| 1 | !> @file microphysics_mod.f90 |
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| 2 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 3 | ! This file is part of PALM. |
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| 4 | ! |
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| 5 | ! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the |
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| 6 | ! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software |
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| 7 | ! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later |
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| 8 | ! version. |
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| 9 | ! |
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| 10 | ! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY |
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| 11 | ! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR |
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| 12 | ! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. |
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| 13 | ! |
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| 14 | ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with |
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| 15 | ! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
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| 16 | ! |
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| 17 | ! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover |
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| 18 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 19 | ! |
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| 20 | ! Current revisions: |
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| 21 | ! ------------------ |
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| 22 | ! |
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| 23 | ! |
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| 24 | ! Former revisions: |
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| 25 | ! ----------------- |
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| 26 | ! $Id: microphysics_mod.f90 2312 2017-07-14 20:26:51Z maronga $ |
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| 27 | ! s1 changed to log_sigma |
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| 28 | ! |
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| 29 | ! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel |
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| 30 | ! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison' |
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| 31 | ! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc) |
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| 32 | ! and cloud water content (qc). |
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| 33 | ! - The process of activation is parameterized with a simple Twomey |
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| 34 | ! activion scheme or with considering solution and curvature |
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| 35 | ! effects (Khvorostyanov and Curry ,2006). |
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| 36 | ! - The saturation adjustment scheme is replaced by the parameterization |
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| 37 | ! of condensation rates (Khairoutdinov and Kogan, 2000, Mon. Wea. Rev.,128). |
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| 38 | ! - All other microphysical processes of Seifert and Beheng are used. |
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| 39 | ! Additionally, in those processes the reduction of cloud number concentration |
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| 40 | ! is considered. |
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| 41 | ! |
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| 42 | ! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring |
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| 43 | ! |
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| 44 | ! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring |
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| 45 | ! Adjustments to new topography and surface concept |
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| 46 | ! |
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| 47 | ! 2155 2017-02-21 09:57:40Z hoffmann |
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| 48 | ! Bugfix in the calculation of microphysical quantities on ghost points. |
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| 49 | ! |
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| 50 | ! 2031 2016-10-21 15:11:58Z knoop |
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| 51 | ! renamed variable rho to rho_ocean |
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| 52 | ! |
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| 53 | ! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop |
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| 54 | ! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns |
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| 55 | ! |
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| 56 | ! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga |
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| 57 | ! Module renamed |
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| 58 | ! Adapted for modularization of microphysics. |
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| 59 | ! |
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| 60 | ! 1845 2016-04-08 08:29:13Z raasch |
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| 61 | ! nzb_2d replaced by nzb_s_inner, Kessler precipitation is stored at surface |
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| 62 | ! point (instead of one point above surface) |
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| 63 | ! |
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| 64 | ! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann |
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| 65 | ! turbulence renamed collision_turbulence, |
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| 66 | ! drizzle renamed cloud_water_sedimentation. cloud_water_sedimentation also |
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| 67 | ! avaialble for microphysics_kessler. |
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| 68 | ! |
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| 69 | ! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann |
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| 70 | ! Unused variables removed. |
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| 71 | ! Kessler scheme integrated. |
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| 72 | ! |
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| 73 | ! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga |
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| 74 | ! Added new routine calc_precipitation_amount. The routine now allows to account |
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| 75 | ! for precipitation due to sedimenation of cloud (fog) droplets |
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| 76 | ! |
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| 77 | ! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop |
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| 78 | ! Code annotations made doxygen readable |
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| 79 | ! |
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| 80 | ! 1646 2015-09-02 16:00:10Z hoffmann |
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| 81 | ! Bugfix: Wrong computation of d_mean. |
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| 82 | ! |
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| 83 | ! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann |
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| 84 | ! Bugfix in sedimentation_rain: Index corrected. |
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| 85 | ! Vectorized version of adjust_cloud added. |
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| 86 | ! Little reformatting of the code. |
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| 87 | ! |
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| 88 | ! 1353 2014-04-08 15:21:23Z heinze |
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| 89 | ! REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute |
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| 90 | ! |
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| 91 | ! 1346 2014-03-27 13:18:20Z heinze |
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| 92 | ! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute especially in call of |
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| 93 | ! intrinsic function like MAX, MIN, SIGN |
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| 94 | ! |
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| 95 | ! 1334 2014-03-25 12:21:40Z heinze |
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| 96 | ! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute |
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| 97 | ! |
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| 98 | ! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch |
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| 99 | ! REAL constants defined as wp-kind |
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| 100 | ! |
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| 101 | ! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch |
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| 102 | ! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements, |
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| 103 | ! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements, |
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| 104 | ! kinds are defined in new module kinds, |
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| 105 | ! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to |
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| 106 | ! all variable declaration statements |
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| 107 | ! |
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| 108 | ! 1241 2013-10-30 11:36:58Z heinze |
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| 109 | ! hyp and rho_ocean have to be calculated at each time step if data from external |
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| 110 | ! file LSF_DATA are used |
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| 111 | ! |
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| 112 | ! 1115 2013-03-26 18:16:16Z hoffmann |
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| 113 | ! microphyical tendencies are calculated in microphysics_control in an optimized |
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| 114 | ! way; unrealistic values are prevented; bugfix in evaporation; some reformatting |
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| 115 | ! |
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| 116 | ! 1106 2013-03-04 05:31:38Z raasch |
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| 117 | ! small changes in code formatting |
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| 118 | ! |
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| 119 | ! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch |
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| 120 | ! unused variables removed |
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| 121 | ! file put under GPL |
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| 122 | ! |
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| 123 | ! 1065 2012-11-22 17:42:36Z hoffmann |
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| 124 | ! Sedimentation process implemented according to Stevens and Seifert (2008). |
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| 125 | ! Turbulence effects on autoconversion and accretion added (Seifert, Nuijens |
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| 126 | ! and Stevens, 2010). |
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| 127 | ! |
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| 128 | ! 1053 2012-11-13 17:11:03Z hoffmann |
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| 129 | ! initial revision |
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| 130 | ! |
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| 131 | ! Description: |
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| 132 | ! ------------ |
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| 133 | !> Calculate bilk cloud microphysics. |
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| 134 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 135 | MODULE microphysics_mod |
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| 136 | |
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| 137 | USE kinds |
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| 138 | |
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| 139 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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| 140 | |
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| 141 | LOGICAL :: cloud_water_sedimentation = .FALSE. !< cloud water sedimentation |
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| 142 | LOGICAL :: curvature_solution_effects_bulk = .FALSE. !< flag for considering koehler theory |
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| 143 | LOGICAL :: limiter_sedimentation = .TRUE. !< sedimentation limiter |
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| 144 | LOGICAL :: collision_turbulence = .FALSE. !< turbulence effects |
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| 145 | LOGICAL :: ventilation_effect = .TRUE. !< ventilation effect |
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| 146 | |
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| 147 | REAL(wp) :: a_1 = 8.69E-4_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (cm-2 s3) |
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| 148 | REAL(wp) :: a_2 = -7.38E-5_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (cm-2 s3) |
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| 149 | REAL(wp) :: a_3 = -1.40E-2_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization |
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| 150 | REAL(wp) :: a_term = 9.65_wp !< coef. for terminal velocity (m s-1) |
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| 151 | REAL(wp) :: a_vent = 0.78_wp !< coef. for ventilation effect |
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| 152 | REAL(wp) :: b_1 = 11.45E-6_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (m) |
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| 153 | REAL(wp) :: b_2 = 9.68E-6_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (m) |
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| 154 | REAL(wp) :: b_3 = 0.62_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization |
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| 155 | REAL(wp) :: b_term = 9.8_wp !< coef. for terminal velocity (m s-1) |
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| 156 | REAL(wp) :: b_vent = 0.308_wp !< coef. for ventilation effect |
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| 157 | REAL(wp) :: beta_cc = 3.09E-4_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (cm-2 s3) |
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| 158 | REAL(wp) :: c_1 = 4.82E-6_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (m) |
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| 159 | REAL(wp) :: c_2 = 4.8E-6_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization (m) |
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| 160 | REAL(wp) :: c_3 = 0.76_wp !< coef. in turb. parametrization |
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| 161 | REAL(wp) :: c_const = 0.93_wp !< const. in Taylor-microscale Reynolds number |
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| 162 | REAL(wp) :: c_evap = 0.7_wp !< constant in evaporation |
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| 163 | REAL(wp) :: c_term = 600.0_wp !< coef. for terminal velocity (m-1) |
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| 164 | REAL(wp) :: diff_coeff_l = 0.23E-4_wp !< diffusivity of water vapor (m2 s-1) |
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| 165 | REAL(wp) :: eps_sb = 1.0E-10_wp !< threshold in two-moments scheme |
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| 166 | REAL(wp) :: eps_mr = 0.0_wp !< threshold for morrison scheme |
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| 167 | REAL(wp) :: k_cc = 9.44E09_wp !< const. cloud-cloud kernel (m3 kg-2 s-1) |
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| 168 | REAL(wp) :: k_cr0 = 4.33_wp !< const. cloud-rain kernel (m3 kg-1 s-1) |
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| 169 | REAL(wp) :: k_rr = 7.12_wp !< const. rain-rain kernel (m3 kg-1 s-1) |
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| 170 | REAL(wp) :: k_br = 1000.0_wp !< const. in breakup parametrization (m-1) |
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| 171 | REAL(wp) :: k_st = 1.2E8_wp !< const. in drizzle parametrization (m-1 s-1) |
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| 172 | REAL(wp) :: kappa_rr = 60.7_wp !< const. in collision kernel (kg-1/3) |
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| 173 | REAL(wp) :: kin_vis_air = 1.4086E-5_wp !< kin. viscosity of air (m2 s-1) |
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| 174 | REAL(wp) :: prec_time_const = 0.001_wp !< coef. in Kessler scheme (s-1) |
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| 175 | REAL(wp) :: ql_crit = 0.0005_wp !< coef. in Kessler scheme (kg kg-1) |
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| 176 | REAL(wp) :: schmidt_p_1d3=0.8921121_wp !< Schmidt number**0.33333, 0.71**0.33333 |
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| 177 | REAL(wp) :: sigma_gc = 1.3_wp !< geometric standard deviation cloud droplets |
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| 178 | REAL(wp) :: thermal_conductivity_l = 2.43E-2_wp !< therm. cond. air (J m-1 s-1 K-1) |
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| 179 | REAL(wp) :: w_precipitation = 9.65_wp !< maximum terminal velocity (m s-1) |
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| 180 | REAL(wp) :: x0 = 2.6E-10_wp !< separating drop mass (kg) |
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| 181 | REAL(wp) :: xamin = 5.24E-19_wp !< average aerosol mass (kg) (~ 0.05µm) |
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| 182 | REAL(wp) :: xcmin = 4.18E-15_wp !< minimum cloud drop size (kg) (~ 1µm) |
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| 183 | REAL(wp) :: xcmax = 2.6E-10_wp !< maximum cloud drop size (kg) (~ 40µm) |
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| 184 | REAL(wp) :: xrmin = 2.6E-10_wp !< minimum rain drop size (kg) |
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| 185 | REAL(wp) :: xrmax = 5.0E-6_wp !< maximum rain drop site (kg) |
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| 186 | |
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| 187 | REAL(wp) :: c_sedimentation = 2.0_wp !< Courant number of sedimentation process |
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| 188 | REAL(wp) :: dpirho_l !< 6.0 / ( pi * rho_l ) |
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| 189 | REAL(wp) :: dt_micro !< microphysics time step |
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| 190 | REAL(wp) :: na_init = 100.0E6_wp !< Total particle/aerosol concentration (cm-3) |
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| 191 | REAL(wp) :: nc_const = 70.0E6_wp !< cloud droplet concentration |
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| 192 | REAL(wp) :: dt_precipitation = 100.0_wp !< timestep precipitation (s) |
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| 193 | REAL(wp) :: sed_qc_const !< const. for sedimentation of cloud water |
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| 194 | REAL(wp) :: pirho_l !< pi * rho_l / 6.0; |
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| 195 | |
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| 196 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nc_1d !< |
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| 197 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: nr_1d !< |
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| 198 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: pt_1d !< |
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| 199 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: qc_1d !< |
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| 200 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: qr_1d !< |
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| 201 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: q_1d !< |
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| 202 | |
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| 203 | SAVE |
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| 204 | |
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| 205 | PRIVATE |
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| 206 | PUBLIC microphysics_control, microphysics_init |
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| 207 | |
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| 208 | PUBLIC cloud_water_sedimentation, collision_turbulence, & |
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| 209 | curvature_solution_effects_bulk, c_sedimentation, dt_precipitation, & |
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| 210 | limiter_sedimentation, na_init, nc_const, sigma_gc, & |
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| 211 | ventilation_effect |
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| 212 | |
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| 213 | |
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| 214 | INTERFACE microphysics_control |
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| 215 | MODULE PROCEDURE microphysics_control |
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| 216 | MODULE PROCEDURE microphysics_control_ij |
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| 217 | END INTERFACE microphysics_control |
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| 218 | |
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| 219 | INTERFACE adjust_cloud |
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| 220 | MODULE PROCEDURE adjust_cloud |
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| 221 | MODULE PROCEDURE adjust_cloud_ij |
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| 222 | END INTERFACE adjust_cloud |
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| 223 | |
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| 224 | INTERFACE activation |
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| 225 | MODULE PROCEDURE activation |
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| 226 | MODULE PROCEDURE activation_ij |
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| 227 | END INTERFACE activation |
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| 228 | |
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| 229 | INTERFACE condensation |
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| 230 | MODULE PROCEDURE condensation |
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| 231 | MODULE PROCEDURE condensation_ij |
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| 232 | END INTERFACE condensation |
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| 233 | |
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| 234 | INTERFACE autoconversion |
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| 235 | MODULE PROCEDURE autoconversion |
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| 236 | MODULE PROCEDURE autoconversion_ij |
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| 237 | END INTERFACE autoconversion |
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| 238 | |
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| 239 | INTERFACE autoconversion_kessler |
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| 240 | MODULE PROCEDURE autoconversion_kessler |
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| 241 | MODULE PROCEDURE autoconversion_kessler_ij |
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| 242 | END INTERFACE autoconversion_kessler |
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| 243 | |
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| 244 | INTERFACE accretion |
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| 245 | MODULE PROCEDURE accretion |
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| 246 | MODULE PROCEDURE accretion_ij |
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| 247 | END INTERFACE accretion |
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| 248 | |
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| 249 | INTERFACE selfcollection_breakup |
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| 250 | MODULE PROCEDURE selfcollection_breakup |
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| 251 | MODULE PROCEDURE selfcollection_breakup_ij |
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| 252 | END INTERFACE selfcollection_breakup |
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| 253 | |
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| 254 | INTERFACE evaporation_rain |
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| 255 | MODULE PROCEDURE evaporation_rain |
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| 256 | MODULE PROCEDURE evaporation_rain_ij |
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| 257 | END INTERFACE evaporation_rain |
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| 258 | |
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| 259 | INTERFACE sedimentation_cloud |
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| 260 | MODULE PROCEDURE sedimentation_cloud |
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| 261 | MODULE PROCEDURE sedimentation_cloud_ij |
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| 262 | END INTERFACE sedimentation_cloud |
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| 263 | |
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| 264 | INTERFACE sedimentation_rain |
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| 265 | MODULE PROCEDURE sedimentation_rain |
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| 266 | MODULE PROCEDURE sedimentation_rain_ij |
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| 267 | END INTERFACE sedimentation_rain |
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| 268 | |
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| 269 | INTERFACE calc_precipitation_amount |
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| 270 | MODULE PROCEDURE calc_precipitation_amount |
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| 271 | MODULE PROCEDURE calc_precipitation_amount_ij |
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| 272 | END INTERFACE calc_precipitation_amount |
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| 273 | |
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| 274 | CONTAINS |
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| 275 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 276 | ! Description: |
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| 277 | ! ------------ |
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| 278 | !> Initialization of bulk microphysics |
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| 279 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 280 | SUBROUTINE microphysics_init |
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| 281 | |
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| 282 | USE arrays_3d, & |
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| 283 | ONLY: dzu |
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| 284 | |
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| 285 | USE constants, & |
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| 286 | ONLY: pi |
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| 287 | |
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| 288 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
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| 289 | ONLY: rho_l |
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| 290 | |
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| 291 | USE control_parameters, & |
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| 292 | ONLY: microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert |
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| 293 | |
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| 294 | USE indices, & |
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| 295 | ONLY: nzb, nzt |
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| 296 | |
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| 297 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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| 298 | |
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| 299 | ! |
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| 300 | !-- constant for the sedimentation of cloud water (2-moment cloud physics) |
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| 301 | sed_qc_const = k_st * ( 3.0_wp / ( 4.0_wp * pi * rho_l ) & |
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| 302 | )**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
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| 303 | EXP( 5.0_wp * LOG( sigma_gc )**2 ) |
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| 304 | |
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| 305 | ! |
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| 306 | !-- Calculate timestep according to precipitation |
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| 307 | IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
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| 308 | dt_precipitation = c_sedimentation * MINVAL( dzu(nzb+2:nzt) ) / & |
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| 309 | w_precipitation |
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| 310 | ENDIF |
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| 311 | |
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| 312 | ! |
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| 313 | !-- Pre-calculate frequently calculated fractions of pi and rho_l |
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| 314 | pirho_l = pi * rho_l / 6.0_wp |
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| 315 | dpirho_l = 1.0_wp / pirho_l |
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| 316 | |
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| 317 | ! |
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| 318 | !-- Allocate 1D microphysics arrays |
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| 319 | ALLOCATE ( pt_1d(nzb:nzt+1), q_1d(nzb:nzt+1), & |
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| 320 | qc_1d(nzb:nzt+1) ) |
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| 321 | |
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| 322 | IF ( microphysics_morrison .OR. microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
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| 323 | ALLOCATE ( nc_1d(nzb:nzt+1) ) |
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| 324 | ENDIF |
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| 325 | |
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| 326 | IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
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| 327 | ALLOCATE ( nr_1d(nzb:nzt+1), qr_1d(nzb:nzt+1) ) |
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| 328 | ENDIF |
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| 329 | |
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| 330 | END SUBROUTINE microphysics_init |
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| 331 | |
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| 332 | |
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| 333 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 334 | ! Description: |
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| 335 | ! ------------ |
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| 336 | !> Control of microphysics for all grid points |
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| 337 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
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| 338 | SUBROUTINE microphysics_control |
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| 339 | |
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| 340 | USE arrays_3d, & |
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| 341 | ONLY: hyp, pt_init, prr, zu |
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| 342 | |
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| 343 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
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| 344 | ONLY: cp, hyrho, pt_d_t, r_d, t_d_pt |
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| 345 | |
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| 346 | USE control_parameters, & |
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| 347 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_3d, g, & |
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| 348 | intermediate_timestep_count, large_scale_forcing, & |
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| 349 | lsf_surf, microphysics_kessler, microphysics_morrison, & |
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| 350 | microphysics_seifert, pt_surface, & |
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| 351 | rho_surface,surface_pressure |
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| 352 | |
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| 353 | USE indices, & |
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| 354 | ONLY: nzb, nzt |
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| 355 | |
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| 356 | USE kinds |
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| 357 | |
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| 358 | USE statistics, & |
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| 359 | ONLY: weight_pres |
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| 360 | |
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| 361 | IMPLICIT NONE |
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| 362 | |
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| 363 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
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| 364 | |
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| 365 | REAL(wp) :: t_surface !< |
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| 366 | |
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| 367 | IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN |
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| 368 | ! |
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| 369 | !-- Calculate: |
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| 370 | !-- pt / t : ratio of potential and actual temperature (pt_d_t) |
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| 371 | !-- t / pt : ratio of actual and potential temperature (t_d_pt) |
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| 372 | !-- p_0(z) : vertical profile of the hydrostatic pressure (hyp) |
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| 373 | t_surface = pt_surface * ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp |
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| 374 | DO k = nzb, nzt+1 |
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| 375 | hyp(k) = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp * & |
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| 376 | ( ( t_surface - g / cp * zu(k) ) / & |
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| 377 | t_surface )**(1.0_wp / 0.286_wp) |
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| 378 | pt_d_t(k) = ( 100000.0_wp / hyp(k) )**0.286_wp |
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| 379 | t_d_pt(k) = 1.0_wp / pt_d_t(k) |
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| 380 | hyrho(k) = hyp(k) / ( r_d * t_d_pt(k) * pt_init(k) ) |
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| 381 | ENDDO |
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| 382 | |
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| 383 | ! |
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| 384 | !-- Compute reference density |
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| 385 | rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * t_surface ) |
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| 386 | ENDIF |
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| 387 | |
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| 388 | ! |
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| 389 | !-- Compute length of time step |
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| 390 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
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| 391 | dt_micro = dt_3d * weight_pres(intermediate_timestep_count) |
|---|
| 392 | ELSE |
|---|
| 393 | dt_micro = dt_3d |
|---|
| 394 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 395 | |
|---|
| 396 | ! |
|---|
| 397 | !-- Reset precipitation rate |
|---|
| 398 | IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) prr = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 399 | |
|---|
| 400 | ! |
|---|
| 401 | !-- Compute cloud physics |
|---|
| 402 | IF ( microphysics_kessler ) THEN |
|---|
| 403 | |
|---|
| 404 | CALL autoconversion_kessler |
|---|
| 405 | IF ( cloud_water_sedimentation ) CALL sedimentation_cloud |
|---|
| 406 | |
|---|
| 407 | ELSEIF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
|---|
| 408 | |
|---|
| 409 | CALL adjust_cloud |
|---|
| 410 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) CALL activation |
|---|
| 411 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) CALL condensation |
|---|
| 412 | CALL autoconversion |
|---|
| 413 | CALL accretion |
|---|
| 414 | CALL selfcollection_breakup |
|---|
| 415 | CALL evaporation_rain |
|---|
| 416 | CALL sedimentation_rain |
|---|
| 417 | IF ( cloud_water_sedimentation ) CALL sedimentation_cloud |
|---|
| 418 | |
|---|
| 419 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 420 | |
|---|
| 421 | CALL calc_precipitation_amount |
|---|
| 422 | |
|---|
| 423 | END SUBROUTINE microphysics_control |
|---|
| 424 | |
|---|
| 425 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 426 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 427 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 428 | !> Adjust number of raindrops to avoid nonlinear effects in sedimentation and |
|---|
| 429 | !> evaporation of rain drops due to too small or too big weights |
|---|
| 430 | !> of rain drops (Stevens and Seifert, 2008). |
|---|
| 431 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 432 | SUBROUTINE adjust_cloud |
|---|
| 433 | |
|---|
| 434 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 435 | ONLY: qc, nc, qr, nr |
|---|
| 436 | |
|---|
| 437 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 438 | ONLY: hyrho |
|---|
| 439 | |
|---|
| 440 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 441 | ONLY: microphysics_morrison |
|---|
| 442 | |
|---|
| 443 | USE cpulog, & |
|---|
| 444 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
|---|
| 445 | |
|---|
| 446 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 447 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_max, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 448 | |
|---|
| 449 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 450 | |
|---|
| 451 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 452 | |
|---|
| 453 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 454 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 455 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 456 | |
|---|
| 457 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(54), 'adjust_cloud', 'start' ) |
|---|
| 458 | |
|---|
| 459 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 460 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 461 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 462 | IF ( qr(k,j,i) <= eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 463 | qr(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 464 | nr(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 465 | ELSE |
|---|
| 466 | IF ( nr(k,j,i) * xrmin > qr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
|---|
| 467 | nr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) / xrmin * & |
|---|
| 468 | MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, & |
|---|
| 469 | BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 470 | ELSEIF ( nr(k,j,i) * xrmax < qr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
|---|
| 471 | nr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) / xrmax * & |
|---|
| 472 | MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, & |
|---|
| 473 | BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 474 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 475 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 476 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
|---|
| 477 | IF ( qc(k,j,i) <= eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 478 | qc(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 479 | nc(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 480 | ELSE |
|---|
| 481 | IF ( nc(k,j,i) * xcmin > qc(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
|---|
| 482 | nc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) / xcmin * & |
|---|
| 483 | MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, & |
|---|
| 484 | BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 485 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 486 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 487 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 488 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 489 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 490 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 491 | |
|---|
| 492 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(54), 'adjust_cloud', 'stop' ) |
|---|
| 493 | |
|---|
| 494 | END SUBROUTINE adjust_cloud |
|---|
| 495 | |
|---|
| 496 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 497 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 498 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 499 | !> Calculate number of activated condensation nucleii after simple activation |
|---|
| 500 | !> scheme of Twomey, 1959. |
|---|
| 501 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 502 | SUBROUTINE activation |
|---|
| 503 | |
|---|
| 504 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 505 | ONLY: hyp, nc, nr, pt, q, qc, qr |
|---|
| 506 | |
|---|
| 507 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 508 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, rho_l, r_v, t_d_pt |
|---|
| 509 | |
|---|
| 510 | USE constants, & |
|---|
| 511 | ONLY: pi |
|---|
| 512 | |
|---|
| 513 | USE cpulog, & |
|---|
| 514 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
|---|
| 515 | |
|---|
| 516 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 517 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng, nzb, nzt |
|---|
| 518 | |
|---|
| 519 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 520 | |
|---|
| 521 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 522 | ONLY: simulated_time |
|---|
| 523 | |
|---|
| 524 | USE particle_attributes, & |
|---|
| 525 | ONLY: molecular_weight_of_solute, molecular_weight_of_water, rho_s, & |
|---|
| 526 | log_sigma, vanthoff |
|---|
| 527 | |
|---|
| 528 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 529 | |
|---|
| 530 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 531 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 532 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 533 | |
|---|
| 534 | REAL(wp) :: activ !< |
|---|
| 535 | REAL(wp) :: afactor !< |
|---|
| 536 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
|---|
| 537 | REAL(wp) :: beta_act !< |
|---|
| 538 | REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< |
|---|
| 539 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
|---|
| 540 | REAL(wp) :: k_act !< |
|---|
| 541 | REAL(wp) :: n_act !< |
|---|
| 542 | REAL(wp) :: n_ccn !< |
|---|
| 543 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
|---|
| 544 | REAL(wp) :: rd0 !< |
|---|
| 545 | REAL(wp) :: s_0 !< |
|---|
| 546 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
|---|
| 547 | REAL(wp) :: sat_max !< |
|---|
| 548 | REAL(wp) :: sigma !< |
|---|
| 549 | REAL(wp) :: t_int !< |
|---|
| 550 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
|---|
| 551 | |
|---|
| 552 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(65), 'activation', 'start' ) |
|---|
| 553 | |
|---|
| 554 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 555 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 556 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 557 | |
|---|
| 558 | ! |
|---|
| 559 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
|---|
| 560 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt(k,j,i) |
|---|
| 561 | |
|---|
| 562 | ! |
|---|
| 563 | !-- Calculate actual temperature |
|---|
| 564 | t_int = pt(k,j,i) * ( hyp(k) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp |
|---|
| 565 | ! |
|---|
| 566 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
|---|
| 567 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
|---|
| 568 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
|---|
| 569 | ) |
|---|
| 570 | ! |
|---|
| 571 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
|---|
| 572 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
|---|
| 573 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
|---|
| 574 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q(k,j,i) ) / & |
|---|
| 575 | ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
|---|
| 576 | |
|---|
| 577 | !-- Supersaturation: |
|---|
| 578 | sat = ( q(k,j,i) - qr(k,j,i) - qc(k,j,i) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
|---|
| 579 | |
|---|
| 580 | ! |
|---|
| 581 | !-- Prescribe parameters for activation |
|---|
| 582 | !-- (see: Bott + Trautmann, 2002, Atm. Res., 64) |
|---|
| 583 | k_act = 0.7_wp |
|---|
| 584 | |
|---|
| 585 | IF ( sat >= 0.0 .AND. .NOT. curvature_solution_effects_bulk ) THEN |
|---|
| 586 | ! |
|---|
| 587 | !-- Compute the number of activated Aerosols |
|---|
| 588 | !-- (see: Twomey, 1959, Pure and applied Geophysics, 43) |
|---|
| 589 | n_act = na_init * sat**k_act |
|---|
| 590 | ! |
|---|
| 591 | !-- Compute the number of cloud droplets |
|---|
| 592 | !-- (see: Morrison + Grabowski, 2007, JAS, 64) |
|---|
| 593 | ! activ = MAX( n_act - nc(k,j,i), 0.0_wp) / dt_micro |
|---|
| 594 | |
|---|
| 595 | ! |
|---|
| 596 | !-- Compute activation rate after Khairoutdinov and Kogan |
|---|
| 597 | !-- (see: Khairoutdinov + Kogan, 2000, Mon. Wea. Rev., 128) |
|---|
| 598 | sat_max = 1.0_wp / 100.0_wp |
|---|
| 599 | activ = MAX( 0.0_wp, ( (na_init + nc(k,j,i) ) * MIN & |
|---|
| 600 | ( 1.0_wp, ( sat / sat_max )**k_act) - nc(k,j,i) ) ) / & |
|---|
| 601 | dt_micro |
|---|
| 602 | ELSEIF ( sat >= 0.0 .AND. curvature_solution_effects_bulk ) THEN |
|---|
| 603 | ! |
|---|
| 604 | !-- Curvature effect (afactor) with surface tension |
|---|
| 605 | !-- parameterization by Straka (2009) |
|---|
| 606 | sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp ) |
|---|
| 607 | afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int ) |
|---|
| 608 | ! |
|---|
| 609 | !-- Solute effect (bfactor) |
|---|
| 610 | bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * & |
|---|
| 611 | rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l ) |
|---|
| 612 | |
|---|
| 613 | ! |
|---|
| 614 | !-- Prescribe power index that describes the soluble fraction |
|---|
| 615 | !-- of an aerosol particle (beta) and mean geometric radius of |
|---|
| 616 | !-- dry aerosol spectrum |
|---|
| 617 | !-- (see: Morrison + Grabowski, 2007, JAS, 64) |
|---|
| 618 | beta_act = 0.5_wp |
|---|
| 619 | rd0 = 0.05E-6_wp |
|---|
| 620 | ! |
|---|
| 621 | !-- Calculate mean geometric supersaturation (s_0) with |
|---|
| 622 | !-- parameterization by Khvorostyanov and Curry (2006) |
|---|
| 623 | s_0 = rd0 **(- ( 1.0_wp + beta_act ) ) * & |
|---|
| 624 | ( 4.0_wp * afactor**3 / ( 27.0_wp * bfactor ) )**0.5_wp |
|---|
| 625 | |
|---|
| 626 | ! |
|---|
| 627 | !-- Calculate number of activated CCN as a function of |
|---|
| 628 | !-- supersaturation and taking Koehler theory into account |
|---|
| 629 | !-- (see: Khvorostyanov + Curry, 2006, J. Geo. Res., 111) |
|---|
| 630 | n_ccn = ( na_init / 2.0_wp ) * ( 1.0_wp - ERF( & |
|---|
| 631 | LOG( s_0 / sat ) / ( SQRT(2.0_wp) * log_sigma(1) ) ) ) |
|---|
| 632 | activ = MAX( ( n_ccn - nc(k,j,i) ) / dt_micro, 0.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 633 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 634 | |
|---|
| 635 | nc(k,j,i) = MIN( (nc(k,j,i) + activ * dt_micro), na_init) |
|---|
| 636 | |
|---|
| 637 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 638 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 639 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 640 | |
|---|
| 641 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(65), 'activation', 'stop' ) |
|---|
| 642 | |
|---|
| 643 | END SUBROUTINE activation |
|---|
| 644 | |
|---|
| 645 | |
|---|
| 646 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 647 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 648 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 649 | !> Calculate condensation rate for cloud water content (after Khairoutdinov and |
|---|
| 650 | !> Kogan, 2000). |
|---|
| 651 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 652 | SUBROUTINE condensation |
|---|
| 653 | |
|---|
| 654 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 655 | ONLY: hyp, nr, pt, q, qc, qr, nc |
|---|
| 656 | |
|---|
| 657 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 658 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, r_v, t_d_pt |
|---|
| 659 | |
|---|
| 660 | USE constants, & |
|---|
| 661 | ONLY: pi |
|---|
| 662 | |
|---|
| 663 | USE cpulog, & |
|---|
| 664 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
|---|
| 665 | |
|---|
| 666 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 667 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng, nzb, nzt |
|---|
| 668 | |
|---|
| 669 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 670 | |
|---|
| 671 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 672 | ONLY: simulated_time |
|---|
| 673 | |
|---|
| 674 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 675 | |
|---|
| 676 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 677 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 678 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 679 | |
|---|
| 680 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
|---|
| 681 | REAL(wp) :: cond !< |
|---|
| 682 | REAL(wp) :: cond_max !< |
|---|
| 683 | REAL(wp) :: dc !< |
|---|
| 684 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
|---|
| 685 | REAL(wp) :: evap !< |
|---|
| 686 | REAL(wp) :: evap_nc !< |
|---|
| 687 | REAL(wp) :: g_fac !< |
|---|
| 688 | REAL(wp) :: nc_0 !< |
|---|
| 689 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
|---|
| 690 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
|---|
| 691 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
|---|
| 692 | REAL(wp) :: temp !< |
|---|
| 693 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
|---|
| 694 | |
|---|
| 695 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(66), 'condensation', 'start' ) |
|---|
| 696 | |
|---|
| 697 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 698 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 699 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 700 | ! |
|---|
| 701 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
|---|
| 702 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt(k,j,i) |
|---|
| 703 | ! |
|---|
| 704 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
|---|
| 705 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
|---|
| 706 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
|---|
| 707 | ) |
|---|
| 708 | ! |
|---|
| 709 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
|---|
| 710 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
|---|
| 711 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
|---|
| 712 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q(k,j,i) ) / & |
|---|
| 713 | ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
|---|
| 714 | |
|---|
| 715 | !-- Supersaturation: |
|---|
| 716 | sat = ( q(k,j,i) - qr(k,j,i) - qc(k,j,i) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
|---|
| 717 | |
|---|
| 718 | ! |
|---|
| 719 | !-- Actual temperature: |
|---|
| 720 | temp = t_l + l_d_cp * ( qc(k,j,i) + qr(k,j,i) ) |
|---|
| 721 | |
|---|
| 722 | g_fac = 1.0_wp / ( ( l_v / ( r_v * temp ) - 1.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 723 | l_v / ( thermal_conductivity_l * temp ) & |
|---|
| 724 | + r_v * temp / ( diff_coeff_l * e_s ) & |
|---|
| 725 | ) |
|---|
| 726 | ! |
|---|
| 727 | !-- Mean weight of cloud drops |
|---|
| 728 | IF ( nc(k,j,i) <= 0.0_wp) CYCLE |
|---|
| 729 | xc = MAX( (hyrho(k) * qc(k,j,i) / nc(k,j,i)), xcmin) |
|---|
| 730 | ! |
|---|
| 731 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of cloud drops: |
|---|
| 732 | dc = ( xc * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 733 | ! |
|---|
| 734 | !-- Integral diameter of cloud drops |
|---|
| 735 | nc_0 = nc(k,j,i) * dc |
|---|
| 736 | ! |
|---|
| 737 | !-- Condensation needs only to be calculated in supersaturated regions |
|---|
| 738 | IF ( sat > 0.0_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 739 | ! |
|---|
| 740 | !-- Condensation rate of cloud water content |
|---|
| 741 | !-- after KK scheme. |
|---|
| 742 | !-- (see: Khairoutdinov + Kogan, 2000, Mon. Wea. Rev.,128) |
|---|
| 743 | cond = 2.0_wp * pi * nc_0 * g_fac * sat / hyrho(k) |
|---|
| 744 | cond_max = q(k,j,i) - q_s - qc(k,j,i) - qr(k,j,i) |
|---|
| 745 | cond = MIN( cond, cond_max / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 746 | |
|---|
| 747 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) + cond * dt_micro |
|---|
| 748 | ELSEIF ( sat < 0.0_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 749 | evap = 2.0_wp * pi * nc_0 * g_fac * sat / hyrho(k) |
|---|
| 750 | evap = MAX( evap, -qc(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 751 | |
|---|
| 752 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) + evap * dt_micro |
|---|
| 753 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 754 | IF ( nc(k,j,i) * xcmin > qc(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
|---|
| 755 | nc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) / xcmin |
|---|
| 756 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 757 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 758 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 759 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 760 | |
|---|
| 761 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(66), 'condensation', 'stop' ) |
|---|
| 762 | |
|---|
| 763 | END SUBROUTINE condensation |
|---|
| 764 | |
|---|
| 765 | |
|---|
| 766 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 767 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 768 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 769 | !> Autoconversion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006). |
|---|
| 770 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 771 | SUBROUTINE autoconversion |
|---|
| 772 | |
|---|
| 773 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 774 | ONLY: diss, dzu, nc, nr, qc, qr |
|---|
| 775 | |
|---|
| 776 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 777 | ONLY: hyrho |
|---|
| 778 | |
|---|
| 779 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 780 | ONLY: microphysics_morrison, rho_surface |
|---|
| 781 | |
|---|
| 782 | USE cpulog, & |
|---|
| 783 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
|---|
| 784 | |
|---|
| 785 | USE grid_variables, & |
|---|
| 786 | ONLY: dx, dy |
|---|
| 787 | |
|---|
| 788 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 789 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_max, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 790 | |
|---|
| 791 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 792 | |
|---|
| 793 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 794 | |
|---|
| 795 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 796 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 797 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 798 | |
|---|
| 799 | REAL(wp) :: alpha_cc !< |
|---|
| 800 | REAL(wp) :: autocon !< |
|---|
| 801 | REAL(wp) :: dissipation !< |
|---|
| 802 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
|---|
| 803 | REAL(wp) :: k_au !< |
|---|
| 804 | REAL(wp) :: l_mix !< |
|---|
| 805 | REAL(wp) :: nc_auto !< |
|---|
| 806 | REAL(wp) :: nu_c !< |
|---|
| 807 | REAL(wp) :: phi_au !< |
|---|
| 808 | REAL(wp) :: r_cc !< |
|---|
| 809 | REAL(wp) :: rc !< |
|---|
| 810 | REAL(wp) :: re_lambda !< |
|---|
| 811 | REAL(wp) :: sigma_cc !< |
|---|
| 812 | REAL(wp) :: tau_cloud !< |
|---|
| 813 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
|---|
| 814 | |
|---|
| 815 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(55), 'autoconversion', 'start' ) |
|---|
| 816 | |
|---|
| 817 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 818 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 819 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 820 | ! |
|---|
| 821 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 822 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 823 | |
|---|
| 824 | nc_auto = MERGE( nc(k,j,i), nc_const, microphysics_morrison ) |
|---|
| 825 | |
|---|
| 826 | IF ( qc(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 827 | |
|---|
| 828 | k_au = k_cc / ( 20.0_wp * x0 ) |
|---|
| 829 | ! |
|---|
| 830 | !-- Intern time scale of coagulation (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
|---|
| 831 | !-- (1.0_wp - qc(k,j,i) / ( qc(k,j,i) + qr(k,j,i) )) |
|---|
| 832 | tau_cloud = 1.0_wp - qc(k,j,i) / ( qr(k,j,i) + qc(k,j,i) ) |
|---|
| 833 | ! |
|---|
| 834 | !-- Universal function for autoconversion process |
|---|
| 835 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
|---|
| 836 | phi_au = 600.0_wp * tau_cloud**0.68_wp * & |
|---|
| 837 | ( 1.0_wp - tau_cloud**0.68_wp )**3 |
|---|
| 838 | ! |
|---|
| 839 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Geoffroy et al., 2010): |
|---|
| 840 | !-- (Use constant nu_c = 1.0_wp instead?) |
|---|
| 841 | nu_c = 1.0_wp !MAX( 0.0_wp, 1580.0_wp * hyrho(k) * qc(k,j,i) - 0.28_wp ) |
|---|
| 842 | ! |
|---|
| 843 | !-- Mean weight of cloud droplets: |
|---|
| 844 | xc = hyrho(k) * qc(k,j,i) / nc_auto |
|---|
| 845 | ! |
|---|
| 846 | !-- Parameterized turbulence effects on autoconversion (Seifert, |
|---|
| 847 | !-- Nuijens and Stevens, 2010) |
|---|
| 848 | IF ( collision_turbulence ) THEN |
|---|
| 849 | ! |
|---|
| 850 | !-- Weight averaged radius of cloud droplets: |
|---|
| 851 | rc = 0.5_wp * ( xc * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 852 | |
|---|
| 853 | alpha_cc = ( a_1 + a_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + a_3 * nu_c ) |
|---|
| 854 | r_cc = ( b_1 + b_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + b_3 * nu_c ) |
|---|
| 855 | sigma_cc = ( c_1 + c_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + c_3 * nu_c ) |
|---|
| 856 | ! |
|---|
| 857 | !-- Mixing length (neglecting distance to ground and |
|---|
| 858 | !-- stratification) |
|---|
| 859 | l_mix = ( dx * dy * dzu(k) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 860 | ! |
|---|
| 861 | !-- Limit dissipation rate according to Seifert, Nuijens and |
|---|
| 862 | !-- Stevens (2010) |
|---|
| 863 | dissipation = MIN( 0.06_wp, diss(k,j,i) ) |
|---|
| 864 | ! |
|---|
| 865 | !-- Compute Taylor-microscale Reynolds number: |
|---|
| 866 | re_lambda = 6.0_wp / 11.0_wp * & |
|---|
| 867 | ( l_mix / c_const )**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 868 | SQRT( 15.0_wp / kin_vis_air ) * & |
|---|
| 869 | dissipation**( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 870 | ! |
|---|
| 871 | !-- The factor of 1.0E4 is needed to convert the dissipation |
|---|
| 872 | !-- rate from m2 s-3 to cm2 s-3. |
|---|
| 873 | k_au = k_au * ( 1.0_wp + & |
|---|
| 874 | dissipation * 1.0E4_wp * & |
|---|
| 875 | ( re_lambda * 1.0E-3_wp )**0.25_wp * & |
|---|
| 876 | ( alpha_cc * EXP( -1.0_wp * ( ( rc - & |
|---|
| 877 | r_cc ) / & |
|---|
| 878 | sigma_cc )**2 & |
|---|
| 879 | ) + beta_cc & |
|---|
| 880 | ) & |
|---|
| 881 | ) |
|---|
| 882 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 883 | ! |
|---|
| 884 | !-- Autoconversion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
|---|
| 885 | autocon = k_au * ( nu_c + 2.0_wp ) * ( nu_c + 4.0_wp ) / & |
|---|
| 886 | ( nu_c + 1.0_wp )**2 * qc(k,j,i)**2 * xc**2 * & |
|---|
| 887 | ( 1.0_wp + phi_au / ( 1.0_wp - tau_cloud )**2 ) * & |
|---|
| 888 | rho_surface |
|---|
| 889 | autocon = MIN( autocon, qc(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 890 | |
|---|
| 891 | qr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) + autocon * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 892 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) - autocon * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 893 | nr(k,j,i) = nr(k,j,i) + autocon / x0 * hyrho(k) * dt_micro & |
|---|
| 894 | * flag |
|---|
| 895 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
|---|
| 896 | nc(k,j,i) = nc(k,j,i) - MIN( nc(k,j,i), 2.0_wp * & |
|---|
| 897 | autocon / x0 * hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag ) |
|---|
| 898 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 899 | |
|---|
| 900 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 901 | |
|---|
| 902 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 903 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 904 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 905 | |
|---|
| 906 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(55), 'autoconversion', 'stop' ) |
|---|
| 907 | |
|---|
| 908 | END SUBROUTINE autoconversion |
|---|
| 909 | |
|---|
| 910 | |
|---|
| 911 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 912 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 913 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 914 | !> Autoconversion process (Kessler, 1969). |
|---|
| 915 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 916 | SUBROUTINE autoconversion_kessler |
|---|
| 917 | |
|---|
| 918 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 919 | ONLY: dzw, pt, prr, q, qc |
|---|
| 920 | |
|---|
| 921 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 922 | ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t |
|---|
| 923 | |
|---|
| 924 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 925 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_max, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 926 | |
|---|
| 927 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 928 | |
|---|
| 929 | |
|---|
| 930 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 931 | |
|---|
| 932 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 933 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 934 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 935 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< topgraphy top index |
|---|
| 936 | |
|---|
| 937 | REAL(wp) :: dqdt_precip !< |
|---|
| 938 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
|---|
| 939 | |
|---|
| 940 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 941 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 942 | ! |
|---|
| 943 | !-- Determine vertical index of topography top |
|---|
| 944 | k_wall = MAXLOC( & |
|---|
| 945 | MERGE( 1, 0, & |
|---|
| 946 | BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzb_max,j,i), 12 ) & |
|---|
| 947 | ), DIM = 1 & |
|---|
| 948 | ) - 1 |
|---|
| 949 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 950 | ! |
|---|
| 951 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 952 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 953 | |
|---|
| 954 | IF ( qc(k,j,i) > ql_crit ) THEN |
|---|
| 955 | dqdt_precip = prec_time_const * ( qc(k,j,i) - ql_crit ) |
|---|
| 956 | ELSE |
|---|
| 957 | dqdt_precip = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 958 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 959 | |
|---|
| 960 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) - dqdt_precip * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 961 | q(k,j,i) = q(k,j,i) - dqdt_precip * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 962 | pt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) + dqdt_precip * dt_micro * l_d_cp * & |
|---|
| 963 | pt_d_t(k) * flag |
|---|
| 964 | |
|---|
| 965 | ! |
|---|
| 966 | !-- Compute the rain rate (stored on surface grid point) |
|---|
| 967 | prr(k_wall,j,i) = prr(k_wall,j,i) + dqdt_precip * dzw(k) * flag |
|---|
| 968 | |
|---|
| 969 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 970 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 971 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 972 | |
|---|
| 973 | END SUBROUTINE autoconversion_kessler |
|---|
| 974 | |
|---|
| 975 | |
|---|
| 976 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 977 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 978 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 979 | !> Accretion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006). |
|---|
| 980 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 981 | SUBROUTINE accretion |
|---|
| 982 | |
|---|
| 983 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 984 | ONLY: diss, qc, qr, nc |
|---|
| 985 | |
|---|
| 986 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 987 | ONLY: hyrho |
|---|
| 988 | |
|---|
| 989 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 990 | ONLY: microphysics_morrison, rho_surface |
|---|
| 991 | |
|---|
| 992 | USE cpulog, & |
|---|
| 993 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
|---|
| 994 | |
|---|
| 995 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 996 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_max, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 997 | |
|---|
| 998 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 999 | |
|---|
| 1000 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 1001 | |
|---|
| 1002 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 1003 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 1004 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 1005 | |
|---|
| 1006 | REAL(wp) :: accr !< |
|---|
| 1007 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
|---|
| 1008 | REAL(wp) :: k_cr !< |
|---|
| 1009 | REAL(wp) :: nc_accr !< |
|---|
| 1010 | REAL(wp) :: phi_ac !< |
|---|
| 1011 | REAL(wp) :: tau_cloud !< |
|---|
| 1012 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
|---|
| 1013 | |
|---|
| 1014 | |
|---|
| 1015 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(56), 'accretion', 'start' ) |
|---|
| 1016 | |
|---|
| 1017 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 1018 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 1019 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 1020 | ! |
|---|
| 1021 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 1022 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 1023 | |
|---|
| 1024 | nc_accr = MERGE( nc(k,j,i), nc_const, microphysics_morrison ) |
|---|
| 1025 | |
|---|
| 1026 | IF ( ( qc(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) .AND. ( qr(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) & |
|---|
| 1027 | .AND. ( nc_accr > eps_mr ) ) THEN |
|---|
| 1028 | ! |
|---|
| 1029 | !-- Intern time scale of coagulation (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
|---|
| 1030 | tau_cloud = 1.0_wp - qc(k,j,i) / ( qc(k,j,i) + qr(k,j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1031 | ! |
|---|
| 1032 | !-- Universal function for accretion process (Seifert and |
|---|
| 1033 | !-- Beheng, 2001): |
|---|
| 1034 | phi_ac = ( tau_cloud / ( tau_cloud + 5.0E-5_wp ) )**4 |
|---|
| 1035 | |
|---|
| 1036 | ! |
|---|
| 1037 | !-- Mean weight of cloud drops |
|---|
| 1038 | xc = MAX( (hyrho(k) * qc(k,j,i) / nc_accr), xcmin) |
|---|
| 1039 | ! |
|---|
| 1040 | !-- Parameterized turbulence effects on autoconversion (Seifert, |
|---|
| 1041 | !-- Nuijens and Stevens, 2010). The factor of 1.0E4 is needed to |
|---|
| 1042 | !-- convert the dissipation rate (diss) from m2 s-3 to cm2 s-3. |
|---|
| 1043 | IF ( collision_turbulence ) THEN |
|---|
| 1044 | k_cr = k_cr0 * ( 1.0_wp + 0.05_wp * & |
|---|
| 1045 | MIN( 600.0_wp, & |
|---|
| 1046 | diss(k,j,i) * 1.0E4_wp )**0.25_wp & |
|---|
| 1047 | ) |
|---|
| 1048 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1049 | k_cr = k_cr0 |
|---|
| 1050 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1051 | ! |
|---|
| 1052 | !-- Accretion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
|---|
| 1053 | accr = k_cr * qc(k,j,i) * qr(k,j,i) * phi_ac * & |
|---|
| 1054 | SQRT( rho_surface * hyrho(k) ) |
|---|
| 1055 | accr = MIN( accr, qc(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 1056 | |
|---|
| 1057 | qr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) + accr * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1058 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) - accr * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1059 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
|---|
| 1060 | nc(k,j,i) = nc(k,j,i) - MIN( nc(k,j,i), & |
|---|
| 1061 | accr / xc * hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag) |
|---|
| 1062 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1063 | |
|---|
| 1064 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1065 | |
|---|
| 1066 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1067 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1068 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1069 | |
|---|
| 1070 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(56), 'accretion', 'stop' ) |
|---|
| 1071 | |
|---|
| 1072 | END SUBROUTINE accretion |
|---|
| 1073 | |
|---|
| 1074 | |
|---|
| 1075 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1076 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 1077 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 1078 | !> Collisional breakup rate (Seifert, 2008). |
|---|
| 1079 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1080 | SUBROUTINE selfcollection_breakup |
|---|
| 1081 | |
|---|
| 1082 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 1083 | ONLY: nr, qr |
|---|
| 1084 | |
|---|
| 1085 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1086 | ONLY: hyrho |
|---|
| 1087 | |
|---|
| 1088 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1089 | ONLY: rho_surface |
|---|
| 1090 | |
|---|
| 1091 | USE cpulog, & |
|---|
| 1092 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
|---|
| 1093 | |
|---|
| 1094 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 1095 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_max, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 1096 | |
|---|
| 1097 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 1098 | |
|---|
| 1099 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 1100 | |
|---|
| 1101 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 1102 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 1103 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 1104 | |
|---|
| 1105 | REAL(wp) :: breakup !< |
|---|
| 1106 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
|---|
| 1107 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
|---|
| 1108 | REAL(wp) :: phi_br !< |
|---|
| 1109 | REAL(wp) :: selfcoll !< |
|---|
| 1110 | |
|---|
| 1111 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(57), 'selfcollection', 'start' ) |
|---|
| 1112 | |
|---|
| 1113 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 1114 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 1115 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 1116 | ! |
|---|
| 1117 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 1118 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 1119 | |
|---|
| 1120 | IF ( qr(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 1121 | ! |
|---|
| 1122 | !-- Selfcollection rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2001): |
|---|
| 1123 | selfcoll = k_rr * nr(k,j,i) * qr(k,j,i) * & |
|---|
| 1124 | SQRT( hyrho(k) * rho_surface ) |
|---|
| 1125 | ! |
|---|
| 1126 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
|---|
| 1127 | dr = ( hyrho(k) * qr(k,j,i) / & |
|---|
| 1128 | nr(k,j,i) * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 1129 | ! |
|---|
| 1130 | !-- Collisional breakup rate (Seifert, 2008): |
|---|
| 1131 | IF ( dr >= 0.3E-3_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 1132 | phi_br = k_br * ( dr - 1.1E-3_wp ) |
|---|
| 1133 | breakup = selfcoll * ( phi_br + 1.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 1134 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1135 | breakup = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1136 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1137 | |
|---|
| 1138 | selfcoll = MAX( breakup - selfcoll, -nr(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 1139 | nr(k,j,i) = nr(k,j,i) + selfcoll * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1140 | |
|---|
| 1141 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1142 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1143 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1144 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1145 | |
|---|
| 1146 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(57), 'selfcollection', 'stop' ) |
|---|
| 1147 | |
|---|
| 1148 | END SUBROUTINE selfcollection_breakup |
|---|
| 1149 | |
|---|
| 1150 | |
|---|
| 1151 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1152 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 1153 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 1154 | !> Evaporation of precipitable water. Condensation is neglected for |
|---|
| 1155 | !> precipitable water. |
|---|
| 1156 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1157 | SUBROUTINE evaporation_rain |
|---|
| 1158 | |
|---|
| 1159 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 1160 | ONLY: hyp, nr, pt, q, qc, qr |
|---|
| 1161 | |
|---|
| 1162 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1163 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, r_v, t_d_pt |
|---|
| 1164 | |
|---|
| 1165 | USE constants, & |
|---|
| 1166 | ONLY: pi |
|---|
| 1167 | |
|---|
| 1168 | USE cpulog, & |
|---|
| 1169 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
|---|
| 1170 | |
|---|
| 1171 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 1172 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_max, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 1173 | |
|---|
| 1174 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 1175 | |
|---|
| 1176 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 1177 | |
|---|
| 1178 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 1179 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 1180 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 1181 | |
|---|
| 1182 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
|---|
| 1183 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
|---|
| 1184 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
|---|
| 1185 | REAL(wp) :: evap !< |
|---|
| 1186 | REAL(wp) :: evap_nr !< |
|---|
| 1187 | REAL(wp) :: f_vent !< |
|---|
| 1188 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
|---|
| 1189 | REAL(wp) :: g_evap !< |
|---|
| 1190 | REAL(wp) :: lambda_r !< |
|---|
| 1191 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r !< |
|---|
| 1192 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r_2 !< |
|---|
| 1193 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r_5d2 !< |
|---|
| 1194 | REAL(wp) :: nr_0 !< |
|---|
| 1195 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
|---|
| 1196 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
|---|
| 1197 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
|---|
| 1198 | REAL(wp) :: temp !< |
|---|
| 1199 | REAL(wp) :: xr !< |
|---|
| 1200 | |
|---|
| 1201 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(58), 'evaporation', 'start' ) |
|---|
| 1202 | |
|---|
| 1203 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 1204 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 1205 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 1206 | ! |
|---|
| 1207 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 1208 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 1209 | |
|---|
| 1210 | IF ( qr(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 1211 | ! |
|---|
| 1212 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
|---|
| 1213 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt(k,j,i) |
|---|
| 1214 | ! |
|---|
| 1215 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
|---|
| 1216 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
|---|
| 1217 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
|---|
| 1218 | ) |
|---|
| 1219 | ! |
|---|
| 1220 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
|---|
| 1221 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
|---|
| 1222 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
|---|
| 1223 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q(k,j,i) ) / & |
|---|
| 1224 | ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
|---|
| 1225 | ! |
|---|
| 1226 | !-- Supersaturation: |
|---|
| 1227 | sat = ( q(k,j,i) - qr(k,j,i) - qc(k,j,i) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
|---|
| 1228 | ! |
|---|
| 1229 | !-- Evaporation needs only to be calculated in subsaturated regions |
|---|
| 1230 | IF ( sat < 0.0_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 1231 | ! |
|---|
| 1232 | !-- Actual temperature: |
|---|
| 1233 | temp = t_l + l_d_cp * ( qc(k,j,i) + qr(k,j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1234 | |
|---|
| 1235 | g_evap = 1.0_wp / ( ( l_v / ( r_v * temp ) - 1.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 1236 | l_v / ( thermal_conductivity_l * temp ) & |
|---|
| 1237 | + r_v * temp / ( diff_coeff_l * e_s ) & |
|---|
| 1238 | ) |
|---|
| 1239 | ! |
|---|
| 1240 | !-- Mean weight of rain drops |
|---|
| 1241 | xr = hyrho(k) * qr(k,j,i) / nr(k,j,i) |
|---|
| 1242 | ! |
|---|
| 1243 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
|---|
| 1244 | dr = ( xr * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 1245 | ! |
|---|
| 1246 | !-- Compute ventilation factor and intercept parameter |
|---|
| 1247 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2006; Seifert, 2008): |
|---|
| 1248 | IF ( ventilation_effect ) THEN |
|---|
| 1249 | ! |
|---|
| 1250 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Milbrandt and Yau, |
|---|
| 1251 | !-- 2005; Stevens and Seifert, 2008): |
|---|
| 1252 | mu_r = 10.0_wp * ( 1.0_wp + TANH( 1.2E3_wp * & |
|---|
| 1253 | ( dr - 1.4E-3_wp ) ) ) |
|---|
| 1254 | ! |
|---|
| 1255 | !-- Slope parameter of gamma distribution (Seifert, 2008): |
|---|
| 1256 | lambda_r = ( ( mu_r + 3.0_wp ) * ( mu_r + 2.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 1257 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) & |
|---|
| 1258 | )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) / dr |
|---|
| 1259 | |
|---|
| 1260 | mu_r_2 = mu_r + 2.0_wp |
|---|
| 1261 | mu_r_5d2 = mu_r + 2.5_wp |
|---|
| 1262 | |
|---|
| 1263 | f_vent = a_vent * gamm( mu_r_2 ) * & |
|---|
| 1264 | lambda_r**( -mu_r_2 ) + b_vent * & |
|---|
| 1265 | schmidt_p_1d3 * SQRT( a_term / kin_vis_air ) *& |
|---|
| 1266 | gamm( mu_r_5d2 ) * lambda_r**( -mu_r_5d2 ) * & |
|---|
| 1267 | ( 1.0_wp - & |
|---|
| 1268 | 0.5_wp * ( b_term / a_term ) * & |
|---|
| 1269 | ( lambda_r / ( c_term + lambda_r ) & |
|---|
| 1270 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
|---|
| 1271 | 0.125_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**2 * & |
|---|
| 1272 | ( lambda_r / ( 2.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
|---|
| 1273 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
|---|
| 1274 | 0.0625_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**3 * & |
|---|
| 1275 | ( lambda_r / ( 3.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
|---|
| 1276 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
|---|
| 1277 | 0.0390625_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**4 * & |
|---|
| 1278 | ( lambda_r / ( 4.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
|---|
| 1279 | )**mu_r_5d2 & |
|---|
| 1280 | ) |
|---|
| 1281 | |
|---|
| 1282 | nr_0 = nr(k,j,i) * lambda_r**( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) / & |
|---|
| 1283 | gamm( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 1284 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1285 | f_vent = 1.0_wp |
|---|
| 1286 | nr_0 = nr(k,j,i) * dr |
|---|
| 1287 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1288 | ! |
|---|
| 1289 | !-- Evaporation rate of rain water content (Seifert and |
|---|
| 1290 | !-- Beheng, 2006): |
|---|
| 1291 | evap = 2.0_wp * pi * nr_0 * g_evap * f_vent * sat / & |
|---|
| 1292 | hyrho(k) |
|---|
| 1293 | evap = MAX( evap, -qr(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 1294 | evap_nr = MAX( c_evap * evap / xr * hyrho(k), & |
|---|
| 1295 | -nr(k,j,i) / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 1296 | |
|---|
| 1297 | qr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) + evap * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1298 | nr(k,j,i) = nr(k,j,i) + evap_nr * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1299 | |
|---|
| 1300 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1301 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1302 | |
|---|
| 1303 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1304 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1305 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1306 | |
|---|
| 1307 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(58), 'evaporation', 'stop' ) |
|---|
| 1308 | |
|---|
| 1309 | END SUBROUTINE evaporation_rain |
|---|
| 1310 | |
|---|
| 1311 | |
|---|
| 1312 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1313 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 1314 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 1315 | !> Sedimentation of cloud droplets (Ackermann et al., 2009, MWR). |
|---|
| 1316 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1317 | SUBROUTINE sedimentation_cloud |
|---|
| 1318 | |
|---|
| 1319 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 1320 | ONLY: ddzu, dzu, nc, pt, prr, q, qc |
|---|
| 1321 | |
|---|
| 1322 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1323 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, pt_d_t |
|---|
| 1324 | |
|---|
| 1325 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1326 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, & |
|---|
| 1327 | intermediate_timestep_count, microphysics_morrison |
|---|
| 1328 | |
|---|
| 1329 | USE cpulog, & |
|---|
| 1330 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
|---|
| 1331 | |
|---|
| 1332 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 1333 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_max, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 1334 | |
|---|
| 1335 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 1336 | |
|---|
| 1337 | USE statistics, & |
|---|
| 1338 | ONLY: weight_substep |
|---|
| 1339 | |
|---|
| 1340 | |
|---|
| 1341 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 1342 | |
|---|
| 1343 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 1344 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 1345 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 1346 | |
|---|
| 1347 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
|---|
| 1348 | REAL(wp) :: nc_sedi !< |
|---|
| 1349 | |
|---|
| 1350 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_qc !< |
|---|
| 1351 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_nc !< |
|---|
| 1352 | |
|---|
| 1353 | |
|---|
| 1354 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(59), 'sed_cloud', 'start' ) |
|---|
| 1355 | |
|---|
| 1356 | sed_qc(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1357 | |
|---|
| 1358 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 1359 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 1360 | DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1 |
|---|
| 1361 | ! |
|---|
| 1362 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 1363 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 1364 | nc_sedi = MERGE ( nc(k,j,i), nc_const, microphysics_morrison ) |
|---|
| 1365 | |
|---|
| 1366 | ! |
|---|
| 1367 | !-- Sedimentation fluxes for number concentration are only calculated |
|---|
| 1368 | !-- for cloud_scheme = 'morrison' |
|---|
| 1369 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
|---|
| 1370 | IF ( qc(k,j,i) > eps_sb .AND. nc(k,j,i) > eps_mr ) THEN |
|---|
| 1371 | sed_nc(k) = sed_qc_const * & |
|---|
| 1372 | ( qc(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) )**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 1373 | ( nc(k,j,i) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 1374 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1375 | sed_nc(k) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1376 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1377 | |
|---|
| 1378 | sed_nc(k) = MIN( sed_nc(k), hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * & |
|---|
| 1379 | nc(k,j,i) / dt_micro + sed_nc(k+1) & |
|---|
| 1380 | ) * flag |
|---|
| 1381 | |
|---|
| 1382 | nc(k,j,i) = nc(k,j,i) + ( sed_nc(k+1) - sed_nc(k) ) * & |
|---|
| 1383 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1384 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1385 | |
|---|
| 1386 | IF ( qc(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 1387 | sed_qc(k) = sed_qc_const * nc_sedi**( -2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 1388 | ( qc(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) )**( 5.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 1389 | flag |
|---|
| 1390 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1391 | sed_qc(k) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1392 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1393 | |
|---|
| 1394 | sed_qc(k) = MIN( sed_qc(k), hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * q(k,j,i) / & |
|---|
| 1395 | dt_micro + sed_qc(k+1) & |
|---|
| 1396 | ) * flag |
|---|
| 1397 | |
|---|
| 1398 | q(k,j,i) = q(k,j,i) + ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * & |
|---|
| 1399 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1400 | qc(k,j,i) = qc(k,j,i) + ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * & |
|---|
| 1401 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1402 | pt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) - ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * & |
|---|
| 1403 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * l_d_cp * & |
|---|
| 1404 | pt_d_t(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1405 | |
|---|
| 1406 | ! |
|---|
| 1407 | !-- Compute the precipitation rate due to cloud (fog) droplets |
|---|
| 1408 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
|---|
| 1409 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qc(k) / hyrho(k) & |
|---|
| 1410 | * weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count) & |
|---|
| 1411 | * flag |
|---|
| 1412 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1413 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qc(k) / hyrho(k) * flag |
|---|
| 1414 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1415 | |
|---|
| 1416 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1417 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1418 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1419 | |
|---|
| 1420 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(59), 'sed_cloud', 'stop' ) |
|---|
| 1421 | |
|---|
| 1422 | END SUBROUTINE sedimentation_cloud |
|---|
| 1423 | |
|---|
| 1424 | |
|---|
| 1425 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1426 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 1427 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 1428 | !> Computation of sedimentation flux. Implementation according to Stevens |
|---|
| 1429 | !> and Seifert (2008). Code is based on UCLA-LES. |
|---|
| 1430 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1431 | SUBROUTINE sedimentation_rain |
|---|
| 1432 | |
|---|
| 1433 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 1434 | ONLY: ddzu, dzu, nr, pt, prr, q, qr |
|---|
| 1435 | |
|---|
| 1436 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1437 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, pt_d_t |
|---|
| 1438 | |
|---|
| 1439 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1440 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, intermediate_timestep_count |
|---|
| 1441 | USE cpulog, & |
|---|
| 1442 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
|---|
| 1443 | |
|---|
| 1444 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 1445 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_max, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 1446 | |
|---|
| 1447 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 1448 | |
|---|
| 1449 | USE statistics, & |
|---|
| 1450 | ONLY: weight_substep |
|---|
| 1451 | |
|---|
| 1452 | USE surface_mod, & |
|---|
| 1453 | ONLY : bc_h |
|---|
| 1454 | |
|---|
| 1455 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 1456 | |
|---|
| 1457 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction |
|---|
| 1458 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction |
|---|
| 1459 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction |
|---|
| 1460 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k_run !< |
|---|
| 1461 | INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index of surface type |
|---|
| 1462 | INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements |
|---|
| 1463 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_e !< End index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
|---|
| 1464 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_s !< Start index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
|---|
| 1465 | |
|---|
| 1466 | REAL(wp) :: c_run !< |
|---|
| 1467 | REAL(wp) :: d_max !< |
|---|
| 1468 | REAL(wp) :: d_mean !< |
|---|
| 1469 | REAL(wp) :: d_min !< |
|---|
| 1470 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
|---|
| 1471 | REAL(wp) :: flux !< |
|---|
| 1472 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to mask topography grid points |
|---|
| 1473 | REAL(wp) :: lambda_r !< |
|---|
| 1474 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r !< |
|---|
| 1475 | REAL(wp) :: z_run !< |
|---|
| 1476 | |
|---|
| 1477 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: c_nr !< |
|---|
| 1478 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: c_qr !< |
|---|
| 1479 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: nr_slope !< |
|---|
| 1480 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: qr_slope !< |
|---|
| 1481 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_nr !< |
|---|
| 1482 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_qr !< |
|---|
| 1483 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: w_nr !< |
|---|
| 1484 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: w_qr !< |
|---|
| 1485 | |
|---|
| 1486 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(60), 'sed_rain', 'start' ) |
|---|
| 1487 | |
|---|
| 1488 | ! |
|---|
| 1489 | !-- Compute velocities |
|---|
| 1490 | DO i = nxlg, nxrg |
|---|
| 1491 | DO j = nysg, nyng |
|---|
| 1492 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 1493 | ! |
|---|
| 1494 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 1495 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 1496 | |
|---|
| 1497 | IF ( qr(k,j,i) > eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 1498 | ! |
|---|
| 1499 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
|---|
| 1500 | dr = ( hyrho(k) * qr(k,j,i) / & |
|---|
| 1501 | nr(k,j,i) * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 1502 | ! |
|---|
| 1503 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Milbrandt and Yau, 2005; |
|---|
| 1504 | !-- Stevens and Seifert, 2008): |
|---|
| 1505 | mu_r = 10.0_wp * ( 1.0_wp + TANH( 1.2E3_wp * & |
|---|
| 1506 | ( dr - 1.4E-3_wp ) ) ) |
|---|
| 1507 | ! |
|---|
| 1508 | !-- Slope parameter of gamma distribution (Seifert, 2008): |
|---|
| 1509 | lambda_r = ( ( mu_r + 3.0_wp ) * ( mu_r + 2.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 1510 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) / dr |
|---|
| 1511 | |
|---|
| 1512 | w_nr(k) = MAX( 0.1_wp, MIN( 20.0_wp, & |
|---|
| 1513 | a_term - b_term * ( 1.0_wp + & |
|---|
| 1514 | c_term / & |
|---|
| 1515 | lambda_r )**( -1.0_wp * & |
|---|
| 1516 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) ) & |
|---|
| 1517 | ) & |
|---|
| 1518 | ) * flag |
|---|
| 1519 | |
|---|
| 1520 | w_qr(k) = MAX( 0.1_wp, MIN( 20.0_wp, & |
|---|
| 1521 | a_term - b_term * ( 1.0_wp + & |
|---|
| 1522 | c_term / & |
|---|
| 1523 | lambda_r )**( -1.0_wp * & |
|---|
| 1524 | ( mu_r + 4.0_wp ) ) & |
|---|
| 1525 | ) & |
|---|
| 1526 | ) * flag |
|---|
| 1527 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1528 | w_nr(k) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1529 | w_qr(k) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1530 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1531 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1532 | ! |
|---|
| 1533 | !-- Adjust boundary values using surface data type. |
|---|
| 1534 | !-- Upward-facing |
|---|
| 1535 | surf_s = bc_h(0)%start_index(j,i) |
|---|
| 1536 | surf_e = bc_h(0)%end_index(j,i) |
|---|
| 1537 | DO m = surf_s, surf_e |
|---|
| 1538 | k = bc_h(0)%k(m) |
|---|
| 1539 | w_nr(k-1) = w_nr(k) |
|---|
| 1540 | w_qr(k-1) = w_qr(k) |
|---|
| 1541 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1542 | ! |
|---|
| 1543 | !-- Downward-facing |
|---|
| 1544 | surf_s = bc_h(1)%start_index(j,i) |
|---|
| 1545 | surf_e = bc_h(1)%end_index(j,i) |
|---|
| 1546 | DO m = surf_s, surf_e |
|---|
| 1547 | k = bc_h(1)%k(m) |
|---|
| 1548 | w_nr(k+1) = w_nr(k) |
|---|
| 1549 | w_qr(k+1) = w_qr(k) |
|---|
| 1550 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1551 | ! |
|---|
| 1552 | !-- Model top boundary value |
|---|
| 1553 | w_nr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1554 | w_qr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1555 | ! |
|---|
| 1556 | !-- Compute Courant number |
|---|
| 1557 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 1558 | ! |
|---|
| 1559 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 1560 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 1561 | |
|---|
| 1562 | c_nr(k) = 0.25_wp * ( w_nr(k-1) + & |
|---|
| 1563 | 2.0_wp * w_nr(k) + w_nr(k+1) ) * & |
|---|
| 1564 | dt_micro * ddzu(k) * flag |
|---|
| 1565 | c_qr(k) = 0.25_wp * ( w_qr(k-1) + & |
|---|
| 1566 | 2.0_wp * w_qr(k) + w_qr(k+1) ) * & |
|---|
| 1567 | dt_micro * ddzu(k) * flag |
|---|
| 1568 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1569 | ! |
|---|
| 1570 | !-- Limit slopes with monotonized centered (MC) limiter (van Leer, 1977): |
|---|
| 1571 | IF ( limiter_sedimentation ) THEN |
|---|
| 1572 | |
|---|
| 1573 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 1574 | ! |
|---|
| 1575 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 1576 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 1577 | |
|---|
| 1578 | d_mean = 0.5_wp * ( qr(k+1,j,i) - qr(k-1,j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1579 | d_min = qr(k,j,i) - MIN( qr(k+1,j,i), qr(k,j,i), qr(k-1,j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1580 | d_max = MAX( qr(k+1,j,i), qr(k,j,i), qr(k-1,j,i) ) - qr(k,j,i) |
|---|
| 1581 | |
|---|
| 1582 | qr_slope(k) = SIGN(1.0_wp, d_mean) * MIN ( 2.0_wp * d_min, & |
|---|
| 1583 | 2.0_wp * d_max, & |
|---|
| 1584 | ABS( d_mean ) ) & |
|---|
| 1585 | * flag |
|---|
| 1586 | |
|---|
| 1587 | d_mean = 0.5_wp * ( nr(k+1,j,i) - nr(k-1,j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1588 | d_min = nr(k,j,i) - MIN( nr(k+1,j,i), nr(k,j,i), nr(k-1,j,i) ) |
|---|
| 1589 | d_max = MAX( nr(k+1,j,i), nr(k,j,i), nr(k-1,j,i) ) - nr(k,j,i) |
|---|
| 1590 | |
|---|
| 1591 | nr_slope(k) = SIGN(1.0_wp, d_mean) * MIN ( 2.0_wp * d_min, & |
|---|
| 1592 | 2.0_wp * d_max, & |
|---|
| 1593 | ABS( d_mean ) ) |
|---|
| 1594 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1595 | |
|---|
| 1596 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1597 | |
|---|
| 1598 | nr_slope = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1599 | qr_slope = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1600 | |
|---|
| 1601 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1602 | |
|---|
| 1603 | sed_nr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1604 | sed_qr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1605 | ! |
|---|
| 1606 | !-- Compute sedimentation flux |
|---|
| 1607 | DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1 |
|---|
| 1608 | ! |
|---|
| 1609 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 1610 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 1611 | ! |
|---|
| 1612 | !-- Sum up all rain drop number densities which contribute to the flux |
|---|
| 1613 | !-- through k-1/2 |
|---|
| 1614 | flux = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1615 | z_run = 0.0_wp ! height above z(k) |
|---|
| 1616 | k_run = k |
|---|
| 1617 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_nr(k) ) |
|---|
| 1618 | DO WHILE ( c_run > 0.0_wp .AND. k_run <= nzt ) |
|---|
| 1619 | flux = flux + hyrho(k_run) * & |
|---|
| 1620 | ( nr(k_run,j,i) + nr_slope(k_run) * & |
|---|
| 1621 | ( 1.0_wp - c_run ) * 0.5_wp ) * c_run * dzu(k_run) & |
|---|
| 1622 | * flag |
|---|
| 1623 | z_run = z_run + dzu(k_run) * flag |
|---|
| 1624 | k_run = k_run + 1 * flag |
|---|
| 1625 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_nr(k_run) - z_run * ddzu(k_run) ) & |
|---|
| 1626 | * flag |
|---|
| 1627 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1628 | ! |
|---|
| 1629 | !-- It is not allowed to sediment more rain drop number density than |
|---|
| 1630 | !-- available |
|---|
| 1631 | flux = MIN( flux, & |
|---|
| 1632 | hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * nr(k,j,i) + sed_nr(k+1) * & |
|---|
| 1633 | dt_micro & |
|---|
| 1634 | ) |
|---|
| 1635 | |
|---|
| 1636 | sed_nr(k) = flux / dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1637 | nr(k,j,i) = nr(k,j,i) + ( sed_nr(k+1) - sed_nr(k) ) * & |
|---|
| 1638 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1639 | ! |
|---|
| 1640 | !-- Sum up all rain water content which contributes to the flux |
|---|
| 1641 | !-- through k-1/2 |
|---|
| 1642 | flux = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1643 | z_run = 0.0_wp ! height above z(k) |
|---|
| 1644 | k_run = k |
|---|
| 1645 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_qr(k) ) |
|---|
| 1646 | |
|---|
| 1647 | DO WHILE ( c_run > 0.0_wp .AND. k_run <= nzt ) |
|---|
| 1648 | |
|---|
| 1649 | flux = flux + hyrho(k_run) * ( qr(k_run,j,i) + & |
|---|
| 1650 | qr_slope(k_run) * ( 1.0_wp - c_run ) * & |
|---|
| 1651 | 0.5_wp ) * c_run * dzu(k_run) * flag |
|---|
| 1652 | z_run = z_run + dzu(k_run) * flag |
|---|
| 1653 | k_run = k_run + 1 * flag |
|---|
| 1654 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_qr(k_run) - z_run * ddzu(k_run) ) & |
|---|
| 1655 | * flag |
|---|
| 1656 | |
|---|
| 1657 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1658 | ! |
|---|
| 1659 | !-- It is not allowed to sediment more rain water content than |
|---|
| 1660 | !-- available |
|---|
| 1661 | flux = MIN( flux, & |
|---|
| 1662 | hyrho(k) * dzu(k) * qr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k+1) * & |
|---|
| 1663 | dt_micro & |
|---|
| 1664 | ) |
|---|
| 1665 | |
|---|
| 1666 | sed_qr(k) = flux / dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1667 | |
|---|
| 1668 | qr(k,j,i) = qr(k,j,i) + ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * & |
|---|
| 1669 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1670 | q(k,j,i) = q(k,j,i) + ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * & |
|---|
| 1671 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1672 | pt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) - ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * & |
|---|
| 1673 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * l_d_cp * & |
|---|
| 1674 | pt_d_t(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 1675 | ! |
|---|
| 1676 | !-- Compute the rain rate |
|---|
| 1677 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
|---|
| 1678 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k) / hyrho(k) & |
|---|
| 1679 | * weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count) & |
|---|
| 1680 | * flag |
|---|
| 1681 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1682 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k) / hyrho(k) * flag |
|---|
| 1683 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1684 | |
|---|
| 1685 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1686 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1687 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1688 | |
|---|
| 1689 | CALL cpu_log( log_point_s(60), 'sed_rain', 'stop' ) |
|---|
| 1690 | |
|---|
| 1691 | END SUBROUTINE sedimentation_rain |
|---|
| 1692 | |
|---|
| 1693 | |
|---|
| 1694 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1695 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 1696 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 1697 | !> Computation of the precipitation amount due to gravitational settling of |
|---|
| 1698 | !> rain and cloud (fog) droplets |
|---|
| 1699 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1700 | SUBROUTINE calc_precipitation_amount |
|---|
| 1701 | |
|---|
| 1702 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 1703 | ONLY: precipitation_amount, prr |
|---|
| 1704 | |
|---|
| 1705 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1706 | ONLY: hyrho |
|---|
| 1707 | |
|---|
| 1708 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1709 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_do2d_xy, dt_3d, & |
|---|
| 1710 | intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max,& |
|---|
| 1711 | precipitation_amount_interval, time_do2d_xy |
|---|
| 1712 | |
|---|
| 1713 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 1714 | ONLY: nxl, nxr, nys, nyn, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 1715 | |
|---|
| 1716 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 1717 | |
|---|
| 1718 | USE surface_mod, & |
|---|
| 1719 | ONLY : bc_h |
|---|
| 1720 | |
|---|
| 1721 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 1722 | |
|---|
| 1723 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction |
|---|
| 1724 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction |
|---|
| 1725 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index y direction |
|---|
| 1726 | INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements |
|---|
| 1727 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_e !< End index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
|---|
| 1728 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_s !< Start index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
|---|
| 1729 | |
|---|
| 1730 | IF ( ( dt_do2d_xy - time_do2d_xy ) < precipitation_amount_interval .AND.& |
|---|
| 1731 | ( .NOT. call_microphysics_at_all_substeps .OR. & |
|---|
| 1732 | intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) ) & |
|---|
| 1733 | THEN |
|---|
| 1734 | ! |
|---|
| 1735 | !-- Run over all upward-facing surface elements, i.e. non-natural, |
|---|
| 1736 | !-- natural and urban |
|---|
| 1737 | DO m = 1, bc_h(0)%ns |
|---|
| 1738 | i = bc_h(0)%i(m) |
|---|
| 1739 | j = bc_h(0)%j(m) |
|---|
| 1740 | k = bc_h(0)%k(m) |
|---|
| 1741 | precipitation_amount(j,i) = precipitation_amount(j,i) + & |
|---|
| 1742 | prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) * dt_3d |
|---|
| 1743 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1744 | |
|---|
| 1745 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1746 | |
|---|
| 1747 | END SUBROUTINE calc_precipitation_amount |
|---|
| 1748 | |
|---|
| 1749 | |
|---|
| 1750 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1751 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 1752 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 1753 | !> Control of microphysics for grid points i,j |
|---|
| 1754 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1755 | |
|---|
| 1756 | SUBROUTINE microphysics_control_ij( i, j ) |
|---|
| 1757 | |
|---|
| 1758 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 1759 | ONLY: hyp, nc, nr, pt, pt_init, prr, q, qc, qr, zu |
|---|
| 1760 | |
|---|
| 1761 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1762 | ONLY: cp, hyrho, pt_d_t, r_d, t_d_pt |
|---|
| 1763 | |
|---|
| 1764 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1765 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_3d, g, & |
|---|
| 1766 | intermediate_timestep_count, large_scale_forcing, & |
|---|
| 1767 | lsf_surf, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert, & |
|---|
| 1768 | microphysics_kessler, pt_surface, rho_surface, & |
|---|
| 1769 | surface_pressure |
|---|
| 1770 | |
|---|
| 1771 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 1772 | ONLY: nzb, nzt |
|---|
| 1773 | |
|---|
| 1774 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 1775 | |
|---|
| 1776 | USE statistics, & |
|---|
| 1777 | ONLY: weight_pres |
|---|
| 1778 | |
|---|
| 1779 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 1780 | |
|---|
| 1781 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 1782 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 1783 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 1784 | |
|---|
| 1785 | REAL(wp) :: t_surface !< |
|---|
| 1786 | |
|---|
| 1787 | IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN |
|---|
| 1788 | ! |
|---|
| 1789 | !-- Calculate: |
|---|
| 1790 | !-- pt / t : ratio of potential and actual temperature (pt_d_t) |
|---|
| 1791 | !-- t / pt : ratio of actual and potential temperature (t_d_pt) |
|---|
| 1792 | !-- p_0(z) : vertical profile of the hydrostatic pressure (hyp) |
|---|
| 1793 | t_surface = pt_surface * ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp |
|---|
| 1794 | DO k = nzb, nzt+1 |
|---|
| 1795 | hyp(k) = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp * & |
|---|
| 1796 | ( ( t_surface - g / cp * zu(k) ) / t_surface )**(1.0_wp / 0.286_wp) |
|---|
| 1797 | pt_d_t(k) = ( 100000.0_wp / hyp(k) )**0.286_wp |
|---|
| 1798 | t_d_pt(k) = 1.0_wp / pt_d_t(k) |
|---|
| 1799 | hyrho(k) = hyp(k) / ( r_d * t_d_pt(k) * pt_init(k) ) |
|---|
| 1800 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1801 | ! |
|---|
| 1802 | !-- Compute reference density |
|---|
| 1803 | rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * t_surface ) |
|---|
| 1804 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1805 | |
|---|
| 1806 | ! |
|---|
| 1807 | !-- Compute length of time step |
|---|
| 1808 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
|---|
| 1809 | dt_micro = dt_3d * weight_pres(intermediate_timestep_count) |
|---|
| 1810 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1811 | dt_micro = dt_3d |
|---|
| 1812 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1813 | |
|---|
| 1814 | ! |
|---|
| 1815 | !-- Use 1d arrays |
|---|
| 1816 | q_1d(:) = q(:,j,i) |
|---|
| 1817 | pt_1d(:) = pt(:,j,i) |
|---|
| 1818 | qc_1d(:) = qc(:,j,i) |
|---|
| 1819 | IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
|---|
| 1820 | qr_1d(:) = qr(:,j,i) |
|---|
| 1821 | nr_1d(:) = nr(:,j,i) |
|---|
| 1822 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1823 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
|---|
| 1824 | nc_1d(:) = nc(:,j,i) |
|---|
| 1825 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1826 | |
|---|
| 1827 | |
|---|
| 1828 | ! |
|---|
| 1829 | !-- Reset precipitation rate |
|---|
| 1830 | IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) prr(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1831 | |
|---|
| 1832 | ! |
|---|
| 1833 | !-- Compute cloud physics |
|---|
| 1834 | IF( microphysics_kessler ) THEN |
|---|
| 1835 | |
|---|
| 1836 | CALL autoconversion_kessler( i,j ) |
|---|
| 1837 | IF ( cloud_water_sedimentation ) CALL sedimentation_cloud( i,j ) |
|---|
| 1838 | |
|---|
| 1839 | ELSEIF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
|---|
| 1840 | |
|---|
| 1841 | CALL adjust_cloud( i,j ) |
|---|
| 1842 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) CALL activation( i,j ) |
|---|
| 1843 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) CALL condensation( i,j ) |
|---|
| 1844 | CALL autoconversion( i,j ) |
|---|
| 1845 | CALL accretion( i,j ) |
|---|
| 1846 | CALL selfcollection_breakup( i,j ) |
|---|
| 1847 | CALL evaporation_rain( i,j ) |
|---|
| 1848 | CALL sedimentation_rain( i,j ) |
|---|
| 1849 | IF ( cloud_water_sedimentation ) CALL sedimentation_cloud( i,j ) |
|---|
| 1850 | |
|---|
| 1851 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1852 | |
|---|
| 1853 | CALL calc_precipitation_amount( i,j ) |
|---|
| 1854 | |
|---|
| 1855 | ! |
|---|
| 1856 | !-- Store results on the 3d arrays |
|---|
| 1857 | q(:,j,i) = q_1d(:) |
|---|
| 1858 | pt(:,j,i) = pt_1d(:) |
|---|
| 1859 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
|---|
| 1860 | qc(:,j,i) = qc_1d(:) |
|---|
| 1861 | nc(:,j,i) = nc_1d(:) |
|---|
| 1862 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1863 | IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN |
|---|
| 1864 | qr(:,j,i) = qr_1d(:) |
|---|
| 1865 | nr(:,j,i) = nr_1d(:) |
|---|
| 1866 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1867 | |
|---|
| 1868 | END SUBROUTINE microphysics_control_ij |
|---|
| 1869 | |
|---|
| 1870 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1871 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 1872 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 1873 | !> Adjust number of raindrops to avoid nonlinear effects in |
|---|
| 1874 | !> sedimentation and evaporation of rain drops due to too small or |
|---|
| 1875 | !> too big weights of rain drops (Stevens and Seifert, 2008). |
|---|
| 1876 | !> The same procedure is applied to cloud droplets if they are determined |
|---|
| 1877 | !> prognostically. Call for grid point i,j |
|---|
| 1878 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1879 | SUBROUTINE adjust_cloud_ij( i, j ) |
|---|
| 1880 | |
|---|
| 1881 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1882 | ONLY: hyrho |
|---|
| 1883 | |
|---|
| 1884 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1885 | ONLY: microphysics_morrison |
|---|
| 1886 | |
|---|
| 1887 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 1888 | ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 1889 | |
|---|
| 1890 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 1891 | |
|---|
| 1892 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 1893 | |
|---|
| 1894 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 1895 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 1896 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 1897 | |
|---|
| 1898 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
|---|
| 1899 | |
|---|
| 1900 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 1901 | ! |
|---|
| 1902 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 1903 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 1904 | |
|---|
| 1905 | IF ( qr_1d(k) <= eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 1906 | qr_1d(k) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1907 | nr_1d(k) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1908 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1909 | ! |
|---|
| 1910 | !-- Adjust number of raindrops to avoid nonlinear effects in |
|---|
| 1911 | !-- sedimentation and evaporation of rain drops due to too small or |
|---|
| 1912 | !-- too big weights of rain drops (Stevens and Seifert, 2008). |
|---|
| 1913 | IF ( nr_1d(k) * xrmin > qr_1d(k) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
|---|
| 1914 | nr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) * hyrho(k) / xrmin * flag |
|---|
| 1915 | ELSEIF ( nr_1d(k) * xrmax < qr_1d(k) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
|---|
| 1916 | nr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) * hyrho(k) / xrmax * flag |
|---|
| 1917 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1918 | |
|---|
| 1919 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1920 | |
|---|
| 1921 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
|---|
| 1922 | IF ( qc_1d(k) <= eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 1923 | qc_1d(k) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1924 | nc_1d(k) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 1925 | ELSE |
|---|
| 1926 | IF ( nc_1d(k) * xcmin > qc_1d(k) * hyrho(k) ) THEN |
|---|
| 1927 | nc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) * hyrho(k) / xamin * flag |
|---|
| 1928 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1929 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1930 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 1931 | |
|---|
| 1932 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 1933 | |
|---|
| 1934 | END SUBROUTINE adjust_cloud_ij |
|---|
| 1935 | |
|---|
| 1936 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1937 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 1938 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 1939 | !> Calculate number of activated condensation nucleii after simple activation |
|---|
| 1940 | !> scheme of Twomey, 1959. |
|---|
| 1941 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 1942 | SUBROUTINE activation_ij( i, j ) |
|---|
| 1943 | |
|---|
| 1944 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 1945 | ONLY: hyp, nr, pt, q, qc, qr, nc |
|---|
| 1946 | |
|---|
| 1947 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1948 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, rho_l, r_v, t_d_pt |
|---|
| 1949 | |
|---|
| 1950 | USE constants, & |
|---|
| 1951 | ONLY: pi |
|---|
| 1952 | |
|---|
| 1953 | USE cpulog, & |
|---|
| 1954 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
|---|
| 1955 | |
|---|
| 1956 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 1957 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng, nzb, nzt |
|---|
| 1958 | |
|---|
| 1959 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 1960 | |
|---|
| 1961 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 1962 | ONLY: simulated_time |
|---|
| 1963 | |
|---|
| 1964 | USE particle_attributes, & |
|---|
| 1965 | ONLY: molecular_weight_of_solute, molecular_weight_of_water, rho_s, & |
|---|
| 1966 | log_sigma, vanthoff |
|---|
| 1967 | |
|---|
| 1968 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 1969 | |
|---|
| 1970 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 1971 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 1972 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 1973 | |
|---|
| 1974 | REAL(wp) :: activ !< |
|---|
| 1975 | REAL(wp) :: afactor !< |
|---|
| 1976 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
|---|
| 1977 | REAL(wp) :: beta_act !< |
|---|
| 1978 | REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< |
|---|
| 1979 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
|---|
| 1980 | REAL(wp) :: k_act !< |
|---|
| 1981 | REAL(wp) :: n_act !< |
|---|
| 1982 | REAL(wp) :: n_ccn !< |
|---|
| 1983 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
|---|
| 1984 | REAL(wp) :: rd0 !< |
|---|
| 1985 | REAL(wp) :: s_0 !< |
|---|
| 1986 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
|---|
| 1987 | REAL(wp) :: sat_max !< |
|---|
| 1988 | REAL(wp) :: sigma !< |
|---|
| 1989 | REAL(wp) :: t_int !< |
|---|
| 1990 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
|---|
| 1991 | |
|---|
| 1992 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 1993 | ! |
|---|
| 1994 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
|---|
| 1995 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt_1d(k) |
|---|
| 1996 | |
|---|
| 1997 | ! |
|---|
| 1998 | !-- Calculate actual temperature |
|---|
| 1999 | t_int = pt_1d(k) * ( hyp(k) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp |
|---|
| 2000 | ! |
|---|
| 2001 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
|---|
| 2002 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
|---|
| 2003 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
|---|
| 2004 | ) |
|---|
| 2005 | ! |
|---|
| 2006 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
|---|
| 2007 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
|---|
| 2008 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
|---|
| 2009 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_1d(k) ) / & |
|---|
| 2010 | ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
|---|
| 2011 | |
|---|
| 2012 | !-- Supersaturation: |
|---|
| 2013 | sat = ( q_1d(k) - qr_1d(k) - qc_1d(k) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
|---|
| 2014 | |
|---|
| 2015 | ! |
|---|
| 2016 | !-- Prescribe parameters for activation |
|---|
| 2017 | !-- (see: Bott + Trautmann, 2002, Atm. Res., 64) |
|---|
| 2018 | k_act = 0.7_wp |
|---|
| 2019 | |
|---|
| 2020 | IF ( sat >= 0.0 .AND. .NOT. curvature_solution_effects_bulk ) THEN |
|---|
| 2021 | ! |
|---|
| 2022 | !-- Compute the number of activated Aerosols |
|---|
| 2023 | !-- (see: Twomey, 1959, Pure and applied Geophysics, 43) |
|---|
| 2024 | n_act = na_init * sat**k_act |
|---|
| 2025 | ! |
|---|
| 2026 | !-- Compute the number of cloud droplets |
|---|
| 2027 | !-- (see: Morrison + Grabowski, 2007, JAS, 64) |
|---|
| 2028 | ! activ = MAX( n_act - nc_d1(k), 0.0_wp) / dt_micro |
|---|
| 2029 | |
|---|
| 2030 | ! |
|---|
| 2031 | !-- Compute activation rate after Khairoutdinov and Kogan |
|---|
| 2032 | !-- (see: Khairoutdinov + Kogan, 2000, Mon. Wea. Rev., 128) |
|---|
| 2033 | sat_max = 0.8_wp / 100.0_wp |
|---|
| 2034 | activ = MAX( 0.0_wp, ( (na_init + nc_1d(k) ) * MIN & |
|---|
| 2035 | ( 1.0_wp, ( sat / sat_max )**k_act) - nc_1d(k) ) ) / & |
|---|
| 2036 | dt_micro |
|---|
| 2037 | |
|---|
| 2038 | nc_1d(k) = MIN( (nc_1d(k) + activ * dt_micro), na_init) |
|---|
| 2039 | ELSEIF ( sat >= 0.0 .AND. curvature_solution_effects_bulk ) THEN |
|---|
| 2040 | ! |
|---|
| 2041 | !-- Curvature effect (afactor) with surface tension |
|---|
| 2042 | !-- parameterization by Straka (2009) |
|---|
| 2043 | sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp ) |
|---|
| 2044 | afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int ) |
|---|
| 2045 | ! |
|---|
| 2046 | !-- Solute effect (bfactor) |
|---|
| 2047 | bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * & |
|---|
| 2048 | rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l ) |
|---|
| 2049 | |
|---|
| 2050 | ! |
|---|
| 2051 | !-- Prescribe power index that describes the soluble fraction |
|---|
| 2052 | !-- of an aerosol particle (beta) and mean geometric radius of |
|---|
| 2053 | !-- dry aerosol spectrum |
|---|
| 2054 | !-- (see: Morrison + Grabowski, 2007, JAS, 64) |
|---|
| 2055 | beta_act = 0.5_wp |
|---|
| 2056 | rd0 = 0.05E-6_wp |
|---|
| 2057 | ! |
|---|
| 2058 | !-- Calculate mean geometric supersaturation (s_0) with |
|---|
| 2059 | !-- parameterization by Khvorostyanov and Curry (2006) |
|---|
| 2060 | s_0 = rd0 **(- ( 1.0_wp + beta_act ) ) * & |
|---|
| 2061 | ( 4.0_wp * afactor**3 / ( 27.0_wp * bfactor ) )**0.5_wp |
|---|
| 2062 | |
|---|
| 2063 | ! |
|---|
| 2064 | !-- Calculate number of activated CCN as a function of |
|---|
| 2065 | !-- supersaturation and taking Koehler theory into account |
|---|
| 2066 | !-- (see: Khvorostyanov + Curry, 2006, J. Geo. Res., 111) |
|---|
| 2067 | n_ccn = ( na_init / 2.0_wp ) * ( 1.0_wp - ERF( & |
|---|
| 2068 | LOG( s_0 / sat ) / ( SQRT(2.0_wp) * log_sigma(1) ) ) ) |
|---|
| 2069 | activ = MAX( ( n_ccn ) / dt_micro, 0.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 2070 | |
|---|
| 2071 | nc_1d(k) = MIN( (nc_1d(k) + activ * dt_micro), na_init) |
|---|
| 2072 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2073 | |
|---|
| 2074 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2075 | |
|---|
| 2076 | END SUBROUTINE activation_ij |
|---|
| 2077 | |
|---|
| 2078 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2079 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 2080 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 2081 | !> Calculate condensation rate for cloud water content (after Khairoutdinov and |
|---|
| 2082 | !> Kogan, 2000). |
|---|
| 2083 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2084 | SUBROUTINE condensation_ij( i, j ) |
|---|
| 2085 | |
|---|
| 2086 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 2087 | ONLY: hyp, nr, pt, q, qc, qr, nc |
|---|
| 2088 | |
|---|
| 2089 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2090 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, r_v, t_d_pt |
|---|
| 2091 | |
|---|
| 2092 | USE constants, & |
|---|
| 2093 | ONLY: pi |
|---|
| 2094 | |
|---|
| 2095 | USE cpulog, & |
|---|
| 2096 | ONLY: cpu_log, log_point_s |
|---|
| 2097 | |
|---|
| 2098 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 2099 | ONLY: nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng, nzb, nzt |
|---|
| 2100 | |
|---|
| 2101 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 2102 | |
|---|
| 2103 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2104 | ONLY: simulated_time |
|---|
| 2105 | |
|---|
| 2106 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 2107 | |
|---|
| 2108 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 2109 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 2110 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 2111 | |
|---|
| 2112 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
|---|
| 2113 | REAL(wp) :: cond !< |
|---|
| 2114 | REAL(wp) :: cond_max !< |
|---|
| 2115 | REAL(wp) :: dc !< |
|---|
| 2116 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
|---|
| 2117 | REAL(wp) :: evap !< |
|---|
| 2118 | REAL(wp) :: evap_nc !< |
|---|
| 2119 | REAL(wp) :: g_fac !< |
|---|
| 2120 | REAL(wp) :: nc_0 !< |
|---|
| 2121 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
|---|
| 2122 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
|---|
| 2123 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
|---|
| 2124 | REAL(wp) :: temp !< |
|---|
| 2125 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
|---|
| 2126 | |
|---|
| 2127 | |
|---|
| 2128 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 2129 | ! |
|---|
| 2130 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
|---|
| 2131 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt_1d(k) |
|---|
| 2132 | ! |
|---|
| 2133 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
|---|
| 2134 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
|---|
| 2135 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
|---|
| 2136 | ) |
|---|
| 2137 | ! |
|---|
| 2138 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
|---|
| 2139 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
|---|
| 2140 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
|---|
| 2141 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_1d(k) ) / & |
|---|
| 2142 | ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
|---|
| 2143 | |
|---|
| 2144 | !-- Supersaturation: |
|---|
| 2145 | sat = ( q_1d(k) - qr_1d(k) - qc_1d(k) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
|---|
| 2146 | |
|---|
| 2147 | |
|---|
| 2148 | ! |
|---|
| 2149 | !-- Actual temperature: |
|---|
| 2150 | temp = t_l + l_d_cp * ( qc_1d(k) + qr_1d(k) ) |
|---|
| 2151 | |
|---|
| 2152 | g_fac = 1.0_wp / ( ( l_v / ( r_v * temp ) - 1.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 2153 | l_v / ( thermal_conductivity_l * temp ) & |
|---|
| 2154 | + r_v * temp / ( diff_coeff_l * e_s ) & |
|---|
| 2155 | ) |
|---|
| 2156 | ! |
|---|
| 2157 | !-- Mean weight of cloud drops |
|---|
| 2158 | IF ( nc_1d(k) <= 0.0_wp) CYCLE |
|---|
| 2159 | xc = MAX( (hyrho(k) * qc_1d(k) / nc_1d(k)), xcmin) |
|---|
| 2160 | ! |
|---|
| 2161 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of cloud drops: |
|---|
| 2162 | dc = ( xc * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 2163 | ! |
|---|
| 2164 | !-- Integral diameter of cloud drops |
|---|
| 2165 | nc_0 = nc_1d(k) * dc |
|---|
| 2166 | ! |
|---|
| 2167 | !-- Condensation needs only to be calculated in supersaturated regions |
|---|
| 2168 | IF ( sat > 0.0_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 2169 | ! |
|---|
| 2170 | !-- Condensation rate of cloud water content |
|---|
| 2171 | !-- after KK scheme. |
|---|
| 2172 | !-- (see: Khairoutdinov + Kogan, 2000, Mon. Wea. Rev.,128) |
|---|
| 2173 | cond = 2.0_wp * pi * nc_0 * g_fac * sat / hyrho(k) |
|---|
| 2174 | cond_max = q_1d(k) - q_s - qc_1d(k) - qr_1d(k) |
|---|
| 2175 | cond = MIN( cond, cond_max / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 2176 | |
|---|
| 2177 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) + cond * dt_micro |
|---|
| 2178 | ELSEIF ( sat < 0.0_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 2179 | evap = 2.0_wp * pi * nc_0 * g_fac * sat / hyrho(k) |
|---|
| 2180 | evap = MAX( evap, -qc_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 2181 | |
|---|
| 2182 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) + evap * dt_micro |
|---|
| 2183 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2184 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2185 | |
|---|
| 2186 | END SUBROUTINE condensation_ij |
|---|
| 2187 | |
|---|
| 2188 | |
|---|
| 2189 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2190 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 2191 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 2192 | !> Autoconversion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006). Call for grid point i,j |
|---|
| 2193 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2194 | SUBROUTINE autoconversion_ij( i, j ) |
|---|
| 2195 | |
|---|
| 2196 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 2197 | ONLY: diss, dzu |
|---|
| 2198 | |
|---|
| 2199 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2200 | ONLY: hyrho |
|---|
| 2201 | |
|---|
| 2202 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2203 | ONLY: microphysics_morrison, rho_surface |
|---|
| 2204 | |
|---|
| 2205 | USE grid_variables, & |
|---|
| 2206 | ONLY: dx, dy |
|---|
| 2207 | |
|---|
| 2208 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 2209 | ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 2210 | |
|---|
| 2211 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 2212 | |
|---|
| 2213 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 2214 | |
|---|
| 2215 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 2216 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 2217 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 2218 | |
|---|
| 2219 | REAL(wp) :: alpha_cc !< |
|---|
| 2220 | REAL(wp) :: autocon !< |
|---|
| 2221 | REAL(wp) :: dissipation !< |
|---|
| 2222 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
|---|
| 2223 | REAL(wp) :: k_au !< |
|---|
| 2224 | REAL(wp) :: l_mix !< |
|---|
| 2225 | REAL(wp) :: nc_auto !< |
|---|
| 2226 | REAL(wp) :: nu_c !< |
|---|
| 2227 | REAL(wp) :: phi_au !< |
|---|
| 2228 | REAL(wp) :: r_cc !< |
|---|
| 2229 | REAL(wp) :: rc !< |
|---|
| 2230 | REAL(wp) :: re_lambda !< |
|---|
| 2231 | REAL(wp) :: sigma_cc !< |
|---|
| 2232 | REAL(wp) :: tau_cloud !< |
|---|
| 2233 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
|---|
| 2234 | |
|---|
| 2235 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 2236 | ! |
|---|
| 2237 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 2238 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 2239 | nc_auto = MERGE ( nc_1d(k), nc_const, microphysics_morrison ) |
|---|
| 2240 | |
|---|
| 2241 | IF ( qc_1d(k) > eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 2242 | |
|---|
| 2243 | k_au = k_cc / ( 20.0_wp * x0 ) |
|---|
| 2244 | ! |
|---|
| 2245 | !-- Intern time scale of coagulation (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
|---|
| 2246 | !-- (1.0_wp - qc(k,j,i) / ( qc(k,j,i) + qr_1d(k) )) |
|---|
| 2247 | tau_cloud = 1.0_wp - qc_1d(k) / ( qr_1d(k) + qc_1d(k) ) |
|---|
| 2248 | ! |
|---|
| 2249 | !-- Universal function for autoconversion process |
|---|
| 2250 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
|---|
| 2251 | phi_au = 600.0_wp * tau_cloud**0.68_wp * ( 1.0_wp - tau_cloud**0.68_wp )**3 |
|---|
| 2252 | ! |
|---|
| 2253 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Geoffroy et al., 2010): |
|---|
| 2254 | !-- (Use constant nu_c = 1.0_wp instead?) |
|---|
| 2255 | nu_c = 1.0_wp !MAX( 0.0_wp, 1580.0_wp * hyrho(k) * qc_1d(k) - 0.28_wp ) |
|---|
| 2256 | ! |
|---|
| 2257 | !-- Mean weight of cloud droplets: |
|---|
| 2258 | xc = hyrho(k) * qc_1d(k) / nc_auto |
|---|
| 2259 | ! |
|---|
| 2260 | !-- Parameterized turbulence effects on autoconversion (Seifert, |
|---|
| 2261 | !-- Nuijens and Stevens, 2010) |
|---|
| 2262 | IF ( collision_turbulence ) THEN |
|---|
| 2263 | ! |
|---|
| 2264 | !-- Weight averaged radius of cloud droplets: |
|---|
| 2265 | rc = 0.5_wp * ( xc * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 2266 | |
|---|
| 2267 | alpha_cc = ( a_1 + a_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + a_3 * nu_c ) |
|---|
| 2268 | r_cc = ( b_1 + b_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + b_3 * nu_c ) |
|---|
| 2269 | sigma_cc = ( c_1 + c_2 * nu_c ) / ( 1.0_wp + c_3 * nu_c ) |
|---|
| 2270 | ! |
|---|
| 2271 | !-- Mixing length (neglecting distance to ground and stratification) |
|---|
| 2272 | l_mix = ( dx * dy * dzu(k) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 2273 | ! |
|---|
| 2274 | !-- Limit dissipation rate according to Seifert, Nuijens and |
|---|
| 2275 | !-- Stevens (2010) |
|---|
| 2276 | dissipation = MIN( 0.06_wp, diss(k,j,i) ) |
|---|
| 2277 | ! |
|---|
| 2278 | !-- Compute Taylor-microscale Reynolds number: |
|---|
| 2279 | re_lambda = 6.0_wp / 11.0_wp * & |
|---|
| 2280 | ( l_mix / c_const )**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 2281 | SQRT( 15.0_wp / kin_vis_air ) * & |
|---|
| 2282 | dissipation**( 1.0_wp / 6.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 2283 | ! |
|---|
| 2284 | !-- The factor of 1.0E4 is needed to convert the dissipation rate |
|---|
| 2285 | !-- from m2 s-3 to cm2 s-3. |
|---|
| 2286 | k_au = k_au * ( 1.0_wp + & |
|---|
| 2287 | dissipation * 1.0E4_wp * & |
|---|
| 2288 | ( re_lambda * 1.0E-3_wp )**0.25_wp * & |
|---|
| 2289 | ( alpha_cc * EXP( -1.0_wp * ( ( rc - r_cc ) / & |
|---|
| 2290 | sigma_cc )**2 & |
|---|
| 2291 | ) + beta_cc & |
|---|
| 2292 | ) & |
|---|
| 2293 | ) |
|---|
| 2294 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2295 | ! |
|---|
| 2296 | !-- Autoconversion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
|---|
| 2297 | autocon = k_au * ( nu_c + 2.0_wp ) * ( nu_c + 4.0_wp ) / & |
|---|
| 2298 | ( nu_c + 1.0_wp )**2 * qc_1d(k)**2 * xc**2 * & |
|---|
| 2299 | ( 1.0_wp + phi_au / ( 1.0_wp - tau_cloud )**2 ) * & |
|---|
| 2300 | rho_surface |
|---|
| 2301 | autocon = MIN( autocon, qc_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 2302 | |
|---|
| 2303 | qr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) + autocon * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2304 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) - autocon * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2305 | nr_1d(k) = nr_1d(k) + autocon / x0 * hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2306 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
|---|
| 2307 | nc_1d(k) = nc_1d(k) - MIN( nc_1d(k), 2.0_wp * & |
|---|
| 2308 | autocon / x0 * hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag ) |
|---|
| 2309 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2310 | |
|---|
| 2311 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2312 | |
|---|
| 2313 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2314 | |
|---|
| 2315 | END SUBROUTINE autoconversion_ij |
|---|
| 2316 | |
|---|
| 2317 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2318 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 2319 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 2320 | !> Autoconversion process (Kessler, 1969). |
|---|
| 2321 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2322 | SUBROUTINE autoconversion_kessler_ij( i, j ) |
|---|
| 2323 | |
|---|
| 2324 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 2325 | ONLY: dzw, prr |
|---|
| 2326 | |
|---|
| 2327 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2328 | ONLY: l_d_cp, pt_d_t |
|---|
| 2329 | |
|---|
| 2330 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 2331 | ONLY: nzb, nzb_max, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 2332 | |
|---|
| 2333 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 2334 | |
|---|
| 2335 | |
|---|
| 2336 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 2337 | |
|---|
| 2338 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 2339 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 2340 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 2341 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k_wall !< topography top index |
|---|
| 2342 | |
|---|
| 2343 | REAL(wp) :: dqdt_precip !< |
|---|
| 2344 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
|---|
| 2345 | |
|---|
| 2346 | ! |
|---|
| 2347 | !-- Determine vertical index of topography top |
|---|
| 2348 | k_wall = MAXLOC( & |
|---|
| 2349 | MERGE( 1, 0, & |
|---|
| 2350 | BTEST( wall_flags_0(nzb:nzb_max,j,i), 12 ) & |
|---|
| 2351 | ), DIM = 1 & |
|---|
| 2352 | ) - 1 |
|---|
| 2353 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 2354 | ! |
|---|
| 2355 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 2356 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 2357 | |
|---|
| 2358 | IF ( qc_1d(k) > ql_crit ) THEN |
|---|
| 2359 | dqdt_precip = prec_time_const * ( qc_1d(k) - ql_crit ) |
|---|
| 2360 | ELSE |
|---|
| 2361 | dqdt_precip = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2362 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2363 | |
|---|
| 2364 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) - dqdt_precip * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2365 | q_1d(k) = q_1d(k) - dqdt_precip * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2366 | pt_1d(k) = pt_1d(k) + dqdt_precip * dt_micro * l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * flag |
|---|
| 2367 | |
|---|
| 2368 | ! |
|---|
| 2369 | !-- Compute the rain rate (stored on surface grid point) |
|---|
| 2370 | prr(k_wall,j,i) = prr(k_wall,j,i) + dqdt_precip * dzw(k) * flag |
|---|
| 2371 | |
|---|
| 2372 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2373 | |
|---|
| 2374 | END SUBROUTINE autoconversion_kessler_ij |
|---|
| 2375 | |
|---|
| 2376 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2377 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 2378 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 2379 | !> Accretion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006). Call for grid point i,j |
|---|
| 2380 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2381 | SUBROUTINE accretion_ij( i, j ) |
|---|
| 2382 | |
|---|
| 2383 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 2384 | ONLY: diss |
|---|
| 2385 | |
|---|
| 2386 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2387 | ONLY: hyrho |
|---|
| 2388 | |
|---|
| 2389 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2390 | ONLY: microphysics_morrison, rho_surface |
|---|
| 2391 | |
|---|
| 2392 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 2393 | ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 2394 | |
|---|
| 2395 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 2396 | |
|---|
| 2397 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 2398 | |
|---|
| 2399 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 2400 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 2401 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 2402 | |
|---|
| 2403 | REAL(wp) :: accr !< |
|---|
| 2404 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
|---|
| 2405 | REAL(wp) :: k_cr !< |
|---|
| 2406 | REAL(wp) :: nc_accr !< |
|---|
| 2407 | REAL(wp) :: phi_ac !< |
|---|
| 2408 | REAL(wp) :: tau_cloud !< |
|---|
| 2409 | REAL(wp) :: xc !< |
|---|
| 2410 | |
|---|
| 2411 | |
|---|
| 2412 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 2413 | ! |
|---|
| 2414 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 2415 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 2416 | nc_accr = MERGE ( nc_1d(k), nc_const, microphysics_morrison ) |
|---|
| 2417 | |
|---|
| 2418 | IF ( ( qc_1d(k) > eps_sb ) .AND. ( qr_1d(k) > eps_sb ) .AND. & |
|---|
| 2419 | ( nc_accr > eps_mr ) ) THEN |
|---|
| 2420 | ! |
|---|
| 2421 | !-- Intern time scale of coagulation (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
|---|
| 2422 | tau_cloud = 1.0_wp - qc_1d(k) / ( qc_1d(k) + qr_1d(k) ) |
|---|
| 2423 | ! |
|---|
| 2424 | !-- Universal function for accretion process |
|---|
| 2425 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2001): |
|---|
| 2426 | phi_ac = ( tau_cloud / ( tau_cloud + 5.0E-5_wp ) )**4 |
|---|
| 2427 | |
|---|
| 2428 | ! |
|---|
| 2429 | !-- Mean weight of cloud drops |
|---|
| 2430 | xc = MAX( (hyrho(k) * qc_1d(k) / nc_accr), xcmin) |
|---|
| 2431 | ! |
|---|
| 2432 | !-- Parameterized turbulence effects on autoconversion (Seifert, |
|---|
| 2433 | !-- Nuijens and Stevens, 2010). The factor of 1.0E4 is needed to |
|---|
| 2434 | !-- convert the dissipation rate (diss) from m2 s-3 to cm2 s-3. |
|---|
| 2435 | IF ( collision_turbulence ) THEN |
|---|
| 2436 | k_cr = k_cr0 * ( 1.0_wp + 0.05_wp * & |
|---|
| 2437 | MIN( 600.0_wp, & |
|---|
| 2438 | diss(k,j,i) * 1.0E4_wp )**0.25_wp & |
|---|
| 2439 | ) |
|---|
| 2440 | ELSE |
|---|
| 2441 | k_cr = k_cr0 |
|---|
| 2442 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2443 | ! |
|---|
| 2444 | !-- Accretion rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
|---|
| 2445 | accr = k_cr * qc_1d(k) * qr_1d(k) * phi_ac * & |
|---|
| 2446 | SQRT( rho_surface * hyrho(k) ) |
|---|
| 2447 | accr = MIN( accr, qc_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 2448 | |
|---|
| 2449 | qr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) + accr * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2450 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) - accr * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2451 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
|---|
| 2452 | nc_1d(k) = nc_1d(k) - MIN( nc_1d(k), accr / xc * & |
|---|
| 2453 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag & |
|---|
| 2454 | ) |
|---|
| 2455 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2456 | |
|---|
| 2457 | |
|---|
| 2458 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2459 | |
|---|
| 2460 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2461 | |
|---|
| 2462 | END SUBROUTINE accretion_ij |
|---|
| 2463 | |
|---|
| 2464 | |
|---|
| 2465 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2466 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 2467 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 2468 | !> Collisional breakup rate (Seifert, 2008). Call for grid point i,j |
|---|
| 2469 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2470 | SUBROUTINE selfcollection_breakup_ij( i, j ) |
|---|
| 2471 | |
|---|
| 2472 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2473 | ONLY: hyrho |
|---|
| 2474 | |
|---|
| 2475 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2476 | ONLY: rho_surface |
|---|
| 2477 | |
|---|
| 2478 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 2479 | ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 2480 | |
|---|
| 2481 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 2482 | |
|---|
| 2483 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 2484 | |
|---|
| 2485 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 2486 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 2487 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 2488 | |
|---|
| 2489 | REAL(wp) :: breakup !< |
|---|
| 2490 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
|---|
| 2491 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
|---|
| 2492 | REAL(wp) :: phi_br !< |
|---|
| 2493 | REAL(wp) :: selfcoll !< |
|---|
| 2494 | |
|---|
| 2495 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 2496 | ! |
|---|
| 2497 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 2498 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 2499 | |
|---|
| 2500 | IF ( qr_1d(k) > eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 2501 | ! |
|---|
| 2502 | !-- Selfcollection rate (Seifert and Beheng, 2001): |
|---|
| 2503 | selfcoll = k_rr * nr_1d(k) * qr_1d(k) * SQRT( hyrho(k) * rho_surface ) |
|---|
| 2504 | ! |
|---|
| 2505 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
|---|
| 2506 | dr = ( hyrho(k) * qr_1d(k) / nr_1d(k) * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 2507 | ! |
|---|
| 2508 | !-- Collisional breakup rate (Seifert, 2008): |
|---|
| 2509 | IF ( dr >= 0.3E-3_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 2510 | phi_br = k_br * ( dr - 1.1E-3_wp ) |
|---|
| 2511 | breakup = selfcoll * ( phi_br + 1.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 2512 | ELSE |
|---|
| 2513 | breakup = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2514 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2515 | |
|---|
| 2516 | selfcoll = MAX( breakup - selfcoll, -nr_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 2517 | nr_1d(k) = nr_1d(k) + selfcoll * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2518 | |
|---|
| 2519 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2520 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2521 | |
|---|
| 2522 | END SUBROUTINE selfcollection_breakup_ij |
|---|
| 2523 | |
|---|
| 2524 | |
|---|
| 2525 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2526 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 2527 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 2528 | !> Evaporation of precipitable water. Condensation is neglected for |
|---|
| 2529 | !> precipitable water. Call for grid point i,j |
|---|
| 2530 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2531 | SUBROUTINE evaporation_rain_ij( i, j ) |
|---|
| 2532 | |
|---|
| 2533 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 2534 | ONLY: hyp |
|---|
| 2535 | |
|---|
| 2536 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2537 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, r_v, t_d_pt |
|---|
| 2538 | |
|---|
| 2539 | USE constants, & |
|---|
| 2540 | ONLY: pi |
|---|
| 2541 | |
|---|
| 2542 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 2543 | ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 2544 | |
|---|
| 2545 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 2546 | |
|---|
| 2547 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 2548 | |
|---|
| 2549 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 2550 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 2551 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 2552 | |
|---|
| 2553 | REAL(wp) :: alpha !< |
|---|
| 2554 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
|---|
| 2555 | REAL(wp) :: e_s !< |
|---|
| 2556 | REAL(wp) :: evap !< |
|---|
| 2557 | REAL(wp) :: evap_nr !< |
|---|
| 2558 | REAL(wp) :: f_vent !< |
|---|
| 2559 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
|---|
| 2560 | REAL(wp) :: g_evap !< |
|---|
| 2561 | REAL(wp) :: lambda_r !< |
|---|
| 2562 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r !< |
|---|
| 2563 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r_2 !< |
|---|
| 2564 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r_5d2 !< |
|---|
| 2565 | REAL(wp) :: nr_0 !< |
|---|
| 2566 | REAL(wp) :: q_s !< |
|---|
| 2567 | REAL(wp) :: sat !< |
|---|
| 2568 | REAL(wp) :: t_l !< |
|---|
| 2569 | REAL(wp) :: temp !< |
|---|
| 2570 | REAL(wp) :: xr !< |
|---|
| 2571 | |
|---|
| 2572 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 2573 | ! |
|---|
| 2574 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 2575 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 2576 | |
|---|
| 2577 | IF ( qr_1d(k) > eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 2578 | ! |
|---|
| 2579 | !-- Actual liquid water temperature: |
|---|
| 2580 | t_l = t_d_pt(k) * pt_1d(k) |
|---|
| 2581 | ! |
|---|
| 2582 | !-- Saturation vapor pressure at t_l: |
|---|
| 2583 | e_s = 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_l - 273.16_wp ) / & |
|---|
| 2584 | ( t_l - 35.86_wp ) & |
|---|
| 2585 | ) |
|---|
| 2586 | ! |
|---|
| 2587 | !-- Computation of saturation humidity: |
|---|
| 2588 | q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / ( hyp(k) - 0.378_wp * e_s ) |
|---|
| 2589 | alpha = 0.622_wp * l_d_r * l_d_cp / ( t_l * t_l ) |
|---|
| 2590 | q_s = q_s * ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_1d(k) ) / ( 1.0_wp + alpha * q_s ) |
|---|
| 2591 | ! |
|---|
| 2592 | !-- Supersaturation: |
|---|
| 2593 | sat = ( q_1d(k) - qr_1d(k) - qc_1d(k) ) / q_s - 1.0_wp |
|---|
| 2594 | ! |
|---|
| 2595 | !-- Evaporation needs only to be calculated in subsaturated regions |
|---|
| 2596 | IF ( sat < 0.0_wp ) THEN |
|---|
| 2597 | ! |
|---|
| 2598 | !-- Actual temperature: |
|---|
| 2599 | temp = t_l + l_d_cp * ( qc_1d(k) + qr_1d(k) ) |
|---|
| 2600 | |
|---|
| 2601 | g_evap = 1.0_wp / ( ( l_v / ( r_v * temp ) - 1.0_wp ) * l_v / & |
|---|
| 2602 | ( thermal_conductivity_l * temp ) + & |
|---|
| 2603 | r_v * temp / ( diff_coeff_l * e_s ) & |
|---|
| 2604 | ) |
|---|
| 2605 | ! |
|---|
| 2606 | !-- Mean weight of rain drops |
|---|
| 2607 | xr = hyrho(k) * qr_1d(k) / nr_1d(k) |
|---|
| 2608 | ! |
|---|
| 2609 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
|---|
| 2610 | dr = ( xr * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 2611 | ! |
|---|
| 2612 | !-- Compute ventilation factor and intercept parameter |
|---|
| 2613 | !-- (Seifert and Beheng, 2006; Seifert, 2008): |
|---|
| 2614 | IF ( ventilation_effect ) THEN |
|---|
| 2615 | ! |
|---|
| 2616 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Milbrandt and Yau, 2005; |
|---|
| 2617 | !-- Stevens and Seifert, 2008): |
|---|
| 2618 | mu_r = 10.0_wp * ( 1.0_wp + TANH( 1.2E3_wp * ( dr - 1.4E-3_wp ) ) ) |
|---|
| 2619 | ! |
|---|
| 2620 | !-- Slope parameter of gamma distribution (Seifert, 2008): |
|---|
| 2621 | lambda_r = ( ( mu_r + 3.0_wp ) * ( mu_r + 2.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 2622 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) & |
|---|
| 2623 | )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) / dr |
|---|
| 2624 | |
|---|
| 2625 | mu_r_2 = mu_r + 2.0_wp |
|---|
| 2626 | mu_r_5d2 = mu_r + 2.5_wp |
|---|
| 2627 | |
|---|
| 2628 | f_vent = a_vent * gamm( mu_r_2 ) * lambda_r**( -mu_r_2 ) + & |
|---|
| 2629 | b_vent * schmidt_p_1d3 * & |
|---|
| 2630 | SQRT( a_term / kin_vis_air ) * gamm( mu_r_5d2 ) * & |
|---|
| 2631 | lambda_r**( -mu_r_5d2 ) * & |
|---|
| 2632 | ( 1.0_wp - & |
|---|
| 2633 | 0.5_wp * ( b_term / a_term ) * & |
|---|
| 2634 | ( lambda_r / ( c_term + lambda_r ) & |
|---|
| 2635 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
|---|
| 2636 | 0.125_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**2 * & |
|---|
| 2637 | ( lambda_r / ( 2.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
|---|
| 2638 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
|---|
| 2639 | 0.0625_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**3 * & |
|---|
| 2640 | ( lambda_r / ( 3.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
|---|
| 2641 | )**mu_r_5d2 - & |
|---|
| 2642 | 0.0390625_wp * ( b_term / a_term )**4 * & |
|---|
| 2643 | ( lambda_r / ( 4.0_wp * c_term + lambda_r ) & |
|---|
| 2644 | )**mu_r_5d2 & |
|---|
| 2645 | ) |
|---|
| 2646 | |
|---|
| 2647 | nr_0 = nr_1d(k) * lambda_r**( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) / & |
|---|
| 2648 | gamm( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 2649 | ELSE |
|---|
| 2650 | f_vent = 1.0_wp |
|---|
| 2651 | nr_0 = nr_1d(k) * dr |
|---|
| 2652 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2653 | ! |
|---|
| 2654 | !-- Evaporation rate of rain water content (Seifert and Beheng, 2006): |
|---|
| 2655 | evap = 2.0_wp * pi * nr_0 * g_evap * f_vent * sat / hyrho(k) |
|---|
| 2656 | evap = MAX( evap, -qr_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 2657 | evap_nr = MAX( c_evap * evap / xr * hyrho(k), & |
|---|
| 2658 | -nr_1d(k) / dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 2659 | |
|---|
| 2660 | qr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) + evap * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2661 | nr_1d(k) = nr_1d(k) + evap_nr * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2662 | |
|---|
| 2663 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2664 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2665 | |
|---|
| 2666 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2667 | |
|---|
| 2668 | END SUBROUTINE evaporation_rain_ij |
|---|
| 2669 | |
|---|
| 2670 | |
|---|
| 2671 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2672 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 2673 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 2674 | !> Sedimentation of cloud droplets (Ackermann et al., 2009, MWR). |
|---|
| 2675 | !> Call for grid point i,j |
|---|
| 2676 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2677 | SUBROUTINE sedimentation_cloud_ij( i, j ) |
|---|
| 2678 | |
|---|
| 2679 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 2680 | ONLY: ddzu, dzu, prr |
|---|
| 2681 | |
|---|
| 2682 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2683 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, pt_d_t |
|---|
| 2684 | |
|---|
| 2685 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2686 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, & |
|---|
| 2687 | intermediate_timestep_count, microphysics_morrison |
|---|
| 2688 | |
|---|
| 2689 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 2690 | ONLY: nzb, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 2691 | |
|---|
| 2692 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 2693 | |
|---|
| 2694 | USE statistics, & |
|---|
| 2695 | ONLY: weight_substep |
|---|
| 2696 | |
|---|
| 2697 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 2698 | |
|---|
| 2699 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< |
|---|
| 2700 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 2701 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< |
|---|
| 2702 | |
|---|
| 2703 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
|---|
| 2704 | REAL(wp) :: nc_sedi !< |
|---|
| 2705 | |
|---|
| 2706 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_nc !< |
|---|
| 2707 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_qc !< |
|---|
| 2708 | |
|---|
| 2709 | sed_qc(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2710 | |
|---|
| 2711 | DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1 |
|---|
| 2712 | ! |
|---|
| 2713 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 2714 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 2715 | nc_sedi = MERGE( nc_1d(k), nc_const, microphysics_morrison ) |
|---|
| 2716 | ! |
|---|
| 2717 | !-- Sedimentation fluxes for number concentration are only calculated |
|---|
| 2718 | !-- for cloud_scheme = 'morrison' |
|---|
| 2719 | IF ( microphysics_morrison ) THEN |
|---|
| 2720 | IF ( qc_1d(k) > eps_sb .AND. nc_1d(k) > eps_mr ) THEN |
|---|
| 2721 | sed_nc(k) = sed_qc_const * & |
|---|
| 2722 | ( qc_1d(k) * hyrho(k) )**( 2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 2723 | ( nc_1d(k) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 2724 | ELSE |
|---|
| 2725 | sed_nc(k) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2726 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2727 | |
|---|
| 2728 | sed_nc(k) = MIN( sed_nc(k), hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * & |
|---|
| 2729 | nc_1d(k) / dt_micro + sed_nc(k+1) & |
|---|
| 2730 | ) * flag |
|---|
| 2731 | |
|---|
| 2732 | nc_1d(k) = nc_1d(k) + ( sed_nc(k+1) - sed_nc(k) ) * & |
|---|
| 2733 | ddzu(k+1) / hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2734 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2735 | |
|---|
| 2736 | IF ( qc_1d(k) > eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 2737 | sed_qc(k) = sed_qc_const * nc_sedi**( -2.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 2738 | ( qc_1d(k) * hyrho(k) )**( 5.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) * flag |
|---|
| 2739 | ELSE |
|---|
| 2740 | sed_qc(k) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2741 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2742 | |
|---|
| 2743 | sed_qc(k) = MIN( sed_qc(k), hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * q_1d(k) / & |
|---|
| 2744 | dt_micro + sed_qc(k+1) & |
|---|
| 2745 | ) * flag |
|---|
| 2746 | |
|---|
| 2747 | q_1d(k) = q_1d(k) + ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
|---|
| 2748 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2749 | qc_1d(k) = qc_1d(k) + ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
|---|
| 2750 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2751 | pt_1d(k) = pt_1d(k) - ( sed_qc(k+1) - sed_qc(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
|---|
| 2752 | hyrho(k) * l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2753 | |
|---|
| 2754 | ! |
|---|
| 2755 | !-- Compute the precipitation rate of cloud (fog) droplets |
|---|
| 2756 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
|---|
| 2757 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qc(k) / hyrho(k) * & |
|---|
| 2758 | weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count) * flag |
|---|
| 2759 | ELSE |
|---|
| 2760 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qc(k) / hyrho(k) * flag |
|---|
| 2761 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2762 | |
|---|
| 2763 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2764 | |
|---|
| 2765 | END SUBROUTINE sedimentation_cloud_ij |
|---|
| 2766 | |
|---|
| 2767 | |
|---|
| 2768 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2769 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 2770 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 2771 | !> Computation of sedimentation flux. Implementation according to Stevens |
|---|
| 2772 | !> and Seifert (2008). Code is based on UCLA-LES. Call for grid point i,j |
|---|
| 2773 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 2774 | SUBROUTINE sedimentation_rain_ij( i, j ) |
|---|
| 2775 | |
|---|
| 2776 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 2777 | ONLY: ddzu, dzu, prr |
|---|
| 2778 | |
|---|
| 2779 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2780 | ONLY: hyrho, l_d_cp, pt_d_t |
|---|
| 2781 | |
|---|
| 2782 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 2783 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, intermediate_timestep_count |
|---|
| 2784 | |
|---|
| 2785 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 2786 | ONLY: nzb, nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 2787 | |
|---|
| 2788 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 2789 | |
|---|
| 2790 | USE statistics, & |
|---|
| 2791 | ONLY: weight_substep |
|---|
| 2792 | |
|---|
| 2793 | USE surface_mod, & |
|---|
| 2794 | ONLY : bc_h |
|---|
| 2795 | |
|---|
| 2796 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 2797 | |
|---|
| 2798 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction |
|---|
| 2799 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction |
|---|
| 2800 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction |
|---|
| 2801 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k_run !< |
|---|
| 2802 | INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements |
|---|
| 2803 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_e !< End index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
|---|
| 2804 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_s !< Start index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
|---|
| 2805 | |
|---|
| 2806 | REAL(wp) :: c_run !< |
|---|
| 2807 | REAL(wp) :: d_max !< |
|---|
| 2808 | REAL(wp) :: d_mean !< |
|---|
| 2809 | REAL(wp) :: d_min !< |
|---|
| 2810 | REAL(wp) :: dr !< |
|---|
| 2811 | REAL(wp) :: flux !< |
|---|
| 2812 | REAL(wp) :: flag !< flag to indicate first grid level above surface |
|---|
| 2813 | REAL(wp) :: lambda_r !< |
|---|
| 2814 | REAL(wp) :: mu_r !< |
|---|
| 2815 | REAL(wp) :: z_run !< |
|---|
| 2816 | |
|---|
| 2817 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: c_nr !< |
|---|
| 2818 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: c_qr !< |
|---|
| 2819 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: nr_slope !< |
|---|
| 2820 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: qr_slope !< |
|---|
| 2821 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_nr !< |
|---|
| 2822 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: sed_qr !< |
|---|
| 2823 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: w_nr !< |
|---|
| 2824 | REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1) :: w_qr !< |
|---|
| 2825 | |
|---|
| 2826 | ! |
|---|
| 2827 | !-- Compute velocities |
|---|
| 2828 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 2829 | ! |
|---|
| 2830 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 2831 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 2832 | |
|---|
| 2833 | IF ( qr_1d(k) > eps_sb ) THEN |
|---|
| 2834 | ! |
|---|
| 2835 | !-- Weight averaged diameter of rain drops: |
|---|
| 2836 | dr = ( hyrho(k) * qr_1d(k) / nr_1d(k) * dpirho_l )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) |
|---|
| 2837 | ! |
|---|
| 2838 | !-- Shape parameter of gamma distribution (Milbrandt and Yau, 2005; |
|---|
| 2839 | !-- Stevens and Seifert, 2008): |
|---|
| 2840 | mu_r = 10.0_wp * ( 1.0_wp + TANH( 1.2E3_wp * ( dr - 1.4E-3_wp ) ) ) |
|---|
| 2841 | ! |
|---|
| 2842 | !-- Slope parameter of gamma distribution (Seifert, 2008): |
|---|
| 2843 | lambda_r = ( ( mu_r + 3.0_wp ) * ( mu_r + 2.0_wp ) * & |
|---|
| 2844 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) )**( 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp ) / dr |
|---|
| 2845 | |
|---|
| 2846 | w_nr(k) = MAX( 0.1_wp, MIN( 20.0_wp, & |
|---|
| 2847 | a_term - b_term * ( 1.0_wp + & |
|---|
| 2848 | c_term / lambda_r )**( -1.0_wp * & |
|---|
| 2849 | ( mu_r + 1.0_wp ) ) & |
|---|
| 2850 | ) & |
|---|
| 2851 | ) * flag |
|---|
| 2852 | w_qr(k) = MAX( 0.1_wp, MIN( 20.0_wp, & |
|---|
| 2853 | a_term - b_term * ( 1.0_wp + & |
|---|
| 2854 | c_term / lambda_r )**( -1.0_wp * & |
|---|
| 2855 | ( mu_r + 4.0_wp ) ) & |
|---|
| 2856 | ) & |
|---|
| 2857 | ) * flag |
|---|
| 2858 | ELSE |
|---|
| 2859 | w_nr(k) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2860 | w_qr(k) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2861 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2862 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2863 | ! |
|---|
| 2864 | !-- Adjust boundary values using surface data type. |
|---|
| 2865 | !-- Upward facing non-natural |
|---|
| 2866 | surf_s = bc_h(0)%start_index(j,i) |
|---|
| 2867 | surf_e = bc_h(0)%end_index(j,i) |
|---|
| 2868 | DO m = surf_s, surf_e |
|---|
| 2869 | k = bc_h(0)%k(m) |
|---|
| 2870 | w_nr(k-1) = w_nr(k) |
|---|
| 2871 | w_qr(k-1) = w_qr(k) |
|---|
| 2872 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2873 | ! |
|---|
| 2874 | !-- Downward facing non-natural |
|---|
| 2875 | surf_s = bc_h(1)%start_index(j,i) |
|---|
| 2876 | surf_e = bc_h(1)%end_index(j,i) |
|---|
| 2877 | DO m = surf_s, surf_e |
|---|
| 2878 | k = bc_h(1)%k(m) |
|---|
| 2879 | w_nr(k+1) = w_nr(k) |
|---|
| 2880 | w_qr(k+1) = w_qr(k) |
|---|
| 2881 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2882 | ! |
|---|
| 2883 | !-- Neumann boundary condition at model top |
|---|
| 2884 | w_nr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2885 | w_qr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2886 | ! |
|---|
| 2887 | !-- Compute Courant number |
|---|
| 2888 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 2889 | ! |
|---|
| 2890 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 2891 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 2892 | |
|---|
| 2893 | c_nr(k) = 0.25_wp * ( w_nr(k-1) + 2.0_wp * w_nr(k) + w_nr(k+1) ) * & |
|---|
| 2894 | dt_micro * ddzu(k) * flag |
|---|
| 2895 | c_qr(k) = 0.25_wp * ( w_qr(k-1) + 2.0_wp * w_qr(k) + w_qr(k+1) ) * & |
|---|
| 2896 | dt_micro * ddzu(k) * flag |
|---|
| 2897 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2898 | ! |
|---|
| 2899 | !-- Limit slopes with monotonized centered (MC) limiter (van Leer, 1977): |
|---|
| 2900 | IF ( limiter_sedimentation ) THEN |
|---|
| 2901 | |
|---|
| 2902 | DO k = nzb+1, nzt |
|---|
| 2903 | ! |
|---|
| 2904 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 2905 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 2906 | |
|---|
| 2907 | d_mean = 0.5_wp * ( qr_1d(k+1) - qr_1d(k-1) ) |
|---|
| 2908 | d_min = qr_1d(k) - MIN( qr_1d(k+1), qr_1d(k), qr_1d(k-1) ) |
|---|
| 2909 | d_max = MAX( qr_1d(k+1), qr_1d(k), qr_1d(k-1) ) - qr_1d(k) |
|---|
| 2910 | |
|---|
| 2911 | qr_slope(k) = SIGN(1.0_wp, d_mean) * MIN ( 2.0_wp * d_min, & |
|---|
| 2912 | 2.0_wp * d_max, & |
|---|
| 2913 | ABS( d_mean ) ) * flag |
|---|
| 2914 | |
|---|
| 2915 | d_mean = 0.5_wp * ( nr_1d(k+1) - nr_1d(k-1) ) |
|---|
| 2916 | d_min = nr_1d(k) - MIN( nr_1d(k+1), nr_1d(k), nr_1d(k-1) ) |
|---|
| 2917 | d_max = MAX( nr_1d(k+1), nr_1d(k), nr_1d(k-1) ) - nr_1d(k) |
|---|
| 2918 | |
|---|
| 2919 | nr_slope(k) = SIGN(1.0_wp, d_mean) * MIN ( 2.0_wp * d_min, & |
|---|
| 2920 | 2.0_wp * d_max, & |
|---|
| 2921 | ABS( d_mean ) ) * flag |
|---|
| 2922 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2923 | |
|---|
| 2924 | ELSE |
|---|
| 2925 | |
|---|
| 2926 | nr_slope = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2927 | qr_slope = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2928 | |
|---|
| 2929 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 2930 | |
|---|
| 2931 | sed_nr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2932 | sed_qr(nzt+1) = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2933 | ! |
|---|
| 2934 | !-- Compute sedimentation flux |
|---|
| 2935 | DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1 |
|---|
| 2936 | ! |
|---|
| 2937 | !-- Predetermine flag to mask topography |
|---|
| 2938 | flag = MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) |
|---|
| 2939 | ! |
|---|
| 2940 | !-- Sum up all rain drop number densities which contribute to the flux |
|---|
| 2941 | !-- through k-1/2 |
|---|
| 2942 | flux = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2943 | z_run = 0.0_wp ! height above z(k) |
|---|
| 2944 | k_run = k |
|---|
| 2945 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_nr(k) ) |
|---|
| 2946 | DO WHILE ( c_run > 0.0_wp .AND. k_run <= nzt ) |
|---|
| 2947 | flux = flux + hyrho(k_run) * & |
|---|
| 2948 | ( nr_1d(k_run) + nr_slope(k_run) * ( 1.0_wp - c_run ) * & |
|---|
| 2949 | 0.5_wp ) * c_run * dzu(k_run) * flag |
|---|
| 2950 | z_run = z_run + dzu(k_run) * flag |
|---|
| 2951 | k_run = k_run + 1 * flag |
|---|
| 2952 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_nr(k_run) - z_run * ddzu(k_run) ) * flag |
|---|
| 2953 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2954 | ! |
|---|
| 2955 | !-- It is not allowed to sediment more rain drop number density than |
|---|
| 2956 | !-- available |
|---|
| 2957 | flux = MIN( flux, & |
|---|
| 2958 | hyrho(k) * dzu(k+1) * nr_1d(k) + sed_nr(k+1) * dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 2959 | |
|---|
| 2960 | sed_nr(k) = flux / dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2961 | nr_1d(k) = nr_1d(k) + ( sed_nr(k+1) - sed_nr(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
|---|
| 2962 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2963 | ! |
|---|
| 2964 | !-- Sum up all rain water content which contributes to the flux |
|---|
| 2965 | !-- through k-1/2 |
|---|
| 2966 | flux = 0.0_wp |
|---|
| 2967 | z_run = 0.0_wp ! height above z(k) |
|---|
| 2968 | k_run = k |
|---|
| 2969 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_qr(k) ) |
|---|
| 2970 | |
|---|
| 2971 | DO WHILE ( c_run > 0.0_wp .AND. k_run <= nzt ) |
|---|
| 2972 | |
|---|
| 2973 | flux = flux + hyrho(k_run) * & |
|---|
| 2974 | ( qr_1d(k_run) + qr_slope(k_run) * ( 1.0_wp - c_run ) * & |
|---|
| 2975 | 0.5_wp ) * c_run * dzu(k_run) * flag |
|---|
| 2976 | z_run = z_run + dzu(k_run) * flag |
|---|
| 2977 | k_run = k_run + 1 * flag |
|---|
| 2978 | c_run = MIN( 1.0_wp, c_qr(k_run) - z_run * ddzu(k_run) ) * flag |
|---|
| 2979 | |
|---|
| 2980 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 2981 | ! |
|---|
| 2982 | !-- It is not allowed to sediment more rain water content than available |
|---|
| 2983 | flux = MIN( flux, & |
|---|
| 2984 | hyrho(k) * dzu(k) * qr_1d(k) + sed_qr(k+1) * dt_micro ) |
|---|
| 2985 | |
|---|
| 2986 | sed_qr(k) = flux / dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2987 | |
|---|
| 2988 | qr_1d(k) = qr_1d(k) + ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
|---|
| 2989 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2990 | q_1d(k) = q_1d(k) + ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
|---|
| 2991 | hyrho(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2992 | pt_1d(k) = pt_1d(k) - ( sed_qr(k+1) - sed_qr(k) ) * ddzu(k+1) / & |
|---|
| 2993 | hyrho(k) * l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * dt_micro * flag |
|---|
| 2994 | ! |
|---|
| 2995 | !-- Compute the rain rate |
|---|
| 2996 | IF ( call_microphysics_at_all_substeps ) THEN |
|---|
| 2997 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k) / hyrho(k) & |
|---|
| 2998 | * weight_substep(intermediate_timestep_count) * flag |
|---|
| 2999 | ELSE |
|---|
| 3000 | prr(k,j,i) = prr(k,j,i) + sed_qr(k) / hyrho(k) * flag |
|---|
| 3001 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 3002 | |
|---|
| 3003 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 3004 | |
|---|
| 3005 | END SUBROUTINE sedimentation_rain_ij |
|---|
| 3006 | |
|---|
| 3007 | |
|---|
| 3008 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 3009 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 3010 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 3011 | !> This subroutine computes the precipitation amount due to gravitational |
|---|
| 3012 | !> settling of rain and cloud (fog) droplets |
|---|
| 3013 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 3014 | SUBROUTINE calc_precipitation_amount_ij( i, j ) |
|---|
| 3015 | |
|---|
| 3016 | USE arrays_3d, & |
|---|
| 3017 | ONLY: precipitation_amount, prr |
|---|
| 3018 | |
|---|
| 3019 | USE cloud_parameters, & |
|---|
| 3020 | ONLY: hyrho |
|---|
| 3021 | |
|---|
| 3022 | USE control_parameters, & |
|---|
| 3023 | ONLY: call_microphysics_at_all_substeps, dt_do2d_xy, dt_3d, & |
|---|
| 3024 | intermediate_timestep_count, intermediate_timestep_count_max,& |
|---|
| 3025 | precipitation_amount_interval, time_do2d_xy |
|---|
| 3026 | |
|---|
| 3027 | USE indices, & |
|---|
| 3028 | ONLY: nzb, nzt, wall_flags_0 |
|---|
| 3029 | |
|---|
| 3030 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 3031 | |
|---|
| 3032 | USE surface_mod, & |
|---|
| 3033 | ONLY : bc_h |
|---|
| 3034 | |
|---|
| 3035 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 3036 | |
|---|
| 3037 | INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index x direction |
|---|
| 3038 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index y direction |
|---|
| 3039 | INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index z direction |
|---|
| 3040 | INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements |
|---|
| 3041 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_e !< End index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
|---|
| 3042 | INTEGER(iwp) :: surf_s !< Start index of surface elements at (j,i)-gridpoint |
|---|
| 3043 | |
|---|
| 3044 | IF ( ( dt_do2d_xy - time_do2d_xy ) < precipitation_amount_interval .AND.& |
|---|
| 3045 | ( .NOT. call_microphysics_at_all_substeps .OR. & |
|---|
| 3046 | intermediate_timestep_count == intermediate_timestep_count_max ) ) & |
|---|
| 3047 | THEN |
|---|
| 3048 | |
|---|
| 3049 | surf_s = bc_h(0)%start_index(j,i) |
|---|
| 3050 | surf_e = bc_h(0)%end_index(j,i) |
|---|
| 3051 | DO m = surf_s, surf_e |
|---|
| 3052 | k = bc_h(0)%k(m) |
|---|
| 3053 | precipitation_amount(j,i) = precipitation_amount(j,i) + & |
|---|
| 3054 | prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) * dt_3d |
|---|
| 3055 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 3056 | |
|---|
| 3057 | ENDIF |
|---|
| 3058 | |
|---|
| 3059 | END SUBROUTINE calc_precipitation_amount_ij |
|---|
| 3060 | |
|---|
| 3061 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 3062 | ! Description: |
|---|
| 3063 | ! ------------ |
|---|
| 3064 | !> This function computes the gamma function (Press et al., 1992). |
|---|
| 3065 | !> The gamma function is needed for the calculation of the evaporation |
|---|
| 3066 | !> of rain drops. |
|---|
| 3067 | !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! |
|---|
| 3068 | FUNCTION gamm( xx ) |
|---|
| 3069 | |
|---|
| 3070 | USE kinds |
|---|
| 3071 | |
|---|
| 3072 | IMPLICIT NONE |
|---|
| 3073 | |
|---|
| 3074 | INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< |
|---|
| 3075 | |
|---|
| 3076 | REAL(wp) :: gamm !< |
|---|
| 3077 | REAL(wp) :: ser !< |
|---|
| 3078 | REAL(wp) :: tmp !< |
|---|
| 3079 | REAL(wp) :: x_gamm !< |
|---|
| 3080 | REAL(wp) :: xx !< |
|---|
| 3081 | REAL(wp) :: y_gamm !< |
|---|
| 3082 | |
|---|
| 3083 | |
|---|
| 3084 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: stp = 2.5066282746310005_wp !< |
|---|
| 3085 | REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: cof(6) = (/ 76.18009172947146_wp, & |
|---|
| 3086 | -86.50532032941677_wp, & |
|---|
| 3087 | 24.01409824083091_wp, & |
|---|
| 3088 | -1.231739572450155_wp, & |
|---|
| 3089 | 0.1208650973866179E-2_wp, & |
|---|
| 3090 | -0.5395239384953E-5_wp /) !< |
|---|
| 3091 | |
|---|
| 3092 | x_gamm = xx |
|---|
| 3093 | y_gamm = x_gamm |
|---|
| 3094 | tmp = x_gamm + 5.5_wp |
|---|
| 3095 | tmp = ( x_gamm + 0.5_wp ) * LOG( tmp ) - tmp |
|---|
| 3096 | ser = 1.000000000190015_wp |
|---|
| 3097 | |
|---|
| 3098 | DO j = 1, 6 |
|---|
| 3099 | y_gamm = y_gamm + 1.0_wp |
|---|
| 3100 | ser = ser + cof( j ) / y_gamm |
|---|
| 3101 | ENDDO |
|---|
| 3102 | |
|---|
| 3103 | ! |
|---|
| 3104 | !-- Until this point the algorithm computes the logarithm of the gamma |
|---|
| 3105 | !-- function. Hence, the exponential function is used. |
|---|
| 3106 | ! gamm = EXP( tmp + LOG( stp * ser / x_gamm ) ) |
|---|
| 3107 | gamm = EXP( tmp ) * stp * ser / x_gamm |
|---|
| 3108 | |
|---|
| 3109 | RETURN |
|---|
| 3110 | |
|---|
| 3111 | END FUNCTION gamm |
|---|
| 3112 | |
|---|
| 3113 | END MODULE microphysics_mod |
|---|
