1 | !> @file microphysics_mod.f90 |
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2 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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3 | ! This file is part of PALM. |
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4 | ! |
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5 | ! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the |
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6 | ! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software |
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7 | ! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later |
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8 | ! version. |
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9 | ! |
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10 | ! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY |
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11 | ! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR |
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12 | ! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. |
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13 | ! |
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14 | ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with |
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15 | ! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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16 | ! |
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17 | ! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover |
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18 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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19 | ! |
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20 | ! Current revisions: |
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21 | ! ------------------ |
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22 | ! |
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23 | ! |
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24 | ! Former revisions: |
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25 | ! ----------------- |
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26 | ! $Id: microphysics_mod.f90 2522 2017-10-05 14:20:37Z Giersch $ |
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27 | ! Minor bugfix |
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28 | ! |
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29 | ! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel |
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30 | ! Improved aerosol initilization and some minor bugfixes |
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31 | ! for droplet sedimenation |
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32 | ! |
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33 | ! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring |
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34 | ! Get topography top index via Function call |
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35 | ! |
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36 | ! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring |
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37 | ! s1 changed to log_sigma |
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38 | ! |
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39 | ! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel |
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40 | ! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison' |
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41 | ! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc) |
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42 | ! and cloud water content (qc). |
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43 | ! - The process of activation is parameterized with a simple Twomey |
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44 | ! activion scheme or with considering solution and curvature |
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45 | ! effects (Khvorostyanov and Curry ,2006). |
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46 | ! - The saturation adjustment scheme is replaced by the parameterization |
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47 | ! of condensation rates (Khairoutdinov and Kogan, 2000, Mon. Wea. Rev.,128). |
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48 | ! - All other microphysical processes of Seifert and Beheng are used. |
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49 | ! Additionally, in those processes the reduction of cloud number concentration |
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50 | ! is considered. |
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51 | ! |
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52 | ! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring |
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53 | ! |
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54 | ! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring |
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55 | ! Adjustments to new topography and surface concept |
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56 | ! |
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57 | ! 2155 2017-02-21 09:57:40Z hoffmann |
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58 | ! Bugfix in the calculation of microphysical quantities on ghost points. |
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59 | ! |
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60 | ! 2031 2016-10-21 15:11:58Z knoop |
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61 | ! renamed variable rho to rho_ocean |
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62 | ! |
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63 | ! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop |
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64 | ! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns |
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65 | ! |
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66 | ! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga |
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67 | ! Module renamed |
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68 | ! Adapted for modularization of microphysics. |
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69 | ! |
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70 | ! 1845 2016-04-08 08:29:13Z raasch |
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71 | ! nzb_2d replaced by nzb_s_inner, Kessler precipitation is stored at surface |
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72 | ! point (instead of one point above surface) |
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73 | ! |
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74 | ! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann |
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75 | ! turbulence renamed collision_turbulence, |
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76 | ! drizzle renamed cloud_water_sedimentation. cloud_water_sedimentation also |
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77 | ! avaialble for microphysics_kessler. |
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78 | ! |
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79 | ! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann |
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80 | ! Unused variables removed. |
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81 | ! Kessler scheme integrated. |
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82 | ! |
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83 | ! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga |
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84 | ! Added new routine calc_precipitation_amount. The routine now allows to account |
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85 | ! for precipitation due to sedimenation of cloud (fog) droplets |
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86 | ! |
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87 | ! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop |
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88 | ! Code annotations made doxygen readable |
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89 | ! |
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90 | ! 1646 2015-09-02 16:00:10Z hoffmann |
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91 | ! Bugfix: Wrong computation of d_mean. |
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92 | ! |
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93 | ! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann |
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94 | ! Bugfix in sedimentation_rain: Index corrected. |
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95 | ! Vectorized version of adjust_cloud added. |
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96 | ! Little reformatting of the code. |
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97 | ! |
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98 | ! 1353 2014-04-08 15:21:23Z heinze |
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99 | ! REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute |
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100 | ! |
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101 | ! 1346 2014-03-27 13:18:20Z heinze |
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102 | ! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute especially in call of |
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103 | ! intrinsic function like MAX, MIN, SIGN |
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104 | ! |
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105 | ! 1334 2014-03-25 12:21:40Z heinze |
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106 | ! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute |
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107 | ! |
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108 | ! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch |
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109 | ! REAL constants defined as wp-kind |
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110 | ! |
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111 | ! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch |
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112 | ! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements, |
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113 | ! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements, |
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114 | ! kinds are defined in new module kinds, |
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115 | ! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to |
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116 | ! all variable declaration statements |
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117 | ! |
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118 | ! 1241 2013-10-30 11:36:58Z heinze |
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119 | ! hyp and rho_ocean have to be calculated at each time step if data from external |
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120 | ! file LSF_DATA are used |
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121 | ! |
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122 | ! 1115 2013-03-26 18:16:16Z hoffmann |
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123 | ! microphyical tendencies are calculated in microphysics_control in an optimized |
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124 | ! way; unrealistic values are prevented; bugfix in evaporation; some reformatting |
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125 | ! |
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126 | ! 1106 2013-03-04 05:31:38Z raasch |
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127 | ! small changes in code formatting |
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128 | ! |
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129 | ! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch |
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130 | ! unused variables removed |
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131 | ! file put under GPL |
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132 | ! |
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133 | ! 1065 2012-11-22 17:42:36Z hoffmann |
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134 | ! Sedimentation process implemented according to Stevens and Seifert (2008). |
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135 | ! Turbulence effects on autoconversion and accretion added (Seifert, Nuijens |
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136 | ! and Stevens, 2010). |
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137 | ! |
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138 | ! 1053 2012-11-13 17:11:03Z hoffmann |
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139 | ! initial revision |
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140 | ! |
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141 | ! Description: |
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142 | ! ------------ |
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143 | !> Calculate bilk cloud microphysics. |
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144 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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145 | MODULE microphysics_mod |
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146 | |
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147 | USE kinds |
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148 | |
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149 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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150 | |
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151 | LOGICAL :: cloud_water_sedimentation = .FALSE. !< cloud water sedimentation |
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152 | LOGICAL :: curvature_solution_effects_bulk = .FALSE. !< flag for considering koehler theory |
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153 | LOGICAL :: limiter_sedimentation = .TRUE. !< sedimentation limiter |
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154 | LOGICAL :: collision_turbulence = .FALSE. !< turbulence effects |
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155 | LOGICAL :: ventilation_effect = .TRUE. !< ventilation effect |
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156 | |
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157 | REAL(wp) :: a_1 = 8.69E-4_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (cm-2 s3) |
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158 | REAL(wp) :: a_2 = -7.38E-5_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (cm-2 s3) |
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159 | REAL(wp) :: a_3 = -1.40E-2_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization |
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160 | REAL(wp) :: a_term = 9.65_wp !< coef. for terminal velocity (m s-1) |
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161 | REAL(wp) :: a_vent = 0.78_wp !< coef. for ventilation effect |
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162 | REAL(wp) :: b_1 = 11.45E-6_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (m) |
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163 | REAL(wp) :: b_2 = 9.68E-6_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (m) |
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164 | REAL(wp) :: b_3 = 0.62_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization |
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165 | REAL(wp) :: b_term = 9.8_wp !< coef. for terminal velocity (m s-1) |
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166 | REAL(wp) :: b_vent = 0.308_wp !< coef. for ventilation effect |
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167 | REAL(wp) :: beta_cc = 3.09E-4_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (cm-2 s3) |
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168 | REAL(wp) :: c_1 = 4.82E-6_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (m) |
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169 | REAL(wp) :: c_2 = 4.8E-6_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (m) |
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170 | REAL(wp) :: c_3 = 0.76_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization |
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171 | REAL(wp) :: c_const = 0.93_wp !< const. in Taylor-microscale Reynolds number |
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172 | REAL(wp) :: c_evap = 0.7_wp !< constant in evaporation |
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173 | REAL(wp) :: c_term = 600.0_wp !< coef. for terminal velocity (m-1) |
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174 | REAL(wp) :: diff_coeff_l = 0.23E-4_wp !< diffusivity of water vapor (m2 s-1) |
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175 | REAL(wp) :: eps_sb = 1.0E-10_wp !< threshold in two-moments scheme |
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176 | REAL(wp) :: eps_mr = 0.0_wp !< threshold for morrison scheme |
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177 | REAL(wp) :: k_cc = 9.44E09_wp !< const. cloud-cloud kernel (m3 kg-2 s-1) |
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178 | REAL(wp) :: k_cr0 = 4.33_wp !< const. cloud-rain kernel (m3 kg-1 s-1) |
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179 | REAL(wp) :: k_rr = 7.12_wp !< const. rain-rain kernel (m3 kg-1 s-1) |
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180 | REAL(wp) :: k_br = 1000.0_wp !< const. in breakup parametrization (m-1) |
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181 | REAL(wp) :: k_st = 1.2E8_wp !< const. in drizzle parametrization (m-1 s-1) |
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182 | REAL(wp) :: kappa_rr = 60.7_wp !< const. in collision kernel (kg-1/3) |
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183 | REAL(wp) :: kin_vis_air = 1.4086E-5_wp !< kin. viscosity of air (m2 s-1) |
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184 | REAL(wp) :: prec_time_const = 0.001_wp !< coef. in Kessler scheme (s-1) |
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185 | REAL(wp) :: ql_crit = 0.0005_wp !< coef. in Kessler scheme (kg kg-1) |
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186 | REAL(wp) :: schmidt_p_1d3=0.8921121_wp !< Schmidt number**0.33333, 0.71**0.33333 |
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187 | REAL(wp) :: sigma_gc = 1.3_wp !< geometric standard deviation cloud droplets |
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188 | REAL(wp) :: thermal_conductivity_l = 2.43E-2_wp !< therm. cond. air (J m-1 s-1 K-1) |
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189 | REAL(wp) :: w_precipitation = 9.65_wp !< maximum terminal velocity (m s-1) |
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190 | REAL(wp) :: x0 = 2.6E-10_wp !< separating drop mass (kg) |
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191 | REAL(wp) :: xamin = 5.24E-19_wp !< average aerosol mass (kg) (~ 0.05µm) |
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192 | REAL(wp) :: xcmin = 4.18E-15_wp !< minimum cloud drop size (kg) (~ 1µm) |
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193 | REAL(wp) :: xcmax = 2.6E-10_wp !< maximum cloud drop size (kg) (~ 40µm) |
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194 | REAL(wp) :: xrmin = 2.6E-10_wp !< minimum rain drop size (kg) |
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195 | REAL(wp) :: xrmax = 5.0E-6_wp !< maximum rain drop site (kg) |
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196 | |
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197 | REAL(wp) :: c_sedimentation = 2.0_wp !< Courant number of sedimentation process |
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198 | REAL(wp) :: dpirho_l !< 6.0 / ( pi * rho_l ) |
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199 | REAL(wp) :: dry_aerosol_radius = 0.05E-6_wp !< dry aerosol radius |
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200 | REAL(wp) :: dt_micro !< microphysics time step |
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201 | REAL(wp) :: sigma_bulk = 2.0_wp !< width of aerosol spectrum |
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202 | REAL(wp) :: na_init = 100.0E6_wp !< Total particle/aerosol concentration (cm-3) |
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203 | REAL(wp) :: nc_const = 70.0E6_wp !< cloud droplet concentration |
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204 | REAL(wp) :: dt_precipitation = 100.0_wp !< timestep precipitation (s) |
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205 | REAL(wp) :: sed_qc_const !< const. for sedimentation of cloud water |
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206 | REAL(wp) :: pirho_l !< pi * rho_l / 6.0; |
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207 | |
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208 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nc_1d !< |
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209 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nr_1d !< |
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210 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pt_1d !< |
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211 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: qc_1d !< |
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212 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: qr_1d !< |
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213 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: q_1d !< |
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214 | |
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215 | SAVE |
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216 | |
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217 | PRIVATE |
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218 | PUBLIC microphysics_control, microphysics_init |
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219 | |
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220 | PUBLIC cloud_water_sedimentation, collision_turbulence, & |
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221 | curvature_solution_effects_bulk, c_sedimentation, & |
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222 | dry_aerosol_radius, dt_precipitation, & |
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223 | limiter_sedimentation, na_init, nc_const, sigma_gc, sigma_bulk, & |
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224 | ventilation_effect |
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225 | |
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226 | |
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227 | INTERFACE microphysics_control |
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228 | MODULE PROCEDURE microphysics_control |
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229 | MODULE PROCEDURE microphysics_control_ij |
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230 | END INTERFACE microphysics_control |
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231 | |
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232 | INTERFACE adjust_cloud |
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233 | MODULE PROCEDURE adjust_cloud |
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234 | MODULE PROCEDURE adjust_cloud_ij |
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235 | END INTERFACE adjust_cloud |
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236 | |
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237 | INTERFACE activation |
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238 | MODULE PROCEDURE activation |
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239 | MODULE PROCEDURE activation_ij |
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240 | END INTERFACE activation |
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241 | |
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242 | INTERFACE condensation |
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243 | MODULE PROCEDURE condensation |
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244 | MODULE PROCEDURE condensation_ij |
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245 | END INTERFACE condensation |
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246 | |
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247 | INTERFACE autoconversion |
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248 | MODULE PROCEDURE autoconversion |
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249 | MODULE PROCEDURE autoconversion_ij |
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250 | END INTERFACE autoconversion |
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251 | |
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252 | INTERFACE autoconversion_kessler |
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253 | MODULE PROCEDURE autoconversion_kessler |
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254 | MODULE PROCEDURE autoconversion_kessler_ij |
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255 | END INTERFACE autoconversion_kessler |
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256 | |
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257 | INTERFACE accretion |
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258 | MODULE PROCEDURE accretion |
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259 | MODULE PROCEDURE accretion_ij |
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260 | END INTERFACE accretion |
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261 | |
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262 | INTERFACE selfcollection_breakup |
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263 | MODULE PROCEDURE selfcollection_breakup |
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264 | MODULE PROCEDURE selfcollection_breakup_ij |
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265 | END INTERFACE selfcollection_breakup |
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266 | |
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267 | INTERFACE evaporation_rain |
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268 | MODULE PROCEDURE evaporation_rain |
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269 | MODULE PROCEDURE evaporation_rain_ij |
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270 | END INTERFACE evaporation_rain |
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271 | |
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272 | INTERFACE sedimentation_cloud |
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273 | MODULE PROCEDURE sedimentation_cloud |
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274 | MODULE PROCEDURE sedimentation_cloud_ij |
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275 | END INTERFACE sedimentation_cloud |
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276 | |
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277 | INTERFACE sedimentation_rain |
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278 | MODULE PROCEDURE sedimentation_rain |
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279 | MODULE PROCEDURE sedimentation_rain_ij |
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280 | END INTERFACE sedimentation_rain |
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281 | |
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282 | INTERFACE calc_precipitation_amount |
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283 | MODULE PROCEDURE calc_precipitation_amount |
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284 | MODULE PROCEDURE calc_precipitation_amount_ij |
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285 | END INTERFACE calc_precipitation_amount |
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286 | |
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287 | CONTAINS |
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288 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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289 | ! Description: |
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290 | ! ------------ |
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291 | !> Initialization of bulk microphysics |
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292 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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293 | SUBROUTINE microphysics_init |
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294 | |
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295 | USE arrays_3d, & |
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296 | ONLY: dzu |
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297 | |
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298 | USE constants, & |
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299 | ONLY: pi |
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300 | |
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301 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
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302 | ONLY: molecular_weight_of_solute, rho_l, rho_s, vanthoff |
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303 | |
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304 | USE control_parameters, & |
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305 | ONLY: aerosol_nacl, aerosol_c3h4o4 , aerosol_nh4no3, & |
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306 | microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert |
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307 | |
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308 | USE indices, & |
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309 | ONLY: nzb, nzt |
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310 | |
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311 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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312 | |
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313 | ! |
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314 | !-- constant for the sedimentation of cloud water (2-moment cloud physics) |
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315 | sed_qc_const = k_st * ( 3.0_wp / ( 4.0_wp * pi * rho_l ) & |
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316 | )**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
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317 | EXP( 5.0_wp * LOG( sigma_gc )**2 ) |
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318 | |
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319 | ! |
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320 | !-- Calculate timestep according to precipitation |
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321 | IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
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322 | dt_precipitation = c_sedimentation * MINVAL( dzu(nzb+2:nzt) ) / & |
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323 | w_precipitation |
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324 | ENDIF |
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325 | |
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326 | ! |
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327 | !-- Set constants for certain aerosol type |
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328 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
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329 | IF ( aerosol_nacl ) THEN |
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330 | molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp |
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331 | rho_s = 2165.0_wp |
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332 | vanthoff = 2.0_wp |
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333 | ELSEIF ( aerosol_c3h4o4 ) THEN |
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334 | molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp |
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335 | rho_s = 1600.0_wp |
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336 | vanthoff = 1.37_wp |
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337 | ELSEIF ( aerosol_nh4no3 ) THEN |
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338 | molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp |
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339 | rho_s = 1720.0_wp |
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340 | vanthoff = 2.31_wp |
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341 | ENDIF |
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342 | ENDIF |
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343 | |
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344 | ! |
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345 | !-- Pre-calculate frequently calculated fractions of pi and rho_l |
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346 | pirho_l = pi * rho_l / 6.0_wp |
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347 | dpirho_l = 1.0_wp / pirho_l |
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348 | |
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349 | ! |
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350 | !-- Allocate 1D microphysics arrays |
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351 | ALLOCATE ( pt_1d(nzb:nzt+1), q_1d(nzb:nzt+1), & |
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352 | qc_1d(nzb:nzt+1) ) |
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353 | |
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354 | IF ( microphysics_morrison .OR. microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
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355 | ALLOCATE ( nc_1d(nzb:nzt+1) ) |
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356 | ENDIF |
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357 | |
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358 | IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
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359 | ALLOCATE ( nr_1d(nzb:nzt+1), qr_1d(nzb:nzt+1) ) |
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360 | ENDIF |
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361 | |
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362 | END SUBROUTINE microphysics_init |
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363 | |
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364 | |
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365 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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366 | ! Description: |
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367 | ! ------------ |
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368 | !> Control of microphysics for all grid points |
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369 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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370 | SUBROUTINE microphysics_control |
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371 | |
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372 | USE arrays_3d, & |
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373 | ONLY: hyp, pt_init, prr, zu |
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374 | |
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375 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
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376 | ONLY: cp, hyrho, pt_d_t, r_d, t_d_pt |
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377 | |
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378 | USE control_parameters, & |
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379 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_3d, g, & |
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380 | intermediate_timestep_count, large_scale_forcing, & |
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381 | lsf_surf, microphysics_kessler, microphysics_morrison, & |
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382 | microphysics_seifert, pt_surface, & |
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383 | rho_surface,surface_pressure |
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384 | |
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385 | USE indices, & |
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386 | ONLY: nzb, nzt |
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387 | |
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388 | USE kinds |
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389 | |
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390 | USE statistics, & |
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391 | ONLY: weight_pres |
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392 | |
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393 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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394 | |
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395 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
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396 | |
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397 | REAL(wp) :: t_surface !< |
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398 | |
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399 | IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN |
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400 | ! |
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401 | !-- Calculate: |
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402 | !-- pt / t : ratio of potential and actual temperature (pt_d_t) |
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403 | !-- t / pt : ratio of actual and potential temperature (t_d_pt) |
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404 | !-- p_0(z) : vertical profile of the hydrostatic pressure (hyp) |
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405 | t_surface = pt_surface * ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp |
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406 | DO k = nzb, nzt+1 |
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407 | hyp(k) = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp * & |
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408 | ( ( t_surface - g / cp * zu(k) ) / & |
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409 | t_surface )**(1.0_wp / 0.286_wp) |
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410 | pt_d_t(k) = ( 100000.0_wp / hyp(k) )**0.286_wp |
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411 | t_d_pt(k) = 1.0_wp / pt_d_t(k) |
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412 | hyrho(k) = hyp(k) / ( r_d * t_d_pt(k) * pt_init(k) ) |
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413 | ENDDO |
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414 | |
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415 | ! |
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416 | !-- Compute reference density |
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417 | rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * t_surface ) |
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418 | ENDIF |
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419 | |
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420 | ! |
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421 | !-- Compute length of time step |
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422 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
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423 | dt_micro = dt_3d * weight_pres(intermediate_timestep_count) |
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424 | ELSE |
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425 | dt_micro = dt_3d |
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426 | ENDIF |
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427 | |
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428 | ! |
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429 | !-- Reset precipitation rate |
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430 | IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) prr = 0.0_wp |
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431 | |
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432 | ! |
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433 | !-- Compute cloud physics |
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434 | IF ( microphysics_kessler ) THEN |
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435 | |
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436 | CALL autoconversion_kessler |
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437 | IF ( cloud_water_sedimentation ) CALL sedimentation_cloud |
---|
438 | |
---|
439 | ELSEIF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
---|
440 | |
---|
441 | CALL adjust_cloud |
---|
442 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) CALL activation |
---|
443 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) CALL condensation |
---|
444 | CALL autoconversion |
---|
445 | CALL accretion |
---|
446 | CALL selfcollection_breakup |
---|
447 | CALL evaporation_rain |
---|
448 | CALL sedimentation_rain |
---|
449 | IF ( cloud_water_sedimentation ) CALL sedimentation_cloud |
---|
450 | |
---|
451 | ENDIF |
---|
452 | |
---|
453 | CALL calc_precipitation_amount |
---|
454 | |
---|
455 | END SUBROUTINE microphysics_control |
---|
456 | |
---|
457 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
458 | ! Description: |
---|
459 | ! ------------ |
---|
460 | !> Adjust number of raindrops to avoid nonlinear effects in sedimentation and |
---|
461 | !> evaporation of rain drops due to too small or too big weights |
---|
462 | !> of rain drops (Stevens and Seifert, 2008). |
---|
463 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
464 | SUBROUTINE adjust_cloud |
---|
465 | |
---|
466 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
467 | ONLY: qc, nc, qr, nr |
---|
468 | |
---|
469 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
470 | ONLY: hyrho |
---|
471 | |
---|
472 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
473 | ONLY: microphysics_morrison |
---|
474 | |
---|
475 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
476 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
477 | |
---|
478 | USE indices, & |
---|
479 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
480 | |
---|
481 | USE kinds |
---|
482 | |
---|
483 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
484 | |
---|
485 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
486 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
487 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
488 | |
---|
489 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(54), 'adjust_cloud', 'start' ) |
---|
490 | |
---|
491 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
---|
492 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
---|
493 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
494 | IF ( qr(k,j,i) <= eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
495 | qr(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
---|
496 | nr(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
---|
497 | ELSE |
---|
498 | IF ( nr(k,j,i) * xrmin > qr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
---|
499 | nr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) / xrmin * & |
---|
500 | MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, & |
---|
501 | BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
502 | ELSEIF ( nr(k,j,i) * xrmax < qr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
---|
503 | nr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) / xrmax * & |
---|
504 | MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, & |
---|
505 | BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
506 | ENDIF |
---|
507 | ENDIF |
---|
508 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
---|
509 | IF ( qc(k,j,i) <= eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
510 | qc(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
---|
511 | nc(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
---|
512 | ELSE |
---|
513 | IF ( nc(k,j,i) * xcmin > qc(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
---|
514 | nc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) / xcmin * & |
---|
515 | MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, & |
---|
516 | BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
517 | ENDIF |
---|
518 | ENDIF |
---|
519 | ENDIF |
---|
520 | ENDDO |
---|
521 | ENDDO |
---|
522 | ENDDO |
---|
523 | |
---|
524 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(54), 'adjust_cloud', 'stop' ) |
---|
525 | |
---|
526 | END SUBROUTINE adjust_cloud |
---|
527 | |
---|
528 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
529 | ! Description: |
---|
530 | ! ------------ |
---|
531 | !> Calculate number of activated condensation nucleii after simple activation |
---|
532 | !> scheme of Twomey, 1959. |
---|
533 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
534 | SUBROUTINE activation |
---|
535 | |
---|
536 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
537 | ONLY: hyp, nc, nr, pt, q, qc, qr |
---|
538 | |
---|
539 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
540 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, molecular_weight_of_solute, & |
---|
541 | molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, rho_s, r_v, t_d_pt, & |
---|
542 | vanthoff |
---|
543 | |
---|
544 | USE constants, & |
---|
545 | ONLY: pi |
---|
546 | |
---|
547 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
548 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
549 | |
---|
550 | USE indices, & |
---|
551 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng, nzb, nzt |
---|
552 | |
---|
553 | USE kinds |
---|
554 | |
---|
555 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
556 | ONLY: simulated_time |
---|
557 | |
---|
558 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
559 | |
---|
560 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
561 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
562 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
563 | |
---|
564 | REAL(wp) :: activ !< |
---|
565 | REAL(wp) :: afactor !< |
---|
566 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
---|
567 | REAL(wp) :: beta_act !< |
---|
568 | REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< |
---|
569 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
---|
570 | REAL(wp) :: k_act !< |
---|
571 | REAL(wp) :: n_act !< |
---|
572 | REAL(wp) :: n_ccn !< |
---|
573 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
---|
574 | REAL(wp) :: s_0 !< |
---|
575 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
---|
576 | REAL(wp) :: sat_max !< |
---|
577 | REAL(wp) :: sigma !< |
---|
578 | REAL(wp) :: sigma_act !< |
---|
579 | REAL(wp) :: t_int !< |
---|
580 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
---|
581 | |
---|
582 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(65), 'activation', 'start' ) |
---|
583 | |
---|
584 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
---|
585 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
---|
586 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
587 | |
---|
588 | ! |
---|
589 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
---|
590 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt(k,j,i) |
---|
591 | |
---|
592 | ! |
---|
593 | !-- Calculate actual temperature |
---|
594 | t_int = pt(k,j,i) * ( hyp(k) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp |
---|
595 | ! |
---|
596 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
---|
597 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
---|
598 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
---|
599 | ) |
---|
600 | ! |
---|
601 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
---|
602 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
---|
603 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
---|
604 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q(k,j,i) ) / & |
---|
605 | ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
---|
606 | |
---|
607 | !-- Supersaturation: |
---|
608 | sat = ( q(k,j,i) - qr(k,j,i) - qc(k,j,i) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
---|
609 | |
---|
610 | ! |
---|
611 | !-- Prescribe parameters for activation |
---|
612 | !-- (see: Bott + Trautmann, 2002, Atm. Res., 64) |
---|
613 | k_act = 0.7_wp |
---|
614 | activ = 0.0_wp |
---|
615 | |
---|
616 | |
---|
617 | IF ( sat > 0.0 .AND. .NOT. curvature_solution_effects_bulk ) THEN |
---|
618 | ! |
---|
619 | !-- Compute the number of activated Aerosols |
---|
620 | !-- (see: Twomey, 1959, Pure and applied Geophysics, 43) |
---|
621 | n_act = na_init * sat**k_act |
---|
622 | ! |
---|
623 | !-- Compute the number of cloud droplets |
---|
624 | !-- (see: Morrison + Grabowski, 2007, JAS, 64) |
---|
625 | ! activ = MAX( n_act - nc(k,j,i), 0.0_wp) / dt_micro |
---|
626 | |
---|
627 | ! |
---|
628 | !-- Compute activation rate after Khairoutdinov and Kogan |
---|
629 | !-- (see: Khairoutdinov + Kogan, 2000, Mon. Wea. Rev., 128) |
---|
630 | sat_max = 1.0_wp / 100.0_wp |
---|
631 | activ = MAX( 0.0_wp, ( (na_init + nc(k,j,i) ) * MIN & |
---|
632 | ( 1.0_wp, ( sat / sat_max )**k_act) - nc(k,j,i) ) ) / & |
---|
633 | dt_micro |
---|
634 | ELSEIF ( sat > 0.0 .AND. curvature_solution_effects_bulk ) THEN |
---|
635 | ! |
---|
636 | !-- Curvature effect (afactor) with surface tension |
---|
637 | !-- parameterization by Straka (2009) |
---|
638 | sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp ) |
---|
639 | afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int ) |
---|
640 | ! |
---|
641 | !-- Solute effect (bfactor) |
---|
642 | bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * & |
---|
643 | rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l ) |
---|
644 | |
---|
645 | ! |
---|
646 | !-- Prescribe power index that describes the soluble fraction |
---|
647 | !-- of an aerosol particle (beta) |
---|
648 | !-- (see: Morrison + Grabowski, 2007, JAS, 64) |
---|
649 | beta_act = 0.5_wp |
---|
650 | sigma_act = sigma_bulk**( 1.0_wp + beta_act ) |
---|
651 | ! |
---|
652 | !-- Calculate mean geometric supersaturation (s_0) with |
---|
653 | !-- parameterization by Khvorostyanov and Curry (2006) |
---|
654 | s_0 = dry_aerosol_radius **(- ( 1.0_wp + beta_act ) ) * & |
---|
655 | ( 4.0_wp * afactor**3 / ( 27.0_wp * bfactor ) )**0.5_wp |
---|
656 | |
---|
657 | ! |
---|
658 | !-- Calculate number of activated CCN as a function of |
---|
659 | !-- supersaturation and taking Koehler theory into account |
---|
660 | !-- (see: Khvorostyanov + Curry, 2006, J. Geo. Res., 111) |
---|
661 | n_ccn = ( na_init / 2.0_wp ) * ( 1.0_wp - ERF( & |
---|
662 | LOG( s_0 / sat ) / ( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(sigma_act) ) ) ) |
---|
663 | activ = MAX( ( n_ccn - nc(k,j,i) ) / dt_micro, 0.0_wp ) |
---|
664 | ENDIF |
---|
665 | |
---|
666 | nc(k,j,i) = MIN( (nc(k,j,i) + activ * dt_micro), na_init) |
---|
667 | |
---|
668 | ENDDO |
---|
669 | ENDDO |
---|
670 | ENDDO |
---|
671 | |
---|
672 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(65), 'activation', 'stop' ) |
---|
673 | |
---|
674 | END SUBROUTINE activation |
---|
675 | |
---|
676 | |
---|
677 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
678 | ! Description: |
---|
679 | ! ------------ |
---|
680 | !> Calculate condensation rate for cloud water content (after Khairoutdinov and |
---|
681 | !> Kogan, 2000). |
---|
682 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
683 | SUBROUTINE condensation |
---|
684 | |
---|
685 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
686 | ONLY: hyp, nr, pt, q, qc, qr, nc |
---|
687 | |
---|
688 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
689 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, r_v, t_d_pt |
---|
690 | |
---|
691 | USE constants, & |
---|
692 | ONLY: pi |
---|
693 | |
---|
694 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
695 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
696 | |
---|
697 | USE indices, & |
---|
698 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng, nzb, nzt |
---|
699 | |
---|
700 | USE kinds |
---|
701 | |
---|
702 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
703 | ONLY: simulated_time |
---|
704 | |
---|
705 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
706 | |
---|
707 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
708 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
709 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
710 | |
---|
711 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
---|
712 | REAL(wp) :: cond !< |
---|
713 | REAL(wp) :: cond_max !< |
---|
714 | REAL(wp) :: dc !< |
---|
715 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
---|
716 | REAL(wp) :: evap !< |
---|
717 | REAL(wp) :: evap_nc !< |
---|
718 | REAL(wp) :: g_fac !< |
---|
719 | REAL(wp) :: nc_0 !< |
---|
720 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
---|
721 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
---|
722 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
---|
723 | REAL(wp) :: temp !< |
---|
724 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
---|
725 | |
---|
726 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(66), 'condensation', 'start' ) |
---|
727 | |
---|
728 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
---|
729 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
---|
730 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
731 | ! |
---|
732 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
---|
733 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt(k,j,i) |
---|
734 | ! |
---|
735 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
---|
736 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
---|
737 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
---|
738 | ) |
---|
739 | ! |
---|
740 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
---|
741 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
---|
742 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
---|
743 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q(k,j,i) ) / & |
---|
744 | ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
---|
745 | |
---|
746 | !-- Supersaturation: |
---|
747 | sat = ( q(k,j,i) - qr(k,j,i) - qc(k,j,i) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
---|
748 | |
---|
749 | ! |
---|
750 | !-- Actual temperature: |
---|
751 | temp = t_l + l_d_cp * ( qc(k,j,i) + qr(k,j,i) ) |
---|
752 | |
---|
753 | g_fac = 1.0_wp / ( ( l_v / ( r_v * temp ) - 1.0_wp ) * & |
---|
754 | l_v / ( thermal_conductivity_l * temp ) & |
---|
755 | + r_v * temp / ( diff_coeff_l * e_s ) & |
---|
756 | ) |
---|
757 | ! |
---|
758 | !-- Mean weight of cloud drops |
---|
759 | IF ( nc(k,j,i) <= 0.0_wp) CYCLE |
---|
760 | xc = MAX( (hyrho(k) * qc(k,j,i) / nc(k,j,i)), xcmin) |
---|
761 | ! |
---|
762 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of cloud drops: |
---|
763 | dc = ( xc * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
764 | ! |
---|
765 | !-- Integral diameter of cloud drops |
---|
766 | nc_0 = nc(k,j,i) * dc |
---|
767 | ! |
---|
768 | !-- Condensation needs only to be calculated in supersaturated regions |
---|
769 | IF ( sat > 0.0_wp ) THEN |
---|
770 | ! |
---|
771 | !-- Condensation rate of cloud water content |
---|
772 | !-- after KK scheme. |
---|
773 | !-- (see: Khairoutdinov + Kogan, 2000, Mon. Wea. Rev.,128) |
---|
774 | cond = 2.0_wp * pi * nc_0 * g_fac * sat / hyrho(k) |
---|
775 | cond_max = q(k,j,i) - q_s - qc(k,j,i) - qr(k,j,i) |
---|
776 | cond = MIN( cond, cond_max / dt_micro ) |
---|
777 | |
---|
778 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) + cond * dt_micro |
---|
779 | ELSEIF ( sat < 0.0_wp ) THEN |
---|
780 | evap = 2.0_wp * pi * nc_0 * g_fac * sat / hyrho(k) |
---|
781 | evap = MAX( evap, -qc(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
---|
782 | |
---|
783 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) + evap * dt_micro |
---|
784 | ENDIF |
---|
785 | IF ( nc(k,j,i) * xcmin > qc(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
---|
786 | nc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) / xcmin |
---|
787 | ENDIF |
---|
788 | ENDDO |
---|
789 | ENDDO |
---|
790 | ENDDO |
---|
791 | |
---|
792 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(66), 'condensation', 'stop' ) |
---|
793 | |
---|
794 | END SUBROUTINE condensation |
---|
795 | |
---|
796 | |
---|
797 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
798 | ! Description: |
---|
799 | ! ------------ |
---|
800 | !> Autoconversion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006). |
---|
801 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
802 | SUBROUTINE autoconversion |
---|
803 | |
---|
804 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
805 | ONLY: diss, dzu, nc, nr, qc, qr |
---|
806 | |
---|
807 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
808 | ONLY: hyrho |
---|
809 | |
---|
810 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
811 | ONLY: microphysics_morrison, rho_surface |
---|
812 | |
---|
813 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
814 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
815 | |
---|
816 | USE grid_variables, & |
---|
817 | ONLY: dx, dy |
---|
818 | |
---|
819 | USE indices, & |
---|
820 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
821 | |
---|
822 | USE kinds |
---|
823 | |
---|
824 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
825 | |
---|
826 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
827 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
828 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
829 | |
---|
830 | REAL(wp) :: alpha_cc !< |
---|
831 | REAL(wp) :: autocon !< |
---|
832 | REAL(wp) :: dissipation !< |
---|
833 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
---|
834 | REAL(wp) :: k_au !< |
---|
835 | REAL(wp) :: l_mix !< |
---|
836 | REAL(wp) :: nc_auto !< |
---|
837 | REAL(wp) :: nu_c !< |
---|
838 | REAL(wp) :: phi_au !< |
---|
839 | REAL(wp) :: r_cc !< |
---|
840 | REAL(wp) :: rc !< |
---|
841 | REAL(wp) :: re_lambda !< |
---|
842 | REAL(wp) :: sigma_cc !< |
---|
843 | REAL(wp) :: tau_cloud !< |
---|
844 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
---|
845 | |
---|
846 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(55), 'autoconversion', 'start' ) |
---|
847 | |
---|
848 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
---|
849 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
---|
850 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
851 | ! |
---|
852 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
853 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
854 | |
---|
855 | nc_auto = MERGE( nc(k,j,i), nc_const, microphysics_morrison ) |
---|
856 | |
---|
857 | IF ( qc(k,j,i) > eps_sb .AND. nc_auto > eps_mr ) THEN |
---|
858 | |
---|
859 | k_au = k_cc / ( 20.0_wp * x0 ) |
---|
860 | ! |
---|
861 | !-- Intern time scale of coagulation (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
862 | !-- (1.0_wp - qc(k,j,i) / ( qc(k,j,i) + qr(k,j,i) )) |
---|
863 | tau_cloud = MAX( 1.0_wp - qc(k,j,i) / ( qr(k,j,i) + & |
---|
864 | qc(k,j,i) ), 0.0_wp ) |
---|
865 | ! |
---|
866 | !-- Universal function for autoconversion process |
---|
867 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
868 | phi_au = 600.0_wp * tau_cloud**0.68_wp * & |
---|
869 | ( 1.0_wp - tau_cloud**0.68_wp )**3 |
---|
870 | ! |
---|
871 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Geoffroy et al., 2010): |
---|
872 | !-- (Use constant nu_c = 1.0_wp instead?) |
---|
873 | nu_c = 1.0_wp !MAX( 0.0_wp, 1580.0_wp * hyrho(k) * qc(k,j,i) - 0.28_wp ) |
---|
874 | ! |
---|
875 | !-- Mean weight of cloud droplets: |
---|
876 | xc = MAX( hyrho(k) * qc(k,j,i) / nc_auto, xcmin) |
---|
877 | ! |
---|
878 | !-- Parameterized turbulence effects on autoconversion (Seifert, |
---|
879 | !-- Nuijens and Stevens, 2010) |
---|
880 | IF ( collision_turbulence ) THEN |
---|
881 | ! |
---|
882 | !-- Weight averaged radius of cloud droplets: |
---|
883 | rc = 0.5_wp * ( xc * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
884 | |
---|
885 | alpha_cc = ( a_1 + a_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + a_3 * nu_c ) |
---|
886 | r_cc = ( b_1 + b_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + b_3 * nu_c ) |
---|
887 | sigma_cc = ( c_1 + c_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + c_3 * nu_c ) |
---|
888 | ! |
---|
889 | !-- Mixing length (neglecting distance to ground and |
---|
890 | !-- stratification) |
---|
891 | l_mix = ( dx * dy * dzu(k) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
892 | ! |
---|
893 | !-- Limit dissipation rate according to Seifert, Nuijens and |
---|
894 | !-- Stevens (2010) |
---|
895 | dissipation = MIN( 0.06_wp, diss(k,j,i) ) |
---|
896 | ! |
---|
897 | !-- Compute Taylor-microscale Reynolds number: |
---|
898 | re_lambda = 6.0_wp / 11.0_wp * & |
---|
899 | ( l_mix / c_const )**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
---|
900 | SQRT( 15.0_wp / kin_vis_air ) * & |
---|
901 | dissipation**( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) |
---|
902 | ! |
---|
903 | !-- The factor of 1.0E4 is needed to convert the dissipation |
---|
904 | !-- rate from m2 s-3 to cm2 s-3. |
---|
905 | k_au = k_au * ( 1.0_wp + & |
---|
906 | dissipation * 1.0E4_wp * & |
---|
907 | ( re_lambda * 1.0E-3_wp )**0.25_wp * & |
---|
908 | ( alpha_cc * EXP( -1.0_wp * ( ( rc - & |
---|
909 | r_cc ) / & |
---|
910 | sigma_cc )**2 & |
---|
911 | ) + beta_cc & |
---|
912 | ) & |
---|
913 | ) |
---|
914 | ENDIF |
---|
915 | ! |
---|
916 | !-- Autoconversion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
917 | autocon = k_au * ( nu_c + 2.0_wp ) * ( nu_c + 4.0_wp ) / & |
---|
918 | ( nu_c + 1.0_wp )**2 * qc(k,j,i)**2 * xc**2 * & |
---|
919 | ( 1.0_wp + phi_au / ( 1.0_wp - tau_cloud )**2 ) * & |
---|
920 | rho_surface |
---|
921 | autocon = MIN( autocon, qc(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
---|
922 | |
---|
923 | qr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) + autocon * dt_micro * flag |
---|
924 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) - autocon * dt_micro * flag |
---|
925 | nr(k,j,i) = nr(k,j,i) + autocon / x0 * hyrho(k) * dt_micro & |
---|
926 | * flag |
---|
927 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
---|
928 | nc(k,j,i) = nc(k,j,i) - MIN( nc(k,j,i), 2.0_wp * & |
---|
929 | autocon / x0 * hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag ) |
---|
930 | ENDIF |
---|
931 | |
---|
932 | ENDIF |
---|
933 | |
---|
934 | ENDDO |
---|
935 | ENDDO |
---|
936 | ENDDO |
---|
937 | |
---|
938 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(55), 'autoconversion', 'stop' ) |
---|
939 | |
---|
940 | END SUBROUTINE autoconversion |
---|
941 | |
---|
942 | |
---|
943 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
944 | ! Description: |
---|
945 | ! ------------ |
---|
946 | !> Autoconversion process (Kessler, 1969). |
---|
947 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
948 | SUBROUTINE autoconversion_kessler |
---|
949 | |
---|
950 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
951 | ONLY: dzw, pt, prr, q, qc |
---|
952 | |
---|
953 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
954 | ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t |
---|
955 | |
---|
956 | USE indices, & |
---|
957 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
958 | |
---|
959 | USE kinds |
---|
960 | |
---|
961 | USE surface_mod, & |
---|
962 | ONLY: get_topography_top_index |
---|
963 | |
---|
964 | |
---|
965 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
966 | |
---|
967 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
968 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
969 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
970 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< topgraphy top index |
---|
971 | |
---|
972 | REAL(wp) :: dqdt_precip !< |
---|
973 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
---|
974 | |
---|
975 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
---|
976 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
---|
977 | ! |
---|
978 | !-- Determine vertical index of topography top |
---|
979 | k_wall = get_topography_top_index( j, i, 's' ) |
---|
980 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
981 | ! |
---|
982 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
983 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
984 | |
---|
985 | IF ( qc(k,j,i) > ql_crit ) THEN |
---|
986 | dqdt_precip = prec_time_const * ( qc(k,j,i) - ql_crit ) |
---|
987 | ELSE |
---|
988 | dqdt_precip = 0.0_wp |
---|
989 | ENDIF |
---|
990 | |
---|
991 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) - dqdt_precip * dt_micro * flag |
---|
992 | q(k,j,i) = q(k,j,i) - dqdt_precip * dt_micro * flag |
---|
993 | pt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) + dqdt_precip * dt_micro * l_d_cp * & |
---|
994 | pt_d_t(k) * flag |
---|
995 | |
---|
996 | ! |
---|
997 | !-- Compute the rain rate (stored on surface grid point) |
---|
998 | prr(k_wall,j,i) = prr(k_wall,j,i) + dqdt_precip * dzw(k) * flag |
---|
999 | |
---|
1000 | ENDDO |
---|
1001 | ENDDO |
---|
1002 | ENDDO |
---|
1003 | |
---|
1004 | END SUBROUTINE autoconversion_kessler |
---|
1005 | |
---|
1006 | |
---|
1007 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1008 | ! Description: |
---|
1009 | ! ------------ |
---|
1010 | !> Accretion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006). |
---|
1011 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1012 | SUBROUTINE accretion |
---|
1013 | |
---|
1014 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1015 | ONLY: diss, qc, qr, nc |
---|
1016 | |
---|
1017 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1018 | ONLY: hyrho |
---|
1019 | |
---|
1020 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1021 | ONLY: microphysics_morrison, rho_surface |
---|
1022 | |
---|
1023 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
1024 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
1025 | |
---|
1026 | USE indices, & |
---|
1027 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
1028 | |
---|
1029 | USE kinds |
---|
1030 | |
---|
1031 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1032 | |
---|
1033 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1034 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1035 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1036 | |
---|
1037 | REAL(wp) :: accr !< |
---|
1038 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
---|
1039 | REAL(wp) :: k_cr !< |
---|
1040 | REAL(wp) :: nc_accr !< |
---|
1041 | REAL(wp) :: phi_ac !< |
---|
1042 | REAL(wp) :: tau_cloud !< |
---|
1043 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
---|
1044 | |
---|
1045 | |
---|
1046 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(56), 'accretion', 'start' ) |
---|
1047 | |
---|
1048 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
---|
1049 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
---|
1050 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
1051 | ! |
---|
1052 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
1053 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
1054 | |
---|
1055 | nc_accr = MERGE( nc(k,j,i), nc_const, microphysics_morrison ) |
---|
1056 | |
---|
1057 | IF ( ( qc(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) .AND. ( qr(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) & |
---|
1058 | .AND. ( nc_accr > eps_mr ) ) THEN |
---|
1059 | ! |
---|
1060 | !-- Intern time scale of coagulation (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
1061 | tau_cloud = 1.0_wp - qc(k,j,i) / ( qc(k,j,i) + qr(k,j,i) ) |
---|
1062 | ! |
---|
1063 | !-- Universal function for accretion process (Seifert and |
---|
1064 | !-- Beheng, 2001): |
---|
1065 | phi_ac = ( tau_cloud / ( tau_cloud + 5.0E-5_wp ) )**4 |
---|
1066 | |
---|
1067 | ! |
---|
1068 | !-- Mean weight of cloud drops |
---|
1069 | xc = MAX( (hyrho(k) * qc(k,j,i) / nc_accr), xcmin) |
---|
1070 | ! |
---|
1071 | !-- Parameterized turbulence effects on autoconversion (Seifert, |
---|
1072 | !-- Nuijens and Stevens, 2010). The factor of 1.0E4 is needed to |
---|
1073 | !-- convert the dissipation rate (diss) from m2 s-3 to cm2 s-3. |
---|
1074 | IF ( collision_turbulence ) THEN |
---|
1075 | k_cr = k_cr0 * ( 1.0_wp + 0.05_wp * & |
---|
1076 | MIN( 600.0_wp, & |
---|
1077 | diss(k,j,i) * 1.0E4_wp )**0.25_wp & |
---|
1078 | ) |
---|
1079 | ELSE |
---|
1080 | k_cr = k_cr0 |
---|
1081 | ENDIF |
---|
1082 | ! |
---|
1083 | !-- Accretion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
1084 | accr = k_cr * qc(k,j,i) * qr(k,j,i) * phi_ac * & |
---|
1085 | SQRT( rho_surface * hyrho(k) ) |
---|
1086 | accr = MIN( accr, qc(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
---|
1087 | |
---|
1088 | qr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) + accr * dt_micro * flag |
---|
1089 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) - accr * dt_micro * flag |
---|
1090 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
---|
1091 | nc(k,j,i) = nc(k,j,i) - MIN( nc(k,j,i), & |
---|
1092 | accr / xc * hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag) |
---|
1093 | ENDIF |
---|
1094 | |
---|
1095 | ENDIF |
---|
1096 | |
---|
1097 | ENDDO |
---|
1098 | ENDDO |
---|
1099 | ENDDO |
---|
1100 | |
---|
1101 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(56), 'accretion', 'stop' ) |
---|
1102 | |
---|
1103 | END SUBROUTINE accretion |
---|
1104 | |
---|
1105 | |
---|
1106 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1107 | ! Description: |
---|
1108 | ! ------------ |
---|
1109 | !> Collisional breakup rate (Seifert, 2008). |
---|
1110 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1111 | SUBROUTINE selfcollection_breakup |
---|
1112 | |
---|
1113 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1114 | ONLY: nr, qr |
---|
1115 | |
---|
1116 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1117 | ONLY: hyrho |
---|
1118 | |
---|
1119 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1120 | ONLY: rho_surface |
---|
1121 | |
---|
1122 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
1123 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
1124 | |
---|
1125 | USE indices, & |
---|
1126 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
1127 | |
---|
1128 | USE kinds |
---|
1129 | |
---|
1130 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1131 | |
---|
1132 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1133 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1134 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1135 | |
---|
1136 | REAL(wp) :: breakup !< |
---|
1137 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
---|
1138 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
---|
1139 | REAL(wp) :: phi_br !< |
---|
1140 | REAL(wp) :: selfcoll !< |
---|
1141 | |
---|
1142 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(57), 'selfcollection', 'start' ) |
---|
1143 | |
---|
1144 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
---|
1145 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
---|
1146 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
1147 | ! |
---|
1148 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
1149 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
1150 | |
---|
1151 | IF ( qr(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
1152 | ! |
---|
1153 | !-- Selfcollection rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2001): |
---|
1154 | selfcoll = k_rr * nr(k,j,i) * qr(k,j,i) * & |
---|
1155 | SQRT( hyrho(k) * rho_surface ) |
---|
1156 | ! |
---|
1157 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
---|
1158 | dr = ( hyrho(k) * qr(k,j,i) / & |
---|
1159 | nr(k,j,i) * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
1160 | ! |
---|
1161 | !-- Collisional breakup rate (Seifert, 2008): |
---|
1162 | IF ( dr >= 0.3E-3_wp ) THEN |
---|
1163 | phi_br = k_br * ( dr - 1.1E-3_wp ) |
---|
1164 | breakup = selfcoll * ( phi_br + 1.0_wp ) |
---|
1165 | ELSE |
---|
1166 | breakup = 0.0_wp |
---|
1167 | ENDIF |
---|
1168 | |
---|
1169 | selfcoll = MAX( breakup - selfcoll, -nr(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
---|
1170 | nr(k,j,i) = nr(k,j,i) + selfcoll * dt_micro * flag |
---|
1171 | |
---|
1172 | ENDIF |
---|
1173 | ENDDO |
---|
1174 | ENDDO |
---|
1175 | ENDDO |
---|
1176 | |
---|
1177 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(57), 'selfcollection', 'stop' ) |
---|
1178 | |
---|
1179 | END SUBROUTINE selfcollection_breakup |
---|
1180 | |
---|
1181 | |
---|
1182 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1183 | ! Description: |
---|
1184 | ! ------------ |
---|
1185 | !> Evaporation of precipitable water. Condensation is neglected for |
---|
1186 | !> precipitable water. |
---|
1187 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1188 | SUBROUTINE evaporation_rain |
---|
1189 | |
---|
1190 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1191 | ONLY: hyp, nr, pt, q, qc, qr |
---|
1192 | |
---|
1193 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1194 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, r_v, t_d_pt |
---|
1195 | |
---|
1196 | USE constants, & |
---|
1197 | ONLY: pi |
---|
1198 | |
---|
1199 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
1200 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
1201 | |
---|
1202 | USE indices, & |
---|
1203 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
1204 | |
---|
1205 | USE kinds |
---|
1206 | |
---|
1207 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1208 | |
---|
1209 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1210 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1211 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1212 | |
---|
1213 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
---|
1214 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
---|
1215 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
---|
1216 | REAL(wp) :: evap !< |
---|
1217 | REAL(wp) :: evap_nr !< |
---|
1218 | REAL(wp) :: f_vent !< |
---|
1219 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
---|
1220 | REAL(wp) :: g_evap !< |
---|
1221 | REAL(wp) :: lambda_r !< |
---|
1222 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r !< |
---|
1223 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r_2 !< |
---|
1224 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r_5d2 !< |
---|
1225 | REAL(wp) :: nr_0 !< |
---|
1226 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
---|
1227 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
---|
1228 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
---|
1229 | REAL(wp) :: temp !< |
---|
1230 | REAL(wp) :: xr !< |
---|
1231 | |
---|
1232 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(58), 'evaporation', 'start' ) |
---|
1233 | |
---|
1234 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
---|
1235 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
---|
1236 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
1237 | ! |
---|
1238 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
1239 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
1240 | |
---|
1241 | IF ( qr(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
1242 | ! |
---|
1243 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
---|
1244 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt(k,j,i) |
---|
1245 | ! |
---|
1246 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
---|
1247 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
---|
1248 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
---|
1249 | ) |
---|
1250 | ! |
---|
1251 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
---|
1252 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
---|
1253 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
---|
1254 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q(k,j,i) ) / & |
---|
1255 | ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
---|
1256 | ! |
---|
1257 | !-- Supersaturation: |
---|
1258 | sat = ( q(k,j,i) - qr(k,j,i) - qc(k,j,i) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
---|
1259 | ! |
---|
1260 | !-- Evaporation needs only to be calculated in subsaturated regions |
---|
1261 | IF ( sat < 0.0_wp ) THEN |
---|
1262 | ! |
---|
1263 | !-- Actual temperature: |
---|
1264 | temp = t_l + l_d_cp * ( qc(k,j,i) + qr(k,j,i) ) |
---|
1265 | |
---|
1266 | g_evap = 1.0_wp / ( ( l_v / ( r_v * temp ) - 1.0_wp ) * & |
---|
1267 | l_v / ( thermal_conductivity_l * temp ) & |
---|
1268 | + r_v * temp / ( diff_coeff_l * e_s ) & |
---|
1269 | ) |
---|
1270 | ! |
---|
1271 | !-- Mean weight of rain drops |
---|
1272 | xr = hyrho(k) * qr(k,j,i) / nr(k,j,i) |
---|
1273 | ! |
---|
1274 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
---|
1275 | dr = ( xr * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
1276 | ! |
---|
1277 | !-- Compute ventilation factor and intercept parameter |
---|
1278 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2006; Seifert, 2008): |
---|
1279 | IF ( ventilation_effect ) THEN |
---|
1280 | ! |
---|
1281 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Milbrandt and Yau, |
---|
1282 | !-- 2005; Stevens and Seifert, 2008): |
---|
1283 | mu_r = 10.0_wp * ( 1.0_wp + TANH( 1.2E3_wp * & |
---|
1284 | ( dr - 1.4E-3_wp ) ) ) |
---|
1285 | ! |
---|
1286 | !-- Slope parameter of gamma distribution (Seifert, 2008): |
---|
1287 | lambda_r = ( ( mu_r + 3.0_wp ) * ( mu_r + 2.0_wp ) * & |
---|
1288 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) & |
---|
1289 | )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) / dr |
---|
1290 | |
---|
1291 | mu_r_2 = mu_r + 2.0_wp |
---|
1292 | mu_r_5d2 = mu_r + 2.5_wp |
---|
1293 | |
---|
1294 | f_vent = a_vent * gamm( mu_r_2 ) * & |
---|
1295 | lambda_r**( -mu_r_2 ) + b_vent * & |
---|
1296 | schmidt_p_1d3 * SQRT( a_term / kin_vis_air ) *& |
---|
1297 | gamm( mu_r_5d2 ) * lambda_r**( -mu_r_5d2 ) * & |
---|
1298 | ( 1.0_wp - & |
---|
1299 | 0.5_wp * ( b_term / a_term ) * & |
---|
1300 | ( lambda_r / ( c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
1301 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
---|
1302 | 0.125_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**2 * & |
---|
1303 | ( lambda_r / ( 2.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
1304 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
---|
1305 | 0.0625_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**3 * & |
---|
1306 | ( lambda_r / ( 3.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
1307 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
---|
1308 | 0.0390625_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**4 * & |
---|
1309 | ( lambda_r / ( 4.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
1310 | )**mu_r_5d2 & |
---|
1311 | ) |
---|
1312 | |
---|
1313 | nr_0 = nr(k,j,i) * lambda_r**( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) / & |
---|
1314 | gamm( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) |
---|
1315 | ELSE |
---|
1316 | f_vent = 1.0_wp |
---|
1317 | nr_0 = nr(k,j,i) * dr |
---|
1318 | ENDIF |
---|
1319 | ! |
---|
1320 | !-- Evaporation rate of rain water content (Seifert and |
---|
1321 | !-- Beheng, 2006): |
---|
1322 | evap = 2.0_wp * pi * nr_0 * g_evap * f_vent * sat / & |
---|
1323 | hyrho(k) |
---|
1324 | evap = MAX( evap, -qr(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
---|
1325 | evap_nr = MAX( c_evap * evap / xr * hyrho(k), & |
---|
1326 | -nr(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
---|
1327 | |
---|
1328 | qr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) + evap * dt_micro * flag |
---|
1329 | nr(k,j,i) = nr(k,j,i) + evap_nr * dt_micro * flag |
---|
1330 | |
---|
1331 | ENDIF |
---|
1332 | ENDIF |
---|
1333 | |
---|
1334 | ENDDO |
---|
1335 | ENDDO |
---|
1336 | ENDDO |
---|
1337 | |
---|
1338 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(58), 'evaporation', 'stop' ) |
---|
1339 | |
---|
1340 | END SUBROUTINE evaporation_rain |
---|
1341 | |
---|
1342 | |
---|
1343 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1344 | ! Description: |
---|
1345 | ! ------------ |
---|
1346 | !> Sedimentation of cloud droplets (Ackermann et al., 2009, MWR). |
---|
1347 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1348 | SUBROUTINE sedimentation_cloud |
---|
1349 | |
---|
1350 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1351 | ONLY: ddzu, dzu, nc, pt, prr, q, qc |
---|
1352 | |
---|
1353 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1354 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, pt_d_t |
---|
1355 | |
---|
1356 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1357 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, & |
---|
1358 | intermediate_timestep_count, microphysics_morrison |
---|
1359 | |
---|
1360 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
1361 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
1362 | |
---|
1363 | USE indices, & |
---|
1364 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
1365 | |
---|
1366 | USE kinds |
---|
1367 | |
---|
1368 | USE statistics, & |
---|
1369 | ONLY: weight_substep |
---|
1370 | |
---|
1371 | |
---|
1372 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1373 | |
---|
1374 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1375 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1376 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1377 | |
---|
1378 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
---|
1379 | REAL(wp) :: nc_sedi !< |
---|
1380 | |
---|
1381 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_qc !< |
---|
1382 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_nc !< |
---|
1383 | |
---|
1384 | |
---|
1385 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(59), 'sed_cloud', 'start' ) |
---|
1386 | |
---|
1387 | sed_qc(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1388 | sed_nc(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1389 | |
---|
1390 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
---|
1391 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
---|
1392 | DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1 |
---|
1393 | ! |
---|
1394 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
1395 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
1396 | nc_sedi = MERGE ( nc(k,j,i), nc_const, microphysics_morrison ) |
---|
1397 | |
---|
1398 | ! |
---|
1399 | !-- Sedimentation fluxes for number concentration are only calculated |
---|
1400 | !-- for cloud_scheme = 'morrison' |
---|
1401 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
---|
1402 | IF ( qc(k,j,i) > eps_sb .AND. nc(k,j,i) > eps_mr ) THEN |
---|
1403 | sed_nc(k) = sed_qc_const * & |
---|
1404 | ( qc(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) )**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
---|
1405 | ( nc(k,j,i) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
1406 | ELSE |
---|
1407 | sed_nc(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1408 | ENDIF |
---|
1409 | |
---|
1410 | sed_nc(k) = MIN( sed_nc(k), hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * & |
---|
1411 | nc(k,j,i) / dt_micro + sed_nc(k+1) & |
---|
1412 | ) * flag |
---|
1413 | |
---|
1414 | nc(k,j,i) = nc(k,j,i) + ( sed_nc(k+1) - sed_nc(k) ) * & |
---|
1415 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
1416 | ENDIF |
---|
1417 | |
---|
1418 | IF ( qc(k,j,i) > eps_sb .AND. nc_sedi > eps_mr ) THEN |
---|
1419 | sed_qc(k) = sed_qc_const * nc_sedi**( -2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
---|
1420 | ( qc(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) )**( 5.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
---|
1421 | flag |
---|
1422 | ELSE |
---|
1423 | sed_qc(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1424 | ENDIF |
---|
1425 | |
---|
1426 | sed_qc(k) = MIN( sed_qc(k), hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * q(k,j,i) / & |
---|
1427 | dt_micro + sed_qc(k+1) & |
---|
1428 | ) * flag |
---|
1429 | |
---|
1430 | q(k,j,i) = q(k,j,i) + ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * & |
---|
1431 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
1432 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) + ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * & |
---|
1433 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
1434 | pt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) - ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * & |
---|
1435 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * l_d_cp * & |
---|
1436 | pt_d_t(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
1437 | |
---|
1438 | ! |
---|
1439 | !-- Compute the precipitation rate due to cloud (fog) droplets |
---|
1440 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
---|
1441 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qc(k) / hyrho(k) & |
---|
1442 | * weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count) & |
---|
1443 | * flag |
---|
1444 | ELSE |
---|
1445 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qc(k) / hyrho(k) * flag |
---|
1446 | ENDIF |
---|
1447 | |
---|
1448 | ENDDO |
---|
1449 | ENDDO |
---|
1450 | ENDDO |
---|
1451 | |
---|
1452 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(59), 'sed_cloud', 'stop' ) |
---|
1453 | |
---|
1454 | END SUBROUTINE sedimentation_cloud |
---|
1455 | |
---|
1456 | |
---|
1457 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1458 | ! Description: |
---|
1459 | ! ------------ |
---|
1460 | !> Computation of sedimentation flux. Implementation according to Stevens |
---|
1461 | !> and Seifert (2008). Code is based on UCLA-LES. |
---|
1462 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1463 | SUBROUTINE sedimentation_rain |
---|
1464 | |
---|
1465 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1466 | ONLY: ddzu, dzu, nr, pt, prr, q, qr |
---|
1467 | |
---|
1468 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1469 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, pt_d_t |
---|
1470 | |
---|
1471 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1472 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, intermediate_timestep_count |
---|
1473 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
1474 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
1475 | |
---|
1476 | USE indices, & |
---|
1477 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
1478 | |
---|
1479 | USE kinds |
---|
1480 | |
---|
1481 | USE statistics, & |
---|
1482 | ONLY: weight_substep |
---|
1483 | |
---|
1484 | USE surface_mod, & |
---|
1485 | ONLY : bc_h |
---|
1486 | |
---|
1487 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1488 | |
---|
1489 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction |
---|
1490 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction |
---|
1491 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction |
---|
1492 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k_run !< |
---|
1493 | INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index of surface type |
---|
1494 | INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements |
---|
1495 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_e !< End index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
---|
1496 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_s !< Start index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
---|
1497 | |
---|
1498 | REAL(wp) :: c_run !< |
---|
1499 | REAL(wp) :: d_max !< |
---|
1500 | REAL(wp) :: d_mean !< |
---|
1501 | REAL(wp) :: d_min !< |
---|
1502 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
---|
1503 | REAL(wp) :: flux !< |
---|
1504 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
---|
1505 | REAL(wp) :: lambda_r !< |
---|
1506 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r !< |
---|
1507 | REAL(wp) :: z_run !< |
---|
1508 | |
---|
1509 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: c_nr !< |
---|
1510 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: c_qr !< |
---|
1511 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: nr_slope !< |
---|
1512 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: qr_slope !< |
---|
1513 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_nr !< |
---|
1514 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_qr !< |
---|
1515 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: w_nr !< |
---|
1516 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: w_qr !< |
---|
1517 | |
---|
1518 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(60), 'sed_rain', 'start' ) |
---|
1519 | |
---|
1520 | ! |
---|
1521 | !-- Compute velocities |
---|
1522 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
---|
1523 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
---|
1524 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
1525 | ! |
---|
1526 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
1527 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
1528 | |
---|
1529 | IF ( qr(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
1530 | ! |
---|
1531 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
---|
1532 | dr = ( hyrho(k) * qr(k,j,i) / & |
---|
1533 | nr(k,j,i) * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
1534 | ! |
---|
1535 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Milbrandt and Yau, 2005; |
---|
1536 | !-- Stevens and Seifert, 2008): |
---|
1537 | mu_r = 10.0_wp * ( 1.0_wp + TANH( 1.2E3_wp * & |
---|
1538 | ( dr - 1.4E-3_wp ) ) ) |
---|
1539 | ! |
---|
1540 | !-- Slope parameter of gamma distribution (Seifert, 2008): |
---|
1541 | lambda_r = ( ( mu_r + 3.0_wp ) * ( mu_r + 2.0_wp ) * & |
---|
1542 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) / dr |
---|
1543 | |
---|
1544 | w_nr(k) = MAX( 0.1_wp, MIN( 20.0_wp, & |
---|
1545 | a_term - b_term * ( 1.0_wp + & |
---|
1546 | c_term / & |
---|
1547 | lambda_r )**( -1.0_wp * & |
---|
1548 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) ) & |
---|
1549 | ) & |
---|
1550 | ) * flag |
---|
1551 | |
---|
1552 | w_qr(k) = MAX( 0.1_wp, MIN( 20.0_wp, & |
---|
1553 | a_term - b_term * ( 1.0_wp + & |
---|
1554 | c_term / & |
---|
1555 | lambda_r )**( -1.0_wp * & |
---|
1556 | ( mu_r + 4.0_wp ) ) & |
---|
1557 | ) & |
---|
1558 | ) * flag |
---|
1559 | ELSE |
---|
1560 | w_nr(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1561 | w_qr(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1562 | ENDIF |
---|
1563 | ENDDO |
---|
1564 | ! |
---|
1565 | !-- Adjust boundary values using surface data type. |
---|
1566 | !-- Upward-facing |
---|
1567 | surf_s = bc_h(0)%start_index(j,i) |
---|
1568 | surf_e = bc_h(0)%end_index(j,i) |
---|
1569 | DO m = surf_s, surf_e |
---|
1570 | k = bc_h(0)%k(m) |
---|
1571 | w_nr(k-1) = w_nr(k) |
---|
1572 | w_qr(k-1) = w_qr(k) |
---|
1573 | ENDDO |
---|
1574 | ! |
---|
1575 | !-- Downward-facing |
---|
1576 | surf_s = bc_h(1)%start_index(j,i) |
---|
1577 | surf_e = bc_h(1)%end_index(j,i) |
---|
1578 | DO m = surf_s, surf_e |
---|
1579 | k = bc_h(1)%k(m) |
---|
1580 | w_nr(k+1) = w_nr(k) |
---|
1581 | w_qr(k+1) = w_qr(k) |
---|
1582 | ENDDO |
---|
1583 | ! |
---|
1584 | !-- Model top boundary value |
---|
1585 | w_nr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1586 | w_qr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1587 | ! |
---|
1588 | !-- Compute Courant number |
---|
1589 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
1590 | ! |
---|
1591 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
1592 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
1593 | |
---|
1594 | c_nr(k) = 0.25_wp * ( w_nr(k-1) + & |
---|
1595 | 2.0_wp * w_nr(k) + w_nr(k+1) ) * & |
---|
1596 | dt_micro * ddzu(k) * flag |
---|
1597 | c_qr(k) = 0.25_wp * ( w_qr(k-1) + & |
---|
1598 | 2.0_wp * w_qr(k) + w_qr(k+1) ) * & |
---|
1599 | dt_micro * ddzu(k) * flag |
---|
1600 | ENDDO |
---|
1601 | ! |
---|
1602 | !-- Limit slopes with monotonized centered (MC) limiter (van Leer, 1977): |
---|
1603 | IF ( limiter_sedimentation ) THEN |
---|
1604 | |
---|
1605 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
1606 | ! |
---|
1607 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
1608 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
1609 | |
---|
1610 | d_mean = 0.5_wp * ( qr(k+1,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) |
---|
1611 | d_min = qr(k,j,i) - MIN( qr(k+1,j,i), qr(k,j,i), qr(k-1,j,i) ) |
---|
1612 | d_max = MAX( qr(k+1,j,i), qr(k,j,i), qr(k-1,j,i) ) - qr(k,j,i) |
---|
1613 | |
---|
1614 | qr_slope(k) = SIGN(1.0_wp, d_mean) * MIN ( 2.0_wp * d_min, & |
---|
1615 | 2.0_wp * d_max, & |
---|
1616 | ABS( d_mean ) ) & |
---|
1617 | * flag |
---|
1618 | |
---|
1619 | d_mean = 0.5_wp * ( nr(k+1,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) |
---|
1620 | d_min = nr(k,j,i) - MIN( nr(k+1,j,i), nr(k,j,i), nr(k-1,j,i) ) |
---|
1621 | d_max = MAX( nr(k+1,j,i), nr(k,j,i), nr(k-1,j,i) ) - nr(k,j,i) |
---|
1622 | |
---|
1623 | nr_slope(k) = SIGN(1.0_wp, d_mean) * MIN ( 2.0_wp * d_min, & |
---|
1624 | 2.0_wp * d_max, & |
---|
1625 | ABS( d_mean ) ) |
---|
1626 | ENDDO |
---|
1627 | |
---|
1628 | ELSE |
---|
1629 | |
---|
1630 | nr_slope = 0.0_wp |
---|
1631 | qr_slope = 0.0_wp |
---|
1632 | |
---|
1633 | ENDIF |
---|
1634 | |
---|
1635 | sed_nr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1636 | sed_qr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1637 | ! |
---|
1638 | !-- Compute sedimentation flux |
---|
1639 | DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1 |
---|
1640 | ! |
---|
1641 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
1642 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
1643 | ! |
---|
1644 | !-- Sum up all rain drop number densities which contribute to the flux |
---|
1645 | !-- through k-1/2 |
---|
1646 | flux = 0.0_wp |
---|
1647 | z_run = 0.0_wp ! height above z(k) |
---|
1648 | k_run = k |
---|
1649 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_nr(k) ) |
---|
1650 | DO WHILE ( c_run > 0.0_wp .AND. k_run <= nzt ) |
---|
1651 | flux = flux + hyrho(k_run) * & |
---|
1652 | ( nr(k_run,j,i) + nr_slope(k_run) * & |
---|
1653 | ( 1.0_wp - c_run ) * 0.5_wp ) * c_run * dzu(k_run) & |
---|
1654 | * flag |
---|
1655 | z_run = z_run + dzu(k_run) * flag |
---|
1656 | k_run = k_run + 1 * flag |
---|
1657 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_nr(k_run) - z_run * ddzu(k_run) ) & |
---|
1658 | * flag |
---|
1659 | ENDDO |
---|
1660 | ! |
---|
1661 | !-- It is not allowed to sediment more rain drop number density than |
---|
1662 | !-- available |
---|
1663 | flux = MIN( flux, & |
---|
1664 | hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * nr(k,j,i) + sed_nr(k+1) * & |
---|
1665 | dt_micro & |
---|
1666 | ) |
---|
1667 | |
---|
1668 | sed_nr(k) = flux / dt_micro * flag |
---|
1669 | nr(k,j,i) = nr(k,j,i) + ( sed_nr(k+1) - sed_nr(k) ) * & |
---|
1670 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
1671 | ! |
---|
1672 | !-- Sum up all rain water content which contributes to the flux |
---|
1673 | !-- through k-1/2 |
---|
1674 | flux = 0.0_wp |
---|
1675 | z_run = 0.0_wp ! height above z(k) |
---|
1676 | k_run = k |
---|
1677 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_qr(k) ) |
---|
1678 | |
---|
1679 | DO WHILE ( c_run > 0.0_wp .AND. k_run <= nzt ) |
---|
1680 | |
---|
1681 | flux = flux + hyrho(k_run) * ( qr(k_run,j,i) + & |
---|
1682 | qr_slope(k_run) * ( 1.0_wp - c_run ) * & |
---|
1683 | 0.5_wp ) * c_run * dzu(k_run) * flag |
---|
1684 | z_run = z_run + dzu(k_run) * flag |
---|
1685 | k_run = k_run + 1 * flag |
---|
1686 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_qr(k_run) - z_run * ddzu(k_run) ) & |
---|
1687 | * flag |
---|
1688 | |
---|
1689 | ENDDO |
---|
1690 | ! |
---|
1691 | !-- It is not allowed to sediment more rain water content than |
---|
1692 | !-- available |
---|
1693 | flux = MIN( flux, & |
---|
1694 | hyrho(k) * dzu(k) * qr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k+1) * & |
---|
1695 | dt_micro & |
---|
1696 | ) |
---|
1697 | |
---|
1698 | sed_qr(k) = flux / dt_micro * flag |
---|
1699 | |
---|
1700 | qr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) + ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * & |
---|
1701 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
1702 | q(k,j,i) = q(k,j,i) + ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * & |
---|
1703 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
1704 | pt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) - ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * & |
---|
1705 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * l_d_cp * & |
---|
1706 | pt_d_t(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
1707 | ! |
---|
1708 | !-- Compute the rain rate |
---|
1709 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
---|
1710 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k) / hyrho(k) & |
---|
1711 | * weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count) & |
---|
1712 | * flag |
---|
1713 | ELSE |
---|
1714 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k) / hyrho(k) * flag |
---|
1715 | ENDIF |
---|
1716 | |
---|
1717 | ENDDO |
---|
1718 | ENDDO |
---|
1719 | ENDDO |
---|
1720 | |
---|
1721 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(60), 'sed_rain', 'stop' ) |
---|
1722 | |
---|
1723 | END SUBROUTINE sedimentation_rain |
---|
1724 | |
---|
1725 | |
---|
1726 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1727 | ! Description: |
---|
1728 | ! ------------ |
---|
1729 | !> Computation of the precipitation amount due to gravitational settling of |
---|
1730 | !> rain and cloud (fog) droplets |
---|
1731 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1732 | SUBROUTINE calc_precipitation_amount |
---|
1733 | |
---|
1734 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1735 | ONLY: precipitation_amount, prr |
---|
1736 | |
---|
1737 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1738 | ONLY: hyrho |
---|
1739 | |
---|
1740 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1741 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_do2d_xy, dt_3d, & |
---|
1742 | intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max,& |
---|
1743 | precipitation_amount_interval, time_do2d_xy |
---|
1744 | |
---|
1745 | USE indices, & |
---|
1746 | ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
1747 | |
---|
1748 | USE kinds |
---|
1749 | |
---|
1750 | USE surface_mod, & |
---|
1751 | ONLY : bc_h |
---|
1752 | |
---|
1753 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1754 | |
---|
1755 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction |
---|
1756 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction |
---|
1757 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index y direction |
---|
1758 | INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements |
---|
1759 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_e !< End index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
---|
1760 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_s !< Start index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
---|
1761 | |
---|
1762 | IF ( ( dt_do2d_xy - time_do2d_xy ) < precipitation_amount_interval .AND.& |
---|
1763 | ( .NOT. call_microphysics_at_all_substeps .OR. & |
---|
1764 | intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) ) & |
---|
1765 | THEN |
---|
1766 | ! |
---|
1767 | !-- Run over all upward-facing surface elements, i.e. non-natural, |
---|
1768 | !-- natural and urban |
---|
1769 | DO m = 1, bc_h(0)%ns |
---|
1770 | i = bc_h(0)%i(m) |
---|
1771 | j = bc_h(0)%j(m) |
---|
1772 | k = bc_h(0)%k(m) |
---|
1773 | precipitation_amount(j,i) = precipitation_amount(j,i) + & |
---|
1774 | prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) * dt_3d |
---|
1775 | ENDDO |
---|
1776 | |
---|
1777 | ENDIF |
---|
1778 | |
---|
1779 | END SUBROUTINE calc_precipitation_amount |
---|
1780 | |
---|
1781 | |
---|
1782 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1783 | ! Description: |
---|
1784 | ! ------------ |
---|
1785 | !> Control of microphysics for grid points i,j |
---|
1786 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1787 | |
---|
1788 | SUBROUTINE microphysics_control_ij( i, j ) |
---|
1789 | |
---|
1790 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1791 | ONLY: hyp, nc, nr, pt, pt_init, prr, q, qc, qr, zu |
---|
1792 | |
---|
1793 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1794 | ONLY: cp, hyrho, pt_d_t, r_d, t_d_pt |
---|
1795 | |
---|
1796 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1797 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_3d, g, & |
---|
1798 | intermediate_timestep_count, large_scale_forcing, & |
---|
1799 | lsf_surf, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert, & |
---|
1800 | microphysics_kessler, pt_surface, rho_surface, & |
---|
1801 | surface_pressure |
---|
1802 | |
---|
1803 | USE indices, & |
---|
1804 | ONLY: nzb, nzt |
---|
1805 | |
---|
1806 | USE kinds |
---|
1807 | |
---|
1808 | USE statistics, & |
---|
1809 | ONLY: weight_pres |
---|
1810 | |
---|
1811 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1812 | |
---|
1813 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1814 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1815 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1816 | |
---|
1817 | REAL(wp) :: t_surface !< |
---|
1818 | |
---|
1819 | IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN |
---|
1820 | ! |
---|
1821 | !-- Calculate: |
---|
1822 | !-- pt / t : ratio of potential and actual temperature (pt_d_t) |
---|
1823 | !-- t / pt : ratio of actual and potential temperature (t_d_pt) |
---|
1824 | !-- p_0(z) : vertical profile of the hydrostatic pressure (hyp) |
---|
1825 | t_surface = pt_surface * ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp |
---|
1826 | DO k = nzb, nzt+1 |
---|
1827 | hyp(k) = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp * & |
---|
1828 | ( ( t_surface - g / cp * zu(k) ) / t_surface )**(1.0_wp / 0.286_wp) |
---|
1829 | pt_d_t(k) = ( 100000.0_wp / hyp(k) )**0.286_wp |
---|
1830 | t_d_pt(k) = 1.0_wp / pt_d_t(k) |
---|
1831 | hyrho(k) = hyp(k) / ( r_d * t_d_pt(k) * pt_init(k) ) |
---|
1832 | ENDDO |
---|
1833 | ! |
---|
1834 | !-- Compute reference density |
---|
1835 | rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * t_surface ) |
---|
1836 | ENDIF |
---|
1837 | |
---|
1838 | ! |
---|
1839 | !-- Compute length of time step |
---|
1840 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
---|
1841 | dt_micro = dt_3d * weight_pres(intermediate_timestep_count) |
---|
1842 | ELSE |
---|
1843 | dt_micro = dt_3d |
---|
1844 | ENDIF |
---|
1845 | |
---|
1846 | ! |
---|
1847 | !-- Use 1d arrays |
---|
1848 | q_1d(:) = q(:,j,i) |
---|
1849 | pt_1d(:) = pt(:,j,i) |
---|
1850 | qc_1d(:) = qc(:,j,i) |
---|
1851 | IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
---|
1852 | qr_1d(:) = qr(:,j,i) |
---|
1853 | nr_1d(:) = nr(:,j,i) |
---|
1854 | ENDIF |
---|
1855 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
---|
1856 | nc_1d(:) = nc(:,j,i) |
---|
1857 | ENDIF |
---|
1858 | |
---|
1859 | |
---|
1860 | ! |
---|
1861 | !-- Reset precipitation rate |
---|
1862 | IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) prr(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1863 | |
---|
1864 | ! |
---|
1865 | !-- Compute cloud physics |
---|
1866 | IF( microphysics_kessler ) THEN |
---|
1867 | |
---|
1868 | CALL autoconversion_kessler( i,j ) |
---|
1869 | IF ( cloud_water_sedimentation ) CALL sedimentation_cloud( i,j ) |
---|
1870 | |
---|
1871 | ELSEIF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
---|
1872 | |
---|
1873 | CALL adjust_cloud( i,j ) |
---|
1874 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) CALL activation( i,j ) |
---|
1875 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) CALL condensation( i,j ) |
---|
1876 | CALL autoconversion( i,j ) |
---|
1877 | CALL accretion( i,j ) |
---|
1878 | CALL selfcollection_breakup( i,j ) |
---|
1879 | CALL evaporation_rain( i,j ) |
---|
1880 | CALL sedimentation_rain( i,j ) |
---|
1881 | IF ( cloud_water_sedimentation ) CALL sedimentation_cloud( i,j ) |
---|
1882 | |
---|
1883 | ENDIF |
---|
1884 | |
---|
1885 | CALL calc_precipitation_amount( i,j ) |
---|
1886 | |
---|
1887 | ! |
---|
1888 | !-- Store results on the 3d arrays |
---|
1889 | q(:,j,i) = q_1d(:) |
---|
1890 | pt(:,j,i) = pt_1d(:) |
---|
1891 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
---|
1892 | qc(:,j,i) = qc_1d(:) |
---|
1893 | nc(:,j,i) = nc_1d(:) |
---|
1894 | ENDIF |
---|
1895 | IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
---|
1896 | qr(:,j,i) = qr_1d(:) |
---|
1897 | nr(:,j,i) = nr_1d(:) |
---|
1898 | ENDIF |
---|
1899 | |
---|
1900 | END SUBROUTINE microphysics_control_ij |
---|
1901 | |
---|
1902 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1903 | ! Description: |
---|
1904 | ! ------------ |
---|
1905 | !> Adjust number of raindrops to avoid nonlinear effects in |
---|
1906 | !> sedimentation and evaporation of rain drops due to too small or |
---|
1907 | !> too big weights of rain drops (Stevens and Seifert, 2008). |
---|
1908 | !> The same procedure is applied to cloud droplets if they are determined |
---|
1909 | !> prognostically. Call for grid point i,j |
---|
1910 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1911 | SUBROUTINE adjust_cloud_ij( i, j ) |
---|
1912 | |
---|
1913 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1914 | ONLY: hyrho |
---|
1915 | |
---|
1916 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1917 | ONLY: microphysics_morrison |
---|
1918 | |
---|
1919 | USE indices, & |
---|
1920 | ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
1921 | |
---|
1922 | USE kinds |
---|
1923 | |
---|
1924 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1925 | |
---|
1926 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
1927 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
1928 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
1929 | |
---|
1930 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
---|
1931 | |
---|
1932 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
1933 | ! |
---|
1934 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
1935 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
1936 | |
---|
1937 | IF ( qr_1d(k) <= eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
1938 | qr_1d(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1939 | nr_1d(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1940 | ELSE |
---|
1941 | ! |
---|
1942 | !-- Adjust number of raindrops to avoid nonlinear effects in |
---|
1943 | !-- sedimentation and evaporation of rain drops due to too small or |
---|
1944 | !-- too big weights of rain drops (Stevens and Seifert, 2008). |
---|
1945 | IF ( nr_1d(k) * xrmin > qr_1d(k) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
---|
1946 | nr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) * hyrho(k) / xrmin * flag |
---|
1947 | ELSEIF ( nr_1d(k) * xrmax < qr_1d(k) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
---|
1948 | nr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) * hyrho(k) / xrmax * flag |
---|
1949 | ENDIF |
---|
1950 | |
---|
1951 | ENDIF |
---|
1952 | |
---|
1953 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
---|
1954 | IF ( qc_1d(k) <= eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
1955 | qc_1d(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1956 | nc_1d(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
1957 | ELSE |
---|
1958 | IF ( nc_1d(k) * xcmin > qc_1d(k) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
---|
1959 | nc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) * hyrho(k) / xamin * flag |
---|
1960 | ENDIF |
---|
1961 | ENDIF |
---|
1962 | ENDIF |
---|
1963 | |
---|
1964 | ENDDO |
---|
1965 | |
---|
1966 | END SUBROUTINE adjust_cloud_ij |
---|
1967 | |
---|
1968 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1969 | ! Description: |
---|
1970 | ! ------------ |
---|
1971 | !> Calculate number of activated condensation nucleii after simple activation |
---|
1972 | !> scheme of Twomey, 1959. |
---|
1973 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
1974 | SUBROUTINE activation_ij( i, j ) |
---|
1975 | |
---|
1976 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
1977 | ONLY: hyp, nr, pt, q, qc, qr, nc |
---|
1978 | |
---|
1979 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
1980 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, molecular_weight_of_solute, & |
---|
1981 | molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, rho_s, r_v, t_d_pt, & |
---|
1982 | vanthoff |
---|
1983 | |
---|
1984 | USE constants, & |
---|
1985 | ONLY: pi |
---|
1986 | |
---|
1987 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
1988 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
1989 | |
---|
1990 | USE indices, & |
---|
1991 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng, nzb, nzt |
---|
1992 | |
---|
1993 | USE kinds |
---|
1994 | |
---|
1995 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
1996 | ONLY: simulated_time |
---|
1997 | |
---|
1998 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
1999 | |
---|
2000 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
2001 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
2002 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
2003 | |
---|
2004 | REAL(wp) :: activ !< |
---|
2005 | REAL(wp) :: afactor !< |
---|
2006 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
---|
2007 | REAL(wp) :: beta_act !< |
---|
2008 | REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< |
---|
2009 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
---|
2010 | REAL(wp) :: k_act !< |
---|
2011 | REAL(wp) :: n_act !< |
---|
2012 | REAL(wp) :: n_ccn !< |
---|
2013 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
---|
2014 | REAL(wp) :: s_0 !< |
---|
2015 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
---|
2016 | REAL(wp) :: sat_max !< |
---|
2017 | REAL(wp) :: sigma !< |
---|
2018 | REAL(wp) :: sigma_act !< |
---|
2019 | REAL(wp) :: t_int !< |
---|
2020 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
---|
2021 | |
---|
2022 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
2023 | ! |
---|
2024 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
---|
2025 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt_1d(k) |
---|
2026 | |
---|
2027 | ! |
---|
2028 | !-- Calculate actual temperature |
---|
2029 | t_int = pt_1d(k) * ( hyp(k) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp |
---|
2030 | ! |
---|
2031 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
---|
2032 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
---|
2033 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
---|
2034 | ) |
---|
2035 | ! |
---|
2036 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
---|
2037 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
---|
2038 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
---|
2039 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_1d(k) ) / & |
---|
2040 | ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
---|
2041 | |
---|
2042 | !-- Supersaturation: |
---|
2043 | sat = ( q_1d(k) - qr_1d(k) - qc_1d(k) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
---|
2044 | |
---|
2045 | ! |
---|
2046 | !-- Prescribe parameters for activation |
---|
2047 | !-- (see: Bott + Trautmann, 2002, Atm. Res., 64) |
---|
2048 | k_act = 0.7_wp |
---|
2049 | activ = 0.0_wp |
---|
2050 | |
---|
2051 | IF ( sat >= 0.0 .AND. .NOT. curvature_solution_effects_bulk ) THEN |
---|
2052 | ! |
---|
2053 | !-- Compute the number of activated Aerosols |
---|
2054 | !-- (see: Twomey, 1959, Pure and applied Geophysics, 43) |
---|
2055 | n_act = na_init * sat**k_act |
---|
2056 | ! |
---|
2057 | !-- Compute the number of cloud droplets |
---|
2058 | !-- (see: Morrison + Grabowski, 2007, JAS, 64) |
---|
2059 | ! activ = MAX( n_act - nc_d1(k), 0.0_wp) / dt_micro |
---|
2060 | |
---|
2061 | ! |
---|
2062 | !-- Compute activation rate after Khairoutdinov and Kogan |
---|
2063 | !-- (see: Khairoutdinov + Kogan, 2000, Mon. Wea. Rev., 128) |
---|
2064 | sat_max = 0.8_wp / 100.0_wp |
---|
2065 | activ = MAX( 0.0_wp, ( (na_init + nc_1d(k) ) * MIN & |
---|
2066 | ( 1.0_wp, ( sat / sat_max )**k_act) - nc_1d(k) ) ) / & |
---|
2067 | dt_micro |
---|
2068 | |
---|
2069 | nc_1d(k) = MIN( (nc_1d(k) + activ * dt_micro), na_init) |
---|
2070 | ELSEIF ( sat >= 0.0 .AND. curvature_solution_effects_bulk ) THEN |
---|
2071 | ! |
---|
2072 | !-- Curvature effect (afactor) with surface tension |
---|
2073 | !-- parameterization by Straka (2009) |
---|
2074 | sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp ) |
---|
2075 | afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int ) |
---|
2076 | ! |
---|
2077 | !-- Solute effect (bfactor) |
---|
2078 | bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * & |
---|
2079 | rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l ) |
---|
2080 | |
---|
2081 | ! |
---|
2082 | !-- Prescribe power index that describes the soluble fraction |
---|
2083 | !-- of an aerosol particle (beta). |
---|
2084 | !-- (see: Morrison + Grabowski, 2007, JAS, 64) |
---|
2085 | beta_act = 0.5_wp |
---|
2086 | sigma_act = sigma_bulk**( 1.0_wp + beta_act ) |
---|
2087 | ! |
---|
2088 | !-- Calculate mean geometric supersaturation (s_0) with |
---|
2089 | !-- parameterization by Khvorostyanov and Curry (2006) |
---|
2090 | s_0 = dry_aerosol_radius **(- ( 1.0_wp + beta_act ) ) * & |
---|
2091 | ( 4.0_wp * afactor**3 / ( 27.0_wp * bfactor ) )**0.5_wp |
---|
2092 | |
---|
2093 | ! |
---|
2094 | !-- Calculate number of activated CCN as a function of |
---|
2095 | !-- supersaturation and taking Koehler theory into account |
---|
2096 | !-- (see: Khvorostyanov + Curry, 2006, J. Geo. Res., 111) |
---|
2097 | n_ccn = ( na_init / 2.0_wp ) * ( 1.0_wp - ERF( & |
---|
2098 | LOG( s_0 / sat ) / ( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(sigma_act) ) ) ) |
---|
2099 | activ = MAX( ( n_ccn ) / dt_micro, 0.0_wp ) |
---|
2100 | |
---|
2101 | nc_1d(k) = MIN( (nc_1d(k) + activ * dt_micro), na_init) |
---|
2102 | ENDIF |
---|
2103 | |
---|
2104 | ENDDO |
---|
2105 | |
---|
2106 | END SUBROUTINE activation_ij |
---|
2107 | |
---|
2108 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2109 | ! Description: |
---|
2110 | ! ------------ |
---|
2111 | !> Calculate condensation rate for cloud water content (after Khairoutdinov and |
---|
2112 | !> Kogan, 2000). |
---|
2113 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2114 | SUBROUTINE condensation_ij( i, j ) |
---|
2115 | |
---|
2116 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
2117 | ONLY: hyp, nr, pt, q, qc, qr, nc |
---|
2118 | |
---|
2119 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
2120 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, r_v, t_d_pt |
---|
2121 | |
---|
2122 | USE constants, & |
---|
2123 | ONLY: pi |
---|
2124 | |
---|
2125 | USE cpulog, & |
---|
2126 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
---|
2127 | |
---|
2128 | USE indices, & |
---|
2129 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng, nzb, nzt |
---|
2130 | |
---|
2131 | USE kinds |
---|
2132 | |
---|
2133 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
2134 | ONLY: simulated_time |
---|
2135 | |
---|
2136 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
2137 | |
---|
2138 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
2139 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
2140 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
2141 | |
---|
2142 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
---|
2143 | REAL(wp) :: cond !< |
---|
2144 | REAL(wp) :: cond_max !< |
---|
2145 | REAL(wp) :: dc !< |
---|
2146 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
---|
2147 | REAL(wp) :: evap !< |
---|
2148 | REAL(wp) :: evap_nc !< |
---|
2149 | REAL(wp) :: g_fac !< |
---|
2150 | REAL(wp) :: nc_0 !< |
---|
2151 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
---|
2152 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
---|
2153 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
---|
2154 | REAL(wp) :: temp !< |
---|
2155 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
---|
2156 | |
---|
2157 | |
---|
2158 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
2159 | ! |
---|
2160 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
---|
2161 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt_1d(k) |
---|
2162 | ! |
---|
2163 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
---|
2164 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
---|
2165 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
---|
2166 | ) |
---|
2167 | ! |
---|
2168 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
---|
2169 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
---|
2170 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
---|
2171 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_1d(k) ) / & |
---|
2172 | ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
---|
2173 | |
---|
2174 | !-- Supersaturation: |
---|
2175 | sat = ( q_1d(k) - qr_1d(k) - qc_1d(k) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
---|
2176 | |
---|
2177 | |
---|
2178 | ! |
---|
2179 | !-- Actual temperature: |
---|
2180 | temp = t_l + l_d_cp * ( qc_1d(k) + qr_1d(k) ) |
---|
2181 | |
---|
2182 | g_fac = 1.0_wp / ( ( l_v / ( r_v * temp ) - 1.0_wp ) * & |
---|
2183 | l_v / ( thermal_conductivity_l * temp ) & |
---|
2184 | + r_v * temp / ( diff_coeff_l * e_s ) & |
---|
2185 | ) |
---|
2186 | ! |
---|
2187 | !-- Mean weight of cloud drops |
---|
2188 | IF ( nc_1d(k) <= 0.0_wp) CYCLE |
---|
2189 | xc = MAX( (hyrho(k) * qc_1d(k) / nc_1d(k)), xcmin) |
---|
2190 | ! |
---|
2191 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of cloud drops: |
---|
2192 | dc = ( xc * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
2193 | ! |
---|
2194 | !-- Integral diameter of cloud drops |
---|
2195 | nc_0 = nc_1d(k) * dc |
---|
2196 | ! |
---|
2197 | !-- Condensation needs only to be calculated in supersaturated regions |
---|
2198 | IF ( sat > 0.0_wp ) THEN |
---|
2199 | ! |
---|
2200 | !-- Condensation rate of cloud water content |
---|
2201 | !-- after KK scheme. |
---|
2202 | !-- (see: Khairoutdinov + Kogan, 2000, Mon. Wea. Rev.,128) |
---|
2203 | cond = 2.0_wp * pi * nc_0 * g_fac * sat / hyrho(k) |
---|
2204 | cond_max = q_1d(k) - q_s - qc_1d(k) - qr_1d(k) |
---|
2205 | cond = MIN( cond, cond_max / dt_micro ) |
---|
2206 | |
---|
2207 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) + cond * dt_micro |
---|
2208 | ELSEIF ( sat < 0.0_wp ) THEN |
---|
2209 | evap = 2.0_wp * pi * nc_0 * g_fac * sat / hyrho(k) |
---|
2210 | evap = MAX( evap, -qc_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
---|
2211 | |
---|
2212 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) + evap * dt_micro |
---|
2213 | ENDIF |
---|
2214 | ENDDO |
---|
2215 | |
---|
2216 | END SUBROUTINE condensation_ij |
---|
2217 | |
---|
2218 | |
---|
2219 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2220 | ! Description: |
---|
2221 | ! ------------ |
---|
2222 | !> Autoconversion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006). Call for grid point i,j |
---|
2223 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2224 | SUBROUTINE autoconversion_ij( i, j ) |
---|
2225 | |
---|
2226 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
2227 | ONLY: diss, dzu |
---|
2228 | |
---|
2229 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
2230 | ONLY: hyrho |
---|
2231 | |
---|
2232 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
2233 | ONLY: microphysics_morrison, rho_surface |
---|
2234 | |
---|
2235 | USE grid_variables, & |
---|
2236 | ONLY: dx, dy |
---|
2237 | |
---|
2238 | USE indices, & |
---|
2239 | ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
2240 | |
---|
2241 | USE kinds |
---|
2242 | |
---|
2243 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
2244 | |
---|
2245 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
2246 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
2247 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
2248 | |
---|
2249 | REAL(wp) :: alpha_cc !< |
---|
2250 | REAL(wp) :: autocon !< |
---|
2251 | REAL(wp) :: dissipation !< |
---|
2252 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
---|
2253 | REAL(wp) :: k_au !< |
---|
2254 | REAL(wp) :: l_mix !< |
---|
2255 | REAL(wp) :: nc_auto !< |
---|
2256 | REAL(wp) :: nu_c !< |
---|
2257 | REAL(wp) :: phi_au !< |
---|
2258 | REAL(wp) :: r_cc !< |
---|
2259 | REAL(wp) :: rc !< |
---|
2260 | REAL(wp) :: re_lambda !< |
---|
2261 | REAL(wp) :: sigma_cc !< |
---|
2262 | REAL(wp) :: tau_cloud !< |
---|
2263 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
---|
2264 | |
---|
2265 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
2266 | ! |
---|
2267 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
2268 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
2269 | nc_auto = MERGE ( nc_1d(k), nc_const, microphysics_morrison ) |
---|
2270 | |
---|
2271 | IF ( qc_1d(k) > eps_sb .AND. nc_auto > eps_mr ) THEN |
---|
2272 | |
---|
2273 | k_au = k_cc / ( 20.0_wp * x0 ) |
---|
2274 | ! |
---|
2275 | !-- Intern time scale of coagulation (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
2276 | !-- (1.0_wp - qc(k,j,i) / ( qc(k,j,i) + qr_1d(k) )) |
---|
2277 | tau_cloud = MAX( 1.0_wp - qc_1d(k) / ( qr_1d(k) + qc_1d(k) ), & |
---|
2278 | 0.0_wp ) |
---|
2279 | ! |
---|
2280 | !-- Universal function for autoconversion process |
---|
2281 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
2282 | phi_au = 600.0_wp * tau_cloud**0.68_wp * ( 1.0_wp - tau_cloud**0.68_wp )**3 |
---|
2283 | ! |
---|
2284 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Geoffroy et al., 2010): |
---|
2285 | !-- (Use constant nu_c = 1.0_wp instead?) |
---|
2286 | nu_c = 1.0_wp !MAX( 0.0_wp, 1580.0_wp * hyrho(k) * qc_1d(k) - 0.28_wp ) |
---|
2287 | ! |
---|
2288 | !-- Mean weight of cloud droplets: |
---|
2289 | xc = hyrho(k) * qc_1d(k) / nc_auto |
---|
2290 | ! |
---|
2291 | !-- Parameterized turbulence effects on autoconversion (Seifert, |
---|
2292 | !-- Nuijens and Stevens, 2010) |
---|
2293 | IF ( collision_turbulence ) THEN |
---|
2294 | ! |
---|
2295 | !-- Weight averaged radius of cloud droplets: |
---|
2296 | rc = 0.5_wp * ( xc * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
2297 | |
---|
2298 | alpha_cc = ( a_1 + a_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + a_3 * nu_c ) |
---|
2299 | r_cc = ( b_1 + b_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + b_3 * nu_c ) |
---|
2300 | sigma_cc = ( c_1 + c_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + c_3 * nu_c ) |
---|
2301 | ! |
---|
2302 | !-- Mixing length (neglecting distance to ground and stratification) |
---|
2303 | l_mix = ( dx * dy * dzu(k) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
2304 | ! |
---|
2305 | !-- Limit dissipation rate according to Seifert, Nuijens and |
---|
2306 | !-- Stevens (2010) |
---|
2307 | dissipation = MIN( 0.06_wp, diss(k,j,i) ) |
---|
2308 | ! |
---|
2309 | !-- Compute Taylor-microscale Reynolds number: |
---|
2310 | re_lambda = 6.0_wp / 11.0_wp * & |
---|
2311 | ( l_mix / c_const )**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
---|
2312 | SQRT( 15.0_wp / kin_vis_air ) * & |
---|
2313 | dissipation**( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) |
---|
2314 | ! |
---|
2315 | !-- The factor of 1.0E4 is needed to convert the dissipation rate |
---|
2316 | !-- from m2 s-3 to cm2 s-3. |
---|
2317 | k_au = k_au * ( 1.0_wp + & |
---|
2318 | dissipation * 1.0E4_wp * & |
---|
2319 | ( re_lambda * 1.0E-3_wp )**0.25_wp * & |
---|
2320 | ( alpha_cc * EXP( -1.0_wp * ( ( rc - r_cc ) / & |
---|
2321 | sigma_cc )**2 & |
---|
2322 | ) + beta_cc & |
---|
2323 | ) & |
---|
2324 | ) |
---|
2325 | ENDIF |
---|
2326 | ! |
---|
2327 | !-- Autoconversion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
2328 | autocon = k_au * ( nu_c + 2.0_wp ) * ( nu_c + 4.0_wp ) / & |
---|
2329 | ( nu_c + 1.0_wp )**2 * qc_1d(k)**2 * xc**2 * & |
---|
2330 | ( 1.0_wp + phi_au / ( 1.0_wp - tau_cloud )**2 ) * & |
---|
2331 | rho_surface |
---|
2332 | autocon = MIN( autocon, qc_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
---|
2333 | |
---|
2334 | qr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) + autocon * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2335 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) - autocon * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2336 | nr_1d(k) = nr_1d(k) + autocon / x0 * hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2337 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
---|
2338 | nc_1d(k) = nc_1d(k) - MIN( nc_1d(k), 2.0_wp * & |
---|
2339 | autocon / x0 * hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag ) |
---|
2340 | ENDIF |
---|
2341 | |
---|
2342 | ENDIF |
---|
2343 | |
---|
2344 | ENDDO |
---|
2345 | |
---|
2346 | END SUBROUTINE autoconversion_ij |
---|
2347 | |
---|
2348 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2349 | ! Description: |
---|
2350 | ! ------------ |
---|
2351 | !> Autoconversion process (Kessler, 1969). |
---|
2352 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2353 | SUBROUTINE autoconversion_kessler_ij( i, j ) |
---|
2354 | |
---|
2355 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
2356 | ONLY: dzw, prr |
---|
2357 | |
---|
2358 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
2359 | ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t |
---|
2360 | |
---|
2361 | USE indices, & |
---|
2362 | ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
2363 | |
---|
2364 | USE kinds |
---|
2365 | |
---|
2366 | USE surface_mod, & |
---|
2367 | ONLY: get_topography_top_index |
---|
2368 | |
---|
2369 | |
---|
2370 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
2371 | |
---|
2372 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
2373 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
2374 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
2375 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< topography top index |
---|
2376 | |
---|
2377 | REAL(wp) :: dqdt_precip !< |
---|
2378 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
---|
2379 | |
---|
2380 | ! |
---|
2381 | !-- Determine vertical index of topography top |
---|
2382 | k_wall = get_topography_top_index( j, i, 's' ) |
---|
2383 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
2384 | ! |
---|
2385 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
2386 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
2387 | |
---|
2388 | IF ( qc_1d(k) > ql_crit ) THEN |
---|
2389 | dqdt_precip = prec_time_const * ( qc_1d(k) - ql_crit ) |
---|
2390 | ELSE |
---|
2391 | dqdt_precip = 0.0_wp |
---|
2392 | ENDIF |
---|
2393 | |
---|
2394 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) - dqdt_precip * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2395 | q_1d(k) = q_1d(k) - dqdt_precip * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2396 | pt_1d(k) = pt_1d(k) + dqdt_precip * dt_micro * l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * flag |
---|
2397 | |
---|
2398 | ! |
---|
2399 | !-- Compute the rain rate (stored on surface grid point) |
---|
2400 | prr(k_wall,j,i) = prr(k_wall,j,i) + dqdt_precip * dzw(k) * flag |
---|
2401 | |
---|
2402 | ENDDO |
---|
2403 | |
---|
2404 | END SUBROUTINE autoconversion_kessler_ij |
---|
2405 | |
---|
2406 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2407 | ! Description: |
---|
2408 | ! ------------ |
---|
2409 | !> Accretion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006). Call for grid point i,j |
---|
2410 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2411 | SUBROUTINE accretion_ij( i, j ) |
---|
2412 | |
---|
2413 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
2414 | ONLY: diss |
---|
2415 | |
---|
2416 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
2417 | ONLY: hyrho |
---|
2418 | |
---|
2419 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
2420 | ONLY: microphysics_morrison, rho_surface |
---|
2421 | |
---|
2422 | USE indices, & |
---|
2423 | ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
2424 | |
---|
2425 | USE kinds |
---|
2426 | |
---|
2427 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
2428 | |
---|
2429 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
2430 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
2431 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
2432 | |
---|
2433 | REAL(wp) :: accr !< |
---|
2434 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
---|
2435 | REAL(wp) :: k_cr !< |
---|
2436 | REAL(wp) :: nc_accr !< |
---|
2437 | REAL(wp) :: phi_ac !< |
---|
2438 | REAL(wp) :: tau_cloud !< |
---|
2439 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
---|
2440 | |
---|
2441 | |
---|
2442 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
2443 | ! |
---|
2444 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
2445 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
2446 | nc_accr = MERGE ( nc_1d(k), nc_const, microphysics_morrison ) |
---|
2447 | |
---|
2448 | IF ( ( qc_1d(k) > eps_sb ) .AND. ( qr_1d(k) > eps_sb ) .AND. & |
---|
2449 | ( nc_accr > eps_mr ) ) THEN |
---|
2450 | ! |
---|
2451 | !-- Intern time scale of coagulation (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
2452 | tau_cloud = 1.0_wp - qc_1d(k) / ( qc_1d(k) + qr_1d(k) ) |
---|
2453 | ! |
---|
2454 | !-- Universal function for accretion process |
---|
2455 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2001): |
---|
2456 | phi_ac = ( tau_cloud / ( tau_cloud + 5.0E-5_wp ) )**4 |
---|
2457 | |
---|
2458 | ! |
---|
2459 | !-- Mean weight of cloud drops |
---|
2460 | xc = MAX( (hyrho(k) * qc_1d(k) / nc_accr), xcmin) |
---|
2461 | ! |
---|
2462 | !-- Parameterized turbulence effects on autoconversion (Seifert, |
---|
2463 | !-- Nuijens and Stevens, 2010). The factor of 1.0E4 is needed to |
---|
2464 | !-- convert the dissipation rate (diss) from m2 s-3 to cm2 s-3. |
---|
2465 | IF ( collision_turbulence ) THEN |
---|
2466 | k_cr = k_cr0 * ( 1.0_wp + 0.05_wp * & |
---|
2467 | MIN( 600.0_wp, & |
---|
2468 | diss(k,j,i) * 1.0E4_wp )**0.25_wp & |
---|
2469 | ) |
---|
2470 | ELSE |
---|
2471 | k_cr = k_cr0 |
---|
2472 | ENDIF |
---|
2473 | ! |
---|
2474 | !-- Accretion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
2475 | accr = k_cr * qc_1d(k) * qr_1d(k) * phi_ac * & |
---|
2476 | SQRT( rho_surface * hyrho(k) ) |
---|
2477 | accr = MIN( accr, qc_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
---|
2478 | |
---|
2479 | qr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) + accr * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2480 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) - accr * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2481 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
---|
2482 | nc_1d(k) = nc_1d(k) - MIN( nc_1d(k), accr / xc * & |
---|
2483 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag & |
---|
2484 | ) |
---|
2485 | ENDIF |
---|
2486 | |
---|
2487 | |
---|
2488 | ENDIF |
---|
2489 | |
---|
2490 | ENDDO |
---|
2491 | |
---|
2492 | END SUBROUTINE accretion_ij |
---|
2493 | |
---|
2494 | |
---|
2495 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2496 | ! Description: |
---|
2497 | ! ------------ |
---|
2498 | !> Collisional breakup rate (Seifert, 2008). Call for grid point i,j |
---|
2499 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2500 | SUBROUTINE selfcollection_breakup_ij( i, j ) |
---|
2501 | |
---|
2502 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
2503 | ONLY: hyrho |
---|
2504 | |
---|
2505 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
2506 | ONLY: rho_surface |
---|
2507 | |
---|
2508 | USE indices, & |
---|
2509 | ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
2510 | |
---|
2511 | USE kinds |
---|
2512 | |
---|
2513 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
2514 | |
---|
2515 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
2516 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
2517 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
2518 | |
---|
2519 | REAL(wp) :: breakup !< |
---|
2520 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
---|
2521 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
---|
2522 | REAL(wp) :: phi_br !< |
---|
2523 | REAL(wp) :: selfcoll !< |
---|
2524 | |
---|
2525 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
2526 | ! |
---|
2527 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
2528 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
2529 | |
---|
2530 | IF ( qr_1d(k) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
2531 | ! |
---|
2532 | !-- Selfcollection rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2001): |
---|
2533 | selfcoll = k_rr * nr_1d(k) * qr_1d(k) * SQRT( hyrho(k) * rho_surface ) |
---|
2534 | ! |
---|
2535 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
---|
2536 | dr = ( hyrho(k) * qr_1d(k) / nr_1d(k) * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
2537 | ! |
---|
2538 | !-- Collisional breakup rate (Seifert, 2008): |
---|
2539 | IF ( dr >= 0.3E-3_wp ) THEN |
---|
2540 | phi_br = k_br * ( dr - 1.1E-3_wp ) |
---|
2541 | breakup = selfcoll * ( phi_br + 1.0_wp ) |
---|
2542 | ELSE |
---|
2543 | breakup = 0.0_wp |
---|
2544 | ENDIF |
---|
2545 | |
---|
2546 | selfcoll = MAX( breakup - selfcoll, -nr_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
---|
2547 | nr_1d(k) = nr_1d(k) + selfcoll * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2548 | |
---|
2549 | ENDIF |
---|
2550 | ENDDO |
---|
2551 | |
---|
2552 | END SUBROUTINE selfcollection_breakup_ij |
---|
2553 | |
---|
2554 | |
---|
2555 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2556 | ! Description: |
---|
2557 | ! ------------ |
---|
2558 | !> Evaporation of precipitable water. Condensation is neglected for |
---|
2559 | !> precipitable water. Call for grid point i,j |
---|
2560 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2561 | SUBROUTINE evaporation_rain_ij( i, j ) |
---|
2562 | |
---|
2563 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
2564 | ONLY: hyp |
---|
2565 | |
---|
2566 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
2567 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, r_v, t_d_pt |
---|
2568 | |
---|
2569 | USE constants, & |
---|
2570 | ONLY: pi |
---|
2571 | |
---|
2572 | USE indices, & |
---|
2573 | ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
2574 | |
---|
2575 | USE kinds |
---|
2576 | |
---|
2577 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
2578 | |
---|
2579 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
2580 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
2581 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
2582 | |
---|
2583 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
---|
2584 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
---|
2585 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
---|
2586 | REAL(wp) :: evap !< |
---|
2587 | REAL(wp) :: evap_nr !< |
---|
2588 | REAL(wp) :: f_vent !< |
---|
2589 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
---|
2590 | REAL(wp) :: g_evap !< |
---|
2591 | REAL(wp) :: lambda_r !< |
---|
2592 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r !< |
---|
2593 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r_2 !< |
---|
2594 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r_5d2 !< |
---|
2595 | REAL(wp) :: nr_0 !< |
---|
2596 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
---|
2597 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
---|
2598 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
---|
2599 | REAL(wp) :: temp !< |
---|
2600 | REAL(wp) :: xr !< |
---|
2601 | |
---|
2602 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
2603 | ! |
---|
2604 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
2605 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
2606 | |
---|
2607 | IF ( qr_1d(k) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
2608 | ! |
---|
2609 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
---|
2610 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt_1d(k) |
---|
2611 | ! |
---|
2612 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
---|
2613 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
---|
2614 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
---|
2615 | ) |
---|
2616 | ! |
---|
2617 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
---|
2618 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
---|
2619 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
---|
2620 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_1d(k) ) / ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
---|
2621 | ! |
---|
2622 | !-- Supersaturation: |
---|
2623 | sat = ( q_1d(k) - qr_1d(k) - qc_1d(k) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
---|
2624 | ! |
---|
2625 | !-- Evaporation needs only to be calculated in subsaturated regions |
---|
2626 | IF ( sat < 0.0_wp ) THEN |
---|
2627 | ! |
---|
2628 | !-- Actual temperature: |
---|
2629 | temp = t_l + l_d_cp * ( qc_1d(k) + qr_1d(k) ) |
---|
2630 | |
---|
2631 | g_evap = 1.0_wp / ( ( l_v / ( r_v * temp ) - 1.0_wp ) * l_v / & |
---|
2632 | ( thermal_conductivity_l * temp ) + & |
---|
2633 | r_v * temp / ( diff_coeff_l * e_s ) & |
---|
2634 | ) |
---|
2635 | ! |
---|
2636 | !-- Mean weight of rain drops |
---|
2637 | xr = hyrho(k) * qr_1d(k) / nr_1d(k) |
---|
2638 | ! |
---|
2639 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
---|
2640 | dr = ( xr * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
2641 | ! |
---|
2642 | !-- Compute ventilation factor and intercept parameter |
---|
2643 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2006; Seifert, 2008): |
---|
2644 | IF ( ventilation_effect ) THEN |
---|
2645 | ! |
---|
2646 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Milbrandt and Yau, 2005; |
---|
2647 | !-- Stevens and Seifert, 2008): |
---|
2648 | mu_r = 10.0_wp * ( 1.0_wp + TANH( 1.2E3_wp * ( dr - 1.4E-3_wp ) ) ) |
---|
2649 | ! |
---|
2650 | !-- Slope parameter of gamma distribution (Seifert, 2008): |
---|
2651 | lambda_r = ( ( mu_r + 3.0_wp ) * ( mu_r + 2.0_wp ) * & |
---|
2652 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) & |
---|
2653 | )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) / dr |
---|
2654 | |
---|
2655 | mu_r_2 = mu_r + 2.0_wp |
---|
2656 | mu_r_5d2 = mu_r + 2.5_wp |
---|
2657 | |
---|
2658 | f_vent = a_vent * gamm( mu_r_2 ) * lambda_r**( -mu_r_2 ) + & |
---|
2659 | b_vent * schmidt_p_1d3 * & |
---|
2660 | SQRT( a_term / kin_vis_air ) * gamm( mu_r_5d2 ) * & |
---|
2661 | lambda_r**( -mu_r_5d2 ) * & |
---|
2662 | ( 1.0_wp - & |
---|
2663 | 0.5_wp * ( b_term / a_term ) * & |
---|
2664 | ( lambda_r / ( c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
2665 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
---|
2666 | 0.125_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**2 * & |
---|
2667 | ( lambda_r / ( 2.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
2668 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
---|
2669 | 0.0625_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**3 * & |
---|
2670 | ( lambda_r / ( 3.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
2671 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
---|
2672 | 0.0390625_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**4 * & |
---|
2673 | ( lambda_r / ( 4.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
---|
2674 | )**mu_r_5d2 & |
---|
2675 | ) |
---|
2676 | |
---|
2677 | nr_0 = nr_1d(k) * lambda_r**( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) / & |
---|
2678 | gamm( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) |
---|
2679 | ELSE |
---|
2680 | f_vent = 1.0_wp |
---|
2681 | nr_0 = nr_1d(k) * dr |
---|
2682 | ENDIF |
---|
2683 | ! |
---|
2684 | !-- Evaporation rate of rain water content (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
---|
2685 | evap = 2.0_wp * pi * nr_0 * g_evap * f_vent * sat / hyrho(k) |
---|
2686 | evap = MAX( evap, -qr_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
---|
2687 | evap_nr = MAX( c_evap * evap / xr * hyrho(k), & |
---|
2688 | -nr_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
---|
2689 | |
---|
2690 | qr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) + evap * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2691 | nr_1d(k) = nr_1d(k) + evap_nr * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2692 | |
---|
2693 | ENDIF |
---|
2694 | ENDIF |
---|
2695 | |
---|
2696 | ENDDO |
---|
2697 | |
---|
2698 | END SUBROUTINE evaporation_rain_ij |
---|
2699 | |
---|
2700 | |
---|
2701 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2702 | ! Description: |
---|
2703 | ! ------------ |
---|
2704 | !> Sedimentation of cloud droplets (Ackermann et al., 2009, MWR). |
---|
2705 | !> Call for grid point i,j |
---|
2706 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2707 | SUBROUTINE sedimentation_cloud_ij( i, j ) |
---|
2708 | |
---|
2709 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
2710 | ONLY: ddzu, dzu, prr |
---|
2711 | |
---|
2712 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
2713 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, pt_d_t |
---|
2714 | |
---|
2715 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
2716 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, & |
---|
2717 | intermediate_timestep_count, microphysics_morrison |
---|
2718 | |
---|
2719 | USE indices, & |
---|
2720 | ONLY: nzb, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
2721 | |
---|
2722 | USE kinds |
---|
2723 | |
---|
2724 | USE statistics, & |
---|
2725 | ONLY: weight_substep |
---|
2726 | |
---|
2727 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
2728 | |
---|
2729 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
---|
2730 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
2731 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
---|
2732 | |
---|
2733 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
---|
2734 | REAL(wp) :: nc_sedi !< |
---|
2735 | |
---|
2736 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_nc !< |
---|
2737 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_qc !< |
---|
2738 | |
---|
2739 | sed_qc(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
2740 | sed_nc(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
2741 | |
---|
2742 | |
---|
2743 | DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1 |
---|
2744 | ! |
---|
2745 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
2746 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
2747 | nc_sedi = MERGE( nc_1d(k), nc_const, microphysics_morrison ) |
---|
2748 | ! |
---|
2749 | !-- Sedimentation fluxes for number concentration are only calculated |
---|
2750 | !-- for cloud_scheme = 'morrison' |
---|
2751 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
---|
2752 | IF ( qc_1d(k) > eps_sb .AND. nc_1d(k) > eps_mr ) THEN |
---|
2753 | sed_nc(k) = sed_qc_const * & |
---|
2754 | ( qc_1d(k) * hyrho(k) )**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
---|
2755 | ( nc_1d(k) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
2756 | ELSE |
---|
2757 | sed_nc(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
2758 | ENDIF |
---|
2759 | |
---|
2760 | sed_nc(k) = MIN( sed_nc(k), hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * & |
---|
2761 | nc_1d(k) / dt_micro + sed_nc(k+1) & |
---|
2762 | ) * flag |
---|
2763 | |
---|
2764 | nc_1d(k) = nc_1d(k) + ( sed_nc(k+1) - sed_nc(k) ) * & |
---|
2765 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2766 | ENDIF |
---|
2767 | |
---|
2768 | IF ( qc_1d(k) > eps_sb .AND. nc_sedi > eps_mr ) THEN |
---|
2769 | sed_qc(k) = sed_qc_const * nc_sedi**( -2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
---|
2770 | ( qc_1d(k) * hyrho(k) )**( 5.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * flag |
---|
2771 | ELSE |
---|
2772 | sed_qc(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
2773 | ENDIF |
---|
2774 | |
---|
2775 | sed_qc(k) = MIN( sed_qc(k), hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * q_1d(k) / & |
---|
2776 | dt_micro + sed_qc(k+1) & |
---|
2777 | ) * flag |
---|
2778 | |
---|
2779 | q_1d(k) = q_1d(k) + ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
2780 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2781 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) + ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
2782 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2783 | pt_1d(k) = pt_1d(k) - ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
2784 | hyrho(k) * l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2785 | |
---|
2786 | ! |
---|
2787 | !-- Compute the precipitation rate of cloud (fog) droplets |
---|
2788 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
---|
2789 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qc(k) / hyrho(k) * & |
---|
2790 | weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count) * flag |
---|
2791 | ELSE |
---|
2792 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qc(k) / hyrho(k) * flag |
---|
2793 | ENDIF |
---|
2794 | |
---|
2795 | ENDDO |
---|
2796 | |
---|
2797 | END SUBROUTINE sedimentation_cloud_ij |
---|
2798 | |
---|
2799 | |
---|
2800 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2801 | ! Description: |
---|
2802 | ! ------------ |
---|
2803 | !> Computation of sedimentation flux. Implementation according to Stevens |
---|
2804 | !> and Seifert (2008). Code is based on UCLA-LES. Call for grid point i,j |
---|
2805 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
2806 | SUBROUTINE sedimentation_rain_ij( i, j ) |
---|
2807 | |
---|
2808 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
2809 | ONLY: ddzu, dzu, prr |
---|
2810 | |
---|
2811 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
2812 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, pt_d_t |
---|
2813 | |
---|
2814 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
2815 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, intermediate_timestep_count |
---|
2816 | |
---|
2817 | USE indices, & |
---|
2818 | ONLY: nzb, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
2819 | |
---|
2820 | USE kinds |
---|
2821 | |
---|
2822 | USE statistics, & |
---|
2823 | ONLY: weight_substep |
---|
2824 | |
---|
2825 | USE surface_mod, & |
---|
2826 | ONLY : bc_h |
---|
2827 | |
---|
2828 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
2829 | |
---|
2830 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction |
---|
2831 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction |
---|
2832 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction |
---|
2833 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k_run !< |
---|
2834 | INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements |
---|
2835 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_e !< End index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
---|
2836 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_s !< Start index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
---|
2837 | |
---|
2838 | REAL(wp) :: c_run !< |
---|
2839 | REAL(wp) :: d_max !< |
---|
2840 | REAL(wp) :: d_mean !< |
---|
2841 | REAL(wp) :: d_min !< |
---|
2842 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
---|
2843 | REAL(wp) :: flux !< |
---|
2844 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
---|
2845 | REAL(wp) :: lambda_r !< |
---|
2846 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r !< |
---|
2847 | REAL(wp) :: z_run !< |
---|
2848 | |
---|
2849 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: c_nr !< |
---|
2850 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: c_qr !< |
---|
2851 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: nr_slope !< |
---|
2852 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: qr_slope !< |
---|
2853 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_nr !< |
---|
2854 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_qr !< |
---|
2855 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: w_nr !< |
---|
2856 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: w_qr !< |
---|
2857 | |
---|
2858 | ! |
---|
2859 | !-- Compute velocities |
---|
2860 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
2861 | ! |
---|
2862 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
2863 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
2864 | |
---|
2865 | IF ( qr_1d(k) > eps_sb ) THEN |
---|
2866 | ! |
---|
2867 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
---|
2868 | dr = ( hyrho(k) * qr_1d(k) / nr_1d(k) * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
---|
2869 | ! |
---|
2870 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Milbrandt and Yau, 2005; |
---|
2871 | !-- Stevens and Seifert, 2008): |
---|
2872 | mu_r = 10.0_wp * ( 1.0_wp + TANH( 1.2E3_wp * ( dr - 1.4E-3_wp ) ) ) |
---|
2873 | ! |
---|
2874 | !-- Slope parameter of gamma distribution (Seifert, 2008): |
---|
2875 | lambda_r = ( ( mu_r + 3.0_wp ) * ( mu_r + 2.0_wp ) * & |
---|
2876 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) / dr |
---|
2877 | |
---|
2878 | w_nr(k) = MAX( 0.1_wp, MIN( 20.0_wp, & |
---|
2879 | a_term - b_term * ( 1.0_wp + & |
---|
2880 | c_term / lambda_r )**( -1.0_wp * & |
---|
2881 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) ) & |
---|
2882 | ) & |
---|
2883 | ) * flag |
---|
2884 | w_qr(k) = MAX( 0.1_wp, MIN( 20.0_wp, & |
---|
2885 | a_term - b_term * ( 1.0_wp + & |
---|
2886 | c_term / lambda_r )**( -1.0_wp * & |
---|
2887 | ( mu_r + 4.0_wp ) ) & |
---|
2888 | ) & |
---|
2889 | ) * flag |
---|
2890 | ELSE |
---|
2891 | w_nr(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
2892 | w_qr(k) = 0.0_wp |
---|
2893 | ENDIF |
---|
2894 | ENDDO |
---|
2895 | ! |
---|
2896 | !-- Adjust boundary values using surface data type. |
---|
2897 | !-- Upward facing non-natural |
---|
2898 | surf_s = bc_h(0)%start_index(j,i) |
---|
2899 | surf_e = bc_h(0)%end_index(j,i) |
---|
2900 | DO m = surf_s, surf_e |
---|
2901 | k = bc_h(0)%k(m) |
---|
2902 | w_nr(k-1) = w_nr(k) |
---|
2903 | w_qr(k-1) = w_qr(k) |
---|
2904 | ENDDO |
---|
2905 | ! |
---|
2906 | !-- Downward facing non-natural |
---|
2907 | surf_s = bc_h(1)%start_index(j,i) |
---|
2908 | surf_e = bc_h(1)%end_index(j,i) |
---|
2909 | DO m = surf_s, surf_e |
---|
2910 | k = bc_h(1)%k(m) |
---|
2911 | w_nr(k+1) = w_nr(k) |
---|
2912 | w_qr(k+1) = w_qr(k) |
---|
2913 | ENDDO |
---|
2914 | ! |
---|
2915 | !-- Neumann boundary condition at model top |
---|
2916 | w_nr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
2917 | w_qr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
2918 | ! |
---|
2919 | !-- Compute Courant number |
---|
2920 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
2921 | ! |
---|
2922 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
2923 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
2924 | |
---|
2925 | c_nr(k) = 0.25_wp * ( w_nr(k-1) + 2.0_wp * w_nr(k) + w_nr(k+1) ) * & |
---|
2926 | dt_micro * ddzu(k) * flag |
---|
2927 | c_qr(k) = 0.25_wp * ( w_qr(k-1) + 2.0_wp * w_qr(k) + w_qr(k+1) ) * & |
---|
2928 | dt_micro * ddzu(k) * flag |
---|
2929 | ENDDO |
---|
2930 | ! |
---|
2931 | !-- Limit slopes with monotonized centered (MC) limiter (van Leer, 1977): |
---|
2932 | IF ( limiter_sedimentation ) THEN |
---|
2933 | |
---|
2934 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
---|
2935 | ! |
---|
2936 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
2937 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
2938 | |
---|
2939 | d_mean = 0.5_wp * ( qr_1d(k+1) - qr_1d(k-1) ) |
---|
2940 | d_min = qr_1d(k) - MIN( qr_1d(k+1), qr_1d(k), qr_1d(k-1) ) |
---|
2941 | d_max = MAX( qr_1d(k+1), qr_1d(k), qr_1d(k-1) ) - qr_1d(k) |
---|
2942 | |
---|
2943 | qr_slope(k) = SIGN(1.0_wp, d_mean) * MIN ( 2.0_wp * d_min, & |
---|
2944 | 2.0_wp * d_max, & |
---|
2945 | ABS( d_mean ) ) * flag |
---|
2946 | |
---|
2947 | d_mean = 0.5_wp * ( nr_1d(k+1) - nr_1d(k-1) ) |
---|
2948 | d_min = nr_1d(k) - MIN( nr_1d(k+1), nr_1d(k), nr_1d(k-1) ) |
---|
2949 | d_max = MAX( nr_1d(k+1), nr_1d(k), nr_1d(k-1) ) - nr_1d(k) |
---|
2950 | |
---|
2951 | nr_slope(k) = SIGN(1.0_wp, d_mean) * MIN ( 2.0_wp * d_min, & |
---|
2952 | 2.0_wp * d_max, & |
---|
2953 | ABS( d_mean ) ) * flag |
---|
2954 | ENDDO |
---|
2955 | |
---|
2956 | ELSE |
---|
2957 | |
---|
2958 | nr_slope = 0.0_wp |
---|
2959 | qr_slope = 0.0_wp |
---|
2960 | |
---|
2961 | ENDIF |
---|
2962 | |
---|
2963 | sed_nr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
2964 | sed_qr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
---|
2965 | ! |
---|
2966 | !-- Compute sedimentation flux |
---|
2967 | DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1 |
---|
2968 | ! |
---|
2969 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
---|
2970 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
---|
2971 | ! |
---|
2972 | !-- Sum up all rain drop number densities which contribute to the flux |
---|
2973 | !-- through k-1/2 |
---|
2974 | flux = 0.0_wp |
---|
2975 | z_run = 0.0_wp ! height above z(k) |
---|
2976 | k_run = k |
---|
2977 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_nr(k) ) |
---|
2978 | DO WHILE ( c_run > 0.0_wp .AND. k_run <= nzt ) |
---|
2979 | flux = flux + hyrho(k_run) * & |
---|
2980 | ( nr_1d(k_run) + nr_slope(k_run) * ( 1.0_wp - c_run ) * & |
---|
2981 | 0.5_wp ) * c_run * dzu(k_run) * flag |
---|
2982 | z_run = z_run + dzu(k_run) * flag |
---|
2983 | k_run = k_run + 1 * flag |
---|
2984 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_nr(k_run) - z_run * ddzu(k_run) ) * flag |
---|
2985 | ENDDO |
---|
2986 | ! |
---|
2987 | !-- It is not allowed to sediment more rain drop number density than |
---|
2988 | !-- available |
---|
2989 | flux = MIN( flux, & |
---|
2990 | hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * nr_1d(k) + sed_nr(k+1) * dt_micro ) |
---|
2991 | |
---|
2992 | sed_nr(k) = flux / dt_micro * flag |
---|
2993 | nr_1d(k) = nr_1d(k) + ( sed_nr(k+1) - sed_nr(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
2994 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
2995 | ! |
---|
2996 | !-- Sum up all rain water content which contributes to the flux |
---|
2997 | !-- through k-1/2 |
---|
2998 | flux = 0.0_wp |
---|
2999 | z_run = 0.0_wp ! height above z(k) |
---|
3000 | k_run = k |
---|
3001 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_qr(k) ) |
---|
3002 | |
---|
3003 | DO WHILE ( c_run > 0.0_wp .AND. k_run <= nzt ) |
---|
3004 | |
---|
3005 | flux = flux + hyrho(k_run) * & |
---|
3006 | ( qr_1d(k_run) + qr_slope(k_run) * ( 1.0_wp - c_run ) * & |
---|
3007 | 0.5_wp ) * c_run * dzu(k_run) * flag |
---|
3008 | z_run = z_run + dzu(k_run) * flag |
---|
3009 | k_run = k_run + 1 * flag |
---|
3010 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_qr(k_run) - z_run * ddzu(k_run) ) * flag |
---|
3011 | |
---|
3012 | ENDDO |
---|
3013 | ! |
---|
3014 | !-- It is not allowed to sediment more rain water content than available |
---|
3015 | flux = MIN( flux, & |
---|
3016 | hyrho(k) * dzu(k) * qr_1d(k) + sed_qr(k+1) * dt_micro ) |
---|
3017 | |
---|
3018 | sed_qr(k) = flux / dt_micro * flag |
---|
3019 | |
---|
3020 | qr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) + ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
3021 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
3022 | q_1d(k) = q_1d(k) + ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
3023 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
3024 | pt_1d(k) = pt_1d(k) - ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
---|
3025 | hyrho(k) * l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * dt_micro * flag |
---|
3026 | ! |
---|
3027 | !-- Compute the rain rate |
---|
3028 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
---|
3029 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k) / hyrho(k) & |
---|
3030 | * weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count) * flag |
---|
3031 | ELSE |
---|
3032 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k) / hyrho(k) * flag |
---|
3033 | ENDIF |
---|
3034 | |
---|
3035 | ENDDO |
---|
3036 | |
---|
3037 | END SUBROUTINE sedimentation_rain_ij |
---|
3038 | |
---|
3039 | |
---|
3040 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
3041 | ! Description: |
---|
3042 | ! ------------ |
---|
3043 | !> This subroutine computes the precipitation amount due to gravitational |
---|
3044 | !> settling of rain and cloud (fog) droplets |
---|
3045 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
3046 | SUBROUTINE calc_precipitation_amount_ij( i, j ) |
---|
3047 | |
---|
3048 | USE arrays_3d, & |
---|
3049 | ONLY: precipitation_amount, prr |
---|
3050 | |
---|
3051 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
---|
3052 | ONLY: hyrho |
---|
3053 | |
---|
3054 | USE control_parameters, & |
---|
3055 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_do2d_xy, dt_3d, & |
---|
3056 | intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max,& |
---|
3057 | precipitation_amount_interval, time_do2d_xy |
---|
3058 | |
---|
3059 | USE indices, & |
---|
3060 | ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
---|
3061 | |
---|
3062 | USE kinds |
---|
3063 | |
---|
3064 | USE surface_mod, & |
---|
3065 | ONLY : bc_h |
---|
3066 | |
---|
3067 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
3068 | |
---|
3069 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction |
---|
3070 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction |
---|
3071 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction |
---|
3072 | INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements |
---|
3073 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_e !< End index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
---|
3074 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_s !< Start index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
---|
3075 | |
---|
3076 | IF ( ( dt_do2d_xy - time_do2d_xy ) < precipitation_amount_interval .AND.& |
---|
3077 | ( .NOT. call_microphysics_at_all_substeps .OR. & |
---|
3078 | intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) ) & |
---|
3079 | THEN |
---|
3080 | |
---|
3081 | surf_s = bc_h(0)%start_index(j,i) |
---|
3082 | surf_e = bc_h(0)%end_index(j,i) |
---|
3083 | DO m = surf_s, surf_e |
---|
3084 | k = bc_h(0)%k(m) |
---|
3085 | precipitation_amount(j,i) = precipitation_amount(j,i) + & |
---|
3086 | prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) * dt_3d |
---|
3087 | ENDDO |
---|
3088 | |
---|
3089 | ENDIF |
---|
3090 | |
---|
3091 | END SUBROUTINE calc_precipitation_amount_ij |
---|
3092 | |
---|
3093 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
3094 | ! Description: |
---|
3095 | ! ------------ |
---|
3096 | !> This function computes the gamma function (Press et al., 1992). |
---|
3097 | !> The gamma function is needed for the calculation of the evaporation |
---|
3098 | !> of rain drops. |
---|
3099 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
---|
3100 | FUNCTION gamm( xx ) |
---|
3101 | |
---|
3102 | USE kinds |
---|
3103 | |
---|
3104 | IMPLICIT NONE |
---|
3105 | |
---|
3106 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
---|
3107 | |
---|
3108 | REAL(wp) :: gamm !< |
---|
3109 | REAL(wp) :: ser !< |
---|
3110 | REAL(wp) :: tmp !< |
---|
3111 | REAL(wp) :: x_gamm !< |
---|
3112 | REAL(wp) :: xx !< |
---|
3113 | REAL(wp) :: y_gamm !< |
---|
3114 | |
---|
3115 | |
---|
3116 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: stp = 2.5066282746310005_wp !< |
---|
3117 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: cof(6) = (/ 76.18009172947146_wp, & |
---|
3118 | -86.50532032941677_wp, & |
---|
3119 | 24.01409824083091_wp, & |
---|
3120 | -1.231739572450155_wp, & |
---|
3121 | 0.1208650973866179E-2_wp, & |
---|
3122 | -0.5395239384953E-5_wp /) !< |
---|
3123 | |
---|
3124 | x_gamm = xx |
---|
3125 | y_gamm = x_gamm |
---|
3126 | tmp = x_gamm + 5.5_wp |
---|
3127 | tmp = ( x_gamm + 0.5_wp ) * LOG( tmp ) - tmp |
---|
3128 | ser = 1.000000000190015_wp |
---|
3129 | |
---|
3130 | DO j = 1, 6 |
---|
3131 | y_gamm = y_gamm + 1.0_wp |
---|
3132 | ser = ser + cof( j ) / y_gamm |
---|
3133 | ENDDO |
---|
3134 | |
---|
3135 | ! |
---|
3136 | !-- Until this point the algorithm computes the logarithm of the gamma |
---|
3137 | !-- function. Hence, the exponential function is used. |
---|
3138 | ! gamm = EXP( tmp + LOG( stp * ser / x_gamm ) ) |
---|
3139 | gamm = EXP( tmp ) * stp * ser / x_gamm |
---|
3140 | |
---|
3141 | RETURN |
---|
3142 | |
---|
3143 | END FUNCTION gamm |
---|
3144 | |
---|
3145 | END MODULE microphysics_mod |
---|