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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 1891

Last change on this file since 1891 was 1891, checked in by hoffmann, 8 years ago
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[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[1036]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
	6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
	7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	8	!
	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	12	!
	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	15	!
[1818]	16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1036]	17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	18	!
[254]	19	! Current revisions:
[1]	20	! -----------------
[1891]	21	!
[1851]	22	!
[1321]	23	! Former revisions:
	24	! -----------------
	25	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 1891 2016-04-22 08:53:22Z hoffmann $
	26	!
[1891]	27	! 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann
	28	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
	29	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	30	! initialization.
	31	!
[1874]	32	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
	33	! Module renamed (removed _mod)
	34	!
[1872]	35	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	36	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	37	!
[1851]	38	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	39	! Module renamed
	40	!
[1832]	41	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	42	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	43	!
[1823]	44	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	45	! Unused variables removed.
	46	!
[1784]	47	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	48	! netcdf module added
	49	!
[1726]	50	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	51	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
	52	! used.
	53	!
[1692]	54	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	55	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	56	!
[1686]	57	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	58	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	59	!
[1683]	60	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	61	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	62	!
[1576]	63	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	64	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	65	!
[1360]	66	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
	67	! New particle structure integrated.
	68	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	69	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
	70	!
[1329]	71	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	72	! -netcdf_output
	73	!
[1323]	74	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	75	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	76	!
[1321]	77	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	78	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	79	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	80	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	81	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	82	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	83	! all variable declaration statements
	84	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	85	!
[1315]	86	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
	87	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
	88	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	89	!
[1093]	90	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	91	! unused variables removed
	92	!
[1037]	93	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	94	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	95	!
[850]	96	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	97	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	98	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	99	! advec_particles),
	100	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	101	!
[829]	102	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	103	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	104	!
[826]	105	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	106	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	107	! array particles implemented as pointer
	108	!
[668]	109	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
	110	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
	111	! of arrays.
	112	!
[1]	113	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	114	! Initial revision
	115	!
	116	!
	117	! Description:
	118	! ------------
[1682]	119	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	120	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	121	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	122	MODULE lpm_init_mod
	123
[1]	124
[1320]	125	USE arrays_3d, &
	126	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw, z0
	127
	128	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	129	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[1783]	130	dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, simulated_time
[1320]	131
	132	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	133	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	134
	135	USE indices, &
[1575]	136	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
	137	nzb_w_inner, nzt
[1320]	138
	139	USE kinds
	140
	141	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	142	ONLY: init_kernels
	143
[1783]	144	USE netcdf_interface, &
	145	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	146
[1320]	147	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	148	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	149	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[1831]	150	curvature_solution_effects, &
[1822]	151	density_ratio, grid_particles, &
[1359]	152	initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, &
	153	ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	154	max_number_of_particle_groups, maximum_number_of_particles, &
[1822]	155	min_nr_particle, mpi_particle_type, &
	156	number_of_particles, &
[1320]	157	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	158	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	159	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	160	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[1822]	161	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, &
[1359]	162	prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, pss, pst, &
[1320]	163	radius, random_start_position, read_particles_from_restartfile,&
[1822]	164	seed_follows_topography, sort_count, &
	165	total_number_of_particles, &
	166	use_sgs_for_particles, &
[1359]	167	write_particle_statistics, uniform_particles, zero_particle, &
	168	z0_av_global
[1320]	169
[1]	170	USE pegrid
	171
[1320]	172	USE random_function_mod, &
	173	ONLY: random_function
[1]	174
[1359]	175	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	176
[1359]	177	PRIVATE
	178
[1682]	179	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	180	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	181
	182	INTERFACE lpm_init
	183	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	184	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	185
	186	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	187	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	188	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	189
	190	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	191
	192	CONTAINS
	193
[1682]	194	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	195	! Description:
	196	! ------------
	197	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	198	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	199	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	200
	201	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	202	ONLY: init_kernels
	203
[1]	204	IMPLICIT NONE
	205
[1682]	206	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	207	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	208	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	209
[1]	210	#if defined( __parallel )
[1682]	211	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: blocklengths !<
	212	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: displacements !<
	213	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: types !<
[1]	214	#endif
	215
[1682]	216	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	217	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	218	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	219	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	220
	221	#if defined( __parallel )
	222	!
	223	!-- Define MPI derived datatype for FORTRAN datatype particle_type (see module
[82]	224	!-- particle_attributes). Integer length is 4 byte, Real is 8 byte
[1359]	225	blocklengths(1) = 19; blocklengths(2) = 6; blocklengths(3) = 1
	226	displacements(1) = 0; displacements(2) = 152; displacements(3) = 176
	227
[1]	228	types(1) = MPI_REAL
	229	types(2) = MPI_INTEGER
	230	types(3) = MPI_UB
	231	CALL MPI_TYPE_STRUCT( 3, blocklengths, displacements, types, &
	232	mpi_particle_type, ierr )
	233	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( mpi_particle_type, ierr )
	234	#endif
	235
	236	!
[150]	237	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	238	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	239	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	240	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	241	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	242	ENDIF
	243
[1359]	244	!
	245	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[150]	246
[1359]	247	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
	248	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	249	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	250	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	251	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	252	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	253	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	254	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
[150]	255	!
[1]	256	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	257	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	258	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	259	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	260	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	261	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	262	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	263	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	264	ENDIF
	265
	266	!
	267	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[1359]	268	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
	269	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
	270	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
	271	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
	272	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	273	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	274
[1359]	275	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	276	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	277	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	278
	279	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	280	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	281	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	282	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	283	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	284	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	285	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	286	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	287	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	288	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	289	ENDDO
	290
	291	!
[849]	292	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities
[1822]	293	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	294	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	295	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	296	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	297	ENDIF
	298
	299	!
[1314]	300	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
	301	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
	302	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	303	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	304	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
	305	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	306	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	307	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[1314]	308
	309	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
	310	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
	311
	312	!
	313	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
	314	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	315	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	316	!-- negligible.
	317	z0_av_local = SUM( z0(nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1359]	318	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	319
[1320]	320	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	321	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	322	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	323	#else
	324	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	325	#endif
[1314]	326
	327	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	328	!
	329	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	330	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	331	!
	332	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	333	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	334	!
	335	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1359]	336	height_p = 0.0_wp
[1314]	337	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	338
	339	height_p = height_p + height_int
	340	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	341
	342	ENDDO
	343
	344
	345	ENDIF
	346
	347	!
[1359]	348	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	349	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
	350
	351	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	352	ibc_par_b = 1
	353
	354	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	355	ibc_par_b = 2
	356
	357	CASE DEFAULT
	358	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	359	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	360	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	361
	362	END SELECT
	363	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
	364
	365	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	366	ibc_par_t = 1
	367
	368	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	369	ibc_par_t = 2
	370
	371	CASE DEFAULT
	372	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	373	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	374	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	375
	376	END SELECT
	377	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	378
	379	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	380	ibc_par_lr = 0
	381
	382	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	383	ibc_par_lr = 1
	384
	385	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	386	ibc_par_lr = 2
	387
	388	CASE DEFAULT
	389	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	390	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	391	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	392
	393	END SELECT
	394	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	395
	396	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	397	ibc_par_ns = 0
	398
	399	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	400	ibc_par_ns = 1
	401
	402	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	403	ibc_par_ns = 2
	404
	405	CASE DEFAULT
	406	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	407	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	408	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	409
	410	END SELECT
	411
	412	!
[828]	413	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	414	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	415
	416	!
[1]	417	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	418	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	419	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	420	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	421
[849]	422	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	423
	424	ELSE
	425
	426	!
	427	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	428	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	429	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	430	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	431
[1359]	432	maximum_number_of_particles = 0
	433	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	434
	435	sort_count = 0
[1359]	436	prt_count = 0
[792]	437
[1]	438	!
	439	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	440	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	441	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	442	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	443	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	444	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	445	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0, 0, 0, &
	446	0, .FALSE., -1)
[1822]	447
[1359]	448	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	449
	450	!
	451	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	452	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	453	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	454	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	455	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	456	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	457	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	458	ENDIF
[1359]	459	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	460	ENDDO
	461
	462	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	463	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	464	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	465	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	466	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	467	ENDIF
	468	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	469	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	470	ENDDO
	471
	472	!
[1359]	473	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	474	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	475	!-- different on the different PEs.
	476	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	477
[1725]	478	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
	479
[1359]	480	!
	481	!-- User modification of initial particles
	482	CALL user_lpm_init
	483
	484	!
	485	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	486	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	487	CALL check_open( 80 )
	488	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
	489	number_of_particles, &
	490	maximum_number_of_particles
	491	CALL close_file( 80 )
	492	ENDIF
	493
	494	ENDIF
	495
	496	!
	497	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
	498	!-- first grid cell
	499	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	500	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	501
	502	!
	503	!-- Formats
	504	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	505
	506	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	507
[1682]	508	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	509	! Description:
	510	! ------------
	511	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	512	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	513	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
	514
	515	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	516	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	517
	518	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
	519	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
	520
[1871]	521	USE particle_attributes, &
	522	ONLY: monodisperse_aerosols
	523
[1359]	524	IMPLICIT NONE
	525
[1682]	526	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !<
	527	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	528	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	529	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	530	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	531	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	532	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !<
	533	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	534	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !<
[1359]	535
[1682]	536	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !<
[1359]	537
[1682]	538	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !<
	539	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !<
[1359]	540
[1682]	541	LOGICAL :: first_stride !<
[1359]	542
[1682]	543	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !<
	544	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !<
	545	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !<
[1359]	546
[1682]	547	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !<
[1359]	548
	549	!
	550	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	551	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	552	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	553	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	554	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	555	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	556	ELSE
	557	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	558	ENDIF
	559
[1]	560	n = 0
	561	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	562
	563	pos_z = psb(i)
	564
	565	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	566
	567	pos_y = pss(i)
	568
	569	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
	570
[1359]	571	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
	572	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	573
	574	pos_x = psl(i)
	575
[1575]	576	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	577
[1359]	578	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
	579	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
[1]	580
	581	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	582
	583	n = n + 1
[1359]	584	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	585	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	586	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	587	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	588	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	589	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
[1822]	590	tmp_particle%dvrp_psize = 0.0_wp !unused
[1359]	591	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[824]	592	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	593	!
	594	!-- Initial values (internal timesteps, derivative)
	595	!-- for Rosenbrock method
[1871]	596	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 1.0E-6_wp !last Rosenbrock timestep
	597	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.1E-6_wp !dry aerosol radius
	598	tmp_particle%rvar3 = -9999999.9_wp !unused
[824]	599	ELSE
	600	!
	601	!-- Initial values for SGS velocities
[1359]	602	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	603	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	604	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[824]	605	ENDIF
[1359]	606	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	607	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	608	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	609	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	610	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	611	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
	612	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	613	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	614	tmp_particle%class = 1
	615	tmp_particle%group = i
[1822]	616	tmp_particle%tailpoints = 0 !unused
[1359]	617	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
[1822]	618	tmp_particle%tail_id = 0 !unused
	619
[1]	620	!
[1575]	621	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[1359]	622	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	623	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[1685]	624	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[1]	625
[1575]	626	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
	627	!
	628	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
	629	kp = kp + nzb_w_inner(jp,ip)
	630	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(kp)
	631	IF ( kp > nzt ) THEN
	632	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	633	CYCLE xloop
	634	ENDIF
	635	ENDIF
	636
[1359]	637	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
	638	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	639	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	640	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	641	ENDIF
	642	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	643	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	644	ENDIF
	645	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	646	ENDIF
[1]	647	ENDDO
	648
	649	ENDIF
	650
	651	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	652
[1575]	653	ENDDO xloop
[1]	654
	655	ENDIF
	656
	657	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
	658
	659	ENDDO
	660
	661	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	662
	663	ENDDO
	664
	665	ENDDO
	666
[1359]	667	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	668	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	669	DO jp = nys, nyn
	670	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	671	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	672	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	673	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	674	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	675	min_nr_particle )
	676	ELSE
	677	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	678	ENDIF
	679	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	680	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	681	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	682	ENDDO
	683	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	684	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	685	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	686	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	687	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	688	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
	689	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
	690	ENDIF
	691	ENDIF
	692	ENDIF
	693	ENDDO
	694	ENDDO
	695	ENDDO
	696	ENDIF
	697	ENDDO
[1]	698
[1359]	699	local_start = prt_count+1
	700	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	701
[1]	702	!
[1871]	703	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
	704	IF ( curvature_solution_effects .AND. .NOT. monodisperse_aerosols ) THEN
	705	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	706	ENDIF
	707
	708	!
[1359]	709	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions
	710	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	711	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	712	DO jp = nys, nyn
	713	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	714	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	715	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	716	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1]	717
[1359]	718	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !Move only new particles
	719	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
	720	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
	721	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	722	pdx(particles(n)%group)
	723	ENDIF
	724	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
	725	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
	726	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	727	pdy(particles(n)%group)
	728	ENDIF
	729	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
	730	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
	731	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	732	pdz(particles(n)%group)
	733	ENDIF
	734	ENDDO
[1]	735	!
[1359]	736	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain
	737	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
	738	ENDDO
	739	ENDDO
	740	ENDDO
[1]	741	!
[1359]	742	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	743	CALL lpm_move_particle
	744	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	745
[1359]	746	ENDIF
[1]	747	!
[1359]	748	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	749	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	750	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
	751	!-- position.
	752	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
[1]	753
	754	!
[1359]	755	!-- Determine maximum number of particles (i.e., all possible particles that
	756	!-- have been allocated) and the current number of particles
	757	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	758	DO jp = nys, nyn
	759	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	760	maximum_number_of_particles = maximum_number_of_particles &
	761	+ SIZE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles)
	762	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	763	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	764	ENDDO
[1359]	765	ENDDO
	766	ENDDO
[1]	767	!
[1822]	768	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	769	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	770	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	771	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	772	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	773	#else
[1359]	774	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	775	#endif
	776
[1359]	777	RETURN
[1]	778
[1359]	779	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	780
[1871]	781	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	782
	783	USE arrays_3d, &
	784	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
	785
	786	USE cloud_parameters, &
	787	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l
	788
	789	USE constants, &
	790	ONLY: pi
	791
	792	USE kinds
	793
	794	USE particle_attributes, &
	795	ONLY: init_aerosol_probabilistic, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	796	molecular_weight_of_water, n1, n2, n3, rho_s, rm1, rm2, rm3, &
	797	s1, s2, s3, vanthoff
	798
	799	IMPLICIT NONE
	800
	801	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cdf !< CDF of aerosol spectrum
	802	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r_temp !< dry aerosol radius spectrum
	803
	804	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
	805	REAL(wp) :: dr !< width of radius bin
	806	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	807	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
	808	REAL(wp) :: n_init !< sum of all aerosol concentrations
	809	REAL(wp) :: pdf !< PDF of aerosol spectrum
	810	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 1.0e-8_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	811	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 1.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	812	REAL(wp) :: rs_rand !< random number
	813	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius
	814	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	815	REAL(wp) :: weight_sum !< sum of all weighting factors
	816
[1890]	817	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	818
	819	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	820	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !<
	821	INTEGER(iwp) :: no_bins = 999 !< number of bins
	822	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	823	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	824	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	825
	826	LOGICAL :: new_pdf = .FALSE. !< check if aerosol PDF has to be recalculated
	827
	828	!
	829	!-- Compute aerosol background distribution
	830	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	831	ALLOCATE( cdf(0:no_bins), r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	832	DO n = 0, no_bins
	833	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	834	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	835
	836	cdf(n) = 0.0_wp
	837	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	838	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	839	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n1 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	840	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm1 ) / &
	841	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s1) ) &
	842	) )
	843	ENDIF
	844	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	845	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n2 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	846	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm2 ) / &
	847	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s2) ) &
	848	) )
	849	ENDIF
	850	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	851	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n3 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	852	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm3 ) / &
	853	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s3) ) &
	854	) )
	855	ENDIF
	856
	857	ENDDO
	858	ENDIF
	859
	860	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	861	DO jp = nys, nyn
	862	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	863
	864	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	865	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	866	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	867	!
	868	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
	869	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
	870	!-- weighting factor
	871	IF ( .NOT. init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	872
	873	new_pdf = .FALSE.
	874	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_temp ) ) THEN
	875	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	876	ELSE
	877	IF ( SIZE( r_temp ) .NE. &
	878	number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 2 ) THEN
	879	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	880	DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	881	ENDIF
	882	ENDIF
	883
	884	IF ( new_pdf ) THEN
	885
	886	no_bins = number_of_particles + 1 - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	887	ALLOCATE( r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	888
	889	DO n = 0, no_bins
	890	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	891	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * &
	892	REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	893	ENDDO
	894
	895	ENDIF
	896
	897	!
	898	!-- Calculate radius and concentration of each aerosol
	899	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	900
	901	nn = n - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	902
	903	r_mid = SQRT( r_temp(nn) * r_temp(nn+1) )
	904	dr = r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn)
	905
	906	pdf = 0.0_wp
	907	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	908	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	909	pdf = pdf + n1 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s1) * &
	910	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	911	) * &
	912	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm1 ) )**2 / &
	913	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s1)**2 ) &
	914	) &
	915	)
	916	ENDIF
	917	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	918	pdf = pdf + n2 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s2) * &
	919	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	920	) * &
	921	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm2 ) )**2 / &
	922	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s2)**2 ) &
	923	) &
	924	)
	925	ENDIF
	926	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	927	pdf = pdf + n3 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s3) * &
	928	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	929	) * &
	930	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm3 ) )**2 / &
	931	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s3)**2 ) &
	932	) &
	933	)
	934	ENDIF
	935
	936	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_mid
	937	particles(n)%weight_factor = pdf * dr
	938
	939	END DO
	940	!
	941	!-- Adjust weighting factors to initialize the same number of aerosols
	942	!-- in every grid box
	943	weight_sum = SUM(particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor)
	944
	945	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor = &
	946	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor / &
	947	weight_sum * initial_weighting_factor * ( no_bins + 1 )
	948
	949	ENDIF
	950	!
	951	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined weighting factor but
	952	!-- a randomly choosen dry radius
	953	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	954
	955	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	956
	957	rs_rand = -1.0_wp
	958	DO WHILE ( rs_rand .LT. cdf(0) .OR. rs_rand .GE. cdf(no_bins) )
	959	rs_rand = random_function( iran_part )
	960	ENDDO
	961	!
	962	!-- Determine aerosol dry radius by a random number generator
	963	DO nn = 0, no_bins-1
	964	IF ( cdf(nn) .LE. rs_rand .AND. cdf(nn+1) .GT. rs_rand ) THEN
	965	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_temp(nn) + ( r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn) ) / &
	966	( cdf(nn+1) - cdf(nn) ) * ( rs_rand - cdf(nn) )
	967	EXIT
	968	ENDIF
	969	ENDDO
	970
	971	ENDDO
	972
	973	ENDIF
	974
	975	!
	976	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	977	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
	978	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
	979	!-- the simulation.
	980	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	981
	982	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
	983	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
	984
	985	!
[1890]	986	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
	987	!-- supersaturations higher than -1 %, the supersaturation is set to -1%.
	988	IF ( e_a / e_s < 0.99_wp ) THEN
[1871]	989
	990	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	991
	992	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	993	rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 / &
	994	( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
	995	particles(n)%radius = particles(n)%rvar2 * ( bfactor / &
	996	particles(n)%rvar23 )(1.0_wp/3.0_wp) *&
	997	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**(-1.0_wp/3.0_wp)
	998
	999	ENDDO
	1000
[1890]	1001	ELSE
	1002
	1003	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	1004
	1005	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1006	rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 / &
	1007	( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
	1008	particles(n)%radius = particles(n)%rvar2 * ( bfactor / &
	1009	particles(n)%rvar23 )(1.0_wp/3.0_wp) *&
	1010	0.01_wp**(-1.0_wp/3.0_wp)
	1011
	1012	ENDDO
	1013
[1871]	1014	ENDIF
	1015
	1016	ENDDO
	1017	ENDDO
	1018	ENDDO
	1019	!
	1020	!-- Deallocate used arrays
	1021	IF ( ALLOCATED(r_temp) ) DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	1022	IF ( ALLOCATED(cdf) ) DEALLOCATE( cdf )
	1023
	1024	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1025
[1359]	1026	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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