Home

Context Navigation

source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 2000

Last change on this file since 2000 was 2000, checked in by knoop, 8 years ago
Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 141.6 KB

Line
1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop $
27	!
28	! 1978 2016-07-29 12:08:31Z maronga
29	! Bugfix: initial values of pave_surface and water_surface were not set.
30	!
31	! 1976 2016-07-27 13:28:04Z maronga
32	! Parts of the code have been reformatted. Use of radiation model output is
33	! generalized and simplified. Added more output quantities due to modularization
34	!
35	! 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga
36	! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this
37	! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module.
38	!
39	!
40	! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga
41	! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start
42	!
43	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
44	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
45	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
46	!
47	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
48	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
49	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
50	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
51	!
52	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
53	! prr moved to arrays_3d
54	!
55	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
56	! Cleanup after modularization
57	!
58	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
59	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
60	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
61	!
62	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
63	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
64	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
65	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
66	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
67	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
68	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
69	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
70	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
71	! Syntax layout improved.
72	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
73	!
74	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
75	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
76	!
77	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
78	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
79	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
80	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
81	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
82	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
83	!
84	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
85	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
86	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
87	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
88	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
89	! Added todo action
90	!
91	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
92	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
93	!
94	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
95	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
96	! Replaced rif with ol
97	!
98	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
99	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
100	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
101	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
102	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
103	!
104	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
105	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
106	!
107	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
108	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
109	!
110	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
111	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
112	!
113	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
114	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
115	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
116	!
117	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
118	! Added output of r_a and r_s
119	!
120	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
121	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
122	! profile
123	!
124	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
125	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
126	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
127	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
128	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
129	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
130	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
131	! calculation
132	!
133	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
134	!
135	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
136	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
137	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
138	! Added support for dry runs.
139	!
140	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
141	! Initial revision
142	!
143	!
144	! Description:
145	! ------------
146	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
147	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
148	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
149	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
150	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
151	!>
152	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
153	!> skin layer.
154	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
155	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
156	!> nzt_soil=3)).
157	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
158	!> with considerable precipitation.
159	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
160	!>
161	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
162	!> become too thin.
163	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
164	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
165
166	USE arrays_3d, &
167	ONLY: hyp, ol, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, qsws, shf, ts, us, vpt, z0, &
168	z0h, z0q
169
170	USE cloud_parameters, &
171	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
172
173	USE control_parameters, &
174	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
175	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
176	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
177	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
178	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
179
180	USE indices, &
181	ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner
182
183	USE kinds
184
185	USE pegrid
186
187	USE radiation_model_mod, &
188	ONLY: force_radiation_call, rad_net, rad_sw_in, rad_lw_out, &
189	rad_lw_out_change_0, unscheduled_radiation_calls
190
191	USE statistics, &
192	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
193
194	IMPLICIT NONE
195
196	!
197	!-- LSM model constants
198	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
199	nzt_soil = 3, & !< top of the soil model (to be switched)
200	nzs = 4 !< number of soil layers (fixed for now)
201
202	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
203	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
204	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
205	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
206	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
207	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
208	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
209	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
210	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
211
212
213	!
214	!-- LSM variables
215	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !< NAMELIST veg_type_2d
216	soil_type = 3 !< NAMELIST soil_type_2d
217
218	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: soil_type_2d, & !< soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-7: generic (see list)
219	veg_type_2d !< vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
220
221	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: water_surface, & !< flag parameter for water surfaces (classes 14+15)
222	pave_surface, & !< flag parameter for pavements (asphalt etc.) (class 20)
223	building_surface !< flag parameter indicating that the surface element is covered by buildings (no LSM actions, not implemented yet)
224
225	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
226	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag parameter for unscheduled radiation model calls
227	land_surface = .FALSE. !< flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
228
229	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
230	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
231	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
232	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
233	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
234	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
235	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
236	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
237	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
238	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
239	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
240	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
241	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
242	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
243	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
244	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
245	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
246	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
247	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
248	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
249	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
250	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
251	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
252	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
253	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
254	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
255	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
256	rho_lv, & !< rho * l_v
257	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
258	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
259	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
260	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
261	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
262	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
263	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
264	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
265
266	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
267	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
268	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
269	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !< root extraction
270	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
271	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
272	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !< soil layer depths (m)
273	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !< soil moisture content (m3/m3)
274
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
276	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & !< soil temperature (K)
277	283.0_wp /), &
278	ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
279	dz_soil !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
280
281	#if defined( __nopointer )
282	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !< surface temperature (K)
283	t_surface_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K)
284	m_liq_eb, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
285	m_liq_eb_av, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
286	m_liq_eb_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
287	#else
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
289	t_surface_p, &
290	m_liq_eb, &
291	m_liq_eb_p
292
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
294	m_liq_eb_av, &
295	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
296	#endif
297
298	!
299	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !< surface temperature tendency (K)
301	tm_liq_eb_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
302
303	!
304	!-- Energy balance variables
305	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
306	alpha_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
307	c_liq, & !< liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
308	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
309	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
310	c_veg, & !< vegetation coverage
311	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
312	f_sw_in, & !< fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
313	ghf_eb, & !< ground heat flux
314	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
315	gamma_w_sat, & !< hydraulic conductivity at saturation
316	g_d, & !< coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
317	lai, & !< leaf area index
318	lai_av, & !< average of lai
319	lambda_surface_s, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
320	lambda_surface_u, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
321	l_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
322	m_fc, & !< soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
323	m_res, & !< residual soil moisture
324	m_sat, & !< saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
325	m_wilt, & !< soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
326	n_vg, & !< coef. Van Genuchten
327	qsws_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (total)
328	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
329	qsws_liq_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
330	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
331	qsws_soil_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
332	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
333	qsws_veg_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
334	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
335	rad_net_l, & !< local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface)
336	r_a, & !< aerodynamic resistance
337	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
338	r_canopy, & !< canopy resistance
339	r_soil, & !< soil resistance
340	r_soil_min, & !< minimum soil resistance
341	r_s, & !< total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
342	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
343	r_canopy_min, & !< minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
344	shf_eb, & !< surface flux of sensible heat
345	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
346
347
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
349	lambda_h, & !< heat conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
350	lambda_w, & !< hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
351	gamma_w, & !< hydraulic conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
352	rho_c_total !< volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
353
354	#if defined( __nopointer )
355	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
356	t_soil, & !< Soil temperature (K)
357	t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
358	t_soil_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K)
359	m_soil, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3)
360	m_soil_av, & !< Average of m_soil
361	m_soil_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
362	#else
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
364	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
365	m_soil, m_soil_p
366
367	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
368	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
369	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
370	#endif
371
372
373	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
374	tt_soil_m, & !< t_soil storage array
375	tm_soil_m, & !< m_soil storage array
376	root_fr !< root fraction (sum=1)
377
378
379	!
380	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
381	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
382	'user defined ', & ! 0
383	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
384	'short grass ', & ! 2
385	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
386	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
387	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
388	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
389	'tall grass ', & ! 7
390	'desert ', & ! 8
391	'tundra ', & ! 9
392	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
393	'semidesert ', & ! 11
394	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
395	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
396	'inland water ', & ! 14
397	'ocean ', & ! 15
398	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
399	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
400	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
401	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
402	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
403	/)
404
405	!
406	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
407	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
408	'user defined', & ! 0
409	'coarse ', & ! 1
410	'medium ', & ! 2
411	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
412	'fine ', & ! 4
413	'very fine ', & ! 5
414	'organic ', & ! 6
415	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
416	/)
417	!
418	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
419
420	!
421	!-- Land surface parameters I
422	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
423	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
424	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
425	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
426	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
427	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
428	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
429	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
430	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
431	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
432	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
433	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
434	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
435	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
436	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
437	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
438	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
439	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
440	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
441	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
442	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
443	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
444	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
445
446	!
447	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
448	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
449	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
450	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
451	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
452	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
453	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
454	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
455	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
456	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
457	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
458	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
459	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
460	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
461	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
462	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
463	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
464	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
465	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
466	2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18
467	1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, & ! 19
468	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
469	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
470
471	!
472	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
473	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
474	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
475	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
476	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
477	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
478	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
479	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
480	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
481	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
482	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
483	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
484	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
485	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
486	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
487	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
488	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
489	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
490	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
491	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
492	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
493	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
494	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
495
496	!
497	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
498	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
499	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
500	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
501	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
502	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
503	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
504	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
505	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
506	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
507	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
508	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
509	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
510	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
511	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
512	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
513	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
514	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
515	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
516	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
517	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 19
518	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
519	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
520
521	!
522	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
523
524	!
525	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
526	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
527	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
528	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
529	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
530	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
531	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
532	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
533	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
534	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
535
536	!
537	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
538	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
539	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
540	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
541	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
542	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
543	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
544	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
545	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
546	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
547
548
549	SAVE
550
551
552	PRIVATE
553
554
555	!
556	!-- Public functions
557	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
558	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,&
559	lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, &
560	lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, &
561	lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions
562	!
563	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
564	PUBLIC land_surface, skip_time_do_lsm
565
566	!
567	!-- Public grid variables
568	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
569
570	!
571	!-- Public 2D output variables
572	PUBLIC ghf_eb, qsws_eb, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_soil_eb,qsws_veg_eb, r_a, r_s, &
573	shf_eb
574
575	!
576	!-- Public prognostic variables
577	PUBLIC m_soil, t_soil
578
579
580	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
581	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
582	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
583
584	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
585	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
586	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
587
588	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
589	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
590	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
591
592	INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
593	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging
594	END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
595
596	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
597	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d
598	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
599
600	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
601	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d
602	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
603
604	INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
605	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
606	END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
607
608	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
609	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
610	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
611
612	INTERFACE lsm_header
613	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
614	END INTERFACE lsm_header
615
616	INTERFACE lsm_init
617	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
618	END INTERFACE lsm_init
619
620	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
621	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
622	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
623
624	INTERFACE lsm_parin
625	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
626	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
627
628	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
629	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
630	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
631
632	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
633	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
634	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
635
636	INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
637	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data
638	END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
639
640	INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
641	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions
642	END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
643
644	CONTAINS
645
646	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
647	! Description:
648	! ------------
649	!> Check data output for land surface model
650	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
651	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
652
653
654	USE control_parameters, &
655	ONLY: data_output, message_string
656
657	IMPLICIT NONE
658
659	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
660	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
661
662	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
663	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
664	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
665
666	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
667
668	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
669	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
670	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
671	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
672	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
673	ENDIF
674	unit = 'm3/m3'
675
676	CASE ( 't_soil' )
677	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
678	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
679	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
680	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
681	ENDIF
682	unit = 'K'
683
684	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
685	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
686	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
687	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
688	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
689	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
690	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
691	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
692	ENDIF
693	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
694	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
695	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
696	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
697	ENDIF
698	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
699	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
700	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
701	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
702	ENDIF
703	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
704	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
705	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
706	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
707	ENDIF
708	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
709	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
710	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
711	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
712	ENDIF
713	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
714	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
715	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
716	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
717	ENDIF
718	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
719	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
720	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
721	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
722	ENDIF
723	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
724	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
725	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
726	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
727	ENDIF
728	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
729	THEN
730	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
731	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
732	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
733	ENDIF
734	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
735	THEN
736	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
737	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
738	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
739	ENDIF
740	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
741	THEN
742	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
743	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
744	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
745	ENDIF
746	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
747	THEN
748	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
749	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
750	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
751	ENDIF
752	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
753	THEN
754	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
755	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
756	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
757	ENDIF
758
759	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
760	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
761	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
762	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
763	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
764	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
765	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
766	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
767	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
768	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
769	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
770	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
771	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
772
773	CASE DEFAULT
774	unit = 'illegal'
775
776	END SELECT
777
778
779	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
780
781
782	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
783	! Description:
784	! ------------
785	!> Check data output of profiles for land surface model
786	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
787	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
788
789	USE control_parameters, &
790	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
791
792	USE indices
793
794	USE profil_parameter
795
796	USE statistics
797
798	IMPLICIT NONE
799
800	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
801	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
802	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
803
804	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
805	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
806
807	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
808
809	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
810	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
811	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
812	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
813	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
814	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
815	ELSE
816	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
817	dopr_unit = 'K'
818	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
819	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
820	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
821	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
822	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
823	ENDIF
824	unit = dopr_unit
825	ENDIF
826
827	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
828	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
829	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
830	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
831	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
832	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
833	ELSE
834	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
835	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
836	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
837	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
838	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
839	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
840	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
841	ENDIF
842	unit = dopr_unit
843	ENDIF
844
845
846	CASE DEFAULT
847	unit = 'illegal'
848
849	END SELECT
850
851
852	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
853
854
855	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
856	! Description:
857	! ------------
858	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
859	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
860	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
861
862	USE control_parameters, &
863	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
864	most_method, topography
865
866	USE radiation_model_mod, &
867	ONLY: radiation
868
869
870	IMPLICIT NONE
871
872
873	!
874	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
875	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
876	!-- model
877	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
878	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
879	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
880	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
881	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
882	ENDIF
883
884	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
885	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
886	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
887	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
888	ENDIF
889
890	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
891	message_string = 'lsm cannot be used ' // &
892	'in combination with topography /= "flat"'
893	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0415', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
894	ENDIF
895
896	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
897	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
898	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
899	'allowed in combination with ', &
900	'most_method = ', most_method
901	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
902	ENDIF
903
904	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
905	IF ( SUM( root_fraction ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
906	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
907	'requires setting of root_fraction(0:3)'// &
908	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
909	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
910	ENDIF
911
912	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
913	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
914	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
915	'/= 9999999.9'
916	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
917	ENDIF
918
919	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
920	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
921	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
922	'/= 9999999.9'
923	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
924	ENDIF
925
926	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
927	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
928	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
929	'/= 9999999.9'
930	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
931	ENDIF
932
933	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
934	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
935	'requires setting of'// &
936	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
937	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
938	ENDIF
939
940	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
941	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
942	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
943	'/= 9999999.9'
944	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
945	ENDIF
946
947	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
948	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
949	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
950	'/= 9999999.9'
951	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
952	ENDIF
953
954	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
955	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
956	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
957	'/= 9999999.9'
958	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
959	ENDIF
960
961	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
962	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
963	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
964	'/= 9999999.9'
965	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
966	ENDIF
967
968	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
969	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
970	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
971	'/= 9999999.9'
972	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
973	ENDIF
974
975
976	ENDIF
977
978	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
979
980	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
981	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
982	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
983	'/= 9999999.9'
984	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
985	ENDIF
986
987	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
988	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
989	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
990	'/= 9999999.9'
991	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
992	ENDIF
993
994	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
995	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
996	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
997	'/= 9999999.9'
998	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
999	ENDIF
1000
1001	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1002	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1003	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
1004	'/= 9999999.9'
1005	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1006	ENDIF
1007
1008	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1009	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1010	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
1011	'/= 9999999.9'
1012	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1013	ENDIF
1014
1015	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1016	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1017	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
1018	'/= 9999999.9'
1019	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1020	ENDIF
1021
1022	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1023	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1024	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
1025	'/= 9999999.9'
1026	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1027	ENDIF
1028
1029	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1030	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1031	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
1032	'/= 9999999.9'
1033	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1034	ENDIF
1035
1036	ENDIF
1037
1038	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
1039	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
1040	'radiation = .T.'
1041	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1042	ENDIF
1043
1044
1045	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
1046
1047	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1048	! Description:
1049	! ------------
1050	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
1051	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1052	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1053
1054
1055	IMPLICIT NONE
1056
1057	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1058	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1059	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !< running index
1060
1061	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
1062	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
1063	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
1064	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
1065	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
1066	e, & !< water vapour pressure
1067	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
1068	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
1069	tend, & !< tendency
1070	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
1071	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1072	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1073	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
1074	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
1075	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
1076	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
1077	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
1078	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
1079	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
1080	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
1081	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
1082
1083	!
1084	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
1085	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1086
1087	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1088	DO j = nysg, nyng
1089	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1090
1091	!
1092	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
1093	IF ( .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1094
1095	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
1096
1097	IF ( t_surface(j,i) >= t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)) THEN
1098	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
1099	ELSE
1100	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
1101	ENDIF
1102	ELSE
1103
1104	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
1105	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
1106
1107	ENDIF
1108
1109	!
1110	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
1111	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
1112	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
1113	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
1114	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1115	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1116	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i)
1117	ELSE
1118	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1119	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i)
1120	ENDIF
1121
1122	r_a(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp)
1123
1124	!
1125	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
1126	!-- stratification
1127	IF ( ABS(r_a(j,i)) < 1.0_wp ) r_a(j,i) = 1.0_wp
1128
1129	!
1130	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
1131	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
1132
1133	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
1134	!-- night)
1135	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) / &
1136	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) &
1137	+ 1.0_wp)) )
1138
1139
1140
1141	!
1142	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
1143	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
1144	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
1145	m_total = 0.0_wp
1146	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1147	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
1148	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
1149	ENDDO
1150
1151	IF ( m_total > m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total < m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1152	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
1153	ELSEIF ( m_total >= m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1154	f2 = 1.0_wp
1155	ELSE
1156	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
1157	ENDIF
1158
1159	!
1160	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1161	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
1162	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
1163
1164	!
1165	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1166	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1167	!
1168	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1169	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1170	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
1171	ELSE
1172	f3 = 1.0_wp
1173	ENDIF
1174
1175	!
1176	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1177	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1178	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1179	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
1180	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
1181
1182	!
1183	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
1184	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
1185	IF ( soil_type_2d(j,i) /= 7 ) THEN
1186	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
1187	m_res(j,i)
1188	ELSE
1189	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
1190	ENDIF
1191
1192	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
1193	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
1194	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
1195
1196	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
1197
1198	!
1199	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
1200	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
1201	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
1202	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
1203	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
1204	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
1205	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1206	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
1207	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, (m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
1208	ELSE
1209	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( c_veg(j,i) * lai(j,i) &
1210	+ (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) )
1211	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max )
1212	ENDIF
1213
1214	!
1215	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1216	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1217
1218	!
1219	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1220	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1221	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
1222	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1223	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1224	ENDIF
1225
1226	!
1227	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1228	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
1229	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
1230	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1231	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1232	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1233	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / r_a(j,i)
1234	ELSEIF ( pave_surface (j,i) ) THEN
1235	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1236	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1237	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1238	ELSE
1239	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
1240	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
1241	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
1242	r_soil(j,i))
1243	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1244	ENDIF
1245	!
1246	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
1247	!-- transpirate.
1248	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1249	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1250	! ENDIF
1251
1252	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
1253	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1254
1255	!
1256	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1257	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
1258	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
1259	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1260
1261	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
1262
1263	!
1264	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1265	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
1266
1267	!
1268	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
1269	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1270
1271	!
1272	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1273	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1274	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1275	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
1276	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
1277	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1278
1279	!
1280	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1281	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
1282	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1283	ELSE
1284
1285	!
1286	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1287	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1288	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1289	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
1290	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1291
1292	!
1293	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1294	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1295
1296	ENDIF
1297
1298	tend = 0.0_wp
1299
1300	!
1301	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1302	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1303	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp * &
1304	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2 &
1305	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
1306
1307	!
1308	!-- Add RK3 term
1309	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1310
1311	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1312	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1313
1314	!
1315	!-- Calculate true tendency
1316	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1317	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1318	!
1319	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1320	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1321	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1322	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
1323	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1324	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1325	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1326	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1327	ENDIF
1328	ENDIF
1329	ENDIF
1330
1331	!
1332	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
1333	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
1334	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
1335	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
1336	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
1337	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
1338	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
1339	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
1340	IF ( ABS( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
1341	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
1342	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
1343	ENDIF
1344
1345	pt(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
1346
1347	!
1348	!-- Calculate fluxes
1349	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1350	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1351	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * t_surface_p(j,i)
1352
1353	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i)
1354	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1355	* ( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) )
1356
1357	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
1358	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
1359
1360	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - pt(k,j,i) )
1361
1362	shf(j,i) = shf_eb(j,i) / rho_cp
1363
1364	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1365	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1366	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) )
1367
1368	qsws(j,i) = qsws_eb(j,i) / rho_lv
1369
1370	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
1371	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1372	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1373
1374	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
1375	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1376	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1377
1378	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
1379	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1380	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1381	ENDIF
1382
1383	!
1384	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1385	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1386	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
1387	ELSE
1388	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1389	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
1390	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
1391	ENDIF
1392
1393	!
1394	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1395	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1396	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1397	!
1398	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
1399	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
1400	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1401	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1402
1403	!
1404	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
1405	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
1406	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
1407	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
1408	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1409	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
1410	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1411	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1412	ELSE
1413	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1414	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1415	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1416	ENDIF
1417
1418	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
1419	!-- coverage.
1420	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) + (1.0_wp &
1421	- c_veg(j,i)) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1422	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1423	ENDIF
1424
1425	!
1426	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1427	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1428
1429	!
1430	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
1431	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
1432	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1433	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1434	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1435	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1436	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
1437
1438	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1439	ENDIF
1440
1441	!
1442	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1443	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1444	!-- plant
1445	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1446	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
1447	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1448	ENDIF
1449	ENDIF
1450
1451	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
1452	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
1453	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
1454
1455	!
1456	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1457	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1458	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
1459
1460	!
1461	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1462	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1463	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
1464
1465
1466	!
1467	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1468	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1469	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1470	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
1471	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1472	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1473	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1474	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
1475	ENDIF
1476	ENDIF
1477
1478	ENDIF
1479
1480	ENDDO
1481	ENDDO
1482
1483	!
1484	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
1485	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
1486	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
1487	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
1488	#if defined( __parallel )
1489	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1490	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
1491	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
1492	#else
1493	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
1494	#endif
1495	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
1496	ENDIF
1497
1498	!
1499	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1500	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1501	CALL calc_q_surface
1502	ENDIF
1503
1504	!
1505	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1506	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1507
1508
1509	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1510
1511
1512	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1513	! Description:
1514	! ------------
1515	!> Header output for land surface model
1516	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1517	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
1518
1519
1520	IMPLICIT NONE
1521
1522	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
1523	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
1524	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
1525	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
1526	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
1527	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
1528
1529	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
1530
1531	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1532
1533	t_soil_chr = ''
1534	m_soil_chr = ''
1535	soil_depth_chr = ''
1536	roots_chr = ''
1537	vertical_index_chr = ''
1538
1539	i = 1
1540	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1541	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
1542	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1543
1544	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
1545	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1546
1547	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
1548	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1549
1550	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
1551	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1552
1553	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
1554	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
1555	TRIM( coor_chr )
1556	ENDDO
1557
1558	!
1559	!-- Write land surface model header
1560	WRITE( io, 1 )
1561	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1562	WRITE( io, 2 )
1563	ELSE
1564	WRITE( io, 3 )
1565	ENDIF
1566
1567	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
1568	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
1569	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
1570	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
1571	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
1572
1573	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
1574	' ------------------------------'/)
1575	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
1576	', default)')
1577	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
1578	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
1579	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
1580	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
1581	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
1582	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
1583	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
1584	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
1585	' Grid point: ',A)
1586
1587	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
1588
1589
1590	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1591	! Description:
1592	! ------------
1593	!> Initialization of the land surface model
1594	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1595	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1596
1597
1598	IMPLICIT NONE
1599
1600	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1601	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1602	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1603
1604	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
1605
1606
1607	!
1608	!-- Calculate Exner function
1609	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1610
1611
1612	!
1613	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
1614	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
1615	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
1616	ENDIF
1617
1618	!
1619	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
1620	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
1621	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
1622	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
1623	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
1624
1625	!
1626	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
1627	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
1628	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1629	tm_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1630	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
1631	c_liq = 0.0_wp
1632
1633	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1634	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
1635
1636	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1637	qsws_eb = rho_lv * qsws
1638	ELSE
1639	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1640	ENDIF
1641
1642	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1643	qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1644	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1645
1646	r_a = 50.0_wp
1647	r_s = 50.0_wp
1648	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1649	r_soil = 0.0_wp
1650
1651	!
1652	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
1653	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1654	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1655	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1656
1657	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1658	!
1659	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1660	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1661	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1662	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1663
1664	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1665	ENDIF
1666
1667	!
1668	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
1669	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
1670	!-- at the centers
1671	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
1672
1673	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
1674	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
1675	ENDDO
1676	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1677
1678	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
1679	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
1680	ENDDO
1681	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1682
1683	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
1684	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
1685
1686	!
1687	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
1688	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
1689	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
1690	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
1691
1692	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1693	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1694	ENDIF
1695
1696	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1697	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1698	ENDIF
1699
1700	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1701	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1702	ENDIF
1703
1704	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1705	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1706	ENDIF
1707
1708	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1709	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1710	ENDIF
1711
1712	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1713	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1714	ENDIF
1715
1716	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1717	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1718	ENDIF
1719
1720	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1721	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1722	ENDIF
1723
1724	ENDIF
1725
1726	!
1727	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
1728	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
1729	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
1730	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
1731	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
1732	m_sat = saturation_moisture
1733	m_fc = field_capacity
1734	m_wilt = wilting_point
1735	m_res = residual_moisture
1736	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
1737
1738	!
1739	!-- Initial run actions
1740	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1741
1742	t_soil = 0.0_wp
1743	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1744	m_soil = 0.0_wp
1745
1746	!
1747	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
1748	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
1749	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
1750	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1751	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
1752	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
1753	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
1754	ENDDO
1755	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
1756
1757	!
1758	!-- Calculate surface temperature
1759	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
1760
1761	!
1762	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
1763	!-- for the first time step
1764	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1765	DO j = nysg, nyng
1766	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1767
1768	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1769	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1770	ELSE
1771	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1772	ENDIF
1773
1774	!
1775	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
1776	IF ( pt1 == pt(k,j,i) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
1777
1778	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
1779	ts(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
1780	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
1781	ENDDO
1782	ENDDO
1783
1784	!
1785	!-- Actions for restart runs
1786	ELSE
1787
1788	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1789	DO j = nysg, nyng
1790	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1791	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
1792	ENDDO
1793	ENDDO
1794
1795	ENDIF
1796
1797	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1798	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
1799	ENDDO
1800
1801	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
1802	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1803	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
1804	ENDIF
1805	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1806	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
1807	ENDIF
1808	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1809	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
1810	ENDIF
1811	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1812	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
1813	ENDIF
1814	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1815	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
1816	ENDIF
1817	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1818	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
1819	ENDIF
1820	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1821	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
1822	ENDIF
1823	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1824	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1825	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1826	ENDIF
1827	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1828	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
1829	ENDIF
1830	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1831	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
1832	ENDIF
1833	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
1834
1835	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
1836	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1837	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1838	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1839	ENDDO
1840	ENDIF
1841
1842	ELSE
1843
1844	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1845	z0_eb = roughness_length
1846	ENDIF
1847	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1848	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1849	ENDIF
1850	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1851	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1852	ENDIF
1853
1854	ENDIF
1855
1856	!
1857	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
1858	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
1859	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
1860	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1861	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
1862	ELSE
1863	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
1864	ENDIF
1865	ENDIF
1866
1867	!
1868	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
1869	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
1870	veg_type_2d = veg_type
1871	soil_type_2d = soil_type
1872
1873	!
1874	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
1875	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
1876	lai = leaf_area_index
1877	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
1878	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
1879	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
1880	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
1881	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
1882	z0 = z0_eb
1883	z0h = z0h_eb
1884	z0q = z0q_eb
1885
1886	!
1887	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
1888	CALL user_init_land_surface
1889
1890	!
1891	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
1892	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
1893	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1894	DO j = nysg, nyng
1895	IF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 14 .OR. veg_type_2d(j,i) == 15 ) THEN
1896	water_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1897	t_soil(:,j,i) = t_surface(j,i)
1898	ELSEIF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 20 ) THEN
1899	pave_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1900	m_soil(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1901	ENDIF
1902
1903	ENDDO
1904	ENDDO
1905
1906	!
1907	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1908	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1909
1910	t_soil_p = t_soil
1911	m_soil_p = m_soil
1912	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
1913	t_surface_p = t_surface
1914
1915
1916
1917	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
1918	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
1919	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1920	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1921	statistic_regions+1 )
1922	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1923	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1924	statistic_regions+1 )
1925
1926	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1927
1928
1929	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1930	! Description:
1931	! ------------
1932	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
1933	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1934	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
1935
1936
1937	IMPLICIT NONE
1938
1939	!
1940	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
1941	#if defined( __nopointer )
1942	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1943	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1944	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1945	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1946	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1947	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1948	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1949	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1950	#else
1951	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1952	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1953	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1954	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1955	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1956	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1957	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1958	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1959	#endif
1960
1961	!
1962	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
1963	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1964	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1965	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1966	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1967
1968	!
1969	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
1970	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1971	ALLOCATE ( building_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1972	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1973	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1974	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1975	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1976	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1977	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1978	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1979	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1980	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1981	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1982	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1983	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1984	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1985	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1986	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1987	ALLOCATE ( pave_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1988	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1989	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1990	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1991	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1992	ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1993	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1994	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1995	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1996	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1997	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1998	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1999	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2000	ALLOCATE ( soil_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2001	ALLOCATE ( veg_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2002	ALLOCATE ( water_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2003
2004	water_surface = .FALSE.
2005	pave_surface = .FALSE.
2006
2007	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
2008	!
2009	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
2010	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2011	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2012	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2013	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2014	#endif
2015
2016
2017	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2018
2019
2020	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2021	! Description:
2022	! ------------
2023	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
2024	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2025	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2026
2027
2028	IMPLICIT NONE
2029
2030	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
2031
2032	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
2033	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
2034	conserve_water_content, &
2035	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
2036	hydraulic_conductivity, &
2037	lambda_surface_stable, &
2038	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
2039	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
2040	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
2041	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
2042	pave_heat_conductivity, &
2043	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
2044	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
2045	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
2046	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
2047	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
2048
2049	line = ' '
2050
2051	!
2052	!-- Try to find land surface model package
2053	REWIND ( 11 )
2054	line = ' '
2055	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
2056	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
2057	ENDDO
2058	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
2059
2060	!
2061	!-- Read user-defined namelist
2062	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
2063
2064	!
2065	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
2066	land_surface = .TRUE.
2067
2068	10 CONTINUE
2069
2070
2071	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2072
2073
2074	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2075	! Description:
2076	! ------------
2077	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
2078	!> temperature and water content.
2079	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2080	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2081
2082
2083	IMPLICIT NONE
2084
2085	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2086	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2087	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2088
2089	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
2090
2091	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
2092	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
2093	tend !< tendency
2094
2095	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2096	DO j = nysg, nyng
2097
2098	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2099	rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2100	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
2101	ENDIF
2102
2103	IF ( .NOT. water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2104	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2105
2106
2107	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
2108
2109	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2110	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
2111
2112	ELSE
2113	!
2114	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
2115	!-- into account water content
2116	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
2117	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
2118
2119	!
2120	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
2121	!-- layers
2122	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) * &
2123	lambda_h_water ** m_soil(k,j,i)
2124
2125	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) &
2126	/ m_sat(j,i)))
2127
2128	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
2129	lambda_h_dry
2130	ENDIF
2131
2132	ENDDO
2133
2134	!
2135	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
2136	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
2137	!-- true pavement depth is considered
2138	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2139	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
2140	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
2141	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1) &
2142	* lambda_temp(k) &
2143	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
2144	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
2145	ELSE
2146	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2147	* 0.5_wp
2148	ENDIF
2149	ENDDO
2150	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155	!
2156	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
2157	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2158
2159	tend(nzb_soil) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
2160	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
2161	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
2162	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2163
2164	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2165	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
2166	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
2167	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
2168	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
2169	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
2170	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
2171	* ddz_soil(k) &
2172	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2173
2174	ENDDO
2175
2176	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2177	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
2178	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
2179	+ tsc(3) &
2180	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2181
2182	!
2183	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2184	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2185	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2186	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2187	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2188	ENDDO
2189	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2190	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2191	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2192	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2193	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
2194	ENDDO
2195	ENDIF
2196	ENDIF
2197
2198
2199	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2200
2201	!
2202	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
2203	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
2204	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), &
2205	m_wilt(j,i) ) / m_sat(j,i) )**( &
2206	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
2207
2208	!
2209	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
2210	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
2211	!
2212	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
2213	!-- (1980)
2214	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
2215	MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), m_wilt(j,i) ) ) )**( &
2216	n_vg(j,i) / (n_vg(j,i) - 1.0_wp ) ) - 1.0_wp &
2217	)**( 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) / alpha_vg(j,i)
2218
2219
2220	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
2221	( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )n_vg(j,i))( &
2222	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) - ( &
2223	alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )**( n_vg(j,i) &
2224	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
2225	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg &
2226	)n_vg(j,i) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
2227	/ n_vg(j,i) ) *( l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp) ) )
2228
2229	!
2230	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
2231	ELSE
2232	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( m_soil(k,j,i) &
2233	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
2234	ENDIF
2235
2236	ENDDO
2237
2238	!
2239	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
2240	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
2241	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
2242	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2243	!
2244	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
2245	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
2246	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
2247	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2248
2249	lambda_w(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2250	* 0.5_wp
2251	gamma_w(k,j,i) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + gamma_temp(k) ) &
2252	* 0.5_wp
2253
2254	ENDDO
2255
2256	!
2257	!
2258	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
2259	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
2260	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
2261	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
2262	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2263	ELSE
2264	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
2265	ENDIF
2266
2267	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
2268	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
2269	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
2270	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
2271	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
2272	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
2273	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
2274	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
2275
2276	!
2277	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
2278	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
2279	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
2280	!-- additional check.
2281	m_total = 0.0_wp
2282	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2283	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2284	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
2285	ENDIF
2286	ENDDO
2287
2288	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2289	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2290	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2291	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) &
2292	/ m_total
2293	ELSE
2294	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
2295	ENDIF
2296	ENDDO
2297	ENDIF
2298
2299	!
2300	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil.
2301	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2302
2303	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
2304	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
2305	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
2306	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
2307	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
2308	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2309
2310	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
2311	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
2312	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2313	- gamma_w(k,j,i) &
2314	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
2315	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k) &
2316	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
2317	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
2318	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2319
2320	ENDDO
2321	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2322	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
2323	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2324	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
2325	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
2326	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
2327	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
2328	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
2329	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
2330
2331	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2332	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
2333	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2334
2335	!
2336	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
2337	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2338	IF ( m_soil_p(k,j,i) < 0.0_wp ) m_soil_p(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2339	ENDDO
2340
2341	!
2342	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2343	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2344	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2345	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2346	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2347	ENDDO
2348	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2349	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2350	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2351	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp&
2352	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
2353	ENDDO
2354	ENDIF
2355	ENDIF
2356
2357	ENDIF
2358
2359	ENDIF
2360
2361	ENDDO
2362	ENDDO
2363
2364	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2365
2366
2367	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2368	! Description:
2369	! ------------
2370	!> Swapping of timelevels
2371	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2372	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
2373
2374	IMPLICIT NONE
2375
2376	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
2377
2378	#if defined( __nopointer )
2379
2380	t_surface = t_surface_p
2381	t_soil = t_soil_p
2382	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2383	m_soil = m_soil_p
2384	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
2385	ENDIF
2386
2387	#else
2388
2389	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
2390
2391	CASE ( 0 )
2392
2393	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2394	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2395	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2396	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2397	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2398	ENDIF
2399
2400
2401	CASE ( 1 )
2402
2403	t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1
2404	t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1
2405	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2406	m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1
2407	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1
2408	ENDIF
2409
2410	END SELECT
2411	#endif
2412
2413	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2419	!
2420	! Description:
2421	! ------------
2422	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
2423	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2424	SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
2425
2426
2427	USE control_parameters
2428
2429	USE indices
2430
2431	USE kinds
2432
2433	IMPLICIT NONE
2434
2435	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2436	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2437
2438	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2439	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2440	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2441
2442	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
2443
2444	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2445
2446	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2447	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
2448	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2449	ENDIF
2450	c_liq_av = 0.0_wp
2451
2452	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2453	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
2454	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2455	ENDIF
2456	c_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2457
2458	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2459	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
2460	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2461	ENDIF
2462	c_veg_av = 0.0_wp
2463
2464	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2465	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2466	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2467	ENDIF
2468	ghf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2469
2470	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2471	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
2472	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2473	ENDIF
2474	lai_av = 0.0_wp
2475
2476	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2477	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2478	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2479	ENDIF
2480	m_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2481
2482	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2483	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
2484	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2485	ENDIF
2486	m_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2487
2488	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2489	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
2490	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2491	ENDIF
2492	qsws_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2493
2494	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2495	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2496	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2497	ENDIF
2498	qsws_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2499
2500	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2501	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
2502	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2503	ENDIF
2504	qsws_soil_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2505
2506	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2507	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
2508	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2509	ENDIF
2510	qsws_veg_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2511
2512	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2513	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN
2514	ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2515	ENDIF
2516	r_a_av = 0.0_wp
2517
2518	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2519	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN
2520	ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2521	ENDIF
2522	r_s_av = 0.0_wp
2523
2524	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2525	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2526	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2527	ENDIF
2528	shf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2529
2530	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2531	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
2532	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2533	ENDIF
2534	t_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2535
2536	CASE DEFAULT
2537	CONTINUE
2538
2539	END SELECT
2540
2541	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
2542
2543	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2544
2545	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2546	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2547	DO j = nysg, nyng
2548	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + c_liq(j,i)
2549	ENDDO
2550	ENDDO
2551
2552	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2553	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2554	DO j = nysg, nyng
2555	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - c_veg(j,i))
2556	ENDDO
2557	ENDDO
2558
2559	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2560	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2561	DO j = nysg, nyng
2562	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + c_veg(j,i)
2563	ENDDO
2564	ENDDO
2565
2566	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2567	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2568	DO j = nysg, nyng
2569	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) + ghf_eb(j,i)
2570	ENDDO
2571	ENDDO
2572
2573	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2574	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2575	DO j = nysg, nyng
2576	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + lai(j,i)
2577	ENDDO
2578	ENDDO
2579
2580	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2581	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2582	DO j = nysg, nyng
2583	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) + m_liq_eb(j,i)
2584	ENDDO
2585	ENDDO
2586
2587	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2588	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2589	DO j = nysg, nyng
2590	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2591	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil(k,j,i)
2592	ENDDO
2593	ENDDO
2594	ENDDO
2595
2596	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2597	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2598	DO j = nysg, nyng
2599	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_eb(j,i)
2600	ENDDO
2601	ENDDO
2602
2603	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2604	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2605	DO j = nysg, nyng
2606	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
2607	ENDDO
2608	ENDDO
2609
2610	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2611	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2612	DO j = nysg, nyng
2613	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
2614	ENDDO
2615	ENDDO
2616
2617	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2618	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2619	DO j = nysg, nyng
2620	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
2621	ENDDO
2622	ENDDO
2623
2624	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2625	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2626	DO j = nysg, nyng
2627	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + r_a(j,i)
2628	ENDDO
2629	ENDDO
2630
2631	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2632	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2633	DO j = nysg, nyng
2634	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + r_s(j,i)
2635	ENDDO
2636	ENDDO
2637
2638	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2639	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2640	DO j = nysg, nyng
2641	shf_eb_av(j,i) = shf_eb_av(j,i) + shf_eb(j,i)
2642	ENDDO
2643	ENDDO
2644
2645	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2646	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2647	DO j = nysg, nyng
2648	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2649	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil(k,j,i)
2650	ENDDO
2651	ENDDO
2652	ENDDO
2653
2654	CASE DEFAULT
2655	CONTINUE
2656
2657	END SELECT
2658
2659	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
2660
2661	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2662
2663	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2664	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2665	DO j = nysg, nyng
2666	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2667	ENDDO
2668	ENDDO
2669
2670	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2671	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2672	DO j = nysg, nyng
2673	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2674	ENDDO
2675	ENDDO
2676
2677	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2678	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2679	DO j = nysg, nyng
2680	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2681	ENDDO
2682	ENDDO
2683
2684	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2685	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2686	DO j = nysg, nyng
2687	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2688	ENDDO
2689	ENDDO
2690
2691	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2692	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2693	DO j = nysg, nyng
2694	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2695	ENDDO
2696	ENDDO
2697
2698	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2699	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2700	DO j = nysg, nyng
2701	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2702	ENDDO
2703	ENDDO
2704
2705	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2706	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2707	DO j = nysg, nyng
2708	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2709	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2710	ENDDO
2711	ENDDO
2712	ENDDO
2713
2714	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2715	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2716	DO j = nysg, nyng
2717	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2718	ENDDO
2719	ENDDO
2720
2721	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2722	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2723	DO j = nysg, nyng
2724	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2725	ENDDO
2726	ENDDO
2727
2728	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2729	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2730	DO j = nysg, nyng
2731	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2732	ENDDO
2733	ENDDO
2734
2735	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2736	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2737	DO j = nysg, nyng
2738	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2739	ENDDO
2740	ENDDO
2741
2742	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2743	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2744	DO j = nysg, nyng
2745	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2746	ENDDO
2747	ENDDO
2748
2749	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2750	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2751	DO j = nysg, nyng
2752	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2753	ENDDO
2754	ENDDO
2755
2756	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2757	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2758	DO j = nysg, nyng
2759	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2760	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2761	ENDDO
2762	ENDDO
2763	ENDDO
2764
2765	END SELECT
2766
2767	ENDIF
2768
2769	END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging
2770
2771
2772	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2773	!
2774	! Description:
2775	! ------------
2776	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
2777	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
2778	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2779	SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
2780
2781	IMPLICIT NONE
2782
2783	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
2784	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
2785	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
2786	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
2787	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
2788
2789	found = .TRUE.
2790
2791	!
2792	!-- Check for the grid
2793	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
2794
2795	CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil', 'm_soil_xy', 't_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', &
2796	't_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz', 't_soil_yz' )
2797	grid_x = 'x'
2798	grid_y = 'y'
2799	grid_z = 'zs'
2800
2801	CASE DEFAULT
2802	found = .FALSE.
2803	grid_x = 'none'
2804	grid_y = 'none'
2805	grid_z = 'none'
2806	END SELECT
2807
2808	END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
2809
2810	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2811	!
2812	! Description:
2813	! ------------
2814	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
2815	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2816	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, &
2817	two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do )
2818
2819	USE indices
2820
2821	USE kinds
2822
2823
2824	IMPLICIT NONE
2825
2826	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !<
2827	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2828	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2829
2830	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
2831	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2832	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2833	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2834	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !<
2835	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !<
2836
2837	LOGICAL :: found !<
2838	LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections)
2839
2840	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !<
2841
2842	found = .TRUE.
2843
2844	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2845
2846
2847	CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2848	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2849	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2850	DO j = nysg, nyng
2851	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq(j,i) * c_veg(j,i)
2852	ENDDO
2853	ENDDO
2854	ELSE
2855	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2856	DO j = nysg, nyng
2857	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i)
2858	ENDDO
2859	ENDDO
2860	ENDIF
2861
2862	two_d = .TRUE.
2863	grid = 'zu1'
2864
2865	CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2866	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2867	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2868	DO j = nysg, nyng
2869	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)
2870	ENDDO
2871	ENDDO
2872	ELSE
2873	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2874	DO j = nysg, nyng
2875	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i)
2876	ENDDO
2877	ENDDO
2878	ENDIF
2879
2880	two_d = .TRUE.
2881	grid = 'zu1'
2882
2883	CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2884	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2885	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2886	DO j = nysg, nyng
2887	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg(j,i)
2888	ENDDO
2889	ENDDO
2890	ELSE
2891	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2892	DO j = nysg, nyng
2893	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i)
2894	ENDDO
2895	ENDDO
2896	ENDIF
2897
2898	two_d = .TRUE.
2899	grid = 'zu1'
2900
2901	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2902	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2903	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2904	DO j = nysg, nyng
2905	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb(j,i)
2906	ENDDO
2907	ENDDO
2908	ELSE
2909	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2910	DO j = nysg, nyng
2911	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb_av(j,i)
2912	ENDDO
2913	ENDDO
2914	ENDIF
2915
2916	two_d = .TRUE.
2917	grid = 'zu1'
2918
2919	CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2920	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2921	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2922	DO j = nysg, nyng
2923	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai(j,i)
2924	ENDDO
2925	ENDDO
2926	ELSE
2927	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2928	DO j = nysg, nyng
2929	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i)
2930	ENDDO
2931	ENDDO
2932	ENDIF
2933
2934	two_d = .TRUE.
2935	grid = 'zu1'
2936
2937	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2938	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2939	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2940	DO j = nysg, nyng
2941	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb(j,i)
2942	ENDDO
2943	ENDDO
2944	ELSE
2945	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2946	DO j = nysg, nyng
2947	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i)
2948	ENDDO
2949	ENDDO
2950	ENDIF
2951
2952	two_d = .TRUE.
2953	grid = 'zu1'
2954
2955	CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' )
2956	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2957	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2958	DO j = nysg, nyng
2959	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2960	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
2961	ENDDO
2962	ENDDO
2963	ENDDO
2964	ELSE
2965	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2966	DO j = nysg, nyng
2967	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2968	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
2969	ENDDO
2970	ENDDO
2971	ENDDO
2972	ENDIF
2973
2974	nzb_do = nzb_soil
2975	nzt_do = nzt_soil
2976
2977	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
2978
2979	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2980	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2981	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2982	DO j = nysg, nyng
2983	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb(j,i)
2984	ENDDO
2985	ENDDO
2986	ELSE
2987	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2988	DO j = nysg, nyng
2989	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb_av(j,i)
2990	ENDDO
2991	ENDDO
2992	ENDIF
2993
2994	two_d = .TRUE.
2995	grid = 'zu1'
2996
2997	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2998	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2999	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3000	DO j = nysg, nyng
3001	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
3002	ENDDO
3003	ENDDO
3004	ELSE
3005	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3006	DO j = nysg, nyng
3007	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3008	ENDDO
3009	ENDDO
3010	ENDIF
3011
3012	two_d = .TRUE.
3013	grid = 'zu1'
3014
3015	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3016	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3017	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3018	DO j = nysg, nyng
3019	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
3020	ENDDO
3021	ENDDO
3022	ELSE
3023	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3024	DO j = nysg, nyng
3025	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i)
3026	ENDDO
3027	ENDDO
3028	ENDIF
3029
3030	two_d = .TRUE.
3031	grid = 'zu1'
3032
3033	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3034	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3035	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3036	DO j = nysg, nyng
3037	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
3038	ENDDO
3039	ENDDO
3040	ELSE
3041	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3042	DO j = nysg, nyng
3043	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i)
3044	ENDDO
3045	ENDDO
3046	ENDIF
3047
3048	two_d = .TRUE.
3049	grid = 'zu1'
3050
3051
3052	CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3053	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3054	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3055	DO j = nysg, nyng
3056	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a(j,i)
3057	ENDDO
3058	ENDDO
3059	ELSE
3060	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3061	DO j = nysg, nyng
3062	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i)
3063	ENDDO
3064	ENDDO
3065	ENDIF
3066
3067	two_d = .TRUE.
3068	grid = 'zu1'
3069
3070	CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3071	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3072	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3073	DO j = nysg, nyng
3074	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s(j,i)
3075	ENDDO
3076	ENDDO
3077	ELSE
3078	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3079	DO j = nysg, nyng
3080	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i)
3081	ENDDO
3082	ENDDO
3083	ENDIF
3084
3085	two_d = .TRUE.
3086	grid = 'zu1'
3087
3088	CASE ( 'shf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3089	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3090	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3091	DO j = nysg, nyng
3092	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb(j,i)
3093	ENDDO
3094	ENDDO
3095	ELSE
3096	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3097	DO j = nysg, nyng
3098	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb_av(j,i)
3099	ENDDO
3100	ENDDO
3101	ENDIF
3102
3103	two_d = .TRUE.
3104	grid = 'zu1'
3105
3106	CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' )
3107	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3108	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3109	DO j = nysg, nyng
3110	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3111	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3112	ENDDO
3113	ENDDO
3114	ENDDO
3115	ELSE
3116	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3117	DO j = nysg, nyng
3118	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3119	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3120	ENDDO
3121	ENDDO
3122	ENDDO
3123	ENDIF
3124
3125	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3126	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3127
3128	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3129
3130	CASE DEFAULT
3131	found = .FALSE.
3132	grid = 'none'
3133
3134	END SELECT
3135
3136	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d
3137
3138
3139	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3140	!
3141	! Description:
3142	! ------------
3143	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3144	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3145	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
3146
3147
3148	USE indices
3149
3150	USE kinds
3151
3152
3153	IMPLICIT NONE
3154
3155	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3156
3157	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3158	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3159	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3160	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3161
3162	LOGICAL :: found !<
3163
3164	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !<
3165
3166
3167	found = .TRUE.
3168
3169
3170	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3171
3172
3173	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3174
3175	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3176	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3177	DO j = nysg, nyng
3178	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3179	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
3180	ENDDO
3181	ENDDO
3182	ENDDO
3183	ELSE
3184	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3185	DO j = nysg, nyng
3186	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3187	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3188	ENDDO
3189	ENDDO
3190	ENDDO
3191	ENDIF
3192
3193	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3194
3195	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3196	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3197	DO j = nysg, nyng
3198	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3199	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3200	ENDDO
3201	ENDDO
3202	ENDDO
3203	ELSE
3204	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3205	DO j = nysg, nyng
3206	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3207	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3208	ENDDO
3209	ENDDO
3210	ENDDO
3211	ENDIF
3212
3213
3214	CASE DEFAULT
3215	found = .FALSE.
3216
3217	END SELECT
3218
3219
3220	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d
3221
3222
3223	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3224	!
3225	! Description:
3226	! ------------
3227	!> Write restart data for land surface model
3228	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3229	SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3230
3231
3232	USE control_parameters
3233
3234	USE kinds
3235
3236	IMPLICIT NONE
3237
3238	IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN
3239	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3240	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av
3241	ENDIF
3242	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3243	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av
3244	ENDIF
3245	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3246	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av
3247	ENDIF
3248	IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3249	WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_eb_av
3250	ENDIF
3251	IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3252	WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av
3253	ENDIF
3254	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb
3255	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3256	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_av
3257	ENDIF
3258	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil
3259	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3260	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av
3261	ENDIF
3262	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3263	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_eb_av
3264	ENDIF
3265	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3266	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_eb_av
3267	ENDIF
3268	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3269	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_eb_av
3270	ENDIF
3271	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3272	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_eb_av
3273	ENDIF
3274	IF ( ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3275	WRITE ( 14 ) 'shf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) shf_eb_av
3276	ENDIF
3277	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil
3278	IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3279	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av
3280	ENDIF
3281
3282	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end lsm * '
3283
3284	ENDIF
3285
3286	END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3287
3288
3289	SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, &
3290	nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, &
3291	offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, &
3292	tmp_2d )
3293
3294
3295	USE control_parameters
3296
3297	USE indices
3298
3299	USE kinds
3300
3301	USE pegrid
3302
3303	IMPLICIT NONE
3304
3305	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !<
3306
3307	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3308	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3309	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
3310	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
3311	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
3312	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
3313	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
3314	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
3315	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
3316	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
3317	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
3318	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
3319	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
3320	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
3321	INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !<
3322
3323	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !<
3324	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !<
3325	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !<
3326	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !<
3327	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !<
3328	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !<
3329
3330	REAL(wp), &
3331	DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3332	tmp_2d !<
3333
3334	REAL(wp), &
3335	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3336	tmp_3d !<
3337
3338	REAL(wp), &
3339	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3340	tmp_3d2 !<
3341
3342
3343	IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
3344	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3345
3346	DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '* end lsm *' )
3347
3348	DO k = 1, overlap_count
3349
3350	nxlf = nxlfa(i,k)
3351	nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3352	nxrf = nxrfa(i,k)
3353	nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3354	nysf = nysfa(i,k)
3355	nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3356	nynf = nynfa(i,k)
3357	nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3358
3359
3360	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) )
3361
3362	CASE ( 'c_liq_av' )
3363	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3364	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3365	ENDIF
3366	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3367	c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3368	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3369
3370	CASE ( 'c_soil_av' )
3371	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3372	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3373	ENDIF
3374	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3375	c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3376	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3377
3378	CASE ( 'c_veg_av' )
3379	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3380	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3381	ENDIF
3382	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3383	c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3384	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3385
3386	CASE ( 'ghf_eb_av' )
3387	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3388	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3389	ENDIF
3390	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3391	ghf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3392	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3393
3394	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb' )
3395	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3396	m_liq_eb(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3397	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3398
3399	CASE ( 'lai_av' )
3400	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3401	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3402	ENDIF
3403	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3404	lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3405	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3406
3407	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb_av' )
3408	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3409	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3410	ENDIF
3411	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3412	m_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3413	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3414
3415	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3416	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3417	m_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3418	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf-nbgp:nynf &
3419	+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3420
3421	CASE ( 'm_soil_av' )
3422	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3423	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3424	ENDIF
3425	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3426	m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3427	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf &
3428	-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3429
3430	CASE ( 'qsws_eb_av' )
3431	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3432	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3433	ENDIF
3434	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3435	qsws_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3436	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3437
3438	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb_av' )
3439	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3440	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3441	ENDIF
3442	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3443	qsws_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3444	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3445	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb_av' )
3446	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3447	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3448	ENDIF
3449	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3450	qsws_soil_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3451	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3452
3453	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb_av' )
3454	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3455	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3456	ENDIF
3457	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3458	qsws_veg_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3459	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3460
3461	CASE ( 'shf_eb_av' )
3462	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3463	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3464	ENDIF
3465	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3466	shf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3467	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3468
3469	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3470	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d
3471	t_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3472	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3473	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3474
3475	CASE ( 't_soil_av' )
3476	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3477	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3478	ENDIF
3479	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3480	t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3481	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3482	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3483
3484
3485	CASE DEFAULT
3486	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', &
3487	TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', &
3488	'&data from prior run on PE ', myid
3489	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0441', 1, 2, 0, 6, &
3490	0 )
3491
3492	END SELECT
3493
3494	ENDDO
3495
3496	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3497
3498	ENDDO
3499	ENDIF
3500
3501	END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data
3502
3503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3504	! Description:
3505	! ------------
3506	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
3507	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
3508	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
3509	!> 2012)
3510	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3511	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3512
3513	USE control_parameters, &
3514	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
3515
3516	IMPLICIT NONE
3517
3518	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3519	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3520
3521	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
3522	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
3523	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
3524	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
3525
3526
3527	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3528	DO j = nysg, nyng
3529	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
3530
3531	!
3532	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
3533	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
3534	!-- length
3535	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
3536	!
3537	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
3538	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
3539	!
3540	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
3541	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
3542
3543	!
3544	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
3545	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
3546	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
3547	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
3548	! ENDIF
3549
3550	!
3551	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
3552	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
3553	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
3554	!-- Charnock relation is used.
3555	z0(j,i) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i) ) &
3556	+ ( alpha_ch * us(j,i)**2 / g )
3557
3558	z0h(j,i) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3559	z0q(j,i) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3560
3561	ENDIF
3562	ENDDO
3563	ENDDO
3564
3565	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3566
3567
3568	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3569	! Description:
3570	! ------------
3571	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
3572	!> that the skin is always saturated.
3573	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3574	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3575
3576	IMPLICIT NONE
3577
3578	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3579	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3580	INTEGER :: k !< running index
3581
3582	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
3583
3584	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3585	DO j = nysg, nyng
3586	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
3587
3588	!
3589	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
3590	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface_p(j,i) &
3591	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface_p(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
3592
3593	!
3594	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
3595	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
3596
3597	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
3598
3599	!
3600	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
3601	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
3602	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3603	* ( q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i) )
3604	ELSE
3605	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3606	* q(k+1,j,i)
3607	ENDIF
3608
3609	!
3610	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
3611	vpt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
3612
3613	ENDDO
3614	ENDDO
3615
3616	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3617
3618
3619	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Download in other formats:

| Impressum | ©Leibniz Universität Hannover |