
	56	! done by Resler & Pavel) and correct the error message to PALM Standard.
	57	!
	58	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z maronga
[2932]	59	! renamed canopy_par to plant_canopy_parameters
	60	!
	61	! 2920 2018-03-22 11:22:01Z kanani
[2920]	62	! Move usm_lad_rma and prototype_lad to radiation_model (moh.hefny)
	63	!
	64	! 2892 2018-03-14 15:06:29Z suehring
[2892]	65	! Bugfix, read separate ASCII LAD files for parent and child model.
	66	!
	67	! 2770 2018-01-25 15:10:09Z kanani
[2770]	68	! Correction of parameter check
	69	!
	70	! 2768 2018-01-24 15:38:29Z kanani
[2768]	71	! Added check for output quantity pcm_heatrate, some formatting
	72	!
	73	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	74	! Increased LEN of canopy mode to 30
	75	!
	76	! 2746 2018-01-15 12:06:04Z suehring
[2746]	77	! Move flag plant canopy to modules
	78	!
	79	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	80	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	81	!
	82	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	83	! Changes from last commit documented
	84	!
	85	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2701]	86	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
	87	!
[2716]	88	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	89	! Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	90	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
	91	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
	92	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
	93	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
	94	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
	95	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
	96	!
	97	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	98	! coupling_char removed
	99	!
	100	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
[2512]	101	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
	102	! no output of ghost layer data
	103	!
	104	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	105	! Get topography top index via Function call
	106	!
	107	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2274]	108	! Changed error messages
	109	!
	110	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[2214]	111	!
[2233]	112	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	113	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	114	!
[2214]	115	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
[2213]	116	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
	117	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
	118	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
	119	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
[2008]	120	!
[2210]	121	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
	122	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
	123	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
	124	!
[2025]	125	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
	126	! Added missing lad_s initialization
	127	!
[2012]	128	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	129	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
	130	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
	131	! and similar future applications.
	132	!
[2008]	133	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
[2007]	134	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
	135	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
	136	! introduction of urban surface model,
	137	! introduced variable ext_coef,
	138	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
[1827]	139	!
[2001]	140	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	141	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	142	!
[1961]	143	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	144	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	145	!
[1954]	146	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	147	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	148	!
[1827]	149	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	150	! Further modularization
	151	!
[1722]	152	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	153	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	154	! canopy is set on top of topography
	155	!
[1683]	156	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	157	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	158	!
[1485]	159	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	160	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	161	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	162	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	163	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	164	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	165	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	166	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	167	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	168	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	169	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	170	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	171	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	172	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	173	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	174	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	175	! respectively,
	176	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	177	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	178	!
	179	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	180	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	181	!
[1321]	182	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	183	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	184	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	185	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	186	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	187	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	188	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	189	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	190	!
[1037]	191	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	192	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	193	!
[139]	194	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	195	! Initial revision
	196	!
[138]	197	! Description:
	198	! ------------
[1682]	199	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	200	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	201	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	202	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	203	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	204	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	205
[1484]	206	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	207	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	208
[1484]	209	USE indices, &
	210	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[2317]	211	nz, nzb, nzt
[1484]	212
	213	USE kinds
	214
[2317]	215	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	216	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
[1484]	217
[2317]	218
[1484]	219	IMPLICIT NONE
	220
	221
[2766]	222	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	223
[2696]	224	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	225	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	226
[2696]	227	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
	228
[1682]	229	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	230
[2696]	231	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	232	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	233	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	234	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	235	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	236	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	237	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	238	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	239	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	240	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	241	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	242	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	243	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	244
[2696]	245	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	246	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	247
[2977]	248	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	249	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	250
[1682]	251	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	252	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	253
[2768]	254	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	255	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
[3014]	257	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
[1484]	258
	259	SAVE
	260
	261
[138]	262	PRIVATE
[1826]	263
	264	!
	265	!-- Public functions
[2209]	266	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
	267	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	268
[1826]	269	!
	270	!-- Public variables and constants
[3014]	271	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[2920]	272	pch_index
[2007]	273
[1484]	274
[2209]	275	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	276	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	277	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	278
[1826]	279	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	280	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	281	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	282
	283	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	284	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	285	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	286
	287	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	288	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	289	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	290
	291	INTERFACE pcm_header
	292	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	293	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	294
	295	INTERFACE pcm_init
	296	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	297	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	298
[1826]	299	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	300	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	301	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	302
	303	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	304	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	305	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	306
	307	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	308	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	309	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	310	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	311
	312
[138]	313	CONTAINS
	314
[2209]	315
	316	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	317	! Description:
	318	! ------------
	319	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	320	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	321	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	322
[2209]	323
	324	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	325	ONLY: message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	326
	327	IMPLICIT NONE
	328
	329	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	330	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	331
	332
	333	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	334
	335	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	336	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	337	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	338	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	339	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	340	ENDIF
[2209]	341	unit = 'K s-1'
	342
[3014]	343	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	344	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	345
[2209]	346	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	347	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	348
	349
	350	CASE DEFAULT
	351	unit = 'illegal'
	352
	353	END SELECT
	354
	355
	356	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	357
	358
[1826]	359	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	360	! Description:
	361	! ------------
	362	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	363	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	364	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	365
[1826]	366	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	367	ONLY: cloud_physics, coupling_char, message_string, &
	368	microphysics_seifert
	369
	370	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	371	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	372
	373
	374	IMPLICIT NONE
	375
	376
	377	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	378	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
[3046]	379	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	380	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	381	ENDIF
	382
[3045]	383	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
[1826]	384	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	385	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	386	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	387	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	388	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	389	ENDIF
	390
	391	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	392	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	393	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	394	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	395	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	396	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	397	ENDIF
	398
	399	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	400	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	401	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	402	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	403	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	404	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	405	'density profile'
[2768]	406	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	407	ENDIF
	408
	409	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	410	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	411	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	412	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	413	ENDIF
[2696]	414	!
	415	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	416	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	417	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	418	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	419	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	420	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	421	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
[2768]	422	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	423	ENDIF
[1826]	424
	425
	426	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	427
	428
[138]	429	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	430	!
[1484]	431	! Description:
	432	! ------------
[2209]	433	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
	434	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	435	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	436	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	437
[2209]	438	USE indices
	439
	440	USE kinds
	441
	442
	443	IMPLICIT NONE
	444
	445	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	446
[2696]	447	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	448	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	449	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	450	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	451	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
[3014]	452	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	453	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	454
	455	LOGICAL :: found !<
	456
[2696]	457	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
[3014]	458	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !<
[2209]	459
	460
	461	found = .TRUE.
	462
[2696]	463	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	464
	465	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	466
	467	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	468	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	469	DO i = nxl, nxr
	470	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	471	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	472	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	473	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	474	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	475	ENDDO
	476	ENDIF
[2209]	477	ENDDO
	478	ENDDO
	479	ENDIF
[3014]	480
	481	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	482	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	483	DO i = nxl, nxr
	484	DO j = nys, nyn
	485	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	486	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
	487	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	488	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	489	ENDDO
	490	ENDIF
	491	ENDDO
	492	ENDDO
	493	ENDIF
[2209]	494
	495	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	496	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	497	DO i = nxl, nxr
	498	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	499	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	500	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	501	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	502	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
	503	ENDDO
	504	ENDIF
[2209]	505	ENDDO
	506	ENDDO
	507	ENDIF
	508
	509
	510	CASE DEFAULT
	511	found = .FALSE.
	512
	513	END SELECT
	514
	515
	516	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	517
	518	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	519	!
	520	! Description:
	521	! ------------
	522	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	523	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	524	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	525	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	526
	527	IMPLICIT NONE
	528
	529	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	530	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	531	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	532	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	533	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	534
	535	found = .TRUE.
	536
	537	!
	538	!-- Check for the grid
	539	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	540
[3014]	541	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate')
[2209]	542	grid_x = 'x'
	543	grid_y = 'y'
	544	grid_z = 'zu'
	545
	546	CASE DEFAULT
	547	found = .FALSE.
	548	grid_x = 'none'
	549	grid_y = 'none'
	550	grid_z = 'none'
	551	END SELECT
	552
	553	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	554
	555
	556	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	557	! Description:
	558	! ------------
[1826]	559	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	560	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	561	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	562
	563	USE control_parameters, &
[3065]	564	ONLY: passive_scalar
[1826]	565
	566
	567	IMPLICIT NONE
	568
	569	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	570
	571	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	572	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	573	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	574	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	575
	576	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	577	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	578	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	579
	580	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	581
[3065]	582	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1826]	583
	584	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	585	canopy_drag_coeff
	586	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	587	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	588	leaf_surface_conc
	589	ENDIF
	590
	591	!
	592	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	593	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	594
	595	!
	596	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	597	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	598	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	599
	600	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	601	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	602	gradients = '------'
	603	slices = ' 0'
	604	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	605	i = 1
	606	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	607	/= -9999 )
	608
	609	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	610	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	611	TRIM( coor_chr )
	612
	613	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	614	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	615
	616	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	617	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	618
	619	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	620	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	621
	622	i = i + 1
	623	ENDDO
	624
	625	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	626	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	627
	628	ELSE
	629
	630	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	631	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	632
	633	DO k = 1, pch_index
	634
	635	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	636	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	637	TRIM( coor_chr )
	638
	639	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	640	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	641
	642	ENDDO
	643
	644	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	645	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	646
	647	ENDIF
	648
	649	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	650	' ------------------------------'// &
	651	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	652	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	653	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	654	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	655	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	656	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	657	' K m/s')
	658	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	659	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	660	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	661	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	662	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	663	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	664	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	665	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	666	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	667	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	668	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	669
	670	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	671
	672
	673	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	674	! Description:
	675	! ------------
[1682]	676	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	677	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	678	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	679
	680
	681	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	682	ONLY: humidity, message_string, ocean, urban_surface
[1484]	683
[2696]	684	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	685	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	686
[2232]	687	USE surface_mod, &
	688	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	689
	690	IMPLICIT NONE
	691
[2007]	692	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	693	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	694	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	695	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	696
[2007]	697	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	698	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	699	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[3241]	700
[1484]	701	!
	702	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	703	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	704	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	705	lad = 0.0_wp
	706	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	707
	708	!
[1826]	709	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	710	!-- a beta probability density function
	711	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	712	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	713	ENDIF
	714
	715
	716	!
[1484]	717	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	718	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	719	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	720	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	721	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	722	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	723
	724	!
	725	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	726	i = 1
	727	gradient = 0.0_wp
	728
	729	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	730
	731	lad(0) = lad_surface
	732	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	733
	734	DO k = 1, pch_index
	735	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	736	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	737	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	738	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	739	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	740	i = i + 1
	741	ENDIF
	742	ENDIF
	743	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	744	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	745	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	746	ELSE
	747	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	748	ENDIF
	749	ELSE
	750	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	751	ENDIF
	752	ENDDO
	753
	754	ENDIF
	755
	756	!
	757	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	758	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	759	!-- file.
	760	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	761	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	762	ENDIF
	763
	764	ELSE
	765
	766	!
	767	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	768	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
[3065]	769	canopy_height = zw(pch_index)
[1484]	770
[2232]	771	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	772	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	773	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	774	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	775	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	776	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	777	ENDDO
	778
	779	!
	780	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	781	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	782	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	783	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	784	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	785	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	786	) / canopy_height
[1484]	787	ENDDO
	788
	789	!
	790	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	791	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	792	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	793	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	794	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	795	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	796	ENDDO
	797
	798	ENDIF
	799
	800	!
[2213]	801	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	802	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	803
	804	!
	805	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	806	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	807	!-- with the prescribed values
	808	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	809	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	810	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	811
	812	!
	813	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	814	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	815	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	816	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	817
	818	CASE( 'block' )
	819
	820	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	821	DO j = nysg, nyng
	822	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	823	ENDDO
	824	ENDDO
	825
[2007]	826	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	827	!
[2696]	828	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	829	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	830	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	831	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	832	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	833	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	834	!
	835	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	836	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	837	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	838
	839	DO i = nxl, nxr
	840	DO j = nys, nyn
	841	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	842	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	843	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
	844	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	845	ENDDO
	846	ENDDO
	847	ENDDO
	848	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	849	!
	850	! ASCII file
[2007]	851	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	852	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	853	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	854	!-- each location).
[2696]	855	ELSE
	856	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	857	ENDIF
[2007]	858
[1484]	859	CASE DEFAULT
	860	!
[2007]	861	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	862	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	863	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	864	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	865	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	866	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	867
	868	END SELECT
[2696]	869	!
	870	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	871	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	872	pch_index_ji = 0
[1484]	873
[2696]	874	DO i = nxl, nxr
	875	DO j = nys, nyn
	876	DO k = 0, pch_index
	877	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	878	ENDDO
[1484]	879	!
[2696]	880	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	881	!-- height of the model domain.
[2698]	882	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	883	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	884	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	885	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
	886	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	887	ENDIF
	888
	889	ENDDO
	890	ENDDO
	891
	892	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
	893
	894	!
[2011]	895	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	896	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	897	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	898	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	899	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	900	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	901	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	902	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	903	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	904	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	905	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
	906	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	907	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
[2768]	908	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2213]	909
	910	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
[3022]	911	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	912	!
[2011]	913	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	914	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	915	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	916	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	917	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	918	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	919	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	920	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	921	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	922	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	923	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	924	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	925	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	926	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	927	ELSE
	928	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	929	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	930	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	931	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	932	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	933	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	934	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	935	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	936	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	937	ENDIF
	938	ENDDO
	939	ENDDO
	940	ENDDO
	941
[2232]	942	!
	943	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	944	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	945	!-- Start with default surface type
	946	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	947	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	948	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	949	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	950	ENDDO
[1484]	951	!
[2232]	952	!-- Natural surfaces
	953	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	954	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	955	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	956	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	957	ENDDO
	958	!
	959	!-- Urban surfaces
	960	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	961	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	962	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	963	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	964	ENDDO
	965	!
	966	!
[2011]	967	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	968	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	969	!-- canopy.
	970	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	971	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	972	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	973	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	974	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	975	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	976	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	977	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[3022]	978	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	979	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
[2232]	980	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	981	ENDIF
	982	ENDDO
[1721]	983	ENDDO
	984	ENDDO
[1484]	985
	986	ENDIF
[3022]	987	!
	988	!-- Allocate transpiration rate
	989	IF ( humidity ) &
	990	ALLOCATE( pc_transpiration_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	991
	992
	993
[1826]	994	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	995
	996
[2007]	997	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	998	! Description:
	999	! ------------
[2932]	1000	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	1001	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1002	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	1003
[2746]	1004	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	1005	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	1006
	1007	IMPLICIT NONE
	1008
	1009	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	1010
[2932]	1011	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	1012	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1013	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1014	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	1015	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1016	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1017	lai_beta, &
	1018	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	1019	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	1020
[2007]	1021	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1022	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1023	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1024	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1025	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1026	lai_beta, &
	1027	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	1028	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
[3246]	1029
[2007]	1030	line = ' '
[3246]	1031
[2007]	1032	!
	1033	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	1034	REWIND ( 11 )
	1035	line = ' '
[3248]	1036	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1037	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
[2007]	1038	ENDDO
	1039	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1040
	1041	!
	1042	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1043	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters, ERR = 10 )
[2932]	1044
	1045	!
	1046	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1047	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
[3246]	1048
	1049	GOTO 14
	1050
	1051	10 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1052	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1053	CALL parin_fail_message( 'plant_canopy_parameters', line )
[2932]	1054	!
	1055	!-- Try to find old namelist
[3246]	1056	12 REWIND ( 11 )
[2932]	1057	line = ' '
[3248]	1058	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
[3246]	1059	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=14 ) line
[2932]	1060	ENDDO
	1061	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1062
	1063	!
	1064	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[3246]	1065	READ ( 11, canopy_par, ERR = 13, END = 14 )
[2007]	1066
[2932]	1067	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
[3046]	1068	'removed in near future. Please use namelist ' // &
[2932]	1069	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1070	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[3246]	1071
[2007]	1072	!
	1073	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1074	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1075
[3246]	1076	GOTO 14
[2007]	1077
[3246]	1078	13 BACKSPACE( 11 )
[3248]	1079	READ( 11 , '(A)') line
	1080	CALL parin_fail_message( 'canopy_par', line )
[3246]	1081
	1082	14 CONTINUE
	1083
	1084
[2007]	1085	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1086
	1087
	1088
[1484]	1089	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1090	! Description:
	1091	! ------------
[2007]	1092	!
	1093	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1094	!>
	1095	!> num_levels
[2977]	1096	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1097	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1098	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1099	!> ...
	1100	!>
	1101	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1102	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1103	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1104	!>
	1105	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1106	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1107	!>
	1108	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1109	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1110	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1111	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1112
	1113	USE control_parameters, &
[3241]	1114	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string
[2007]	1115
[2213]	1116	USE indices, &
	1117	ONLY: nbgp
	1118
	1119	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1120
[2213]	1121	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1122	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1123	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1124	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
	1125
	1126	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1127
[2213]	1128	!
	1129	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1130	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1131
	1132	!
	1133	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1134	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1135	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1136	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1137	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[2213]	1138
[2977]	1139	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1140
[2213]	1141	DO
[2977]	1142	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1143	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1144
	1145	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1146	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1147	!
[2977]	1148	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1149	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1150	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1151	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1152	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1153	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1154	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1155	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1156	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1157	ENDIF
	1158	lad_s(0:nzp-1,j,i) = col(0:nzp-1) * lad_type_coef(pctype)
	1159
	1160	CASE DEFAULT
	1161	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1162	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1163	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1164	END SELECT
[2213]	1165	ENDDO
[2007]	1166
[2213]	1167	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1168	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1169
[2213]	1170	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1171	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1172
	1173	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1174	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1175
	1176	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1177
	1178	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1179
	1180
	1181
	1182	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1183	! Description:
	1184	! ------------
[1682]	1185	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1186	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1187	!>
	1188	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1189	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1190	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1191	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1192	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1193	!>
	1194	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1195	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1196	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1197	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1198	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1199	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1200	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1201	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1202	!>
	1203	!>
	1204	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1205	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1206	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1207
	1208
[1320]	1209	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1210	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1211
	1212	USE kinds
	1213
[138]	1214	IMPLICIT NONE
	1215
[1682]	1216	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1217	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1218	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1219	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1220	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1221	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1222
[1682]	1223	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1224	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1225	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1226	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1227	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1228	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1229
	1230
	1231	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1232
	1233	!
[1484]	1234	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1235	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1236
	1237	!
	1238	!-- u-component
	1239	CASE ( 1 )
	1240	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1241	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1242	!
	1243	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1244	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1245	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1246
[2232]	1247	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1248	!
	1249	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1250	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1251	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1252	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1253	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1254	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1255	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1256	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1257	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1258	THEN
	1259	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1260	ENDIF
	1261
	1262	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1263	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1264	!
	1265	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1266	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1267	lad_local * &
	1268	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1269	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1270	v(k,j,i) + &
	1271	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1272	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1273	)**2 + &
	1274	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1275	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1276	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1277	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1278	)**2 &
	1279	) * &
	1280	u(k,j,i)
	1281
	1282	!
	1283	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1284	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1285	!
	1286	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1287	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1288	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1289	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1290	ELSE
	1291	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1292	ENDIF
	1293	!
	1294	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1295	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1296
[138]	1297	ENDDO
	1298	ENDDO
	1299	ENDDO
	1300
	1301	!
	1302	!-- v-component
	1303	CASE ( 2 )
	1304	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1305	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1306	!
	1307	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1308	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1309
[2696]	1310	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1311
[2232]	1312	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1313	!
	1314	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1315	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1316	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1317	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1318	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1319	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1320	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1321	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1322	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1323	THEN
	1324	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1325	ENDIF
	1326
	1327	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1328	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1329	!
	1330	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1331	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1332	lad_local * &
	1333	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1334	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1335	u(k,j,i) + &
	1336	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1337	)**2 + &
	1338	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1339	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1340	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1341	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1342	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1343	)**2 &
	1344	) * &
	1345	v(k,j,i)
	1346
	1347	!
	1348	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1349	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1350	!
	1351	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1352	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1353	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1354	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1355	ELSE
	1356	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1357	ENDIF
	1358	!
	1359	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1360	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1361
[138]	1362	ENDDO
	1363	ENDDO
	1364	ENDDO
	1365
	1366	!
	1367	!-- w-component
	1368	CASE ( 3 )
	1369	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1370	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1371	!
	1372	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1373	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1374
[2696]	1375	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1376
[2232]	1377	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1378
[1484]	1379	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1380	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1381	!
	1382	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1383	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1384	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1385	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1386	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1387	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1388	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1389	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1390	)**2 + &
	1391	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1392	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1393	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1394	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1395	)**2 + &
	1396	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1397	) * &
	1398	w(k,j,i)
	1399	!
	1400	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1401	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1402	!
	1403	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1404	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1405	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1406	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1407	ELSE
	1408	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1409	ENDIF
	1410	!
	1411	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1412	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1413
[138]	1414	ENDDO
	1415	ENDDO
	1416	ENDDO
	1417
	1418	!
[153]	1419	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1420	CASE ( 4 )
	1421	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1422	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1423	!
	1424	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1425	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1426
[2696]	1427	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1428
	1429	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1430	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1431	ENDDO
	1432	ENDDO
	1433	ENDDO
	1434
	1435	!
[1960]	1436	!-- humidity
[153]	1437	CASE ( 5 )
	1438	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1439	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1440	!
	1441	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1442	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1443
[2696]	1444	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1445
	1446	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1447	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1448	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1449	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1450	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1451	)**2 + &
	1452	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1453	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1454	)**2 + &
	1455	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1456	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1457	)**2 &
	1458	) * &
	1459	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[3014]	1460
	1461	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1462	ENDDO
	1463	ENDDO
	1464	ENDDO
	1465
	1466	!
	1467	!-- sgs-tke
	1468	CASE ( 6 )
	1469	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1470	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1471	!
	1472	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1473	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1474
[2696]	1475	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1476
	1477	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1478	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1479	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1480	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1481	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1482	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1483	)**2 + &
	1484	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1485	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1486	)**2 + &
	1487	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1488	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1489	)**2 &
	1490	) * &
	1491	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1492	ENDDO
	1493	ENDDO
	1494	ENDDO
[1960]	1495	!
	1496	!-- scalar concentration
	1497	CASE ( 7 )
	1498	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1499	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1500	!
	1501	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1502	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1503
[2696]	1504	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1505
	1506	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1507	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1508	lsec * &
	1509	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1510	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1511	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1512	)**2 + &
	1513	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1514	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1515	)**2 + &
	1516	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1517	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1518	)**2 &
	1519	) * &
	1520	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1521	ENDDO
	1522	ENDDO
	1523	ENDDO
[1484]	1524
	1525
[1960]	1526
[138]	1527	CASE DEFAULT
	1528
[257]	1529	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1530	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1531
	1532	END SELECT
	1533
[1826]	1534	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1535
	1536
	1537	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1538	! Description:
	1539	! ------------
[1682]	1540	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1541	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1542	!>
	1543	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1544	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1545	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1546	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1547	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1548	!>
	1549	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1550	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1551	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1552	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1553	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1554	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1555	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1556	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1557	!>
	1558	!>
	1559	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1560	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1561	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1562
	1563
[1320]	1564	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1565	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1566
	1567	USE kinds
	1568
[138]	1569	IMPLICIT NONE
	1570
[1682]	1571	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1572	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1573	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1574	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1575	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1576	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1577
[1682]	1578	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1579	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1580	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1581	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1582	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1583	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1584
	1585
	1586	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1587	!
[1484]	1588	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1589	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1590
	1591	!
[142]	1592	!-- u-component
[1484]	1593	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1594	!
	1595	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1596	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1597	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1598
[2696]	1599	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1600
	1601	!
[1484]	1602	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1603	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1604	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1605	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1606	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1607	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1608	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1609	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1610	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1611	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1612	ENDIF
	1613
	1614	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1615	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1616	!
	1617	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1618	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1619	lad_local * &
	1620	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1621	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1622	v(k,j,i) + &
	1623	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1624	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1625	)**2 + &
	1626	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1627	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1628	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1629	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1630	)**2 &
	1631	) * &
	1632	u(k,j,i)
	1633
	1634	!
	1635	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1636	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1637	!
	1638	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1639	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1640	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1641	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1642	ELSE
	1643	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1644	ENDIF
	1645	!
	1646	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1647	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1648	ENDDO
	1649
	1650
	1651	!
[142]	1652	!-- v-component
[1484]	1653	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1654	!
	1655	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1656	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1657
[2696]	1658	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1659
[2232]	1660	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1661	!
[1484]	1662	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1663	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1664	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1665	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1666	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1667	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1668	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1669	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1670	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1671	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1672	ENDIF
	1673
	1674	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1675	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1676	!
	1677	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1678	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1679	lad_local * &
	1680	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1681	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1682	u(k,j,i) + &
	1683	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1684	)**2 + &
	1685	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1686	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1687	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1688	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1689	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1690	)**2 &
	1691	) * &
	1692	v(k,j,i)
	1693
	1694	!
	1695	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1696	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1697	!
	1698	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1699	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1700	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1701	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1702	ELSE
	1703	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1704	ENDIF
	1705	!
	1706	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1707	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1708	ENDDO
	1709
	1710
	1711	!
[142]	1712	!-- w-component
[1484]	1713	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	1714	!
	1715	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1716	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1717
[2696]	1718	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	1719
[2232]	1720	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1721
[1484]	1722	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1723	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1724	!
[1484]	1725	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1726	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1727	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1728	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1729	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1730	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1731	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1732	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1733	)**2 + &
	1734	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1735	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1736	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1737	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1738	)**2 + &
	1739	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1740	) * &
	1741	w(k,j,i)
	1742	!
	1743	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1744	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1745	!
	1746	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1747	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1748	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1749	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1750	ELSE
	1751	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1752	ENDIF
	1753	!
	1754	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1755	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1756	ENDDO
	1757
	1758	!
[153]	1759	!-- potential temperature
	1760	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	1761	!
	1762	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1763	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1764
[2696]	1765	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1766	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1767	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1768	ENDDO
	1769
	1770
	1771	!
[1960]	1772	!-- humidity
[153]	1773	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	1774	!
	1775	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1776	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1777
[2696]	1778	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	1779	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2232]	1780
[3014]	1781	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1782	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1783	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1784	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1785	)**2 + &
	1786	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1787	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1788	)**2 + &
	1789	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1790	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1791	)**2 &
	1792	) * &
	1793	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[3014]	1794
	1795	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	1796
[153]	1797	ENDDO
	1798
	1799	!
[142]	1800	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1801	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	1802	!
	1803	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1804	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1805
[2696]	1806	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1807
	1808	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1809	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1810	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1811	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1812	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1813	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1814	)**2 + &
	1815	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1816	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1817	)**2 + &
	1818	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1819	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1820	)**2 &
	1821	) * &
	1822	e(k,j,i)
	1823	ENDDO
[1960]	1824
	1825	!
	1826	!-- scalar concentration
	1827	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	1828	!
	1829	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1830	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1831
[2696]	1832	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1833
	1834	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	1835	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1836	lsec * &
	1837	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1838	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1839	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1840	)**2 + &
	1841	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1842	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1843	)**2 + &
	1844	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1845	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1846	)**2 &
	1847	) * &
	1848	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1849	ENDDO
[138]	1850
[142]	1851	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1852
[257]	1853	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1854	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1855
[142]	1856	END SELECT
[138]	1857
[1826]	1858	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1859
[2007]	1860
	1861
[138]	1862	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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