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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model_mod.f90 @ 1972

Last change on this file since 1972 was 1972, checked in by maronga, 8 years ago
further modularization of land surface model (2D/3D output and restart data)
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1	!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90
2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
8	!
9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
12	!
13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
15	!
16	! Copyright 1997-2016 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
18	!
19	! Current revisions:
20	! -----------------
21	! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this
22	! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module.
23	!
24	!
25	! Former revisions:
26	! -----------------
27	! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga $
28	!
29	! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga
30	! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start
31	!
32	! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga
33	! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave
34	! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo
35	!
36	! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga
37	! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal
38	! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now
39	! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step
40	!
41	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
42	! prr moved to arrays_3d
43	!
44	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
45	! Cleanup after modularization
46	!
47	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
48	! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters,
49	! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines.
50	!
51	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
52	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
53	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
54	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
55	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
56	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
57	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
58	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
59	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
60	! Syntax layout improved.
61	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
62	!
63	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
64	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
65	!
66	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
67	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
68	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
69	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
70	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
71	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
72	!
73	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
74	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
75	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
76	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
77	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
78	! Added todo action
79	!
80	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
81	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
82	!
83	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
84	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
85	! Replaced rif with ol
86	!
87	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
88	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
89	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
90	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
91	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
92	!
93	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
94	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
95	!
96	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
97	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
98	!
99	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
100	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
101	!
102	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
103	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
104	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
105	!
106	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
107	! Added output of r_a and r_s
108	!
109	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
110	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
111	! profile
112	!
113	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
114	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
115	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
116	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
117	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
118	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
119	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
120	! calculation
121	!
122	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
123	!
124	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
125	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
126	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
127	! Added support for dry runs.
128	!
129	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
130	! Initial revision
131	!
132	!
133	! Description:
134	! ------------
135	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
136	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
137	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
138	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
139	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
140	!>
141	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
142	!> skin layer.
143	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
144	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
145	!> nzt_soil=3)).
146	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
147	!> with considerable precipitation.
148	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
149	!>
150	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
151	!> become too thin.
152	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
153	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
154
155	USE arrays_3d, &
156	ONLY: hyp, ol, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, qsws, shf, ts, us, vpt, z0, &
157	z0h, z0q
158
159	USE cloud_parameters, &
160	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
161
162	USE control_parameters, &
163	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
164	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
165	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, &
166	rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, &
167	timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
168
169	USE indices, &
170	ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner
171
172	USE kinds
173
174	USE pegrid
175
176	USE radiation_model_mod, &
177	ONLY: force_radiation_call, radiation_scheme, rad_net, rad_sw_in, &
178	rad_lw_out, rad_lw_out_change_0, sigma_sb, &
179	unscheduled_radiation_calls
180
181	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
182	USE radiation_model_mod, &
183	ONLY: rrtm_idrv
184	#endif
185
186	USE statistics, &
187	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
188
189	IMPLICIT NONE
190
191	!
192	!-- LSM model constants
193	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
194	nzt_soil = 3, & !< top of the soil model (to be switched)
195	nzs = 4 !< number of soil layers (fixed for now)
196
197	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
198	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
199	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
200	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
201	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
202	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
203	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
204	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
205	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
206
207
208	!
209	!-- LSM variables
210	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !< NAMELIST veg_type_2d
211	soil_type = 3 !< NAMELIST soil_type_2d
212
213	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: soil_type_2d, & !< soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-7: generic (see list)
214	veg_type_2d !< vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
215
216	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: water_surface, & !< flag parameter for water surfaces (classes 14+15)
217	pave_surface, & !< flag parameter for pavements (asphalt etc.) (class 20)
218	building_surface !< flag parameter indicating that the surface element is covered by buildings (no LSM actions, not implemented yet)
219
220	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
221	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag parameter for unscheduled radiation model calls
222	land_surface = .FALSE. !< flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
223
224	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
225	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
226	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
227	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
228	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
229	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
230	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
231	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
232	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
233	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
234	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
235	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
236	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
237	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
238	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
239	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
240	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
241	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
242	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
243	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
244	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
245	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
246	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
247	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
248	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
249	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
250	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
251	rho_lv, & !< rho * l_v
252	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
253	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
254	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
255	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
256	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
257	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
258	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
259	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
260
261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
262	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
263	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
264	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !< root extraction
265	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
266	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
267	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !< soil layer depths (m)
268	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !< soil moisture content (m3/m3)
269
270	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
271	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & !< soil temperature (K)
272	283.0_wp /), &
273	ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
274	dz_soil !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
275
276	#if defined( __nopointer )
277	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !< surface temperature (K)
278	t_surface_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K)
279	m_liq_eb, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
280	m_liq_eb_av, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
281	m_liq_eb_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
282	#else
283	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
284	t_surface_p, &
285	m_liq_eb, &
286	m_liq_eb_p
287
288	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
289	m_liq_eb_av, &
290	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
291	#endif
292
293	!
294	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
295	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !< surface temperature tendency (K)
296	tm_liq_eb_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
297
298	!
299	!-- Energy balance variables
300	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
301	alpha_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
302	c_liq, & !< liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
303	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
304	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
305	c_veg, & !< vegetation coverage
306	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
307	f_sw_in, & !< fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
308	ghf_eb, & !< ground heat flux
309	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
310	gamma_w_sat, & !< hydraulic conductivity at saturation
311	g_d, & !< coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
312	lai, & !< leaf area index
313	lai_av, & !< average of lai
314	lambda_surface_s, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
315	lambda_surface_u, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
316	l_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
317	m_fc, & !< soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
318	m_res, & !< residual soil moisture
319	m_sat, & !< saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
320	m_wilt, & !< soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
321	n_vg, & !< coef. Van Genuchten
322	qsws_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (total)
323	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
324	qsws_liq_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
325	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
326	qsws_soil_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
327	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
328	qsws_veg_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
329	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
330	rad_net_l, & !< local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface)
331	r_a, & !< aerodynamic resistance
332	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
333	r_canopy, & !< canopy resistance
334	r_soil, & !< soil resistance
335	r_soil_min, & !< minimum soil resistance
336	r_s, & !< total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
337	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
338	r_canopy_min, & !< minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
339	shf_eb, & !< surface flux of sensible heat
340	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
341
342
343	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
344	lambda_h, & !< heat conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
345	lambda_w, & !< hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
346	gamma_w, & !< hydraulic conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
347	rho_c_total !< volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
348
349	#if defined( __nopointer )
350	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
351	t_soil, & !< Soil temperature (K)
352	t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
353	t_soil_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K)
354	m_soil, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3)
355	m_soil_av, & !< Average of m_soil
356	m_soil_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
357	#else
358	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
359	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
360	m_soil, m_soil_p
361
362	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
363	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
364	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
365	#endif
366
367
368	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
369	tt_soil_m, & !< t_soil storage array
370	tm_soil_m, & !< m_soil storage array
371	root_fr !< root fraction (sum=1)
372
373
374	!
375	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
376	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
377	'user defined ', & ! 0
378	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
379	'short grass ', & ! 2
380	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
381	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
382	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
383	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
384	'tall grass ', & ! 7
385	'desert ', & ! 8
386	'tundra ', & ! 9
387	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
388	'semidesert ', & ! 11
389	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
390	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
391	'inland water ', & ! 14
392	'ocean ', & ! 15
393	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
394	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
395	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
396	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
397	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
398	/)
399
400	!
401	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
402	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
403	'user defined', & ! 0
404	'coarse ', & ! 1
405	'medium ', & ! 2
406	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
407	'fine ', & ! 4
408	'very fine ', & ! 5
409	'organic ', & ! 6
410	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
411	/)
412	!
413	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
414
415	!
416	!-- Land surface parameters I
417	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
418	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
419	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
420	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
421	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
422	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
423	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
424	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
425	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
426	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
427	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
428	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
429	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
430	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
431	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
432	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
433	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
434	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
435	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
436	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
437	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
438	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
439	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
440
441	!
442	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
443	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
444	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
445	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
446	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
447	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
448	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
449	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
450	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
451	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
452	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
453	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
454	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
455	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
456	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
457	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
458	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
459	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
460	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
461	2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18
462	1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, & ! 19
463	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
464	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
465
466	!
467	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
468	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
469	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
470	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
471	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
472	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
473	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
474	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
475	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
476	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
477	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
478	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
479	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
480	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
481	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
482	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
483	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
484	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
485	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
486	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
487	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
488	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
489	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
490
491	!
492	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
493	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
494	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
495	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
496	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
497	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
498	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
499	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
500	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
501	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
502	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
503	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
504	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
505	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
506	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
507	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
508	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
509	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
510	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
511	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
512	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 19
513	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
514	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
515
516	!
517	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
518
519	!
520	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
521	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
522	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
523	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
524	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
525	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
526	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
527	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
528	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
529	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
530
531	!
532	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
533	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
534	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
535	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
536	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
537	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
538	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
539	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
540	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
541	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
542
543
544	SAVE
545
546
547	PRIVATE
548
549
550	!
551	!-- Public functions
552	PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, &
553	lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,&
554	lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, &
555	lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, &
556	lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions
557	!
558	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
559	PUBLIC land_surface, skip_time_do_lsm
560
561	!
562	!-- Public grid variables
563	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
564
565	!
566	!-- Public 2D output variables
567	PUBLIC ghf_eb, qsws_eb, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_soil_eb,qsws_veg_eb, r_a, r_s, &
568	shf_eb
569
570	!
571	!-- Public prognostic variables
572	PUBLIC m_soil, t_soil
573
574
575	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
576	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output
577	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output
578
579	INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
580	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr
581	END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr
582
583	INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
584	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters
585	END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters
586
587	INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
588	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging
589	END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging
590
591	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
592	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d
593	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d
594
595	INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
596	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d
597	END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d
598
599	INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
600	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
601	END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
602
603	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
604	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
605	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
606
607	INTERFACE lsm_header
608	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header
609	END INTERFACE lsm_header
610
611	INTERFACE lsm_init
612	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init
613	END INTERFACE lsm_init
614
615	INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
616	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays
617	END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays
618
619	INTERFACE lsm_parin
620	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin
621	END INTERFACE lsm_parin
622
623	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
624	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
625	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
626
627	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
628	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
629	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
630
631	INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
632	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data
633	END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data
634
635
636	INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
637	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions
638	END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions
639
640	CONTAINS
641
642	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
643	! Description:
644	! ------------
645	!> Check data output for land surface model
646	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
647	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k )
648
649
650	USE control_parameters, &
651	ONLY: data_output, message_string
652
653	IMPLICIT NONE
654
655	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
656	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !<
657
658	INTEGER(iwp) :: i
659	INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen
660	INTEGER(iwp) :: k
661
662	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
663
664	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
665	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
666	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
667	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
668	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
669	ENDIF
670	unit = 'm3/m3'
671
672	CASE ( 't_soil' )
673	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
674	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
675	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
676	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
677	ENDIF
678	unit = 'K'
679
680	CASE ( 'lai', 'c_liq', 'c_soil', 'c_veg', 'ghf_eb', 'm_liq_eb',&
681	'qsws_eb', 'qsws_liq_eb', 'qsws_soil_eb', 'qsws_veg_eb', &
682	'r_a', 'r_s', 'shf_eb*' )
683	IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN
684	message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // &
685	TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // &
686	'cross sections are allowed for this value'
687	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
688	ENDIF
689	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
690	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
691	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
692	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
693	ENDIF
694	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
695	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
696	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
697	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
698	ENDIF
699	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
700	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
701	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
702	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
703	ENDIF
704	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
705	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
706	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
707	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
708	ENDIF
709	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
710	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
711	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
712	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
713	ENDIF
714	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
715	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
716	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
717	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
718	ENDIF
719	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
720	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
721	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
722	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
723	ENDIF
724	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
725	THEN
726	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
727	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
728	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
729	ENDIF
730	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
731	THEN
732	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
733	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
734	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
735	ENDIF
736	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
737	THEN
738	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
739	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
740	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
741	ENDIF
742	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
743	THEN
744	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
745	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
746	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
747	ENDIF
748	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) &
749	THEN
750	message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // &
751	'res land_surface = .TRUE.'
752	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
753	ENDIF
754
755	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none'
756	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none'
757	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none'
758	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none'
759	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
760	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm'
761	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
762	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
763	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
764	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2'
765	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m'
766	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m'
767	IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2'
768
769	CASE DEFAULT
770	unit = 'illegal'
771
772	END SELECT
773
774
775	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output
776
777	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit )
778
779	USE control_parameters, &
780	ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string
781
782	USE indices
783
784	USE profil_parameter
785
786	USE statistics
787
788	IMPLICIT NONE
789
790	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !<
791	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
792	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit
793
794	INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !<
795	INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !<
796
797	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
798
799	CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' )
800	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
801	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
802	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
803	'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
804	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
805	ELSE
806	dopr_index(var_count) = 89
807	dopr_unit = 'K'
808	hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
809	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
810	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90
811	hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
812	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
813	ENDIF
814	unit = dopr_unit
815	ENDIF
816
817	CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' )
818	IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN
819	message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // &
820	TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // &
821	' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.'
822	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
823	ELSE
824	dopr_index(var_count) = 91
825	dopr_unit = 'm3/m3'
826	hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
827	IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN
828	dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92
829	hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
830	data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:)
831	ENDIF
832	unit = dopr_unit
833	ENDIF
834
835
836	CASE DEFAULT
837	unit = 'illegal'
838
839	END SELECT
840
841
842	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr
843
844
845	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
846	! Description:
847	! ------------
848	!> Check parameters routine for land surface model
849	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
850	SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
851
852	USE control_parameters, &
853	ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, &
854	most_method, topography
855
856	USE radiation_model_mod, &
857	ONLY: radiation
858
859
860	IMPLICIT NONE
861
862
863	!
864	!-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are
865	!-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface
866	!-- model
867	IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN
868	message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// &
869	'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// &
870	'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"'
871	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
872	ENDIF
873
874	IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN
875	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
876	'constant_flux_layer = .T.'
877	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
878	ENDIF
879
880	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
881	message_string = 'lsm cannot be used ' // &
882	'in combination with topography /= "flat"'
883	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0415', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
884	ENDIF
885
886	IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. &
887	most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN
888	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', &
889	'allowed in combination with ', &
890	'most_method = ', most_method
891	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
892	ENDIF
893
894	IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN
895	IF ( SUM( root_fraction ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN
896	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
897	'requires setting of root_fraction(0:3)'// &
898	'/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1'
899	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
900	ENDIF
901
902	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
903	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// &
904	'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// &
905	'/= 9999999.9'
906	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
907	ENDIF
908
909	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
910	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
911	'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// &
912	'/= 9999999.9'
913	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
914	ENDIF
915
916	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
917	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
918	'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// &
919	'/= 9999999.9'
920	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
921	ENDIF
922
923	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN
924	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
925	'requires setting of'// &
926	'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9'
927	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
928	ENDIF
929
930	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
931	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
932	'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// &
933	'/= 9999999.9'
934	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
935	ENDIF
936
937	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
938	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
939	'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// &
940	'/= 9999999.9'
941	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
942	ENDIF
943
944	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
945	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
946	'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// &
947	'/= 9999999.9'
948	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
949	ENDIF
950
951	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
952	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
953	'requires setting of z0_eb'// &
954	'/= 9999999.9'
955	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
956	ENDIF
957
958	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
959	message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
960	'requires setting of z0h_eb'// &
961	'/= 9999999.9'
962	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
963	ENDIF
964
965
966	ENDIF
967
968	IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN
969
970	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
971	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
972	'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// &
973	'/= 9999999.9'
974	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
975	ENDIF
976
977	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
978	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
979	'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// &
980	'/= 9999999.9'
981	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
982	ENDIF
983
984	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
985	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
986	'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// &
987	'/= 9999999.9'
988	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
989	ENDIF
990
991	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
992	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
993	'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// &
994	'/= 9999999.9'
995	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
996	ENDIF
997
998	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
999	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1000	'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// &
1001	'/= 9999999.9'
1002	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1003	ENDIF
1004
1005	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1006	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1007	'requires setting of field_capacity'// &
1008	'/= 9999999.9'
1009	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1010	ENDIF
1011
1012	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1013	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1014	'requires setting of wilting_point'// &
1015	'/= 9999999.9'
1016	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1017	ENDIF
1018
1019	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1020	message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// &
1021	'requires setting of residual_moisture'// &
1022	'/= 9999999.9'
1023	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1024	ENDIF
1025
1026	ENDIF
1027
1028	IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN
1029	message_string = 'lsm requires '// &
1030	'radiation = .T.'
1031	CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1032	ENDIF
1033
1034
1035	END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters
1036
1037	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1038	! Description:
1039	! ------------
1040	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
1041	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1042	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1043
1044
1045	IMPLICIT NONE
1046
1047	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1048	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1049	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !< running index
1050
1051	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
1052	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
1053	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
1054	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
1055	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
1056	e, & !< water vapour pressure
1057	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
1058	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
1059	tend, & !< tendency
1060	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
1061	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1062	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
1063	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
1064	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
1065	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
1066	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
1067	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
1068	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
1069	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
1070	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
1071	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
1072
1073	!
1074	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
1075	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1076
1077	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1078	DO j = nysg, nyng
1079	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1080
1081	!
1082	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
1083	IF ( .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1084
1085	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
1086
1087	IF ( t_surface(j,i) >= t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)) THEN
1088	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
1089	ELSE
1090	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
1091	ENDIF
1092	ELSE
1093
1094	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
1095	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
1096
1097	ENDIF
1098
1099	!
1100	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
1101	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
1102	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
1103	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
1104	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1105	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1106	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i)
1107	ELSE
1108	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1109	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i)
1110	ENDIF
1111
1112	r_a(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp)
1113
1114	!
1115	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral
1116	!-- stratification
1117	IF ( ABS(r_a(j,i)) < 1.0_wp ) r_a(j,i) = 1.0_wp
1118
1119	!
1120	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
1121	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
1122
1123	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
1124	!-- night)
1125	IF ( radiation_scheme /= 'constant' ) THEN
1126	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) / &
1127	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) &
1128	+ 1.0_wp)) )
1129	ELSE
1130	f1 = 1.0_wp
1131	ENDIF
1132
1133
1134	!
1135	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
1136	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
1137	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
1138	m_total = 0.0_wp
1139	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1140	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
1141	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
1142	ENDDO
1143
1144	IF ( m_total > m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total < m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1145	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
1146	ELSEIF ( m_total >= m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
1147	f2 = 1.0_wp
1148	ELSE
1149	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
1150	ENDIF
1151
1152	!
1153	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
1154	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
1155	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
1156
1157	!
1158	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
1159	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1160	!
1161	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
1162	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
1163	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
1164	ELSE
1165	f3 = 1.0_wp
1166	ENDIF
1167
1168	!
1169	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
1170	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
1171	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
1172	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
1173	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
1174
1175	!
1176	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
1177	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
1178	IF ( soil_type_2d(j,i) /= 7 ) THEN
1179	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
1180	m_res(j,i)
1181	ELSE
1182	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
1183	ENDIF
1184
1185	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
1186	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
1187	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
1188
1189	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
1190
1191	!
1192	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
1193	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
1194	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
1195	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
1196	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
1197	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
1198	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1199	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
1200	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, (m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
1201	ELSE
1202	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( c_veg(j,i) * lai(j,i) &
1203	+ (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) )
1204	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max )
1205	ENDIF
1206
1207	!
1208	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
1209	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
1210
1211	!
1212	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
1213	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
1214	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
1215	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1216	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1217	ENDIF
1218
1219	!
1220	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
1221	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
1222	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
1223	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
1224	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1225	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1226	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / r_a(j,i)
1227	ELSEIF ( pave_surface (j,i) ) THEN
1228	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1229	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
1230	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1231	ELSE
1232	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
1233	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
1234	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
1235	r_soil(j,i))
1236	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
1237	ENDIF
1238	!
1239	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
1240	!-- transpirate.
1241	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
1242	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
1243	! ENDIF
1244
1245	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
1246	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
1247
1248	!
1249	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
1250	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
1251	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
1252	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
1253
1254	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
1255
1256	!
1257	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
1258	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
1259
1260	!
1261	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
1262	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1263	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
1264	!
1265	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1266	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1267	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1268	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
1269	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
1270	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1271
1272	!
1273	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1274	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
1275	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1276	#else
1277
1278	!
1279	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1280	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
1281	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 &
1282	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 &
1283	- q_s + dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) &
1284	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1285
1286	!
1287	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1288	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 + f_qsws &
1289	* dq_s_dt + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1290
1291	#endif
1292	ELSE
1293
1294	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
1295	!
1296	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1297	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1298	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1299	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
1300	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1301
1302	!
1303	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1304	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1305	#else
1306
1307	!
1308	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
1309	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
1310	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 + f_shf * pt1 &
1311	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
1312
1313	!
1314	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
1315	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 &
1316	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
1317	#endif
1318	ENDIF
1319
1320	tend = 0.0_wp
1321
1322	!
1323	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
1324	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
1325	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp * &
1326	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2 &
1327	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
1328
1329	!
1330	!-- Add RK3 term
1331	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1332
1333	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1334	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1335
1336	!
1337	!-- Calculate true tendency
1338	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
1339	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
1340	!
1341	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1342	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1343	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1344	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
1345	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1346	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1347	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1348	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
1349	ENDIF
1350	ENDIF
1351	ENDIF
1352
1353	!
1354	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
1355	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
1356	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
1357	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
1358	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
1359	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
1360	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
1361	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
1362	IF ( ABS( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
1363	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
1364	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
1365	ENDIF
1366
1367	pt(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
1368
1369	!
1370	!-- Calculate fluxes
1371	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
1372	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1373	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1374	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * t_surface_p(j,i)
1375
1376	IF ( rrtm_idrv == 1 ) THEN
1377	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i)
1378	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
1379	+ rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
1380	* ( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) )
1381	ENDIF
1382	#else
1383	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
1384	* t_surface(j,i)*4 - 4.0_wp sigma_sb &
1385	* t_surface(j,i)*3 t_surface_p(j,i)
1386	#endif
1387
1388	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
1389	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
1390
1391	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - pt(k,j,i) )
1392
1393	shf(j,i) = shf_eb(j,i) / rho_cp
1394
1395	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1396	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1397	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) )
1398
1399	qsws(j,i) = qsws_eb(j,i) / rho_lv
1400
1401	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
1402	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1403	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1404
1405	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
1406	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1407	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1408
1409	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
1410	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
1411	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
1412	ENDIF
1413
1414	!
1415	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
1416	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
1417	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
1418	ELSE
1419	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
1420	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
1421	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
1422	ENDIF
1423
1424	!
1425	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
1426	!-- evaporation of liquid water
1427	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1428	!
1429	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
1430	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
1431	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
1432	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
1433
1434	!
1435	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
1436	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
1437	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
1438	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
1439	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1440	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
1441	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1442	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1443	ELSE
1444	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1445	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1446	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1447	ENDIF
1448
1449	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
1450	!-- coverage.
1451	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) + (1.0_wp &
1452	- c_veg(j,i)) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
1453	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
1454	ENDIF
1455
1456	!
1457	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
1458	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1459
1460	!
1461	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
1462	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
1463	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
1464	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
1465	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
1466	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
1467	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
1468
1469	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1470	ENDIF
1471
1472	!
1473	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
1474	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
1475	!-- plant
1476	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1477	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
1478	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
1479	ENDIF
1480	ENDIF
1481
1482	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
1483
1484	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
1485	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
1486
1487	!
1488	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
1489	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1490	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
1491
1492	!
1493	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
1494	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
1495	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
1496
1497
1498	!
1499	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
1500	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
1501	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1502	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
1503	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
1504	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
1505	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
1506	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
1507	ENDIF
1508	ENDIF
1509
1510	ENDIF
1511
1512	ENDDO
1513	ENDDO
1514
1515	!
1516	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
1517	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
1518	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
1519	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
1520	#if defined( __parallel )
1521	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1522	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
1523	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
1524	#else
1525	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
1526	#endif
1527	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
1528	ENDIF
1529
1530	!
1531	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
1532	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1533	CALL calc_q_surface
1534	ENDIF
1535
1536	!
1537	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1538	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1539
1540
1541	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
1542
1543	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1544	! Description:
1545	! ------------
1546	!> Header output for land surface model
1547	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1548	SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io )
1549
1550
1551	IMPLICIT NONE
1552
1553	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile
1554	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile
1555	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index
1556	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture
1557	CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth
1558	CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string
1559
1560	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers
1561
1562	INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file
1563
1564	t_soil_chr = ''
1565	m_soil_chr = ''
1566	soil_depth_chr = ''
1567	roots_chr = ''
1568	vertical_index_chr = ''
1569
1570	i = 1
1571	DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1572	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i)
1573	t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1574
1575	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i)
1576	m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1577
1578	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i)
1579	soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1580
1581	WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i)
1582	roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr )
1583
1584	WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i
1585	vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // &
1586	TRIM( coor_chr )
1587	ENDDO
1588
1589	!
1590	!-- Write land surface model header
1591	WRITE( io, 1 )
1592	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
1593	WRITE( io, 2 )
1594	ELSE
1595	WRITE( io, 3 )
1596	ENDIF
1597
1598	WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), &
1599	TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) )
1600	WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), &
1601	TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), &
1602	TRIM( vertical_index_chr )
1603
1604	1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ &
1605	' ------------------------------'/)
1606	2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', &
1607	', default)')
1608	3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)')
1609	4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ &
1610	' --> Soil porosity type : ',A)
1611	5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// &
1612	' Height: ',A,' m'/ &
1613	' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ &
1614	' Moisture: ',A,' m3/m3'/ &
1615	' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ &
1616	' Grid point: ',A)
1617
1618	END SUBROUTINE lsm_header
1619
1620
1621	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1622	! Description:
1623	! ------------
1624	!> Initialization of the land surface model
1625	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1626	SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1627
1628
1629	IMPLICIT NONE
1630
1631	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
1632	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
1633	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
1634
1635	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
1636
1637
1638	!
1639	!-- Calculate Exner function
1640	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
1641
1642
1643	!
1644	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
1645	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
1646	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
1647	ENDIF
1648
1649	!
1650	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
1651	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
1652	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
1653	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
1654	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
1655
1656	!
1657	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
1658	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
1659	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1660	tm_soil_m = 0.0_wp
1661	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
1662	c_liq = 0.0_wp
1663
1664	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
1665	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
1666
1667	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1668	qsws_eb = rho_lv * qsws
1669	ELSE
1670	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
1671	ENDIF
1672
1673	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1674	qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
1675	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
1676
1677	r_a = 50.0_wp
1678	r_s = 50.0_wp
1679	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
1680	r_soil = 0.0_wp
1681
1682	!
1683	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
1684	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1685	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1686	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1687
1688	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
1689	!
1690	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
1691	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1692	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1693	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1694
1695	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
1696	ENDIF
1697
1698	!
1699	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
1700	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
1701	!-- at the centers
1702	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
1703
1704	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
1705	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
1706	ENDDO
1707	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1708
1709	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
1710	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
1711	ENDDO
1712	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
1713
1714	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
1715	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
1716
1717	!
1718	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
1719	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
1720	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
1721	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
1722
1723	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1724	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1725	ENDIF
1726
1727	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1728	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1729	ENDIF
1730
1731	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1732	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1733	ENDIF
1734
1735	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1736	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1737	ENDIF
1738
1739	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1740	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
1741	ENDIF
1742
1743	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1744	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
1745	ENDIF
1746
1747	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1748	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
1749	ENDIF
1750
1751	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1752	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
1753	ENDIF
1754
1755	ENDIF
1756
1757	!
1758	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
1759	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
1760	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
1761	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
1762	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
1763	m_sat = saturation_moisture
1764	m_fc = field_capacity
1765	m_wilt = wilting_point
1766	m_res = residual_moisture
1767	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
1768
1769	!
1770	!-- Initial run actions
1771	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1772
1773	t_soil = 0.0_wp
1774	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
1775	m_soil = 0.0_wp
1776
1777	!
1778	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
1779	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
1780	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
1781	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1782	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
1783	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
1784	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
1785	ENDDO
1786	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
1787
1788	!
1789	!-- Calculate surface temperature
1790	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
1791
1792	!
1793	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
1794	!-- for the first time step
1795	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1796	DO j = nysg, nyng
1797	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1798
1799	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1800	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
1801	ELSE
1802	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
1803	ENDIF
1804
1805	!
1806	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
1807	IF ( pt1 == pt(k,j,i) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
1808
1809	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
1810	ts(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
1811	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
1812	ENDDO
1813	ENDDO
1814
1815	!
1816	!-- Actions for restart runs
1817	ELSE
1818
1819	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1820	DO j = nysg, nyng
1821	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
1822	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
1823	ENDDO
1824	ENDDO
1825
1826	ENDIF
1827
1828	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1829	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
1830	ENDDO
1831
1832	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
1833	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1834	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
1835	ENDIF
1836	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1837	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
1838	ENDIF
1839	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1840	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
1841	ENDIF
1842	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1843	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
1844	ENDIF
1845	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1846	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
1847	ENDIF
1848	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1849	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
1850	ENDIF
1851	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1852	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
1853	ENDIF
1854	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1855	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1856	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
1857	ENDIF
1858	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1859	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
1860	ENDIF
1861	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1862	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
1863	ENDIF
1864	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
1865
1866	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
1867	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
1868	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1869	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
1870	ENDDO
1871	ENDIF
1872
1873	ELSE
1874
1875	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1876	z0_eb = roughness_length
1877	ENDIF
1878	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1879	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1880	ENDIF
1881	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1882	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
1883	ENDIF
1884
1885	ENDIF
1886
1887	!
1888	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
1889	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
1890	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
1891	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1892	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
1893	ELSE
1894	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
1895	ENDIF
1896	ENDIF
1897
1898	!
1899	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
1900	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
1901	veg_type_2d = veg_type
1902	soil_type_2d = soil_type
1903
1904	!
1905	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
1906	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
1907	lai = leaf_area_index
1908	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
1909	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
1910	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
1911	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
1912	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
1913	z0 = z0_eb
1914	z0h = z0h_eb
1915	z0q = z0q_eb
1916
1917	!
1918	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
1919	CALL user_init_land_surface
1920
1921	!
1922	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
1923	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
1924	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1925	DO j = nysg, nyng
1926	IF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 14 .OR. veg_type_2d(j,i) == 15 ) THEN
1927	water_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1928	t_soil(:,j,i) = t_surface(j,i)
1929	ELSEIF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 20 ) THEN
1930	pave_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
1931	m_soil(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1932	ENDIF
1933
1934	ENDDO
1935	ENDDO
1936
1937	!
1938	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
1939	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
1940
1941	t_soil_p = t_soil
1942	m_soil_p = m_soil
1943	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
1944	t_surface_p = t_surface
1945
1946
1947
1948	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
1949	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
1950	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1951	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1952	statistic_regions+1 )
1953	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
1954	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
1955	statistic_regions+1 )
1956
1957	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init
1958
1959
1960	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1961	! Description:
1962	! ------------
1963	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
1964	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
1965	SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
1966
1967
1968	IMPLICIT NONE
1969
1970	!
1971	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
1972	#if defined( __nopointer )
1973	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1974	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1975	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1976	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1977	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1978	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1979	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1980	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1981	#else
1982	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1983	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1984	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1985	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1986	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1987	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1988	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1989	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1990	#endif
1991
1992	!
1993	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
1994	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1995	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1996	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1997	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
1998
1999	!
2000	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
2001	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2002	ALLOCATE ( building_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2003	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2004	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2005	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2006	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2007	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2008	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2009	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2010	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2011	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2012	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2013	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2014	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2015	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2016	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2017	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2018	ALLOCATE ( pave_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2019	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2020	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2021	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2022	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2023	ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2024	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2025	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2026	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2027	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2028	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2029	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2030	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2031	ALLOCATE ( soil_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2032	ALLOCATE ( veg_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2033	ALLOCATE ( water_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2034
2035	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
2036	!
2037	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
2038	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2039	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2040	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2041	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2042	#endif
2043
2044
2045	END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays
2046
2047
2048	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2049	! Description:
2050	! ------------
2051	!> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model
2052	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2053	SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2054
2055
2056	IMPLICIT NONE
2057
2058	CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file
2059
2060	NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, &
2061	canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
2062	conserve_water_content, &
2063	f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, &
2064	hydraulic_conductivity, &
2065	lambda_surface_stable, &
2066	lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, &
2067	l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
2068	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, &
2069	pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, &
2070	pave_heat_conductivity, &
2071	residual_moisture, root_fraction, &
2072	saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
2073	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, &
2074	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,&
2075	zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb
2076
2077	line = ' '
2078
2079	!
2080	!-- Try to find land surface model package
2081	REWIND ( 11 )
2082	line = ' '
2083	DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 )
2084	READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line
2085	ENDDO
2086	BACKSPACE ( 11 )
2087
2088	!
2089	!-- Read user-defined namelist
2090	READ ( 11, lsm_par )
2091
2092	!
2093	!-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on
2094	land_surface = .TRUE.
2095
2096	10 CONTINUE
2097
2098
2099	END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin
2100
2101
2102	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2103	! Description:
2104	! ------------
2105	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
2106	!> temperature and water content.
2107	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2108	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2109
2110
2111	IMPLICIT NONE
2112
2113	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
2114	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
2115	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
2116
2117	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
2118
2119	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
2120	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
2121	tend !< tendency
2122
2123	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2124	DO j = nysg, nyng
2125
2126	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2127	rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2128	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
2129	ENDIF
2130
2131	IF ( .NOT. water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2132	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2133
2134
2135	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
2136
2137	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
2138	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
2139
2140	ELSE
2141	!
2142	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
2143	!-- into account water content
2144	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
2145	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
2146
2147	!
2148	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
2149	!-- layers
2150	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) * &
2151	lambda_h_water ** m_soil(k,j,i)
2152
2153	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) &
2154	/ m_sat(j,i)))
2155
2156	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
2157	lambda_h_dry
2158	ENDIF
2159
2160	ENDDO
2161
2162	!
2163	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
2164	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
2165	!-- true pavement depth is considered
2166	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2167	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
2168	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
2169	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1) &
2170	* lambda_temp(k) &
2171	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
2172	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
2173	ELSE
2174	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2175	* 0.5_wp
2176	ENDIF
2177	ENDDO
2178	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183	!
2184	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
2185	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2186
2187	tend(nzb_soil) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
2188	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
2189	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
2190	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2191
2192	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
2193	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
2194	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
2195	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
2196	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
2197	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
2198	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
2199	* ddz_soil(k) &
2200	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2201
2202	ENDDO
2203
2204	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2205	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
2206	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
2207	+ tsc(3) &
2208	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2209
2210	!
2211	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2212	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2213	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2214	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2215	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2216	ENDDO
2217	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2218	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2219	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2220	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
2221	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
2222	ENDDO
2223	ENDIF
2224	ENDIF
2225
2226
2227	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2228
2229	!
2230	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
2231	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
2232	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), &
2233	m_wilt(j,i) ) / m_sat(j,i) )**( &
2234	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
2235
2236	!
2237	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
2238	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
2239	!
2240	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
2241	!-- (1980)
2242	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
2243	MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), m_wilt(j,i) ) ) )**( &
2244	n_vg(j,i) / (n_vg(j,i) - 1.0_wp ) ) - 1.0_wp &
2245	)**( 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) / alpha_vg(j,i)
2246
2247
2248	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
2249	( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )n_vg(j,i))( &
2250	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) - ( &
2251	alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )**( n_vg(j,i) &
2252	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
2253	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg &
2254	)n_vg(j,i) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
2255	/ n_vg(j,i) ) *( l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp) ) )
2256
2257	!
2258	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
2259	ELSE
2260	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( m_soil(k,j,i) &
2261	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
2262	ENDIF
2263
2264	ENDDO
2265
2266	!
2267	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
2268	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
2269	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
2270	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
2271	!
2272	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
2273	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
2274	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
2275	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
2276
2277	lambda_w(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
2278	* 0.5_wp
2279	gamma_w(k,j,i) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + gamma_temp(k) ) &
2280	* 0.5_wp
2281
2282	ENDDO
2283
2284	!
2285	!
2286	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved),
2287	!-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be
2288	!-- lost in the bottom layer.
2289	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
2290	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2291	ELSE
2292	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
2293	ENDIF
2294
2295	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l
2296	!-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The
2297	!-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by
2298	!-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the
2299	!-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root
2300	!-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below
2301	!-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the
2302	!-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers.
2303
2304	!
2305	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of
2306	!-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a
2307	!-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an
2308	!-- additional check.
2309	m_total = 0.0_wp
2310	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2311	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2312	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
2313	ENDIF
2314	ENDDO
2315
2316	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
2317	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2318	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
2319	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) &
2320	/ m_total
2321	ELSE
2322	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
2323	ENDIF
2324	ENDDO
2325	ENDIF
2326
2327	!
2328	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil.
2329	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
2330
2331	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
2332	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
2333	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
2334	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
2335	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
2336	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
2337
2338	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
2339	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
2340	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
2341	- gamma_w(k,j,i) &
2342	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
2343	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k) &
2344	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
2345	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
2346	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
2347
2348	ENDDO
2349	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2350	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
2351	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
2352	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
2353	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
2354	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
2355	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
2356	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
2357	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
2358
2359	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
2360	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
2361	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
2362
2363	!
2364	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
2365	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2366	IF ( m_soil_p(k,j,i) < 0.0_wp ) m_soil_p(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp
2367	ENDDO
2368
2369	!
2370	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
2371	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
2372	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
2373	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2374	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
2375	ENDDO
2376	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
2377	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
2378	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2379	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp&
2380	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
2381	ENDDO
2382	ENDIF
2383	ENDIF
2384
2385	ENDIF
2386
2387	ENDIF
2388
2389	ENDDO
2390	ENDDO
2391
2392	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
2393
2394
2395	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2396	! Description:
2397	! ------------
2398	!> Swapping of timelevels
2399	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2400	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
2401
2402	IMPLICIT NONE
2403
2404	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
2405
2406	#if defined( __nopointer )
2407
2408	t_surface = t_surface_p
2409	t_soil = t_soil_p
2410	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2411	m_soil = m_soil_p
2412	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
2413	ENDIF
2414
2415	#else
2416
2417	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
2418
2419	CASE ( 0 )
2420
2421	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
2422	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
2423	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2424	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
2425	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
2426	ENDIF
2427
2428
2429	CASE ( 1 )
2430
2431	t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1
2432	t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1
2433	IF ( humidity ) THEN
2434	m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1
2435	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1
2436	ENDIF
2437
2438	END SELECT
2439	#endif
2440
2441	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2447	!
2448	! Description:
2449	! ------------
2450	!> Soubroutine for averaging 3D data
2451	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2452	SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable )
2453
2454
2455	USE control_parameters
2456
2457	USE indices
2458
2459	USE kinds
2460
2461	IMPLICIT NONE
2462
2463	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2464	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2465
2466	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2467	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2468	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2469
2470	IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN
2471
2472	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2473
2474	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2475	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
2476	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2477	ENDIF
2478	c_liq_av = 0.0_wp
2479
2480	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2481	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
2482	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2483	ENDIF
2484	c_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2485
2486	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2487	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
2488	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2489	ENDIF
2490	c_veg_av = 0.0_wp
2491
2492	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2493	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2494	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2495	ENDIF
2496	ghf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2497
2498	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2499	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
2500	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2501	ENDIF
2502	lai_av = 0.0_wp
2503
2504	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2505	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2506	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2507	ENDIF
2508	m_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2509
2510	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2511	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
2512	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2513	ENDIF
2514	m_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2515
2516	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2517	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
2518	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2519	ENDIF
2520	qsws_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2521
2522	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2523	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
2524	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2525	ENDIF
2526	qsws_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2527
2528	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2529	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
2530	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2531	ENDIF
2532	qsws_soil_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2533
2534	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2535	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
2536	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2537	ENDIF
2538	qsws_veg_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2539
2540	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2541	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN
2542	ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2543	ENDIF
2544	r_a_av = 0.0_wp
2545
2546	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2547	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN
2548	ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2549	ENDIF
2550	r_s_av = 0.0_wp
2551
2552	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2553	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
2554	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2555	ENDIF
2556	shf_eb_av = 0.0_wp
2557
2558	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2559	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
2560	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
2561	ENDIF
2562	t_soil_av = 0.0_wp
2563
2564	CASE DEFAULT
2565	CONTINUE
2566
2567	END SELECT
2568
2569	ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN
2570
2571	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2572
2573	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2574	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2575	DO j = nysg, nyng
2576	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + c_liq(j,i)
2577	ENDDO
2578	ENDDO
2579
2580	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2581	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2582	DO j = nysg, nyng
2583	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - c_veg(j,i))
2584	ENDDO
2585	ENDDO
2586
2587	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2588	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2589	DO j = nysg, nyng
2590	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + c_veg(j,i)
2591	ENDDO
2592	ENDDO
2593
2594	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2595	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2596	DO j = nysg, nyng
2597	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) + ghf_eb(j,i)
2598	ENDDO
2599	ENDDO
2600
2601	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2602	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2603	DO j = nysg, nyng
2604	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + lai(j,i)
2605	ENDDO
2606	ENDDO
2607
2608	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2609	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2610	DO j = nysg, nyng
2611	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) + m_liq_eb(j,i)
2612	ENDDO
2613	ENDDO
2614
2615	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2616	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2617	DO j = nysg, nyng
2618	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2619	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil(k,j,i)
2620	ENDDO
2621	ENDDO
2622	ENDDO
2623
2624	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2625	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2626	DO j = nysg, nyng
2627	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_eb(j,i)
2628	ENDDO
2629	ENDDO
2630
2631	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2632	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2633	DO j = nysg, nyng
2634	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
2635	ENDDO
2636	ENDDO
2637
2638	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2639	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2640	DO j = nysg, nyng
2641	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
2642	ENDDO
2643	ENDDO
2644
2645	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2646	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2647	DO j = nysg, nyng
2648	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
2649	ENDDO
2650	ENDDO
2651
2652	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2653	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2654	DO j = nysg, nyng
2655	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + r_a(j,i)
2656	ENDDO
2657	ENDDO
2658
2659	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2660	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2661	DO j = nysg, nyng
2662	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + r_s(j,i)
2663	ENDDO
2664	ENDDO
2665
2666	CASE ( 'shf_eb*' )
2667	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2668	DO j = nysg, nyng
2669	shf_eb_av(j,i) = shf_eb_av(j,i) + shf_eb(j,i)
2670	ENDDO
2671	ENDDO
2672
2673	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2674	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2675	DO j = nysg, nyng
2676	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2677	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil(k,j,i)
2678	ENDDO
2679	ENDDO
2680	ENDDO
2681
2682	CASE DEFAULT
2683	CONTINUE
2684
2685	END SELECT
2686
2687	ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN
2688
2689	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2690
2691	CASE ( 'c_liq*' )
2692	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2693	DO j = nysg, nyng
2694	c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2695	ENDDO
2696	ENDDO
2697
2698	CASE ( 'c_soil*' )
2699	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2700	DO j = nysg, nyng
2701	c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2702	ENDDO
2703	ENDDO
2704
2705	CASE ( 'c_veg*' )
2706	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2707	DO j = nysg, nyng
2708	c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2709	ENDDO
2710	ENDDO
2711
2712	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' )
2713	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2714	DO j = nysg, nyng
2715	ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2716	ENDDO
2717	ENDDO
2718
2719	CASE ( 'lai*' )
2720	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2721	DO j = nysg, nyng
2722	lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2723	ENDDO
2724	ENDDO
2725
2726	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' )
2727	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2728	DO j = nysg, nyng
2729	m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2730	ENDDO
2731	ENDDO
2732
2733	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
2734	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2735	DO j = nysg, nyng
2736	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2737	m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2738	ENDDO
2739	ENDDO
2740	ENDDO
2741
2742	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' )
2743	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2744	DO j = nysg, nyng
2745	qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2746	ENDDO
2747	ENDDO
2748
2749	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' )
2750	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2751	DO j = nysg, nyng
2752	qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2753	ENDDO
2754	ENDDO
2755
2756	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' )
2757	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2758	DO j = nysg, nyng
2759	qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2760	ENDDO
2761	ENDDO
2762
2763	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' )
2764	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2765	DO j = nysg, nyng
2766	qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2767	ENDDO
2768	ENDDO
2769
2770	CASE ( 'r_a*' )
2771	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2772	DO j = nysg, nyng
2773	r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2774	ENDDO
2775	ENDDO
2776
2777	CASE ( 'r_s*' )
2778	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2779	DO j = nysg, nyng
2780	r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2781	ENDDO
2782	ENDDO
2783
2784	CASE ( 't_soil' )
2785	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2786	DO j = nysg, nyng
2787	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2788	t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp )
2789	ENDDO
2790	ENDDO
2791	ENDDO
2792
2793	END SELECT
2794
2795	ENDIF
2796
2797	END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging
2798
2799
2800	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2801	!
2802	! Description:
2803	! ------------
2804	!> Soubroutine defines appropriate grid for netcdf variables.
2805	!> It is called out from subroutine netcdf.
2806	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2807	SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z )
2808
2809	IMPLICIT NONE
2810
2811	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !<
2812	LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !<
2813	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !<
2814	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !<
2815	CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !<
2816
2817
2818
2819	!
2820	!-- Check for the grid
2821	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) )
2822
2823	CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil' )
2824	found = .TRUE.
2825	grid_x = 'x'
2826	grid_y = 'y'
2827	grid_z = 'zs'
2828
2829	CASE DEFAULT
2830	found = .FALSE.
2831	grid_x = 'none'
2832	grid_y = 'none'
2833	grid_z = 'none'
2834	END SELECT
2835
2836	END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid
2837
2838	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2839	!
2840	! Description:
2841	! ------------
2842	!> Soubroutine defines 3D output variables
2843	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
2844	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, &
2845	two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do )
2846
2847
2848	USE indices
2849
2850	USE kinds
2851
2852	USE user
2853
2854	IMPLICIT NONE
2855
2856	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !<
2857	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !<
2858	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
2859
2860	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
2861	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
2862	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
2863	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
2864	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !<
2865	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !<
2866
2867	LOGICAL :: found !<
2868	LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections)
2869
2870	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !<
2871
2872	found = .TRUE.
2873
2874	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
2875
2876
2877	CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2878	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2879	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2880	DO j = nysg, nyng
2881	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq(j,i) * c_veg(j,i)
2882	ENDDO
2883	ENDDO
2884	ELSE
2885	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2886	DO j = nysg, nyng
2887	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i)
2888	ENDDO
2889	ENDDO
2890	ENDIF
2891
2892	two_d = .TRUE.
2893	grid = 'zu1'
2894
2895	CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2896	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2897	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2898	DO j = nysg, nyng
2899	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)
2900	ENDDO
2901	ENDDO
2902	ELSE
2903	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2904	DO j = nysg, nyng
2905	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i)
2906	ENDDO
2907	ENDDO
2908	ENDIF
2909
2910	two_d = .TRUE.
2911	grid = 'zu1'
2912
2913	CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2914	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2915	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2916	DO j = nysg, nyng
2917	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg(j,i)
2918	ENDDO
2919	ENDDO
2920	ELSE
2921	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2922	DO j = nysg, nyng
2923	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i)
2924	ENDDO
2925	ENDDO
2926	ENDIF
2927
2928	two_d = .TRUE.
2929	grid = 'zu1'
2930
2931	CASE ( 'ghf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2932	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2933	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2934	DO j = nysg, nyng
2935	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb(j,i)
2936	ENDDO
2937	ENDDO
2938	ELSE
2939	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2940	DO j = nysg, nyng
2941	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb_av(j,i)
2942	ENDDO
2943	ENDDO
2944	ENDIF
2945
2946	two_d = .TRUE.
2947	grid = 'zu1'
2948
2949	CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2950	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2951	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2952	DO j = nysg, nyng
2953	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai(j,i)
2954	ENDDO
2955	ENDDO
2956	ELSE
2957	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2958	DO j = nysg, nyng
2959	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i)
2960	ENDDO
2961	ENDDO
2962	ENDIF
2963
2964	two_d = .TRUE.
2965	grid = 'zu1'
2966
2967	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
2968	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2969	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2970	DO j = nysg, nyng
2971	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb(j,i)
2972	ENDDO
2973	ENDDO
2974	ELSE
2975	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2976	DO j = nysg, nyng
2977	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i)
2978	ENDDO
2979	ENDDO
2980	ENDIF
2981
2982	two_d = .TRUE.
2983	grid = 'zu1'
2984
2985	CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' )
2986	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
2987	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2988	DO j = nysg, nyng
2989	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2990	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
2991	ENDDO
2992	ENDDO
2993	ENDDO
2994	ELSE
2995	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
2996	DO j = nysg, nyng
2997	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
2998	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
2999	ENDDO
3000	ENDDO
3001	ENDDO
3002	ENDIF
3003
3004	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3005	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3006
3007	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3008
3009	CASE ( 'qsws_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3010	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3011	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3012	DO j = nysg, nyng
3013	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb(j,i)
3014	ENDDO
3015	ENDDO
3016	ELSE
3017	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3018	DO j = nysg, nyng
3019	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb_av(j,i)
3020	ENDDO
3021	ENDDO
3022	ENDIF
3023
3024	two_d = .TRUE.
3025	grid = 'zu1'
3026
3027	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3028	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3029	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3030	DO j = nysg, nyng
3031	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
3032	ENDDO
3033	ENDDO
3034	ELSE
3035	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3036	DO j = nysg, nyng
3037	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i)
3038	ENDDO
3039	ENDDO
3040	ENDIF
3041
3042	two_d = .TRUE.
3043	grid = 'zu1'
3044
3045	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3046	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3047	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3048	DO j = nysg, nyng
3049	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i)
3050	ENDDO
3051	ENDDO
3052	ELSE
3053	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3054	DO j = nysg, nyng
3055	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i)
3056	ENDDO
3057	ENDDO
3058	ENDIF
3059
3060	two_d = .TRUE.
3061	grid = 'zu1'
3062
3063	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3064	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3065	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3066	DO j = nysg, nyng
3067	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
3068	ENDDO
3069	ENDDO
3070	ELSE
3071	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3072	DO j = nysg, nyng
3073	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i)
3074	ENDDO
3075	ENDDO
3076	ENDIF
3077
3078	two_d = .TRUE.
3079	grid = 'zu1'
3080
3081
3082	CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3083	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3084	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3085	DO j = nysg, nyng
3086	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a(j,i)
3087	ENDDO
3088	ENDDO
3089	ELSE
3090	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3091	DO j = nysg, nyng
3092	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i)
3093	ENDDO
3094	ENDDO
3095	ENDIF
3096
3097	two_d = .TRUE.
3098	grid = 'zu1'
3099
3100	CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3101	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3102	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3103	DO j = nysg, nyng
3104	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s(j,i)
3105	ENDDO
3106	ENDDO
3107	ELSE
3108	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3109	DO j = nysg, nyng
3110	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i)
3111	ENDDO
3112	ENDDO
3113	ENDIF
3114
3115	two_d = .TRUE.
3116	grid = 'zu1'
3117
3118	CASE ( 'shf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array
3119	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3120	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3121	DO j = nysg, nyng
3122	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb(j,i)
3123	ENDDO
3124	ENDDO
3125	ELSE
3126	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3127	DO j = nysg, nyng
3128	local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb_av(j,i)
3129	ENDDO
3130	ENDDO
3131	ENDIF
3132
3133	two_d = .TRUE.
3134	grid = 'zu1'
3135
3136	CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' )
3137	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3138	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3139	DO j = nysg, nyng
3140	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3141	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3142	ENDDO
3143	ENDDO
3144	ENDDO
3145	ELSE
3146	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3147	DO j = nysg, nyng
3148	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3149	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3150	ENDDO
3151	ENDDO
3152	ENDDO
3153	ENDIF
3154
3155	nzb_do = nzb_soil
3156	nzt_do = nzt_soil
3157
3158	IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs'
3159
3160	CASE DEFAULT
3161	found = .FALSE.
3162	grid = 'none'
3163
3164	END SELECT
3165
3166	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d
3167
3168
3169	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3170	!
3171	! Description:
3172	! ------------
3173	!> Soubroutine defines 3D output variables
3174	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3175	SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf )
3176
3177
3178	USE indices
3179
3180	USE kinds
3181
3182
3183	IMPLICIT NONE
3184
3185	CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !<
3186
3187	INTEGER(iwp) :: av !<
3188	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3189	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
3190	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3191
3192	LOGICAL :: found !<
3193
3194	REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !<
3195
3196
3197	found = .TRUE.
3198
3199
3200	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) )
3201
3202
3203	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3204
3205	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3206	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3207	DO j = nysg, nyng
3208	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3209	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil(k,j,i)
3210	ENDDO
3211	ENDDO
3212	ENDDO
3213	ELSE
3214	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3215	DO j = nysg, nyng
3216	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3217	local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i)
3218	ENDDO
3219	ENDDO
3220	ENDDO
3221	ENDIF
3222
3223	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3224
3225	IF ( av == 0 ) THEN
3226	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3227	DO j = nysg, nyng
3228	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3229	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil(k,j,i)
3230	ENDDO
3231	ENDDO
3232	ENDDO
3233	ELSE
3234	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3235	DO j = nysg, nyng
3236	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
3237	local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i)
3238	ENDDO
3239	ENDDO
3240	ENDDO
3241	ENDIF
3242
3243
3244	CASE DEFAULT
3245	found = .FALSE.
3246
3247	END SELECT
3248
3249
3250	END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d
3251
3252
3253	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3254	!
3255	! Description:
3256	! ------------
3257	!> Write restart data for land surface model
3258	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3259	SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3260
3261
3262	USE control_parameters
3263
3264	USE kinds
3265
3266	IMPLICIT NONE
3267
3268	IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN
3269	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3270	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av
3271	ENDIF
3272	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3273	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av
3274	ENDIF
3275	IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3276	WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av
3277	ENDIF
3278	IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3279	WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_eb_av
3280	ENDIF
3281	IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3282	WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av
3283	ENDIF
3284	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb
3285	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3286	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_av
3287	ENDIF
3288	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil
3289	IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3290	WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av
3291	ENDIF
3292	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3293	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_eb_av
3294	ENDIF
3295	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3296	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_eb_av
3297	ENDIF
3298	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3299	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_eb_av
3300	ENDIF
3301	IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3302	WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_eb_av
3303	ENDIF
3304	IF ( ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3305	WRITE ( 14 ) 'shf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) shf_eb_av
3306	ENDIF
3307	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil
3308	IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3309	WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av
3310	ENDIF
3311
3312	WRITE ( 14 ) '* end lsm * '
3313
3314	ENDIF
3315
3316	END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions
3317
3318
3319	SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, &
3320	nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, &
3321	offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, &
3322	tmp_2d )
3323
3324
3325	USE control_parameters
3326
3327	USE indices
3328
3329	USE kinds
3330
3331	USE pegrid
3332
3333	IMPLICIT NONE
3334
3335	CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !<
3336
3337	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
3338	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
3339	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !<
3340	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !<
3341	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !<
3342	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !<
3343	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !<
3344	INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !<
3345	INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !<
3346	INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !<
3347	INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !<
3348	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !<
3349	INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !<
3350	INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !<
3351	INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !<
3352
3353	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !<
3354	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !<
3355	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !<
3356	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !<
3357	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !<
3358	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !<
3359
3360	REAL(wp), &
3361	DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3362	tmp_2d !<
3363
3364	REAL(wp), &
3365	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3366	tmp_3d !<
3367
3368	REAL(wp), &
3369	DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::&
3370	tmp_3d2 !<
3371
3372
3373	IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
3374	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3375
3376	DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '* end lsm *' )
3377
3378	DO k = 1, overlap_count
3379
3380	nxlf = nxlfa(i,k)
3381	nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3382	nxrf = nxrfa(i,k)
3383	nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k)
3384	nysf = nysfa(i,k)
3385	nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3386	nynf = nynfa(i,k)
3387	nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k)
3388
3389
3390	SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) )
3391
3392	CASE ( 'c_liq_av' )
3393	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN
3394	ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3395	ENDIF
3396	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3397	c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3398	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3399
3400	CASE ( 'c_soil_av' )
3401	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN
3402	ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3403	ENDIF
3404	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3405	c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3406	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3407
3408	CASE ( 'c_veg_av' )
3409	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN
3410	ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3411	ENDIF
3412	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3413	c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3414	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3415
3416	CASE ( 'ghf_eb_av' )
3417	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3418	ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3419	ENDIF
3420	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3421	ghf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3422	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3423
3424	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb' )
3425	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3426	m_liq_eb(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3427	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3428
3429	CASE ( 'lai_av' )
3430	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN
3431	ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3432	ENDIF
3433	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3434	lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3435	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3436
3437	CASE ( 'm_liq_eb_av' )
3438	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3439	ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3440	ENDIF
3441	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3442	m_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3443	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3444
3445	CASE ( 'm_soil' )
3446	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3447	m_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3448	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf-nbgp:nynf &
3449	+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3450
3451	CASE ( 'm_soil_av' )
3452	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN
3453	ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3454	ENDIF
3455	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3456	m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3457	tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf &
3458	-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3459
3460	CASE ( 'qsws_eb_av' )
3461	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN
3462	ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3463	ENDIF
3464	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3465	qsws_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3466	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3467
3468	CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb_av' )
3469	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN
3470	ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3471	ENDIF
3472	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3473	qsws_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3474	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3475	CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb_av' )
3476	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN
3477	ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3478	ENDIF
3479	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3480	qsws_soil_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3481	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3482
3483	CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb_av' )
3484	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN
3485	ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3486	ENDIF
3487	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3488	qsws_veg_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3489	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3490
3491	CASE ( 'shf_eb_av' )
3492	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN
3493	ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3494	ENDIF
3495	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d
3496	shf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3497	tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3498
3499	CASE ( 't_soil' )
3500	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d
3501	t_soil(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3502	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3503	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3504
3505	CASE ( 't_soil_av' )
3506	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN
3507	ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
3508	ENDIF
3509	IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:)
3510	t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = &
3511	tmp_3d(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, &
3512	nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp)
3513
3514
3515	CASE DEFAULT
3516	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', &
3517	TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', &
3518	'&data from prior run on PE ', myid
3519	CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0441', 1, 2, 0, 6, &
3520	0 )
3521
3522	END SELECT
3523
3524	ENDDO
3525
3526	READ ( 13 ) field_char
3527
3528	ENDDO
3529	ENDIF
3530
3531	END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data
3532
3533	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3534	! Description:
3535	! ------------
3536	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
3537	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
3538	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
3539	!> 2012)
3540	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3541	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3542
3543	USE control_parameters, &
3544	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
3545
3546	IMPLICIT NONE
3547
3548	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3549	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3550
3551	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
3552	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
3553	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
3554	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
3555
3556
3557	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3558	DO j = nysg, nyng
3559	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
3560
3561	!
3562	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
3563	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
3564	!-- length
3565	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
3566	!
3567	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
3568	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
3569	!
3570	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
3571	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
3572
3573	!
3574	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
3575	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
3576	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
3577	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
3578	! ENDIF
3579
3580	!
3581	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
3582	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
3583	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
3584	!-- Charnock relation is used.
3585	z0(j,i) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i) ) &
3586	+ ( alpha_ch * us(j,i)**2 / g )
3587
3588	z0h(j,i) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3589	z0q(j,i) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
3590
3591	ENDIF
3592	ENDDO
3593	ENDDO
3594
3595	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
3596
3597
3598	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3599	! Description:
3600	! ------------
3601	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
3602	!> that the skin is always saturated.
3603	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3604	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3605
3606	IMPLICIT NONE
3607
3608	INTEGER :: i !< running index
3609	INTEGER :: j !< running index
3610	INTEGER :: k !< running index
3611
3612	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
3613
3614	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
3615	DO j = nysg, nyng
3616	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
3617
3618	!
3619	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
3620	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface_p(j,i) &
3621	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface_p(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
3622
3623	!
3624	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
3625	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
3626
3627	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
3628
3629	!
3630	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
3631	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
3632	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3633	* ( q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i) )
3634	ELSE
3635	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
3636	* q(k+1,j,i)
3637	ENDIF
3638
3639	!
3640	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
3641	vpt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
3642
3643	ENDDO
3644	ENDDO
3645
3646	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
3647
3648
3649	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

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