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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 @ 1954

Last change on this file since 1954 was 1954, checked in by suehring, 8 years ago
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[1826]	1	!> @file plant_canopy_model_mod.f90
[1036]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
	6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
	7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	8	!
	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	12	!
	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	15	!
[1818]	16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1036]	17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	18	!
[257]	19	! Current revisions:
[138]	20	! -----------------
[1827]	21	!
[1954]	22	!
[1485]	23	! Former revisions:
	24	! -----------------
	25	! $Id: plant_canopy_model_mod.f90 1954 2016-06-21 09:29:30Z suehring $
	26	!
[1954]	27	! 1953 2016-06-21 09:28:42Z suehring
	28	! Bugfix, lad_s and lad must be public
	29	!
[1827]	30	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
	31	! Further modularization
	32	!
[1722]	33	! 1721 2015-11-16 12:56:48Z raasch
	34	! bugfixes: shf is reduced in areas covered with canopy only,
	35	! canopy is set on top of topography
	36	!
[1683]	37	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	38	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	39	!
[1485]	40	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
[1484]	41	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
	42	! module plant_canopy_model_mod now contains a subroutine for the
[1826]	43	! initialization of the canopy model (pcm_init),
[1484]	44	! limitation of the canopy drag (previously accounted for by calculation of
	45	! a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	46	! in subroutine timestep) is now realized by the calculation of pre-tendencies
[1826]	47	! and preliminary velocities in subroutine pcm_tendency,
	48	! some redundant MPI communication removed in subroutine pcm_init
[1484]	49	! (was previously in init_3d_model),
	50	! unnecessary 3d-arrays lad_u, lad_v, lad_w removed - lad information on the
	51	! respective grid is now provided only by lad_s (e.g. in the calculation of
	52	! the tendency terms or of cum_lai_hf),
	53	! drag_coefficient, lai, leaf_surface_concentration,
	54	! scalar_exchange_coefficient, sec and sls renamed to canopy_drag_coeff,
	55	! cum_lai_hf, leaf_surface_conc, leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, lsec and lsc,
	56	! respectively,
	57	! unnecessary 3d-arrays cdc, lsc and lsec now defined as single-value constants,
	58	! USE-statements and ONLY-lists modified accordingly
[1341]	59	!
	60	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
	61	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
	62	!
[1321]	63	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	64	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	65	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	66	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	67	! old module precision_kind is removed,
	68	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	69	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	70	! all variable declaration statements
[153]	71	!
[1037]	72	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	73	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	74	!
[139]	75	! 138 2007-11-28 10:03:58Z letzel
	76	! Initial revision
	77	!
[138]	78	! Description:
	79	! ------------
[1682]	80	!> 1) Initialization of the canopy model, e.g. construction of leaf area density
[1826]	81	!> profile (subroutine pcm_init).
[1682]	82	!> 2) Calculation of sinks and sources of momentum, heat and scalar concentration
[1826]	83	!> due to canopy elements (subroutine pcm_tendency).
[138]	84	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	85	MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod
	86
[1484]	87	USE arrays_3d, &
	88	ONLY: dzu, dzw, e, q, shf, tend, u, v, w, zu, zw
[138]	89
[1484]	90	USE indices, &
	91	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxlu, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nysv, &
	92	nz, nzb, nzb_s_inner, nzb_u_inner, nzb_v_inner, nzb_w_inner, nzt
	93
	94	USE kinds
	95
	96
	97	IMPLICIT NONE
	98
	99
[1682]	100	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: canopy_mode = 'block' !< canopy coverage
[1484]	101
[1682]	102	INTEGER(iwp) :: pch_index = 0 !< plant canopy height/top index
[1484]	103	INTEGER(iwp) :: &
[1682]	104	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(10) = -9999 !< lad-profile levels (index)
[1484]	105
[1682]	106	LOGICAL :: calc_beta_lad_profile = .FALSE. !< switch for calc. of lad from beta func.
	107	LOGICAL :: plant_canopy = .FALSE. !< switch for use of canopy model
[1484]	108
[1682]	109	REAL(wp) :: alpha_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	110	REAL(wp) :: beta_lad = 9999999.9_wp !< coefficient for lad calculation
	111	REAL(wp) :: canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coefficient (parameter)
	112	REAL(wp) :: cdc = 0.0_wp !< canopy drag coeff. (abbreviation used in equations)
	113	REAL(wp) :: cthf = 0.0_wp !< canopy top heat flux
	114	REAL(wp) :: dt_plant_canopy = 0.0_wp !< timestep account. for canopy drag
	115	REAL(wp) :: lad_surface = 0.0_wp !< lad surface value
	116	REAL(wp) :: lai_beta = 0.0_wp !< leaf area index (lai) for lad calc.
[1484]	117	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	118	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff = 0.0_wp !< canopy scalar exchange coeff.
[1484]	119	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	120	leaf_surface_conc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
	121	REAL(wp) :: lsec = 0.0_wp !< leaf scalar exchange coeff.
	122	REAL(wp) :: lsc = 0.0_wp !< leaf surface concentration
[1484]	123
	124	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	125	lad_vertical_gradient(10) = 0.0_wp !< lad gradient
[1484]	126	REAL(wp) :: &
[1682]	127	lad_vertical_gradient_level(10) = -9999999.9_wp !< lad-prof. levels (in m)
[1484]	128
[1682]	129	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad !< leaf area density
	130	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pre_lad !< preliminary lad
[1484]	131
	132	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1682]	133	canopy_heat_flux !< canopy heat flux
	134	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: cum_lai_hf !< cumulative lai for heatflux calc.
	135	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: lad_s !< lad on scalar-grid
[1484]	136
	137
	138	SAVE
	139
	140
[138]	141	PRIVATE
[1826]	142
	143	!
	144	!-- Public functions
	145	PUBLIC pcm_check_parameters, pcm_header, pcm_init, pcm_parin, pcm_tendency
[138]	146
[1826]	147	!
	148	!-- Public variables and constants
[1953]	149	PUBLIC canopy_mode, cthf, dt_plant_canopy, lad, lad_s, plant_canopy
[1484]	150
	151
[1826]	152	INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	153	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_check_parameters
	154	END INTERFACE pcm_check_parameters
	155
	156	INTERFACE pcm_header
	157	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_header
	158	END INTERFACE pcm_header
	159
	160	INTERFACE pcm_init
	161	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_init
	162	END INTERFACE pcm_init
[138]	163
[1826]	164	INTERFACE pcm_parin
	165	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_parin
	166	END INTERFACE pcm_parin
	167
	168	INTERFACE pcm_tendency
	169	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency
	170	MODULE PROCEDURE pcm_tendency_ij
	171	END INTERFACE pcm_tendency
[1484]	172
	173
[138]	174	CONTAINS
	175
[1826]	176
	177	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	178	! Description:
	179	! ------------
	180	!> Check parameters routine for plant canopy model
	181	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	182	SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
[138]	183
[1826]	184	USE control_parameters, &
	185	ONLY: cloud_physics, message_string, microphysics_seifert
	186
	187
	188	IMPLICIT NONE
	189
	190
	191	IF ( canopy_drag_coeff == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	192	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires a non-zero drag '// &
	193	'coefficient & given value is canopy_drag_coeff = 0.0'
	194	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0041', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	195	ENDIF
	196
	197	IF ( ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) .OR.&
	198	beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. alpha_lad == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	199	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	200	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	201	'both alpha_lad and beta_lad to be /= 9999999.9'
	202	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0118', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	203	ENDIF
	204
	205	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lai_beta == 0.0_wp ) THEN
	206	message_string = 'using the beta function for the construction ' // &
	207	'of the leaf area density profile requires ' // &
	208	'a non-zero lai_beta, but given value is ' // &
	209	'lai_beta = 0.0'
	210	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0119', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	211	ENDIF
	212
	213	IF ( calc_beta_lad_profile .AND. lad_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	214	message_string = 'simultaneous setting of alpha_lad /= 9999999.9' // &
	215	'and lad_surface /= 0.0 is not possible, ' // &
	216	'use either vertical gradients or the beta ' // &
	217	'function for the construction of the leaf area '// &
	218	'density profile'
	219	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0120', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	220	ENDIF
	221
	222	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
	223	message_string = 'plant_canopy = .TRUE. requires cloud_scheme /=' // &
	224	' seifert_beheng'
	225	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0360', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	226	ENDIF
	227
	228
	229	END SUBROUTINE pcm_check_parameters
	230
	231
[138]	232	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	233	! Description:
	234	! ------------
[1826]	235	!> Header output for plant canopy model
	236	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	237	SUBROUTINE pcm_header ( io )
	238
	239	USE control_parameters, &
	240	ONLY: dz, passive_scalar
	241
	242
	243	IMPLICIT NONE
	244
	245	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !<
	246
	247	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: coordinates !<
	248	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: gradients !<
	249	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: leaf_area_density !<
	250	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: slices !<
	251
	252	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	253	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
	254	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
	255
	256	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height (in m)
	257
	258	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	259
	260	WRITE ( io, 1 ) canopy_mode, canopy_height, pch_index, &
	261	canopy_drag_coeff
	262	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
	263	WRITE ( io, 2 ) leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	264	leaf_surface_conc
	265	ENDIF
	266
	267	!
	268	!-- Heat flux at the top of vegetation
	269	WRITE ( io, 3 ) cthf
	270
	271	!
	272	!-- Leaf area density profile, calculated either from given vertical
	273	!-- gradients or from beta probability density function.
	274	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	275
	276	!-- Building output strings, starting with surface value
	277	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	278	gradients = '------'
	279	slices = ' 0'
	280	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	281	i = 1
	282	DO WHILE ( i < 11 .AND. lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) &
	283	/= -9999 )
	284
	285	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i))
	286	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	287	TRIM( coor_chr )
	288
	289	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	290	gradients = TRIM( gradients ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	291
	292	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I7)') lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i)
	293	slices = TRIM( slices ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	294
	295	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') lad_vertical_gradient_level(i)
	296	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	297
	298	i = i + 1
	299	ENDDO
	300
	301	WRITE ( io, 4 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	302	TRIM( gradients ), TRIM( slices )
	303
	304	ELSE
	305
	306	WRITE ( leaf_area_density, '(F7.4)' ) lad_surface
	307	coordinates = ' 0.0'
	308
	309	DO k = 1, pch_index
	310
	311	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.2)') lad(k)
	312	leaf_area_density = TRIM( leaf_area_density ) // ' ' // &
	313	TRIM( coor_chr )
	314
	315	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F7.1)') zu(k)
	316	coordinates = TRIM( coordinates ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
	317
	318	ENDDO
	319
	320	WRITE ( io, 5 ) TRIM( coordinates ), TRIM( leaf_area_density ), &
	321	alpha_lad, beta_lad, lai_beta
	322
	323	ENDIF
	324
	325	1 FORMAT (//' Vegetation canopy (drag) model:'/ &
	326	' ------------------------------'// &
	327	' Canopy mode: ', A / &
	328	' Canopy height: ',F6.2,'m (',I4,' grid points)' / &
	329	' Leaf drag coefficient: ',F6.2 /)
	330	2 FORMAT (/ ' Scalar exchange coefficient: ',F6.2 / &
	331	' Scalar concentration at leaf surfaces in kg/m**3: ',F6.2 /)
	332	3 FORMAT (' Predefined constant heatflux at the top of the vegetation: ',F6.2, &
	333	' K m/s')
	334	4 FORMAT (/ ' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density:'// &
	335	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	336	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	337	' Gradient: ',A,' m2/m4'/ &
	338	' Gridpoint: ',A)
	339	5 FORMAT (//' Characteristic levels of the leaf area density and coefficients:'&
	340	// ' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
	341	' Leaf area density: ',A,' m2/m3'/ &
	342	' Coefficient alpha: ',F6.2 / &
	343	' Coefficient beta: ',F6.2 / &
	344	' Leaf area index: ',F6.2,' m2/m2' /)
	345
	346	END SUBROUTINE pcm_header
	347
	348
	349	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	350	! Description:
	351	! ------------
[1682]	352	!> Initialization of the plant canopy model
[138]	353	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	354	SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	355
	356
	357	USE control_parameters, &
	358	ONLY: dz, ocean, passive_scalar
	359
	360
	361	IMPLICIT NONE
	362
[1682]	363	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	364	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	365	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1484]	366
[1682]	367	REAL(wp) :: int_bpdf !< vertical integral for lad-profile construction
	368	REAL(wp) :: dzh !< vertical grid spacing in units of canopy height
	369	REAL(wp) :: gradient !< gradient for lad-profile construction
	370	REAL(wp) :: canopy_height !< canopy height for lad-profile construction
[1484]	371
	372	!
	373	!-- Allocate one-dimensional arrays for the computation of the
	374	!-- leaf area density (lad) profile
	375	ALLOCATE( lad(0:nz+1), pre_lad(0:nz+1) )
	376	lad = 0.0_wp
	377	pre_lad = 0.0_wp
	378
	379	!
[1826]	380	!-- Set flag that indicates that the lad-profile shall be calculated by using
	381	!-- a beta probability density function
	382	IF ( alpha_lad /= 9999999.9_wp .AND. beta_lad /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	383	calc_beta_lad_profile = .TRUE.
	384	ENDIF
	385
	386
	387	!
[1484]	388	!-- Compute the profile of leaf area density used in the plant
	389	!-- canopy model. The profile can either be constructed from
	390	!-- prescribed vertical gradients of the leaf area density or by
	391	!-- using a beta probability density function (see e.g. Markkanen et al.,
	392	!-- 2003: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 106, 437-459)
	393	IF ( .NOT. calc_beta_lad_profile ) THEN
	394
	395	!
	396	!-- Use vertical gradients for lad-profile construction
	397	i = 1
	398	gradient = 0.0_wp
	399
	400	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
	401
	402	lad(0) = lad_surface
	403	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(1) = 0
	404
	405	DO k = 1, pch_index
	406	IF ( i < 11 ) THEN
	407	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) < zu(k) .AND. &
	408	lad_vertical_gradient_level(i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	409	gradient = lad_vertical_gradient(i)
	410	lad_vertical_gradient_level_ind(i) = k - 1
	411	i = i + 1
	412	ENDIF
	413	ENDIF
	414	IF ( gradient /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	415	IF ( k /= 1 ) THEN
	416	lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * gradient
	417	ELSE
	418	lad(k) = lad_surface + dzu(k) * gradient
	419	ENDIF
	420	ELSE
	421	lad(k) = lad(k-1)
	422	ENDIF
	423	ENDDO
	424
	425	ENDIF
	426
	427	!
	428	!-- In case of no given leaf area density gradients, choose a vanishing
	429	!-- gradient. This information is used for the HEADER and the RUN_CONTROL
	430	!-- file.
	431	IF ( lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) == -9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	432	lad_vertical_gradient_level(1) = 0.0_wp
	433	ENDIF
	434
	435	ELSE
	436
	437	!
	438	!-- Use beta function for lad-profile construction
	439	int_bpdf = 0.0_wp
	440	canopy_height = pch_index * dz
	441
	442	DO k = nzb, pch_index
	443	int_bpdf = int_bpdf + &
[1826]	444	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )*( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	445	( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	446	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	447	* ( ( zw(k+1)-zw(k) ) / canopy_height ) )
[1484]	448	ENDDO
	449
	450	!
	451	!-- Preliminary lad profile (defined on w-grid)
	452	DO k = nzb, pch_index
[1826]	453	pre_lad(k) = lai_beta * &
	454	( ( ( zw(k) / canopy_height )**( alpha_lad-1.0_wp ) ) &
	455	* ( ( 1.0_wp - ( zw(k) / canopy_height ) )**( &
	456	beta_lad-1.0_wp ) ) / int_bpdf &
	457	) / canopy_height
[1484]	458	ENDDO
	459
	460	!
	461	!-- Final lad profile (defined on scalar-grid level, since most prognostic
	462	!-- quantities are defined there, hence, less interpolation is required
	463	!-- when calculating the canopy tendencies)
	464	lad(0) = pre_lad(0)
	465	DO k = nzb+1, pch_index
	466	lad(k) = 0.5 * ( pre_lad(k-1) + pre_lad(k) )
	467	ENDDO
	468
	469	ENDIF
	470
	471	!
	472	!-- Allocate 3D-array for the leaf area density (lad_s). In case of a
	473	!-- prescribed canopy-top heat flux (cthf), allocate 3D-arrays for
	474	!-- the cumulative leaf area index (cum_lai_hf) and the canopy heat flux.
	475	ALLOCATE( lad_s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	476
	477	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	478	ALLOCATE( cum_lai_hf(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	479	canopy_heat_flux(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	480	ENDIF
	481
	482	!
	483	!-- Initialize canopy parameters cdc (canopy drag coefficient),
	484	!-- lsec (leaf scalar exchange coefficient), lsc (leaf surface concentration)
	485	!-- with the prescribed values
	486	cdc = canopy_drag_coeff
	487	lsec = leaf_scalar_exch_coeff
	488	lsc = leaf_surface_conc
	489
	490	!
	491	!-- Initialization of the canopy coverage in the model domain:
	492	!-- Setting the parameter canopy_mode = 'block' initializes a canopy, which
	493	!-- fully covers the domain surface
	494	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( canopy_mode ) )
	495
	496	CASE( 'block' )
	497
	498	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	499	DO j = nysg, nyng
	500	lad_s(:,j,i) = lad(:)
	501	ENDDO
	502	ENDDO
	503
	504	CASE DEFAULT
	505
	506	!
	507	!-- The DEFAULT case is reached either if the parameter
	508	!-- canopy mode contains a wrong character string or if the
	509	!-- user has coded a special case in the user interface.
	510	!-- There, the subroutine user_init_plant_canopy checks
	511	!-- which of these two conditions applies.
	512	CALL user_init_plant_canopy
	513
	514	END SELECT
	515
	516	!
	517	!-- Initialization of the canopy heat source distribution
	518	IF ( cthf /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
	519	!
	520	!-- Piecewise calculation of the leaf area index by vertical
	521	!-- integration of the leaf area density
	522	cum_lai_hf(:,:,:) = 0.0_wp
	523	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	524	DO j = nysg, nyng
	525	DO k = pch_index-1, 0, -1
	526	IF ( k == pch_index-1 ) THEN
	527	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	528	( 0.5_wp * lad_s(k+1,j,i) * &
	529	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	530	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	531	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	532	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	533	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	534	ELSE
	535	cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) = cum_lai_hf(k+1,j,i) + &
	536	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+2,j,i) + &
	537	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) + &
	538	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	539	( zw(k+1) - zu(k+1) ) ) + &
	540	( 0.5_wp * ( 0.5_wp * ( lad_s(k+1,j,i) + &
	541	lad_s(k,j,i) ) + &
	542	lad_s(k+1,j,i) ) * &
	543	( zu(k+1) - zw(k) ) )
	544	ENDIF
	545	ENDDO
	546	ENDDO
	547	ENDDO
	548
	549	!
	550	!-- Calculation of the upward kinematic vertical heat flux within the
	551	!-- canopy
	552	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	553	DO j = nysg, nyng
	554	DO k = 0, pch_index
	555	canopy_heat_flux(k,j,i) = cthf * &
	556	exp( -0.6_wp * cum_lai_hf(k,j,i) )
	557	ENDDO
	558	ENDDO
	559	ENDDO
	560
	561	!
[1721]	562	!-- In areas covered with canopy, the surface heat flux is set to
	563	!-- the surface value of the above calculated in-canopy heat flux
	564	!-- distribution
	565	DO i = nxlg,nxrg
	566	DO j = nysg, nyng
	567	IF ( canopy_heat_flux(0,j,i) /= cthf ) THEN
	568	shf(j,i) = canopy_heat_flux(0,j,i)
	569	ENDIF
	570	ENDDO
	571	ENDDO
[1484]	572
	573	ENDIF
	574
	575
	576
[1826]	577	END SUBROUTINE pcm_init
[1484]	578
	579
	580
	581	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	582	! Description:
	583	! ------------
[1682]	584	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	585	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	586	!>
	587	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	588	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	589	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	590	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	591	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	592	!>
	593	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	594	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	595	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	596	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	597	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	598	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	599	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	600	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	601	!>
	602	!>
	603	!> Call for all grid points
[1484]	604	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	605	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency( component )
[138]	606
	607
[1320]	608	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	609	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	610
	611	USE kinds
	612
[138]	613	IMPLICIT NONE
	614
[1682]	615	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	616	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	617	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	618	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	619	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[1484]	620
[1682]	621	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	622	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	623	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	624	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	625	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	626	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	627
	628
	629	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
[138]	630
	631	!
[1484]	632	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE:
[138]	633	SELECT CASE ( component )
	634
	635	!
	636	!-- u-component
	637	CASE ( 1 )
	638	DO i = nxlu, nxr
	639	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	640	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_u_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[1484]	641
[1721]	642	kk = k - nzb_u_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	643	!
	644	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	645	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	646	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	647	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	648	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	649	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	650	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	651	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	652	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp )&
	653	THEN
	654	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	655	ENDIF
	656
	657	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	658	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	659	!
	660	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	661	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	662	lad_local * &
	663	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	664	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	665	v(k,j,i) + &
	666	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	667	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	668	)**2 + &
	669	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	670	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	671	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	672	w(k,j,i) ) &
	673	)**2 &
	674	) * &
	675	u(k,j,i)
	676
	677	!
	678	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	679	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	680	!
	681	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	682	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	683	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	684	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	685	ELSE
	686	pre_tend = pre_tend
	687	ENDIF
	688	!
	689	!-- Calculate final tendency
	690	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	691
[138]	692	ENDDO
	693	ENDDO
	694	ENDDO
	695
	696	!
	697	!-- v-component
	698	CASE ( 2 )
	699	DO i = nxl, nxr
	700	DO j = nysv, nyn
[1721]	701	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_v_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[1484]	702
[1721]	703	kk = k - nzb_v_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	704	!
	705	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	706	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to
	707	!-- lad_s(k,j,i), rather than being interpolated from the
	708	!-- surrounding lad_s, because this would yield smaller lad
	709	!-- at the canopy boundaries than inside of the canopy.
	710	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1) canopy
	711	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	712	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	713	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp )&
	714	THEN
	715	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	716	ENDIF
	717
	718	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	719	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	720	!
	721	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	722	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	723	lad_local * &
	724	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	725	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	726	u(k,j,i) + &
	727	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	728	)**2 + &
	729	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	730	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	731	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	732	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	733	w(k,j,i) ) &
	734	)**2 &
	735	) * &
	736	v(k,j,i)
	737
	738	!
	739	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	740	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	741	!
	742	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	743	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	744	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	745	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	746	ELSE
	747	pre_tend = pre_tend
	748	ENDIF
	749	!
	750	!-- Calculate final tendency
	751	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	752
[138]	753	ENDDO
	754	ENDDO
	755	ENDDO
	756
	757	!
	758	!-- w-component
	759	CASE ( 3 )
	760	DO i = nxl, nxr
	761	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	762	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_w_inner(j,i)+pch_index-1
[1484]	763
[1721]	764	kk = k - nzb_w_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	765
[1484]	766	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	767	pre_w = 0.0_wp
	768	!
	769	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	770	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	771	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	772	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	773	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	774	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	775	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	776	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	777	)**2 + &
	778	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	779	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	780	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	781	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	782	)**2 + &
	783	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	784	) * &
	785	w(k,j,i)
	786	!
	787	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	788	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	789	!
	790	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	791	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	792	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	793	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	794	ELSE
	795	pre_tend = pre_tend
	796	ENDIF
	797	!
	798	!-- Calculate final tendency
	799	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	800
[138]	801	ENDDO
	802	ENDDO
	803	ENDDO
	804
	805	!
[153]	806	!-- potential temperature
[138]	807	CASE ( 4 )
	808	DO i = nxl, nxr
	809	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	810	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	811	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	812	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + &
[1721]	813	( canopy_heat_flux(kk,j,i) - &
	814	canopy_heat_flux(kk-1,j,i) ) / dzw(k)
[153]	815	ENDDO
	816	ENDDO
	817	ENDDO
	818
	819	!
	820	!-- scalar concentration
	821	CASE ( 5 )
	822	DO i = nxl, nxr
	823	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	824	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	825	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	826	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	827	lsec * &
[1721]	828	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	829	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	830	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	831	)**2 + &
	832	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	833	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	834	)**2 + &
	835	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	836	w(k,j,i) ) &
	837	)**2 &
	838	) * &
	839	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	840	ENDDO
	841	ENDDO
	842	ENDDO
	843
	844	!
	845	!-- sgs-tke
	846	CASE ( 6 )
	847	DO i = nxl, nxr
	848	DO j = nys, nyn
[1721]	849	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	850	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	851	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	852	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	853	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	854	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	855	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	856	)**2 + &
	857	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	858	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	859	)**2 + &
	860	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	861	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	862	)**2 &
	863	) * &
	864	e(k,j,i)
[138]	865	ENDDO
	866	ENDDO
	867	ENDDO
[1484]	868
	869
[138]	870	CASE DEFAULT
	871
[257]	872	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	873	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	874
	875	END SELECT
	876
[1826]	877	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency
[138]	878
	879
	880	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1484]	881	! Description:
	882	! ------------
[1826]	883	!> Parin for &canopy_par for plant canopy model
	884	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	885	SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	886
	887
	888	IMPLICIT NONE
	889
	890	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
	891
	892	NAMELIST /canopy_par/ alpha_lad, beta_lad, canopy_drag_coeff, &
	893	canopy_mode, cthf, &
	894	lad_surface, &
	895	lad_vertical_gradient, &
	896	lad_vertical_gradient_level, &
	897	lai_beta, &
	898	leaf_scalar_exch_coeff, &
	899	leaf_surface_conc, pch_index
	900
	901	line = ' '
	902
	903	!
	904	!-- Try to find radiation model package
	905	REWIND ( 11 )
	906	line = ' '
	907	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&canopy_par' ) == 0 )
	908	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
	909	ENDDO
	910	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
	911
	912	!
	913	!-- Read user-defined namelist
	914	READ ( 11, canopy_par )
	915
	916	!
	917	!-- Set flag that indicates that the radiation model is switched on
	918	plant_canopy = .TRUE.
	919
	920	10 CONTINUE
	921
	922
	923	END SUBROUTINE pcm_parin
	924
	925
	926
	927	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	928	! Description:
	929	! ------------
[1682]	930	!> Calculation of the tendency terms, accounting for the effect of the plant
	931	!> canopy on momentum and scalar quantities.
	932	!>
	933	!> The canopy is located where the leaf area density lad_s(k,j,i) > 0.0
[1826]	934	!> (defined on scalar grid), as initialized in subroutine pcm_init.
[1682]	935	!> The lad on the w-grid is vertically interpolated from the surrounding
	936	!> lad_s. The upper boundary of the canopy is defined on the w-grid at
	937	!> k = pch_index. Here, the lad is zero.
	938	!>
	939	!> The canopy drag must be limited (previously accounted for by calculation of
	940	!> a limiting canopy timestep for the determination of the maximum LES timestep
	941	!> in subroutine timestep), since it is physically impossible that the canopy
	942	!> drag alone can locally change the sign of a velocity component. This
	943	!> limitation is realized by calculating preliminary tendencies and velocities.
	944	!> It is subsequently checked if the preliminary new velocity has a different
	945	!> sign than the current velocity. If so, the tendency is limited in a way that
	946	!> the velocity can at maximum be reduced to zero by the canopy drag.
	947	!>
	948	!>
	949	!> Call for grid point i,j
[138]	950	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1826]	951	SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij( i, j, component )
[138]	952
	953
[1320]	954	USE control_parameters, &
[1484]	955	ONLY: dt_3d, message_string
[1320]	956
	957	USE kinds
	958
[138]	959	IMPLICIT NONE
	960
[1682]	961	INTEGER(iwp) :: component !< prognostic variable (u,v,w,pt,q,e)
	962	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	963	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	964	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1721]	965	INTEGER(iwp) :: kk !< running index for flat lad arrays
[138]	966
[1682]	967	REAL(wp) :: ddt_3d !< inverse of the LES timestep (dt_3d)
	968	REAL(wp) :: lad_local !< local lad value
	969	REAL(wp) :: pre_tend !< preliminary tendency
	970	REAL(wp) :: pre_u !< preliminary u-value
	971	REAL(wp) :: pre_v !< preliminary v-value
	972	REAL(wp) :: pre_w !< preliminary w-value
[1484]	973
	974
	975	ddt_3d = 1.0_wp / dt_3d
	976
[138]	977	!
[1484]	978	!-- Compute drag for the three velocity components and the SGS-TKE
[142]	979	SELECT CASE ( component )
[138]	980
	981	!
[142]	982	!-- u-component
[1484]	983	CASE ( 1 )
[1721]	984	DO k = nzb_u_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_u_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[138]	985
[1721]	986	kk = k - nzb_u_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	987	!
[1484]	988	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	989	!-- the lad on the u-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	990	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	991	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	992	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	993	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the rightmost(i+1)canopy
	994	!-- boundary on the u-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	995	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	996	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j,i-1) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	997	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i-1)
[1484]	998	ENDIF
	999
	1000	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1001	pre_u = 0.0_wp
	1002	!
	1003	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1004	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1005	lad_local * &
	1006	SQRT( u(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1007	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i-1) + &
	1008	v(k,j,i) + &
	1009	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1010	v(k,j+1,i-1) ) &
	1011	)**2 + &
	1012	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i-1) + &
	1013	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1014	w(k,j,i-1) + &
	1015	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1016	)**2 &
	1017	) * &
	1018	u(k,j,i)
	1019
	1020	!
	1021	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1022	pre_u = u(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1023	!
	1024	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1025	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1026	IF ( SIGN(pre_u,u(k,j,i)) /= pre_u ) THEN
	1027	pre_tend = - u(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1028	ELSE
	1029	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1030	ENDIF
	1031	!
	1032	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1033	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1034	ENDDO
	1035
	1036
	1037	!
[142]	1038	!-- v-component
[1484]	1039	CASE ( 2 )
[1721]	1040	DO k = nzb_v_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_v_inner(j,i)+pch_index
[138]	1041
[1721]	1042	kk = k - nzb_v_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[138]	1043	!
[1484]	1044	!-- In order to create sharp boundaries of the plant canopy,
	1045	!-- the lad on the v-grid at index (k,j,i) is equal to lad_s(k,j,i),
	1046	!-- rather than being interpolated from the surrounding lad_s,
	1047	!-- because this would yield smaller lad at the canopy boundaries
	1048	!-- than inside of the canopy.
	1049	!-- For the same reason, the lad at the northmost(j+1)canopy
	1050	!-- boundary on the v-grid equals lad_s(k,j,i).
[1721]	1051	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j,i)
	1052	IF ( lad_local == 0.0_wp .AND. lad_s(kk,j-1,i) > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1053	lad_local = lad_s(kk,j-1,i)
[1484]	1054	ENDIF
	1055
	1056	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1057	pre_v = 0.0_wp
	1058	!
	1059	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1060	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1061	lad_local * &
	1062	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j-1,i) + &
	1063	u(k,j-1,i+1) + &
	1064	u(k,j,i) + &
	1065	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1066	)**2 + &
	1067	v(k,j,i)**2 + &
	1068	( 0.25_wp * ( w(k-1,j-1,i) + &
	1069	w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1070	w(k,j-1,i) + &
	1071	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1072	)**2 &
	1073	) * &
	1074	v(k,j,i)
	1075
	1076	!
	1077	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1078	pre_v = v(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1079	!
	1080	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1081	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1082	IF ( SIGN(pre_v,v(k,j,i)) /= pre_v ) THEN
	1083	pre_tend = - v(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1084	ELSE
	1085	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1086	ENDIF
	1087	!
	1088	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1089	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1090	ENDDO
	1091
	1092
	1093	!
[142]	1094	!-- w-component
[1484]	1095	CASE ( 3 )
[1721]	1096	DO k = nzb_w_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_w_inner(j,i)+pch_index-1
[138]	1097
[1721]	1098	kk = k - nzb_w_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
	1099
[1484]	1100	pre_tend = 0.0_wp
	1101	pre_w = 0.0_wp
[138]	1102	!
[1484]	1103	!-- Calculate preliminary value (pre_tend) of the tendency
	1104	pre_tend = - cdc * &
	1105	(0.5_wp * &
[1721]	1106	( lad_s(kk+1,j,i) + lad_s(kk,j,i) )) * &
[1484]	1107	SQRT( ( 0.25_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1108	u(k,j,i+1) + &
	1109	u(k+1,j,i) + &
	1110	u(k+1,j,i+1) ) &
	1111	)**2 + &
	1112	( 0.25_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1113	v(k,j+1,i) + &
	1114	v(k+1,j,i) + &
	1115	v(k+1,j+1,i) ) &
	1116	)**2 + &
	1117	w(k,j,i)**2 &
	1118	) * &
	1119	w(k,j,i)
	1120	!
	1121	!-- Calculate preliminary new velocity, based on pre_tend
	1122	pre_w = w(k,j,i) + dt_3d * pre_tend
	1123	!
	1124	!-- Compare sign of old velocity and new preliminary velocity,
	1125	!-- and in case the signs are different, limit the tendency
	1126	IF ( SIGN(pre_w,w(k,j,i)) /= pre_w ) THEN
	1127	pre_tend = - w(k,j,i) * ddt_3d
	1128	ELSE
	1129	pre_tend = pre_tend
	1130	ENDIF
	1131	!
	1132	!-- Calculate final tendency
	1133	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + pre_tend
	1134	ENDDO
	1135
	1136	!
[153]	1137	!-- potential temperature
	1138	CASE ( 4 )
[1721]	1139	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1140	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1141	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) + &
[1721]	1142	( canopy_heat_flux(kk,j,i) - &
	1143	canopy_heat_flux(kk-1,j,i) ) / dzw(k)
[153]	1144	ENDDO
	1145
	1146
	1147	!
	1148	!-- scalar concentration
	1149	CASE ( 5 )
[1721]	1150	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1151	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1152	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1153	lsec * &
[1721]	1154	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1155	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1156	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1157	)**2 + &
	1158	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1159	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1160	)**2 + &
	1161	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k-1,j,i) + &
	1162	w(k,j,i) ) &
	1163	)**2 &
	1164	) * &
	1165	( q(k,j,i) - lsc )
[153]	1166	ENDDO
	1167
	1168	!
[142]	1169	!-- sgs-tke
[1484]	1170	CASE ( 6 )
[1721]	1171	DO k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)+1, nzb_s_inner(j,i)+pch_index
	1172	kk = k - nzb_s_inner(j,i) !- lad arrays are defined flat
[1484]	1173	tend(k,j,i) = tend(k,j,i) - &
	1174	2.0_wp * cdc * &
[1721]	1175	lad_s(kk,j,i) * &
[1484]	1176	SQRT( ( 0.5_wp * ( u(k,j,i) + &
	1177	u(k,j,i+1) ) &
	1178	)**2 + &
	1179	( 0.5_wp * ( v(k,j,i) + &
	1180	v(k,j+1,i) ) &
	1181	)**2 + &
	1182	( 0.5_wp * ( w(k,j,i) + &
	1183	w(k+1,j,i) ) &
	1184	)**2 &
	1185	) * &
	1186	e(k,j,i)
	1187	ENDDO
[138]	1188
[142]	1189	CASE DEFAULT
[138]	1190
[257]	1191	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'wrong component: ', component
[1826]	1192	CALL message( 'pcm_tendency', 'PA0279', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[138]	1193
[142]	1194	END SELECT
[138]	1195
[1826]	1196	END SUBROUTINE pcm_tendency_ij
[138]	1197
	1198	END MODULE plant_canopy_model_mod

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