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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 1975

Last change on this file since 1975 was 1973, checked in by maronga, 8 years ago
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1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
18	!
19	! Current revisions:
20	! -----------------
21	!
22	!
23	! Former revisions:
24	! -----------------
25	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 1973 2016-07-26 07:52:45Z gronemeier $
26	!
27	! 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga
28	! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this
29	! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module.
30	!
31	!
32	! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga
33	! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start
34	!
35	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
36	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
37	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
38	!
39	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
40	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
41	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
42	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
43	!
44	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
45	! prr moved to arrays_3d
46	!
47	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
48	! Cleanup after modularization
49	!
50	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
51	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
52	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
53	!
54	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
55	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
56	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
57	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
58	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
59	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
60	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
61	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
62	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
63	! Syntax layout improved.
64	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
65	!
66	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
67	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
68	!
69	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
70	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
71	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
72	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
73	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
74	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
75	!
76	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
77	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
78	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
79	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
80	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
81	! Added todo action
82	!
83	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
84	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
85	!
86	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
87	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
88	! Replaced rif with ol
89	!
90	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
91	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
92	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
93	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
94	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
95	!
96	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
97	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
98	!
99	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
100	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
101	!
102	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
103	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
104	!
105	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
106	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
107	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
108	!
109	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
110	! Added output of r_a and r_s
111	!
112	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
113	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
114	! profile
115	!
116	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
117	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
118	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
119	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
120	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
121	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
122	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
123	! calculation
124	!
125	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
126	!
127	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
128	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
129	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
130	! Added support for dry runs.
131	!
132	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
133	! Initial revision
134	!
135	!
136	! Description:
137	! ------------
138	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
139	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
140	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
141	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
142	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
143	!>
144	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
145	!> skin layer.
146	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
147	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
148	!> nzt_soil=3)).
149	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
150	!> with considerable precipitation.
151	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
152	!>
153	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
154	!> become too thin.
155	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
156	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
157
158	USE arrays_3d, &
159	ONLY: hyp, ol, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, qsws, shf, ts, us, vpt, z0, &
160	z0h, z0q
161
162	USE cloud_parameters, &
163	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
164
165	USE control_parameters, &
166	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
167	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
168	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
169	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
170	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
171
172	USE indices, &
173	ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner
174
175	USE kinds
176
177	USE pegrid
178
179	USE radiation_model_mod, &
180	ONLY: force_radiation_call, radiation_scheme, rad_net, rad_sw_in, &
181	rad_lw_out, rad_lw_out_change_0, sigma_sb, &
182	unscheduled_radiation_calls
183
184	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
185	USE radiation_model_mod, &
186	ONLY: rrtm_idrv
187	#endif
188
189	USE statistics, &
190	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
191
192	IMPLICIT NONE
193
194	!
195	!-- LSM model constants
196	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
197	nzt_soil = 3, & !< top of the soil model (to be switched)
198	nzs = 4 !< number of soil layers (fixed for now)
199
200	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
201	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
202	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
203	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
204	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
205	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
206	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
207	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
208	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
209
210
211	!
212	!-- LSM variables
213	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !< NAMELIST veg_type_2d
214	soil_type = 3 !< NAMELIST soil_type_2d
215
216	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: soil_type_2d, & !< soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-7: generic (see list)
217	veg_type_2d !< vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
218
219	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: water_surface, & !< flag parameter for water surfaces (classes 14+15)
220	pave_surface, & !< flag parameter for pavements (asphalt etc.) (class 20)
221	building_surface !< flag parameter indicating that the surface element is covered by buildings (no LSM actions, not implemented yet)
222
223	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
224	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag parameter for unscheduled radiation model calls
225	land_surface = .FALSE. !< flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
226
227	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
228	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
229	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
230	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
231	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
232	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
233	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
234	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
235	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
236	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
237	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
238	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
239	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
240	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
241	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
242	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
243	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
244	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
245	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
246	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
247	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
248	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
249	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
250	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
251	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
252	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
253	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
254	rho_lv, & !< rho * l_v
255	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
256	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
257	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
258	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
259	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
260	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
261	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
262	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
263
264	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
265	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
266	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
267	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !< root extraction
268	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
269	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
270	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !< soil layer depths (m)
271	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !< soil moisture content (m3/m3)
272
273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
274	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & !< soil temperature (K)
275	283.0_wp /), &
276	ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
277	dz_soil !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
278
279	#if defined( __nopointer )
280	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !< surface temperature (K)
281	t_surface_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K)
282	m_liq_eb, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
283	m_liq_eb_av, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
284	m_liq_eb_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
285	#else
286	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
287	t_surface_p, &
288	m_liq_eb, &
289	m_liq_eb_p
290
291	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
292	m_liq_eb_av, &
293	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
294	#endif
295
296	!
297	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
298	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !< surface temperature tendency (K)
299	tm_liq_eb_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
300
301	!
302	!-- Energy balance variables
303	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
304	alpha_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
305	c_liq, & !< liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
306	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
307	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
308	c_veg, & !< vegetation coverage
309	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
310	f_sw_in, & !< fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
311	ghf_eb, & !< ground heat flux
312	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
313	gamma_w_sat, & !< hydraulic conductivity at saturation
314	g_d, & !< coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
315	lai, & !< leaf area index
316	lai_av, & !< average of lai
317	lambda_surface_s, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
318	lambda_surface_u, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
319	l_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
320	m_fc, & !< soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
321	m_res, & !< residual soil moisture
322	m_sat, & !< saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
323	m_wilt, & !< soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
324	n_vg, & !< coef. Van Genuchten
325	qsws_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (total)
326	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
327	qsws_liq_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
328	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
329	qsws_soil_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
330	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
331	qsws_veg_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
332	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
333	rad_net_l, & !< local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface)
334	r_a, & !< aerodynamic resistance
335	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
336	r_canopy, & !< canopy resistance
337	r_soil, & !< soil resistance
338	r_soil_min, & !< minimum soil resistance
339	r_s, & !< total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
340	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
341	r_canopy_min, & !< minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
342	shf_eb, & !< surface flux of sensible heat
343	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
344
345
346	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
347	lambda_h, & !< heat conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
348	lambda_w, & !< hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
349	gamma_w, & !< hydraulic conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
350	rho_c_total !< volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
351
352	#if defined( __nopointer )
353	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
354	t_soil, & !< Soil temperature (K)
355	t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
356	t_soil_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K)
357	m_soil, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3)
358	m_soil_av, & !< Average of m_soil
359	m_soil_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
360	#else
361	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
362	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
363	m_soil, m_soil_p
364
365	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
366	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
367	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
368	#endif
369
370
371	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
372	tt_soil_m, & !< t_soil storage array
373	tm_soil_m, & !< m_soil storage array
374	root_fr !< root fraction (sum=1)
375
376
377	!
378	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
379	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
380	'user defined ', & ! 0
381	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
382	'short grass ', & ! 2
383	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
384	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
385	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
386	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
387	'tall grass ', & ! 7
388	'desert ', & ! 8
389	'tundra ', & ! 9
390	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
391	'semidesert ', & ! 11
392	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
393	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
394	'inland water ', & ! 14
395	'ocean ', & ! 15
396	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
397	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
398	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
399	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
400	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
401	/)
402
403	!
404	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
405	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
406	'user defined', & ! 0
407	'coarse ', & ! 1
408	'medium ', & ! 2
409	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
410	'fine ', & ! 4
411	'very fine ', & ! 5
412	'organic ', & ! 6
413	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
414	/)
415	!
416	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
417
418	!
419	!-- Land surface parameters I
420	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
421	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
422	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
423	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
424	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
425	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
426	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
427	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
428	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
429	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
430	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
431	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
432	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
433	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
434	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
435	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
436	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
437	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
438	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
439	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
440	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
441	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
442	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
443
444	!
445	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
446	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
447	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
448	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
449	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
450	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
451	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
452	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
453	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
454	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
455	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
456	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
457	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
458	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
459	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
460	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
461	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
462	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
463	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
464	2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18
465	1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, & ! 19
466	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
467	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
468
469	!
470	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
471	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
472	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
473	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
474	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
475	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
476	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
477	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
478	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
479	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
480	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
481	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
482	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
483	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
484	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
485	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
486	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
487	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
488	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
489	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
490	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
491	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
492	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
493
494	!
495	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
496	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
497	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
498	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
499	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
500	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
501	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
502	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
503	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
504	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
505	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
506	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
507	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
508	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
509	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
510	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
511	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
512	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
513	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
514	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
515	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 19
516	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
517	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
518
519	!
520	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
521
522	!
523	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
524	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
525	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
526	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
527	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
528	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
529	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
530	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
531	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
532	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
533
534	!
535	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
536	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
537	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
538	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
539	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
540	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
541	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
542	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
543	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
544	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
545
546
547	SAVE
548
549
550	PRIVATE
551
552
553	!
554	!-- Public functions
555	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
556	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,&
557	lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, &
558	lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, &
559	lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions
560	!
561	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
562	PUBLIC land_surface, skip_time_do_lsm
563
564	!
565	!-- Public grid variables
566	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
567
568	!
569	!-- Public 2D output variables
570	PUBLIC ghf_eb, qsws_eb, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_soil_eb,qsws_veg_eb, r_a, r_s, &
571	shf_eb
572
573	!
574	!-- Public prognostic variables
575	PUBLIC m_soil, t_soil
576
577
578	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
579	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
580	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
581
582	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
583	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
584	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
585
586	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
587	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
588	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
589
590	INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
591	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging
592	END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
593
594	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
595	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d
596	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
597
598	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
599	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d
600	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
601
602	INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
603	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
604	END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
605
606	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
607	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
608	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
609
610	INTERFACE lsm_header
611	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
612	END INTERFACE lsm_header
613
614	INTERFACE lsm_init
615	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
616	END INTERFACE lsm_init
617
618	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
619	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
620	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
621
622	INTERFACE lsm_parin
623	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
624	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
625
626	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
627	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
628	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
629
630	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
631	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
632	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
633
634	INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
635	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data
636	END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
637
638
639	INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
640	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions
641	END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
642
643	CONTAINS
644
645	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
646	! Description:
647	! ------------
648	!> Check data output for land surface model
649	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
650	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
651
652
653	USE control_parameters, &
654	ONLY: data_output, message_string
655
656	IMPLICIT NONE
657
658	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
659	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
660
661	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
662	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
663	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
664
665	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
666
667	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
668	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
669	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
670	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
671	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
672	ENDIF
673	unit = 'm3/m3'
674
675	CASE ( 't_soil' )
676	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
677	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
678	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
679	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
680	ENDIF
681	unit = 'K'
682
683	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
684	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
685	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
686	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
687	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
688	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
689	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
690	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
691	ENDIF
692	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
693	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
694	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
695	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
696	ENDIF
697	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
698	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
699	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
700	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
701	ENDIF
702	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
703	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
704	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
705	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
706	ENDIF
707	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
708	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
709	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
710	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
711	ENDIF
712	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
713	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
714	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
715	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
716	ENDIF
717	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
718	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
719	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
720	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
721	ENDIF
722	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
723	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
724	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
725	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
726	ENDIF
727	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
728	THEN
729	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
730	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
731	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
732	ENDIF
733	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
734	THEN
735	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
736	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
737	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
738	ENDIF
739	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
740	THEN
741	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
742	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
743	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
744	ENDIF
745	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
746	THEN
747	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
748	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
749	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
750	ENDIF
751	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
752	THEN
753	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
754	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
755	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
756	ENDIF
757
758	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
759	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
760	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
761	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
762	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
763	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
764	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
765	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
766	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
767	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
768	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
769	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
770	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
771
772	CASE DEFAULT
773	unit = 'illegal'
774
775	END SELECT
776
777
778	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
779
780	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
781
782	USE control_parameters, &
783	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
784
785	USE indices
786
787	USE profil_parameter
788
789	USE statistics
790
791	IMPLICIT NONE
792
793	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
794	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
795	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
796
797	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
798	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
799
800	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
801
802	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
803	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
804	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
805	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
806	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
807	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
808	ELSE
809	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
810	dopr_unit = 'K'
811	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
812	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
813	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
814	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
815	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
816	ENDIF
817	unit = dopr_unit
818	ENDIF
819
820	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
821	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
822	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
823	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
824	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
825	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
826	ELSE
827	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
828	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
829	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
830	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
831	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
832	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
833	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
834	ENDIF
835	unit = dopr_unit
836	ENDIF
837
838
839	CASE DEFAULT
840	unit = 'illegal'
841
842	END SELECT
843
844
845	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
846
847
848	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
849	! Description:
850	! ------------
851	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
852	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
853	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
854
855	USE control_parameters, &
856	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
857	most_method, topography
858
859	USE radiation_model_mod, &
860	ONLY: radiation
861
862
863	IMPLICIT NONE
864
865
866	!
867	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
868	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
869	!-- model
870	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
871	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
872	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
873	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
874	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
875	ENDIF
876
877	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
878	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
879	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
880	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
881	ENDIF
882
883	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
884	message_string = 'lsm cannot be used ' // &
885	'in combination with topography /= "flat"'
886	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0415', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
887	ENDIF
888
889	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
890	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
891	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
892	'allowed in combination with ', &
893	'most_method = ', most_method
894	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
895	ENDIF
896
897	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
898	IF ( SUM( root_fraction ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
899	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
900	'requires setting of root_fraction(0:3)'// &
901	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
902	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
903	ENDIF
904
905	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
906	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
907	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
908	'/= 9999999.9'
909	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
910	ENDIF
911
912	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
913	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
914	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
915	'/= 9999999.9'
916	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
917	ENDIF
918
919	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
920	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
921	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
922	'/= 9999999.9'
923	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
924	ENDIF
925
926	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
927	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
928	'requires setting of'// &
929	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
930	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
931	ENDIF
932
933	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
934	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
935	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
936	'/= 9999999.9'
937	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
938	ENDIF
939
940	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
941	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
942	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
943	'/= 9999999.9'
944	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
945	ENDIF
946
947	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
948	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
949	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
950	'/= 9999999.9'
951	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
952	ENDIF
953
954	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
955	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
956	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
957	'/= 9999999.9'
958	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
959	ENDIF
960
961	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
962	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
963	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
964	'/= 9999999.9'
965	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
966	ENDIF
967
968
969	ENDIF
970
971	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
972
973	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
974	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
975	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
976	'/= 9999999.9'
977	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
978	ENDIF
979
980	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
981	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
982	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
983	'/= 9999999.9'
984	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
985	ENDIF
986
987	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
988	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
989	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
990	'/= 9999999.9'
991	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
992	ENDIF
993
994	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
995	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
996	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
997	'/= 9999999.9'
998	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
999	ENDIF
1000
1001	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1002	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1003	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
1004	'/= 9999999.9'
1005	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1006	ENDIF
1007
1008	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1009	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1010	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
1011	'/= 9999999.9'
1012	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1013	ENDIF
1014
1015	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1016	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1017	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
1018	'/= 9999999.9'
1019	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1020	ENDIF
1021
1022	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1023	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1024	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
1025	'/= 9999999.9'
1026	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1027	ENDIF
1028
1029	ENDIF
1030
1031	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
1032	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
1033	'radiation = .T.'
1034	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1035	ENDIF
1036
1037
1038	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
1039
1040	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1041	! Description:
1042	! ------------
1043	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
1044	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1045	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1046
1047
1048	IMPLICIT NONE
1049
1050	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1051	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1052	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !< running index
1053
1054	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
1055	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
1056	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
1057	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
1058	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
1059	e, & !< water vapour pressure
1060	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
1061	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
1062	tend, & !< tendency
1063	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
1064	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1065	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1066	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
1067	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
1068	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
1069	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
1070	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
1071	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
1072	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
1073	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
1074	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
1075
1076	!
1077	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
1078	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1079
1080	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1081	DO j = nysg, nyng
1082	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1083
1084	!
1085	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
1086	IF ( .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1087
1088	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
1089
1090	IF ( t_surface(j,i) >= t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)) THEN
1091	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
1092	ELSE
1093	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
1094	ENDIF
1095	ELSE
1096
1097	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
1098	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
1099
1100	ENDIF
1101
1102	!
1103	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
1104	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
1105	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
1106	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
1107	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1108	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1109	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i)
1110	ELSE
1111	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1112	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i)
1113	ENDIF
1114
1115	r_a(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp)
1116
1117	!
1118	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
1119	!-- stratification
1120	IF ( ABS(r_a(j,i)) < 1.0_wp ) r_a(j,i) = 1.0_wp
1121
1122	!
1123	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
1124	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
1125
1126	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
1127	!-- night)
1128	IF ( radiation_scheme /= 'constant' ) THEN
1129	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) / &
1130	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) &
1131	+ 1.0_wp)) )
1132	ELSE
1133	f1 = 1.0_wp
1134	ENDIF
1135
1136
1137	!
1138	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
1139	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
1140	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
1141	m_total = 0.0_wp
1142	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1143	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
1144	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
1145	ENDDO
1146
1147	IF ( m_total > m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total < m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1148	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
1149	ELSEIF ( m_total >= m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1150	f2 = 1.0_wp
1151	ELSE
1152	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
1153	ENDIF
1154
1155	!
1156	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1157	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
1158	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
1159
1160	!
1161	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1162	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1163	!
1164	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1165	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1166	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
1167	ELSE
1168	f3 = 1.0_wp
1169	ENDIF
1170
1171	!
1172	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1173	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1174	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1175	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
1176	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
1177
1178	!
1179	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
1180	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
1181	IF ( soil_type_2d(j,i) /= 7 ) THEN
1182	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
1183	m_res(j,i)
1184	ELSE
1185	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
1186	ENDIF
1187
1188	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
1189	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
1190	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
1191
1192	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
1193
1194	!
1195	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
1196	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
1197	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
1198	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
1199	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
1200	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
1201	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1202	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
1203	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, (m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
1204	ELSE
1205	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( c_veg(j,i) * lai(j,i) &
1206	+ (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) )
1207	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max )
1208	ENDIF
1209
1210	!
1211	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1212	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1213
1214	!
1215	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1216	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1217	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
1218	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1219	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1220	ENDIF
1221
1222	!
1223	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1224	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
1225	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
1226	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1227	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1228	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1229	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / r_a(j,i)
1230	ELSEIF ( pave_surface (j,i) ) THEN
1231	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1232	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1233	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1234	ELSE
1235	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
1236	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
1237	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
1238	r_soil(j,i))
1239	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1240	ENDIF
1241	!
1242	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
1243	!-- transpirate.
1244	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1245	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1246	! ENDIF
1247
1248	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
1249	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1250
1251	!
1252	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1253	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
1254	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
1255	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1256
1257	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
1258
1259	!
1260	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1261	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
1262
1263	!
1264	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
1265	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1266	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
1267	!
1268	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1269	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1270	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1271	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
1272	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
1273	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1274
1275	!
1276	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1277	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
1278	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1279	#else
1280
1281	!
1282	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1283	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
1284	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 &
1285	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 &
1286	- q_s + dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) &
1287	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1288
1289	!
1290	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1291	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 + f_qsws &
1292	* dq_s_dt + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1293
1294	#endif
1295	ELSE
1296
1297	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
1298	!
1299	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1300	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1301	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1302	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
1303	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1304
1305	!
1306	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1307	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1308	#else
1309
1310	!
1311	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1312	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
1313	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 + f_shf * pt1 &
1314	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1315
1316	!
1317	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1318	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 &
1319	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1320	#endif
1321	ENDIF
1322
1323	tend = 0.0_wp
1324
1325	!
1326	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1327	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1328	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp * &
1329	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2 &
1330	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
1331
1332	!
1333	!-- Add RK3 term
1334	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1335
1336	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1337	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1338
1339	!
1340	!-- Calculate true tendency
1341	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1342	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1343	!
1344	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1345	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1346	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1347	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
1348	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1349	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1350	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1351	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1352	ENDIF
1353	ENDIF
1354	ENDIF
1355
1356	!
1357	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
1358	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
1359	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
1360	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
1361	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
1362	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
1363	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
1364	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
1365	IF ( ABS( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
1366	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
1367	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
1368	ENDIF
1369
1370	pt(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
1371
1372	!
1373	!-- Calculate fluxes
1374	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
1375	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1376	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1377	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * t_surface_p(j,i)
1378
1379	IF ( rrtm_idrv == 1 ) THEN
1380	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i)
1381	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1382	+ rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1383	* ( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) )
1384	ENDIF
1385	#else
1386	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
1387	* t_surface(j,i)*4 - 4.0_wp sigma_sb &
1388	* t_surface(j,i)*3 t_surface_p(j,i)
1389	#endif
1390
1391	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
1392	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
1393
1394	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - pt(k,j,i) )
1395
1396	shf(j,i) = shf_eb(j,i) / rho_cp
1397
1398	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1399	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1400	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) )
1401
1402	qsws(j,i) = qsws_eb(j,i) / rho_lv
1403
1404	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
1405	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1406	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1407
1408	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
1409	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1410	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1411
1412	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
1413	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1414	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1415	ENDIF
1416
1417	!
1418	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1419	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1420	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
1421	ELSE
1422	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1423	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
1424	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
1425	ENDIF
1426
1427	!
1428	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1429	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1430	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1431	!
1432	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
1433	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
1434	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1435	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1436
1437	!
1438	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
1439	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
1440	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
1441	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
1442	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1443	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
1444	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1445	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1446	ELSE
1447	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1448	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1449	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1450	ENDIF
1451
1452	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
1453	!-- coverage.
1454	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) + (1.0_wp &
1455	- c_veg(j,i)) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1456	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1457	ENDIF
1458
1459	!
1460	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1461	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1462
1463	!
1464	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
1465	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
1466	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1467	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1468	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1469	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1470	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
1471
1472	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1473	ENDIF
1474
1475	!
1476	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1477	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1478	!-- plant
1479	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1480	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
1481	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1482	ENDIF
1483	ENDIF
1484
1485	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
1486
1487	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
1488	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
1489
1490	!
1491	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1492	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1493	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
1494
1495	!
1496	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1497	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1498	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
1499
1500
1501	!
1502	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1503	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1504	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1505	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
1506	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1507	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1508	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1509	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
1510	ENDIF
1511	ENDIF
1512
1513	ENDIF
1514
1515	ENDDO
1516	ENDDO
1517
1518	!
1519	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
1520	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
1521	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
1522	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
1523	#if defined( __parallel )
1524	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1525	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
1526	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
1527	#else
1528	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
1529	#endif
1530	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
1531	ENDIF
1532
1533	!
1534	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1535	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1536	CALL calc_q_surface
1537	ENDIF
1538
1539	!
1540	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1541	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1542
1543
1544	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1545
1546	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1547	! Description:
1548	! ------------
1549	!> Header output for land surface model
1550	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1551	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
1552
1553
1554	IMPLICIT NONE
1555
1556	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
1557	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
1558	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
1559	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
1560	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
1561	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
1562
1563	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
1564
1565	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1566
1567	t_soil_chr = ''
1568	m_soil_chr = ''
1569	soil_depth_chr = ''
1570	roots_chr = ''
1571	vertical_index_chr = ''
1572
1573	i = 1
1574	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1575	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
1576	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1577
1578	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
1579	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1580
1581	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
1582	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1583
1584	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
1585	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1586
1587	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
1588	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
1589	TRIM( coor_chr )
1590	ENDDO
1591
1592	!
1593	!-- Write land surface model header
1594	WRITE( io, 1 )
1595	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1596	WRITE( io, 2 )
1597	ELSE
1598	WRITE( io, 3 )
1599	ENDIF
1600
1601	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
1602	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
1603	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
1604	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
1605	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
1606
1607	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
1608	' ------------------------------'/)
1609	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
1610	', default)')
1611	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
1612	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
1613	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
1614	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
1615	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
1616	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
1617	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
1618	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
1619	' Grid point: ',A)
1620
1621	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
1622
1623
1624	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1625	! Description:
1626	! ------------
1627	!> Initialization of the land surface model
1628	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1629	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1630
1631
1632	IMPLICIT NONE
1633
1634	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1635	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1636	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1637
1638	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
1639
1640
1641	!
1642	!-- Calculate Exner function
1643	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1644
1645
1646	!
1647	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
1648	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
1649	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
1650	ENDIF
1651
1652	!
1653	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
1654	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
1655	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
1656	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
1657	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
1658
1659	!
1660	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
1661	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
1662	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1663	tm_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1664	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
1665	c_liq = 0.0_wp
1666
1667	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1668	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
1669
1670	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1671	qsws_eb = rho_lv * qsws
1672	ELSE
1673	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1674	ENDIF
1675
1676	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1677	qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1678	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1679
1680	r_a = 50.0_wp
1681	r_s = 50.0_wp
1682	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1683	r_soil = 0.0_wp
1684
1685	!
1686	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
1687	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1688	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1689	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1690
1691	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1692	!
1693	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1694	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1695	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1696	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1697
1698	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1699	ENDIF
1700
1701	!
1702	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
1703	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
1704	!-- at the centers
1705	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
1706
1707	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
1708	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
1709	ENDDO
1710	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1711
1712	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
1713	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
1714	ENDDO
1715	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1716
1717	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
1718	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
1719
1720	!
1721	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
1722	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
1723	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
1724	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
1725
1726	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1727	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1728	ENDIF
1729
1730	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1731	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1732	ENDIF
1733
1734	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1735	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1736	ENDIF
1737
1738	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1739	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1740	ENDIF
1741
1742	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1743	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1744	ENDIF
1745
1746	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1747	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1748	ENDIF
1749
1750	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1751	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1752	ENDIF
1753
1754	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1755	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1756	ENDIF
1757
1758	ENDIF
1759
1760	!
1761	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
1762	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
1763	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
1764	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
1765	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
1766	m_sat = saturation_moisture
1767	m_fc = field_capacity
1768	m_wilt = wilting_point
1769	m_res = residual_moisture
1770	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
1771
1772	!
1773	!-- Initial run actions
1774	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1775
1776	t_soil = 0.0_wp
1777	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1778	m_soil = 0.0_wp
1779
1780	!
1781	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
1782	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
1783	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
1784	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1785	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
1786	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
1787	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
1788	ENDDO
1789	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
1790
1791	!
1792	!-- Calculate surface temperature
1793	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
1794
1795	!
1796	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
1797	!-- for the first time step
1798	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1799	DO j = nysg, nyng
1800	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1801
1802	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1803	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1804	ELSE
1805	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1806	ENDIF
1807
1808	!
1809	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
1810	IF ( pt1 == pt(k,j,i) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
1811
1812	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
1813	ts(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
1814	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
1815	ENDDO
1816	ENDDO
1817
1818	!
1819	!-- Actions for restart runs
1820	ELSE
1821
1822	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1823	DO j = nysg, nyng
1824	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1825	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
1826	ENDDO
1827	ENDDO
1828
1829	ENDIF
1830
1831	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1832	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
1833	ENDDO
1834
1835	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
1836	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1837	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
1838	ENDIF
1839	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1840	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
1841	ENDIF
1842	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1843	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
1844	ENDIF
1845	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1846	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
1847	ENDIF
1848	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1849	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
1850	ENDIF
1851	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1852	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
1853	ENDIF
1854	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1855	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
1856	ENDIF
1857	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1858	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1859	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1860	ENDIF
1861	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1862	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
1863	ENDIF
1864	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1865	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
1866	ENDIF
1867	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
1868
1869	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
1870	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1871	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1872	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1873	ENDDO
1874	ENDIF
1875
1876	ELSE
1877
1878	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1879	z0_eb = roughness_length
1880	ENDIF
1881	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1882	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1883	ENDIF
1884	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1885	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1886	ENDIF
1887
1888	ENDIF
1889
1890	!
1891	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
1892	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
1893	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
1894	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1895	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
1896	ELSE
1897	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
1898	ENDIF
1899	ENDIF
1900
1901	!
1902	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
1903	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
1904	veg_type_2d = veg_type
1905	soil_type_2d = soil_type
1906
1907	!
1908	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
1909	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
1910	lai = leaf_area_index
1911	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
1912	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
1913	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
1914	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
1915	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
1916	z0 = z0_eb
1917	z0h = z0h_eb
1918	z0q = z0q_eb
1919
1920	!
1921	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
1922	CALL user_init_land_surface
1923
1924	!
1925	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
1926	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
1927	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1928	DO j = nysg, nyng
1929	IF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 14 .OR. veg_type_2d(j,i) == 15 ) THEN
1930	water_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1931	t_soil(:,j,i) = t_surface(j,i)
1932	ELSEIF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 20 ) THEN
1933	pave_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1934	m_soil(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1935	ENDIF
1936
1937	ENDDO
1938	ENDDO
1939
1940	!
1941	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1942	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1943
1944	t_soil_p = t_soil
1945	m_soil_p = m_soil
1946	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
1947	t_surface_p = t_surface
1948
1949
1950
1951	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
1952	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
1953	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1954	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1955	statistic_regions+1 )
1956	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1957	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1958	statistic_regions+1 )
1959
1960	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1961
1962
1963	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1964	! Description:
1965	! ------------
1966	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
1967	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1968	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
1969
1970
1971	IMPLICIT NONE
1972
1973	!
1974	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
1975	#if defined( __nopointer )
1976	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1977	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1978	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1979	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1980	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1981	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1982	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1983	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1984	#else
1985	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1986	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1987	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1988	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1989	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1990	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1991	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1992	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1993	#endif
1994
1995	!
1996	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
1997	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1998	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1999	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2000	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2001
2002	!
2003	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
2004	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2005	ALLOCATE ( building_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2006	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2007	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2008	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2009	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2010	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2011	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2012	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2013	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2014	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2015	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2016	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2017	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2018	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2019	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2020	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2021	ALLOCATE ( pave_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2022	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2023	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2024	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2025	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2026	ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2027	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2028	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2029	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2030	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2031	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2032	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2033	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2034	ALLOCATE ( soil_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2035	ALLOCATE ( veg_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2036	ALLOCATE ( water_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2037
2038	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
2039	!
2040	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
2041	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2042	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2043	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2044	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2045	#endif
2046
2047
2048	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2049
2050
2051	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2052	! Description:
2053	! ------------
2054	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
2055	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2056	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2057
2058
2059	IMPLICIT NONE
2060
2061	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
2062
2063	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
2064	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
2065	conserve_water_content, &
2066	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
2067	hydraulic_conductivity, &
2068	lambda_surface_stable, &
2069	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
2070	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
2071	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
2072	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
2073	pave_heat_conductivity, &
2074	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
2075	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
2076	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
2077	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
2078	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
2079
2080	line = ' '
2081
2082	!
2083	!-- Try to find land surface model package
2084	REWIND ( 11 )
2085	line = ' '
2086	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
2087	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
2088	ENDDO
2089	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
2090
2091	!
2092	!-- Read user-defined namelist
2093	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
2094
2095	!
2096	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
2097	land_surface = .TRUE.
2098
2099	10 CONTINUE
2100
2101
2102	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2103
2104
2105	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2106	! Description:
2107	! ------------
2108	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
2109	!> temperature and water content.
2110	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2111	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2112
2113
2114	IMPLICIT NONE
2115
2116	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2117	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2118	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2119
2120	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
2121
2122	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
2123	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
2124	tend !< tendency
2125
2126	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2127	DO j = nysg, nyng
2128
2129	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2130	rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2131	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
2132	ENDIF
2133
2134	IF ( .NOT. water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2135	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2136
2137
2138	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
2139
2140	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2141	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
2142
2143	ELSE
2144	!
2145	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
2146	!-- into account water content
2147	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
2148	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
2149
2150	!
2151	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
2152	!-- layers
2153	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) * &
2154	lambda_h_water ** m_soil(k,j,i)
2155
2156	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) &
2157	/ m_sat(j,i)))
2158
2159	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
2160	lambda_h_dry
2161	ENDIF
2162
2163	ENDDO
2164
2165	!
2166	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
2167	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
2168	!-- true pavement depth is considered
2169	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2170	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
2171	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
2172	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1) &
2173	* lambda_temp(k) &
2174	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
2175	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
2176	ELSE
2177	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2178	* 0.5_wp
2179	ENDIF
2180	ENDDO
2181	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186	!
2187	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
2188	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2189
2190	tend(nzb_soil) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
2191	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
2192	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
2193	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2194
2195	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2196	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
2197	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
2198	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
2199	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
2200	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
2201	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
2202	* ddz_soil(k) &
2203	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2204
2205	ENDDO
2206
2207	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2208	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
2209	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
2210	+ tsc(3) &
2211	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2212
2213	!
2214	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2215	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2216	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2217	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2218	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2219	ENDDO
2220	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2221	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2222	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2223	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2224	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
2225	ENDDO
2226	ENDIF
2227	ENDIF
2228
2229
2230	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2231
2232	!
2233	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
2234	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
2235	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), &
2236	m_wilt(j,i) ) / m_sat(j,i) )**( &
2237	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
2238
2239	!
2240	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
2241	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
2242	!
2243	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
2244	!-- (1980)
2245	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
2246	MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), m_wilt(j,i) ) ) )**( &
2247	n_vg(j,i) / (n_vg(j,i) - 1.0_wp ) ) - 1.0_wp &
2248	)**( 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) / alpha_vg(j,i)
2249
2250
2251	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
2252	( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )n_vg(j,i))( &
2253	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) - ( &
2254	alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )**( n_vg(j,i) &
2255	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
2256	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg &
2257	)n_vg(j,i) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
2258	/ n_vg(j,i) ) *( l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp) ) )
2259
2260	!
2261	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
2262	ELSE
2263	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( m_soil(k,j,i) &
2264	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
2265	ENDIF
2266
2267	ENDDO
2268
2269	!
2270	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
2271	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
2272	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
2273	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2274	!
2275	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
2276	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
2277	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
2278	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2279
2280	lambda_w(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2281	* 0.5_wp
2282	gamma_w(k,j,i) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + gamma_temp(k) ) &
2283	* 0.5_wp
2284
2285	ENDDO
2286
2287	!
2288	!
2289	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
2290	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
2291	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
2292	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
2293	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2294	ELSE
2295	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
2296	ENDIF
2297
2298	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
2299	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
2300	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
2301	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
2302	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
2303	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
2304	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
2305	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
2306
2307	!
2308	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
2309	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
2310	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
2311	!-- additional check.
2312	m_total = 0.0_wp
2313	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2314	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2315	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
2316	ENDIF
2317	ENDDO
2318
2319	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2320	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2321	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2322	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) &
2323	/ m_total
2324	ELSE
2325	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
2326	ENDIF
2327	ENDDO
2328	ENDIF
2329
2330	!
2331	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil.
2332	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2333
2334	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
2335	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
2336	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
2337	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
2338	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
2339	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2340
2341	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
2342	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
2343	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2344	- gamma_w(k,j,i) &
2345	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
2346	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k) &
2347	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
2348	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
2349	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2350
2351	ENDDO
2352	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2353	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
2354	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2355	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
2356	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
2357	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
2358	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
2359	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
2360	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
2361
2362	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2363	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
2364	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2365
2366	!
2367	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
2368	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2369	IF ( m_soil_p(k,j,i) < 0.0_wp ) m_soil_p(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2370	ENDDO
2371
2372	!
2373	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2374	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2375	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2376	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2377	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2378	ENDDO
2379	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2380	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2381	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2382	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp&
2383	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
2384	ENDDO
2385	ENDIF
2386	ENDIF
2387
2388	ENDIF
2389
2390	ENDIF
2391
2392	ENDDO
2393	ENDDO
2394
2395	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2396
2397
2398	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2399	! Description:
2400	! ------------
2401	!> Swapping of timelevels
2402	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2403	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
2404
2405	IMPLICIT NONE
2406
2407	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
2408
2409	#if defined( __nopointer )
2410
2411	t_surface = t_surface_p
2412	t_soil = t_soil_p
2413	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2414	m_soil = m_soil_p
2415	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
2416	ENDIF
2417
2418	#else
2419
2420	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
2421
2422	CASE ( 0 )
2423
2424	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2425	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2426	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2427	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2428	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2429	ENDIF
2430
2431
2432	CASE ( 1 )
2433
2434	t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1
2435	t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1
2436	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2437	m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1
2438	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1
2439	ENDIF
2440
2441	END SELECT
2442	#endif
2443
2444	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2450	!
2451	! Description:
2452	! ------------
2453	!> Soubroutine for averaging 3D data
2454	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2455	SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
2456
2457
2458	USE control_parameters
2459
2460	USE indices
2461
2462	USE kinds
2463
2464	IMPLICIT NONE
2465
2466	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2467	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2468
2469	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2470	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2471	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2472
2473	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
2474
2475	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2476
2477	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2478	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
2479	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2480	ENDIF
2481	c_liq_av = 0.0_wp
2482
2483	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2484	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
2485	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2486	ENDIF
2487	c_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2488
2489	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2490	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
2491	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2492	ENDIF
2493	c_veg_av = 0.0_wp
2494
2495	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2496	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2497	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2498	ENDIF
2499	ghf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2500
2501	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2502	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
2503	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2504	ENDIF
2505	lai_av = 0.0_wp
2506
2507	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2508	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2509	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2510	ENDIF
2511	m_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2512
2513	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2514	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
2515	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2516	ENDIF
2517	m_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2518
2519	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2520	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
2521	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2522	ENDIF
2523	qsws_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2524
2525	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2526	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2527	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2528	ENDIF
2529	qsws_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2530
2531	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2532	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
2533	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2534	ENDIF
2535	qsws_soil_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2536
2537	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2538	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
2539	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2540	ENDIF
2541	qsws_veg_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2542
2543	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2544	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN
2545	ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2546	ENDIF
2547	r_a_av = 0.0_wp
2548
2549	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2550	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN
2551	ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2552	ENDIF
2553	r_s_av = 0.0_wp
2554
2555	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2556	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2557	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2558	ENDIF
2559	shf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2560
2561	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2562	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
2563	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2564	ENDIF
2565	t_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2566
2567	CASE DEFAULT
2568	CONTINUE
2569
2570	END SELECT
2571
2572	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
2573
2574	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2575
2576	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2577	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2578	DO j = nysg, nyng
2579	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + c_liq(j,i)
2580	ENDDO
2581	ENDDO
2582
2583	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2584	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2585	DO j = nysg, nyng
2586	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - c_veg(j,i))
2587	ENDDO
2588	ENDDO
2589
2590	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2591	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2592	DO j = nysg, nyng
2593	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + c_veg(j,i)
2594	ENDDO
2595	ENDDO
2596
2597	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2598	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2599	DO j = nysg, nyng
2600	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) + ghf_eb(j,i)
2601	ENDDO
2602	ENDDO
2603
2604	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2605	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2606	DO j = nysg, nyng
2607	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + lai(j,i)
2608	ENDDO
2609	ENDDO
2610
2611	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2612	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2613	DO j = nysg, nyng
2614	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) + m_liq_eb(j,i)
2615	ENDDO
2616	ENDDO
2617
2618	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2619	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2620	DO j = nysg, nyng
2621	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2622	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil(k,j,i)
2623	ENDDO
2624	ENDDO
2625	ENDDO
2626
2627	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2628	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2629	DO j = nysg, nyng
2630	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_eb(j,i)
2631	ENDDO
2632	ENDDO
2633
2634	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2635	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2636	DO j = nysg, nyng
2637	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
2638	ENDDO
2639	ENDDO
2640
2641	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2642	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2643	DO j = nysg, nyng
2644	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
2645	ENDDO
2646	ENDDO
2647
2648	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2649	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2650	DO j = nysg, nyng
2651	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
2652	ENDDO
2653	ENDDO
2654
2655	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2656	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2657	DO j = nysg, nyng
2658	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + r_a(j,i)
2659	ENDDO
2660	ENDDO
2661
2662	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2663	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2664	DO j = nysg, nyng
2665	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + r_s(j,i)
2666	ENDDO
2667	ENDDO
2668
2669	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2670	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2671	DO j = nysg, nyng
2672	shf_eb_av(j,i) = shf_eb_av(j,i) + shf_eb(j,i)
2673	ENDDO
2674	ENDDO
2675
2676	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2677	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2678	DO j = nysg, nyng
2679	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2680	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil(k,j,i)
2681	ENDDO
2682	ENDDO
2683	ENDDO
2684
2685	CASE DEFAULT
2686	CONTINUE
2687
2688	END SELECT
2689
2690	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
2691
2692	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2693
2694	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2695	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2696	DO j = nysg, nyng
2697	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2698	ENDDO
2699	ENDDO
2700
2701	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2702	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2703	DO j = nysg, nyng
2704	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2705	ENDDO
2706	ENDDO
2707
2708	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2709	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2710	DO j = nysg, nyng
2711	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2712	ENDDO
2713	ENDDO
2714
2715	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2716	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2717	DO j = nysg, nyng
2718	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2719	ENDDO
2720	ENDDO
2721
2722	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2723	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2724	DO j = nysg, nyng
2725	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2726	ENDDO
2727	ENDDO
2728
2729	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2730	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2731	DO j = nysg, nyng
2732	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2733	ENDDO
2734	ENDDO
2735
2736	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2737	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2738	DO j = nysg, nyng
2739	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2740	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2741	ENDDO
2742	ENDDO
2743	ENDDO
2744
2745	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2746	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2747	DO j = nysg, nyng
2748	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2749	ENDDO
2750	ENDDO
2751
2752	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2753	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2754	DO j = nysg, nyng
2755	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2756	ENDDO
2757	ENDDO
2758
2759	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2760	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2761	DO j = nysg, nyng
2762	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2763	ENDDO
2764	ENDDO
2765
2766	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2767	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2768	DO j = nysg, nyng
2769	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2770	ENDDO
2771	ENDDO
2772
2773	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2774	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2775	DO j = nysg, nyng
2776	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2777	ENDDO
2778	ENDDO
2779
2780	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2781	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2782	DO j = nysg, nyng
2783	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2784	ENDDO
2785	ENDDO
2786
2787	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2788	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2789	DO j = nysg, nyng
2790	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2791	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2792	ENDDO
2793	ENDDO
2794	ENDDO
2795
2796	END SELECT
2797
2798	ENDIF
2799
2800	END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging
2801
2802
2803	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2804	!
2805	! Description:
2806	! ------------
2807	!> Soubroutine defines appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
2808	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
2809	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2810	SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
2811
2812	IMPLICIT NONE
2813
2814	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
2815	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
2816	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
2817	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
2818	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
2819
2820
2821
2822	!
2823	!-- Check for the grid
2824	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
2825
2826	CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil' )
2827	found = .TRUE.
2828	grid_x = 'x'
2829	grid_y = 'y'
2830	grid_z = 'zs'
2831
2832	CASE DEFAULT
2833	found = .FALSE.
2834	grid_x = 'none'
2835	grid_y = 'none'
2836	grid_z = 'none'
2837	END SELECT
2838
2839	END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
2840
2841	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2842	!
2843	! Description:
2844	! ------------
2845	!> Soubroutine defines 3D output variables
2846	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2847	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, &
2848	two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do )
2849
2850
2851	USE indices
2852
2853	USE kinds
2854
2855	USE user
2856
2857	IMPLICIT NONE
2858
2859	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !<
2860	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2861	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2862
2863	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
2864	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2865	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2866	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2867	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !<
2868	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !<
2869
2870	LOGICAL :: found !<
2871	LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections)
2872
2873	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !<
2874
2875	found = .TRUE.
2876
2877	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2878
2879
2880	CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2881	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2882	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2883	DO j = nysg, nyng
2884	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq(j,i) * c_veg(j,i)
2885	ENDDO
2886	ENDDO
2887	ELSE
2888	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2889	DO j = nysg, nyng
2890	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i)
2891	ENDDO
2892	ENDDO
2893	ENDIF
2894
2895	two_d = .TRUE.
2896	grid = 'zu1'
2897
2898	CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2899	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2900	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2901	DO j = nysg, nyng
2902	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)
2903	ENDDO
2904	ENDDO
2905	ELSE
2906	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2907	DO j = nysg, nyng
2908	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i)
2909	ENDDO
2910	ENDDO
2911	ENDIF
2912
2913	two_d = .TRUE.
2914	grid = 'zu1'
2915
2916	CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2917	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2918	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2919	DO j = nysg, nyng
2920	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg(j,i)
2921	ENDDO
2922	ENDDO
2923	ELSE
2924	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2925	DO j = nysg, nyng
2926	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i)
2927	ENDDO
2928	ENDDO
2929	ENDIF
2930
2931	two_d = .TRUE.
2932	grid = 'zu1'
2933
2934	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2935	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2936	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2937	DO j = nysg, nyng
2938	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb(j,i)
2939	ENDDO
2940	ENDDO
2941	ELSE
2942	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2943	DO j = nysg, nyng
2944	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb_av(j,i)
2945	ENDDO
2946	ENDDO
2947	ENDIF
2948
2949	two_d = .TRUE.
2950	grid = 'zu1'
2951
2952	CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2953	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2954	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2955	DO j = nysg, nyng
2956	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai(j,i)
2957	ENDDO
2958	ENDDO
2959	ELSE
2960	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2961	DO j = nysg, nyng
2962	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i)
2963	ENDDO
2964	ENDDO
2965	ENDIF
2966
2967	two_d = .TRUE.
2968	grid = 'zu1'
2969
2970	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2971	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2972	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2973	DO j = nysg, nyng
2974	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb(j,i)
2975	ENDDO
2976	ENDDO
2977	ELSE
2978	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2979	DO j = nysg, nyng
2980	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i)
2981	ENDDO
2982	ENDDO
2983	ENDIF
2984
2985	two_d = .TRUE.
2986	grid = 'zu1'
2987
2988	CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' )
2989	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2990	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2991	DO j = nysg, nyng
2992	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2993	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
2994	ENDDO
2995	ENDDO
2996	ENDDO
2997	ELSE
2998	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2999	DO j = nysg, nyng
3000	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3001	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3002	ENDDO
3003	ENDDO
3004	ENDDO
3005	ENDIF
3006
3007	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3008	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3009
3010	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3011
3012	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3013	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3014	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3015	DO j = nysg, nyng
3016	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb(j,i)
3017	ENDDO
3018	ENDDO
3019	ELSE
3020	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3021	DO j = nysg, nyng
3022	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb_av(j,i)
3023	ENDDO
3024	ENDDO
3025	ENDIF
3026
3027	two_d = .TRUE.
3028	grid = 'zu1'
3029
3030	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3031	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3032	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3033	DO j = nysg, nyng
3034	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
3035	ENDDO
3036	ENDDO
3037	ELSE
3038	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3039	DO j = nysg, nyng
3040	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3041	ENDDO
3042	ENDDO
3043	ENDIF
3044
3045	two_d = .TRUE.
3046	grid = 'zu1'
3047
3048	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3049	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3050	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3051	DO j = nysg, nyng
3052	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
3053	ENDDO
3054	ENDDO
3055	ELSE
3056	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3057	DO j = nysg, nyng
3058	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i)
3059	ENDDO
3060	ENDDO
3061	ENDIF
3062
3063	two_d = .TRUE.
3064	grid = 'zu1'
3065
3066	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3067	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3068	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3069	DO j = nysg, nyng
3070	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
3071	ENDDO
3072	ENDDO
3073	ELSE
3074	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3075	DO j = nysg, nyng
3076	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i)
3077	ENDDO
3078	ENDDO
3079	ENDIF
3080
3081	two_d = .TRUE.
3082	grid = 'zu1'
3083
3084
3085	CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3086	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3087	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3088	DO j = nysg, nyng
3089	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a(j,i)
3090	ENDDO
3091	ENDDO
3092	ELSE
3093	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3094	DO j = nysg, nyng
3095	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i)
3096	ENDDO
3097	ENDDO
3098	ENDIF
3099
3100	two_d = .TRUE.
3101	grid = 'zu1'
3102
3103	CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3104	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3105	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3106	DO j = nysg, nyng
3107	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s(j,i)
3108	ENDDO
3109	ENDDO
3110	ELSE
3111	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3112	DO j = nysg, nyng
3113	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i)
3114	ENDDO
3115	ENDDO
3116	ENDIF
3117
3118	two_d = .TRUE.
3119	grid = 'zu1'
3120
3121	CASE ( 'shf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3122	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3123	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3124	DO j = nysg, nyng
3125	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb(j,i)
3126	ENDDO
3127	ENDDO
3128	ELSE
3129	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3130	DO j = nysg, nyng
3131	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb_av(j,i)
3132	ENDDO
3133	ENDDO
3134	ENDIF
3135
3136	two_d = .TRUE.
3137	grid = 'zu1'
3138
3139	CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' )
3140	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3141	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3142	DO j = nysg, nyng
3143	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3144	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3145	ENDDO
3146	ENDDO
3147	ENDDO
3148	ELSE
3149	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3150	DO j = nysg, nyng
3151	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3152	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3153	ENDDO
3154	ENDDO
3155	ENDDO
3156	ENDIF
3157
3158	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3159	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3160
3161	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3162
3163	CASE DEFAULT
3164	found = .FALSE.
3165	grid = 'none'
3166
3167	END SELECT
3168
3169	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d
3170
3171
3172	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3173	!
3174	! Description:
3175	! ------------
3176	!> Soubroutine defines 3D output variables
3177	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3178	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
3179
3180
3181	USE indices
3182
3183	USE kinds
3184
3185
3186	IMPLICIT NONE
3187
3188	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3189
3190	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3191	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3192	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3193	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3194
3195	LOGICAL :: found !<
3196
3197	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !<
3198
3199
3200	found = .TRUE.
3201
3202
3203	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3204
3205
3206	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3207
3208	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3209	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3210	DO j = nysg, nyng
3211	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3212	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
3213	ENDDO
3214	ENDDO
3215	ENDDO
3216	ELSE
3217	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3218	DO j = nysg, nyng
3219	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3220	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3221	ENDDO
3222	ENDDO
3223	ENDDO
3224	ENDIF
3225
3226	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3227
3228	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3229	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3230	DO j = nysg, nyng
3231	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3232	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3233	ENDDO
3234	ENDDO
3235	ENDDO
3236	ELSE
3237	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3238	DO j = nysg, nyng
3239	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3240	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3241	ENDDO
3242	ENDDO
3243	ENDDO
3244	ENDIF
3245
3246
3247	CASE DEFAULT
3248	found = .FALSE.
3249
3250	END SELECT
3251
3252
3253	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d
3254
3255
3256	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3257	!
3258	! Description:
3259	! ------------
3260	!> Write restart data for land surface model
3261	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3262	SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3263
3264
3265	USE control_parameters
3266
3267	USE kinds
3268
3269	IMPLICIT NONE
3270
3271	IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN
3272	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3273	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av
3274	ENDIF
3275	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3276	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av
3277	ENDIF
3278	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3279	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av
3280	ENDIF
3281	IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3282	WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_eb_av
3283	ENDIF
3284	IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3285	WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av
3286	ENDIF
3287	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb
3288	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3289	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_av
3290	ENDIF
3291	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil
3292	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3293	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av
3294	ENDIF
3295	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3296	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_eb_av
3297	ENDIF
3298	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3299	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_eb_av
3300	ENDIF
3301	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3302	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_eb_av
3303	ENDIF
3304	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3305	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_eb_av
3306	ENDIF
3307	IF ( ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3308	WRITE ( 14 ) 'shf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) shf_eb_av
3309	ENDIF
3310	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil
3311	IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3312	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av
3313	ENDIF
3314
3315	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end lsm * '
3316
3317	ENDIF
3318
3319	END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3320
3321
3322	SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, &
3323	nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, &
3324	offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, &
3325	tmp_2d )
3326
3327
3328	USE control_parameters
3329
3330	USE indices
3331
3332	USE kinds
3333
3334	USE pegrid
3335
3336	IMPLICIT NONE
3337
3338	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !<
3339
3340	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3341	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3342	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
3343	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
3344	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
3345	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
3346	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
3347	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
3348	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
3349	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
3350	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
3351	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
3352	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
3353	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
3354	INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !<
3355
3356	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !<
3357	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !<
3358	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !<
3359	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !<
3360	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !<
3361	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !<
3362
3363	REAL(wp), &
3364	DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3365	tmp_2d !<
3366
3367	REAL(wp), &
3368	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3369	tmp_3d !<
3370
3371	REAL(wp), &
3372	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3373	tmp_3d2 !<
3374
3375
3376	IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
3377	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3378
3379	DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '* end lsm *' )
3380
3381	DO k = 1, overlap_count
3382
3383	nxlf = nxlfa(i,k)
3384	nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3385	nxrf = nxrfa(i,k)
3386	nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3387	nysf = nysfa(i,k)
3388	nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3389	nynf = nynfa(i,k)
3390	nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3391
3392
3393	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) )
3394
3395	CASE ( 'c_liq_av' )
3396	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3397	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3398	ENDIF
3399	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3400	c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3401	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3402
3403	CASE ( 'c_soil_av' )
3404	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3405	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3406	ENDIF
3407	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3408	c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3409	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3410
3411	CASE ( 'c_veg_av' )
3412	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3413	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3414	ENDIF
3415	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3416	c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3417	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3418
3419	CASE ( 'ghf_eb_av' )
3420	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3421	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3422	ENDIF
3423	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3424	ghf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3425	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3426
3427	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb' )
3428	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3429	m_liq_eb(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3430	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3431
3432	CASE ( 'lai_av' )
3433	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3434	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3435	ENDIF
3436	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3437	lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3438	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3439
3440	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb_av' )
3441	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3442	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3443	ENDIF
3444	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3445	m_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3446	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3447
3448	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3449	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3450	m_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3451	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf-nbgp:nynf &
3452	+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3453
3454	CASE ( 'm_soil_av' )
3455	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3456	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3457	ENDIF
3458	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3459	m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3460	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf &
3461	-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3462
3463	CASE ( 'qsws_eb_av' )
3464	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3465	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3466	ENDIF
3467	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3468	qsws_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3469	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3470
3471	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb_av' )
3472	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3473	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3474	ENDIF
3475	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3476	qsws_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3477	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3478	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb_av' )
3479	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3480	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3481	ENDIF
3482	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3483	qsws_soil_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3484	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3485
3486	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb_av' )
3487	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3488	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3489	ENDIF
3490	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3491	qsws_veg_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3492	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3493
3494	CASE ( 'shf_eb_av' )
3495	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3496	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3497	ENDIF
3498	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3499	shf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3500	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3501
3502	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3503	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d
3504	t_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3505	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3506	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3507
3508	CASE ( 't_soil_av' )
3509	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3510	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3511	ENDIF
3512	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3513	t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3514	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3515	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3516
3517
3518	CASE DEFAULT
3519	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', &
3520	TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', &
3521	'&data from prior run on PE ', myid
3522	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0441', 1, 2, 0, 6, &
3523	0 )
3524
3525	END SELECT
3526
3527	ENDDO
3528
3529	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3530
3531	ENDDO
3532	ENDIF
3533
3534	END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data
3535
3536	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3537	! Description:
3538	! ------------
3539	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
3540	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
3541	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
3542	!> 2012)
3543	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3544	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3545
3546	USE control_parameters, &
3547	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
3548
3549	IMPLICIT NONE
3550
3551	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3552	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3553
3554	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
3555	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
3556	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
3557	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
3558
3559
3560	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3561	DO j = nysg, nyng
3562	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
3563
3564	!
3565	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
3566	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
3567	!-- length
3568	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
3569	!
3570	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
3571	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
3572	!
3573	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
3574	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
3575
3576	!
3577	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
3578	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
3579	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
3580	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
3581	! ENDIF
3582
3583	!
3584	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
3585	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
3586	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
3587	!-- Charnock relation is used.
3588	z0(j,i) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i) ) &
3589	+ ( alpha_ch * us(j,i)**2 / g )
3590
3591	z0h(j,i) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3592	z0q(j,i) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3593
3594	ENDIF
3595	ENDDO
3596	ENDDO
3597
3598	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3599
3600
3601	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3602	! Description:
3603	! ------------
3604	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
3605	!> that the skin is always saturated.
3606	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3607	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3608
3609	IMPLICIT NONE
3610
3611	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3612	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3613	INTEGER :: k !< running index
3614
3615	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
3616
3617	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3618	DO j = nysg, nyng
3619	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
3620
3621	!
3622	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
3623	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface_p(j,i) &
3624	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface_p(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
3625
3626	!
3627	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
3628	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
3629
3630	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
3631
3632	!
3633	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
3634	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
3635	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3636	* ( q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i) )
3637	ELSE
3638	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3639	* q(k+1,j,i)
3640	ENDIF
3641
3642	!
3643	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
3644	vpt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
3645
3646	ENDDO
3647	ENDDO
3648
3649	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3650
3651
3652	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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