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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 1976

Last change on this file since 1976 was 1976, checked in by maronga, 8 years ago
further modularization of land surface model (2D/3D output and restart data). Bugfix for restart runs without land surface model
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1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
18	!
19	! Current revisions:
20	! -----------------
21	! Parts of the code have been reformatted. Use of radiation model output is
22	! generalized and simplified. Added more output quantities due to modularization
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 1976 2016-07-27 13:28:04Z maronga $
27	!
28	! 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga
29	! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this
30	! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module.
31	!
32	!
33	! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga
34	! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start
35	!
36	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
37	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
38	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
39	!
40	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
41	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
42	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
43	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
44	!
45	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
46	! prr moved to arrays_3d
47	!
48	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
49	! Cleanup after modularization
50	!
51	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
52	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
53	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
54	!
55	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
56	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
57	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
58	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
59	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
60	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
61	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
62	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
63	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
64	! Syntax layout improved.
65	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
66	!
67	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
68	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
69	!
70	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
71	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
72	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
73	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
74	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
75	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
76	!
77	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
78	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
79	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
80	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
81	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
82	! Added todo action
83	!
84	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
85	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
86	!
87	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
88	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
89	! Replaced rif with ol
90	!
91	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
92	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
93	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
94	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
95	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
96	!
97	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
98	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
99	!
100	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
101	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
102	!
103	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
104	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
105	!
106	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
107	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
108	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
109	!
110	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
111	! Added output of r_a and r_s
112	!
113	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
114	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
115	! profile
116	!
117	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
118	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
119	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
120	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
121	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
122	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
123	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
124	! calculation
125	!
126	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
127	!
128	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
129	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
130	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
131	! Added support for dry runs.
132	!
133	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
134	! Initial revision
135	!
136	!
137	! Description:
138	! ------------
139	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
140	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
141	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
142	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
143	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
144	!>
145	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
146	!> skin layer.
147	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
148	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
149	!> nzt_soil=3)).
150	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
151	!> with considerable precipitation.
152	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
153	!>
154	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
155	!> become too thin.
156	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
157	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
158
159	USE arrays_3d, &
160	ONLY: hyp, ol, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, qsws, shf, ts, us, vpt, z0, &
161	z0h, z0q
162
163	USE cloud_parameters, &
164	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
165
166	USE control_parameters, &
167	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
168	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
169	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
170	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
171	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
172
173	USE indices, &
174	ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner
175
176	USE kinds
177
178	USE pegrid
179
180	USE radiation_model_mod, &
181	ONLY: force_radiation_call, rad_net, rad_sw_in, rad_lw_out, &
182	rad_lw_out_change_0, unscheduled_radiation_calls
183
184	USE statistics, &
185	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
186
187	IMPLICIT NONE
188
189	!
190	!-- LSM model constants
191	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
192	nzt_soil = 3, & !< top of the soil model (to be switched)
193	nzs = 4 !< number of soil layers (fixed for now)
194
195	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
196	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
197	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
198	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
199	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
200	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
201	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
202	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
203	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
204
205
206	!
207	!-- LSM variables
208	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !< NAMELIST veg_type_2d
209	soil_type = 3 !< NAMELIST soil_type_2d
210
211	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: soil_type_2d, & !< soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-7: generic (see list)
212	veg_type_2d !< vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
213
214	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: water_surface, & !< flag parameter for water surfaces (classes 14+15)
215	pave_surface, & !< flag parameter for pavements (asphalt etc.) (class 20)
216	building_surface !< flag parameter indicating that the surface element is covered by buildings (no LSM actions, not implemented yet)
217
218	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
219	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag parameter for unscheduled radiation model calls
220	land_surface = .FALSE. !< flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
221
222	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
223	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
224	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
225	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
226	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
227	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
228	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
229	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
230	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
231	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
232	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
233	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
234	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
235	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
236	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
237	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
238	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
239	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
240	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
241	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
242	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
243	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
244	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
245	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
246	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
247	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
248	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
249	rho_lv, & !< rho * l_v
250	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
251	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
252	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
253	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
254	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
255	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
256	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
257	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
258
259	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
260	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
261	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
262	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !< root extraction
263	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
264	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
265	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !< soil layer depths (m)
266	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !< soil moisture content (m3/m3)
267
268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
269	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & !< soil temperature (K)
270	283.0_wp /), &
271	ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
272	dz_soil !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
273
274	#if defined( __nopointer )
275	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !< surface temperature (K)
276	t_surface_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K)
277	m_liq_eb, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
278	m_liq_eb_av, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
279	m_liq_eb_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
280	#else
281	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
282	t_surface_p, &
283	m_liq_eb, &
284	m_liq_eb_p
285
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
287	m_liq_eb_av, &
288	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
289	#endif
290
291	!
292	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
293	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !< surface temperature tendency (K)
294	tm_liq_eb_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
295
296	!
297	!-- Energy balance variables
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
299	alpha_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
300	c_liq, & !< liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
301	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
302	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
303	c_veg, & !< vegetation coverage
304	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
305	f_sw_in, & !< fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
306	ghf_eb, & !< ground heat flux
307	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
308	gamma_w_sat, & !< hydraulic conductivity at saturation
309	g_d, & !< coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
310	lai, & !< leaf area index
311	lai_av, & !< average of lai
312	lambda_surface_s, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
313	lambda_surface_u, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
314	l_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
315	m_fc, & !< soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
316	m_res, & !< residual soil moisture
317	m_sat, & !< saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
318	m_wilt, & !< soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
319	n_vg, & !< coef. Van Genuchten
320	qsws_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (total)
321	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
322	qsws_liq_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
323	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
324	qsws_soil_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
325	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
326	qsws_veg_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
327	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
328	rad_net_l, & !< local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface)
329	r_a, & !< aerodynamic resistance
330	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
331	r_canopy, & !< canopy resistance
332	r_soil, & !< soil resistance
333	r_soil_min, & !< minimum soil resistance
334	r_s, & !< total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
335	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
336	r_canopy_min, & !< minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
337	shf_eb, & !< surface flux of sensible heat
338	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
339
340
341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
342	lambda_h, & !< heat conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
343	lambda_w, & !< hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
344	gamma_w, & !< hydraulic conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
345	rho_c_total !< volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
346
347	#if defined( __nopointer )
348	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
349	t_soil, & !< Soil temperature (K)
350	t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
351	t_soil_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K)
352	m_soil, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3)
353	m_soil_av, & !< Average of m_soil
354	m_soil_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
355	#else
356	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
357	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
358	m_soil, m_soil_p
359
360	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
361	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
362	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
363	#endif
364
365
366	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
367	tt_soil_m, & !< t_soil storage array
368	tm_soil_m, & !< m_soil storage array
369	root_fr !< root fraction (sum=1)
370
371
372	!
373	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
374	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
375	'user defined ', & ! 0
376	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
377	'short grass ', & ! 2
378	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
379	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
380	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
381	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
382	'tall grass ', & ! 7
383	'desert ', & ! 8
384	'tundra ', & ! 9
385	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
386	'semidesert ', & ! 11
387	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
388	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
389	'inland water ', & ! 14
390	'ocean ', & ! 15
391	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
392	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
393	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
394	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
395	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
396	/)
397
398	!
399	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
400	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
401	'user defined', & ! 0
402	'coarse ', & ! 1
403	'medium ', & ! 2
404	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
405	'fine ', & ! 4
406	'very fine ', & ! 5
407	'organic ', & ! 6
408	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
409	/)
410	!
411	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
412
413	!
414	!-- Land surface parameters I
415	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
417	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
418	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
419	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
420	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
421	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
422	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
423	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
424	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
425	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
426	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
427	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
428	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
429	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
430	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
431	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
432	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
433	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
434	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
435	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
436	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
437	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
438
439	!
440	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
442	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
443	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
444	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
445	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
446	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
447	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
448	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
449	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
450	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
451	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
452	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
453	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
454	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
455	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
456	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
457	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
458	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
459	2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18
460	1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, & ! 19
461	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
462	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
463
464	!
465	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
466	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
467	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
468	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
469	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
470	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
471	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
472	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
473	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
474	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
475	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
476	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
477	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
478	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
479	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
480	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
481	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
482	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
483	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
484	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
485	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
486	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
487	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
488
489	!
490	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
491	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
492	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
493	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
494	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
495	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
496	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
497	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
498	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
499	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
500	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
501	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
502	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
503	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
504	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
505	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
506	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
507	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
508	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
509	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
510	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 19
511	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
512	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
513
514	!
515	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
516
517	!
518	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
519	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
520	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
521	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
522	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
523	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
524	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
525	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
526	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
527	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
528
529	!
530	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
531	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
532	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
533	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
534	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
535	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
536	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
537	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
538	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
539	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
540
541
542	SAVE
543
544
545	PRIVATE
546
547
548	!
549	!-- Public functions
550	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
551	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,&
552	lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, &
553	lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, &
554	lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions
555	!
556	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
557	PUBLIC land_surface, skip_time_do_lsm
558
559	!
560	!-- Public grid variables
561	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
562
563	!
564	!-- Public 2D output variables
565	PUBLIC ghf_eb, qsws_eb, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_soil_eb,qsws_veg_eb, r_a, r_s, &
566	shf_eb
567
568	!
569	!-- Public prognostic variables
570	PUBLIC m_soil, t_soil
571
572
573	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
574	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
575	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
576
577	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
578	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
579	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
580
581	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
582	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
583	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
584
585	INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
586	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging
587	END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
588
589	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
590	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d
591	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
592
593	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
594	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d
595	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
596
597	INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
598	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
599	END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
600
601	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
602	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
603	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
604
605	INTERFACE lsm_header
606	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
607	END INTERFACE lsm_header
608
609	INTERFACE lsm_init
610	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
611	END INTERFACE lsm_init
612
613	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
614	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
615	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
616
617	INTERFACE lsm_parin
618	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
619	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
620
621	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
622	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
623	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
624
625	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
626	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
627	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
628
629	INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
630	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data
631	END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
632
633	INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
634	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions
635	END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
636
637	CONTAINS
638
639	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
640	! Description:
641	! ------------
642	!> Check data output for land surface model
643	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
644	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
645
646
647	USE control_parameters, &
648	ONLY: data_output, message_string
649
650	IMPLICIT NONE
651
652	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
653	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
654
655	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
656	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
657	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
658
659	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
660
661	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
662	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
663	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
664	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
665	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
666	ENDIF
667	unit = 'm3/m3'
668
669	CASE ( 't_soil' )
670	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
671	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
672	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
673	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
674	ENDIF
675	unit = 'K'
676
677	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
678	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
679	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
680	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
681	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
682	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
683	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
684	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
685	ENDIF
686	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
687	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
688	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
689	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
690	ENDIF
691	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
692	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
693	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
694	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
695	ENDIF
696	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
697	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
698	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
699	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
700	ENDIF
701	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
702	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
703	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
704	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
705	ENDIF
706	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
707	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
708	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
709	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
710	ENDIF
711	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
712	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
713	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
714	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
715	ENDIF
716	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
717	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
718	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
719	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
720	ENDIF
721	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
722	THEN
723	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
724	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
725	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
726	ENDIF
727	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
728	THEN
729	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
730	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
731	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
732	ENDIF
733	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
734	THEN
735	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
736	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
737	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
738	ENDIF
739	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
740	THEN
741	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
742	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
743	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
744	ENDIF
745	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
746	THEN
747	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
748	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
749	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
750	ENDIF
751
752	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
753	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
754	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
755	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
756	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
757	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
758	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
759	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
760	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
761	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
762	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
763	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
764	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
765
766	CASE DEFAULT
767	unit = 'illegal'
768
769	END SELECT
770
771
772	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
773
774
775	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
776	! Description:
777	! ------------
778	!> Check data output of profiles for land surface model
779	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
780	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
781
782	USE control_parameters, &
783	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
784
785	USE indices
786
787	USE profil_parameter
788
789	USE statistics
790
791	IMPLICIT NONE
792
793	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
794	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
795	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
796
797	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
798	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
799
800	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
801
802	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
803	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
804	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
805	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
806	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
807	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
808	ELSE
809	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
810	dopr_unit = 'K'
811	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
812	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
813	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
814	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
815	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
816	ENDIF
817	unit = dopr_unit
818	ENDIF
819
820	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
821	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
822	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
823	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
824	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
825	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
826	ELSE
827	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
828	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
829	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
830	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
831	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
832	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
833	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
834	ENDIF
835	unit = dopr_unit
836	ENDIF
837
838
839	CASE DEFAULT
840	unit = 'illegal'
841
842	END SELECT
843
844
845	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
846
847
848	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
849	! Description:
850	! ------------
851	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
852	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
853	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
854
855	USE control_parameters, &
856	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
857	most_method, topography
858
859	USE radiation_model_mod, &
860	ONLY: radiation
861
862
863	IMPLICIT NONE
864
865
866	!
867	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
868	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
869	!-- model
870	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
871	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
872	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
873	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
874	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
875	ENDIF
876
877	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
878	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
879	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
880	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
881	ENDIF
882
883	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
884	message_string = 'lsm cannot be used ' // &
885	'in combination with topography /= "flat"'
886	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0415', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
887	ENDIF
888
889	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
890	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
891	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
892	'allowed in combination with ', &
893	'most_method = ', most_method
894	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
895	ENDIF
896
897	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
898	IF ( SUM( root_fraction ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
899	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
900	'requires setting of root_fraction(0:3)'// &
901	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
902	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
903	ENDIF
904
905	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
906	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
907	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
908	'/= 9999999.9'
909	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
910	ENDIF
911
912	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
913	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
914	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
915	'/= 9999999.9'
916	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
917	ENDIF
918
919	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
920	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
921	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
922	'/= 9999999.9'
923	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
924	ENDIF
925
926	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
927	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
928	'requires setting of'// &
929	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
930	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
931	ENDIF
932
933	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
934	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
935	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
936	'/= 9999999.9'
937	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
938	ENDIF
939
940	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
941	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
942	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
943	'/= 9999999.9'
944	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
945	ENDIF
946
947	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
948	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
949	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
950	'/= 9999999.9'
951	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
952	ENDIF
953
954	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
955	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
956	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
957	'/= 9999999.9'
958	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
959	ENDIF
960
961	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
962	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
963	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
964	'/= 9999999.9'
965	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
966	ENDIF
967
968
969	ENDIF
970
971	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
972
973	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
974	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
975	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
976	'/= 9999999.9'
977	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
978	ENDIF
979
980	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
981	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
982	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
983	'/= 9999999.9'
984	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
985	ENDIF
986
987	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
988	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
989	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
990	'/= 9999999.9'
991	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
992	ENDIF
993
994	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
995	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
996	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
997	'/= 9999999.9'
998	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
999	ENDIF
1000
1001	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1002	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1003	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
1004	'/= 9999999.9'
1005	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1006	ENDIF
1007
1008	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1009	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1010	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
1011	'/= 9999999.9'
1012	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1013	ENDIF
1014
1015	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1016	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1017	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
1018	'/= 9999999.9'
1019	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1020	ENDIF
1021
1022	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1023	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1024	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
1025	'/= 9999999.9'
1026	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1027	ENDIF
1028
1029	ENDIF
1030
1031	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
1032	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
1033	'radiation = .T.'
1034	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1035	ENDIF
1036
1037
1038	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
1039
1040	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1041	! Description:
1042	! ------------
1043	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
1044	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1045	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1046
1047
1048	IMPLICIT NONE
1049
1050	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1051	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1052	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !< running index
1053
1054	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
1055	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
1056	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
1057	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
1058	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
1059	e, & !< water vapour pressure
1060	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
1061	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
1062	tend, & !< tendency
1063	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
1064	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1065	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1066	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
1067	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
1068	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
1069	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
1070	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
1071	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
1072	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
1073	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
1074	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
1075
1076	!
1077	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
1078	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1079
1080	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1081	DO j = nysg, nyng
1082	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1083
1084	!
1085	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
1086	IF ( .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1087
1088	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
1089
1090	IF ( t_surface(j,i) >= t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)) THEN
1091	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
1092	ELSE
1093	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
1094	ENDIF
1095	ELSE
1096
1097	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
1098	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
1099
1100	ENDIF
1101
1102	!
1103	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
1104	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
1105	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
1106	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
1107	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1108	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1109	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i)
1110	ELSE
1111	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1112	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i)
1113	ENDIF
1114
1115	r_a(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp)
1116
1117	!
1118	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
1119	!-- stratification
1120	IF ( ABS(r_a(j,i)) < 1.0_wp ) r_a(j,i) = 1.0_wp
1121
1122	!
1123	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
1124	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
1125
1126	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
1127	!-- night)
1128	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) / &
1129	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) &
1130	+ 1.0_wp)) )
1131
1132
1133
1134	!
1135	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
1136	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
1137	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
1138	m_total = 0.0_wp
1139	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1140	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
1141	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
1142	ENDDO
1143
1144	IF ( m_total > m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total < m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1145	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
1146	ELSEIF ( m_total >= m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1147	f2 = 1.0_wp
1148	ELSE
1149	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
1150	ENDIF
1151
1152	!
1153	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1154	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
1155	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
1156
1157	!
1158	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1159	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1160	!
1161	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1162	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1163	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
1164	ELSE
1165	f3 = 1.0_wp
1166	ENDIF
1167
1168	!
1169	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1170	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1171	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1172	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
1173	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
1174
1175	!
1176	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
1177	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
1178	IF ( soil_type_2d(j,i) /= 7 ) THEN
1179	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
1180	m_res(j,i)
1181	ELSE
1182	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
1183	ENDIF
1184
1185	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
1186	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
1187	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
1188
1189	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
1190
1191	!
1192	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
1193	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
1194	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
1195	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
1196	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
1197	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
1198	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1199	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
1200	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, (m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
1201	ELSE
1202	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( c_veg(j,i) * lai(j,i) &
1203	+ (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) )
1204	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max )
1205	ENDIF
1206
1207	!
1208	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1209	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1210
1211	!
1212	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1213	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1214	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
1215	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1216	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1217	ENDIF
1218
1219	!
1220	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1221	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
1222	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
1223	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1224	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1225	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1226	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / r_a(j,i)
1227	ELSEIF ( pave_surface (j,i) ) THEN
1228	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1229	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1230	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1231	ELSE
1232	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
1233	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
1234	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
1235	r_soil(j,i))
1236	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1237	ENDIF
1238	!
1239	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
1240	!-- transpirate.
1241	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1242	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1243	! ENDIF
1244
1245	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
1246	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1247
1248	!
1249	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1250	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
1251	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
1252	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1253
1254	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
1255
1256	!
1257	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1258	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
1259
1260	!
1261	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
1262	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1263
1264	!
1265	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1266	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1267	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1268	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
1269	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
1270	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1271
1272	!
1273	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1274	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
1275	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1276	ELSE
1277
1278	!
1279	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1280	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1281	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1282	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
1283	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1284
1285	!
1286	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1287	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1288
1289	ENDIF
1290
1291	tend = 0.0_wp
1292
1293	!
1294	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1295	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1296	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp * &
1297	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2 &
1298	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
1299
1300	!
1301	!-- Add RK3 term
1302	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1303
1304	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1305	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1306
1307	!
1308	!-- Calculate true tendency
1309	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1310	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1311	!
1312	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1313	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1314	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1315	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
1316	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1317	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1318	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1319	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1320	ENDIF
1321	ENDIF
1322	ENDIF
1323
1324	!
1325	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
1326	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
1327	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
1328	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
1329	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
1330	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
1331	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
1332	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
1333	IF ( ABS( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
1334	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
1335	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
1336	ENDIF
1337
1338	pt(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
1339
1340	!
1341	!-- Calculate fluxes
1342	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1343	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1344	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * t_surface_p(j,i)
1345
1346	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i)
1347	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1348	* ( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) )
1349
1350	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
1351	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
1352
1353	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - pt(k,j,i) )
1354
1355	shf(j,i) = shf_eb(j,i) / rho_cp
1356
1357	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1358	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1359	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) )
1360
1361	qsws(j,i) = qsws_eb(j,i) / rho_lv
1362
1363	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
1364	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1365	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1366
1367	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
1368	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1369	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1370
1371	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
1372	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1373	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1374	ENDIF
1375
1376	!
1377	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1378	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1379	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
1380	ELSE
1381	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1382	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
1383	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
1384	ENDIF
1385
1386	!
1387	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1388	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1389	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1390	!
1391	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
1392	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
1393	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1394	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1395
1396	!
1397	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
1398	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
1399	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
1400	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
1401	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1402	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
1403	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1404	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1405	ELSE
1406	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1407	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1408	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1409	ENDIF
1410
1411	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
1412	!-- coverage.
1413	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) + (1.0_wp &
1414	- c_veg(j,i)) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1415	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1416	ENDIF
1417
1418	!
1419	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1420	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1421
1422	!
1423	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
1424	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
1425	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1426	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1427	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1428	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1429	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
1430
1431	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1432	ENDIF
1433
1434	!
1435	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1436	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1437	!-- plant
1438	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1439	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
1440	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1441	ENDIF
1442	ENDIF
1443
1444	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
1445	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
1446	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
1447
1448	!
1449	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1450	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1451	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
1452
1453	!
1454	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1455	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1456	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
1457
1458
1459	!
1460	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1461	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1462	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1463	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
1464	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1465	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1466	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1467	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
1468	ENDIF
1469	ENDIF
1470
1471	ENDIF
1472
1473	ENDDO
1474	ENDDO
1475
1476	!
1477	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
1478	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
1479	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
1480	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
1481	#if defined( __parallel )
1482	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1483	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
1484	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
1485	#else
1486	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
1487	#endif
1488	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
1489	ENDIF
1490
1491	!
1492	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1493	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1494	CALL calc_q_surface
1495	ENDIF
1496
1497	!
1498	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1499	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1500
1501
1502	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1503
1504
1505	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1506	! Description:
1507	! ------------
1508	!> Header output for land surface model
1509	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1510	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
1511
1512
1513	IMPLICIT NONE
1514
1515	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
1516	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
1517	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
1518	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
1519	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
1520	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
1521
1522	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
1523
1524	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1525
1526	t_soil_chr = ''
1527	m_soil_chr = ''
1528	soil_depth_chr = ''
1529	roots_chr = ''
1530	vertical_index_chr = ''
1531
1532	i = 1
1533	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1534	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
1535	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1536
1537	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
1538	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1539
1540	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
1541	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1542
1543	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
1544	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1545
1546	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
1547	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
1548	TRIM( coor_chr )
1549	ENDDO
1550
1551	!
1552	!-- Write land surface model header
1553	WRITE( io, 1 )
1554	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1555	WRITE( io, 2 )
1556	ELSE
1557	WRITE( io, 3 )
1558	ENDIF
1559
1560	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
1561	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
1562	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
1563	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
1564	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
1565
1566	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
1567	' ------------------------------'/)
1568	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
1569	', default)')
1570	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
1571	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
1572	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
1573	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
1574	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
1575	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
1576	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
1577	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
1578	' Grid point: ',A)
1579
1580	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
1581
1582
1583	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1584	! Description:
1585	! ------------
1586	!> Initialization of the land surface model
1587	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1588	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1589
1590
1591	IMPLICIT NONE
1592
1593	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1594	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1595	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1596
1597	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
1598
1599
1600	!
1601	!-- Calculate Exner function
1602	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1603
1604
1605	!
1606	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
1607	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
1608	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
1609	ENDIF
1610
1611	!
1612	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
1613	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
1614	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
1615	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
1616	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
1617
1618	!
1619	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
1620	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
1621	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1622	tm_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1623	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
1624	c_liq = 0.0_wp
1625
1626	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1627	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
1628
1629	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1630	qsws_eb = rho_lv * qsws
1631	ELSE
1632	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1633	ENDIF
1634
1635	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1636	qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1637	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1638
1639	r_a = 50.0_wp
1640	r_s = 50.0_wp
1641	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1642	r_soil = 0.0_wp
1643
1644	!
1645	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
1646	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1647	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1648	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1649
1650	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1651	!
1652	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1653	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1654	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1655	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1656
1657	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1658	ENDIF
1659
1660	!
1661	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
1662	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
1663	!-- at the centers
1664	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
1665
1666	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
1667	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
1668	ENDDO
1669	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1670
1671	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
1672	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
1673	ENDDO
1674	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1675
1676	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
1677	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
1678
1679	!
1680	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
1681	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
1682	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
1683	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
1684
1685	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1686	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1687	ENDIF
1688
1689	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1690	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1691	ENDIF
1692
1693	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1694	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1695	ENDIF
1696
1697	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1698	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1699	ENDIF
1700
1701	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1702	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1703	ENDIF
1704
1705	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1706	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1707	ENDIF
1708
1709	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1710	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1711	ENDIF
1712
1713	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1714	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1715	ENDIF
1716
1717	ENDIF
1718
1719	!
1720	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
1721	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
1722	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
1723	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
1724	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
1725	m_sat = saturation_moisture
1726	m_fc = field_capacity
1727	m_wilt = wilting_point
1728	m_res = residual_moisture
1729	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
1730
1731	!
1732	!-- Initial run actions
1733	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1734
1735	t_soil = 0.0_wp
1736	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1737	m_soil = 0.0_wp
1738
1739	!
1740	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
1741	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
1742	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
1743	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1744	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
1745	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
1746	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
1747	ENDDO
1748	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
1749
1750	!
1751	!-- Calculate surface temperature
1752	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
1753
1754	!
1755	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
1756	!-- for the first time step
1757	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1758	DO j = nysg, nyng
1759	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1760
1761	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1762	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1763	ELSE
1764	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1765	ENDIF
1766
1767	!
1768	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
1769	IF ( pt1 == pt(k,j,i) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
1770
1771	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
1772	ts(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
1773	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
1774	ENDDO
1775	ENDDO
1776
1777	!
1778	!-- Actions for restart runs
1779	ELSE
1780
1781	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1782	DO j = nysg, nyng
1783	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1784	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
1785	ENDDO
1786	ENDDO
1787
1788	ENDIF
1789
1790	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1791	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
1792	ENDDO
1793
1794	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
1795	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1796	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
1797	ENDIF
1798	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1799	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
1800	ENDIF
1801	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1802	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
1803	ENDIF
1804	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1805	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
1806	ENDIF
1807	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1808	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
1809	ENDIF
1810	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1811	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
1812	ENDIF
1813	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1814	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
1815	ENDIF
1816	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1817	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1818	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1819	ENDIF
1820	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1821	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
1822	ENDIF
1823	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1824	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
1825	ENDIF
1826	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
1827
1828	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
1829	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1830	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1831	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1832	ENDDO
1833	ENDIF
1834
1835	ELSE
1836
1837	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1838	z0_eb = roughness_length
1839	ENDIF
1840	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1841	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1842	ENDIF
1843	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1844	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1845	ENDIF
1846
1847	ENDIF
1848
1849	!
1850	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
1851	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
1852	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
1853	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1854	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
1855	ELSE
1856	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
1857	ENDIF
1858	ENDIF
1859
1860	!
1861	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
1862	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
1863	veg_type_2d = veg_type
1864	soil_type_2d = soil_type
1865
1866	!
1867	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
1868	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
1869	lai = leaf_area_index
1870	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
1871	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
1872	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
1873	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
1874	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
1875	z0 = z0_eb
1876	z0h = z0h_eb
1877	z0q = z0q_eb
1878
1879	!
1880	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
1881	CALL user_init_land_surface
1882
1883	!
1884	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
1885	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
1886	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1887	DO j = nysg, nyng
1888	IF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 14 .OR. veg_type_2d(j,i) == 15 ) THEN
1889	water_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1890	t_soil(:,j,i) = t_surface(j,i)
1891	ELSEIF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 20 ) THEN
1892	pave_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1893	m_soil(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1894	ENDIF
1895
1896	ENDDO
1897	ENDDO
1898
1899	!
1900	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1901	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1902
1903	t_soil_p = t_soil
1904	m_soil_p = m_soil
1905	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
1906	t_surface_p = t_surface
1907
1908
1909
1910	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
1911	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
1912	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1913	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1914	statistic_regions+1 )
1915	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1916	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1917	statistic_regions+1 )
1918
1919	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1920
1921
1922	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1923	! Description:
1924	! ------------
1925	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
1926	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1927	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
1928
1929
1930	IMPLICIT NONE
1931
1932	!
1933	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
1934	#if defined( __nopointer )
1935	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1936	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1937	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1938	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1939	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1940	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1941	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1942	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1943	#else
1944	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1945	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1946	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1947	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1948	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1949	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1950	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1951	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1952	#endif
1953
1954	!
1955	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
1956	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1957	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1958	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1959	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1960
1961	!
1962	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
1963	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1964	ALLOCATE ( building_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1965	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1966	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1967	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1968	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1969	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1970	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1971	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1972	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1973	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1974	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1975	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1976	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1977	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1978	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1979	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1980	ALLOCATE ( pave_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1981	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1982	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1983	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1984	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1985	ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1986	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1987	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1988	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1989	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1990	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1991	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1992	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1993	ALLOCATE ( soil_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1994	ALLOCATE ( veg_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1995	ALLOCATE ( water_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1996
1997	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
1998	!
1999	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
2000	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2001	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2002	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2003	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2004	#endif
2005
2006
2007	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2008
2009
2010	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2011	! Description:
2012	! ------------
2013	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
2014	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2015	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2016
2017
2018	IMPLICIT NONE
2019
2020	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
2021
2022	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
2023	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
2024	conserve_water_content, &
2025	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
2026	hydraulic_conductivity, &
2027	lambda_surface_stable, &
2028	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
2029	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
2030	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
2031	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
2032	pave_heat_conductivity, &
2033	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
2034	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
2035	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
2036	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
2037	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
2038
2039	line = ' '
2040
2041	!
2042	!-- Try to find land surface model package
2043	REWIND ( 11 )
2044	line = ' '
2045	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
2046	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
2047	ENDDO
2048	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
2049
2050	!
2051	!-- Read user-defined namelist
2052	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
2053
2054	!
2055	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
2056	land_surface = .TRUE.
2057
2058	10 CONTINUE
2059
2060
2061	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2062
2063
2064	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2065	! Description:
2066	! ------------
2067	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
2068	!> temperature and water content.
2069	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2070	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2071
2072
2073	IMPLICIT NONE
2074
2075	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2076	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2077	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2078
2079	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
2080
2081	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
2082	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
2083	tend !< tendency
2084
2085	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2086	DO j = nysg, nyng
2087
2088	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2089	rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2090	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
2091	ENDIF
2092
2093	IF ( .NOT. water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2094	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2095
2096
2097	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
2098
2099	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2100	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
2101
2102	ELSE
2103	!
2104	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
2105	!-- into account water content
2106	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
2107	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
2108
2109	!
2110	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
2111	!-- layers
2112	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) * &
2113	lambda_h_water ** m_soil(k,j,i)
2114
2115	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) &
2116	/ m_sat(j,i)))
2117
2118	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
2119	lambda_h_dry
2120	ENDIF
2121
2122	ENDDO
2123
2124	!
2125	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
2126	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
2127	!-- true pavement depth is considered
2128	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2129	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
2130	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
2131	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1) &
2132	* lambda_temp(k) &
2133	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
2134	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
2135	ELSE
2136	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2137	* 0.5_wp
2138	ENDIF
2139	ENDDO
2140	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145	!
2146	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
2147	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2148
2149	tend(nzb_soil) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
2150	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
2151	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
2152	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2153
2154	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2155	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
2156	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
2157	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
2158	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
2159	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
2160	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
2161	* ddz_soil(k) &
2162	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2163
2164	ENDDO
2165
2166	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2167	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
2168	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
2169	+ tsc(3) &
2170	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2171
2172	!
2173	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2174	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2175	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2176	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2177	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2178	ENDDO
2179	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2180	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2181	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2182	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2183	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
2184	ENDDO
2185	ENDIF
2186	ENDIF
2187
2188
2189	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2190
2191	!
2192	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
2193	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
2194	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), &
2195	m_wilt(j,i) ) / m_sat(j,i) )**( &
2196	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
2197
2198	!
2199	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
2200	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
2201	!
2202	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
2203	!-- (1980)
2204	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
2205	MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), m_wilt(j,i) ) ) )**( &
2206	n_vg(j,i) / (n_vg(j,i) - 1.0_wp ) ) - 1.0_wp &
2207	)**( 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) / alpha_vg(j,i)
2208
2209
2210	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
2211	( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )n_vg(j,i))( &
2212	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) - ( &
2213	alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )**( n_vg(j,i) &
2214	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
2215	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg &
2216	)n_vg(j,i) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
2217	/ n_vg(j,i) ) *( l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp) ) )
2218
2219	!
2220	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
2221	ELSE
2222	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( m_soil(k,j,i) &
2223	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
2224	ENDIF
2225
2226	ENDDO
2227
2228	!
2229	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
2230	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
2231	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
2232	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2233	!
2234	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
2235	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
2236	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
2237	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2238
2239	lambda_w(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2240	* 0.5_wp
2241	gamma_w(k,j,i) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + gamma_temp(k) ) &
2242	* 0.5_wp
2243
2244	ENDDO
2245
2246	!
2247	!
2248	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
2249	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
2250	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
2251	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
2252	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2253	ELSE
2254	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
2255	ENDIF
2256
2257	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
2258	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
2259	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
2260	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
2261	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
2262	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
2263	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
2264	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
2265
2266	!
2267	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
2268	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
2269	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
2270	!-- additional check.
2271	m_total = 0.0_wp
2272	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2273	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2274	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
2275	ENDIF
2276	ENDDO
2277
2278	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2279	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2280	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2281	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) &
2282	/ m_total
2283	ELSE
2284	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
2285	ENDIF
2286	ENDDO
2287	ENDIF
2288
2289	!
2290	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil.
2291	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2292
2293	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
2294	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
2295	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
2296	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
2297	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
2298	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2299
2300	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
2301	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
2302	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2303	- gamma_w(k,j,i) &
2304	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
2305	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k) &
2306	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
2307	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
2308	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2309
2310	ENDDO
2311	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2312	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
2313	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2314	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
2315	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
2316	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
2317	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
2318	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
2319	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
2320
2321	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2322	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
2323	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2324
2325	!
2326	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
2327	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2328	IF ( m_soil_p(k,j,i) < 0.0_wp ) m_soil_p(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2329	ENDDO
2330
2331	!
2332	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2333	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2334	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2335	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2336	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2337	ENDDO
2338	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2339	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2340	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2341	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp&
2342	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
2343	ENDDO
2344	ENDIF
2345	ENDIF
2346
2347	ENDIF
2348
2349	ENDIF
2350
2351	ENDDO
2352	ENDDO
2353
2354	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2355
2356
2357	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2358	! Description:
2359	! ------------
2360	!> Swapping of timelevels
2361	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2362	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
2363
2364	IMPLICIT NONE
2365
2366	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
2367
2368	#if defined( __nopointer )
2369
2370	t_surface = t_surface_p
2371	t_soil = t_soil_p
2372	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2373	m_soil = m_soil_p
2374	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
2375	ENDIF
2376
2377	#else
2378
2379	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
2380
2381	CASE ( 0 )
2382
2383	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2384	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2385	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2386	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2387	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2388	ENDIF
2389
2390
2391	CASE ( 1 )
2392
2393	t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1
2394	t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1
2395	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2396	m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1
2397	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1
2398	ENDIF
2399
2400	END SELECT
2401	#endif
2402
2403	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2409	!
2410	! Description:
2411	! ------------
2412	!> Subroutine for averaging 3D data
2413	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2414	SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
2415
2416
2417	USE control_parameters
2418
2419	USE indices
2420
2421	USE kinds
2422
2423	IMPLICIT NONE
2424
2425	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2426	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2427
2428	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2429	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2430	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2431
2432	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
2433
2434	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2435
2436	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2437	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
2438	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2439	ENDIF
2440	c_liq_av = 0.0_wp
2441
2442	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2443	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
2444	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2445	ENDIF
2446	c_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2447
2448	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2449	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
2450	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2451	ENDIF
2452	c_veg_av = 0.0_wp
2453
2454	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2455	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2456	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2457	ENDIF
2458	ghf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2459
2460	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2461	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
2462	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2463	ENDIF
2464	lai_av = 0.0_wp
2465
2466	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2467	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2468	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2469	ENDIF
2470	m_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2471
2472	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2473	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
2474	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2475	ENDIF
2476	m_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2477
2478	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2479	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
2480	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2481	ENDIF
2482	qsws_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2483
2484	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2485	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2486	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2487	ENDIF
2488	qsws_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2489
2490	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2491	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
2492	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2493	ENDIF
2494	qsws_soil_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2495
2496	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2497	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
2498	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2499	ENDIF
2500	qsws_veg_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2501
2502	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2503	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN
2504	ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2505	ENDIF
2506	r_a_av = 0.0_wp
2507
2508	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2509	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN
2510	ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2511	ENDIF
2512	r_s_av = 0.0_wp
2513
2514	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2515	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2516	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2517	ENDIF
2518	shf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2519
2520	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2521	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
2522	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2523	ENDIF
2524	t_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2525
2526	CASE DEFAULT
2527	CONTINUE
2528
2529	END SELECT
2530
2531	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
2532
2533	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2534
2535	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2536	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2537	DO j = nysg, nyng
2538	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + c_liq(j,i)
2539	ENDDO
2540	ENDDO
2541
2542	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2543	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2544	DO j = nysg, nyng
2545	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - c_veg(j,i))
2546	ENDDO
2547	ENDDO
2548
2549	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2550	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2551	DO j = nysg, nyng
2552	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + c_veg(j,i)
2553	ENDDO
2554	ENDDO
2555
2556	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2557	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2558	DO j = nysg, nyng
2559	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) + ghf_eb(j,i)
2560	ENDDO
2561	ENDDO
2562
2563	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2564	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2565	DO j = nysg, nyng
2566	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + lai(j,i)
2567	ENDDO
2568	ENDDO
2569
2570	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2571	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2572	DO j = nysg, nyng
2573	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) + m_liq_eb(j,i)
2574	ENDDO
2575	ENDDO
2576
2577	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2578	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2579	DO j = nysg, nyng
2580	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2581	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil(k,j,i)
2582	ENDDO
2583	ENDDO
2584	ENDDO
2585
2586	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2587	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2588	DO j = nysg, nyng
2589	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_eb(j,i)
2590	ENDDO
2591	ENDDO
2592
2593	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2594	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2595	DO j = nysg, nyng
2596	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
2597	ENDDO
2598	ENDDO
2599
2600	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2601	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2602	DO j = nysg, nyng
2603	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
2604	ENDDO
2605	ENDDO
2606
2607	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2608	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2609	DO j = nysg, nyng
2610	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
2611	ENDDO
2612	ENDDO
2613
2614	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2615	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2616	DO j = nysg, nyng
2617	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + r_a(j,i)
2618	ENDDO
2619	ENDDO
2620
2621	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2622	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2623	DO j = nysg, nyng
2624	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + r_s(j,i)
2625	ENDDO
2626	ENDDO
2627
2628	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2629	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2630	DO j = nysg, nyng
2631	shf_eb_av(j,i) = shf_eb_av(j,i) + shf_eb(j,i)
2632	ENDDO
2633	ENDDO
2634
2635	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2636	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2637	DO j = nysg, nyng
2638	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2639	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil(k,j,i)
2640	ENDDO
2641	ENDDO
2642	ENDDO
2643
2644	CASE DEFAULT
2645	CONTINUE
2646
2647	END SELECT
2648
2649	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
2650
2651	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2652
2653	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2654	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2655	DO j = nysg, nyng
2656	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2657	ENDDO
2658	ENDDO
2659
2660	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2661	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2662	DO j = nysg, nyng
2663	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2664	ENDDO
2665	ENDDO
2666
2667	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2668	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2669	DO j = nysg, nyng
2670	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2671	ENDDO
2672	ENDDO
2673
2674	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2675	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2676	DO j = nysg, nyng
2677	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2678	ENDDO
2679	ENDDO
2680
2681	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2682	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2683	DO j = nysg, nyng
2684	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2685	ENDDO
2686	ENDDO
2687
2688	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2689	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2690	DO j = nysg, nyng
2691	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2692	ENDDO
2693	ENDDO
2694
2695	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2696	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2697	DO j = nysg, nyng
2698	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2699	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2700	ENDDO
2701	ENDDO
2702	ENDDO
2703
2704	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2705	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2706	DO j = nysg, nyng
2707	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2708	ENDDO
2709	ENDDO
2710
2711	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2712	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2713	DO j = nysg, nyng
2714	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2715	ENDDO
2716	ENDDO
2717
2718	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2719	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2720	DO j = nysg, nyng
2721	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2722	ENDDO
2723	ENDDO
2724
2725	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2726	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2727	DO j = nysg, nyng
2728	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2729	ENDDO
2730	ENDDO
2731
2732	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2733	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2734	DO j = nysg, nyng
2735	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2736	ENDDO
2737	ENDDO
2738
2739	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2740	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2741	DO j = nysg, nyng
2742	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2743	ENDDO
2744	ENDDO
2745
2746	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2747	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2748	DO j = nysg, nyng
2749	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2750	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2751	ENDDO
2752	ENDDO
2753	ENDDO
2754
2755	END SELECT
2756
2757	ENDIF
2758
2759	END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging
2760
2761
2762	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2763	!
2764	! Description:
2765	! ------------
2766	!> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
2767	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
2768	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2769	SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
2770
2771	IMPLICIT NONE
2772
2773	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
2774	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
2775	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
2776	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
2777	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
2778
2779	found = .TRUE.
2780
2781	!
2782	!-- Check for the grid
2783	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
2784
2785	CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil', 'm_soil_xy', 't_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', &
2786	't_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz', 't_soil_yz' )
2787	grid_x = 'x'
2788	grid_y = 'y'
2789	grid_z = 'zs'
2790
2791	CASE DEFAULT
2792	found = .FALSE.
2793	grid_x = 'none'
2794	grid_y = 'none'
2795	grid_z = 'none'
2796	END SELECT
2797
2798	END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
2799
2800	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2801	!
2802	! Description:
2803	! ------------
2804	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
2805	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2806	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, &
2807	two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do )
2808
2809	USE indices
2810
2811	USE kinds
2812
2813
2814	IMPLICIT NONE
2815
2816	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !<
2817	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2818	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2819
2820	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
2821	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2822	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2823	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2824	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !<
2825	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !<
2826
2827	LOGICAL :: found !<
2828	LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections)
2829
2830	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !<
2831
2832	found = .TRUE.
2833
2834	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2835
2836
2837	CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2838	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2839	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2840	DO j = nysg, nyng
2841	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq(j,i) * c_veg(j,i)
2842	ENDDO
2843	ENDDO
2844	ELSE
2845	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2846	DO j = nysg, nyng
2847	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i)
2848	ENDDO
2849	ENDDO
2850	ENDIF
2851
2852	two_d = .TRUE.
2853	grid = 'zu1'
2854
2855	CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2856	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2857	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2858	DO j = nysg, nyng
2859	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)
2860	ENDDO
2861	ENDDO
2862	ELSE
2863	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2864	DO j = nysg, nyng
2865	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i)
2866	ENDDO
2867	ENDDO
2868	ENDIF
2869
2870	two_d = .TRUE.
2871	grid = 'zu1'
2872
2873	CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2874	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2875	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2876	DO j = nysg, nyng
2877	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg(j,i)
2878	ENDDO
2879	ENDDO
2880	ELSE
2881	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2882	DO j = nysg, nyng
2883	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i)
2884	ENDDO
2885	ENDDO
2886	ENDIF
2887
2888	two_d = .TRUE.
2889	grid = 'zu1'
2890
2891	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2892	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2893	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2894	DO j = nysg, nyng
2895	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb(j,i)
2896	ENDDO
2897	ENDDO
2898	ELSE
2899	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2900	DO j = nysg, nyng
2901	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb_av(j,i)
2902	ENDDO
2903	ENDDO
2904	ENDIF
2905
2906	two_d = .TRUE.
2907	grid = 'zu1'
2908
2909	CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2910	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2911	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2912	DO j = nysg, nyng
2913	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai(j,i)
2914	ENDDO
2915	ENDDO
2916	ELSE
2917	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2918	DO j = nysg, nyng
2919	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i)
2920	ENDDO
2921	ENDDO
2922	ENDIF
2923
2924	two_d = .TRUE.
2925	grid = 'zu1'
2926
2927	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2928	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2929	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2930	DO j = nysg, nyng
2931	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb(j,i)
2932	ENDDO
2933	ENDDO
2934	ELSE
2935	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2936	DO j = nysg, nyng
2937	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i)
2938	ENDDO
2939	ENDDO
2940	ENDIF
2941
2942	two_d = .TRUE.
2943	grid = 'zu1'
2944
2945	CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' )
2946	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2947	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2948	DO j = nysg, nyng
2949	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2950	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
2951	ENDDO
2952	ENDDO
2953	ENDDO
2954	ELSE
2955	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2956	DO j = nysg, nyng
2957	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2958	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
2959	ENDDO
2960	ENDDO
2961	ENDDO
2962	ENDIF
2963
2964	nzb_do = nzb_soil
2965	nzt_do = nzt_soil
2966
2967	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
2968
2969	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2970	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2971	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2972	DO j = nysg, nyng
2973	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb(j,i)
2974	ENDDO
2975	ENDDO
2976	ELSE
2977	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2978	DO j = nysg, nyng
2979	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb_av(j,i)
2980	ENDDO
2981	ENDDO
2982	ENDIF
2983
2984	two_d = .TRUE.
2985	grid = 'zu1'
2986
2987	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2988	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2989	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2990	DO j = nysg, nyng
2991	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
2992	ENDDO
2993	ENDDO
2994	ELSE
2995	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2996	DO j = nysg, nyng
2997	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i)
2998	ENDDO
2999	ENDDO
3000	ENDIF
3001
3002	two_d = .TRUE.
3003	grid = 'zu1'
3004
3005	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3006	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3007	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3008	DO j = nysg, nyng
3009	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
3010	ENDDO
3011	ENDDO
3012	ELSE
3013	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3014	DO j = nysg, nyng
3015	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i)
3016	ENDDO
3017	ENDDO
3018	ENDIF
3019
3020	two_d = .TRUE.
3021	grid = 'zu1'
3022
3023	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3024	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3025	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3026	DO j = nysg, nyng
3027	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
3028	ENDDO
3029	ENDDO
3030	ELSE
3031	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3032	DO j = nysg, nyng
3033	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i)
3034	ENDDO
3035	ENDDO
3036	ENDIF
3037
3038	two_d = .TRUE.
3039	grid = 'zu1'
3040
3041
3042	CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3043	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3044	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3045	DO j = nysg, nyng
3046	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a(j,i)
3047	ENDDO
3048	ENDDO
3049	ELSE
3050	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3051	DO j = nysg, nyng
3052	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i)
3053	ENDDO
3054	ENDDO
3055	ENDIF
3056
3057	two_d = .TRUE.
3058	grid = 'zu1'
3059
3060	CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3061	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3062	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3063	DO j = nysg, nyng
3064	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s(j,i)
3065	ENDDO
3066	ENDDO
3067	ELSE
3068	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3069	DO j = nysg, nyng
3070	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i)
3071	ENDDO
3072	ENDDO
3073	ENDIF
3074
3075	two_d = .TRUE.
3076	grid = 'zu1'
3077
3078	CASE ( 'shf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3079	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3080	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3081	DO j = nysg, nyng
3082	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb(j,i)
3083	ENDDO
3084	ENDDO
3085	ELSE
3086	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3087	DO j = nysg, nyng
3088	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb_av(j,i)
3089	ENDDO
3090	ENDDO
3091	ENDIF
3092
3093	two_d = .TRUE.
3094	grid = 'zu1'
3095
3096	CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' )
3097	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3098	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3099	DO j = nysg, nyng
3100	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3101	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3102	ENDDO
3103	ENDDO
3104	ENDDO
3105	ELSE
3106	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3107	DO j = nysg, nyng
3108	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3109	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3110	ENDDO
3111	ENDDO
3112	ENDDO
3113	ENDIF
3114
3115	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3116	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3117
3118	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3119
3120	CASE DEFAULT
3121	found = .FALSE.
3122	grid = 'none'
3123
3124	END SELECT
3125
3126	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d
3127
3128
3129	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3130	!
3131	! Description:
3132	! ------------
3133	!> Subroutine defining 3D output variables
3134	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3135	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
3136
3137
3138	USE indices
3139
3140	USE kinds
3141
3142
3143	IMPLICIT NONE
3144
3145	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3146
3147	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3148	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3149	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3150	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3151
3152	LOGICAL :: found !<
3153
3154	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !<
3155
3156
3157	found = .TRUE.
3158
3159
3160	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3161
3162
3163	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3164
3165	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3166	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3167	DO j = nysg, nyng
3168	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3169	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
3170	ENDDO
3171	ENDDO
3172	ENDDO
3173	ELSE
3174	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3175	DO j = nysg, nyng
3176	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3177	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3178	ENDDO
3179	ENDDO
3180	ENDDO
3181	ENDIF
3182
3183	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3184
3185	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3186	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3187	DO j = nysg, nyng
3188	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3189	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3190	ENDDO
3191	ENDDO
3192	ENDDO
3193	ELSE
3194	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3195	DO j = nysg, nyng
3196	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3197	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3198	ENDDO
3199	ENDDO
3200	ENDDO
3201	ENDIF
3202
3203
3204	CASE DEFAULT
3205	found = .FALSE.
3206
3207	END SELECT
3208
3209
3210	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d
3211
3212
3213	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3214	!
3215	! Description:
3216	! ------------
3217	!> Write restart data for land surface model
3218	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3219	SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3220
3221
3222	USE control_parameters
3223
3224	USE kinds
3225
3226	IMPLICIT NONE
3227
3228	IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN
3229	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3230	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av
3231	ENDIF
3232	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3233	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av
3234	ENDIF
3235	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3236	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av
3237	ENDIF
3238	IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3239	WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_eb_av
3240	ENDIF
3241	IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3242	WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av
3243	ENDIF
3244	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb
3245	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3246	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_av
3247	ENDIF
3248	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil
3249	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3250	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av
3251	ENDIF
3252	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3253	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_eb_av
3254	ENDIF
3255	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3256	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_eb_av
3257	ENDIF
3258	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3259	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_eb_av
3260	ENDIF
3261	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3262	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_eb_av
3263	ENDIF
3264	IF ( ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3265	WRITE ( 14 ) 'shf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) shf_eb_av
3266	ENDIF
3267	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil
3268	IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3269	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av
3270	ENDIF
3271
3272	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end lsm * '
3273
3274	ENDIF
3275
3276	END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3277
3278
3279	SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, &
3280	nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, &
3281	offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, &
3282	tmp_2d )
3283
3284
3285	USE control_parameters
3286
3287	USE indices
3288
3289	USE kinds
3290
3291	USE pegrid
3292
3293	IMPLICIT NONE
3294
3295	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !<
3296
3297	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3298	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3299	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
3300	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
3301	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
3302	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
3303	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
3304	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
3305	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
3306	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
3307	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
3308	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
3309	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
3310	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
3311	INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !<
3312
3313	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !<
3314	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !<
3315	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !<
3316	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !<
3317	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !<
3318	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !<
3319
3320	REAL(wp), &
3321	DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3322	tmp_2d !<
3323
3324	REAL(wp), &
3325	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3326	tmp_3d !<
3327
3328	REAL(wp), &
3329	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3330	tmp_3d2 !<
3331
3332
3333	IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
3334	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3335
3336	DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '* end lsm *' )
3337
3338	DO k = 1, overlap_count
3339
3340	nxlf = nxlfa(i,k)
3341	nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3342	nxrf = nxrfa(i,k)
3343	nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3344	nysf = nysfa(i,k)
3345	nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3346	nynf = nynfa(i,k)
3347	nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3348
3349
3350	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) )
3351
3352	CASE ( 'c_liq_av' )
3353	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3354	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3355	ENDIF
3356	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3357	c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3358	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3359
3360	CASE ( 'c_soil_av' )
3361	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3362	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3363	ENDIF
3364	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3365	c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3366	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3367
3368	CASE ( 'c_veg_av' )
3369	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3370	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3371	ENDIF
3372	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3373	c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3374	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3375
3376	CASE ( 'ghf_eb_av' )
3377	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3378	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3379	ENDIF
3380	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3381	ghf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3382	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3383
3384	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb' )
3385	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3386	m_liq_eb(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3387	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3388
3389	CASE ( 'lai_av' )
3390	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3391	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3392	ENDIF
3393	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3394	lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3395	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3396
3397	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb_av' )
3398	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3399	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3400	ENDIF
3401	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3402	m_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3403	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3404
3405	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3406	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3407	m_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3408	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf-nbgp:nynf &
3409	+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3410
3411	CASE ( 'm_soil_av' )
3412	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3413	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3414	ENDIF
3415	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3416	m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3417	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf &
3418	-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3419
3420	CASE ( 'qsws_eb_av' )
3421	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3422	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3423	ENDIF
3424	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3425	qsws_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3426	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3427
3428	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb_av' )
3429	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3430	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3431	ENDIF
3432	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3433	qsws_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3434	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3435	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb_av' )
3436	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3437	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3438	ENDIF
3439	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3440	qsws_soil_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3441	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3442
3443	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb_av' )
3444	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3445	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3446	ENDIF
3447	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3448	qsws_veg_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3449	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3450
3451	CASE ( 'shf_eb_av' )
3452	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3453	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3454	ENDIF
3455	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3456	shf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3457	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3458
3459	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3460	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d
3461	t_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3462	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3463	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3464
3465	CASE ( 't_soil_av' )
3466	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3467	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3468	ENDIF
3469	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3470	t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3471	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3472	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3473
3474
3475	CASE DEFAULT
3476	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', &
3477	TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', &
3478	'&data from prior run on PE ', myid
3479	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0441', 1, 2, 0, 6, &
3480	0 )
3481
3482	END SELECT
3483
3484	ENDDO
3485
3486	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3487
3488	ENDDO
3489	ENDIF
3490
3491	END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data
3492
3493	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3494	! Description:
3495	! ------------
3496	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
3497	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
3498	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
3499	!> 2012)
3500	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3501	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3502
3503	USE control_parameters, &
3504	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
3505
3506	IMPLICIT NONE
3507
3508	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3509	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3510
3511	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
3512	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
3513	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
3514	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
3515
3516
3517	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3518	DO j = nysg, nyng
3519	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
3520
3521	!
3522	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
3523	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
3524	!-- length
3525	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
3526	!
3527	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
3528	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
3529	!
3530	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
3531	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
3532
3533	!
3534	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
3535	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
3536	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
3537	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
3538	! ENDIF
3539
3540	!
3541	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
3542	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
3543	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
3544	!-- Charnock relation is used.
3545	z0(j,i) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i) ) &
3546	+ ( alpha_ch * us(j,i)**2 / g )
3547
3548	z0h(j,i) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3549	z0q(j,i) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3550
3551	ENDIF
3552	ENDDO
3553	ENDDO
3554
3555	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3556
3557
3558	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3559	! Description:
3560	! ------------
3561	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
3562	!> that the skin is always saturated.
3563	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3564	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3565
3566	IMPLICIT NONE
3567
3568	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3569	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3570	INTEGER :: k !< running index
3571
3572	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
3573
3574	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3575	DO j = nysg, nyng
3576	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
3577
3578	!
3579	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
3580	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface_p(j,i) &
3581	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface_p(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
3582
3583	!
3584	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
3585	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
3586
3587	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
3588
3589	!
3590	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
3591	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
3592	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3593	* ( q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i) )
3594	ELSE
3595	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3596	* q(k+1,j,i)
3597	ENDIF
3598
3599	!
3600	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
3601	vpt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
3602
3603	ENDDO
3604	ENDDO
3605
3606	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3607
3608
3609	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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