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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2918

Last change on this file since 2918 was 2801, checked in by thiele, 6 years ago
Introduce particle transfer in nested models
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1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z gronemeier $
27	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
28	!
29	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
30	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
31	!
32	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
33	! Changes from last commit documented
34	!
35	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
36	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
37	!
38	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
39	! Change in file header (GPL part)
40	!
41	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
42	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
43	!
44	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
45	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
46	!
47	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
48	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
49	! with scalar grid point of same index.
50	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
51	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
52	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
53	!
54	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
55	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
56	!
57	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
58	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
59	!
60	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
61	! Get topography top index via Function call
62	!
63	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
64	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
65	!
66	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
67	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
68	!
69	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
70	! Changed error messages
71	!
72	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
73	! Unused variables removed.
74	!
75	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
76	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
77	!
78	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
79	!
80	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
81	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
82	!
83	!
84	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
85	! Add check for particle release at model top
86	!
87	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
88	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
89	!
90	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
91	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
92	! Calculation of particle ID
93	!
94	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
95	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
96	!
97	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
98	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
99	! seed_follows_topography.
100	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
101	! than one grid length.
102	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
103	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
104	!
105	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
106	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
107	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
108	! initialization.
109	!
110	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
111	! Module renamed (removed _mod
112	!
113	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
114	! Initialization of aerosols added.
115	!
116	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
117	! Module renamed
118	!
119	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
120	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
121	!
122	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
123	! Unused variables removed.
124	!
125	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
126	! netcdf module added
127	!
128	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
129	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
130	! used.
131	!
132	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
133	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
134	!
135	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
136	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
137	!
138	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
139	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
140	!
141	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
142	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
143	!
144	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
145	! New particle structure integrated.
146	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
147	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
148	!
149	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
150	! -netcdf_output
151	!
152	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
153	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
154	!
155	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
156	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
157	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
158	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
159	! revision history before 2012 removed,
160	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
161	! all variable declaration statements
162	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
163	!
164	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
165	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
166	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
167	!
168	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
169	! unused variables removed
170	!
171	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
172	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
173	!
174	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
175	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
176	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
177	! advec_particles),
178	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
179	!
180	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
181	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
182	!
183	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
184	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
185	! array particles implemented as pointer
186	!
187	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
188	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
189	! of arrays.
190	!
191	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
192	! Initial revision
193	!
194	!
195	! Description:
196	! ------------
197	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
198	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
199	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
200	MODULE lpm_init_mod
201
202	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
203
204	USE arrays_3d, &
205	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
206
207	USE control_parameters, &
208	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
209	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
210	simulated_time
211
212	USE grid_variables, &
213	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
214
215	USE indices, &
216	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
217	nzt, wall_flags_0
218
219	USE kinds
220
221	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
222	ONLY: init_kernels
223
224	USE netcdf_interface, &
225	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
226
227	USE particle_attributes, &
228	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
229	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
230	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
231	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
232	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
233	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
234	number_concentration, &
235	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
236	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
237	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
238	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
239	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
240	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
241	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
242	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
243	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
244	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
245	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
246
247	USE pegrid
248
249	USE random_function_mod, &
250	ONLY: random_function
251
252	USE surface_mod, &
253	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
254
255	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
256	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
257
258	IMPLICIT NONE
259
260	PRIVATE
261
262	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
263	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
264
265	INTERFACE lpm_init
266	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
267	END INTERFACE lpm_init
268
269	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
270	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
271	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
272
273	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
274
275	CONTAINS
276
277	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
278	! Description:
279	! ------------
280	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
281	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
282	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
283
284	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
285	ONLY: init_kernels
286
287	IMPLICIT NONE
288
289	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
290	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
291	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
292
293	REAL(wp) :: div !<
294	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
295	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
296	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
297	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
298
299
300	!
301	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
302	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
303	IF ( ocean ) THEN
304	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
305	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
306	ENDIF
307
308	!
309	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
310	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
311	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
312	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
313	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
314	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
315	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
316	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
317	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
318	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
319	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
320	!
321	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
322	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
323	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
324	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
325	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
326	max_number_of_particle_groups
327	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
328	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
329	ENDIF
330	!
331	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
332	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
333	!-- propably (not realized so far).
334	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
335	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
336	'with particles'
337	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
338
339	ENDIF
340
341	!
342	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
343	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
344	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
345	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
346	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
347	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
348	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
349
350	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
351	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
352	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
353
354	!
355	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
356	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
357	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
358	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
359	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
360	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
361	!
362	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
363	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
364	div = 1000.0_wp
365	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
366	div = div / 10.0_wp
367	ENDDO
368	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
369	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
370	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
371
372	ENDIF
373
374	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
375	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
376	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
377	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
378	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
379	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
380	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
381	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
382	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
383	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
384	ENDDO
385
386	!
387	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
388	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
389	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
390	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
391	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
392	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
393
394	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
395	ENDIF
396
397	!
398	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
399	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
400	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
401	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
402	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
403	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
404	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
405	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
406
407	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
408	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
409
410	!
411	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
412	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
413	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
414	!-- negligible.
415	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
416	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
417	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
418
419	#if defined( __parallel )
420	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
421	comm2d, ierr )
422	#else
423	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
424	#endif
425
426	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
427	!
428	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
429	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
430	!
431	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
432	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
433	!
434	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
435	height_p = z0_av_global
436	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
437
438	height_p = height_p + height_int
439	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
440
441	ENDDO
442
443	ENDIF
444
445	!
446	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
447	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
448
449	CASE ( 'absorb' )
450	ibc_par_b = 1
451
452	CASE ( 'reflect' )
453	ibc_par_b = 2
454
455	CASE DEFAULT
456	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
457	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
458	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
459
460	END SELECT
461	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
462
463	CASE ( 'absorb' )
464	ibc_par_t = 1
465
466	CASE ( 'reflect' )
467	ibc_par_t = 2
468
469	CASE ( 'nested' )
470	ibc_par_t = 3
471
472	CASE DEFAULT
473	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
474	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
475	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
476
477	END SELECT
478	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
479
480	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
481	ibc_par_lr = 0
482
483	CASE ( 'absorb' )
484	ibc_par_lr = 1
485
486	CASE ( 'reflect' )
487	ibc_par_lr = 2
488
489	CASE ( 'nested' )
490	ibc_par_lr = 3
491
492	CASE DEFAULT
493	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
494	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
495	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
496
497	END SELECT
498	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
499
500	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
501	ibc_par_ns = 0
502
503	CASE ( 'absorb' )
504	ibc_par_ns = 1
505
506	CASE ( 'reflect' )
507	ibc_par_ns = 2
508
509	CASE ( 'nested' )
510	ibc_par_ns = 3
511
512	CASE DEFAULT
513	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
514	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
515	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
516
517	END SELECT
518	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
519
520	CASE ( 'const' )
521	i_splitting_mode = 1
522
523	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
524	i_splitting_mode = 2
525
526	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
527	i_splitting_mode = 3
528
529	CASE DEFAULT
530	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
531	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
532	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
533
534	END SELECT
535	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
536
537	CASE ( 'gamma' )
538	isf = 1
539
540	CASE ( 'log' )
541	isf = 2
542
543	CASE ( 'exp' )
544	isf = 3
545
546	CASE DEFAULT
547	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
548	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
549	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
550
551	END SELECT
552
553
554	!
555	!-- Initialize collision kernels
556	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
557
558	!
559	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
560	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
561	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
562	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
563
564	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
565
566	ELSE
567
568	!
569	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
570	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
571	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
572	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
573
574	number_of_particles = 0
575
576	sort_count = 0
577	prt_count = 0
578
579	!
580	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
581	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
582
583	!
584	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
585	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
586	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
587	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
588	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
589	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
590	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
591	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
592
593	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
594
595	!
596	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
597	!-- groups, if necessary
598	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
599	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
600	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
601	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
602	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
603	ENDIF
604	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
605	ENDDO
606
607	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
608	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
609	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
610	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
611	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
612	ENDIF
613	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
614	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
615	ENDDO
616
617	!
618	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
619	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
620	!-- different on the different PEs.
621	iran_part = iran_part + myid
622
623	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
624	!
625	!-- User modification of initial particles
626	CALL user_lpm_init
627
628	!
629	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
630	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
631	CALL check_open( 80 )
632	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
633	number_of_particles
634	CALL close_file( 80 )
635	ENDIF
636
637	ENDIF
638
639	CALL pmcp_g_init
640
641	!
642	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
643	!-- first grid cell
644	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
645	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
646	!
647	!-- Formats
648	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
649
650	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
651
652	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
653	! Description:
654	! ------------
655	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
656	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
657	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
658
659	USE arrays_3d, &
660	ONLY: zw
661	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
662	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
663
664	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
665	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
666
667	USE particle_attributes, &
668	ONLY: deleted_particles
669
670	IMPLICIT NONE
671
672	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
673	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
674	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
675	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
676	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
677	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
678	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
679	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
680	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
681	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
682	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
683
684	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
685
686	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
687	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
688
689	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
690
691	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
692	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
693	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
694	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
695
696	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
697
698	!
699	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
700	!-- particle is situated on this PE
701	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
702	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
703	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
704	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
705	ELSE
706	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
707	ENDIF
708
709	!
710	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
711	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
712	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
713	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
714	END IF
715
716	n = 0
717	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
718
719	pos_z = psb(i)
720
721	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
722
723	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
724
725
726	pos_y = pss(i)
727
728	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
729
730	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
731	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
732
733	pos_x = psl(i)
734
735	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
736
737	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
738	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
739
740	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
741
742
743	n = n + 1
744	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
745	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
746	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
747	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
748	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
749	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
750	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
751	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
752	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
753	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
754	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
755	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
756	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
757	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
758	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
759	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
760	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
761	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
762	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
763	ELSE
764	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
765	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
766	ENDIF
767	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
768	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
769	tmp_particle%class = 1
770	tmp_particle%group = i
771	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
772	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
773	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
774	!
775	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
776	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
777	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
778	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
779	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
780	kp = kp + 1
781	ENDDO
782	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
783	kp = kp - 1
784	ENDDO
785	!
786	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
787	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
788	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
789
790	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
791	!
792	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
793	kp = kp + k_surf
794	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
795	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
796	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
797	!-- of overhanging structures.
798	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
799	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
800	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
801	CYCLE xloop
802	ENDIF
803	!
804	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
805	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
806	!-- of overhanging structures.
807	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
808	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
809	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
810	THEN
811	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
812	CYCLE xloop
813	ENDIF
814
815	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
816
817	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
818	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
819	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
820	ENDIF
821	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
822	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
823	ENDIF
824	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
825
826	ENDIF
827	ENDDO
828
829	ENDIF
830
831	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
832
833	ENDDO xloop
834
835	ENDIF
836
837	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
838
839	ENDDO
840
841	ENDIF
842
843	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
844
845	ENDDO
846
847	ENDDO
848
849	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
850	DO ip = nxl, nxr
851	DO jp = nys, nyn
852	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
853	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
854	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
855	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
856	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
857	min_nr_particle )
858	ELSE
859	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
860	ENDIF
861	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
862	DO n = 1, alloc_size
863	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
864	ENDDO
865	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
866	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
867	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
868	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
869	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
870	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
871	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
872	ENDIF
873	ENDIF
874	ENDIF
875	ENDDO
876	ENDDO
877	ENDDO
878	ENDIF
879
880	ENDDO
881
882
883
884	local_start = prt_count+1
885	prt_count = local_count
886
887	!
888	!-- Calculate particle IDs
889	DO ip = nxl, nxr
890	DO jp = nys, nyn
891	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
892	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
893	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
894	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
895
896	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
897
898	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
899	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
900	!
901	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
902	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
903	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
904
905	ENDDO
906
907	ENDDO
908	ENDDO
909	ENDDO
910
911	!
912	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
913	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
914	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
915	ENDIF
916
917	!
918	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
919	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
920	DO ip = nxl, nxr
921	DO jp = nys, nyn
922	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
923	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
924	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
925	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
926	!
927	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
928	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
929	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
930	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
931	!-- respectively.
932	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
933	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
934	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
935	pdx(particles(n)%group)
936	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
937	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
938	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
939	)
940	ENDIF
941	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
942	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
943	pdy(particles(n)%group)
944	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
945	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
946	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
947	)
948	ENDIF
949	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
950	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
951	pdz(particles(n)%group)
952	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
953	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
954	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
955	)
956	ENDIF
957	ENDDO
958	!
959	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
960	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
961	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
962	!
963	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
964	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
965	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
966	particles => &
967	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
968	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
969	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
970	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
971	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
972	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
973	k = k + 1
974	ENDDO
975	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
976	k = k - 1
977	ENDDO
978	!
979	!-- Check if particle is within topography
980	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
981	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
982	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
983	ENDIF
984
985	ENDDO
986	ENDDO
987	ENDDO
988	ENDDO
989	!
990	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
991	CALL lpm_move_particle
992	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
993
994	ENDIF
995	!
996	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
997	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
998	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
999	!-- position.
1000	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
1001
1002	!
1003	!-- Determine the current number of particles
1004	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1005	DO jp = nys, nyn
1006	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1007	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
1008	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1009	ENDDO
1010	ENDDO
1011	ENDDO
1012	!
1013	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
1014	#if defined( __parallel )
1015	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1016	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
1017	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1018	#else
1019	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
1020	#endif
1021
1022	RETURN
1023
1024	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
1025
1026	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
1027
1028	USE arrays_3d, &
1029	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
1030
1031	USE cloud_parameters, &
1032	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
1033	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
1034
1035	USE constants, &
1036	ONLY: pi
1037
1038	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
1039	ONLY: magnus
1040
1041
1042	USE kinds
1043
1044	USE particle_attributes, &
1045	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
1046
1047	IMPLICIT NONE
1048
1049	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
1050	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
1051	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
1052	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
1053	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
1054	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
1055	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
1056	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
1057	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
1058	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
1059	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
1060	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
1061
1062	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
1063
1064	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
1065	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
1066	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
1067	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
1068
1069	!
1070	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
1071	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
1072	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
1073	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
1074	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
1075	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
1076	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
1077	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
1078	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
1079	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
1080	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
1081	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
1082	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
1083	ELSE
1084	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
1085	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
1086	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1087	ENDIF
1088	!
1089	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
1090	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
1091	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
1092	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
1093	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1094	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
1095	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
1096	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
1097	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
1098	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
1099	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
1100	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
1101	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
1102	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
1103	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
1104	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1105	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
1106	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
1107	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
1108	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
1109	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
1110	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
1111	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
1112	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
1113	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
1114	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
1115	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
1116	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
1117	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
1118	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
1119	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
1120	CONTINUE
1121	ELSE
1122	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
1123	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
1124	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1125	ENDIF
1126
1127	DO ip = nxl, nxr
1128	DO jp = nys, nyn
1129	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
1130
1131	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
1132	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
1133	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
1134
1135	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
1136	!
1137	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
1138	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
1139	!-- weighting factor
1140	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1141
1142	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
1143	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
1144	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
1145
1146	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
1147	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
1148	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
1149	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
1150	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
1151	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
1152	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
1153	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
1154	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
1155
1156	!
1157	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
1158	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
1159	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
1160
1161	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
1162	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
1163	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
1164	ELSE
1165	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
1166	ENDIF
1167	!
1168	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
1169	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
1170
1171	ENDDO
1172	!
1173	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
1174	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
1175	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
1176	!-- the simulation.
1177	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1178
1179	e_s = magnus( t_int )
1180	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
1181
1182	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
1183	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
1184
1185	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
1186	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
1187	!
1188	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
1189	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
1190	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
1191
1192	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
1193	!
1194	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
1195	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
1196	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1197	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
1198	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
1199	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
1200	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
1201	)
1202
1203	ENDDO
1204
1205	ENDDO
1206	ENDDO
1207	ENDDO
1208
1209	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
1210
1211	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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