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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 1977

Last change on this file since 1977 was 1977, checked in by maronga, 8 years ago
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1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
18	!
19	! Current revisions:
20	! -----------------
21	!
22	!
23	! Former revisions:
24	! -----------------
25	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 1977 2016-07-27 13:28:18Z maronga $
26	!
27	! 1976 2016-07-27 13:28:04Z maronga
28	! Parts of the code have been reformatted. Use of radiation model output is
29	! generalized and simplified. Added more output quantities due to modularization
30	!
31	! 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga
32	! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this
33	! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module.
34	!
35	!
36	! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga
37	! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start
38	!
39	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
40	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
41	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
42	!
43	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
44	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
45	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
46	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
47	!
48	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
49	! prr moved to arrays_3d
50	!
51	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
52	! Cleanup after modularization
53	!
54	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
55	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
56	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
57	!
58	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
59	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
60	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
61	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
62	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
63	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
64	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
65	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
66	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
67	! Syntax layout improved.
68	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
69	!
70	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
71	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
72	!
73	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
74	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
75	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
76	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
77	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
78	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
79	!
80	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
81	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
82	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
83	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
84	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
85	! Added todo action
86	!
87	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
88	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
89	!
90	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
91	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
92	! Replaced rif with ol
93	!
94	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
95	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
96	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
97	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
98	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
99	!
100	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
101	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
102	!
103	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
104	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
105	!
106	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
107	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
108	!
109	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
110	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
111	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
112	!
113	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
114	! Added output of r_a and r_s
115	!
116	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
117	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
118	! profile
119	!
120	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
121	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
122	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
123	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
124	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
125	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
126	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
127	! calculation
128	!
129	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
130	!
131	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
132	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
133	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
134	! Added support for dry runs.
135	!
136	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
137	! Initial revision
138	!
139	!
140	! Description:
141	! ------------
142	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
143	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
144	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
145	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
146	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
147	!>
148	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
149	!> skin layer.
150	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
151	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
152	!> nzt_soil=3)).
153	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
154	!> with considerable precipitation.
155	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
156	!>
157	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
158	!> become too thin.
159	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
160	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
161
162	USE arrays_3d, &
163	ONLY: hyp, ol, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, qsws, shf, ts, us, vpt, z0, &
164	z0h, z0q
165
166	USE cloud_parameters, &
167	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
168
169	USE control_parameters, &
170	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
171	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
172	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
173	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
174	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
175
176	USE indices, &
177	ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner
178
179	USE kinds
180
181	USE pegrid
182
183	USE radiation_model_mod, &
184	ONLY: force_radiation_call, rad_net, rad_sw_in, rad_lw_out, &
185	rad_lw_out_change_0, unscheduled_radiation_calls
186
187	USE statistics, &
188	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
189
190	IMPLICIT NONE
191
192	!
193	!-- LSM model constants
194	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
195	nzt_soil = 3, & !< top of the soil model (to be switched)
196	nzs = 4 !< number of soil layers (fixed for now)
197
198	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
199	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
200	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
201	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
202	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
203	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
204	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
205	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
206	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
207
208
209	!
210	!-- LSM variables
211	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !< NAMELIST veg_type_2d
212	soil_type = 3 !< NAMELIST soil_type_2d
213
214	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: soil_type_2d, & !< soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-7: generic (see list)
215	veg_type_2d !< vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
216
217	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: water_surface, & !< flag parameter for water surfaces (classes 14+15)
218	pave_surface, & !< flag parameter for pavements (asphalt etc.) (class 20)
219	building_surface !< flag parameter indicating that the surface element is covered by buildings (no LSM actions, not implemented yet)
220
221	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
222	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag parameter for unscheduled radiation model calls
223	land_surface = .FALSE. !< flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
224
225	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
226	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
227	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
228	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
229	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
230	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
231	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
232	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
233	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
234	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
235	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
236	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
237	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
238	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
239	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
240	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
241	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
242	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
243	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
244	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
245	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
246	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
247	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
248	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
249	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
250	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
251	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
252	rho_lv, & !< rho * l_v
253	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
254	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
255	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
256	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
257	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
258	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
259	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
260	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
261
262	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
263	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
264	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
265	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !< root extraction
266	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
267	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
268	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !< soil layer depths (m)
269	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !< soil moisture content (m3/m3)
270
271	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
272	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & !< soil temperature (K)
273	283.0_wp /), &
274	ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
275	dz_soil !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
276
277	#if defined( __nopointer )
278	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !< surface temperature (K)
279	t_surface_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K)
280	m_liq_eb, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
281	m_liq_eb_av, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
282	m_liq_eb_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
283	#else
284	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
285	t_surface_p, &
286	m_liq_eb, &
287	m_liq_eb_p
288
289	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
290	m_liq_eb_av, &
291	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
292	#endif
293
294	!
295	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
296	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !< surface temperature tendency (K)
297	tm_liq_eb_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
298
299	!
300	!-- Energy balance variables
301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
302	alpha_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
303	c_liq, & !< liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
304	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
305	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
306	c_veg, & !< vegetation coverage
307	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
308	f_sw_in, & !< fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
309	ghf_eb, & !< ground heat flux
310	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
311	gamma_w_sat, & !< hydraulic conductivity at saturation
312	g_d, & !< coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
313	lai, & !< leaf area index
314	lai_av, & !< average of lai
315	lambda_surface_s, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
316	lambda_surface_u, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
317	l_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
318	m_fc, & !< soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
319	m_res, & !< residual soil moisture
320	m_sat, & !< saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
321	m_wilt, & !< soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
322	n_vg, & !< coef. Van Genuchten
323	qsws_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (total)
324	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
325	qsws_liq_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
326	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
327	qsws_soil_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
328	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
329	qsws_veg_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
330	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
331	rad_net_l, & !< local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface)
332	r_a, & !< aerodynamic resistance
333	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
334	r_canopy, & !< canopy resistance
335	r_soil, & !< soil resistance
336	r_soil_min, & !< minimum soil resistance
337	r_s, & !< total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
338	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
339	r_canopy_min, & !< minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
340	shf_eb, & !< surface flux of sensible heat
341	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
342
343
344	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
345	lambda_h, & !< heat conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
346	lambda_w, & !< hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
347	gamma_w, & !< hydraulic conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
348	rho_c_total !< volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
349
350	#if defined( __nopointer )
351	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
352	t_soil, & !< Soil temperature (K)
353	t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
354	t_soil_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K)
355	m_soil, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3)
356	m_soil_av, & !< Average of m_soil
357	m_soil_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
358	#else
359	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
360	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
361	m_soil, m_soil_p
362
363	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
364	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
365	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
366	#endif
367
368
369	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
370	tt_soil_m, & !< t_soil storage array
371	tm_soil_m, & !< m_soil storage array
372	root_fr !< root fraction (sum=1)
373
374
375	!
376	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
377	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
378	'user defined ', & ! 0
379	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
380	'short grass ', & ! 2
381	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
382	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
383	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
384	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
385	'tall grass ', & ! 7
386	'desert ', & ! 8
387	'tundra ', & ! 9
388	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
389	'semidesert ', & ! 11
390	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
391	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
392	'inland water ', & ! 14
393	'ocean ', & ! 15
394	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
395	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
396	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
397	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
398	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
399	/)
400
401	!
402	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
403	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
404	'user defined', & ! 0
405	'coarse ', & ! 1
406	'medium ', & ! 2
407	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
408	'fine ', & ! 4
409	'very fine ', & ! 5
410	'organic ', & ! 6
411	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
412	/)
413	!
414	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
415
416	!
417	!-- Land surface parameters I
418	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
419	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
420	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
421	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
422	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
423	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
424	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
425	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
426	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
427	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
428	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
429	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
430	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
431	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
432	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
433	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
434	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
435	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
436	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
437	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
438	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
439	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
440	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
441
442	!
443	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
444	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
445	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
446	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
447	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
448	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
449	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
450	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
451	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
452	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
453	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
454	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
455	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
456	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
457	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
458	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
459	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
460	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
461	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
462	2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18
463	1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, & ! 19
464	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
465	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
466
467	!
468	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
469	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
470	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
471	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
472	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
473	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
474	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
475	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
476	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
477	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
478	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
479	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
480	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
481	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
482	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
483	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
484	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
485	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
486	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
487	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
488	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
489	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
490	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
491
492	!
493	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
494	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
495	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
496	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
497	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
498	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
499	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
500	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
501	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
502	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
503	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
504	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
505	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
506	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
507	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
508	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
509	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
510	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
511	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
512	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
513	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 19
514	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
515	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
516
517	!
518	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
519
520	!
521	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
522	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
523	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
524	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
525	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
526	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
527	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
528	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
529	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
530	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
531
532	!
533	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
534	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
535	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
536	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
537	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
538	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
539	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
540	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
541	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
542	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
543
544
545	SAVE
546
547
548	PRIVATE
549
550
551	!
552	!-- Public functions
553	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
554	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,&
555	lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, &
556	lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, &
557	lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions
558	!
559	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
560	PUBLIC land_surface, skip_time_do_lsm
561
562	!
563	!-- Public grid variables
564	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
565
566	!
567	!-- Public 2D output variables
568	PUBLIC ghf_eb, qsws_eb, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_soil_eb,qsws_veg_eb, r_a, r_s, &
569	shf_eb
570
571	!
572	!-- Public prognostic variables
573	PUBLIC m_soil, t_soil
574
575
576	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
577	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
578	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
579
580	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
581	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
582	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
583
584	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
585	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
586	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
587
588	INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
589	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging
590	END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
591
592	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
593	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d
594	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
595
596	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
597	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d
598	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
599
600	INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
601	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
602	END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
603
604	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
605	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
606	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
607
608	INTERFACE lsm_header
609	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
610	END INTERFACE lsm_header
611
612	INTERFACE lsm_init
613	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
614	END INTERFACE lsm_init
615
616	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
617	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
618	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
619
620	INTERFACE lsm_parin
621	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
622	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
623
624	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
625	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
626	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
627
628	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
629	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
630	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
631
632	INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
633	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data
634	END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
635
636	INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
637	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions
638	END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
639
640	CONTAINS
641
642	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
643	! Description:
644	! ------------
645	!> Check data output for land surface model
646	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
647	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
648
649
650	USE control_parameters, &
651	ONLY: data_output, message_string
652
653	IMPLICIT NONE
654
655	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
656	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
657
658	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
659	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
660	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
661
662	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
663
664	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
665	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
666	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
667	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
668	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
669	ENDIF
670	unit = 'm3/m3'
671
672	CASE ( 't_soil' )
673	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
674	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
675	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
676	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
677	ENDIF
678	unit = 'K'
679
680	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
681	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
682	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
683	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
684	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
685	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
686	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
687	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
688	ENDIF
689	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
690	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
691	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
692	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
693	ENDIF
694	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
695	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
696	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
697	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
698	ENDIF
699	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
700	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
701	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
702	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
703	ENDIF
704	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
705	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
706	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
707	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
708	ENDIF
709	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
710	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
711	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
712	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
713	ENDIF
714	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
715	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
716	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
717	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
718	ENDIF
719	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
720	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
721	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
722	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
723	ENDIF
724	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
725	THEN
726	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
727	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
728	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
729	ENDIF
730	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
731	THEN
732	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
733	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
734	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
735	ENDIF
736	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
737	THEN
738	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
739	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
740	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
741	ENDIF
742	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
743	THEN
744	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
745	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
746	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
747	ENDIF
748	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
749	THEN
750	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
751	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
752	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
753	ENDIF
754
755	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
756	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
757	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
758	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
759	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
760	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
761	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
762	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
763	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
764	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
765	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
766	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
767	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
768
769	CASE DEFAULT
770	unit = 'illegal'
771
772	END SELECT
773
774
775	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
776
777
778	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
779	! Description:
780	! ------------
781	!> Check data output of profiles for land surface model
782	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
783	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
784
785	USE control_parameters, &
786	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
787
788	USE indices
789
790	USE profil_parameter
791
792	USE statistics
793
794	IMPLICIT NONE
795
796	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
797	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
798	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
799
800	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
801	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
802
803	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
804
805	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
806	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
807	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
808	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
809	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
810	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
811	ELSE
812	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
813	dopr_unit = 'K'
814	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
815	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
816	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
817	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
818	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
819	ENDIF
820	unit = dopr_unit
821	ENDIF
822
823	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
824	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
825	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
826	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
827	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
828	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
829	ELSE
830	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
831	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
832	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
833	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
834	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
835	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
836	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
837	ENDIF
838	unit = dopr_unit
839	ENDIF
840
841
842	CASE DEFAULT
843	unit = 'illegal'
844
845	END SELECT
846
847
848	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
849
850
851	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
852	! Description:
853	! ------------
854	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
855	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
856	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
857
858	USE control_parameters, &
859	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
860	most_method, topography
861
862	USE radiation_model_mod, &
863	ONLY: radiation
864
865
866	IMPLICIT NONE
867
868
869	!
870	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
871	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
872	!-- model
873	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
874	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
875	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
876	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
877	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
878	ENDIF
879
880	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
881	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
882	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
883	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
884	ENDIF
885
886	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
887	message_string = 'lsm cannot be used ' // &
888	'in combination with topography /= "flat"'
889	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0415', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
890	ENDIF
891
892	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
893	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
894	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
895	'allowed in combination with ', &
896	'most_method = ', most_method
897	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
898	ENDIF
899
900	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
901	IF ( SUM( root_fraction ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
902	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
903	'requires setting of root_fraction(0:3)'// &
904	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
905	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
906	ENDIF
907
908	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
909	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
910	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
911	'/= 9999999.9'
912	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
913	ENDIF
914
915	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
916	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
917	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
918	'/= 9999999.9'
919	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
920	ENDIF
921
922	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
923	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
924	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
925	'/= 9999999.9'
926	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
927	ENDIF
928
929	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
930	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
931	'requires setting of'// &
932	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
933	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
934	ENDIF
935
936	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
937	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
938	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
939	'/= 9999999.9'
940	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
941	ENDIF
942
943	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
944	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
945	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
946	'/= 9999999.9'
947	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
948	ENDIF
949
950	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
951	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
952	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
953	'/= 9999999.9'
954	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
955	ENDIF
956
957	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
958	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
959	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
960	'/= 9999999.9'
961	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
962	ENDIF
963
964	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
965	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
966	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
967	'/= 9999999.9'
968	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
969	ENDIF
970
971
972	ENDIF
973
974	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
975
976	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
977	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
978	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
979	'/= 9999999.9'
980	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
981	ENDIF
982
983	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
984	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
985	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
986	'/= 9999999.9'
987	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
988	ENDIF
989
990	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
991	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
992	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
993	'/= 9999999.9'
994	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
995	ENDIF
996
997	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
998	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
999	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
1000	'/= 9999999.9'
1001	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1002	ENDIF
1003
1004	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1005	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1006	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
1007	'/= 9999999.9'
1008	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1009	ENDIF
1010
1011	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1012	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1013	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
1014	'/= 9999999.9'
1015	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1016	ENDIF
1017
1018	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1019	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1020	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
1021	'/= 9999999.9'
1022	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1023	ENDIF
1024
1025	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1026	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1027	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
1028	'/= 9999999.9'
1029	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1030	ENDIF
1031
1032	ENDIF
1033
1034	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
1035	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
1036	'radiation = .T.'
1037	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1038	ENDIF
1039
1040
1041	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
1042
1043	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1044	! Description:
1045	! ------------
1046	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
1047	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1048	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1049
1050
1051	IMPLICIT NONE
1052
1053	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1054	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1055	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !< running index
1056
1057	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
1058	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
1059	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
1060	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
1061	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
1062	e, & !< water vapour pressure
1063	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
1064	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
1065	tend, & !< tendency
1066	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
1067	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1068	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1069	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
1070	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
1071	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
1072	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
1073	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
1074	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
1075	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
1076	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
1077	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
1078
1079	!
1080	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
1081	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1082
1083	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1084	DO j = nysg, nyng
1085	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1086
1087	!
1088	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
1089	IF ( .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1090
1091	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
1092
1093	IF ( t_surface(j,i) >= t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)) THEN
1094	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
1095	ELSE
1096	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
1097	ENDIF
1098	ELSE
1099
1100	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
1101	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
1102
1103	ENDIF
1104
1105	!
1106	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
1107	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
1108	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
1109	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
1110	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1111	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1112	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i)
1113	ELSE
1114	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1115	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i)
1116	ENDIF
1117
1118	r_a(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp)
1119
1120	!
1121	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
1122	!-- stratification
1123	IF ( ABS(r_a(j,i)) < 1.0_wp ) r_a(j,i) = 1.0_wp
1124
1125	!
1126	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
1127	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
1128
1129	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
1130	!-- night)
1131	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) / &
1132	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) &
1133	+ 1.0_wp)) )
1134
1135
1136
1137	!
1138	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
1139	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
1140	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
1141	m_total = 0.0_wp
1142	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1143	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
1144	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
1145	ENDDO
1146
1147	IF ( m_total > m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total < m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1148	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
1149	ELSEIF ( m_total >= m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1150	f2 = 1.0_wp
1151	ELSE
1152	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
1153	ENDIF
1154
1155	!
1156	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1157	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
1158	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
1159
1160	!
1161	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1162	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1163	!
1164	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1165	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1166	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
1167	ELSE
1168	f3 = 1.0_wp
1169	ENDIF
1170
1171	!
1172	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1173	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1174	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1175	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
1176	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
1177
1178	!
1179	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
1180	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
1181	IF ( soil_type_2d(j,i) /= 7 ) THEN
1182	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
1183	m_res(j,i)
1184	ELSE
1185	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
1186	ENDIF
1187
1188	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
1189	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
1190	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
1191
1192	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
1193
1194	!
1195	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
1196	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
1197	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
1198	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
1199	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
1200	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
1201	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1202	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
1203	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, (m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
1204	ELSE
1205	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( c_veg(j,i) * lai(j,i) &
1206	+ (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) )
1207	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max )
1208	ENDIF
1209
1210	!
1211	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1212	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1213
1214	!
1215	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1216	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1217	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
1218	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1219	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1220	ENDIF
1221
1222	!
1223	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1224	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
1225	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
1226	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1227	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1228	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1229	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / r_a(j,i)
1230	ELSEIF ( pave_surface (j,i) ) THEN
1231	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1232	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1233	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1234	ELSE
1235	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
1236	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
1237	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
1238	r_soil(j,i))
1239	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1240	ENDIF
1241	!
1242	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
1243	!-- transpirate.
1244	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1245	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1246	! ENDIF
1247
1248	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
1249	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1250
1251	!
1252	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1253	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
1254	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
1255	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1256
1257	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
1258
1259	!
1260	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1261	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
1262
1263	!
1264	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
1265	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1266
1267	!
1268	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1269	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1270	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1271	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
1272	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
1273	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1274
1275	!
1276	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1277	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
1278	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1279	ELSE
1280
1281	!
1282	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1283	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1284	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1285	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
1286	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1287
1288	!
1289	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1290	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1291
1292	ENDIF
1293
1294	tend = 0.0_wp
1295
1296	!
1297	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1298	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1299	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp * &
1300	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2 &
1301	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
1302
1303	!
1304	!-- Add RK3 term
1305	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1306
1307	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1308	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1309
1310	!
1311	!-- Calculate true tendency
1312	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1313	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1314	!
1315	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1316	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1317	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1318	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
1319	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1320	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1321	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1322	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1323	ENDIF
1324	ENDIF
1325	ENDIF
1326
1327	!
1328	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
1329	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
1330	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
1331	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
1332	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
1333	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
1334	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
1335	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
1336	IF ( ABS( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
1337	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
1338	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
1339	ENDIF
1340
1341	pt(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
1342
1343	!
1344	!-- Calculate fluxes
1345	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1346	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1347	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * t_surface_p(j,i)
1348
1349	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i)
1350	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1351	* ( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) )
1352
1353	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
1354	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
1355
1356	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - pt(k,j,i) )
1357
1358	shf(j,i) = shf_eb(j,i) / rho_cp
1359
1360	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1361	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1362	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) )
1363
1364	qsws(j,i) = qsws_eb(j,i) / rho_lv
1365
1366	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
1367	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1368	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1369
1370	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
1371	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1372	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1373
1374	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
1375	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1376	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1377	ENDIF
1378
1379	!
1380	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1381	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1382	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
1383	ELSE
1384	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1385	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
1386	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
1387	ENDIF
1388
1389	!
1390	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1391	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1392	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1393	!
1394	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
1395	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
1396	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1397	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1398
1399	!
1400	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
1401	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
1402	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
1403	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
1404	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1405	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
1406	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1407	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1408	ELSE
1409	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1410	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1411	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1412	ENDIF
1413
1414	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
1415	!-- coverage.
1416	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) + (1.0_wp &
1417	- c_veg(j,i)) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1418	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1419	ENDIF
1420
1421	!
1422	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1423	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1424
1425	!
1426	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
1427	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
1428	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1429	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1430	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1431	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1432	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
1433
1434	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1435	ENDIF
1436
1437	!
1438	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1439	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1440	!-- plant
1441	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1442	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
1443	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1444	ENDIF
1445	ENDIF
1446
1447	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
1448	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
1449	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
1450
1451	!
1452	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1453	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1454	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
1455
1456	!
1457	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1458	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1459	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
1460
1461
1462	!
1463	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1464	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1465	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1466	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
1467	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1468	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1469	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1470	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
1471	ENDIF
1472	ENDIF
1473
1474	ENDIF
1475
1476	ENDDO
1477	ENDDO
1478
1479	!
1480	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
1481	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
1482	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
1483	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
1484	#if defined( __parallel )
1485	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1486	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
1487	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
1488	#else
1489	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
1490	#endif
1491	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
1492	ENDIF
1493
1494	!
1495	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1496	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1497	CALL calc_q_surface
1498	ENDIF
1499
1500	!
1501	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1502	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1503
1504
1505	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1506
1507
1508	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1509	! Description:
1510	! ------------
1511	!> Header output for land surface model
1512	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1513	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
1514
1515
1516	IMPLICIT NONE
1517
1518	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
1519	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
1520	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
1521	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
1522	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
1523	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
1524
1525	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
1526
1527	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1528
1529	t_soil_chr = ''
1530	m_soil_chr = ''
1531	soil_depth_chr = ''
1532	roots_chr = ''
1533	vertical_index_chr = ''
1534
1535	i = 1
1536	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1537	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
1538	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1539
1540	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
1541	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1542
1543	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
1544	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1545
1546	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
1547	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1548
1549	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
1550	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
1551	TRIM( coor_chr )
1552	ENDDO
1553
1554	!
1555	!-- Write land surface model header
1556	WRITE( io, 1 )
1557	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1558	WRITE( io, 2 )
1559	ELSE
1560	WRITE( io, 3 )
1561	ENDIF
1562
1563	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
1564	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
1565	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
1566	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
1567	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
1568
1569	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
1570	' ------------------------------'/)
1571	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
1572	', default)')
1573	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
1574	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
1575	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
1576	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
1577	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
1578	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
1579	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
1580	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
1581	' Grid point: ',A)
1582
1583	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
1584
1585
1586	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1587	! Description:
1588	! ------------
1589	!> Initialization of the land surface model
1590	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1591	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1592
1593
1594	IMPLICIT NONE
1595
1596	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1597	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1598	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1599
1600	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
1601
1602
1603	!
1604	!-- Calculate Exner function
1605	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1606
1607
1608	!
1609	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
1610	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
1611	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
1612	ENDIF
1613
1614	!
1615	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
1616	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
1617	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
1618	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
1619	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
1620
1621	!
1622	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
1623	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
1624	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1625	tm_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1626	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
1627	c_liq = 0.0_wp
1628
1629	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1630	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
1631
1632	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1633	qsws_eb = rho_lv * qsws
1634	ELSE
1635	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1636	ENDIF
1637
1638	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1639	qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1640	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1641
1642	r_a = 50.0_wp
1643	r_s = 50.0_wp
1644	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1645	r_soil = 0.0_wp
1646
1647	!
1648	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
1649	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1650	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1651	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1652
1653	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1654	!
1655	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1656	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1657	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1658	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1659
1660	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1661	ENDIF
1662
1663	!
1664	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
1665	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
1666	!-- at the centers
1667	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
1668
1669	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
1670	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
1671	ENDDO
1672	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1673
1674	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
1675	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
1676	ENDDO
1677	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1678
1679	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
1680	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
1681
1682	!
1683	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
1684	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
1685	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
1686	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
1687
1688	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1689	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1690	ENDIF
1691
1692	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1693	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1694	ENDIF
1695
1696	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1697	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1698	ENDIF
1699
1700	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1701	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1702	ENDIF
1703
1704	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1705	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1706	ENDIF
1707
1708	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1709	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1710	ENDIF
1711
1712	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1713	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1714	ENDIF
1715
1716	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1717	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1718	ENDIF
1719
1720	ENDIF
1721
1722	!
1723	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
1724	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
1725	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
1726	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
1727	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
1728	m_sat = saturation_moisture
1729	m_fc = field_capacity
1730	m_wilt = wilting_point
1731	m_res = residual_moisture
1732	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
1733
1734	!
1735	!-- Initial run actions
1736	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1737
1738	t_soil = 0.0_wp
1739	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1740	m_soil = 0.0_wp
1741
1742	!
1743	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
1744	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
1745	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
1746	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1747	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
1748	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
1749	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
1750	ENDDO
1751	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
1752
1753	!
1754	!-- Calculate surface temperature
1755	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
1756
1757	!
1758	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
1759	!-- for the first time step
1760	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1761	DO j = nysg, nyng
1762	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1763
1764	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1765	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1766	ELSE
1767	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1768	ENDIF
1769
1770	!
1771	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
1772	IF ( pt1 == pt(k,j,i) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
1773
1774	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
1775	ts(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
1776	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
1777	ENDDO
1778	ENDDO
1779
1780	!
1781	!-- Actions for restart runs
1782	ELSE
1783
1784	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1785	DO j = nysg, nyng
1786	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1787	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
1788	ENDDO
1789	ENDDO
1790
1791	ENDIF
1792
1793	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1794	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
1795	ENDDO
1796
1797	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
1798	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1799	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
1800	ENDIF
1801	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1802	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
1803	ENDIF
1804	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1805	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
1806	ENDIF
1807	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1808	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
1809	ENDIF
1810	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1811	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
1812	ENDIF
1813	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1814	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
1815	ENDIF
1816	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1817	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
1818	ENDIF
1819	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1820	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1821	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1822	ENDIF
1823	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1824	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
1825	ENDIF
1826	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1827	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
1828	ENDIF
1829	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
1830
1831	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
1832	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1833	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1834	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1835	ENDDO
1836	ENDIF
1837
1838	ELSE
1839
1840	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1841	z0_eb = roughness_length
1842	ENDIF
1843	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1844	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1845	ENDIF
1846	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1847	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1848	ENDIF
1849
1850	ENDIF
1851
1852	!
1853	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
1854	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
1855	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
1856	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1857	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
1858	ELSE
1859	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
1860	ENDIF
1861	ENDIF
1862
1863	!
1864	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
1865	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
1866	veg_type_2d = veg_type
1867	soil_type_2d = soil_type
1868
1869	!
1870	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
1871	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
1872	lai = leaf_area_index
1873	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
1874	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
1875	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
1876	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
1877	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
1878	z0 = z0_eb
1879	z0h = z0h_eb
1880	z0q = z0q_eb
1881
1882	!
1883	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
1884	CALL user_init_land_surface
1885
1886	!
1887	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
1888	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
1889	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1890	DO j = nysg, nyng
1891	IF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 14 .OR. veg_type_2d(j,i) == 15 ) THEN
1892	water_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1893	t_soil(:,j,i) = t_surface(j,i)
1894	ELSEIF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 20 ) THEN
1895	pave_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1896	m_soil(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1897	ENDIF
1898
1899	ENDDO
1900	ENDDO
1901
1902	!
1903	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1904	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1905
1906	t_soil_p = t_soil
1907	m_soil_p = m_soil
1908	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
1909	t_surface_p = t_surface
1910
1911
1912
1913	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
1914	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
1915	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1916	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1917	statistic_regions+1 )
1918	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1919	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1920	statistic_regions+1 )
1921
1922	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1923
1924
1925	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1926	! Description:
1927	! ------------
1928	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
1929	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1930	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
1931
1932
1933	IMPLICIT NONE
1934
1935	!
1936	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
1937	#if defined( __nopointer )
1938	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1939	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1940	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1941	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1942	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1943	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1944	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1945	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1946	#else
1947	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1948	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1949	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1950	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1951	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1952	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1953	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1954	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1955	#endif
1956
1957	!
1958	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
1959	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1960	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1961	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1962	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1963
1964	!
1965	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
1966	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1967	ALLOCATE ( building_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1968	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1969	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1970	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1971	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1972	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1973	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1974	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1975	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1976	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1977	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1978	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1979	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1980	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1981	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1982	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1983	ALLOCATE ( pave_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1984	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1985	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1986	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1987	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1988	ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1989	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1990	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1991	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1992	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1993	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1994	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1995	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1996	ALLOCATE ( soil_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1997	ALLOCATE ( veg_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1998	ALLOCATE ( water_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1999
2000	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
2001	!
2002	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
2003	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2004	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2005	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2006	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2007	#endif
2008
2009
2010	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2011
2012
2013	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2014	! Description:
2015	! ------------
2016	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
2017	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2018	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2019
2020
2021	IMPLICIT NONE
2022
2023	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
2024
2025	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
2026	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
2027	conserve_water_content, &
2028	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
2029	hydraulic_conductivity, &
2030	lambda_surface_stable, &
2031	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
2032	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
2033	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
2034	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
2035	pave_heat_conductivity, &
2036	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
2037	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
2038	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
2039	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
2040	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
2041
2042	line = ' '
2043
2044	!
2045	!-- Try to find land surface model package
2046	REWIND ( 11 )
2047	line = ' '
2048	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
2049	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
2050	ENDDO
2051	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
2052
2053	!
2054	!-- Read user-defined namelist
2055	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
2056
2057	!
2058	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
2059	land_surface = .TRUE.
2060
2061	10 CONTINUE
2062
2063
2064	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2065
2066
2067	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2068	! Description:
2069	! ------------
2070	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
2071	!> temperature and water content.
2072	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2073	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2074
2075
2076	IMPLICIT NONE
2077
2078	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2079	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2080	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2081
2082	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
2083
2084	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
2085	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
2086	tend !< tendency
2087
2088	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2089	DO j = nysg, nyng
2090
2091	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2092	rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2093	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
2094	ENDIF
2095
2096	IF ( .NOT. water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2097	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2098
2099
2100	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
2101
2102	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2103	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
2104
2105	ELSE
2106	!
2107	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
2108	!-- into account water content
2109	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
2110	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
2111
2112	!
2113	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
2114	!-- layers
2115	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) * &
2116	lambda_h_water ** m_soil(k,j,i)
2117
2118	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) &
2119	/ m_sat(j,i)))
2120
2121	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
2122	lambda_h_dry
2123	ENDIF
2124
2125	ENDDO
2126
2127	!
2128	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
2129	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
2130	!-- true pavement depth is considered
2131	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2132	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
2133	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
2134	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1) &
2135	* lambda_temp(k) &
2136	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
2137	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
2138	ELSE
2139	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2140	* 0.5_wp
2141	ENDIF
2142	ENDDO
2143	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148	!
2149	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
2150	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2151
2152	tend(nzb_soil) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
2153	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
2154	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
2155	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2156
2157	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2158	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
2159	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
2160	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
2161	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
2162	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
2163	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
2164	* ddz_soil(k) &
2165	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2166
2167	ENDDO
2168
2169	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2170	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
2171	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
2172	+ tsc(3) &
2173	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2174
2175	!
2176	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2177	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2178	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2179	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2180	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2181	ENDDO
2182	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2183	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2184	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2185	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2186	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
2187	ENDDO
2188	ENDIF
2189	ENDIF
2190
2191
2192	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2193
2194	!
2195	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
2196	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
2197	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), &
2198	m_wilt(j,i) ) / m_sat(j,i) )**( &
2199	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
2200
2201	!
2202	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
2203	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
2204	!
2205	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
2206	!-- (1980)
2207	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
2208	MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), m_wilt(j,i) ) ) )**( &
2209	n_vg(j,i) / (n_vg(j,i) - 1.0_wp ) ) - 1.0_wp &
2210	)**( 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) / alpha_vg(j,i)
2211
2212
2213	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
2214	( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )n_vg(j,i))( &
2215	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) - ( &
2216	alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )**( n_vg(j,i) &
2217	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
2218	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg &
2219	)n_vg(j,i) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
2220	/ n_vg(j,i) ) *( l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp) ) )
2221
2222	!
2223	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
2224	ELSE
2225	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( m_soil(k,j,i) &
2226	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
2227	ENDIF
2228
2229	ENDDO
2230
2231	!
2232	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
2233	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
2234	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
2235	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2236	!
2237	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
2238	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
2239	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
2240	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2241
2242	lambda_w(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2243	* 0.5_wp
2244	gamma_w(k,j,i) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + gamma_temp(k) ) &
2245	* 0.5_wp
2246
2247	ENDDO
2248
2249	!
2250	!
2251	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
2252	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
2253	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
2254	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
2255	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2256	ELSE
2257	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
2258	ENDIF
2259
2260	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
2261	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
2262	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
2263	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
2264	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
2265	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
2266	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
2267	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
2268
2269	!
2270	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
2271	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
2272	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
2273	!-- additional check.
2274	m_total = 0.0_wp
2275	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2276	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2277	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
2278	ENDIF
2279	ENDDO
2280
2281	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2282	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2283	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2284	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) &
2285	/ m_total
2286	ELSE
2287	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
2288	ENDIF
2289	ENDDO
2290	ENDIF
2291
2292	!
2293	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil.
2294	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2295
2296	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
2297	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
2298	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
2299	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
2300	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
2301	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2302
2303	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
2304	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
2305	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2306	- gamma_w(k,j,i) &
2307	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
2308	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k) &
2309	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
2310	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
2311	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2312
2313	ENDDO
2314	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2315	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
2316	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2317	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
2318	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
2319	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
2320	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
2321	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
2322	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
2323
2324	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2325	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
2326	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2327
2328	!
2329	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
2330	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2331	IF ( m_soil_p(k,j,i) < 0.0_wp ) m_soil_p(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2332	ENDDO
2333
2334	!
2335	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2336	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2337	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2338	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2339	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2340	ENDDO
2341	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2342	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2343	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2344	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp&
2345	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
2346	ENDDO
2347	ENDIF
2348	ENDIF
2349
2350	ENDIF
2351
2352	ENDIF
2353
2354	ENDDO
2355	ENDDO
2356
2357	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2358
2359
2360	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2361	! Description:
2362	! ------------
2363	!> Swapping of timelevels
2364	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2365	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
2366
2367	IMPLICIT NONE
2368
2369	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
2370
2371	#if defined( __nopointer )
2372
2373	t_surface = t_surface_p
2374	t_soil = t_soil_p
2375	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2376	m_soil = m_soil_p
2377	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
2378	ENDIF
2379
2380	#else
2381
2382	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
2383
2384	CASE ( 0 )
2385
2386	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2387	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2388	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2389	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2390	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2391	ENDIF
2392
2393
2394	CASE ( 1 )
2395
2396	t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1
2397	t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1
2398	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2399	m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1
2400	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1
2401	ENDIF
2402
2403	END SELECT
2404	#endif
2405
2406	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2412	!
2413	! Description:
2414	! ------------
2415	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
2416	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2417	SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
2418
2419
2420	USE control_parameters
2421
2422	USE indices
2423
2424	USE kinds
2425
2426	IMPLICIT NONE
2427
2428	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2429	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2430
2431	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2432	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2433	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2434
2435	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
2436
2437	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2438
2439	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2440	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
2441	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2442	ENDIF
2443	c_liq_av = 0.0_wp
2444
2445	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2446	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
2447	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2448	ENDIF
2449	c_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2450
2451	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2452	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
2453	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2454	ENDIF
2455	c_veg_av = 0.0_wp
2456
2457	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2458	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2459	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2460	ENDIF
2461	ghf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2462
2463	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2464	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
2465	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2466	ENDIF
2467	lai_av = 0.0_wp
2468
2469	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2470	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2471	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2472	ENDIF
2473	m_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2474
2475	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2476	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
2477	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2478	ENDIF
2479	m_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2480
2481	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2482	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
2483	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2484	ENDIF
2485	qsws_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2486
2487	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2488	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2489	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2490	ENDIF
2491	qsws_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2492
2493	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2494	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
2495	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2496	ENDIF
2497	qsws_soil_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2498
2499	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2500	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
2501	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2502	ENDIF
2503	qsws_veg_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2504
2505	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2506	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN
2507	ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2508	ENDIF
2509	r_a_av = 0.0_wp
2510
2511	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2512	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN
2513	ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2514	ENDIF
2515	r_s_av = 0.0_wp
2516
2517	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2518	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2519	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2520	ENDIF
2521	shf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2522
2523	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2524	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
2525	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2526	ENDIF
2527	t_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2528
2529	CASE DEFAULT
2530	CONTINUE
2531
2532	END SELECT
2533
2534	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
2535
2536	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2537
2538	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2539	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2540	DO j = nysg, nyng
2541	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + c_liq(j,i)
2542	ENDDO
2543	ENDDO
2544
2545	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2546	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2547	DO j = nysg, nyng
2548	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - c_veg(j,i))
2549	ENDDO
2550	ENDDO
2551
2552	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2553	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2554	DO j = nysg, nyng
2555	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + c_veg(j,i)
2556	ENDDO
2557	ENDDO
2558
2559	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2560	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2561	DO j = nysg, nyng
2562	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) + ghf_eb(j,i)
2563	ENDDO
2564	ENDDO
2565
2566	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2567	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2568	DO j = nysg, nyng
2569	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + lai(j,i)
2570	ENDDO
2571	ENDDO
2572
2573	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2574	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2575	DO j = nysg, nyng
2576	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) + m_liq_eb(j,i)
2577	ENDDO
2578	ENDDO
2579
2580	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2581	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2582	DO j = nysg, nyng
2583	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2584	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil(k,j,i)
2585	ENDDO
2586	ENDDO
2587	ENDDO
2588
2589	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2590	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2591	DO j = nysg, nyng
2592	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_eb(j,i)
2593	ENDDO
2594	ENDDO
2595
2596	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2597	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2598	DO j = nysg, nyng
2599	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
2600	ENDDO
2601	ENDDO
2602
2603	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2604	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2605	DO j = nysg, nyng
2606	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
2607	ENDDO
2608	ENDDO
2609
2610	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2611	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2612	DO j = nysg, nyng
2613	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
2614	ENDDO
2615	ENDDO
2616
2617	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2618	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2619	DO j = nysg, nyng
2620	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + r_a(j,i)
2621	ENDDO
2622	ENDDO
2623
2624	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2625	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2626	DO j = nysg, nyng
2627	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + r_s(j,i)
2628	ENDDO
2629	ENDDO
2630
2631	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2632	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2633	DO j = nysg, nyng
2634	shf_eb_av(j,i) = shf_eb_av(j,i) + shf_eb(j,i)
2635	ENDDO
2636	ENDDO
2637
2638	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2639	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2640	DO j = nysg, nyng
2641	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2642	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil(k,j,i)
2643	ENDDO
2644	ENDDO
2645	ENDDO
2646
2647	CASE DEFAULT
2648	CONTINUE
2649
2650	END SELECT
2651
2652	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
2653
2654	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2655
2656	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2657	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2658	DO j = nysg, nyng
2659	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2660	ENDDO
2661	ENDDO
2662
2663	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2664	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2665	DO j = nysg, nyng
2666	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2667	ENDDO
2668	ENDDO
2669
2670	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2671	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2672	DO j = nysg, nyng
2673	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2674	ENDDO
2675	ENDDO
2676
2677	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2678	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2679	DO j = nysg, nyng
2680	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2681	ENDDO
2682	ENDDO
2683
2684	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2685	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2686	DO j = nysg, nyng
2687	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2688	ENDDO
2689	ENDDO
2690
2691	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2692	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2693	DO j = nysg, nyng
2694	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2695	ENDDO
2696	ENDDO
2697
2698	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2699	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2700	DO j = nysg, nyng
2701	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2702	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2703	ENDDO
2704	ENDDO
2705	ENDDO
2706
2707	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2708	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2709	DO j = nysg, nyng
2710	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2711	ENDDO
2712	ENDDO
2713
2714	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2715	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2716	DO j = nysg, nyng
2717	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2718	ENDDO
2719	ENDDO
2720
2721	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2722	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2723	DO j = nysg, nyng
2724	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2725	ENDDO
2726	ENDDO
2727
2728	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2729	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2730	DO j = nysg, nyng
2731	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2732	ENDDO
2733	ENDDO
2734
2735	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2736	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2737	DO j = nysg, nyng
2738	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2739	ENDDO
2740	ENDDO
2741
2742	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2743	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2744	DO j = nysg, nyng
2745	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2746	ENDDO
2747	ENDDO
2748
2749	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2750	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2751	DO j = nysg, nyng
2752	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2753	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2754	ENDDO
2755	ENDDO
2756	ENDDO
2757
2758	END SELECT
2759
2760	ENDIF
2761
2762	END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging
2763
2764
2765	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2766	!
2767	! Description:
2768	! ------------
2769	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
2770	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
2771	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2772	SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
2773
2774	IMPLICIT NONE
2775
2776	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
2777	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
2778	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
2779	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
2780	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
2781
2782	found = .TRUE.
2783
2784	!
2785	!-- Check for the grid
2786	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
2787
2788	CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil', 'm_soil_xy', 't_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', &
2789	't_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz', 't_soil_yz' )
2790	grid_x = 'x'
2791	grid_y = 'y'
2792	grid_z = 'zs'
2793
2794	CASE DEFAULT
2795	found = .FALSE.
2796	grid_x = 'none'
2797	grid_y = 'none'
2798	grid_z = 'none'
2799	END SELECT
2800
2801	END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
2802
2803	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2804	!
2805	! Description:
2806	! ------------
2807	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
2808	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2809	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, &
2810	two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do )
2811
2812	USE indices
2813
2814	USE kinds
2815
2816
2817	IMPLICIT NONE
2818
2819	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !<
2820	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2821	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2822
2823	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
2824	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2825	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2826	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2827	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !<
2828	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !<
2829
2830	LOGICAL :: found !<
2831	LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections)
2832
2833	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !<
2834
2835	found = .TRUE.
2836
2837	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2838
2839
2840	CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2841	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2842	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2843	DO j = nysg, nyng
2844	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq(j,i) * c_veg(j,i)
2845	ENDDO
2846	ENDDO
2847	ELSE
2848	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2849	DO j = nysg, nyng
2850	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i)
2851	ENDDO
2852	ENDDO
2853	ENDIF
2854
2855	two_d = .TRUE.
2856	grid = 'zu1'
2857
2858	CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2859	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2860	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2861	DO j = nysg, nyng
2862	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)
2863	ENDDO
2864	ENDDO
2865	ELSE
2866	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2867	DO j = nysg, nyng
2868	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i)
2869	ENDDO
2870	ENDDO
2871	ENDIF
2872
2873	two_d = .TRUE.
2874	grid = 'zu1'
2875
2876	CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2877	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2878	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2879	DO j = nysg, nyng
2880	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg(j,i)
2881	ENDDO
2882	ENDDO
2883	ELSE
2884	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2885	DO j = nysg, nyng
2886	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i)
2887	ENDDO
2888	ENDDO
2889	ENDIF
2890
2891	two_d = .TRUE.
2892	grid = 'zu1'
2893
2894	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2895	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2896	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2897	DO j = nysg, nyng
2898	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb(j,i)
2899	ENDDO
2900	ENDDO
2901	ELSE
2902	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2903	DO j = nysg, nyng
2904	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb_av(j,i)
2905	ENDDO
2906	ENDDO
2907	ENDIF
2908
2909	two_d = .TRUE.
2910	grid = 'zu1'
2911
2912	CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2913	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2914	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2915	DO j = nysg, nyng
2916	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai(j,i)
2917	ENDDO
2918	ENDDO
2919	ELSE
2920	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2921	DO j = nysg, nyng
2922	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i)
2923	ENDDO
2924	ENDDO
2925	ENDIF
2926
2927	two_d = .TRUE.
2928	grid = 'zu1'
2929
2930	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2931	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2932	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2933	DO j = nysg, nyng
2934	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb(j,i)
2935	ENDDO
2936	ENDDO
2937	ELSE
2938	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2939	DO j = nysg, nyng
2940	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i)
2941	ENDDO
2942	ENDDO
2943	ENDIF
2944
2945	two_d = .TRUE.
2946	grid = 'zu1'
2947
2948	CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' )
2949	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2950	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2951	DO j = nysg, nyng
2952	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2953	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
2954	ENDDO
2955	ENDDO
2956	ENDDO
2957	ELSE
2958	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2959	DO j = nysg, nyng
2960	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2961	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
2962	ENDDO
2963	ENDDO
2964	ENDDO
2965	ENDIF
2966
2967	nzb_do = nzb_soil
2968	nzt_do = nzt_soil
2969
2970	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
2971
2972	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2973	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2974	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2975	DO j = nysg, nyng
2976	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb(j,i)
2977	ENDDO
2978	ENDDO
2979	ELSE
2980	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2981	DO j = nysg, nyng
2982	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb_av(j,i)
2983	ENDDO
2984	ENDDO
2985	ENDIF
2986
2987	two_d = .TRUE.
2988	grid = 'zu1'
2989
2990	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2991	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2992	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2993	DO j = nysg, nyng
2994	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
2995	ENDDO
2996	ENDDO
2997	ELSE
2998	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2999	DO j = nysg, nyng
3000	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3001	ENDDO
3002	ENDDO
3003	ENDIF
3004
3005	two_d = .TRUE.
3006	grid = 'zu1'
3007
3008	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3009	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3010	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3011	DO j = nysg, nyng
3012	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
3013	ENDDO
3014	ENDDO
3015	ELSE
3016	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3017	DO j = nysg, nyng
3018	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i)
3019	ENDDO
3020	ENDDO
3021	ENDIF
3022
3023	two_d = .TRUE.
3024	grid = 'zu1'
3025
3026	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3027	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3028	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3029	DO j = nysg, nyng
3030	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
3031	ENDDO
3032	ENDDO
3033	ELSE
3034	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3035	DO j = nysg, nyng
3036	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i)
3037	ENDDO
3038	ENDDO
3039	ENDIF
3040
3041	two_d = .TRUE.
3042	grid = 'zu1'
3043
3044
3045	CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3046	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3047	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3048	DO j = nysg, nyng
3049	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a(j,i)
3050	ENDDO
3051	ENDDO
3052	ELSE
3053	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3054	DO j = nysg, nyng
3055	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i)
3056	ENDDO
3057	ENDDO
3058	ENDIF
3059
3060	two_d = .TRUE.
3061	grid = 'zu1'
3062
3063	CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3064	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3065	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3066	DO j = nysg, nyng
3067	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s(j,i)
3068	ENDDO
3069	ENDDO
3070	ELSE
3071	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3072	DO j = nysg, nyng
3073	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i)
3074	ENDDO
3075	ENDDO
3076	ENDIF
3077
3078	two_d = .TRUE.
3079	grid = 'zu1'
3080
3081	CASE ( 'shf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3082	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3083	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3084	DO j = nysg, nyng
3085	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb(j,i)
3086	ENDDO
3087	ENDDO
3088	ELSE
3089	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3090	DO j = nysg, nyng
3091	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb_av(j,i)
3092	ENDDO
3093	ENDDO
3094	ENDIF
3095
3096	two_d = .TRUE.
3097	grid = 'zu1'
3098
3099	CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' )
3100	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3101	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3102	DO j = nysg, nyng
3103	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3104	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3105	ENDDO
3106	ENDDO
3107	ENDDO
3108	ELSE
3109	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3110	DO j = nysg, nyng
3111	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3112	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3113	ENDDO
3114	ENDDO
3115	ENDDO
3116	ENDIF
3117
3118	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3119	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3120
3121	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3122
3123	CASE DEFAULT
3124	found = .FALSE.
3125	grid = 'none'
3126
3127	END SELECT
3128
3129	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d
3130
3131
3132	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3133	!
3134	! Description:
3135	! ------------
3136	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3137	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3138	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
3139
3140
3141	USE indices
3142
3143	USE kinds
3144
3145
3146	IMPLICIT NONE
3147
3148	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3149
3150	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3151	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3152	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3153	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3154
3155	LOGICAL :: found !<
3156
3157	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !<
3158
3159
3160	found = .TRUE.
3161
3162
3163	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3164
3165
3166	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3167
3168	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3169	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3170	DO j = nysg, nyng
3171	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3172	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
3173	ENDDO
3174	ENDDO
3175	ENDDO
3176	ELSE
3177	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3178	DO j = nysg, nyng
3179	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3180	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3181	ENDDO
3182	ENDDO
3183	ENDDO
3184	ENDIF
3185
3186	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3187
3188	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3189	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3190	DO j = nysg, nyng
3191	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3192	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3193	ENDDO
3194	ENDDO
3195	ENDDO
3196	ELSE
3197	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3198	DO j = nysg, nyng
3199	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3200	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3201	ENDDO
3202	ENDDO
3203	ENDDO
3204	ENDIF
3205
3206
3207	CASE DEFAULT
3208	found = .FALSE.
3209
3210	END SELECT
3211
3212
3213	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d
3214
3215
3216	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3217	!
3218	! Description:
3219	! ------------
3220	!> Write restart data for land surface model
3221	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3222	SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3223
3224
3225	USE control_parameters
3226
3227	USE kinds
3228
3229	IMPLICIT NONE
3230
3231	IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN
3232	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3233	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av
3234	ENDIF
3235	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3236	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av
3237	ENDIF
3238	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3239	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av
3240	ENDIF
3241	IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3242	WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_eb_av
3243	ENDIF
3244	IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3245	WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av
3246	ENDIF
3247	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb
3248	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3249	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_av
3250	ENDIF
3251	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil
3252	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3253	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av
3254	ENDIF
3255	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3256	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_eb_av
3257	ENDIF
3258	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3259	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_eb_av
3260	ENDIF
3261	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3262	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_eb_av
3263	ENDIF
3264	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3265	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_eb_av
3266	ENDIF
3267	IF ( ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3268	WRITE ( 14 ) 'shf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) shf_eb_av
3269	ENDIF
3270	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil
3271	IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3272	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av
3273	ENDIF
3274
3275	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end lsm * '
3276
3277	ENDIF
3278
3279	END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3280
3281
3282	SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, &
3283	nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, &
3284	offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, &
3285	tmp_2d )
3286
3287
3288	USE control_parameters
3289
3290	USE indices
3291
3292	USE kinds
3293
3294	USE pegrid
3295
3296	IMPLICIT NONE
3297
3298	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !<
3299
3300	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3301	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3302	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
3303	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
3304	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
3305	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
3306	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
3307	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
3308	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
3309	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
3310	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
3311	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
3312	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
3313	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
3314	INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !<
3315
3316	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !<
3317	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !<
3318	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !<
3319	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !<
3320	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !<
3321	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !<
3322
3323	REAL(wp), &
3324	DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3325	tmp_2d !<
3326
3327	REAL(wp), &
3328	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3329	tmp_3d !<
3330
3331	REAL(wp), &
3332	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3333	tmp_3d2 !<
3334
3335
3336	IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
3337	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3338
3339	DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '* end lsm *' )
3340
3341	DO k = 1, overlap_count
3342
3343	nxlf = nxlfa(i,k)
3344	nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3345	nxrf = nxrfa(i,k)
3346	nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3347	nysf = nysfa(i,k)
3348	nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3349	nynf = nynfa(i,k)
3350	nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3351
3352
3353	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) )
3354
3355	CASE ( 'c_liq_av' )
3356	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3357	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3358	ENDIF
3359	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3360	c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3361	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3362
3363	CASE ( 'c_soil_av' )
3364	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3365	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3366	ENDIF
3367	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3368	c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3369	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3370
3371	CASE ( 'c_veg_av' )
3372	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3373	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3374	ENDIF
3375	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3376	c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3377	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3378
3379	CASE ( 'ghf_eb_av' )
3380	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3381	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3382	ENDIF
3383	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3384	ghf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3385	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3386
3387	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb' )
3388	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3389	m_liq_eb(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3390	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3391
3392	CASE ( 'lai_av' )
3393	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3394	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3395	ENDIF
3396	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3397	lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3398	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3399
3400	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb_av' )
3401	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3402	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3403	ENDIF
3404	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3405	m_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3406	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3407
3408	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3409	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3410	m_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3411	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf-nbgp:nynf &
3412	+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3413
3414	CASE ( 'm_soil_av' )
3415	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3416	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3417	ENDIF
3418	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3419	m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3420	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf &
3421	-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3422
3423	CASE ( 'qsws_eb_av' )
3424	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3425	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3426	ENDIF
3427	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3428	qsws_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3429	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3430
3431	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb_av' )
3432	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3433	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3434	ENDIF
3435	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3436	qsws_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3437	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3438	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb_av' )
3439	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3440	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3441	ENDIF
3442	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3443	qsws_soil_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3444	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3445
3446	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb_av' )
3447	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3448	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3449	ENDIF
3450	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3451	qsws_veg_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3452	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3453
3454	CASE ( 'shf_eb_av' )
3455	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3456	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3457	ENDIF
3458	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3459	shf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3460	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3461
3462	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3463	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d
3464	t_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3465	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3466	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3467
3468	CASE ( 't_soil_av' )
3469	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3470	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3471	ENDIF
3472	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3473	t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3474	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3475	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3476
3477
3478	CASE DEFAULT
3479	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', &
3480	TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', &
3481	'&data from prior run on PE ', myid
3482	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0441', 1, 2, 0, 6, &
3483	0 )
3484
3485	END SELECT
3486
3487	ENDDO
3488
3489	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3490
3491	ENDDO
3492	ENDIF
3493
3494	END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data
3495
3496	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3497	! Description:
3498	! ------------
3499	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
3500	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
3501	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
3502	!> 2012)
3503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3504	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3505
3506	USE control_parameters, &
3507	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
3508
3509	IMPLICIT NONE
3510
3511	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3512	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3513
3514	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
3515	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
3516	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
3517	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
3518
3519
3520	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3521	DO j = nysg, nyng
3522	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
3523
3524	!
3525	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
3526	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
3527	!-- length
3528	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
3529	!
3530	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
3531	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
3532	!
3533	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
3534	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
3535
3536	!
3537	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
3538	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
3539	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
3540	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
3541	! ENDIF
3542
3543	!
3544	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
3545	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
3546	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
3547	!-- Charnock relation is used.
3548	z0(j,i) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i) ) &
3549	+ ( alpha_ch * us(j,i)**2 / g )
3550
3551	z0h(j,i) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3552	z0q(j,i) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3553
3554	ENDIF
3555	ENDDO
3556	ENDDO
3557
3558	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3559
3560
3561	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3562	! Description:
3563	! ------------
3564	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
3565	!> that the skin is always saturated.
3566	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3567	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3568
3569	IMPLICIT NONE
3570
3571	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3572	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3573	INTEGER :: k !< running index
3574
3575	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
3576
3577	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3578	DO j = nysg, nyng
3579	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
3580
3581	!
3582	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
3583	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface_p(j,i) &
3584	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface_p(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
3585
3586	!
3587	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
3588	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
3589
3590	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
3591
3592	!
3593	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
3594	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
3595	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3596	* ( q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i) )
3597	ELSE
3598	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3599	* q(k+1,j,i)
3600	ENDIF
3601
3602	!
3603	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
3604	vpt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
3605
3606	ENDDO
3607	ENDDO
3608
3609	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3610
3611
3612	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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