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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 3014

Last change on this file since 3014 was 3014, checked in by maronga, 6 years ago
series of bugfixes
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 75.2 KB

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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[257]	20	! Current revisions:
[2977]	21	! ------------------
[2214]	22	!
[2701]	23	!
[2214]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 3014 2018-05-09 08:42:38Z maronga $
[3014]	27	! Bugfix: nzb_do and nzt_do were not used for 3d data output
	28	! Added pc_transpiration_rate
	29	!
	30	! 2977 2018-04-17 10:27:57Z kanani
[2977]	31	! Implement changes from branch radiation (r2948-2971) with minor modifications,
	32	! plus some formatting.
	33	! (moh.hefny):
	34	! Add plant canopy type to account for changes in LAD (based on the changes
	35	! done by Resler & Pavel) and correct the error message to PALM Standard.
	36	!
	37	! 2932 2018-03-26 09:39:22Z maronga
[2932]	38	! renamed canopy_par to plant_canopy_parameters
	39	!
	40	! 2920 2018-03-22 11:22:01Z kanani
[2920]	41	! Move usm_lad_rma and prototype_lad to radiation_model (moh.hefny)
	42	!
	43	! 2892 2018-03-14 15:06:29Z suehring
[2892]	44	! Bugfix, read separate ASCII LAD files for parent and child model.
	45	!
	46	! 2770 2018-01-25 15:10:09Z kanani
[2770]	47	! Correction of parameter check
	48	!
	49	! 2768 2018-01-24 15:38:29Z kanani
[2768]	50	! Added check for output quantity pcm_heatrate, some formatting
	51	!
	52	! 2766 2018-01-22 17:17:47Z kanani
[2766]	53	! Increased LEN of canopy mode to 30
	54	!
	55	! 2746 2018-01-15 12:06:04Z suehring
[2746]	56	! Move flag plant canopy to modules
	57	!
	58	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	59	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
	60	!
	61	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	62	! Changes from last commit documented
	63	!
	64	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2701]	65	! Bugfix in get_topography_top_index
	66	!
[2716]	67	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	68	! Change in file header (GPL part)
[2696]	69	! Bugfix for vertical loop index pch_index in case of Netcdf input
	70	! Introduce 2D index array incorporate canopy top index
	71	! Check if canopy on top of topography do not exceed vertical dimension
	72	! Add check for canopy_mode in case of Netcdf input.
	73	! Enable _FillValue output for 3d quantities
	74	! Bugfix in reading of PIDS leaf area density (MS)
	75	!
	76	! 2669 2017-12-06 16:03:27Z raasch
[2669]	77	! coupling_char removed
	78	!
	79	! 2512 2017-10-04 08:26:59Z raasch
[2512]	80	! upper bounds of 3d output changed from nx+1,ny+1 to nx,ny
	81	! no output of ghost layer data
	82	!
	83	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	84	! Get topography top index via Function call
	85	!
	86	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2274]	87	! Changed error messages
	88	!
	89	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[2214]	90	!
[2233]	91	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	92	! Adjustments to new topography concept
	93	!
[2214]	94	! 2213 2017-04-24 15:10:35Z kanani
[2213]	95	! Bugfix: exchange of ghost points in array pc_heating_rate needed for output
	96	! of pcm_heatrate, onetime ghost point exchange of lad_s after initialization.
	97	! Formatting and clean-up of subroutine pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d,
	98	! minor re-organization of canopy-heating initialization.
[2008]	99	!
[2210]	100	! 2209 2017-04-19 09:34:46Z kanani
	101	! Added 3d output of leaf area density (pcm_lad) and canopy
	102	! heat rate (pcm_heatrate)
	103	!
[2025]	104	! 2024 2016-10-12 16:42:37Z kanani
	105	! Added missing lad_s initialization
	106	!
[2012]	107	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
	108	! Renamed canopy_heat_flux to pc_heating_rate, since the original meaning/
	109	! calculation of the quantity has changed, related to the urban surface model
	110	! and similar future applications.
	111	!
[2008]	112	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
[2007]	113	! Added SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d for reading 3d plant canopy data
	114	! from file (new case canopy_mode=read_from_file_3d) in the course of
	115	! introduction of urban surface model,
	116	! introduced variable ext_coef,
	117	! resorted SUBROUTINEs to alphabetical order
[1827]	118	!
[2001]	119	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	120	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
	121	!
[1961]	122	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
	123	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
	124	!
[1954]	125	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	126	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	127	!
[1827]	128	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	129	! Further modularization
	130	!
[1722]	131	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	132	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	133	! canopy is set on top of topography
	134	!
[1683]	135	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	136	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	137	!
[1485]	138	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	139	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	140	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	141	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	142	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	143	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	144	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	145	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	146	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	147	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	148	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	149	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	150	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	151	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	152	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	153	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	154	! respectively,
	155	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	156	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	157	!
	158	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	159	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	160	!
[1321]	161	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	162	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	163	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	164	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	165	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	166	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	167	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	168	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	169	!
[1037]	170	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	171	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	172	!
[139]	173	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	174	! Initial revision
	175	!
[138]	176	! Description:
	177	! ------------
[1682]	178	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	179	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	180	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	181	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	182	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	183	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	184
[1484]	185	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	186	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, s, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	187
[1484]	188	USE indices, &
	189	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
[2317]	190	nz, nzb, nzt
[1484]	191
	192	USE kinds
	193
[2317]	194	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	195	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji
[1484]	196
[2317]	197
[1484]	198	IMPLICIT NONE
	199
	200
[2766]	201	CHARACTER (LEN=30) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	202
[2696]	203	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
	204	INTEGER(iwp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	205
[2696]	206	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pch_index_ji !< local plant canopy top
	207
[1682]	208	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
[1484]	209
[2696]	210	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	211	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	212	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	213	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	214	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	215	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	216	REAL(wp) :: ext_coef = 0.6_wp !< extinction coefficient
	217	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	218	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
	219	REAL(wp) :: leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
	220	REAL(wp) :: leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2768]	221	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[2696]	222	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	223
[2696]	224	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
	225	REAL(wp) :: lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	226
[2977]	227	REAL(wp) :: lad_type_coef(0:10) = 1.0_wp !< multiplicative coeficients for particular types
	228	!< of plant canopy (e.g. deciduous tree during winter)
	229
[1682]	230	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	231	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	232
[2768]	233	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	234	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
	235	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_heating_rate !< plant canopy heating rate
[3014]	236	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: pc_transpiration_rate !< plant canopy transpiration rate
[1484]	237
	238	SAVE
	239
	240
[138]	241	PRIVATE
[1826]	242
	243	!
	244	!-- Public functions
[2209]	245	PUBLIC pcm_check_data_output, pcm_check_parameters, pcm_data_output_3d, &
	246	pcm_define_netcdf_grid, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	247
[1826]	248	!
	249	!-- Public variables and constants
[3014]	250	PUBLIC pc_heating_rate, pc_transpiration_rate, canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, &
[2920]	251	pch_index
[2007]	252
[1484]	253
[2209]	254	INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	255	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_data_output
	256	END INTERFACE pcm_check_data_output
	257
[1826]	258	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	259	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
[2209]	260	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	261
	262	INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	263	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_data_output_3d
	264	END INTERFACE pcm_data_output_3d
	265
	266	INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	267	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	268	END INTERFACE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
[1826]	269
	270	INTERFACE pcm_header
	271	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	272	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	273
	274	INTERFACE pcm_init
	275	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	276	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	277
[1826]	278	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	279	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
[2007]	280	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	281
	282	INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	283	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	284	END INTERFACE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[1826]	285
	286	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	287	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	288	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	289	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	290
	291
[138]	292	CONTAINS
	293
[2209]	294
	295	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	296	! Description:
	297	! ------------
	298	!> Check data output for plant canopy model
	299	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	300	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output( var, unit )
[1826]	301
[2209]	302
	303	USE control_parameters, &
[2770]	304	ONLY: data_output, message_string, urban_surface
[2209]	305
	306	IMPLICIT NONE
	307
	308	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
	309	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
	310
	311
	312	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	313
	314	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
[2770]	315	IF ( cthf == 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2768]	316	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
	317	'res setting of parameter cthf /= 0.0'
	318	CALL message( 'pcm_check_data_output', 'PA1000', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	319	ENDIF
[2209]	320	unit = 'K s-1'
	321
[3014]	322	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	323	unit = 'kg kg-1 s-1'
	324
[2209]	325	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	326	unit = 'm2 m-3'
	327
	328
	329	CASE DEFAULT
	330	unit = 'illegal'
	331
	332	END SELECT
	333
	334
	335	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_data_output
	336
	337
[1826]	338	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	339	! Description:
	340	! ------------
	341	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	342	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	343	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	344
[1826]	345	USE control_parameters, &
[2696]	346	ONLY: cloud_physics, coupling_char, message_string, &
	347	microphysics_seifert
	348
	349	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	350	ONLY: input_file_static, input_pids_static
[1826]	351
	352
	353	IMPLICIT NONE
	354
	355
	356	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	357	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
	358	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
[2768]	359	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	360	ENDIF
	361
	362	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
	363	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	364	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	365	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	366	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
[2768]	367	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	368	ENDIF
	369
	370	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	371	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	372	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	373	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	374	'lai_beta = 0.0'
[2768]	375	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	376	ENDIF
	377
	378	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2274]	379	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9 '// &
	380	'combined with beta_lad /= 9999999.9 ' // &
[1826]	381	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	382	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	383	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	384	'density profile'
[2768]	385	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	386	ENDIF
	387
	388	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	389	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	390	' seifert_beheng'
[2768]	391	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1826]	392	ENDIF
[2696]	393	!
	394	!-- If dynamic input file is used, canopy need to be read from file
	395	IF ( input_pids_static .AND. &
	396	TRIM( canopy_mode ) /= 'read_from_file_3d' ) THEN
	397	message_string = 'Usage of dynamic input file ' // &
	398	TRIM( input_file_static ) // &
	399	TRIM( coupling_char ) // ' requires ' // &
	400	'canopy_mode = read_from_file_3d'
[2768]	401	CALL message( 'pcm_check_parameters', 'PA0999', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2696]	402	ENDIF
[1826]	403
	404
	405	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	406
	407
[138]	408	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2209]	409	!
[1484]	410	! Description:
	411	! ------------
[2209]	412	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
	413	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[3014]	414	SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf, fill_value, &
	415	nzb_do, nzt_do )
	416
[2209]	417	USE indices
	418
	419	USE kinds
	420
	421
	422	IMPLICIT NONE
	423
	424	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
	425
[2696]	426	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
	427	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	428	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	429	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	430	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_topo !< topography top index
[3014]	431	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< lower limit of the data output (usually 0)
	432	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< vertical upper limit of the data output (usually nz_do3d)
[2209]	433
	434	LOGICAL :: found !<
	435
[2696]	436	REAL(wp) :: fill_value
[3014]	437	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxl:nxr,nys:nyn,nzb_do:nzt_do) :: local_pf !<
[2209]	438
	439
	440	found = .TRUE.
	441
[2696]	442	local_pf = REAL( fill_value, KIND = 4 )
[2209]	443
	444	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
	445
	446	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate' )
	447	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	448	DO i = nxl, nxr
	449	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	450	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	451	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	452	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	453	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_heating_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	454	ENDDO
	455	ENDIF
[2209]	456	ENDDO
	457	ENDDO
	458	ENDIF
[3014]	459
	460	CASE ( 'pcm_transpirationrate' )
	461	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
	462	DO i = nxl, nxr
	463	DO j = nys, nyn
	464	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
	465	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
	466	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	467	local_pf(i,j,k) = pc_transpiration_rate(k-k_topo,j,i)
	468	ENDDO
	469	ENDIF
	470	ENDDO
	471	ENDDO
	472	ENDIF
[2209]	473
	474	CASE ( 'pcm_lad' )
	475	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
[2512]	476	DO i = nxl, nxr
	477	DO j = nys, nyn
[2696]	478	IF ( pch_index_ji(j,i) /= 0 ) THEN
[2698]	479	k_topo = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	480	DO k = k_topo, k_topo + pch_index_ji(j,i)
	481	local_pf(i,j,k) = lad_s(k-k_topo,j,i)
	482	ENDDO
	483	ENDIF
[2209]	484	ENDDO
	485	ENDDO
	486	ENDIF
	487
	488
	489	CASE DEFAULT
	490	found = .FALSE.
	491
	492	END SELECT
	493
	494
	495	END SUBROUTINE pcm_data_output_3d
	496
	497	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	498	!
	499	! Description:
	500	! ------------
	501	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
	502	!> It is called from subroutine netcdf.
	503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	504	SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
	505
	506	IMPLICIT NONE
	507
	508	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
	509	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
	510	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
	511	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
	512	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
	513
	514	found = .TRUE.
	515
	516	!
	517	!-- Check for the grid
	518	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
	519
[3014]	520	CASE ( 'pcm_heatrate', 'pcm_lad', 'pcm_transpirationrate')
[2209]	521	grid_x = 'x'
	522	grid_y = 'y'
	523	grid_z = 'zu'
	524
	525	CASE DEFAULT
	526	found = .FALSE.
	527	grid_x = 'none'
	528	grid_y = 'none'
	529	grid_z = 'none'
	530	END SELECT
	531
	532	END SUBROUTINE pcm_define_netcdf_grid
	533
	534
	535	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	536	! Description:
	537	! ------------
[1826]	538	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	539	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	540	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	541
	542	USE control_parameters, &
	543	ONLY: dz, passive_scalar
	544
	545
	546	IMPLICIT NONE
	547
	548	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	549
	550	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	551	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	552	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	553	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	554
	555	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	556	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	557	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	558
	559	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	560
	561	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	562
	563	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	564	canopy_drag_coeff
	565	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	566	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	567	leaf_surface_conc
	568	ENDIF
	569
	570	!
	571	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	572	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	573
	574	!
	575	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	576	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	577	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	578
	579	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	580	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	581	gradients = '------'
	582	slices = ' 0'
	583	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	584	i = 1
	585	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	586	/= -9999 )
	587
	588	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	589	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	590	TRIM( coor_chr )
	591
	592	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	593	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	594
	595	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	596	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	597
	598	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	599	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	600
	601	i = i + 1
	602	ENDDO
	603
	604	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	605	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	606
	607	ELSE
	608
	609	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	610	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	611
	612	DO k = 1, pch_index
	613
	614	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	615	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	616	TRIM( coor_chr )
	617
	618	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	619	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	620
	621	ENDDO
	622
	623	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	624	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	625
	626	ENDIF
	627
	628	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	629	' ------------------------------'// &
	630	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	631	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	632	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	633	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	634	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	635	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	636	' K m/s')
	637	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	638	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	639	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	640	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	641	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	642	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	643	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	644	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	645	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	646	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	647	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	648
	649	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	650
	651
	652	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	653	! Description:
	654	! ------------
[1682]	655	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	656	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	657	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	658
	659
	660	USE control_parameters, &
[2669]	661	ONLY: dz, humidity, io_blocks, io_group, message_string, ocean, &
	662	passive_scalar, urban_surface
[1484]	663
[2696]	664	USE netcdf_data_input_mod, &
	665	ONLY: leaf_area_density_f
	666
[2232]	667	USE surface_mod, &
	668	ONLY: surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[1484]	669
	670	IMPLICIT NONE
	671
[2007]	672	CHARACTER(10) :: pct
	673
	674	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	675	INTEGER(iwp) :: ii !< index
	676	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	677	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	678	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
[1484]	679
[2007]	680	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	681	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	682	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	683	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
	684	REAL(wp) :: pcv(nzb:nzt+1) !<
	685
[1484]	686	!
	687	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	688	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	689	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	690	lad = 0.0_wp
	691	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	692
	693	!
[1826]	694	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	695	!-- a beta probability density function
	696	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	697	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	698	ENDIF
	699
	700
	701	!
[1484]	702	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	703	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	704	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	705	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	706	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	707	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	708
	709	!
	710	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	711	i = 1
	712	gradient = 0.0_wp
	713
	714	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	715
	716	lad(0) = lad_surface
	717	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	718
	719	DO k = 1, pch_index
	720	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	721	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	722	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	723	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	724	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	725	i = i + 1
	726	ENDIF
	727	ENDIF
	728	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	729	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	730	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	731	ELSE
	732	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	733	ENDIF
	734	ELSE
	735	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	736	ENDIF
	737	ENDDO
	738
	739	ENDIF
	740
	741	!
	742	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	743	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	744	!-- file.
	745	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	746	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	747	ENDIF
	748
	749	ELSE
	750
	751	!
	752	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	753	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
	754	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	755
[2232]	756	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1484]	757	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	758	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	759	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	760	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	761	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	762	ENDDO
	763
	764	!
	765	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
[2232]	766	DO k = 0, pch_index
[1826]	767	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	768	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	769	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	770	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	771	) / canopy_height
[1484]	772	ENDDO
	773
	774	!
	775	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	776	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	777	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	778	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
[2232]	779	DO k = 1, pch_index
[1484]	780	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	781	ENDDO
	782
	783	ENDIF
	784
	785	!
[2213]	786	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s).
[1484]	787	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	788
	789	!
	790	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	791	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	792	!-- with the prescribed values
	793	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	794	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	795	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	796
	797	!
	798	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	799	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	800	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	801	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	802
	803	CASE( 'block' )
	804
	805	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	806	DO j = nysg, nyng
	807	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	808	ENDDO
	809	ENDDO
	810
[2007]	811	CASE ( 'read_from_file_3d' )
	812	!
[2696]	813	!-- Initialize LAD with data from file. If LAD is given in NetCDF file,
	814	!-- use these values, else take LAD profiles from ASCII file.
	815	!-- Please note, in NetCDF file LAD is only given up to the maximum
	816	!-- canopy top, indicated by leaf_area_density_f%nz.
	817	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	818	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%from_file ) THEN
	819	!
	820	!-- Set also pch_index, used to be the upper bound of the vertical
	821	!-- loops. Therefore, use the global top of the canopy layer.
	822	pch_index = leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	823
	824	DO i = nxl, nxr
	825	DO j = nys, nyn
	826	DO k = 0, leaf_area_density_f%nz - 1
	827	IF ( leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i) /= &
	828	leaf_area_density_f%fill ) &
	829	lad_s(k,j,i) = leaf_area_density_f%var(k,j,i)
	830	ENDDO
	831	ENDDO
	832	ENDDO
	833	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
	834	!
	835	! ASCII file
[2007]	836	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	837	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	838	!-- from file which contains complete 3D data (separate vertical profiles for
	839	!-- each location).
[2696]	840	ELSE
	841	CALL pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	842	ENDIF
[2007]	843
[1484]	844	CASE DEFAULT
	845	!
[2007]	846	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	847	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	848	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	849	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	850	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	851	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
[1484]	852
	853	END SELECT
[2696]	854	!
	855	!-- Initialize 2D index array indicating canopy top index.
	856	ALLOCATE( pch_index_ji(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	857	pch_index_ji = 0
[1484]	858
[2696]	859	DO i = nxl, nxr
	860	DO j = nys, nyn
	861	DO k = 0, pch_index
	862	IF ( lad_s(k,j,i) /= 0 ) pch_index_ji(j,i) = k
	863	ENDDO
[1484]	864	!
[2696]	865	!-- Check whether topography and local vegetation on top exceed
	866	!-- height of the model domain.
[2698]	867	k = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2696]	868	IF ( k + pch_index_ji(j,i) >= nzt + 1 ) THEN
	869	message_string = 'Local vegetation height on top of ' // &
	870	'topography exceeds height of model domain.'
	871	CALL message( 'pcm_init', 'PA0999', 2, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	872	ENDIF
	873
	874	ENDDO
	875	ENDDO
	876
	877	CALL exchange_horiz_2d_int( pch_index_ji, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr, nbgp )
	878
	879	!
[2011]	880	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution due to heating
	881	!-- of the canopy layers by incoming solar radiation, in case that a non-zero
	882	!-- value is set for the canopy top heat flux (cthf), which equals the
	883	!-- available net radiation at canopy top.
	884	!-- The heat source distribution is calculated by a decaying exponential
	885	!-- function of the downward cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf),
	886	!-- assuming that the foliage inside the plant canopy is heated by solar
	887	!-- radiation penetrating the canopy layers according to the distribution
	888	!-- of net radiation as suggested by Brown & Covey (1966; Agric. Meteorol. 3,
	889	!-- 73â96). This approach has been applied e.g. by Shaw & Schumann (1992;
[2213]	890	!-- Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47â64).
	891	!-- When using the urban surface model (USM), canopy heating (pc_heating_rate)
	892	!-- by radiation is calculated in the USM.
[2768]	893	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp .AND. .NOT. urban_surface ) THEN
[2213]	894
	895	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
[3014]	896	pc_heating_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	897	pc_transpiration_rate(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1484]	898	!
[2011]	899	!-- Piecewise calculation of the cumulative leaf area index by vertical
[1484]	900	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	901	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	902	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	903	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	904	DO k = pch_index_ji(j,i)-1, 0, -1
	905	IF ( k == pch_index_ji(j,i)-1 ) THEN
[1484]	906	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	907	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	908	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	909	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	910	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	911	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	912	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	913	ELSE
	914	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	915	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	916	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	917	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	918	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	919	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	920	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	921	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	922	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	923	ENDIF
	924	ENDDO
	925	ENDDO
	926	ENDDO
	927
[2232]	928	!
	929	!-- In areas with canopy the surface value of the canopy heat
	930	!-- flux distribution overrides the surface heat flux (shf)
	931	!-- Start with default surface type
	932	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
	933	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
	934	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	935	surf_def_h(0)%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	936	ENDDO
[1484]	937	!
[2232]	938	!-- Natural surfaces
	939	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
	940	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
	941	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	942	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	943	ENDDO
	944	!
	945	!-- Urban surfaces
	946	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
	947	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
	948	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) &
	949	surf_usm_h%shf(m) = cthf * exp( -ext_coef * cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) )
	950	ENDDO
	951	!
	952	!
[2011]	953	!-- Calculation of the heating rate (K/s) within the different layers of
[2232]	954	!-- the plant canopy. Calculation is only necessary in areas covered with
	955	!-- canopy.
	956	!-- Within the different canopy layers the plant-canopy heating
	957	!-- rate (pc_heating_rate) is calculated as the vertical
	958	!-- divergence of the canopy heat fluxes at the top and bottom
	959	!-- of the respective layer
[1484]	960	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	961	DO j = nysg, nyng
[2696]	962	DO k = 1, pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	963	IF ( cum_lai_hf(0,j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	964	pc_heating_rate(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	965	( exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k,j,i)) - &
	966	exp(-ext_coef*cum_lai_hf(k-1,j,i) ) ) / dzw(k)
	967	ENDIF
	968	ENDDO
[1721]	969	ENDDO
	970	ENDDO
[1484]	971
	972	ENDIF
	973
	974
	975
[1826]	976	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	977
	978
[2007]	979	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	980	! Description:
	981	! ------------
[2932]	982	!> Parin for &plant_canopy_parameters for plant canopy model
[2007]	983	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	984	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
[1484]	985
[2746]	986	USE control_parameters, &
[2932]	987	ONLY: message_string, plant_canopy
[2007]	988
	989	IMPLICIT NONE
	990
	991	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	992
[2932]	993	NAMELIST /plant_canopy_parameters/ &
	994	alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	995	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	996	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2932]	997	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	998	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	999	lai_beta, &
	1000	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	1001	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	1002
[2007]	1003	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	1004	canopy_mode, cthf, &
[2977]	1005	lad_surface, lad_type_coef, &
[2007]	1006	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	1007	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	1008	lai_beta, &
	1009	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	1010	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
[2932]	1011
[2007]	1012	line = ' '
	1013
	1014	!
	1015	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	1016	REWIND ( 11 )
	1017	line = ' '
[2932]	1018	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&plant_canopy_parameters' ) == 0 )
[2007]	1019	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	1020	ENDDO
	1021	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1022
	1023	!
	1024	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[2932]	1025	READ ( 11, plant_canopy_parameters )
	1026
	1027	!
	1028	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1029	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1030
	1031	GOTO 12
	1032	!
	1033	!-- Try to find old namelist
	1034	10 REWIND ( 11 )
	1035	line = ' '
	1036	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	1037	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=12 ) line
	1038	ENDDO
	1039	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	1040
	1041	!
	1042	!-- Read user-defined namelist
[2007]	1043	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	1044
[2932]	1045	message_string = 'namelist canopy_par is deprecated and will be ' // &
	1046	'removed in near future. Please &use namelist ' // &
	1047	'plant_canopy_parameters instead'
	1048	CALL message( 'pcm_parin', 'PA0487', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
	1049
[2007]	1050	!
	1051	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	1052	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	1053
[2932]	1054	12 CONTINUE
[2007]	1055
	1056
	1057	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	1058
	1059
	1060
[1484]	1061	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1062	! Description:
	1063	! ------------
[2007]	1064	!
	1065	!> Loads 3D plant canopy data from file. File format is as follows:
	1066	!>
	1067	!> num_levels
[2977]	1068	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1069	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
	1070	!> dtype,x,y,pctype,value(nzb),value(nzb+1), ... ,value(nzb+num_levels-1)
[2007]	1071	!> ...
	1072	!>
	1073	!> i.e. first line determines number of levels and further lines represent plant
	1074	!> canopy data, one line per column and variable. In each data line,
	1075	!> dtype represents variable to be set:
	1076	!>
	1077	!> dtype=1: leaf area density (lad_s)
[2213]	1078	!> dtype=2....n: some additional plant canopy input data quantity
[2007]	1079	!>
	1080	!> Zeros are added automatically above num_levels until top of domain. Any
	1081	!> non-specified (x,y) columns have zero values as default.
	1082	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1083	SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
[2213]	1084
	1085	USE control_parameters, &
[2892]	1086	ONLY: coupling_char, message_string, passive_scalar
[2007]	1087
[2213]	1088	USE indices, &
	1089	ONLY: nbgp
	1090
	1091	IMPLICIT NONE
[2007]	1092
[2213]	1093	INTEGER(iwp) :: dtype !< type of input data (1=lad)
[2977]	1094	INTEGER(iwp) :: pctype !< type of plant canopy (deciduous,non-deciduous,...)
[2213]	1095	INTEGER(iwp) :: i, j !< running index
	1096	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzp !< number of vertical layers of plant canopy
	1097	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpltop !<
	1098	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzpl !<
	1099
	1100	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: col !< vertical column of input data
[2007]	1101
[2213]	1102	!
	1103	!-- Initialize lad_s array
	1104	lad_s = 0.0_wp
	1105
	1106	!
	1107	!-- Open and read plant canopy input data
[2977]	1108	OPEN(152, FILE='PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D' // TRIM( coupling_char ), &
	1109	ACCESS='SEQUENTIAL', ACTION='READ', STATUS='OLD', &
	1110	FORM='FORMATTED', ERR=515)
	1111	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) nzp !< read first line = number of vertical layers
[2213]	1112
[2977]	1113	ALLOCATE( col(0:nzp-1) )
[2007]	1114
[2213]	1115	DO
[2977]	1116	READ(152, *, ERR=516, END=517) dtype, i, j, pctype, col(:)
	1117	IF ( i < nxlg .OR. i > nxrg .OR. j < nysg .OR. j > nyng ) CYCLE
	1118
	1119	SELECT CASE (dtype)
	1120	CASE( 1 ) !< leaf area density
[2213]	1121	!
[2977]	1122	!-- This is just the pure canopy layer assumed to be grounded to
	1123	!-- a flat domain surface. At locations where plant canopy sits
	1124	!-- on top of any kind of topography, the vertical plant column
	1125	!-- must be "lifted", which is done in SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency.
	1126	IF ( pctype < 0 .OR. pctype > 10 ) THEN !< incorrect plant canopy type
	1127	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Incorrect type of plant canopy. ' // &
	1128	'Allowed values 0 <= pctype <= 10, ' // &
	1129	'but pctype is ', pctype
	1130	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0349', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1131	ENDIF
	1132	lad_s(0:nzp-1,j,i) = col(0:nzp-1) * lad_type_coef(pctype)
	1133
	1134	CASE DEFAULT
	1135	WRITE(message_string, '(a,i2,a)') &
	1136	'Unknown record type in file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D: "', dtype, '"'
	1137	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0530', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1138	END SELECT
[2213]	1139	ENDDO
[2007]	1140
[2213]	1141	515 message_string = 'error opening file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1142	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0531', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2007]	1143
[2213]	1144	516 message_string = 'error reading file PLANT_CANOPY_DATA_3D'
	1145	CALL message( 'pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d', 'PA0532', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1146
	1147	517 CLOSE(152)
[2977]	1148	DEALLOCATE( col )
[2213]	1149
	1150	CALL exchange_horiz( lad_s, nbgp )
[2007]	1151
	1152	END SUBROUTINE pcm_read_plant_canopy_3d
	1153
	1154
	1155
	1156	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1157	! Description:
	1158	! ------------
[1682]	1159	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1160	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1161	!>
	1162	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1163	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1164	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1165	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1166	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1167	!>
	1168	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1169	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1170	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1171	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1172	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1173	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1174	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1175	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1176	!>
	1177	!>
	1178	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	1179	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1180	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	1181
	1182
[1320]	1183	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1184	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1185
	1186	USE kinds
	1187
[138]	1188	IMPLICIT NONE
	1189
[1682]	1190	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1191	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1192	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1193	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1194	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1195	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	1196
[1682]	1197	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1198	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1199	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1200	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1201	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1202	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1203
	1204
	1205	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1206
	1207	!
[1484]	1208	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	1209	SELECT CASE ( component )
	1210
	1211	!
	1212	!-- u-component
	1213	CASE ( 1 )
	1214	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	1215	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1216	!
	1217	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1218	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1219	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1220
[2232]	1221	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1222	!
	1223	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1224	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1225	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1226	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1227	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1228	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1229	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1230	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1231	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	1232	THEN
	1233	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1234	ENDIF
	1235
	1236	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1237	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1238	!
	1239	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1240	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1241	lad_local * &
	1242	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1243	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1244	v(k,j,i) + &
	1245	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1246	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1247	)**2 + &
	1248	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1249	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1250	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1251	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1252	)**2 &
	1253	) * &
	1254	u(k,j,i)
	1255
	1256	!
	1257	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1258	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1259	!
	1260	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1261	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1262	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1263	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1264	ELSE
	1265	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1266	ENDIF
	1267	!
	1268	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1269	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1270
[138]	1271	ENDDO
	1272	ENDDO
	1273	ENDDO
	1274
	1275	!
	1276	!-- v-component
	1277	CASE ( 2 )
	1278	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1279	DO j = nysv, nyn
[2232]	1280	!
	1281	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1282	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1283
[2696]	1284	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[1484]	1285
[2232]	1286	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1287	!
	1288	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1289	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	1290	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	1291	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	1292	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	1293	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	1294	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1295	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1296	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	1297	THEN
	1298	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1299	ENDIF
	1300
	1301	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1302	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1303	!
	1304	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1305	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1306	lad_local * &
	1307	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1308	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1309	u(k,j,i) + &
	1310	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1311	)**2 + &
	1312	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1313	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1314	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1315	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1316	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1317	)**2 &
	1318	) * &
	1319	v(k,j,i)
	1320
	1321	!
	1322	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1323	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1324	!
	1325	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1326	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1327	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1328	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1329	ELSE
	1330	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1331	ENDIF
	1332	!
	1333	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1334	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1335
[138]	1336	ENDDO
	1337	ENDDO
	1338	ENDDO
	1339
	1340	!
	1341	!-- w-component
	1342	CASE ( 3 )
	1343	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1344	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1345	!
	1346	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1347	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1348
[2696]	1349	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[1484]	1350
[2232]	1351	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1352
[1484]	1353	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1354	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	1355	!
	1356	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1357	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1358	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1359	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1360	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1361	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1362	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1363	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1364	)**2 + &
	1365	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1366	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1367	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1368	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1369	)**2 + &
	1370	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1371	) * &
	1372	w(k,j,i)
	1373	!
	1374	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1375	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1376	!
	1377	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1378	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1379	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1380	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1381	ELSE
	1382	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1383	ENDIF
	1384	!
	1385	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1386	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1387
[138]	1388	ENDDO
	1389	ENDDO
	1390	ENDDO
	1391
	1392	!
[153]	1393	!-- potential temperature
[138]	1394	CASE ( 4 )
	1395	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1396	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1397	!
	1398	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1399	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1400
[2696]	1401	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1402
	1403	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1404	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1405	ENDDO
	1406	ENDDO
	1407	ENDDO
	1408
	1409	!
[1960]	1410	!-- humidity
[153]	1411	CASE ( 5 )
	1412	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1413	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1414	!
	1415	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1416	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1417
[2696]	1418	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1419
	1420	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[3014]	1421	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1422	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1423	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1424	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1425	)**2 + &
	1426	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1427	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1428	)**2 + &
	1429	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1430	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1431	)**2 &
	1432	) * &
	1433	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[3014]	1434
	1435	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1436	ENDDO
	1437	ENDDO
	1438	ENDDO
	1439
	1440	!
	1441	!-- sgs-tke
	1442	CASE ( 6 )
	1443	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1444	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1445	!
	1446	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1447	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1448
[2696]	1449	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1450
	1451	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1452	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1453	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1454	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1455	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1456	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1457	)**2 + &
	1458	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1459	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1460	)**2 + &
	1461	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1462	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1463	)**2 &
	1464	) * &
	1465	e(k,j,i)
[138]	1466	ENDDO
	1467	ENDDO
	1468	ENDDO
[1960]	1469	!
	1470	!-- scalar concentration
	1471	CASE ( 7 )
	1472	DO i = nxl, nxr
	1473	DO j = nys, nyn
[2232]	1474	!
	1475	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar-grid
[2698]	1476	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1477
[2696]	1478	DO k = k_wall+1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1479
	1480	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1960]	1481	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1482	lsec * &
	1483	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1484	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1485	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1486	)**2 + &
	1487	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1488	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1489	)**2 + &
	1490	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1491	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1492	)**2 &
	1493	) * &
	1494	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1495	ENDDO
	1496	ENDDO
	1497	ENDDO
[1484]	1498
	1499
[1960]	1500
[138]	1501	CASE DEFAULT
	1502
[257]	1503	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1504	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1505
	1506	END SELECT
	1507
[1826]	1508	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	1509
	1510
	1511	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	1512	! Description:
	1513	! ------------
[1682]	1514	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	1515	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	1516	!>
	1517	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	1518	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	1519	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	1520	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	1521	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	1522	!>
	1523	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	1524	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	1525	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	1526	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	1527	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	1528	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	1529	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	1530	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	1531	!>
	1532	!>
	1533	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	1534	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	1535	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	1536
	1537
[1320]	1538	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	1539	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	1540
	1541	USE kinds
	1542
[138]	1543	IMPLICIT NONE
	1544
[1682]	1545	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	1546	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1547	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1548	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[2232]	1549	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< vertical index of topography top
[1721]	1550	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	1551
[1682]	1552	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	1553	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	1554	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	1555	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	1556	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	1557	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	1558
	1559
	1560	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	1561	!
[1484]	1562	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	1563	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	1564
	1565	!
[142]	1566	!-- u-component
[1484]	1567	CASE ( 1 )
[2232]	1568	!
	1569	!-- Determine topography-top index on u-grid
[2698]	1570	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'u' )
[2696]	1571	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2317]	1572
[2696]	1573	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1574
	1575	!
[1484]	1576	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1577	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1578	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1579	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1580	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1581	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	1582	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1583	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1584	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1585	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	1586	ENDIF
	1587
	1588	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1589	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1590	!
	1591	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1592	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1593	lad_local * &
	1594	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1595	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1596	v(k,j,i) + &
	1597	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1598	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1599	)**2 + &
	1600	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1601	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1602	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1603	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1604	)**2 &
	1605	) * &
	1606	u(k,j,i)
	1607
	1608	!
	1609	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1610	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1611	!
	1612	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1613	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1614	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1615	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1616	ELSE
	1617	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1618	ENDIF
	1619	!
	1620	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1621	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1622	ENDDO
	1623
	1624
	1625	!
[142]	1626	!-- v-component
[1484]	1627	CASE ( 2 )
[2232]	1628	!
	1629	!-- Determine topography-top index on v-grid
[2698]	1630	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'v' )
[2317]	1631
[2696]	1632	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[138]	1633
[2232]	1634	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1635	!
[1484]	1636	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1637	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1638	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1639	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1640	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1641	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1642	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1643	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1644	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1645	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1646	ENDIF
	1647
	1648	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1649	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1650	!
	1651	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1652	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1653	lad_local * &
	1654	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1655	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1656	u(k,j,i) + &
	1657	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1658	)**2 + &
	1659	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1660	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1661	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1662	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1663	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1664	)**2 &
	1665	) * &
	1666	v(k,j,i)
	1667
	1668	!
	1669	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1670	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1671	!
	1672	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1673	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1674	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1675	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1676	ELSE
	1677	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1678	ENDIF
	1679	!
	1680	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1681	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1682	ENDDO
	1683
	1684
	1685	!
[142]	1686	!-- w-component
[1484]	1687	CASE ( 3 )
[2232]	1688	!
	1689	!-- Determine topography-top index on w-grid
[2698]	1690	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 'w' )
[2317]	1691
[2696]	1692	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i) - 1
[138]	1693
[2232]	1694	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1721]	1695
[1484]	1696	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1697	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1698	!
[1484]	1699	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1700	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1701	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1702	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1703	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1704	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1705	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1706	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1707	)**2 + &
	1708	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1709	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1710	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1711	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1712	)**2 + &
	1713	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1714	) * &
	1715	w(k,j,i)
	1716	!
	1717	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1718	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1719	!
	1720	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1721	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1722	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1723	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1724	ELSE
	1725	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1726	ENDIF
	1727	!
	1728	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1729	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1730	ENDDO
	1731
	1732	!
[153]	1733	!-- potential temperature
	1734	CASE ( 4 )
[2232]	1735	!
	1736	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1737	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1738
[2696]	1739	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1740	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2011]	1741	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_heating_rate(kk,j,i)
[153]	1742	ENDDO
	1743
	1744
	1745	!
[1960]	1746	!-- humidity
[153]	1747	CASE ( 5 )
[2232]	1748	!
	1749	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1750	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1751
[2696]	1752	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[3014]	1753	kk = k - k_wall !- lad arrays are defined flat
[2232]	1754
[3014]	1755	pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i) = - lsec &
	1756	* lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1757	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1758	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1759	)**2 + &
	1760	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1761	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1762	)**2 + &
	1763	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1764	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1765	)**2 &
	1766	) * &
	1767	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[3014]	1768
	1769	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pc_transpiration_rate(kk,j,i)
	1770
[153]	1771	ENDDO
	1772
	1773	!
[142]	1774	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1775	CASE ( 6 )
[2232]	1776	!
	1777	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1778	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1779
[2696]	1780	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1781
	1782	kk = k - k_wall
[1484]	1783	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1784	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1785	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1786	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1787	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1788	)**2 + &
	1789	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1790	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1791	)**2 + &
	1792	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1793	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1794	)**2 &
	1795	) * &
	1796	e(k,j,i)
	1797	ENDDO
[1960]	1798
	1799	!
	1800	!-- scalar concentration
	1801	CASE ( 7 )
[2232]	1802	!
	1803	!-- Determine topography-top index on scalar grid
[2698]	1804	k_wall = get_topography_top_index_ji( j, i, 's' )
[2317]	1805
[2696]	1806	DO k = k_wall + 1, k_wall + pch_index_ji(j,i)
[2232]	1807
	1808	kk = k - k_wall
[1960]	1809	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1810	lsec * &
	1811	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
	1812	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1813	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1814	)**2 + &
	1815	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1816	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1817	)**2 + &
	1818	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1819	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1820	)**2 &
	1821	) * &
	1822	( s(k,j,i) - lsc )
	1823	ENDDO
[138]	1824
[142]	1825	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1826
[257]	1827	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1828	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1829
[142]	1830	END SELECT
[138]	1831
[1826]	1832	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1833
[2007]	1834
	1835
[138]	1836	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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