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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 3049

Last change on this file since 3049 was 3049, checked in by Giersch, 6 years ago
Revision history corrected
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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
[3049]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 3049 2018-05-29 13:52:36Z Giersch $
[3049]	27	! Error messages revised
	28	!
	29	! 3045 2018-05-28 07:55:41Z Giersch
[3045]	30	! Error message revised
	31	!
	32	! 3039 2018-05-24 13:13:11Z schwenkel
[3039]	33	! bugfix for lcm with grid stretching
	34	!
	35	! 2967 2018-04-13 11:22:08Z raasch
[2967]	36	! nesting routine is only called if nesting is switched on
	37	!
	38	! 2954 2018-04-09 14:35:46Z schwenkel
[2954]	39	! Bugfix for particle initialization in case of ocean
	40	!
	41	! 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele
[2801]	42	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
	43	!
	44	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	45	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[2701]	46	!
[2716]	47	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	48	! Changes from last commit documented
	49	!
[2701]	50	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2716]	51	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
	52	!
	53	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	54	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	55	!
	56	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
[2628]	57	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
	58	!
	59	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
[2608]	60	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
	61	!
	62	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
[2606]	63	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
	64	! with scalar grid point of same index.
	65	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
	66	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
	67	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
	68	!
	69	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
[2375]	70	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
	71	!
	72	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
[2346]	73	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	74	!
	75	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	76	! Get topography top index via Function call
	77	!
	78	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	79	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	80	!
	81	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	82	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	83	!
[2305]	84	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	85	! Changed error messages
[2312]	86	!
[2274]	87	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	88	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	89	!
[2265]	90	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	91	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	92	!
[2263]	93	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	94	!
[2233]	95	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	96	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	97	!
	98	!
[2224]	99	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	100	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	101	!
[2183]	102	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	103	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	104	!
[2123]	105	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	106	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	107	! Calculation of particle ID
	108	!
[2001]	109	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	110	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	111	!
[1930]	112	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	113	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	114	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	115	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	116	! than one grid length.
	117	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	118	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	119	!
[1891]	120	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	121	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	122	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	123	! initialization.
	124	!
[1874]	125	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	126	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	127	!
[1872]	128	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	129	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	130	!
[1851]	131	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	132	! Module renamed
	133	!
[1832]	134	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	135	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	136	!
[1823]	137	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	138	! Unused variables removed.
	139	!
[1784]	140	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	141	! netcdf module added
	142	!
[2312]	143	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	144	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	145	! used.
	146	!
[1692]	147	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	148	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	149	!
[1686]	150	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	151	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	152	!
[1683]	153	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	154	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	155	!
[1576]	156	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	157	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	158	!
[1360]	159	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	160	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	161	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	162	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	163	!
[1329]	164	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	165	! -netcdf_output
	166	!
[1323]	167	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	168	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	169	!
[1321]	170	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	171	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	172	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	173	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	174	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	175	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	176	! all variable declaration statements
	177	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	178	!
[1315]	179	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	180	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	181	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	182	!
[1093]	183	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	184	! unused variables removed
	185	!
[1037]	186	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	187	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	188	!
[850]	189	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	190	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	191	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	192	! advec_particles),
	193	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	194	!
[829]	195	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	196	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	197	!
[826]	198	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	199	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	200	! array particles implemented as pointer
	201	!
[668]	202	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	203	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	204	! of arrays.
	205	!
[1]	206	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	207	! Initial revision
	208	!
	209	!
	210	! Description:
	211	! ------------
[1682]	212	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	213	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	214	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	215	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	216
[2305]	217	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	218
[1320]	219	USE arrays_3d, &
[3039]	220	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, dzw, zu, zw
[1320]	221
	222	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	223	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	224	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	225	simulated_time
[1320]	226
	227	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	228	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	229
	230	USE indices, &
[1575]	231	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	232	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	233
	234	USE kinds
	235
	236	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	237	ONLY: init_kernels
	238
[1783]	239	USE netcdf_interface, &
	240	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	241
[1320]	242	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	243	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	244	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	245	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	246	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	247	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	248	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	249	number_concentration, &
[2265]	250	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	251	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	252	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	253	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	254	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	255	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	256	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	257	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	258	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	259	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	260	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	261
[1]	262	USE pegrid
	263
[1320]	264	USE random_function_mod, &
	265	ONLY: random_function
[1]	266
[2232]	267	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	268	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	269
[2801]	270	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
	271	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
	272
[1359]	273	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	274
[1359]	275	PRIVATE
	276
[1682]	277	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	278	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	279
	280	INTERFACE lpm_init
	281	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	282	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	283
	284	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	285	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	286	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	287
	288	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	289
[1929]	290	CONTAINS
[1359]	291
[1682]	292	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	293	! Description:
	294	! ------------
	295	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	296	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	297	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	298
	299	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	300	ONLY: init_kernels
	301
[2967]	302	USE pmc_interface, &
	303	ONLY: nested_run
	304
[1]	305	IMPLICIT NONE
	306
[1682]	307	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	308	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	309	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	310
[2312]	311	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	312	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	313	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	314	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	315	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	316
[1359]	317
[1]	318	!
[150]	319	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	320	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	321	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	322	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	323	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	324	ENDIF
	325
[1359]	326	!
	327	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[2606]	328	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
	329	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
	330	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
	331	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	332	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	333	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	334	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	335	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	336	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	337	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
[150]	338	!
[1]	339	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	340	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[3045]	341	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	342	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[3046]	343	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
[254]	344	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	345	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	346	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	347	ENDIF
[2232]	348	!
	349	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	350	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	351	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	352	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[3045]	353	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
[2312]	354	'with particles'
[2232]	355	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	356
[2312]	357	ENDIF
[2232]	358
[1]	359	!
	360	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[2606]	361	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
	362	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
	363	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
	364	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
[1359]	365	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	366	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	367
[1359]	368	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	369	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	370	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	371
[2182]	372	!
	373	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	374	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	375	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	376	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	377	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	378	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	379	!
[2312]	380	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	381	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	382	div = 1000.0_wp
	383	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	384	div = div / 10.0_wp
	385	ENDDO
	386	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	387	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	388	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	389
	390	ENDIF
	391
[1]	392	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	393	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	394	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	395	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	396	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	397	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	398	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	399	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	400	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	401	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	402	ENDDO
	403
	404	!
[2312]	405	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	406	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	407	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	408	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	409	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	410	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	411
[2312]	412	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	413	ENDIF
	414
	415	!
[2312]	416	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	417	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	418	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	419	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	420	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	421	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	422	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	423	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	424
	425	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	426	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	427
	428	!
	429	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	430	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	431	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	432	!-- negligible.
[2232]	433	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	434	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	435	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	436
[1320]	437	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	438	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	439	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	440	#else
	441	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	442	#endif
[1314]	443
	444	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	445	!
	446	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	447	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	448	!
	449	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	450	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	451	!
	452	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	453	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	454	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	455
	456	height_p = height_p + height_int
	457	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	458
	459	ENDDO
	460
	461	ENDIF
	462
	463	!
[1359]	464	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	465	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	466
[1359]	467	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	468	ibc_par_b = 1
	469
	470	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	471	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	472
[1359]	473	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	474	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
[1359]	475	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	476	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	477
[1359]	478	END SELECT
	479	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	480
[1359]	481	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	482	ibc_par_t = 1
	483
	484	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	485	ibc_par_t = 2
[2801]	486
	487	CASE ( 'nested' )
	488	ibc_par_t = 3
[2312]	489
[1359]	490	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	491	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
[1359]	492	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	493	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	494
[1359]	495	END SELECT
	496	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	497
	498	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	499	ibc_par_lr = 0
	500
	501	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	502	ibc_par_lr = 1
	503
	504	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	505	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2801]	506
	507	CASE ( 'nested' )
	508	ibc_par_lr = 3
[2312]	509
[1359]	510	CASE DEFAULT
	511	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	512	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	513	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	514
[1359]	515	END SELECT
	516	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	517
	518	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	519	ibc_par_ns = 0
	520
	521	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	522	ibc_par_ns = 1
	523
	524	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	525	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2801]	526
	527	CASE ( 'nested' )
	528	ibc_par_ns = 3
[2312]	529
[1359]	530	CASE DEFAULT
	531	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	532	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	533	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	534
[1359]	535	END SELECT
[2263]	536	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	537
[2263]	538	CASE ( 'const' )
	539	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	540
[2263]	541	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	542	i_splitting_mode = 2
	543
	544	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	545	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	546
[2263]	547	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	548	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting_mode = "', &
	549	TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
[2263]	550	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	551
[2263]	552	END SELECT
	553	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	554
[2263]	555	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	556	isf = 1
	557
	558	CASE ( 'log' )
	559	isf = 2
	560
	561	CASE ( 'exp' )
	562	isf = 3
[2312]	563
[2263]	564	CASE DEFAULT
[3045]	565	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function = "', &
	566	TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
[2263]	567	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	568
[2263]	569	END SELECT
	570
[2312]	571
[1359]	572	!
[828]	573	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	574	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	575
	576	!
[1]	577	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	578	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	579	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	580	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	581
[849]	582	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	583
	584	ELSE
	585
	586	!
	587	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	588	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	589	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	590	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	591
[1359]	592	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	593
	594	sort_count = 0
[1359]	595	prt_count = 0
[792]	596
[1]	597	!
[2312]	598	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	599	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	600
	601	!
[1]	602	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	603	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	604	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	605	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	606	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	607	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	608	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	609	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	610
[1359]	611	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	612
	613	!
	614	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	615	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	616	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	617	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	618	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	619	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	620	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	621	ENDIF
[1359]	622	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	623	ENDDO
	624
	625	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	626	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[3045]	627	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, ' has a', &
[254]	628	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	629	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	630	ENDIF
	631	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	632	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	633	ENDDO
	634
	635	!
[1359]	636	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	637	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	638	!-- different on the different PEs.
	639	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	640
[1725]	641	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	642	!
	643	!-- User modification of initial particles
	644	CALL user_lpm_init
	645
	646	!
	647	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	648	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	649	CALL check_open( 80 )
	650	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	651	number_of_particles
[1359]	652	CALL close_file( 80 )
	653	ENDIF
	654
	655	ENDIF
	656
[2967]	657	IF ( nested_run ) CALL pmcp_g_init
[2801]	658
[1359]	659	!
[2312]	660	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	661	!-- first grid cell
	662	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	663	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	664	!
	665	!-- Formats
	666	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	667
	668	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	669
[1682]	670	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	671	! Description:
	672	! ------------
	673	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	674	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	675	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
[2628]	676
	677	USE arrays_3d, &
	678	ONLY: zw
[1359]	679	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	680	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	681
[2628]	682	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
[2606]	683	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1359]	684
[1871]	685	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	686	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	687
[1359]	688	IMPLICIT NONE
	689
[1929]	690	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	691	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	692	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	693	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	694	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	695	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	696	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	697	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	698	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	699	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	700	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	701
[1929]	702	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	703
[1929]	704	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	705	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	706
[1929]	707	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	708
[2312]	709	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	710	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	711	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	712	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	713
[1929]	714	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	715
	716	!
	717	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	718	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	719	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	720	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	721	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	722	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	723	ELSE
	724	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	725	ENDIF
	726
[2182]	727	!
	728	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	729	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	730	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	731	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	732	END IF
	733
[1]	734	n = 0
	735	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	736
	737	pos_z = psb(i)
	738
	739	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	740
[2954]	741	IF ( pos_z >= zw(0) .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	742
	743
[2223]	744	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	745
[2223]	746	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	747
[2606]	748	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
	749	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	750
[2223]	751	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	752
[2223]	753	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	754
[2606]	755	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
	756	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
[2223]	757
	758	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	759
[2305]	760
[2223]	761	n = n + 1
	762	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	763	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	764	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	765	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	766	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	767	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	768	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	769	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	770	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	771	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	772	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	773	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	774	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	775	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	776	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	777	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	778	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	779	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	780	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	781	ELSE
	782	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	783	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	784	ENDIF
[2223]	785	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	786	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	787	tmp_particle%class = 1
	788	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	789	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	790	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	791	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	792	!
[2223]	793	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2606]	794	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
	795	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
[2628]	796	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	797	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
	798	kp = kp + 1
	799	ENDDO
	800	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
	801	kp = kp - 1
	802	ENDDO
[2232]	803	!
	804	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	805	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2698]	806	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	807
[2223]	808	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	809	!
[2223]	810	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	811	kp = kp + k_surf
	812	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	813	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	814	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	815	!-- of overhanging structures.
	816	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	817	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	818	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	819	CYCLE xloop
	820	ENDIF
[2232]	821	!
[2312]	822	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	823	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	824	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	825	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	826	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	827	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	828	THEN
[1575]	829	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	830	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	831	ENDIF
	832
[2223]	833	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	834
[2223]	835	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	836	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	837	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	838	ENDIF
	839	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	840	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	841	ENDIF
	842	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	843
[1359]	844	ENDIF
[2223]	845	ENDDO
[1929]	846
[2223]	847	ENDIF
[1]	848
[2223]	849	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	850
[2223]	851	ENDDO xloop
[1]	852
[2223]	853	ENDIF
[1]	854
[2223]	855	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	856
[2223]	857	ENDDO
[1]	858
[2223]	859	ENDIF
[1]	860
	861	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	862
	863	ENDDO
	864
	865	ENDDO
	866
[1359]	867	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	868	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	869	DO jp = nys, nyn
	870	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	871	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	872	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	873	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	874	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	875	min_nr_particle )
	876	ELSE
	877	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	878	ENDIF
	879	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	880	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	881	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	882	ENDDO
	883	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	884	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	885	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	886	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	887	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	888	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	889	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	890	ENDIF
	891	ENDIF
	892	ENDIF
	893	ENDDO
	894	ENDDO
	895	ENDDO
	896	ENDIF
[1929]	897
[1359]	898	ENDDO
[1]	899
[2182]	900
	901
[1359]	902	local_start = prt_count+1
	903	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	904
[1]	905	!
[2122]	906	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	907	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	908	DO jp = nys, nyn
	909	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	910	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	911	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	912	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	913
[2312]	914	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	915
[2305]	916	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	917	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	918	!
	919	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	920	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	921	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	922
	923	ENDDO
	924
	925	ENDDO
	926	ENDDO
	927	ENDDO
	928
	929	!
[1871]	930	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	931	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	932	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	933	ENDIF
	934
	935	!
[1929]	936	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	937	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	938	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	939	DO jp = nys, nyn
	940	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	941	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	942	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	943	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	944	!
[2312]	945	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	946	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	947	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	948	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	949	!-- respectively.
[1929]	950	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	951	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	952	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	953	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	954	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	955	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	956	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	957	)
[1359]	958	ENDIF
	959	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	960	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	961	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	962	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	963	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	964	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	965	)
[1359]	966	ENDIF
	967	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	968	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	969	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	970	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	971	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	972	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
[2312]	973	)
[1359]	974	ENDIF
	975	ENDDO
[1]	976	!
[1929]	977	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	978	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[2698]	979	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
[1929]	980	!
	981	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	982	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	983	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	984	particles => &
	985	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	986	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[2606]	987	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
	988	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
[2628]	989	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	990	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
	991	k = k + 1
	992	ENDDO
	993	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
	994	k = k - 1
	995	ENDDO
[2232]	996	!
	997	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	998	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	999	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	1000	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	1001	ENDIF
[2232]	1002
[1929]	1003	ENDDO
[1359]	1004	ENDDO
	1005	ENDDO
	1006	ENDDO
[1]	1007	!
[1359]	1008	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	1009	CALL lpm_move_particle
	1010	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	1011
[1359]	1012	ENDIF
[1]	1013	!
[2312]	1014	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	1015	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	1016	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	1017	!-- position.
[2606]	1018	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1]	1019
	1020	!
[2265]	1021	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	1022	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1023	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1024	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1025	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	1026	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	1027	ENDDO
[1359]	1028	ENDDO
	1029	ENDDO
[1]	1030	!
[1822]	1031	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	1032	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	1033	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	1034	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	1035	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	1036	#else
[1359]	1037	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	1038	#endif
	1039
[1359]	1040	RETURN
[1]	1041
[1359]	1042	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	1043
[1871]	1044	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	1045
	1046	USE arrays_3d, &
[2312]	1047	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
[1871]	1048
	1049	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2375]	1050	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	1051	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
[1871]	1052
	1053	USE constants, &
	1054	ONLY: pi
	1055
[2608]	1056	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
	1057	ONLY: magnus
	1058
	1059
[1871]	1060	USE kinds
	1061
	1062	USE particle_attributes, &
[2375]	1063	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
[1871]	1064
	1065	IMPLICIT NONE
	1066
[2122]	1067	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	1068	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	1069	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	1070	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1071	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	1072	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1073	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1074	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	1075	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	1076	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	1077	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1078	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1079
[1890]	1080	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1081
	1082	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1083	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1084	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1085	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1086
	1087	!
[2375]	1088	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
	1089	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
	1090	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
	1091	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
	1092	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
	1093	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
	1094	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
	1095	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
	1096	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
	1097	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
	1098	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
	1099	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
	1100	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
	1101	ELSE
	1102	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
	1103	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
	1104	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1105	ENDIF
	1106	!
[2312]	1107	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1108	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1109	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1110	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1111	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1112	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1113	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1114	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1115	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1116	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1117	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1118	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1119	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1120	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1121	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1122	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1123	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1124	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1125	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1126	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1127	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1128	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1129	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1130	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1131	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1132	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1133	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1134	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1135	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1136	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1137	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1138	CONTINUE
	1139	ELSE
	1140	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1141	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1142	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1143	ENDIF
	1144
	1145	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1146	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1147	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1148
	1149	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1150	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1151	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1152
	1153	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1154	!
	1155	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1156	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1157	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1158	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1159
[2312]	1160	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1161	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1162	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1163
[2312]	1164	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1165	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1166	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1167	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1168	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1169	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1170	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1171	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
[3039]	1172	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dzw(kp) )
[1871]	1173
[2312]	1174	!
	1175	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1176	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1177	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1178
[2312]	1179	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1180	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1181	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1182	ELSE
	1183	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1184	ENDIF
	1185	!
[2312]	1186	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1187	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1188
[2312]	1189	ENDDO
[1871]	1190	!
	1191	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1192	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1193	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1194	!-- the simulation.
	1195	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1196
[2608]	1197	e_s = magnus( t_int )
	1198	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
[1871]	1199
[2122]	1200	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1201	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1202
	1203	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1204	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1205	!
[2312]	1206	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1207	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1208	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1209
[2312]	1210	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1211	!
[2312]	1212	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1213	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1214	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1215	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1216	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1217	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1218	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1219	)
[1871]	1220
[2122]	1221	ENDDO
[1871]	1222
	1223	ENDDO
	1224	ENDDO
	1225	ENDDO
	1226
	1227	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1228
[1359]	1229	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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