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1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 2247 2017-06-06 13:14:27Z sward $
27	!
28	! 2246 2017-06-06 13:09:34Z sward
29	! Error no changed
30	!
31	! Changed soil configuration to 8 layers. The number of soil layers is now
32	! freely adjustable via the NAMELIST.
33	!
34	! 2237 2017-05-31 10:34:53Z suehring
35	! Bugfix in write restart data
36	!
37	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
38	!
39	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
40	! Adjustments to new topography and surface concept
41	! - now, also vertical walls are possible
42	! - for vertical walls, parametrization of r_a (aerodynamic resisistance) is
43	! implemented.
44	!
45	! Add check for soil moisture, it must not exceed its saturation value.
46	!
47	! 2149 2017-02-09 16:57:03Z scharf
48	! Land surface parameters II corrected for veg_type 18 and 19
49	!
50	! 2031 2016-10-21 15:11:58Z knoop
51	! renamed variable rho to rho_ocean
52	!
53	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
54	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
55	!
56	! 1978 2016-07-29 12:08:31Z maronga
57	! Bugfix: initial values of pave_surface and water_surface were not set.
58	!
59	! 1976 2016-07-27 13:28:04Z maronga
60	! Parts of the code have been reformatted. Use of radiation model output is
61	! generalized and simplified. Added more output quantities due to modularization
62	!
63	! 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga
64	! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this
65	! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module.
66	!
67	!
68	! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga
69	! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start
70	!
71	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
72	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
73	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
74	!
75	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
76	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
77	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
78	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
79	!
80	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
81	! prr moved to arrays_3d
82	!
83	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
84	! Cleanup after modularization
85	!
86	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
87	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
88	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
89	!
90	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
91	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
92	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
93	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
94	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
95	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
96	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
97	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
98	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
99	! Syntax layout improved.
100	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
101	!
102	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
103	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
104	!
105	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
106	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
107	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
108	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
109	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
110	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
111	!
112	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
113	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
114	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
115	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
116	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
117	! Added todo action
118	!
119	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
120	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
121	!
122	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
123	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
124	! Replaced rif with ol
125	!
126	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
127	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
128	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
129	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
130	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
131	!
132	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
133	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
134	!
135	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
136	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
137	!
138	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
139	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
140	!
141	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
142	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
143	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
144	!
145	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
146	! Added output of r_a and r_s
147	!
148	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
149	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
150	! profile
151	!
152	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
153	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
154	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
155	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
156	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
157	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
158	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
159	! calculation
160	!
161	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
162	!
163	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
164	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
165	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
166	! Added support for dry runs.
167	!
168	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
169	! Initial revision
170	!
171	!
172	! Description:
173	! ------------
174	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
175	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
176	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
177	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
178	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
179	!>
180	!> @todo Restart data for vertical natural land-surfaces
181	!> @todo Extensive verification energy-balance solver for vertical surfaces,
182	!> e.g. parametrization of r_a
183	!> @todo Revise single land-surface processes for vertical surfaces, e.g.
184	!> treatment of humidity, etc.
185	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
186	!> skin layer.
187	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
188	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
189	!> nzt_soil=3)).
190	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
191	!> with considerable precipitation.
192	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
193	!>
194	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
195	!> become too thin.
196	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
197	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
198
199	USE arrays_3d, &
200	ONLY: hyp, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, vpt, u, v, w
201
202	USE cloud_parameters, &
203	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
204
205	USE control_parameters, &
206	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
207	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
208	land_surface, max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
209	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
210	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
211
212	USE indices, &
213	ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nzb
214
215	USE kinds
216
217	USE pegrid
218
219	USE radiation_model_mod, &
220	ONLY: force_radiation_call, rad_net, rad_sw_in, rad_lw_out, &
221	rad_lw_out_change_0, radiation_scheme, unscheduled_radiation_calls
222
223	USE statistics, &
224	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
225
226	USE surface_mod, &
227	ONLY : surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type
228
229	IMPLICIT NONE
230
231	TYPE surf_type_lsm
232	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_1D !< 1D prognostic variable
233	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_2D !< 2D prognostic variable
234	END TYPE surf_type_lsm
235
236	!
237	!-- LSM model constants
238
239	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
240	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
241	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
242	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
243	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
244	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
245	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
246	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
247	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
248
249
250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: zs_default = & ! default soil layer configuration
251	(/ 0.005_wp, 0.02_wp, 0.04_wp, &
252	0.07_wp, 0.15_wp, 0.28_wp, &
253	1.00_wp, 2.89_wp /)
254
255
256	!
257	!-- LSM variables
258	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (Earth's surface)
259	nzt_soil = 0, & !< top of the soil model
260	nzs = 0, & !< number of soil layers
261	veg_type = 2, & !< default NAMELIST veg_type_2d
262	soil_type = 3 !< default NAMELIST soil_type_2d
263
264
265	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
266	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag to force calling of radiation routine
267	aero_resist_kray = .TRUE. !< flag to control parametrization of aerodynamic resistance at vertical surface elements
268
269	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
270	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
271	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
272	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
273	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
274	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
275	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
276	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
277	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
278	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
279	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
280	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
281	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
282	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
283	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
284	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
285	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
286	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
287	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
288	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
289	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
290	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
291	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
292	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
293	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
294	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
295	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
296	rho_lv, & !< rho_ocean * l_v
297	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
298	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
299	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
300	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
301	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
302	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
303	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
304	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
305
306	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
307	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
308	dz_soil, & !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
309	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
310	root_extr !< root extraction
311
312
313
314	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:20) :: root_fraction = 9999999.9_wp, & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
315	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST soil moisture content (m3/m3)
316	soil_temperature = 300.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST soil temperature (K) +1
317	zs = 9999999.9_wp !< soil layer depths
318
319	#if defined( __nopointer )
320	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
321	t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
322	m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
323	m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
324
325	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
326	t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
327	t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
328	m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
329	m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
330	#else
331	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
332	t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
333	m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
334	m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements
335
336	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h_1, & !<
337	t_soil_h_2, & !<
338	m_soil_h_1, & !<
339	m_soil_h_2 !<
340
341	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: &
342	t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
343	t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements
344	m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
345	m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements
346
347	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET ::&
348	t_soil_v_1, & !<
349	t_soil_v_2, & !<
350	m_soil_v_1, & !<
351	m_soil_v_2 !<
352	#endif
353
354	#if defined( __nopointer )
355	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
356	t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
357	m_liq_eb_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
358	m_liq_eb_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
359
360	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
361	t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
362	t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
363	m_liq_eb_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
364	m_liq_eb_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
365	#else
366	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
367	t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements
368	m_liq_eb_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
369	m_liq_eb_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements
370
371	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h_1, & !<
372	t_surface_h_2, & !<
373	m_liq_eb_h_1, & !<
374	m_liq_eb_h_2 !<
375
376	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: &
377	t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
378	t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements
379	m_liq_eb_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
380	m_liq_eb_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements
381
382	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: &
383	t_surface_v_1, & !<
384	t_surface_v_2, & !<
385	m_liq_eb_v_1, & !<
386	m_liq_eb_v_2 !<
387	#endif
388
389	#if defined( __nopointer )
390	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_eb_av
391	#else
392	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_eb_av
393	#endif
394
395	#if defined( __nopointer )
396	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
397	m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil
398	#else
399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
400	m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil
401	#endif
402
403	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_liq_eb_h_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), horizontal surface elements
404	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_surface_h_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), horizontal surface elements
405	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_soil_h_m !< t_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements
406	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_soil_h_m !< m_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements
407
408	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_liq_eb_v_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), vertical surface elements
409	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_surface_v_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), vertical surface elements
410	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_soil_v_m !< t_soil storage array, vertical surface elements
411	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_soil_v_m !< m_soil storage array, vertical surface elements
412
413	!
414	!-- Energy balance variables
415	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
416	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
417	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
418	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
419	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
420	lai_av, & !< average of lai
421	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
422	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
423	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
424	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
425	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
426	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
427	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
428
429
430	!
431	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
432	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
433	'user defined ', & ! 0
434	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
435	'short grass ', & ! 2
436	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
437	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
438	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
439	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
440	'tall grass ', & ! 7
441	'desert ', & ! 8
442	'tundra ', & ! 9
443	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
444	'semidesert ', & ! 11
445	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
446	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
447	'inland water ', & ! 14
448	'ocean ', & ! 15
449	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
450	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
451	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
452	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
453	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
454	/)
455
456	!
457	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
458	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
459	'user defined', & ! 0
460	'coarse ', & ! 1
461	'medium ', & ! 2
462	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
463	'fine ', & ! 4
464	'very fine ', & ! 5
465	'organic ', & ! 6
466	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
467	/)
468	!
469	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
470
471	!
472	!-- Land surface parameters I
473	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
474	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
475	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
476	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
477	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
478	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
479	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
480	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
481	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
482	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
483	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
484	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
485	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
486	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
487	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
488	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
489	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
490	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
491	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
492	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
493	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
494	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
495	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
496
497	!
498	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
499	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
500	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
501	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
502	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
503	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
504	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
505	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
506	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
507	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
508	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
509	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
510	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
511	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
512	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
513	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
514	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
515	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
516	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
517	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 18
518	1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, & ! 19
519	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
520	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
521
522	!
523	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
524	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
525	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
526	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
527	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
528	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
529	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
530	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
531	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
532	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
533	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
534	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
535	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
536	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
537	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
538	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
539	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
540	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
541	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
542	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
543	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
544	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
545	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
546
547	!
548	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1-8
549	!--
550	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/&
551	0.035_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.108_wp, &
552	0.195_wp, 0.214_wp, 0.284_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 1
553	0.050_wp, 0.100_wp, 0.100_wp, 0.136_wp, &
554	0.181_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.215_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 2
555	0.038_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.111_wp, &
556	0.185_wp, 0.203_wp, 0.273_wp, 0.040_wp, & ! 3
557	0.038_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.110_wp, &
558	0.180_wp, 0.199_wp, 0.277_wp, 0.046_wp, & ! 4
559	0.035_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.105_wp, &
560	0.180_wp, 0.201_wp, 0.295_wp, 0.046_wp, & ! 5
561	0.035_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.105_wp, &
562	0.161_wp, 0.180_wp, 0.282_wp, 0.093_wp, & ! 6
563	0.040_wp, 0.077_wp, 0.077_wp, 0.112_wp, &
564	0.176_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.266_wp, 0.060_wp, & ! 7
565	0.142_wp, 0.286_wp, 0.286_wp, 0.286_wp, &
566	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 8
567	0.068_wp, 0.134_wp, 0.134_wp, 0.177_wp, &
568	0.214_wp, 0.203_wp, 0.070_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 9
569	0.035_wp, 0.068_wp, 0.068_wp, 0.108_wp, &
570	0.195_wp, 0.215_wp, 0.285_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 10
571	0.025_wp, 0.048_wp, 0.048_wp, 0.078_wp, &
572	0.147_wp, 0.175_wp, 0.353_wp, 0.126_wp, & ! 11
573	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
574	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 12
575	0.036_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.103_wp, &
576	0.163_wp, 0.180_wp, 0.273_wp, 0.074_wp, & ! 13
577	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
578	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 14
579	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
580	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 15
581	0.032_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.100_wp, &
582	0.172_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.299_wp, 0.073_wp, & ! 16
583	0.032_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.100_wp, &
584	0.172_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.299_wp, 0.073_wp, & ! 17
585	0.028_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.087_wp, &
586	0.166_wp, 0.195_wp, 0.348_wp, 0.066_wp, & ! 18
587	0.028_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.087_wp, &
588	0.166_wp, 0.195_wp, 0.348_wp, 0.066_wp, & ! 19
589	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, &
590	0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 20
591	/), (/ 8, 20 /) )
592
593
594	!
595	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
596
597	!
598	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
599	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
600	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
601	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
602	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
603	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
604	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
605	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
606	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
607	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
608
609	!
610	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
611	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
612	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
613	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
614	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
615	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
616	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
617	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
618	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
619	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
620
621
622	SAVE
623
624
625	PRIVATE
626
627
628	!
629	!-- Public functions
630	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
631	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,&
632	lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, &
633	lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, &
634	lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions
635	!
636	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
637	PUBLIC aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm
638
639	!
640	!-- Public grid variables
641	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
642
643	!
644	!-- Public prognostic variables
645	PUBLIC m_soil_h, t_soil_h
646
647
648	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
649	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
650	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
651
652	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
653	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
654	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
655
656	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
657	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
658	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
659
660	INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
661	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging
662	END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
663
664	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
665	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d
666	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
667
668	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
669	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d
670	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
671
672	INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
673	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
674	END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
675
676	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
677	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
678	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
679
680	INTERFACE lsm_header
681	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
682	END INTERFACE lsm_header
683
684	INTERFACE lsm_init
685	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
686	END INTERFACE lsm_init
687
688	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
689	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
690	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
691
692	INTERFACE lsm_parin
693	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
694	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
695
696	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
697	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
698	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
699
700	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
701	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
702	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
703
704	INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
705	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data
706	END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
707
708	INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
709	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions
710	END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
711
712	CONTAINS
713
714	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
715	! Description:
716	! ------------
717	!> Check data output for land surface model
718	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
719	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
720
721
722	USE control_parameters, &
723	ONLY: data_output, message_string
724
725	IMPLICIT NONE
726
727	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
728	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
729
730	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
731	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
732	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
733
734	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
735
736	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
737	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
738	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
739	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
740	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
741	ENDIF
742	unit = 'm3/m3'
743
744	CASE ( 't_soil' )
745	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
746	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
747	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
748	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
749	ENDIF
750	unit = 'K'
751
752	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
753	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
754	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
755	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
756	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
757	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
758	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
759	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
760	ENDIF
761	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
762	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
763	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
764	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
765	ENDIF
766	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
767	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
768	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
769	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
770	ENDIF
771	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
772	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
773	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
774	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
775	ENDIF
776	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
777	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
778	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
779	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
780	ENDIF
781	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
782	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
783	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
784	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
785	ENDIF
786	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
787	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
788	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
789	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
790	ENDIF
791	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
792	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
793	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
794	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
795	ENDIF
796	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
797	THEN
798	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
799	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
800	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
801	ENDIF
802	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
803	THEN
804	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
805	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
806	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
807	ENDIF
808	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
809	THEN
810	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
811	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
812	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
813	ENDIF
814	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
815	THEN
816	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
817	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
818	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
819	ENDIF
820	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
821	THEN
822	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
823	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
824	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
825	ENDIF
826
827	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
828	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
829	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
830	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
831	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
832	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
833	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
834	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
835	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
836	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
837	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
838	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
839	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
840
841	CASE DEFAULT
842	unit = 'illegal'
843
844	END SELECT
845
846
847	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
848
849
850	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
851	! Description:
852	! ------------
853	!> Check data output of profiles for land surface model
854	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
855	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
856
857	USE control_parameters, &
858	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
859
860	USE indices
861
862	USE profil_parameter
863
864	USE statistics
865
866	IMPLICIT NONE
867
868	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
869	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
870	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
871
872	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
873	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
874
875	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
876
877	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
878	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
879	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
880	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
881	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
882	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
883	ELSE
884	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
885	dopr_unit = 'K'
886	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
887	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
888	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
889	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
890	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
891	ENDIF
892	unit = dopr_unit
893	ENDIF
894
895	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
896	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
897	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
898	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
899	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
900	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
901	ELSE
902	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
903	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
904	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
905	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
906	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
907	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
908	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
909	ENDIF
910	unit = dopr_unit
911	ENDIF
912
913
914	CASE DEFAULT
915	unit = 'illegal'
916
917	END SELECT
918
919
920	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
921
922
923	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
924	! Description:
925	! ------------
926	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
927	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
928	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
929
930	USE control_parameters, &
931	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
932	most_method
933
934	USE radiation_model_mod, &
935	ONLY: radiation
936
937
938	IMPLICIT NONE
939
940	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index, z-dimension
941	!
942	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
943	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
944	!-- model
945	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
946	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
947	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
948	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
949	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
950	ENDIF
951
952	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
953	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
954	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
955	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
956	ENDIF
957
958	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
959	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
960	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
961	'allowed in combination with ', &
962	'most_method = ', most_method
963	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
964	ENDIF
965
966	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
967	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
968	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
969	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
970	'/= 9999999.9'
971	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
972	ENDIF
973
974	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
975	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
976	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
977	'/= 9999999.9'
978	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
979	ENDIF
980
981	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
982	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
983	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
984	'/= 9999999.9'
985	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
986	ENDIF
987
988	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
989	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
990	'requires setting of'// &
991	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
992	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
993	ENDIF
994
995	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
996	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
997	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
998	'/= 9999999.9'
999	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1000	ENDIF
1001
1002	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1003	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1004	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
1005	'/= 9999999.9'
1006	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1007	ENDIF
1008
1009	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1010	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1011	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
1012	'/= 9999999.9'
1013	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1014	ENDIF
1015
1016	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1017	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1018	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
1019	'/= 9999999.9'
1020	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1021	ENDIF
1022
1023	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1024	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1025	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
1026	'/= 9999999.9'
1027	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1028	ENDIF
1029
1030
1031	ENDIF
1032
1033	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
1034
1035	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1036	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1037	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
1038	'/= 9999999.9'
1039	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1040	ENDIF
1041
1042	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1043	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1044	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
1045	'/= 9999999.9'
1046	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1047	ENDIF
1048
1049	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1050	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1051	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
1052	'/= 9999999.9'
1053	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1054	ENDIF
1055
1056	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1057	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1058	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
1059	'/= 9999999.9'
1060	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1061	ENDIF
1062
1063	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1064	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1065	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
1066	'/= 9999999.9'
1067	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1068	ENDIF
1069
1070	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1071	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1072	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
1073	'/= 9999999.9'
1074	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1075	ENDIF
1076
1077	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1078	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1079	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
1080	'/= 9999999.9'
1081	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1082	ENDIF
1083
1084	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1085	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1086	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
1087	'/= 9999999.9'
1088	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1089	ENDIF
1090
1091	ENDIF
1092	!
1093	!-- Check for proper setting of soil moisture, must not be larger than its
1094	!-- saturation value.
1095	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1096	IF ( soil_moisture(k) > m_soil_pars(0,soil_type) ) THEN
1097	message_string = 'soil_moisture must not exceed its saturation' // &
1098	' value'
1099	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1100	ENDIF
1101	ENDDO
1102
1103	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
1104	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
1105	'radiation = .T.'
1106	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1107	ENDIF
1108
1109
1110
1111	!
1112	!-- Determine number of soil layers to be used and check whether an appropriate
1113	!-- root fraction is prescribed
1114	nzb_soil = 0
1115	nzt_soil = 0
1116	IF ( ALL( zs == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
1117	nzt_soil = 7
1118	zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) = zs_default
1119	ELSE
1120	DO k = 0, 19
1121	IF ( zs(k) /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1122	nzt_soil = nzt_soil + 1
1123	IF ( root_fraction(k) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1124	message_string = 'manual setting of zs '// &
1125	'requires adequate setting of root_fraction'//&
1126	'/= 9999999.9 ' // &
1127	'and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
1128	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0452', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1129	ENDIF
1130	ENDIF
1131	ENDDO
1132	ENDIF
1133
1134	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
1135	IF ( SUM( root_fraction(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
1136	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1137	'requires setting of root_fraction'// &
1138	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
1139	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1140	ENDIF
1141	ENDIF
1142
1143
1144	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
1145
1146	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1147	! Description:
1148	! ------------
1149	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
1150	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1151	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance( horizontal, l )
1152
1153
1154	IMPLICIT NONE
1155
1156	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1157	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for x
1158	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1159	INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for y
1160	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1161	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for z
1162	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_rad !< index to access radiation array
1163	INTEGER(iwp) :: ks !< running index
1164	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-facing index
1165	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index concerning wall elements
1166
1167	LOGICAL :: horizontal !< Flag indicating horizontal or vertical surfaces
1168
1169	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
1170	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
1171	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
1172	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
1173	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
1174	e, & !< water vapour pressure
1175	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
1176	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
1177	tend, & !< tendency
1178	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
1179	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1180	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1181	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
1182	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
1183	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
1184	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
1185	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
1186	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
1187	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
1188	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
1189	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
1190
1191	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface
1192	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface_p
1193	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_surface_m
1194	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq_eb
1195	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq_eb_p
1196	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_liq_eb_m
1197
1198	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil
1199	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil
1200
1201	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable
1202
1203	IF ( horizontal ) THEN
1204	surf => surf_lsm_h
1205
1206	surf_t_surface => t_surface_h
1207	surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_h_p
1208	surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_h_m
1209	surf_m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_h
1210	surf_m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_h_p
1211	surf_tm_liq_eb_m => tm_liq_eb_h_m
1212	surf_m_soil => m_soil_h
1213	surf_t_soil => t_soil_h
1214
1215	k_off = -1
1216	j_off = 0
1217	i_off = 0
1218	ELSE
1219	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
1220
1221	surf_t_surface => t_surface_v(l)
1222	surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_v_p(l)
1223	surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_v_m(l)
1224	surf_m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_v(l)
1225	surf_m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_v_p(l)
1226	surf_tm_liq_eb_m => tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)
1227	surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l)
1228	surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l)
1229
1230	k_off = 0
1231	IF ( l == 0 ) THEN
1232	j_off = -1
1233	i_off = 0
1234	ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN
1235	j_off = 1
1236	i_off = 0
1237	ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN
1238	j_off = 0
1239	i_off = -1
1240	ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN
1241	j_off = 0
1242	i_off = 1
1243	ENDIF
1244	ENDIF
1245
1246	!
1247	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
1248	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1249
1250	DO m = 1, surf%ns
1251
1252	i = surf%i(m)
1253	j = surf%j(m)
1254	k = surf%k(m)
1255	!
1256	!-- Determine height index for radiation. Note, in clear-sky case radiation
1257	!-- arrays have rank 0 in first dimensions, so index must be zero. In case
1258	!-- of RRTMG radiation arrays have non-zero rank in first dimension, so that
1259	!-- radiation can be obtained at respective height level
1260	k_rad = MERGE( 0, k + k_off, radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' )
1261	!
1262	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
1263	IF ( .NOT. surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
1264
1265	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
1266
1267	IF ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) >= surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)) THEN
1268	lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_s(m)
1269	ELSE
1270	lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_u(m)
1271	ENDIF
1272	ELSE
1273
1274	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
1275	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
1276
1277	ENDIF
1278
1279	!
1280	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
1281	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
1282	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
1283	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
1284	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1285	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
1286	qv1 = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i)
1287	ELSE
1288	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
1289	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1290	qv1 = q(k,j,i)
1291	ELSE
1292	qv1 = 0.0_wp
1293	ENDIF
1294	ENDIF
1295	!
1296	!-- Calculate aerodynamical resistance. For horizontal and vertical
1297	!-- surfaces MOST is applied. Moreover, for vertical surfaces, resistance
1298	!-- can be obtain via parameterization of Mason (2000) /
1299	!-- Krayenhoff and Voogt (2006).
1300	!-- To do: detailed investigation which approach is better!
1301	IF ( horizontal .OR. .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN
1302	surf%r_a(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / &
1303	( surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) + 1.0E-20_wp )
1304	ELSE
1305	surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp / ( 11.8_wp + 4.2_wp * &
1306	SQRT( ( ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + &
1307	( ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + &
1308	( ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 ) &
1309	)
1310	ENDIF
1311	!
1312	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
1313	!-- stratification
1314	IF ( ABS( surf%r_a(m) ) < 1.0_wp ) surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp
1315	!
1316	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
1317	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
1318
1319	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
1320	!-- night)
1321	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off) + 0.05_wp ) /&
1322	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1323	+ 1.0_wp)) )
1324	!
1325	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
1326	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
1327	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
1328	m_total = 0.0_wp
1329	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1330	m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(ks,m) &
1331	* MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(ks,m), surf%m_wilt(m) )
1332	ENDDO
1333
1334	IF ( m_total > surf%m_wilt(m) .AND. &
1335	m_total < surf%m_fc(m) ) THEN
1336	f2 = ( m_total - surf%m_wilt(m) ) / &
1337	( surf%m_fc(m) - surf%m_wilt(m) )
1338	ELSEIF ( m_total >= surf%m_fc(m) ) THEN
1339	f2 = 1.0_wp
1340	ELSE
1341	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
1342	ENDIF
1343	!
1344	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1345	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) &
1346	- 273.16_wp ) / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) )
1347	!
1348	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1349	IF ( surf%g_d(m) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1350	!
1351	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1352	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1353	f3 = EXP ( - surf%g_d(m) * (e_s - e) )
1354	ELSE
1355	f3 = 1.0_wp
1356	ENDIF
1357	!
1358	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1359	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1360	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1361	surf%r_canopy(m) = surf%r_canopy_min(m) / &
1362	( surf%lai(m) * f1 * f2 * f3 + 1.0E-20_wp )
1363	!
1364	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
1365	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
1366	IF ( surf%soil_type_2d(m) /= 7 ) THEN
1367	m_min = surf%c_veg(m) * surf%m_wilt(m) + &
1368	( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) * surf%m_res(m)
1369	ELSE
1370	m_min = surf%m_wilt(m)
1371	ENDIF
1372
1373	f2 = ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) - m_min ) / ( surf%m_fc(m) - m_min )
1374	f2 = MAX( f2, 1.0E-20_wp )
1375	f2 = MIN( f2, 1.0_wp )
1376
1377	surf%r_soil(m) = surf%r_soil_min(m) / f2
1378
1379	!
1380	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
1381	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
1382	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
1383	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
1384	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
1385	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
1386	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
1387	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
1388	surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
1389	ELSE
1390	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( surf%c_veg(m) * surf%lai(m)&
1391	+ ( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) )
1392	surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) / m_liq_eb_max )
1393	ENDIF
1394	!
1395	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1396	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1397	!
1398	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1399	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1400	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
1401	surf%r_canopy(m) = 0.0_wp
1402	surf%r_soil(m) = 0.0_wp
1403	ENDIF
1404
1405	!
1406	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1407	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
1408	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
1409	IF ( surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN
1410	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1411	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1412	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / surf%r_a(m)
1413	ELSEIF ( surf%pave_surface (m) ) THEN
1414	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1415	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1416	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_liq(m) / surf%r_a(m)
1417	ELSE
1418	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * &
1419	( 1.0_wp - surf%c_liq(m) ) / &
1420	( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_canopy(m) )
1421	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) / &
1422	( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_soil(m) )
1423	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * surf%c_liq(m) / &
1424	surf%r_a(m)
1425	ENDIF
1426	!
1427	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
1428	!-- transpirate.
1429	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1430	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1431	! ENDIF
1432
1433	f_shf = rho_cp / surf%r_a(m)
1434	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1435	!
1436	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1437	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp) - &
1438	17.269_wp*( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp) &
1439	/ ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1440
1441	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
1442	!
1443	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1444	surf%rad_net_l(m) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
1445	!
1446	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
1447	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1448	!
1449	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1450	coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1451	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1452	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
1453	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) + lambda_surface &
1454	* surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1455	!
1456	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1457	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
1458	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1459	ELSE
1460	!
1461	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1462	coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1463	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1464	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
1465	* surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)
1466	!
1467	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1468	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1469
1470	ENDIF
1471
1472	tend = 0.0_wp
1473
1474	!
1475	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1476	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1477	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp *&
1478	surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2&
1479	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
1480
1481	!
1482	!-- Add RK3 term
1483	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1484
1485	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * &
1486	tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)
1487
1488	!
1489	!-- Calculate true tendency
1490	tend = ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - &
1491	dt_3d * tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1492	!
1493	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1494	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1495	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1496	surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = tend
1497	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1498	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1499	surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + &
1500	5.3125_wp * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)
1501	ENDIF
1502	ENDIF
1503	ENDIF
1504
1505	!
1506	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
1507	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
1508	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
1509	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
1510	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
1511	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
1512	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
1513	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
1514	IF ( ABS( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
1515	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
1516	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
1517	ENDIF
1518
1519	pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn !is actually no air temperature
1520	surf%pt_surface(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn
1521
1522	!
1523	!-- Calculate fluxes
1524	surf%rad_net_l(m) = surf%rad_net_l(m) + &
1525	rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1526	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1527	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m)
1528
1529	rad_net(j,i) = surf%rad_net_l(m)
1530	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * &
1531	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) )
1532
1533	surf%ghf_eb(m) = lambda_surface * ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) &
1534	- surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) )
1535
1536	surf%shf_eb(m) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - surf%pt_surface(m) )
1537
1538	surf%shf(m) = surf%shf_eb(m) / rho_cp
1539
1540	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1541	surf%qsws_eb(m) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1542	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * &
1543	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1544
1545	surf%qsws(m) = surf%qsws_eb(m) / rho_lv
1546
1547	surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
1548	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1549	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1550
1551	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
1552	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1553	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1554
1555	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
1556	+ dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt &
1557	* surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) )
1558	ENDIF
1559
1560	!
1561	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1562	IF ( surf%qsws_eb(m) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1563	surf%r_s(m) = 1.0E10_wp
1564	ELSE
1565	surf%r_s(m) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1566	* surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * &
1567	surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) ) / &
1568	surf%qsws_eb(m) - surf%r_a(m)
1569	ENDIF
1570
1571	!
1572	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1573	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1574	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1575	!
1576	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
1577	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
1578	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1579	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1580
1581	!
1582	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
1583	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
1584	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
1585	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
1586	IF ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1587	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) &
1588	+ surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1589	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1590	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1591	ELSE
1592	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) &
1593	+ surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1594	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1595	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1596	ENDIF
1597
1598	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
1599	!-- coverage.
1600	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) + ( 1.0_wp &
1601	- surf%c_veg(m) ) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)&
1602	* hyrho(k+k_off) &
1603	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1604	ENDIF
1605
1606	!
1607	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1608	IF ( surf%qsws_eb(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1609	!
1610	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
1611	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
1612	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1613	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1614	IF ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1615	surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) + surf%qsws_liq_eb(m)
1616
1617	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = 0.0_wp
1618	ENDIF
1619
1620	!
1621	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1622	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1623	!-- plant
1624	IF ( surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1625	surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) + surf%qsws_veg_eb(m)
1626	surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) = 0.0_wp
1627	ENDIF
1628	ENDIF
1629
1630	tend = - surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) * drho_l_lv
1631	surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * &
1632	( tsc(2) * tend + &
1633	tsc(3) * surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) )
1634	!
1635	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1636	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1637	surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = MIN( surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m),m_liq_eb_max )
1638
1639	!
1640	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1641	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1642	surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = MAX( surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m), 0.0_wp )
1643	!
1644	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1645	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1646	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1647	surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) = tend
1648	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1649	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1650	surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + &
1651	5.3125_wp * surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m)
1652	ENDIF
1653	ENDIF
1654
1655	ENDIF
1656
1657	ENDDO
1658
1659	!
1660	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
1661	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
1662	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
1663	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
1664	#if defined( __parallel )
1665	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1666	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
1667	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
1668	#else
1669	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
1670	#endif
1671	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
1672	ENDIF
1673
1674	!
1675	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1676	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1677	CALL calc_q_surface
1678	ENDIF
1679
1680	!
1681	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1682	IF ( horizontal ) CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1683
1684	CONTAINS
1685	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1686	! Description:
1687	! ------------
1688	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
1689	!> that the skin is always saturated.
1690	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1691	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1692
1693	IMPLICIT NONE
1694
1695	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
1696
1697	DO m = 1, surf%ns
1698
1699	i = surf%i(m)
1700	j = surf%j(m)
1701	k = surf%k(m)
1702
1703	!
1704	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1705	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * &
1706	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp ) / &
1707	( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) &
1708	)
1709
1710	!
1711	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
1712	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1713
1714	resistance = surf%r_a(m) / ( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_s(m) )
1715
1716	!
1717	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
1718	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1719	q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + &
1720	( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * &
1721	( q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i) )
1722	ELSE
1723	q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + &
1724	( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * &
1725	q(k,j,i)
1726	ENDIF
1727
1728	!
1729	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
1730	vpt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) * &
1731	( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) )
1732
1733	ENDDO
1734
1735	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
1736
1737
1738
1739	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1740
1741
1742	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1743	! Description:
1744	! ------------
1745	!> Header output for land surface model
1746	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1747	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
1748
1749
1750	IMPLICIT NONE
1751
1752	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
1753	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
1754	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
1755	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
1756	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
1757	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
1758
1759	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
1760
1761	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1762
1763	t_soil_chr = ''
1764	m_soil_chr = ''
1765	soil_depth_chr = ''
1766	roots_chr = ''
1767	vertical_index_chr = ''
1768
1769	i = 1
1770	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1771	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
1772	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1773
1774	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
1775	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1776
1777	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
1778	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1779
1780	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
1781	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1782
1783	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
1784	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
1785	TRIM( coor_chr )
1786	ENDDO
1787
1788	!
1789	!-- Write land surface model header
1790	WRITE( io, 1 )
1791	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1792	WRITE( io, 2 )
1793	ELSE
1794	WRITE( io, 3 )
1795	ENDIF
1796
1797	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
1798	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
1799	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
1800	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
1801	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
1802
1803	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
1804	' ------------------------------'/)
1805	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
1806	', default)')
1807	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
1808	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
1809	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
1810	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
1811	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
1812	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
1813	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
1814	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
1815	' Grid point: ',A)
1816
1817	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
1818
1819
1820	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1821	! Description:
1822	! ------------
1823	!> Initialization of the land surface model
1824	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1825	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1826
1827
1828	IMPLICIT NONE
1829
1830	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1831	INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
1832	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1833	INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
1834	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1835	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index surface facing
1836	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
1837
1838	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
1839
1840	!
1841	!-- Calculate Exner function
1842	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1843	!
1844	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
1845	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
1846	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
1847	ENDIF
1848
1849	!
1850	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
1851	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
1852	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
1853	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
1854	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
1855
1856	!
1857	!-- Set initial values for prognostic quantities
1858	!-- Horizontal surfaces
1859	tt_surface_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1860	tt_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1861	tm_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1862	tm_liq_eb_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1863	surf_lsm_h%c_liq = 0.0_wp
1864
1865	surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1866	surf_lsm_h%shf_eb = rho_cp * surf_lsm_h%shf
1867
1868	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1869	surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb = rho_lv * surf_lsm_h%qsws
1870	ELSE
1871	surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1872	ENDIF
1873
1874	surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1875	surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1876	surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1877
1878	surf_lsm_h%r_a = 50.0_wp
1879	surf_lsm_h%r_s = 50.0_wp
1880	surf_lsm_h%r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1881	surf_lsm_h%r_soil = 0.0_wp
1882	!
1883	!-- Do the same for vertical surfaces
1884	DO l = 0, 3
1885	tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1886	tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1887	tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
1888	tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
1889	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq = 0.0_wp
1890
1891	surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1892	surf_lsm_v(l)%shf_eb = rho_cp * surf_lsm_v(l)%shf
1893
1894	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1895	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb = rho_lv * surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws
1896	ELSE
1897	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1898	ENDIF
1899
1900	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1901	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1902	surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1903
1904	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a = 50.0_wp
1905	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s = 50.0_wp
1906	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1907	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil = 0.0_wp
1908	ENDDO
1909
1910
1911	!
1912	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
1913	!-- First, for horizontal surfaces
1914	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1915	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1916	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1917
1918	surf_lsm_h%lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1919	!
1920	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1921	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1922	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1923	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
1924
1925	surf_lsm_h%lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1926	ENDIF
1927	!
1928	!-- For vertical surfaces
1929	DO l = 0, 3
1930	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1931	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1932	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1933
1934	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1935	!
1936	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1937	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1938	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1939	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
1940
1941	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1942	ENDIF
1943	ENDDO
1944
1945	!
1946	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
1947	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
1948	!-- at the centers
1949	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
1950
1951	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
1952	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
1953	ENDDO
1954	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1955
1956	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
1957	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
1958	ENDDO
1959	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1960
1961	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
1962	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
1963
1964	!
1965	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
1966	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
1967	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
1968	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
1969
1970	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1971	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1972	ENDIF
1973
1974	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1975	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1976	ENDIF
1977
1978	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1979	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1980	ENDIF
1981
1982	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1983	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1984	ENDIF
1985
1986	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1987	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1988	ENDIF
1989
1990	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1991	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1992	ENDIF
1993
1994	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1995	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1996	ENDIF
1997
1998	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1999	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
2000	ENDIF
2001
2002	ENDIF
2003
2004	!
2005	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
2006	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2007	surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
2008	surf_lsm_h%l_vg = l_vangenuchten
2009	surf_lsm_h%n_vg = n_vangenuchten
2010	surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
2011	surf_lsm_h%m_sat = saturation_moisture
2012	surf_lsm_h%m_fc = field_capacity
2013	surf_lsm_h%m_wilt = wilting_point
2014	surf_lsm_h%m_res = residual_moisture
2015	surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
2016	!
2017	!-- Vertical surfaces
2018	DO l = 0, 3
2019	surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
2020	surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg = l_vangenuchten
2021	surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg = n_vangenuchten
2022	surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
2023	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat = saturation_moisture
2024	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc = field_capacity
2025	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt = wilting_point
2026	surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res = residual_moisture
2027	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
2028	ENDDO
2029
2030
2031
2032	!
2033	!-- Initial run actions
2034	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
2035	!
2036	!-- First, for horizontal surfaces
2037	t_soil_h%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2038	m_soil_h%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2039	m_liq_eb_h%var_1d = 0.0_wp
2040
2041	!
2042	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
2043	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
2044	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
2045	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2046	t_soil_h%var_2d(k,:) = soil_temperature(k)
2047	m_soil_h%var_2d(k,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(:))
2048	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
2049	ENDDO
2050	t_soil_h%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2051
2052	!
2053	!-- Calculate surface temperature
2054	t_surface_h%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn
2055	surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface
2056
2057	!
2058	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
2059	!-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points
2060	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2061	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2062	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2063	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2064
2065	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
2066	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
2067	ELSE
2068	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
2069	ENDIF
2070
2071	!
2072	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
2073	IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
2074
2075	surf_lsm_h%us(m) = 0.1_wp
2076	surf_lsm_h%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
2077	surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_h%us(m) * surf_lsm_h%ts(m)
2078	ENDDO
2079	!
2080	!-- Vertical surfaces
2081	DO l = 0, 3
2082
2083	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2084	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp
2085	m_liq_eb_v(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp
2086
2087	!
2088	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
2089	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
2090	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
2091	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2092	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,:) = soil_temperature(k)
2093	m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(:))
2094	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
2095	ENDDO
2096	t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
2097
2098	!
2099	!-- Calculate surface temperature
2100	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn
2101	surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface
2102
2103	!
2104	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
2105	!-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points
2106	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2107	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2108	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2109	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
2110
2111	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
2112	pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i)
2113	ELSE
2114	pt1 = pt(k,j,i)
2115	ENDIF
2116
2117	!
2118	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
2119	IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
2120
2121	surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) = 0.1_wp
2122	surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(m)
2123	surf_lsm_v(l)%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) * surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m)
2124	ENDDO
2125	ENDDO
2126
2127	!
2128	!-- Actions for restart runs
2129	ELSE
2130	!
2131	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2132	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2133	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2134	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2135	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2136	t_surface_h%var_1d(m) = pt(k-1,j,i) * exn
2137	ENDDO
2138	!
2139	!-- Vertical surfaces
2140	DO l = 0, 3
2141	!
2142	!-- Set index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point
2143	IF ( l == 0 ) THEN
2144	j_off = -1
2145	i_off = 0
2146	ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN
2147	j_off = 1
2148	i_off = 0
2149	ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN
2150	j_off = 0
2151	i_off = -1
2152	ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN
2153	j_off = 0
2154	i_off = 1
2155	ENDIF
2156	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2157	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2158	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2159	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
2160	t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(m) = pt(k,j+j_off,i+i_off) * exn
2161	ENDDO
2162	ENDDO
2163
2164	ENDIF
2165	!
2166	!-- Initialize root fraction
2167	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2168	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2169	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2170	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2171
2172	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2173	surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k)
2174	ENDDO
2175	ENDDO
2176	!
2177	!-- Vertical surfaces
2178	DO l = 0, 3
2179	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2180	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2181	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2182
2183	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2184	surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k)
2185	ENDDO
2186	ENDDO
2187	ENDDO
2188
2189	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
2190	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2191	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
2192	ENDIF
2193	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2194	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
2195	ENDIF
2196	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2197	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
2198	ENDIF
2199	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2200	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
2201	ENDIF
2202	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2203	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
2204	ENDIF
2205	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2206	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
2207	ENDIF
2208	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2209	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
2210	ENDIF
2211	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2212	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
2213	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
2214	ENDIF
2215	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2216	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
2217	ENDIF
2218	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2219	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
2220	ENDIF
2221	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
2222
2223	IF ( ALL( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
2224	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2225	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2226	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2227
2228
2229	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2230	surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2231	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2232	ENDDO
2233	ENDDO
2234	DO l = 0, 3
2235	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
2236	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
2237	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
2238
2239	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2240	surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2241	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
2242	ENDDO
2243	ENDDO
2244	ENDDO
2245	ENDIF
2246
2247	ELSE
2248
2249	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2250	z0_eb = roughness_length
2251	ENDIF
2252	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2253	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
2254	ENDIF
2255	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2256	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
2257	ENDIF
2258
2259	ENDIF
2260
2261	!
2262	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
2263	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
2264	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
2265	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
2266	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
2267	ELSE
2268	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
2269	ENDIF
2270	ENDIF
2271
2272	!
2273	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
2274	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
2275	!-- First for horizontal surfaces
2276	surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d = veg_type
2277	surf_lsm_h%soil_type_2d = soil_type
2278
2279	!
2280	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
2281	surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
2282	surf_lsm_h%lai = leaf_area_index
2283	surf_lsm_h%c_veg = vegetation_coverage
2284	surf_lsm_h%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
2285	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
2286	surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
2287	surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
2288	surf_lsm_h%z0 = z0_eb
2289	surf_lsm_h%z0h = z0h_eb
2290	surf_lsm_h%z0q = z0q_eb
2291
2292	!-- Vertical surfaces
2293	DO l = 0, 3
2294	surf_lsm_v(l)%veg_type_2d = veg_type
2295	surf_lsm_v(l)%soil_type_2d = soil_type
2296
2297	!
2298	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
2299	surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
2300	surf_lsm_v(l)%lai = leaf_area_index
2301	surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg = vegetation_coverage
2302	surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
2303	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
2304	surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
2305	surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
2306	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0 = z0_eb
2307	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0h = z0h_eb
2308	surf_lsm_v(l)%z0q = z0q_eb
2309	ENDDO
2310
2311	!
2312	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
2313	CALL user_init_land_surface
2314
2315	!
2316	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
2317	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
2318	!-- For now, do not set water surface for vertical surfaces
2319	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
2320	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
2321	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
2322
2323	IF ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 14 .OR. &
2324	surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 15 ) THEN
2325	surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2326	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = t_surface_h%var_1d(m)
2327	ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 20 ) THEN
2328	surf_lsm_h%pave_surface(m) = .TRUE.
2329	m_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = 0.0_wp
2330	ENDIF
2331
2332	ENDDO
2333
2334	!
2335	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only, i.e. only
2336	!- horizontal surfaces)
2337	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
2338
2339	t_soil_h_p = t_soil_h
2340	m_soil_h_p = m_soil_h
2341	m_liq_eb_h_p = m_liq_eb_h
2342	t_surface_h_p = t_surface_h
2343
2344	t_soil_v_p = t_soil_v
2345	m_soil_v_p = m_soil_v
2346	m_liq_eb_v_p = m_liq_eb_v
2347	t_surface_v_p = t_surface_v
2348
2349
2350
2351	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
2352	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
2353	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), &
2354	2, statistic_regions+1 )
2355	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), &
2356	2, statistic_regions+1 )
2357
2358	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
2359
2360
2361	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2362	! Description:
2363	! ------------
2364	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
2365	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2366	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2367
2368
2369	IMPLICIT NONE
2370
2371	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< index indicating facing of surface array
2372
2373	!
2374	!-- Allocate global 1D arrays
2375	ALLOCATE ( ddz_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) )
2376	ALLOCATE ( ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2377	ALLOCATE ( dz_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) )
2378	ALLOCATE ( dz_soil_stag(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2379	ALLOCATE ( root_extr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) )
2380
2381	root_extr = 0.0_wp
2382
2383	!
2384	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity. Please note,
2385	!-- these arrays are allocated according to surface-data structure,
2386	!-- even if they do not belong to the data type due to the
2387	!-- pointer arithmetric (TARGET attribute is not allowed in a data-type).
2388	#if defined( __nopointer )
2389	!
2390	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2391	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2392	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2393	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2394	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2395	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2396	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2397	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2398	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2399	!
2400	!-- Vertical surfaces
2401	DO l = 0, 3
2402	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2403	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2404	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2405	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2406	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2407	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2408	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2409	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2410	ENDDO
2411	#else
2412	!
2413	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2414	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2415	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2416	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2417	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2418	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2419	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2420	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2421	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2422	!
2423	!-- Vertical surfaces
2424	DO l = 0, 3
2425	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2426	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2427	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2428	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2429	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2430	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2431	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2432	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2433	ENDDO
2434	#endif
2435
2436	!
2437	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
2438	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2439	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2440	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2441	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2442	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2443	!
2444	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2445	DO l = 0, 3
2446	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2447	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2448	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2449	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2450	ENDDO
2451	!
2452	!-- Allocate skin-surface temperature
2453	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2454	DO l = 0, 3
2455	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2456	ENDDO
2457
2458	!
2459	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
2460	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2461	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2462	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2463	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2464	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2465	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2466	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2467	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2468	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%g_d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2469	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lai(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2470	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%l_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2471	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2472	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2473	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_fc(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2474	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_res(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2475	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_sat(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2476	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2477	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%n_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2478	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pave_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2479	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2480	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2481	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2482	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2483	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2484	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_a(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2485	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2486	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2487	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2488	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2489	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2490	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2491	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%soil_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2492	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2493	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) )
2494
2495	surf_lsm_h%water_surface = .FALSE.
2496	surf_lsm_h%pave_surface = .FALSE.
2497	!
2498	!-- Vertical surfaces
2499	DO l = 0, 3
2500	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2501	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2502	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2503	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2504	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2505	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2506	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2507	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2508	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lai(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2509	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2510	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2511	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2512	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2513	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2514	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2515	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2516	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2517	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pave_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2518	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2519	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2520	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2521	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2522	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2523	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2524	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2525	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2526	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2527	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2528	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2529	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%shf_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2530	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%soil_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2531	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%veg_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2532	ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) )
2533
2534	surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface = .FALSE.
2535	surf_lsm_v(l)%pave_surface = .FALSE.
2536	ENDDO
2537
2538	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
2539	!
2540	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
2541	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2542	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2
2543	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2
2544	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2
2545	m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_1; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_2
2546	!
2547	!-- Vertical surfaces
2548	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2
2549	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2
2550	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2
2551	m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_1; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_2
2552	#endif
2553
2554
2555	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2556
2557
2558	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2559	! Description:
2560	! ------------
2561	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
2562	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2563	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2564
2565
2566	IMPLICIT NONE
2567
2568	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
2569
2570	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
2571	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
2572	conserve_water_content, &
2573	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
2574	aero_resist_kray, hydraulic_conductivity, &
2575	lambda_surface_stable, &
2576	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
2577	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
2578	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
2579	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
2580	pave_heat_conductivity, &
2581	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
2582	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
2583	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
2584	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
2585	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
2586
2587	line = ' '
2588
2589	!
2590	!-- Try to find land surface model package
2591	REWIND ( 11 )
2592	line = ' '
2593	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
2594	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
2595	ENDDO
2596	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
2597
2598	!
2599	!-- Read user-defined namelist
2600	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
2601
2602	!
2603	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
2604	land_surface = .TRUE.
2605
2606	10 CONTINUE
2607
2608
2609	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2610
2611
2612	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2613	! Description:
2614	! ------------
2615	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
2616	!> temperature and water content.
2617	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2618	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model( horizontal, l )
2619
2620
2621	IMPLICIT NONE
2622
2623	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2624	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-data type index indication facing
2625	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
2626
2627	LOGICAL :: horizontal !< flag indication horizontal wall, required to set pointer accordingly
2628
2629	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
2630
2631	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
2632	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
2633	tend !< tendency
2634
2635	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil
2636	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil_p
2637	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil
2638	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil_p
2639	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_soil_m
2640	TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_soil_m
2641
2642	TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable
2643
2644	IF ( horizontal ) THEN
2645	surf => surf_lsm_h
2646
2647	surf_m_soil => m_soil_h
2648	surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_h_p
2649	surf_t_soil => t_soil_h
2650	surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_h_p
2651	surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_h_m
2652	surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_h_m
2653	ELSE
2654	surf => surf_lsm_v(l)
2655
2656	surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l)
2657	surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_v_p(l)
2658	surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l)
2659	surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_v_p(l)
2660	surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_v_m(l)
2661	surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_v_m(l)
2662	ENDIF
2663
2664	DO m = 1, surf%ns
2665
2666	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
2667	surf%rho_c_total(nzb_soil,m) = pave_heat_capacity
2668	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
2669	ENDIF
2670
2671	IF ( .NOT. surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN
2672	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2673
2674	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
2675
2676	surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = pave_heat_capacity
2677	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
2678
2679	ELSE
2680	!
2681	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
2682	!-- into account water content
2683	surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = (rho_c_soil * &
2684	( 1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(m) )&
2685	+ rho_c_water * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) )
2686
2687	!
2688	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
2689	!-- layers
2690	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm*(1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(m)) &
2691	lambda_h_water ** surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m)
2692
2693	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10( MAX( 0.1_wp, surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) / &
2694	surf%m_sat(m) ) )
2695
2696	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
2697	lambda_h_dry
2698	ENDIF
2699	ENDDO
2700
2701	!
2702	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
2703	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
2704	!-- true pavement depth is considered
2705	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2706	IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
2707	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
2708	surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1)&
2709	* lambda_temp(k) &
2710	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
2711	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
2712	ELSE
2713	surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) )&
2714	* 0.5_wp
2715	ENDIF
2716	ENDDO
2717	surf%lambda_h(nzt_soil,m) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
2718
2719	!
2720	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
2721	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2722
2723	tend(nzb_soil) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(nzb_soil,m) ) *&
2724	( surf%lambda_h(nzb_soil,m) * ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) &
2725	- surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
2726	+ surf%ghf_eb(m) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2727
2728	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2729	tend(k) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(k,m) ) &
2730	* ( surf%lambda_h(k,m) &
2731	* ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) &
2732	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
2733	- surf%lambda_h(k-1,m) &
2734	* ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k-1,m) ) &
2735	* ddz_soil(k) &
2736	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2737
2738	ENDDO
2739
2740	surf_t_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) &
2741	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
2742	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
2743	+ tsc(3) &
2744	* surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) )
2745
2746	!
2747	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2748	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2749	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2750	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2751	surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k)
2752	ENDDO
2753	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2754	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2755	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2756	surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2757	* surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m)
2758	ENDDO
2759	ENDIF
2760	ENDIF
2761
2762
2763	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2764
2765	!
2766	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
2767	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * psi_sat &
2768	/ surf%m_sat(m) ) * ( MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), &
2769	surf%m_wilt(m) ) / surf%m_sat(m) )**(&
2770	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
2771
2772	!
2773	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
2774	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
2775	!
2776	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
2777	!-- (1980)
2778	h_vg = ( ( ( surf%m_res(m) - surf%m_sat(m) ) / &
2779	( surf%m_res(m) - &
2780	MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), surf%m_wilt(m) ) &
2781	) &
2782	)**( &
2783	surf%n_vg(m) / ( surf%n_vg(m) - 1.0_wp ) &
2784	) - 1.0_wp &
2785	)**( 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(m) ) / surf%alpha_vg(m)
2786
2787	gamma_temp(k) = surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * ( ( ( 1.0_wp + &
2788	( surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg )**surf%n_vg(m)&
2789	)**( &
2790	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(m)) - ( &
2791	surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg )**( surf%n_vg(m)&
2792	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
2793	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg &
2794	)surf%n_vg(m) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
2795	/ surf%n_vg(m) ) * &
2796	( surf%l_vg(m) + 2.0_wp) ) )
2797	!
2798	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
2799	ELSE
2800	gamma_temp(k) = surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) &
2801	/ surf%m_sat(m) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
2802	ENDIF
2803
2804	ENDDO
2805
2806	!
2807	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
2808	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
2809	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
2810	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN
2811	!
2812	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
2813	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
2814	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
2815	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2816
2817	surf%lambda_w(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + &
2818	lambda_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp
2819	surf%gamma_w(k,m) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + &
2820	gamma_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp
2821
2822	ENDDO
2823
2824	!
2825	!
2826	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
2827	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
2828	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
2829	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
2830	surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = 0.0_wp
2831	ELSE
2832	surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
2833	ENDIF
2834
2835	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
2836	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
2837	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
2838	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
2839	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
2840	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
2841	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
2842	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
2843	!
2844	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
2845	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
2846	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
2847	!-- additional check.
2848	m_total = 0.0_wp
2849	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2850	IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(m) ) THEN
2851	m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m)
2852	ENDIF
2853	ENDDO
2854	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2855	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2856	IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(m) ) THEN
2857	root_extr(k) = surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) &
2858	/ m_total
2859	ELSE
2860	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
2861	ENDIF
2862	ENDDO
2863	ENDIF
2864	!
2865	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil_h.
2866	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2867
2868	tend(nzb_soil) = ( surf%lambda_w(nzb_soil,m) * ( &
2869	surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) - surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) &
2870	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - surf%gamma_w(nzb_soil,m) - &
2871	( &
2872	root_extr(nzb_soil) * surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) &
2873	+ surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
2874	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2875
2876	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
2877	tend(k) = ( surf%lambda_w(k,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) &
2878	- surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2879	- surf%gamma_w(k,m) &
2880	- surf%lambda_w(k-1,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) - &
2881	surf_m_soil%var_2d(k-1,m)) * ddz_soil(k) &
2882	+ surf%gamma_w(k-1,m) - (root_extr(k) &
2883	* surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) * drho_l_lv) &
2884	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2885	ENDDO
2886	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) &
2887	- surf%lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,m) &
2888	* ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil,m) &
2889	- surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil-1,m)) &
2890	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
2891	+ surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,m) - ( &
2892	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
2893	* surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) * drho_l_lv ) &
2894	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
2895
2896	surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) &
2897	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
2898	+ tsc(3) * surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(:,m) )
2899
2900	!
2901	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
2902	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2903	IF ( surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) < 0.0_wp ) surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) = 0.0_wp
2904	ENDDO
2905
2906	!
2907	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2908	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2909	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2910	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2911	surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k)
2912	ENDDO
2913	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2914	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2915	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2916	surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2917	* surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m)
2918	ENDDO
2919	ENDIF
2920	ENDIF
2921	ENDIF
2922
2923	ENDIF
2924
2925	ENDDO
2926
2927	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2928
2929
2930	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2931	! Description:
2932	! ------------
2933	!> Swapping of timelevels
2934	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2935	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
2936
2937	IMPLICIT NONE
2938
2939	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
2940
2941	#if defined( __nopointer )
2942	!
2943	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2944	t_surface_h = t_surface_h_p
2945	t_soil_h = t_soil_h_p
2946	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2947	m_soil_h = m_soil_h_p
2948	m_liq_eb_h = m_liq_eb_h_p
2949	ENDIF
2950	!
2951	!-- Vertical surfaces
2952	t_surface_v = t_surface_v_p
2953	t_soil_v = t_soil_v_p
2954	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2955	m_soil_v = m_soil_v_p
2956	m_liq_eb_v = m_liq_eb_v_p
2957	ENDIF
2958
2959	#else
2960
2961	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
2962
2963	CASE ( 0 )
2964	!
2965	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2966	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2
2967	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2
2968	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2969	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2
2970	m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_1; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_2
2971	ENDIF
2972	!
2973	!-- Vertical surfaces
2974	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2
2975	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2
2976	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2977	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2
2978	m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_1; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_2
2979	ENDIF
2980
2981
2982
2983	CASE ( 1 )
2984	!
2985	!-- Horizontal surfaces
2986	t_surface_h => t_surface_h_2; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_1
2987	t_soil_h => t_soil_h_2; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_1
2988	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2989	m_soil_h => m_soil_h_2; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_1
2990	m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_2; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_1
2991	ENDIF
2992	!
2993	!-- Vertical surfaces
2994	t_surface_v => t_surface_v_2; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_1
2995	t_soil_v => t_soil_v_2; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_1
2996	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2997	m_soil_v => m_soil_v_2; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_1
2998	m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_2; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_1
2999	ENDIF
3000
3001	END SELECT
3002	#endif
3003
3004	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3010	!
3011	! Description:
3012	! ------------
3013	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
3014	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3015	SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
3016
3017
3018	USE control_parameters
3019
3020	USE indices
3021
3022	USE kinds
3023
3024	IMPLICIT NONE
3025
3026	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
3027	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3028
3029	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3030	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3031	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3032	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3033
3034	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
3035
3036	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3037
3038	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3039	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3040	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3041	ENDIF
3042	c_liq_av = 0.0_wp
3043
3044	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3045	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3046	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3047	ENDIF
3048	c_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3049
3050	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3051	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3052	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3053	ENDIF
3054	c_veg_av = 0.0_wp
3055
3056	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
3057	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3058	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3059	ENDIF
3060	ghf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3061
3062	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3063	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3064	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3065	ENDIF
3066	lai_av = 0.0_wp
3067
3068	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
3069	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3070	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3071	ENDIF
3072	m_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3073
3074	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3075	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3076	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3077	ENDIF
3078	m_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3079
3080	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
3081	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3082	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3083	ENDIF
3084	qsws_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3085
3086	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
3087	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3088	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3089	ENDIF
3090	qsws_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3091
3092	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
3093	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3094	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3095	ENDIF
3096	qsws_soil_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3097
3098	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
3099	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3100	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3101	ENDIF
3102	qsws_veg_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3103
3104	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3105	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN
3106	ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3107	ENDIF
3108	r_a_av = 0.0_wp
3109
3110	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3111	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN
3112	ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3113	ENDIF
3114	r_s_av = 0.0_wp
3115
3116	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
3117	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3118	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3119	ENDIF
3120	shf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
3121
3122	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3123	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3124	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3125	ENDIF
3126	t_soil_av = 0.0_wp
3127
3128	CASE DEFAULT
3129	CONTINUE
3130
3131	END SELECT
3132
3133	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
3134
3135	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3136
3137	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3138	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3139	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3140	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3141	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m)
3142	ENDDO
3143
3144	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3145	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3146	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3147	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3148	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m))
3149	ENDDO
3150
3151	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3152	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3153	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3154	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3155	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3156	ENDDO
3157
3158	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
3159	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3160	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3161	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3162	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(m)
3163	ENDDO
3164
3165	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3166	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3167	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3168	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3169	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%lai(m)
3170	ENDDO
3171
3172	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
3173	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3174	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3175	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3176	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) + m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(m)
3177	ENDDO
3178
3179	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3180	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3181	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3182	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3183	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3184	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3185	ENDDO
3186	ENDDO
3187
3188	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
3189	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3190	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3191	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3192	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(m)
3193	ENDDO
3194
3195	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
3196	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3197	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3198	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3199	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) + &
3200	surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(m)
3201	ENDDO
3202
3203	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
3204	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3205	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3206	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3207	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) + &
3208	surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(m)
3209	ENDDO
3210
3211	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
3212	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3213	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3214	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3215	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) + &
3216	surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(m)
3217	ENDDO
3218
3219	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3220	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3221	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3222	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3223	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
3224	ENDDO
3225
3226	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3227	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3228	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3229	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3230	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_s(m)
3231	ENDDO
3232
3233	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
3234	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3235	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3236	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3237	shf_eb_av(j,i) = shf_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(m)
3238	ENDDO
3239
3240	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3241	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3242	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3243	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3244	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3245	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3246	ENDDO
3247	ENDDO
3248
3249	CASE DEFAULT
3250	CONTINUE
3251
3252	END SELECT
3253
3254	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
3255
3256	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3257
3258	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
3259	DO i = nxl, nxr
3260	DO j = nys, nyn
3261	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3262	ENDDO
3263	ENDDO
3264
3265	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
3266	DO i = nxl, nxr
3267	DO j = nys, nyn
3268	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3269	ENDDO
3270	ENDDO
3271
3272	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
3273	DO i = nxl, nxr
3274	DO j = nys, nyn
3275	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3276	ENDDO
3277	ENDDO
3278
3279	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
3280	DO i = nxl, nxr
3281	DO j = nys, nyn
3282	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3283	ENDDO
3284	ENDDO
3285
3286	CASE ( 'lai*' )
3287	DO i = nxl, nxr
3288	DO j = nys, nyn
3289	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3290	ENDDO
3291	ENDDO
3292
3293	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
3294	DO i = nxl, nxr
3295	DO j = nys, nyn
3296	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3297	ENDDO
3298	ENDDO
3299
3300	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3301	DO i = nxl, nxr
3302	DO j = nys, nyn
3303	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3304	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3305	ENDDO
3306	ENDDO
3307	ENDDO
3308
3309	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
3310	DO i = nxl, nxr
3311	DO j = nys, nyn
3312	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3313	ENDDO
3314	ENDDO
3315
3316	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
3317	DO i = nxl, nxr
3318	DO j = nys, nyn
3319	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3320	ENDDO
3321	ENDDO
3322
3323	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
3324	DO i = nxl, nxr
3325	DO j = nys, nyn
3326	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3327	ENDDO
3328	ENDDO
3329
3330	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
3331	DO i = nxl, nxr
3332	DO j = nys, nyn
3333	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3334	ENDDO
3335	ENDDO
3336
3337	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
3338	DO i = nxl, nxr
3339	DO j = nys, nyn
3340	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3341	ENDDO
3342	ENDDO
3343
3344	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
3345	DO i = nxl, nxr
3346	DO j = nys, nyn
3347	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3348	ENDDO
3349	ENDDO
3350
3351	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3352	DO i = nxl, nxr
3353	DO j = nys, nyn
3354	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3355	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
3356	ENDDO
3357	ENDDO
3358	ENDDO
3359	!
3360	!--
3361
3362	END SELECT
3363
3364	ENDIF
3365
3366	END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging
3367
3368
3369	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3370	!
3371	! Description:
3372	! ------------
3373	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
3374	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
3375	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3376	SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
3377
3378	IMPLICIT NONE
3379
3380	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
3381	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
3382	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
3383	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
3384	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
3385
3386	found = .TRUE.
3387
3388	!
3389	!-- Check for the grid
3390	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
3391
3392	CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil', 'm_soil_xy', 't_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', &
3393	't_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz', 't_soil_yz' )
3394	grid_x = 'x'
3395	grid_y = 'y'
3396	grid_z = 'zs'
3397
3398	CASE DEFAULT
3399	found = .FALSE.
3400	grid_x = 'none'
3401	grid_y = 'none'
3402	grid_z = 'none'
3403	END SELECT
3404
3405	END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
3406
3407	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3408	!
3409	! Description:
3410	! ------------
3411	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3412	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3413	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, &
3414	two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do )
3415
3416	USE indices
3417
3418	USE kinds
3419
3420
3421	IMPLICIT NONE
3422
3423	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !<
3424	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
3425	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3426
3427	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3428	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
3429	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
3430	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
3431	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3432	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !<
3433	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !<
3434
3435	LOGICAL :: found !<
3436	LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections)
3437
3438	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !<
3439
3440
3441	found = .TRUE.
3442
3443	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3444	!
3445	!-- Before data is transfered to local_pf, transfer is it 2D dummy variable and exchange ghost points therein.
3446	!-- However, at this point this is only required for instantaneous arrays, time-averaged quantities are already exchanged.
3447	CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3448	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3449	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3450	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3451	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3452	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m) * surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3453	ENDDO
3454	ELSE
3455	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3456	DO j = nysg, nyng
3457	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i)
3458	ENDDO
3459	ENDDO
3460	ENDIF
3461
3462	two_d = .TRUE.
3463	grid = 'zu1'
3464
3465	CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3466	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3467	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3468	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3469	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3470	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3471	ENDDO
3472	ELSE
3473	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3474	DO j = nysg, nyng
3475	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i)
3476	ENDDO
3477	ENDDO
3478	ENDIF
3479
3480	two_d = .TRUE.
3481	grid = 'zu1'
3482
3483	CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3484	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3485	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3486	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3487	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3488	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)
3489	ENDDO
3490	ELSE
3491	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3492	DO j = nysg, nyng
3493	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i)
3494	ENDDO
3495	ENDDO
3496	ENDIF
3497
3498	two_d = .TRUE.
3499	grid = 'zu1'
3500
3501	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3502	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3503	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3504	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3505	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3506	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(m)
3507	ENDDO
3508	ELSE
3509	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3510	DO j = nysg, nyng
3511	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb_av(j,i)
3512	ENDDO
3513	ENDDO
3514	ENDIF
3515
3516	two_d = .TRUE.
3517	grid = 'zu1'
3518
3519	CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3520	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3521	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3522	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3523	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3524	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%lai(m)
3525	ENDDO
3526	ELSE
3527	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3528	DO j = nysg, nyng
3529	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i)
3530	ENDDO
3531	ENDDO
3532	ENDIF
3533
3534	two_d = .TRUE.
3535	grid = 'zu1'
3536
3537	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3538	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3539	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3540	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3541	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3542	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(m)
3543	ENDDO
3544	ELSE
3545	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3546	DO j = nysg, nyng
3547	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3548	ENDDO
3549	ENDDO
3550	ENDIF
3551
3552	two_d = .TRUE.
3553	grid = 'zu1'
3554
3555	CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' )
3556	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3557	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3558	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3559	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3560	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3561	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3562	ENDDO
3563	ENDDO
3564	ELSE
3565	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3566	DO j = nysg, nyng
3567	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3568	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3569	ENDDO
3570	ENDDO
3571	ENDDO
3572	ENDIF
3573
3574	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3575	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3576
3577	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3578
3579	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3580	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3581	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3582	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3583	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3584	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(m)
3585	ENDDO
3586	ELSE
3587	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3588	DO j = nysg, nyng
3589	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb_av(j,i)
3590	ENDDO
3591	ENDDO
3592	ENDIF
3593
3594	two_d = .TRUE.
3595	grid = 'zu1'
3596
3597	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3598	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3599	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3600	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3601	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3602	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(m)
3603	ENDDO
3604	ELSE
3605	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3606	DO j = nysg, nyng
3607	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3608	ENDDO
3609	ENDDO
3610	ENDIF
3611
3612	two_d = .TRUE.
3613	grid = 'zu1'
3614
3615	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3616	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3617	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3618	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3619	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3620	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(m)
3621	ENDDO
3622	ELSE
3623	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3624	DO j = nysg, nyng
3625	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i)
3626	ENDDO
3627	ENDDO
3628	ENDIF
3629
3630	two_d = .TRUE.
3631	grid = 'zu1'
3632
3633	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3634	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3635	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3636	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3637	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3638	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(m)
3639	ENDDO
3640	ELSE
3641	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3642	DO j = nysg, nyng
3643	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i)
3644	ENDDO
3645	ENDDO
3646	ENDIF
3647
3648	two_d = .TRUE.
3649	grid = 'zu1'
3650
3651
3652	CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3653	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3654	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3655	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3656	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3657	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_a(m)
3658	ENDDO
3659	ELSE
3660	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3661	DO j = nysg, nyng
3662	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i)
3663	ENDDO
3664	ENDDO
3665	ENDIF
3666
3667	two_d = .TRUE.
3668	grid = 'zu1'
3669
3670	CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3671	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3672	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3673	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3674	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3675	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_s(m)
3676	ENDDO
3677	ELSE
3678	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3679	DO j = nysg, nyng
3680	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i)
3681	ENDDO
3682	ENDDO
3683	ENDIF
3684
3685	two_d = .TRUE.
3686	grid = 'zu1'
3687
3688	CASE ( 'shf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3689	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3690	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3691	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3692	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3693	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(m)
3694	ENDDO
3695	ELSE
3696	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3697	DO j = nysg, nyng
3698	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb_av(j,i)
3699	ENDDO
3700	ENDDO
3701	ENDIF
3702
3703	two_d = .TRUE.
3704	grid = 'zu1'
3705
3706	CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' )
3707	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3708	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3709	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3710	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3711	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3712	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3713	ENDDO
3714	ENDDO
3715	ELSE
3716	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3717	DO j = nysg, nyng
3718	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3719	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3720	ENDDO
3721	ENDDO
3722	ENDDO
3723	ENDIF
3724
3725	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3726	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3727
3728	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3729
3730	CASE DEFAULT
3731	found = .FALSE.
3732	grid = 'none'
3733
3734	END SELECT
3735
3736	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d
3737
3738
3739	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3740	!
3741	! Description:
3742	! ------------
3743	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3744	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3745	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
3746
3747
3748	USE indices
3749
3750	USE kinds
3751
3752
3753	IMPLICIT NONE
3754
3755	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3756
3757	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3758	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3759	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3760	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3761	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
3762
3763	LOGICAL :: found !<
3764
3765	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !<
3766
3767
3768	found = .TRUE.
3769
3770
3771	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3772	!
3773	!-- Requires 3D exchange
3774
3775	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3776
3777	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3778	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3779	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3780	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3781	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3782	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3783	ENDDO
3784	ENDDO
3785	ELSE
3786	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3787	DO j = nysg, nyng
3788	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3789	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3790	ENDDO
3791	ENDDO
3792	ENDDO
3793	ENDIF
3794
3795	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3796
3797	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3798	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
3799	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
3800	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
3801	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3802	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m)
3803	ENDDO
3804	ENDDO
3805	ELSE
3806	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3807	DO j = nysg, nyng
3808	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3809	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3810	ENDDO
3811	ENDDO
3812	ENDDO
3813	ENDIF
3814
3815
3816	CASE DEFAULT
3817	found = .FALSE.
3818
3819	END SELECT
3820
3821
3822	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d
3823
3824
3825	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3826	!
3827	! Description:
3828	! ------------
3829	!> Write restart data for land surface model
3830	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3831	SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3832
3833
3834	USE control_parameters
3835
3836	USE kinds
3837
3838	IMPLICIT NONE
3839
3840	IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN
3841	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3842	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av
3843	ENDIF
3844	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3845	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av
3846	ENDIF
3847	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3848	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av
3849	ENDIF
3850	IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3851	WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_eb_av
3852	ENDIF
3853	IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3854	WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av
3855	ENDIF
3856	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_h%var_1d
3857	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3858	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_av
3859	ENDIF
3860	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_h%var_2d
3861	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3862	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av
3863	ENDIF
3864	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3865	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_eb_av
3866	ENDIF
3867	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3868	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_eb_av
3869	ENDIF
3870	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3871	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_eb_av
3872	ENDIF
3873	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3874	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_eb_av
3875	ENDIF
3876	IF ( ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3877	WRITE ( 14 ) 'shf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) shf_eb_av
3878	ENDIF
3879	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_h%var_2d
3880	IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3881	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av
3882	ENDIF
3883
3884	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end lsm * '
3885
3886	ENDIF
3887
3888	END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3889
3890
3891	SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, &
3892	nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, &
3893	offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, &
3894	tmp_2d )
3895
3896
3897	USE control_parameters
3898
3899	USE indices
3900
3901	USE kinds
3902
3903	USE pegrid
3904
3905	IMPLICIT NONE
3906
3907	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !<
3908
3909	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3910	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3911	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
3912	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
3913	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
3914	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
3915	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
3916	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
3917	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
3918	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
3919	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
3920	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
3921	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
3922	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
3923	INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !<
3924
3925	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !<
3926	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !<
3927	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !<
3928	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !<
3929	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !<
3930	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !<
3931
3932	REAL(wp), &
3933	DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3934	tmp_2d !<
3935
3936	REAL(wp), &
3937	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3938	tmp_3d !<
3939
3940	REAL(wp), &
3941	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3942	tmp_3d2 !<
3943
3944	REAL(wp), &
3945	DIMENSION(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
3946	tmp_walltype_1d !<
3947
3948	REAL(wp), &
3949	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
3950	tmp_walltype_2d !<
3951
3952	REAL(wp), &
3953	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: &
3954	tmp_walltype_2d2 !<
3955
3956
3957	IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
3958	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3959
3960	DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '* end lsm *' )
3961
3962	DO k = 1, overlap_count
3963
3964	nxlf = nxlfa(i,k)
3965	nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3966	nxrf = nxrfa(i,k)
3967	nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3968	nysf = nysfa(i,k)
3969	nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3970	nynf = nynfa(i,k)
3971	nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3972
3973	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) )
3974
3975
3976	CASE ( 'c_liq_av' )
3977	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3978	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3979	ENDIF
3980	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3981	c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3982	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3983
3984	CASE ( 'c_soil_av' )
3985	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3986	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3987	ENDIF
3988	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3989	c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3990	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3991
3992	CASE ( 'c_veg_av' )
3993	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3994	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3995	ENDIF
3996	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3997	c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3998	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3999
4000	CASE ( 'ghf_eb_av' )
4001	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
4002	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4003	ENDIF
4004	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4005	ghf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4006	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4007
4008	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb' )
4009	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_1d !tmp_2d
4010	m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4011	tmp_walltype_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4012
4013	CASE ( 'lai_av' )
4014	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
4015	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4016	ENDIF
4017	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4018	lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4019	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4020
4021	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb_av' )
4022	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
4023	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4024	ENDIF
4025	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4026	m_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4027	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4028
4029	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
4030	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d2(:,:)
4031	m_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4032	tmp_walltype_2d2(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4033
4034	CASE ( 'm_soil_av' )
4035	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
4036	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4037	ENDIF
4038	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
4039	m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4040	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf &
4041	-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4042
4043	CASE ( 'qsws_eb_av' )
4044	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
4045	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4046	ENDIF
4047	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4048	qsws_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4049	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4050
4051	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb_av' )
4052	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
4053	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4054	ENDIF
4055	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4056	qsws_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4057	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4058	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb_av' )
4059	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
4060	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4061	ENDIF
4062	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4063	qsws_soil_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4064	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4065
4066	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb_av' )
4067	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
4068	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4069	ENDIF
4070	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4071	qsws_veg_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4072	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4073
4074	CASE ( 'shf_eb_av' )
4075	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
4076	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4077	ENDIF
4078	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
4079	shf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4080	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4081
4082	CASE ( 't_soil' )
4083	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d(:,:)
4084	t_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = &
4085	tmp_walltype_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns)
4086
4087	CASE ( 't_soil_av' )
4088	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
4089	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
4090	ENDIF
4091	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
4092	t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
4093	tmp_3d2(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
4094	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
4095
4096
4097	CASE DEFAULT
4098	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', &
4099	TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', &
4100	'&data from prior run on PE ', myid
4101	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0453', 1, 2, 0, 6, &
4102	0 )
4103
4104	END SELECT
4105
4106	ENDDO
4107
4108	READ ( 13 ) field_char
4109
4110	ENDDO
4111	ENDIF
4112
4113	END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data
4114
4115	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4116	! Description:
4117	! ------------
4118	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
4119	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
4120	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
4121	!> 2012)
4122	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
4123	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
4124
4125	USE control_parameters, &
4126	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
4127
4128	IMPLICIT NONE
4129
4130	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
4131	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
4132	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index
4133
4134	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
4135	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
4136	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
4137	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
4138
4139	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
4140
4141	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
4142	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
4143
4144	IF ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) ) THEN
4145
4146	!
4147	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
4148	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
4149	!-- length
4150	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
4151	!
4152	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
4153	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
4154	!
4155	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
4156	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
4157
4158	!
4159	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
4160	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
4161	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
4162	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
4163	! ENDIF
4164
4165	!
4166	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
4167	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
4168	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
4169	!-- Charnock relation is used.
4170	surf_lsm_h%z0(m) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4171	surf_lsm_h%us(m) ) &
4172	+ ( alpha_ch * surf_lsm_h%us(m)**2 / g )
4173
4174	surf_lsm_h%z0h(m) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4175	surf_lsm_h%us(m)
4176	surf_lsm_h%z0q(m) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / &
4177	surf_lsm_h%us(m)
4178
4179	ENDIF
4180	ENDDO
4181
4182	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
4183
4184
4185
4186	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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