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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 2801

Last change on this file since 2801 was 2801, checked in by thiele, 6 years ago
Introduce particle transfer in nested models
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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[2000]	2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[2696]	3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
[1036]	4	!
[2000]	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
	7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
	8	! version.
[1036]	9	!
	10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	13	!
	14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	16	!
[2718]	17	! Copyright 1997-2018 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[2000]	18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1036]	19	!
[254]	20	! Current revisions:
[1]	21	! -----------------
[2318]	22	!
[2701]	23	!
[1930]	24	! Former revisions:
	25	! -----------------
	26	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 2801 2018-02-14 16:01:55Z thiele $
[2801]	27	! Introduce particle transfer in nested models.
	28	!
	29	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
[2716]	30	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
[2701]	31	!
[2716]	32	! 2701 2017-12-15 15:40:50Z suehring
	33	! Changes from last commit documented
	34	!
[2701]	35	! 2698 2017-12-14 18:46:24Z suehring
[2716]	36	! Grid indices passed to lpm_boundary_conds. (responsible Philipp Thiele)
	37	!
	38	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
	39	! Change in file header (GPL part)
	40	!
	41	! 2628 2017-11-20 12:40:38Z schwenkel
[2628]	42	! Enabled particle advection with grid stretching.
	43	!
	44	! 2608 2017-11-13 14:04:26Z schwenkel
[2608]	45	! Calculation of magnus equation in external module (diagnostic_quantities_mod).
	46	!
	47	! 2606 2017-11-10 10:36:31Z schwenkel
[2606]	48	! Changed particle box locations: center of particle box now coincides
	49	! with scalar grid point of same index.
	50	! Renamed module and subroutines: lpm_pack_arrays_mod -> lpm_pack_and_sort_mod
	51	! lpm_pack_all_arrays -> lpm_sort_in_subboxes, lpm_pack_arrays -> lpm_pack
	52	! lpm_sort -> lpm_sort_timeloop_done
	53	!
	54	! 2375 2017-08-29 14:10:28Z schwenkel
[2375]	55	! Initialization of chemical aerosol composition
	56	!
	57	! 2346 2017-08-09 16:39:17Z suehring
[2346]	58	! Bugfix, correct determination of topography top index
	59	!
	60	! 2318 2017-07-20 17:27:44Z suehring
[2318]	61	! Get topography top index via Function call
	62	!
	63	! 2317 2017-07-20 17:27:19Z suehring
[2312]	64	! Extended particle data type. Aerosol initialization improved.
	65	!
	66	! 2305 2017-07-06 11:18:47Z hoffmann
[2305]	67	! Improved calculation of particle IDs.
[2312]	68	!
[2305]	69	! 2274 2017-06-09 13:27:48Z Giersch
[2274]	70	! Changed error messages
[2312]	71	!
[2274]	72	! 2265 2017-06-08 16:58:28Z schwenkel
[2265]	73	! Unused variables removed.
[2312]	74	!
[2265]	75	! 2263 2017-06-08 14:59:01Z schwenkel
[2263]	76	! Implemented splitting and merging algorithm
[2312]	77	!
[2263]	78	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
[1930]	79	!
[2233]	80	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
	81	! Adjustments according to new topography realization
[2312]	82	!
	83	!
[2224]	84	! 2223 2017-05-15 16:38:09Z suehring
	85	! Add check for particle release at model top
[2312]	86	!
[2183]	87	! 2182 2017-03-17 14:27:40Z schwenkel
	88	! Added parameters for simplified particle initialization.
[2305]	89	!
[2123]	90	! 2122 2017-01-18 12:22:54Z hoffmann
[2312]	91	! Improved initialization of equilibrium aerosol radii
[2123]	92	! Calculation of particle ID
	93	!
[2001]	94	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
	95	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
[2312]	96	!
[1930]	97	! 2016-06-09 16:25:25Z suehring
[2312]	98	! Bugfix in determining initial particle height and grid index in case of
[1929]	99	! seed_follows_topography.
[2312]	100	! Bugfix concerning random positions, ensure that particles do not move more
[1929]	101	! than one grid length.
	102	! Bugfix logarithmic interpolation.
	103	! Initial setting of sgs_wf_part.
[1321]	104	!
[1891]	105	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
[2312]	106	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
[1891]	107	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	108	! initialization.
	109	!
[1874]	110	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
[1929]	111	! Module renamed (removed _mod
[2312]	112	!
[1872]	113	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	114	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	115	!
[1851]	116	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	117	! Module renamed
	118	!
[1832]	119	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	120	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	121	!
[1823]	122	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	123	! Unused variables removed.
	124	!
[1784]	125	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	126	! netcdf module added
	127	!
[2312]	128	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	129	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
[1726]	130	! used.
	131	!
[1692]	132	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	133	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	134	!
[1686]	135	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	136	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	137	!
[1683]	138	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
[2312]	139	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
[1683]	140	!
[1576]	141	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	142	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	143	!
[1360]	144	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
[2312]	145	! New particle structure integrated.
[1360]	146	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	147	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
[2312]	148	!
[1329]	149	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	150	! -netcdf_output
	151	!
[1323]	152	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	153	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	154	!
[1321]	155	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	156	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	157	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	158	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	159	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	160	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	161	! all variable declaration statements
	162	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	163	!
[1315]	164	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
[2312]	165	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
[1315]	166	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	167	!
[1093]	168	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	169	! unused variables removed
	170	!
[1037]	171	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	172	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	173	!
[850]	174	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	175	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	176	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	177	! advec_particles),
	178	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	179	!
[829]	180	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	181	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	182	!
[826]	183	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	184	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	185	! array particles implemented as pointer
	186	!
[668]	187	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
[2312]	188	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
[668]	189	! of arrays.
	190	!
[1]	191	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	192	! Initial revision
	193	!
	194	!
	195	! Description:
	196	! ------------
[1682]	197	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	198	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	199	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	200	MODULE lpm_init_mod
[2312]	201
[2305]	202	USE, INTRINSIC :: ISO_C_BINDING
[1]	203
[1320]	204	USE arrays_3d, &
[2232]	205	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw
[1320]	206
	207	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	208	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[2312]	209	dt_3d, dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, &
	210	simulated_time
[1320]	211
	212	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	213	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	214
	215	USE indices, &
[1575]	216	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
[2317]	217	nzt, wall_flags_0
[1320]	218
	219	USE kinds
	220
	221	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	222	ONLY: init_kernels
	223
[1783]	224	USE netcdf_interface, &
	225	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	226
[1320]	227	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	228	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	229	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[2265]	230	curvature_solution_effects, density_ratio, grid_particles, &
	231	isf,i_splitting_mode, initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, &
	232	ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	233	max_number_of_particle_groups, min_nr_particle, &
[2305]	234	number_concentration, &
[2265]	235	number_particles_per_gridbox, number_of_particles, &
[1320]	236	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	237	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	238	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	239	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[2312]	240	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, &
	241	pss, pst, radius, random_start_position, &
[2265]	242	read_particles_from_restartfile, seed_follows_topography, &
	243	sgs_wf_part, sort_count, splitting_function, splitting_mode, &
	244	total_number_of_particles, use_sgs_for_particles, &
	245	write_particle_statistics, zero_particle, z0_av_global
[1320]	246
[1]	247	USE pegrid
	248
[1320]	249	USE random_function_mod, &
	250	ONLY: random_function
[1]	251
[2232]	252	USE surface_mod, &
[2698]	253	ONLY: get_topography_top_index_ji, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, surf_usm_h
[2232]	254
[2801]	255	USE pmc_particle_interface, &
	256	ONLY: pmcp_g_init
	257
[1359]	258	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	259
[1359]	260	PRIVATE
	261
[1682]	262	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	263	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	264
	265	INTERFACE lpm_init
	266	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	267	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	268
	269	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	270	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	271	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	272
	273	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	274
[1929]	275	CONTAINS
[1359]	276
[1682]	277	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	278	! Description:
	279	! ------------
	280	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	281	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	282	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	283
	284	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	285	ONLY: init_kernels
	286
[1]	287	IMPLICIT NONE
	288
[1682]	289	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	290	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	291	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	292
[2312]	293	REAL(wp) :: div !<
[1682]	294	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	295	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	296	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	297	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	298
[1359]	299
[1]	300	!
[150]	301	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	302	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	303	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	304	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	305	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	306	ENDIF
	307
[1359]	308	!
	309	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[2606]	310	!-- See documentation for List of subgrid boxes
	311	!-- See pack_and_sort in lpm_pack_arrays.f90 for assignment of the subgrid boxes
	312	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
	313	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	314	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	315	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	316	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	317	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	318	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	319	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
[150]	320	!
[1]	321	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	322	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	323	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	324	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	325	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	326	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	327	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	328	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	329	ENDIF
[2232]	330	!
	331	!-- Check if downward-facing walls exist. This case, reflection boundary
	332	!-- conditions (as well as subgrid-scale velocities) may do not work
[2312]	333	!-- propably (not realized so far).
[2232]	334	IF ( surf_def_h(1)%ns >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	335	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Overhanging topography do not work '// &
	336	'with particles'
[2232]	337	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0212', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	338
[2312]	339	ENDIF
[2232]	340
[1]	341	!
	342	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[2606]	343	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = 0.0_wp
	344	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx +1 ) * dx
	345	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = 0.0_wp
	346	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny +1 ) * dy
[1359]	347	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	348	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	349
[1359]	350	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	351	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	352	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	353
[2182]	354	!
	355	!-- If number_particles_per_gridbox is set, the parametres pdx, pdy and pdz are
	356	!-- calculated diagnostically. Therfore an isotropic distribution is prescribed.
[2312]	357	IF ( number_particles_per_gridbox /= -1 .AND. &
[2182]	358	number_particles_per_gridbox >= 1 ) THEN
[2312]	359	pdx(1) = (( dx * dy * ( zu(2) - zu(1) ) ) / &
[2182]	360	REAL(number_particles_per_gridbox))**0.3333333_wp
	361	!
[2312]	362	!-- Ensure a smooth value (two significant digits) of distance between
[2182]	363	!-- particles (pdx, pdy, pdz).
	364	div = 1000.0_wp
	365	DO WHILE ( pdx(1) < div )
	366	div = div / 10.0_wp
	367	ENDDO
	368	pdx(1) = NINT( pdx(1) * 100.0_wp / div ) * div / 100.0_wp
	369	pdy(1) = pdx(1)
	370	pdz(1) = pdx(1)
	371
	372	ENDIF
	373
[1]	374	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	375	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	376	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	377	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	378	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	379	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	380	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	381	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	382	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	383	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	384	ENDDO
	385
	386	!
[2312]	387	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities.
[1929]	388	!-- Initialize prefactor required for stoachastic Weil equation.
[1822]	389	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	390	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	391	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	392	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1929]	393
[2312]	394	sgs_wf_part = 1.0_wp / 3.0_wp
[849]	395	ENDIF
	396
	397	!
[2312]	398	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
[1314]	399	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
[2312]	400	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	401	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	402	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
[1314]	403	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	404	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	405	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[2312]	406
	407	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
[2232]	408	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
[1314]	409
	410	!
	411	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
[2312]	412	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	413	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	414	!-- negligible.
[2232]	415	z0_av_local = SUM( surf_def_h(0)%z0 ) + SUM( surf_lsm_h%z0 ) + &
	416	SUM( surf_usm_h%z0 )
[1359]	417	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	418
[1320]	419	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	420	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	421	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	422	#else
	423	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	424	#endif
[1314]	425
	426	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	427	!
	428	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	429	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	430	!
	431	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	432	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	433	!
	434	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1929]	435	height_p = z0_av_global
[1314]	436	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	437
	438	height_p = height_p + height_int
	439	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	440
	441	ENDDO
	442
	443	ENDIF
	444
	445	!
[1359]	446	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	447	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
[2312]	448
[1359]	449	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	450	ibc_par_b = 1
	451
	452	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	453	ibc_par_b = 2
[2312]	454
[1359]	455	CASE DEFAULT
	456	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	457	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	458	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	459
[1359]	460	END SELECT
	461	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
[2312]	462
[1359]	463	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	464	ibc_par_t = 1
	465
	466	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	467	ibc_par_t = 2
[2801]	468
	469	CASE ( 'nested' )
	470	ibc_par_t = 3
[2312]	471
[1359]	472	CASE DEFAULT
	473	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	474	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	475	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	476
[1359]	477	END SELECT
	478	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	479
	480	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	481	ibc_par_lr = 0
	482
	483	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	484	ibc_par_lr = 1
	485
	486	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	487	ibc_par_lr = 2
[2801]	488
	489	CASE ( 'nested' )
	490	ibc_par_lr = 3
[2312]	491
[1359]	492	CASE DEFAULT
	493	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	494	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	495	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	496
[1359]	497	END SELECT
	498	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	499
	500	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	501	ibc_par_ns = 0
	502
	503	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	504	ibc_par_ns = 1
	505
	506	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	507	ibc_par_ns = 2
[2801]	508
	509	CASE ( 'nested' )
	510	ibc_par_ns = 3
[2312]	511
[1359]	512	CASE DEFAULT
	513	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	514	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	515	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	516
[1359]	517	END SELECT
[2263]	518	SELECT CASE ( splitting_mode )
[2312]	519
[2263]	520	CASE ( 'const' )
	521	i_splitting_mode = 1
[1359]	522
[2263]	523	CASE ( 'cl_av' )
	524	i_splitting_mode = 2
	525
	526	CASE ( 'gb_av' )
	527	i_splitting_mode = 3
[2312]	528
[2263]	529	CASE DEFAULT
	530	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting condition ', &
	531	'splitting_mode = "', TRIM( splitting_mode ), '"'
	532	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0146', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	533
[2263]	534	END SELECT
	535	SELECT CASE ( splitting_function )
[2312]	536
[2263]	537	CASE ( 'gamma' )
	538	isf = 1
	539
	540	CASE ( 'log' )
	541	isf = 2
	542
	543	CASE ( 'exp' )
	544	isf = 3
[2312]	545
[2263]	546	CASE DEFAULT
	547	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown splitting function ', &
	548	'splitting_function = "', TRIM( splitting_function ), '"'
	549	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0147', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[2312]	550
[2263]	551	END SELECT
	552
[2312]	553
[1359]	554	!
[828]	555	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	556	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	557
	558	!
[1]	559	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	560	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	561	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	562	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	563
[849]	564	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	565
	566	ELSE
	567
	568	!
	569	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	570	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	571	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	572	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	573
[1359]	574	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	575
	576	sort_count = 0
[1359]	577	prt_count = 0
[792]	578
[1]	579	!
[2312]	580	!-- initialize counter for particle IDs
[2305]	581	grid_particles%id_counter = 1
[2122]	582
	583	!
[1]	584	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	585	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	586	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	587	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	588	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	589	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2312]	590	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
[2305]	591	0, 0, 0_idp, .FALSE., -1 )
[1822]	592
[1359]	593	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	594
	595	!
	596	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	597	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	598	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	599	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	600	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	601	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	602	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	603	ENDIF
[1359]	604	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	605	ENDDO
	606
	607	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	608	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	609	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	610	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	611	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	612	ENDIF
	613	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	614	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	615	ENDDO
	616
	617	!
[1359]	618	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	619	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	620	!-- different on the different PEs.
	621	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	622
[1725]	623	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
[1359]	624	!
	625	!-- User modification of initial particles
	626	CALL user_lpm_init
	627
	628	!
	629	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	630	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	631	CALL check_open( 80 )
	632	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
[2312]	633	number_of_particles
[1359]	634	CALL close_file( 80 )
	635	ENDIF
	636
	637	ENDIF
	638
[2801]	639	CALL pmcp_g_init
	640
[1359]	641	!
[2312]	642	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
[1359]	643	!-- first grid cell
	644	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	645	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	646	!
	647	!-- Formats
	648	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	649
	650	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	651
[1682]	652	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	653	! Description:
	654	! ------------
	655	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	656	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	657	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
[2628]	658
	659	USE arrays_3d, &
	660	ONLY: zw
[1359]	661	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	662	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	663
[2628]	664	USE lpm_pack_and_sort_mod, &
[2606]	665	ONLY: lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1359]	666
[1871]	667	USE particle_attributes, &
[2312]	668	ONLY: deleted_particles
[1871]	669
[1359]	670	IMPLICIT NONE
	671
[1929]	672	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !< relative increase of allocated memory for particles
	673	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< loop variable ( particle groups )
	674	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !< index variable along x
	675	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< loop variable ( particles per point )
	676	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !< index variable along y
[2232]	677	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< index variable along z
	678	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< index of surface grid point
[1929]	679	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !< index variable along z
	680	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !< loop variable for initialization
	681	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !< loop variable ( number of particles )
	682	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !< new size of allocated memory for particles
[1359]	683
[1929]	684	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !< mode of inititialization
[1359]	685
[1929]	686	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !< start address of new particle
	687	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !< start address of new particle
[1359]	688
[1929]	689	LOGICAL :: first_stride !< flag for initialization
[1359]	690
[2312]	691	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !< increment for particle position in x
	692	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !< increment for particle position in y
	693	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !< increment for particle position in z
[1929]	694	REAL(wp) :: rand_contr !< dummy argument for random position
[1359]	695
[1929]	696	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !< temporary particle used for initialization
[1359]	697
	698	!
	699	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	700	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	701	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	702	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	703	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	704	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	705	ELSE
	706	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	707	ENDIF
	708
[2182]	709	!
	710	!-- Calculate initial_weighting_factor diagnostically
	711	IF ( number_concentration /= -1.0_wp .AND. number_concentration > 0.0_wp ) THEN
[2312]	712	initial_weighting_factor = number_concentration * 1.0E6_wp * &
	713	pdx(1) * pdy(1) * pdz(1)
[2182]	714	END IF
	715
[1]	716	n = 0
	717	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	718
	719	pos_z = psb(i)
	720
	721	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	722
[2223]	723	IF ( pos_z >= 0.0_wp .AND. pos_z < zw(nzt) ) THEN
[1]	724
	725
[2223]	726	pos_y = pss(i)
[1]	727
[2223]	728	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
[1]	729
[2606]	730	IF ( pos_y >= nys * dy .AND. &
	731	pos_y < ( nyn + 1 ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	732
[2223]	733	pos_x = psl(i)
[1]	734
[2223]	735	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	736
[2606]	737	IF ( pos_x >= nxl * dx .AND. &
	738	pos_x < ( nxr + 1) * dx ) THEN
[2223]	739
	740	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	741
[2305]	742
[2223]	743	n = n + 1
	744	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	745	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	746	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	747	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	748	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	749	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
	750	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[2312]	751	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	752	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	753	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[2223]	754	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	755	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	756	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	757	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	758	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	759	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
[2312]	760	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	761	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! dry aerosol radius
	762	tmp_particle%aux2 = dt_3d ! last Rosenbrock timestep
	763	ELSE
	764	tmp_particle%aux1 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	765	tmp_particle%aux2 = 0.0_wp ! free to use
	766	ENDIF
[2223]	767	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	768	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	769	tmp_particle%class = 1
	770	tmp_particle%group = i
[2305]	771	tmp_particle%id = 0_idp
[2223]	772	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
	773	tmp_particle%block_nr = -1
[1]	774	!
[2223]	775	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[2606]	776	ip = tmp_particle%x * ddx
	777	jp = tmp_particle%y * ddy
[2628]	778	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	779	DO WHILE( zw(kp) < tmp_particle%z )
	780	kp = kp + 1
	781	ENDDO
	782	DO WHILE( zw(kp-1) > tmp_particle%z )
	783	kp = kp - 1
	784	ENDDO
[2232]	785	!
	786	!-- Determine surface level. Therefore, check for
[2317]	787	!-- upward-facing wall on w-grid.
[2698]	788	k_surf = get_topography_top_index_ji( jp, ip, 'w' )
[1]	789
[2223]	790	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
[1575]	791	!
[2223]	792	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
[2232]	793	kp = kp + k_surf
	794	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(k_surf)
	795	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
	796	!-- above model top, or within topography in case
	797	!-- of overhanging structures.
	798	IF ( kp > nzt .OR. &
	799	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) ) THEN
[2223]	800	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	801	CYCLE xloop
	802	ENDIF
[2232]	803	!
[2312]	804	!-- Skip particle release if particle position is
[2232]	805	!-- below surface, or within topography in case
	806	!-- of overhanging structures.
[2223]	807	ELSEIF ( .NOT. seed_follows_topography .AND. &
[2232]	808	tmp_particle%z <= zw(k_surf) .OR. &
	809	.NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(kp,jp,ip), 0 ) )&
	810	THEN
[1575]	811	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[2312]	812	CYCLE xloop
[1575]	813	ENDIF
	814
[2223]	815	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
[2182]	816
[2223]	817	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	818	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	819	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	820	ENDIF
	821	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	822	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	823	ENDIF
	824	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	825
[1359]	826	ENDIF
[2223]	827	ENDDO
[1929]	828
[2223]	829	ENDIF
[1]	830
[2223]	831	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
[1]	832
[2223]	833	ENDDO xloop
[1]	834
[2223]	835	ENDIF
[1]	836
[2223]	837	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
[1]	838
[2223]	839	ENDDO
[1]	840
[2223]	841	ENDIF
[1]	842
	843	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	844
	845	ENDDO
	846
	847	ENDDO
	848
[1359]	849	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	850	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	851	DO jp = nys, nyn
	852	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	853	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	854	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	855	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	856	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	857	min_nr_particle )
	858	ELSE
	859	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	860	ENDIF
	861	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	862	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	863	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	864	ENDDO
	865	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	866	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	867	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	868	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	869	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	870	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
[2182]	871	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
[1359]	872	ENDIF
	873	ENDIF
	874	ENDIF
	875	ENDDO
	876	ENDDO
	877	ENDDO
	878	ENDIF
[1929]	879
[1359]	880	ENDDO
[1]	881
[2182]	882
	883
[1359]	884	local_start = prt_count+1
	885	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	886
[1]	887	!
[2122]	888	!-- Calculate particle IDs
	889	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	890	DO jp = nys, nyn
	891	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	892	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	893	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	894	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	895
[2312]	896	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	897
[2305]	898	particles(n)%id = 10000_idp*3 grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + &
	899	10000_idp*2 kp + 10000_idp * jp + ip
	900	!
	901	!-- Count the number of particles that have been released before
[2122]	902	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter = &
	903	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%id_counter + 1
	904
	905	ENDDO
	906
	907	ENDDO
	908	ENDDO
	909	ENDDO
	910
	911	!
[1871]	912	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
[2312]	913	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
[1871]	914	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	915	ENDIF
	916
	917	!
[1929]	918	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions.
[1359]	919	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	920	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	921	DO jp = nys, nyn
	922	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	923	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	924	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	925	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1929]	926	!
[2312]	927	!-- Move only new particles. Moreover, limit random fluctuation
	928	!-- in order to prevent that particles move more than one grid box,
	929	!-- which would lead to problems concerning particle exchange
	930	!-- between processors in case pdx/pdy are larger than dx/dy,
	931	!-- respectively.
[1929]	932	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[1359]	933	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	934	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	935	pdx(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	936	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
[2232]	937	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dx, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	938	ABS( rand_contr ) < dx &
[2312]	939	)
[1359]	940	ENDIF
	941	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	942	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	943	pdy(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	944	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
[2232]	945	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dy, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	946	ABS( rand_contr ) < dy &
[2312]	947	)
[1359]	948	ENDIF
	949	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
[1929]	950	rand_contr = ( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	951	pdz(particles(n)%group)
[1359]	952	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
[2232]	953	MERGE( rand_contr, SIGN( dz, rand_contr ), &
[1929]	954	ABS( rand_contr ) < dz &
[2312]	955	)
[1359]	956	ENDIF
	957	ENDDO
[1]	958	!
[1929]	959	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain and reflect
	960	!-- or absorb them if necessary.
[2698]	961	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top', i, j, k )
[1929]	962	!
	963	!-- Furthermore, remove particles located in topography. Note, as
[2312]	964	!-- the particle speed is still zero at this point, wall
[1929]	965	!-- reflection boundary conditions will not work in this case.
	966	particles => &
	967	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	968	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
[2606]	969	i = particles(n)%x * ddx
	970	j = particles(n)%y * ddy
[2628]	971	k = particles(n)%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
	972	DO WHILE( zw(k) < particles(n)%z )
	973	k = k + 1
	974	ENDDO
	975	DO WHILE( zw(k-1) > particles(n)%z )
	976	k = k - 1
	977	ENDDO
[2232]	978	!
	979	!-- Check if particle is within topography
	980	IF ( .NOT. BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) ) THEN
[1929]	981	particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
	982	deleted_particles = deleted_particles + 1
	983	ENDIF
[2232]	984
[1929]	985	ENDDO
[1359]	986	ENDDO
	987	ENDDO
	988	ENDDO
[1]	989	!
[1359]	990	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	991	CALL lpm_move_particle
	992	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	993
[1359]	994	ENDIF
[1]	995	!
[2312]	996	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	997	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	998	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
[1359]	999	!-- position.
[2606]	1000	CALL lpm_sort_in_subboxes
[1]	1001
	1002	!
[2265]	1003	!-- Determine the current number of particles
[1359]	1004	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1005	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1006	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1007	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	1008	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	1009	ENDDO
[1359]	1010	ENDDO
	1011	ENDDO
[1]	1012	!
[1822]	1013	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	1014	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	1015	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	1016	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	1017	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	1018	#else
[1359]	1019	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	1020	#endif
	1021
[1359]	1022	RETURN
[1]	1023
[1359]	1024	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	1025
[1871]	1026	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	1027
	1028	USE arrays_3d, &
[2312]	1029	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
[1871]	1030
	1031	USE cloud_parameters, &
[2375]	1032	ONLY: l_d_rv, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	1033	molecular_weight_of_water, rho_l, r_v, rho_s, vanthoff
[1871]	1034
	1035	USE constants, &
	1036	ONLY: pi
	1037
[2608]	1038	USE diagnostic_quantities_mod, &
	1039	ONLY: magnus
	1040
	1041
[1871]	1042	USE kinds
	1043
	1044	USE particle_attributes, &
[2375]	1045	ONLY: aero_species, aero_type, aero_weight, log_sigma, na, rm
[1871]	1046
	1047	IMPLICIT NONE
	1048
[2122]	1049	REAL(wp) :: afactor !< curvature effects
[1871]	1050	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
[2312]	1051	REAL(wp) :: dlogr !< logarithmic width of radius bin
[1871]	1052	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	1053	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
[2312]	1054	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 0.005e-6_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	1055	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 10.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	1056	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius of bin
	1057	REAL(wp) :: r_l !< left radius of bin
	1058	REAL(wp) :: r_r !< right radius of bin
[2122]	1059	REAL(wp) :: sigma !< surface tension
[1871]	1060	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	1061
[1890]	1062	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	1063
	1064	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	1065	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	1066	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	1067	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	1068
	1069	!
[2375]	1070	!-- Set constants for different aerosol species
	1071	IF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nacl' ) THEN
	1072	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.05844_wp
	1073	rho_s = 2165.0_wp
	1074	vanthoff = 2.0_wp
	1075	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'c3h4o4' ) THEN
	1076	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.10406_wp
	1077	rho_s = 1600.0_wp
	1078	vanthoff = 1.37_wp
	1079	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_species) .EQ. 'nh4o3' ) THEN
	1080	molecular_weight_of_solute = 0.08004_wp
	1081	rho_s = 1720.0_wp
	1082	vanthoff = 2.31_wp
	1083	ELSE
	1084	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol species ', &
	1085	'aero_species = "', TRIM( aero_species ), '"'
	1086	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0470', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	1087	ENDIF
	1088	!
[2312]	1089	!-- The following typical aerosol spectra are taken from Jaenicke (1993):
	1090	!-- Tropospheric aerosols. Published in Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions.
	1091	IF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'polar' ) THEN
	1092	na = (/ 2.17e1, 1.86e-1, 3.04e-4 /) * 1.0E6
	1093	rm = (/ 0.0689, 0.375, 4.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1094	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.300, 0.291 /)
	1095	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'background' ) THEN
	1096	na = (/ 1.29e2, 5.97e1, 6.35e1 /) * 1.0E6
	1097	rm = (/ 0.0036, 0.127, 0.259 /) * 1.0E-6
	1098	log_sigma = (/ 0.645, 0.253, 0.425 /)
	1099	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'maritime' ) THEN
	1100	na = (/ 1.33e2, 6.66e1, 3.06e0 /) * 1.0E6
	1101	rm = (/ 0.0039, 0.133, 0.29 /) * 1.0E-6
	1102	log_sigma = (/ 0.657, 0.210, 0.396 /)
	1103	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'continental' ) THEN
	1104	na = (/ 3.20e3, 2.90e3, 3.00e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1105	rm = (/ 0.01, 0.058, 0.9 /) * 1.0E-6
	1106	log_sigma = (/ 0.161, 0.217, 0.380 /)
	1107	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'desert' ) THEN
	1108	na = (/ 7.26e2, 1.14e3, 1.78e-1 /) * 1.0E6
	1109	rm = (/ 0.001, 0.0188, 10.8 /) * 1.0E-6
	1110	log_sigma = (/ 0.247, 0.770, 0.438 /)
	1111	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'rural' ) THEN
	1112	na = (/ 6.65e3, 1.47e2, 1.99e3 /) * 1.0E6
	1113	rm = (/ 0.00739, 0.0269, 0.0419 /) * 1.0E-6
	1114	log_sigma = (/ 0.225, 0.557, 0.266 /)
	1115	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'urban' ) THEN
	1116	na = (/ 9.93e4, 1.11e3, 3.64e4 /) * 1.0E6
	1117	rm = (/ 0.00651, 0.00714, 0.0248 /) * 1.0E-6
	1118	log_sigma = (/ 0.245, 0.666, 0.337 /)
	1119	ELSEIF ( TRIM(aero_type) .EQ. 'user' ) THEN
	1120	CONTINUE
	1121	ELSE
	1122	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown aerosol type ', &
	1123	'aero_type = "', TRIM( aero_type ), '"'
	1124	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0459', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1871]	1125	ENDIF
	1126
	1127	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	1128	DO jp = nys, nyn
	1129	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	1130
	1131	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	1132	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	1133	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[2312]	1134
	1135	dlogr = ( LOG10(rmax) - LOG10(rmin) ) / ( number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 1 )
[1871]	1136	!
	1137	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
[2312]	1138	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
[1871]	1139	!-- weighting factor
[2312]	1140	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[1871]	1141
[2312]	1142	r_l = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + (n-1) dlogr )
	1143	r_r = 10.0*( LOG10( rmin ) + n dlogr )
	1144	r_mid = SQRT( r_l * r_r )
[1871]	1145
[2312]	1146	particles(n)%aux1 = r_mid
	1147	particles(n)%weight_factor = &
	1148	( na(1) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(1) ) * &
	1149	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(1) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(1)**2 ) ) + &
	1150	na(2) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(2) ) * &
	1151	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(2) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(2)**2 ) ) + &
	1152	na(3) / ( SQRT( 2.0 * pi ) * log_sigma(3) ) * &
	1153	EXP( - LOG10( r_mid / rm(3) )*2 / ( 2.0 log_sigma(3)**2 ) ) &
	1154	) * ( LOG10(r_r) - LOG10(r_l) ) * ( dx * dy * dz )
[1871]	1155
[2312]	1156	!
	1157	!-- Multiply weight_factor with the namelist parameter aero_weight
	1158	!-- to increase or decrease the number of simulated aerosols
	1159	particles(n)%weight_factor = particles(n)%weight_factor * aero_weight
[1871]	1160
[2312]	1161	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor - FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) &
	1162	.GT. random_function( iran_part ) ) THEN
	1163	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp) + 1.0
	1164	ELSE
	1165	particles(n)%weight_factor = FLOOR(particles(n)%weight_factor,KIND=wp)
[1871]	1166	ENDIF
	1167	!
[2312]	1168	!-- Unnecessary particles will be deleted
	1169	IF ( particles(n)%weight_factor .LE. 0.0 ) particles(n)%particle_mask = .FALSE.
[1871]	1170
[2312]	1171	ENDDO
[1871]	1172	!
	1173	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	1174	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
[2312]	1175	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
[1871]	1176	!-- the simulation.
	1177	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1178
[2608]	1179	e_s = magnus( t_int )
	1180	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
[1871]	1181
[2122]	1182	sigma = 0.0761_wp - 0.000155_wp * ( t_int - 273.15_wp )
	1183	afactor = 2.0_wp * sigma / ( rho_l * r_v * t_int )
	1184
	1185	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1186	rho_s / ( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
[1871]	1187	!
[2312]	1188	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
[2122]	1189	!-- supersaturations higher than -5 %, the supersaturation is set to -5%.
	1190	IF ( e_a / e_s >= 0.95_wp ) e_a = 0.95_wp * e_s
[1871]	1191
[2312]	1192	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
[2122]	1193	!
[2312]	1194	!-- For details on this equation, see Eq. (14) of Khvorostyanov and
	1195	!-- Curry (2007, JGR)
[2122]	1196	particles(n)%radius = bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1197	particles(n)%aux1 / ( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.3333333_wp / &
[2122]	1198	( 1.0_wp + ( afactor / ( 3.0_wp * bfactor*0.3333333_wp &
[2312]	1199	particles(n)%aux1 ) ) / &
[2122]	1200	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**0.6666666_wp &
	1201	)
[1871]	1202
[2122]	1203	ENDDO
[1871]	1204
	1205	ENDDO
	1206	ENDDO
	1207	ENDDO
	1208
	1209	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1210
[1359]	1211	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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