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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/lpm_init.f90 @ 1890

Last change on this file since 1890 was 1890, checked in by hoffmann, 8 years ago
improvements for the consideration of aerosols in the LCM
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 39.7 KB

Rev	Line
[1873]	1	!> @file lpm_init.f90
[1036]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
	6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
	7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	8	!
	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	12	!
	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	15	!
[1818]	16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1036]	17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	18	!
[254]	19	! Current revisions:
[1]	20	! -----------------
[1890]	21	! Initialization of aerosol equilibrium radius not possible in supersaturated
	22	! environments. Therefore, a maximum supersaturation of -1 % is assumed during
	23	! initialization.
[1851]	24	!
[1321]	25	! Former revisions:
	26	! -----------------
	27	! $Id: lpm_init.f90 1890 2016-04-22 08:52:11Z hoffmann $
	28	!
[1874]	29	! 1873 2016-04-18 14:50:06Z maronga
	30	! Module renamed (removed _mod)
	31
	32	!
[1872]	33	! 1871 2016-04-15 11:46:09Z hoffmann
	34	! Initialization of aerosols added.
	35	!
[1851]	36	! 1850 2016-04-08 13:29:27Z maronga
	37	! Module renamed
	38	!
[1832]	39	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
	40	! curvature_solution_effects moved to particle_attributes
	41	!
[1823]	42	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
	43	! Unused variables removed.
	44	!
[1784]	45	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	46	! netcdf module added
	47	!
[1726]	48	! 1725 2015-11-17 13:01:51Z hoffmann
	49	! Bugfix: Processor-dependent seed for random function is generated before it is
	50	! used.
	51	!
[1692]	52	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
	53	! Renamed prandtl_layer to constant_flux_layer.
	54	!
[1686]	55	! 1685 2015-10-08 07:32:13Z raasch
	56	! bugfix concerning vertical index offset in case of ocean
	57	!
[1683]	58	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	59	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	60	!
[1576]	61	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
	62	! initial vertical particle position is allowed to follow the topography
	63	!
[1360]	64	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
	65	! New particle structure integrated.
	66	! Kind definition added to all floating point numbers.
	67	! lpm_init changed form a subroutine to a module.
	68	!
[1329]	69	! 1327 2014-03-21 11:00:16Z raasch
	70	! -netcdf_output
	71	!
[1323]	72	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
	73	! REAL functions provided with KIND-attribute
	74	!
[1321]	75	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
[1320]	76	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
	77	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
	78	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
	79	! revision history before 2012 removed,
	80	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
	81	! all variable declaration statements
	82	! bugfix: #if defined( __parallel ) added
[850]	83	!
[1315]	84	! 1314 2014-03-14 18:25:17Z suehring
	85	! Vertical logarithmic interpolation of horizontal particle speed for particles
	86	! between roughness height and first vertical grid level.
	87	!
[1093]	88	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
	89	! unused variables removed
	90	!
[1037]	91	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
	92	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
	93	!
[850]	94	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
[849]	95	! routine renamed: init_particles -> lpm_init
	96	! de_dx, de_dy, de_dz are allocated here (instead of automatic arrays in
	97	! advec_particles),
	98	! sort_particles renamed lpm_sort_arrays, user_init_particles renamed lpm_init
[392]	99	!
[829]	100	! 828 2012-02-21 12:00:36Z raasch
	101	! call of init_kernels, particle feature color renamed class
	102	!
[826]	103	! 824 2012-02-17 09:09:57Z raasch
	104	! particle attributes speed_x\|y\|z_sgs renamed rvar1\|2\|3,
	105	! array particles implemented as pointer
	106	!
[668]	107	! 667 2010-12-23 12:06:00Z suehring/gryschka
	108	! nxl-1, nxr+1, nys-1, nyn+1 replaced by nxlg, nxrg, nysg, nyng for allocation
	109	! of arrays.
	110	!
[1]	111	! Revision 1.1 1999/11/25 16:22:38 raasch
	112	! Initial revision
	113	!
	114	!
	115	! Description:
	116	! ------------
[1682]	117	!> This routine initializes a set of particles and their attributes (position,
	118	!> radius, ..) which are used by the Lagrangian particle model (see lpm).
[1]	119	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	120	MODULE lpm_init_mod
	121
[1]	122
[1320]	123	USE arrays_3d, &
	124	ONLY: de_dx, de_dy, de_dz, zu, zw, z0
	125
	126	USE control_parameters, &
[1691]	127	ONLY: cloud_droplets, constant_flux_layer, current_timestep_number, &
[1783]	128	dz, initializing_actions, message_string, ocean, simulated_time
[1320]	129
	130	USE grid_variables, &
[1359]	131	ONLY: ddx, dx, ddy, dy
[1320]	132
	133	USE indices, &
[1575]	134	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxrg, nxr, ny, nyn, nys, nyng, nysg, nz, nzb, &
	135	nzb_w_inner, nzt
[1320]	136
	137	USE kinds
	138
	139	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	140	ONLY: init_kernels
	141
[1783]	142	USE netcdf_interface, &
	143	ONLY: netcdf_data_format
	144
[1320]	145	USE particle_attributes, &
[1359]	146	ONLY: alloc_factor, bc_par_b, bc_par_lr, bc_par_ns, bc_par_t, &
	147	block_offset, block_offset_def, collision_kernel, &
[1831]	148	curvature_solution_effects, &
[1822]	149	density_ratio, grid_particles, &
[1359]	150	initial_weighting_factor, ibc_par_b, ibc_par_lr, ibc_par_ns, &
	151	ibc_par_t, iran_part, log_z_z0, &
	152	max_number_of_particle_groups, maximum_number_of_particles, &
[1822]	153	min_nr_particle, mpi_particle_type, &
	154	number_of_particles, &
[1320]	155	number_of_particle_groups, number_of_sublayers, &
[1822]	156	offset_ocean_nzt, offset_ocean_nzt_m1, &
[1359]	157	particles, particle_advection_start, particle_groups, &
	158	particle_groups_type, particles_per_point, &
[1822]	159	particle_type, pdx, pdy, pdz, &
[1359]	160	prt_count, psb, psl, psn, psr, pss, pst, &
[1320]	161	radius, random_start_position, read_particles_from_restartfile,&
[1822]	162	seed_follows_topography, sort_count, &
	163	total_number_of_particles, &
	164	use_sgs_for_particles, &
[1359]	165	write_particle_statistics, uniform_particles, zero_particle, &
	166	z0_av_global
[1320]	167
[1]	168	USE pegrid
	169
[1320]	170	USE random_function_mod, &
	171	ONLY: random_function
[1]	172
[1359]	173	IMPLICIT NONE
[1320]	174
[1359]	175	PRIVATE
	176
[1682]	177	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: PHASE_INIT = 1 !<
	178	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER, PUBLIC :: PHASE_RELEASE = 2 !<
[1359]	179
	180	INTERFACE lpm_init
	181	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_init
	182	END INTERFACE lpm_init
	183
	184	INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	185	MODULE PROCEDURE lpm_create_particle
	186	END INTERFACE lpm_create_particle
	187
	188	PUBLIC lpm_init, lpm_create_particle
	189
	190	CONTAINS
	191
[1682]	192	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	193	! Description:
	194	! ------------
	195	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	196	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	197	SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	198
	199	USE lpm_collision_kernels_mod, &
	200	ONLY: init_kernels
	201
[1]	202	IMPLICIT NONE
	203
[1682]	204	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	205	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	206	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
[1320]	207
[1]	208	#if defined( __parallel )
[1682]	209	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: blocklengths !<
	210	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: displacements !<
	211	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(3) :: types !<
[1]	212	#endif
	213
[1682]	214	REAL(wp) :: height_int !<
	215	REAL(wp) :: height_p !<
	216	REAL(wp) :: z_p !<
	217	REAL(wp) :: z0_av_local !<
[1]	218
	219	#if defined( __parallel )
	220	!
	221	!-- Define MPI derived datatype for FORTRAN datatype particle_type (see module
[82]	222	!-- particle_attributes). Integer length is 4 byte, Real is 8 byte
[1359]	223	blocklengths(1) = 19; blocklengths(2) = 6; blocklengths(3) = 1
	224	displacements(1) = 0; displacements(2) = 152; displacements(3) = 176
	225
[1]	226	types(1) = MPI_REAL
	227	types(2) = MPI_INTEGER
	228	types(3) = MPI_UB
	229	CALL MPI_TYPE_STRUCT( 3, blocklengths, displacements, types, &
	230	mpi_particle_type, ierr )
	231	CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT( mpi_particle_type, ierr )
	232	#endif
	233
	234	!
[150]	235	!-- In case of oceans runs, the vertical index calculations need an offset,
	236	!-- because otherwise the k indices will become negative
	237	IF ( ocean ) THEN
	238	offset_ocean_nzt = nzt
	239	offset_ocean_nzt_m1 = nzt - 1
	240	ENDIF
	241
[1359]	242	!
	243	!-- Define block offsets for dividing a gridcell in 8 sub cells
[150]	244
[1359]	245	block_offset(0) = block_offset_def (-1,-1,-1)
	246	block_offset(1) = block_offset_def (-1,-1, 0)
	247	block_offset(2) = block_offset_def (-1, 0,-1)
	248	block_offset(3) = block_offset_def (-1, 0, 0)
	249	block_offset(4) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1,-1)
	250	block_offset(5) = block_offset_def ( 0,-1, 0)
	251	block_offset(6) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0,-1)
	252	block_offset(7) = block_offset_def ( 0, 0, 0)
[150]	253	!
[1]	254	!-- Check the number of particle groups.
	255	IF ( number_of_particle_groups > max_number_of_particle_groups ) THEN
[274]	256	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'max_number_of_particle_groups =', &
	257	max_number_of_particle_groups , &
[254]	258	'&number_of_particle_groups reset to ', &
	259	max_number_of_particle_groups
[849]	260	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0213', 0, 1, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	261	number_of_particle_groups = max_number_of_particle_groups
	262	ENDIF
	263
	264	!
	265	!-- Set default start positions, if necessary
[1359]	266	IF ( psl(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(1) = -0.5_wp * dx
	267	IF ( psr(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(1) = ( nx + 0.5_wp ) * dx
	268	IF ( pss(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(1) = -0.5_wp * dy
	269	IF ( psn(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(1) = ( ny + 0.5_wp ) * dy
	270	IF ( psb(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(1) = zu(nz/2)
	271	IF ( pst(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(1) = psb(1)
[1]	272
[1359]	273	IF ( pdx(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(1) = dx
	274	IF ( pdy(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(1) = dy
	275	IF ( pdz(1) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(1) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(1) = zu(2) - zu(1)
[1]	276
	277	DO j = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	278	IF ( psl(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psl(j) = psl(j-1)
	279	IF ( psr(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psr(j) = psr(j-1)
	280	IF ( pss(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pss(j) = pss(j-1)
	281	IF ( psn(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psn(j) = psn(j-1)
	282	IF ( psb(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) psb(j) = psb(j-1)
	283	IF ( pst(j) == 9999999.9_wp ) pst(j) = pst(j-1)
	284	IF ( pdx(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdx(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdx(j) = pdx(j-1)
	285	IF ( pdy(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdy(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdy(j) = pdy(j-1)
	286	IF ( pdz(j) == 9999999.9_wp .OR. pdz(j) == 0.0_wp ) pdz(j) = pdz(j-1)
[1]	287	ENDDO
	288
	289	!
[849]	290	!-- Allocate arrays required for calculating particle SGS velocities
[1822]	291	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .AND. .NOT. cloud_droplets ) THEN
[849]	292	ALLOCATE( de_dx(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	293	de_dy(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	294	de_dz(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	295	ENDIF
	296
	297	!
[1314]	298	!-- Allocate array required for logarithmic vertical interpolation of
	299	!-- horizontal particle velocities between the surface and the first vertical
	300	!-- grid level. In order to avoid repeated CPU cost-intensive CALLS of
	301	!-- intrinsic FORTRAN procedure LOG(z/z0), LOG(z/z0) is precalculated for
	302	!-- several heights. Splitting into 20 sublayers turned out to be sufficient.
	303	!-- To obtain exact height levels of particles, linear interpolation is applied
	304	!-- (see lpm_advec.f90).
[1691]	305	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
[1314]	306
	307	ALLOCATE ( log_z_z0(0:number_of_sublayers) )
	308	z_p = zu(nzb+1) - zw(nzb)
	309
	310	!
	311	!-- Calculate horizontal mean value of z0 used for logartihmic
	312	!-- interpolation. Note: this is not exact for heterogeneous z0.
	313	!-- However, sensitivity studies showed that the effect is
	314	!-- negligible.
	315	z0_av_local = SUM( z0(nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1359]	316	z0_av_global = 0.0_wp
[1314]	317
[1320]	318	#if defined( __parallel )
[1314]	319	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE(z0_av_local, z0_av_global, 1, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, &
	320	comm2d, ierr )
[1320]	321	#else
	322	z0_av_global = z0_av_local
	323	#endif
[1314]	324
	325	z0_av_global = z0_av_global / ( ( ny + 1 ) * ( nx + 1 ) )
	326	!
	327	!-- Horizontal wind speed is zero below and at z0
[1359]	328	log_z_z0(0) = 0.0_wp
[1314]	329	!
	330	!-- Calculate vertical depth of the sublayers
[1322]	331	height_int = ( z_p - z0_av_global ) / REAL( number_of_sublayers, KIND=wp )
[1314]	332	!
	333	!-- Precalculate LOG(z/z0)
[1359]	334	height_p = 0.0_wp
[1314]	335	DO k = 1, number_of_sublayers
	336
	337	height_p = height_p + height_int
	338	log_z_z0(k) = LOG( height_p / z0_av_global )
	339
	340	ENDDO
	341
	342
	343	ENDIF
	344
	345	!
[1359]	346	!-- Check boundary condition and set internal variables
	347	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_b )
	348
	349	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	350	ibc_par_b = 1
	351
	352	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	353	ibc_par_b = 2
	354
	355	CASE DEFAULT
	356	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	357	'bc_par_b = "', TRIM( bc_par_b ), '"'
	358	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0217', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	359
	360	END SELECT
	361	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_t )
	362
	363	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	364	ibc_par_t = 1
	365
	366	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	367	ibc_par_t = 2
	368
	369	CASE DEFAULT
	370	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	371	'bc_par_t = "', TRIM( bc_par_t ), '"'
	372	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0218', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	373
	374	END SELECT
	375	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_lr )
	376
	377	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	378	ibc_par_lr = 0
	379
	380	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	381	ibc_par_lr = 1
	382
	383	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	384	ibc_par_lr = 2
	385
	386	CASE DEFAULT
	387	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	388	'bc_par_lr = "', TRIM( bc_par_lr ), '"'
	389	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0219', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	390
	391	END SELECT
	392	SELECT CASE ( bc_par_ns )
	393
	394	CASE ( 'cyclic' )
	395	ibc_par_ns = 0
	396
	397	CASE ( 'absorb' )
	398	ibc_par_ns = 1
	399
	400	CASE ( 'reflect' )
	401	ibc_par_ns = 2
	402
	403	CASE DEFAULT
	404	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown boundary condition ', &
	405	'bc_par_ns = "', TRIM( bc_par_ns ), '"'
	406	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0220', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
	407
	408	END SELECT
	409
	410	!
[828]	411	!-- Initialize collision kernels
	412	IF ( collision_kernel /= 'none' ) CALL init_kernels
	413
	414	!
[1]	415	!-- For the first model run of a possible job chain initialize the
[849]	416	!-- particles, otherwise read the particle data from restart file.
[1]	417	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' &
	418	.AND. read_particles_from_restartfile ) THEN
	419
[849]	420	CALL lpm_read_restart_file
[1]	421
	422	ELSE
	423
	424	!
	425	!-- Allocate particle arrays and set attributes of the initial set of
	426	!-- particles, which can be also periodically released at later times.
[1359]	427	ALLOCATE( prt_count(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
	428	grid_particles(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr) )
[1]	429
[1359]	430	maximum_number_of_particles = 0
	431	number_of_particles = 0
[792]	432
	433	sort_count = 0
[1359]	434	prt_count = 0
[792]	435
[1]	436	!
	437	!-- Initialize all particles with dummy values (otherwise errors may
	438	!-- occur within restart runs). The reason for this is still not clear
	439	!-- and may be presumably caused by errors in the respective user-interface.
[1359]	440	zero_particle = particle_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	441	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	442	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
	443	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0, 0, 0, &
	444	0, .FALSE., -1)
[1822]	445
[1359]	446	particle_groups = particle_groups_type( 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp )
[1]	447
	448	!
	449	!-- Set values for the density ratio and radius for all particle
	450	!-- groups, if necessary
[1359]	451	IF ( density_ratio(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) density_ratio(1) = 0.0_wp
	452	IF ( radius(1) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(1) = 0.0_wp
[1]	453	DO i = 2, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	454	IF ( density_ratio(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
[1]	455	density_ratio(i) = density_ratio(i-1)
	456	ENDIF
[1359]	457	IF ( radius(i) == 9999999.9_wp ) radius(i) = radius(i-1)
[1]	458	ENDDO
	459
	460	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
[1359]	461	IF ( density_ratio(i) /= 0.0_wp .AND. radius(i) == 0 ) THEN
[254]	462	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'particle group #', i, 'has a', &
	463	'density ratio /= 0 but radius = 0'
[849]	464	CALL message( 'lpm_init', 'PA0215', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
[1]	465	ENDIF
	466	particle_groups(i)%density_ratio = density_ratio(i)
	467	particle_groups(i)%radius = radius(i)
	468	ENDDO
	469
	470	!
[1359]	471	!-- Set a seed value for the random number generator to be exclusively
	472	!-- used for the particle code. The generated random numbers should be
	473	!-- different on the different PEs.
	474	iran_part = iran_part + myid
	475
[1725]	476	CALL lpm_create_particle (PHASE_INIT)
	477
[1359]	478	!
	479	!-- User modification of initial particles
	480	CALL user_lpm_init
	481
	482	!
	483	!-- Open file for statistical informations about particle conditions
	484	IF ( write_particle_statistics ) THEN
	485	CALL check_open( 80 )
	486	WRITE ( 80, 8000 ) current_timestep_number, simulated_time, &
	487	number_of_particles, &
	488	maximum_number_of_particles
	489	CALL close_file( 80 )
	490	ENDIF
	491
	492	ENDIF
	493
	494	!
	495	!-- To avoid programm abort, assign particles array to the local version of
	496	!-- first grid cell
	497	number_of_particles = prt_count(nzb+1,nys,nxl)
	498	particles => grid_particles(nzb+1,nys,nxl)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	499
	500	!
	501	!-- Formats
	502	8000 FORMAT (I6,1X,F7.2,4X,I10,71X,I10)
	503
	504	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init
	505
[1682]	506	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	507	! Description:
	508	! ------------
	509	!> @todo Missing subroutine description.
	510	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1359]	511	SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle (phase)
	512
	513	USE lpm_exchange_horiz_mod, &
	514	ONLY: lpm_exchange_horiz, lpm_move_particle, realloc_particles_array
	515
	516	USE lpm_pack_arrays_mod, &
	517	ONLY: lpm_pack_all_arrays
	518
[1871]	519	USE particle_attributes, &
	520	ONLY: monodisperse_aerosols
	521
[1359]	522	IMPLICIT NONE
	523
[1682]	524	INTEGER(iwp) :: alloc_size !<
	525	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
	526	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	527	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
	528	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	529	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	530	INTEGER(iwp) :: loop_stride !<
	531	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	532	INTEGER(iwp) :: new_size !<
[1359]	533
[1682]	534	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: phase !<
[1359]	535
[1682]	536	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_count !<
	537	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) :: local_start !<
[1359]	538
[1682]	539	LOGICAL :: first_stride !<
[1359]	540
[1682]	541	REAL(wp) :: pos_x !<
	542	REAL(wp) :: pos_y !<
	543	REAL(wp) :: pos_z !<
[1359]	544
[1682]	545	TYPE(particle_type),TARGET :: tmp_particle !<
[1359]	546
	547	!
	548	!-- Calculate particle positions and store particle attributes, if
	549	!-- particle is situated on this PE
	550	DO loop_stride = 1, 2
	551	first_stride = (loop_stride == 1)
	552	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	553	local_count = 0 ! count number of particles
	554	ELSE
	555	local_count = prt_count ! Start address of new particles
	556	ENDIF
	557
[1]	558	n = 0
	559	DO i = 1, number_of_particle_groups
	560
	561	pos_z = psb(i)
	562
	563	DO WHILE ( pos_z <= pst(i) )
	564
	565	pos_y = pss(i)
	566
	567	DO WHILE ( pos_y <= psn(i) )
	568
[1359]	569	IF ( pos_y >= ( nys - 0.5_wp ) * dy .AND. &
	570	pos_y < ( nyn + 0.5_wp ) * dy ) THEN
[1]	571
	572	pos_x = psl(i)
	573
[1575]	574	xloop: DO WHILE ( pos_x <= psr(i) )
[1]	575
[1359]	576	IF ( pos_x >= ( nxl - 0.5_wp ) * dx .AND. &
	577	pos_x < ( nxr + 0.5_wp ) * dx ) THEN
[1]	578
	579	DO j = 1, particles_per_point
	580
	581	n = n + 1
[1359]	582	tmp_particle%x = pos_x
	583	tmp_particle%y = pos_y
	584	tmp_particle%z = pos_z
	585	tmp_particle%age = 0.0_wp
	586	tmp_particle%age_m = 0.0_wp
	587	tmp_particle%dt_sum = 0.0_wp
[1822]	588	tmp_particle%dvrp_psize = 0.0_wp !unused
[1359]	589	tmp_particle%e_m = 0.0_wp
[824]	590	IF ( curvature_solution_effects ) THEN
	591	!
	592	!-- Initial values (internal timesteps, derivative)
	593	!-- for Rosenbrock method
[1871]	594	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 1.0E-6_wp !last Rosenbrock timestep
	595	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.1E-6_wp !dry aerosol radius
	596	tmp_particle%rvar3 = -9999999.9_wp !unused
[824]	597	ELSE
	598	!
	599	!-- Initial values for SGS velocities
[1359]	600	tmp_particle%rvar1 = 0.0_wp
	601	tmp_particle%rvar2 = 0.0_wp
	602	tmp_particle%rvar3 = 0.0_wp
[824]	603	ENDIF
[1359]	604	tmp_particle%speed_x = 0.0_wp
	605	tmp_particle%speed_y = 0.0_wp
	606	tmp_particle%speed_z = 0.0_wp
	607	tmp_particle%origin_x = pos_x
	608	tmp_particle%origin_y = pos_y
	609	tmp_particle%origin_z = pos_z
	610	tmp_particle%radius = particle_groups(i)%radius
	611	tmp_particle%weight_factor = initial_weighting_factor
	612	tmp_particle%class = 1
	613	tmp_particle%group = i
[1822]	614	tmp_particle%tailpoints = 0 !unused
[1359]	615	tmp_particle%particle_mask = .TRUE.
[1822]	616	tmp_particle%tail_id = 0 !unused
	617
[1]	618	!
[1575]	619	!-- Determine the grid indices of the particle position
[1359]	620	ip = ( tmp_particle%x + 0.5_wp * dx ) * ddx
	621	jp = ( tmp_particle%y + 0.5_wp * dy ) * ddy
[1685]	622	kp = tmp_particle%z / dz + 1 + offset_ocean_nzt
[1]	623
[1575]	624	IF ( seed_follows_topography ) THEN
	625	!
	626	!-- Particle height is given relative to topography
	627	kp = kp + nzb_w_inner(jp,ip)
	628	tmp_particle%z = tmp_particle%z + zw(kp)
	629	IF ( kp > nzt ) THEN
	630	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	631	CYCLE xloop
	632	ENDIF
	633	ENDIF
	634
[1359]	635	local_count(kp,jp,ip) = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + 1
	636	IF ( .NOT. first_stride ) THEN
	637	IF ( ip < nxl .OR. jp < nys .OR. kp < nzb+1 ) THEN
	638	write(6,*) 'xl ',ip,jp,kp,nxl,nys,nzb+1
	639	ENDIF
	640	IF ( ip > nxr .OR. jp > nyn .OR. kp > nzt ) THEN
	641	write(6,*) 'xu ',ip,jp,kp,nxr,nyn,nzt
	642	ENDIF
	643	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(local_count(kp,jp,ip)) = tmp_particle
	644	ENDIF
[1]	645	ENDDO
	646
	647	ENDIF
	648
	649	pos_x = pos_x + pdx(i)
	650
[1575]	651	ENDDO xloop
[1]	652
	653	ENDIF
	654
	655	pos_y = pos_y + pdy(i)
	656
	657	ENDDO
	658
	659	pos_z = pos_z + pdz(i)
	660
	661	ENDDO
	662
	663	ENDDO
	664
[1359]	665	IF ( first_stride ) THEN
	666	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	667	DO jp = nys, nyn
	668	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	669	IF ( phase == PHASE_INIT ) THEN
	670	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	671	alloc_size = MAX( INT( local_count(kp,jp,ip) * &
	672	( 1.0_wp + alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), &
	673	min_nr_particle )
	674	ELSE
	675	alloc_size = min_nr_particle
	676	ENDIF
	677	ALLOCATE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:alloc_size))
	678	DO n = 1, alloc_size
	679	grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(n) = zero_particle
	680	ENDDO
	681	ELSEIF ( phase == PHASE_RELEASE ) THEN
	682	IF ( local_count(kp,jp,ip) > 0 ) THEN
	683	new_size = local_count(kp,jp,ip) + prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	684	alloc_size = MAX( INT( new_size * ( 1.0_wp + &
	685	alloc_factor / 100.0_wp ) ), min_nr_particle )
	686	IF( alloc_size > SIZE( grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles) ) THEN
	687	CALL realloc_particles_array(ip,jp,kp,alloc_size)
	688	ENDIF
	689	ENDIF
	690	ENDIF
	691	ENDDO
	692	ENDDO
	693	ENDDO
	694	ENDIF
	695	ENDDO
[1]	696
[1359]	697	local_start = prt_count+1
	698	prt_count = local_count
[1871]	699
[1]	700	!
[1871]	701	!-- Initialize aerosol background spectrum
	702	IF ( curvature_solution_effects .AND. .NOT. monodisperse_aerosols ) THEN
	703	CALL lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	704	ENDIF
	705
	706	!
[1359]	707	!-- Add random fluctuation to particle positions
	708	IF ( random_start_position ) THEN
	709	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	710	DO jp = nys, nyn
	711	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	712	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	713	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	714	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
[1]	715
[1359]	716	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !Move only new particles
	717	IF ( psl(particles(n)%group) /= psr(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
	718	particles(n)%x = particles(n)%x + &
	719	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	720	pdx(particles(n)%group)
	721	ENDIF
	722	IF ( pss(particles(n)%group) /= psn(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
	723	particles(n)%y = particles(n)%y + &
	724	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	725	pdy(particles(n)%group)
	726	ENDIF
	727	IF ( psb(particles(n)%group) /= pst(particles(n)%group) ) THEN
	728	particles(n)%z = particles(n)%z + &
	729	( random_function( iran_part ) - 0.5_wp ) * &
	730	pdz(particles(n)%group)
	731	ENDIF
	732	ENDDO
[1]	733	!
[1359]	734	!-- Identify particles located outside the model domain
	735	CALL lpm_boundary_conds( 'bottom/top' )
	736	ENDDO
	737	ENDDO
	738	ENDDO
[1]	739	!
[1359]	740	!-- Exchange particles between grid cells and processors
	741	CALL lpm_move_particle
	742	CALL lpm_exchange_horiz
[1]	743
[1359]	744	ENDIF
[1]	745	!
[1359]	746	!-- In case of random_start_position, delete particles identified by
	747	!-- lpm_exchange_horiz and lpm_boundary_conds. Then sort particles into blocks,
	748	!-- which is needed for a fast interpolation of the LES fields on the particle
	749	!-- position.
	750	CALL lpm_pack_all_arrays
[1]	751
	752	!
[1359]	753	!-- Determine maximum number of particles (i.e., all possible particles that
	754	!-- have been allocated) and the current number of particles
	755	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	756	DO jp = nys, nyn
	757	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	758	maximum_number_of_particles = maximum_number_of_particles &
	759	+ SIZE(grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles)
	760	number_of_particles = number_of_particles &
	761	+ prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
[1]	762	ENDDO
[1359]	763	ENDDO
	764	ENDDO
[1]	765	!
[1822]	766	!-- Calculate the number of particles of the total domain
[1]	767	#if defined( __parallel )
[1359]	768	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	769	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( number_of_particles, total_number_of_particles, 1, &
	770	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
[1]	771	#else
[1359]	772	total_number_of_particles = number_of_particles
[1]	773	#endif
	774
[1359]	775	RETURN
[1]	776
[1359]	777	END SUBROUTINE lpm_create_particle
[336]	778
[1871]	779	SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols(local_start)
	780
	781	USE arrays_3d, &
	782	ONLY: hyp, pt, q
	783
	784	USE cloud_parameters, &
	785	ONLY: l_d_rv, rho_l
	786
	787	USE constants, &
	788	ONLY: pi
	789
	790	USE kinds
	791
	792	USE particle_attributes, &
	793	ONLY: init_aerosol_probabilistic, molecular_weight_of_solute, &
	794	molecular_weight_of_water, n1, n2, n3, rho_s, rm1, rm2, rm3, &
	795	s1, s2, s3, vanthoff
	796
	797	IMPLICIT NONE
	798
	799	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: cdf !< CDF of aerosol spectrum
	800	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: r_temp !< dry aerosol radius spectrum
	801
	802	REAL(wp) :: bfactor !< solute effects
	803	REAL(wp) :: dr !< width of radius bin
	804	REAL(wp) :: e_a !< vapor pressure
	805	REAL(wp) :: e_s !< saturation vapor pressure
	806	REAL(wp) :: n_init !< sum of all aerosol concentrations
	807	REAL(wp) :: pdf !< PDF of aerosol spectrum
	808	REAL(wp) :: rmin = 1.0e-8_wp !< minimum aerosol radius
	809	REAL(wp) :: rmax = 1.0e-6_wp !< maximum aerosol radius
	810	REAL(wp) :: rs_rand !< random number
	811	REAL(wp) :: r_mid !< mean radius
	812	REAL(wp) :: t_int !< temperature
	813	REAL(wp) :: weight_sum !< sum of all weighting factors
	814
[1890]	815	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), INTENT(IN) :: local_start !<
[1871]	816
	817	INTEGER(iwp) :: n !<
	818	INTEGER(iwp) :: nn !<
	819	INTEGER(iwp) :: no_bins = 999 !< number of bins
	820	INTEGER(iwp) :: ip !<
	821	INTEGER(iwp) :: jp !<
	822	INTEGER(iwp) :: kp !<
	823
	824	LOGICAL :: new_pdf = .FALSE. !< check if aerosol PDF has to be recalculated
	825
	826	!
	827	!-- Compute aerosol background distribution
	828	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	829	ALLOCATE( cdf(0:no_bins), r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	830	DO n = 0, no_bins
	831	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	832	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	833
	834	cdf(n) = 0.0_wp
	835	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	836	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	837	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n1 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	838	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm1 ) / &
	839	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s1) ) &
	840	) )
	841	ENDIF
	842	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	843	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n2 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	844	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm2 ) / &
	845	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s2) ) &
	846	) )
	847	ENDIF
	848	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	849	cdf(n) = cdf(n) + n3 / n_init * ( 0.5_wp + 0.5_wp * &
	850	ERF( LOG( r_temp(n) / rm3 ) / &
	851	( SQRT(2.0_wp) * LOG(s3) ) &
	852	) )
	853	ENDIF
	854
	855	ENDDO
	856	ENDIF
	857
	858	DO ip = nxl, nxr
	859	DO jp = nys, nyn
	860	DO kp = nzb+1, nzt
	861
	862	number_of_particles = prt_count(kp,jp,ip)
	863	IF ( number_of_particles <= 0 ) CYCLE
	864	particles => grid_particles(kp,jp,ip)%particles(1:number_of_particles)
	865	!
	866	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined spectral distribution
	867	!-- of the dry radius (logarithmically increasing bins) and a varying
	868	!-- weighting factor
	869	IF ( .NOT. init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	870
	871	new_pdf = .FALSE.
	872	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_temp ) ) THEN
	873	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	874	ELSE
	875	IF ( SIZE( r_temp ) .NE. &
	876	number_of_particles - local_start(kp,jp,ip) + 2 ) THEN
	877	new_pdf = .TRUE.
	878	DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	879	ENDIF
	880	ENDIF
	881
	882	IF ( new_pdf ) THEN
	883
	884	no_bins = number_of_particles + 1 - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	885	ALLOCATE( r_temp(0:no_bins) )
	886
	887	DO n = 0, no_bins
	888	r_temp(n) = EXP( LOG(rmin) + ( LOG(rmax) - LOG(rmin ) ) / &
	889	REAL(no_bins, KIND=wp) * &
	890	REAL(n, KIND=wp) )
	891	ENDDO
	892
	893	ENDIF
	894
	895	!
	896	!-- Calculate radius and concentration of each aerosol
	897	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles
	898
	899	nn = n - local_start(kp,jp,ip)
	900
	901	r_mid = SQRT( r_temp(nn) * r_temp(nn+1) )
	902	dr = r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn)
	903
	904	pdf = 0.0_wp
	905	n_init = n1 + n2 + n3
	906	IF ( n1 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	907	pdf = pdf + n1 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s1) * &
	908	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	909	) * &
	910	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm1 ) )**2 / &
	911	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s1)**2 ) &
	912	) &
	913	)
	914	ENDIF
	915	IF ( n2 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	916	pdf = pdf + n2 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s2) * &
	917	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	918	) * &
	919	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm2 ) )**2 / &
	920	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s2)**2 ) &
	921	) &
	922	)
	923	ENDIF
	924	IF ( n3 > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	925	pdf = pdf + n3 / n_init * ( 1.0_wp / ( r_mid * LOG(s3) * &
	926	SQRT( 2.0_wp * pi ) &
	927	) * &
	928	EXP( -( LOG( r_mid / rm3 ) )**2 / &
	929	( 2.0_wp * LOG(s3)**2 ) &
	930	) &
	931	)
	932	ENDIF
	933
	934	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_mid
	935	particles(n)%weight_factor = pdf * dr
	936
	937	END DO
	938	!
	939	!-- Adjust weighting factors to initialize the same number of aerosols
	940	!-- in every grid box
	941	weight_sum = SUM(particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor)
	942
	943	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor = &
	944	particles(local_start(kp,jp,ip):number_of_particles)%weight_factor / &
	945	weight_sum * initial_weighting_factor * ( no_bins + 1 )
	946
	947	ENDIF
	948	!
	949	!-- Initialize the aerosols with a predefined weighting factor but
	950	!-- a randomly choosen dry radius
	951	IF ( init_aerosol_probabilistic ) THEN
	952
	953	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	954
	955	rs_rand = -1.0_wp
	956	DO WHILE ( rs_rand .LT. cdf(0) .OR. rs_rand .GE. cdf(no_bins) )
	957	rs_rand = random_function( iran_part )
	958	ENDDO
	959	!
	960	!-- Determine aerosol dry radius by a random number generator
	961	DO nn = 0, no_bins-1
	962	IF ( cdf(nn) .LE. rs_rand .AND. cdf(nn+1) .GT. rs_rand ) THEN
	963	particles(n)%rvar2 = r_temp(nn) + ( r_temp(nn+1) - r_temp(nn) ) / &
	964	( cdf(nn+1) - cdf(nn) ) * ( rs_rand - cdf(nn) )
	965	EXIT
	966	ENDIF
	967	ENDDO
	968
	969	ENDDO
	970
	971	ENDIF
	972
	973	!
	974	!-- Set particle radius to equilibrium radius based on the environmental
	975	!-- supersaturation (Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2007, JGR). This avoids
	976	!-- the sometimes lengthy growth toward their equilibrium radius within
	977	!-- the simulation.
	978	t_int = pt(kp,jp,ip) * ( hyp(kp) / 100000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	979
	980	e_s = 611.0_wp * EXP( l_d_rv * ( 3.6609E-3_wp - 1.0_wp / t_int ) )
	981	e_a = q(kp,jp,ip) * hyp(kp) / ( 0.378_wp * q(kp,jp,ip) + 0.622_wp )
	982
	983	!
[1890]	984	!-- The formula is only valid for subsaturated environments. For
	985	!-- supersaturations higher than -1 %, the supersaturation is set to -1%.
	986	IF ( e_a / e_s < 0.99_wp ) THEN
[1871]	987
	988	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	989
	990	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	991	rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 / &
	992	( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
	993	particles(n)%radius = particles(n)%rvar2 * ( bfactor / &
	994	particles(n)%rvar23 )(1.0_wp/3.0_wp) *&
	995	( 1.0_wp - e_a / e_s )**(-1.0_wp/3.0_wp)
	996
	997	ENDDO
	998
[1890]	999	ELSE
	1000
	1001	DO n = local_start(kp,jp,ip), number_of_particles !only new particles
	1002
	1003	bfactor = vanthoff * molecular_weight_of_water * &
	1004	rho_s * particles(n)%rvar2**3 / &
	1005	( molecular_weight_of_solute * rho_l )
	1006	particles(n)%radius = particles(n)%rvar2 * ( bfactor / &
	1007	particles(n)%rvar23 )(1.0_wp/3.0_wp) *&
	1008	0.01_wp**(-1.0_wp/3.0_wp)
	1009
	1010	ENDDO
	1011
[1871]	1012	ENDIF
	1013
	1014	ENDDO
	1015	ENDDO
	1016	ENDDO
	1017	!
	1018	!-- Deallocate used arrays
	1019	IF ( ALLOCATED(r_temp) ) DEALLOCATE( r_temp )
	1020	IF ( ALLOCATED(cdf) ) DEALLOCATE( cdf )
	1021
	1022	END SUBROUTINE lpm_init_aerosols
	1023
[1359]	1024	END MODULE lpm_init_mod

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