!> @file land_surface_model_mod.f90 !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! This file is part of PALM. ! ! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the ! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software ! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later ! version. ! ! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY ! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR ! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. ! ! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with ! PALM. If not, see . ! ! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! ! Current revisions: ! ----------------- ! Error no changed ! ! ! Former revisions: ! ----------------- ! $Id: land_surface_model_mod.f90 2248 2017-06-06 13:52:54Z sward $ ! ! 2246 2017-06-06 13:09:34Z sward ! Error no changed ! ! Changed soil configuration to 8 layers. The number of soil layers is now ! freely adjustable via the NAMELIST. ! ! 2237 2017-05-31 10:34:53Z suehring ! Bugfix in write restart data ! ! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring ! ! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring ! Adjustments to new topography and surface concept ! - now, also vertical walls are possible ! - for vertical walls, parametrization of r_a (aerodynamic resisistance) is ! implemented. ! ! Add check for soil moisture, it must not exceed its saturation value. ! ! 2149 2017-02-09 16:57:03Z scharf ! Land surface parameters II corrected for veg_type 18 and 19 ! ! 2031 2016-10-21 15:11:58Z knoop ! renamed variable rho to rho_ocean ! ! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop ! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns ! ! 1978 2016-07-29 12:08:31Z maronga ! Bugfix: initial values of pave_surface and water_surface were not set. ! ! 1976 2016-07-27 13:28:04Z maronga ! Parts of the code have been reformatted. Use of radiation model output is ! generalized and simplified. Added more output quantities due to modularization ! ! 1972 2016-07-26 07:52:02Z maronga ! Further modularization: output of cross sections and 3D data is now done in this ! module. Moreover, restart data is written and read directly within this module. ! ! ! 1966 2016-07-18 11:54:18Z maronga ! Bugfix: calculation of m_total in soil model was not set to zero at model start ! ! 1949 2016-06-17 07:19:16Z maronga ! Bugfix: calculation of qsws_soil_eb with precipitation = .TRUE. gave ! qsws_soil_eb = 0 due to a typo ! ! 1856 2016-04-13 12:56:17Z maronga ! Bugfix: for water surfaces, the initial water surface temperature is set equal ! to the intital skin temperature. Moreover, the minimum value of r_a is now ! 1.0 to avoid too large fluxes at the first model time step ! ! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann ! prr moved to arrays_3d ! ! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga ! Cleanup after modularization ! ! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga ! Added interface for lsm_init_arrays. Added subroutines for check_parameters, ! header, and parin. Renamed some subroutines. ! ! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga ! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin ! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length ! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver ! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature. ! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock ! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q. ! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for ! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete). ! Syntax layout improved. ! Changed: parameter dewfall removed. ! ! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch ! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module ! ! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga ! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter ! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on ! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set ! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX ! function as it cannot be vectorized. ! ! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga ! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1. ! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs ! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky' ! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky' ! Added todo action ! ! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch ! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive ! ! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga ! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of ! Replaced rif with ol ! ! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga ! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes: ! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of ! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface ! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere ! ! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop ! Code annotations made doxygen readable ! ! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga ! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements ! ! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga ! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type. ! ! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga ! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to ! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions. ! ! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga ! Added output of r_a and r_s ! ! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga ! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature ! profile ! ! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga ! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output. ! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some ! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface ! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of ! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for ! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction ! calculation ! ! intrinsic function MAX and MIN ! ! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga ! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a). ! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq. ! Added support for dry runs. ! ! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga ! Initial revision ! ! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the !> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL !> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to !> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the !> DALES and UCLA-LES models. !> !> @todo Restart data for vertical natural land-surfaces !> @todo Extensive verification energy-balance solver for vertical surfaces, !> e.g. parametrization of r_a !> @todo Revise single land-surface processes for vertical surfaces, e.g. !> treatment of humidity, etc. !> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the !> skin layer. !> @todo Improve surface water parameterization !> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0, !> nzt_soil=3)). !> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES !> with considerable precipitation. !> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant' !> !> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not !> become too thin. !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! MODULE land_surface_model_mod USE arrays_3d, & ONLY: hyp, pt, pt_p, prr, q, q_p, ql, vpt, u, v, w USE cloud_parameters, & ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v USE control_parameters, & ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, & initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, & land_surface, max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, & rho_surface, roughness_length, surface_pressure, & timestep_scheme, tsc, z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point USE indices, & ONLY: nbgp, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nzb USE kinds USE pegrid USE radiation_model_mod, & ONLY: force_radiation_call, rad_net, rad_sw_in, rad_lw_out, & rad_lw_out_change_0, radiation_scheme, unscheduled_radiation_calls USE statistics, & ONLY: hom, statistic_regions USE surface_mod, & ONLY : surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, surf_type IMPLICIT NONE TYPE surf_type_lsm REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_1D !< 1D prognostic variable REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: var_2D !< 2D prognostic variable END TYPE surf_type_lsm ! !-- LSM model constants REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: & b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m) REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: zs_default = & ! default soil layer configuration (/ 0.005_wp, 0.02_wp, 0.04_wp, & 0.07_wp, 0.15_wp, 0.28_wp, & 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp /) ! !-- LSM variables INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (Earth's surface) nzt_soil = 0, & !< top of the soil model nzs = 0, & !< number of soil layers veg_type = 2, & !< default NAMELIST veg_type_2d soil_type = 3 !< default NAMELIST soil_type_2d LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag to force calling of radiation routine aero_resist_kray = .TRUE. !< flag to control parametrization of aerodynamic resistance at vertical surface elements ! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set ! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1 exn, & !< value of the Exner function e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3) n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads) pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads) q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp rho_lv, & !< rho_ocean * l_v rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par) z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par) z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par) REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag dz_soil, & !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge) dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center) root_extr !< root extraction REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:20) :: root_fraction = 9999999.9_wp, & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers soil_moisture = 0.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST soil moisture content (m3/m3) soil_temperature = 300.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST soil temperature (K) +1 zs = 9999999.9_wp !< soil layer depths #if defined( __nopointer ) TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: & t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements #else TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_soil_h, & !< Soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements t_soil_h_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), horizontal surface elements m_soil_h, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements m_soil_h_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), horizontal surface elements TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_soil_h_1, & !< t_soil_h_2, & !< m_soil_h_1, & !< m_soil_h_2 !< TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: & t_soil_v, & !< Soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements t_soil_v_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K), vertical surface elements m_soil_v, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements m_soil_v_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3), vertical surface elements TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET ::& t_soil_v_1, & !< t_soil_v_2, & !< m_soil_v_1, & !< m_soil_v_2 !< #endif #if defined( __nopointer ) TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements m_liq_eb_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements m_liq_eb_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: & t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements m_liq_eb_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements m_liq_eb_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements #else TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: t_surface_h, & !< surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements t_surface_h_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), horizontal surface elements m_liq_eb_h, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements m_liq_eb_h_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), horizontal surface elements TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: t_surface_h_1, & !< t_surface_h_2, & !< m_liq_eb_h_1, & !< m_liq_eb_h_2 !< TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(:), POINTER :: & t_surface_v, & !< surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements t_surface_v_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K), vertical surface elements m_liq_eb_v, & !< liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements m_liq_eb_v_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m), vertical surface elements TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: & t_surface_v_1, & !< t_surface_v_2, & !< m_liq_eb_v_1, & !< m_liq_eb_v_2 !< #endif #if defined( __nopointer ) REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_eb_av #else REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: m_liq_eb_av #endif #if defined( __nopointer ) REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil #else REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil m_soil_av !< Average of m_soil #endif TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_liq_eb_h_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), horizontal surface elements TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_surface_h_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), horizontal surface elements TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tt_soil_h_m !< t_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements TYPE(surf_type_lsm), TARGET :: tm_soil_h_m !< m_soil storage array, horizontal surface elements TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_liq_eb_v_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m), vertical surface elements TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_surface_v_m !< surface temperature tendency (K), vertical surface elements TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tt_soil_v_m !< t_soil storage array, vertical surface elements TYPE(surf_type_lsm), DIMENSION(0:3), TARGET :: tm_soil_v_m !< m_soil storage array, vertical surface elements ! !-- Energy balance variables REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: & c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb lai_av, & !< average of lai qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb r_a_av, & !< average of r_a r_s_av, & !< average of r_s shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb ! !-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type) CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ & 'user defined ', & ! 0 'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1 'short grass ', & ! 2 'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3 'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4 'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5 'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6 'tall grass ', & ! 7 'desert ', & ! 8 'tundra ', & ! 9 'irrigated crops ', & ! 10 'semidesert ', & ! 11 'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12 'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13 'inland water ', & ! 14 'ocean ', & ! 15 'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16 'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17 'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18 'interrupted forest ', & ! 19 'pavements/roads ' & ! 20 /) ! !-- Soil model classes (soil_type) CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ & 'user defined', & ! 0 'coarse ', & ! 1 'medium ', & ! 2 'medium-fine ', & ! 3 'fine ', & ! 4 'very fine ', & ! 5 'organic ', & ! 6 'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7 /) ! !-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type) ! !-- Land surface parameters I !-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ & 180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1 110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2 500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3 500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4 175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5 240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6 100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7 250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8 80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9 180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10 150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12 240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15 225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16 225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17 250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18 175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20 /), (/ 4, 20 /) ) ! !-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ & 0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1 0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6 0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7 0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8 0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9 0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10 0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11 1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12 0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15 0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16 0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 18 1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.10_wp, & ! 19 1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20 /), (/ 3, 20 /) ) ! !-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ & 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2 20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3 20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4 20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5 20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7 15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11 58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13 1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14 1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16 10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17 20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18 20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19 0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20 /), (/ 3, 20 /) ) ! !-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1-8 !-- REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:7,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/& 0.035_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.108_wp, & 0.195_wp, 0.214_wp, 0.284_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 1 0.050_wp, 0.100_wp, 0.100_wp, 0.136_wp, & 0.181_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.215_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 2 0.038_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.111_wp, & 0.185_wp, 0.203_wp, 0.273_wp, 0.040_wp, & ! 3 0.038_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.075_wp, 0.110_wp, & 0.180_wp, 0.199_wp, 0.277_wp, 0.046_wp, & ! 4 0.035_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.069_wp, 0.105_wp, & 0.180_wp, 0.201_wp, 0.295_wp, 0.046_wp, & ! 5 0.035_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.105_wp, & 0.161_wp, 0.180_wp, 0.282_wp, 0.093_wp, & ! 6 0.040_wp, 0.077_wp, 0.077_wp, 0.112_wp, & 0.176_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.266_wp, 0.060_wp, & ! 7 0.142_wp, 0.286_wp, 0.286_wp, 0.286_wp, & 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 8 0.068_wp, 0.134_wp, 0.134_wp, 0.177_wp, & 0.214_wp, 0.203_wp, 0.070_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 9 0.035_wp, 0.068_wp, 0.068_wp, 0.108_wp, & 0.195_wp, 0.215_wp, 0.285_wp, 0.026_wp, & ! 10 0.025_wp, 0.048_wp, 0.048_wp, 0.078_wp, & 0.147_wp, 0.175_wp, 0.353_wp, 0.126_wp, & ! 11 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 12 0.036_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.072_wp, 0.103_wp, & 0.163_wp, 0.180_wp, 0.273_wp, 0.074_wp, & ! 13 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 14 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & ! 15 0.032_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.100_wp, & 0.172_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.299_wp, 0.073_wp, & ! 16 0.032_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.066_wp, 0.100_wp, & 0.172_wp, 0.192_wp, 0.299_wp, 0.073_wp, & ! 17 0.028_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.087_wp, & 0.166_wp, 0.195_wp, 0.348_wp, 0.066_wp, & ! 18 0.028_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.055_wp, 0.087_wp, & 0.166_wp, 0.195_wp, 0.348_wp, 0.066_wp, & ! 19 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, & 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 20 /), (/ 8, 20 /) ) ! !-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type) ! !-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ & 3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1 3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2 0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3 3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4 2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5 1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7 /), (/ 4, 7 /) ) ! !-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ & 0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1 0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2 0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3 0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4 0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5 0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6 0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7 /), (/ 4, 7 /) ) SAVE PRIVATE ! !-- Public functions PUBLIC lsm_check_data_output, lsm_check_data_output_pr, & lsm_check_parameters, lsm_define_netcdf_grid, lsm_3d_data_averaging,& lsm_data_output_2d, lsm_data_output_3d, lsm_energy_balance, & lsm_header, lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays, lsm_parin, lsm_soil_model, & lsm_swap_timelevel, lsm_read_restart_data, lsm_last_actions ! !-- Public parameters, constants and initial values PUBLIC aero_resist_kray, skip_time_do_lsm ! !-- Public grid variables PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs ! !-- Public prognostic variables PUBLIC m_soil_h, t_soil_h INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_data_output_pr END INTERFACE lsm_check_data_output_pr INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_check_parameters END INTERFACE lsm_check_parameters INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_3d_data_averaging END INTERFACE lsm_3d_data_averaging INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_2d END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_2d INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_data_output_3d END INTERFACE lsm_data_output_3d INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_define_netcdf_grid END INTERFACE lsm_define_netcdf_grid INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance INTERFACE lsm_header MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_header END INTERFACE lsm_header INTERFACE lsm_init MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init END INTERFACE lsm_init INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_init_arrays END INTERFACE lsm_init_arrays INTERFACE lsm_parin MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_parin END INTERFACE lsm_parin INTERFACE lsm_soil_model MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_read_restart_data END INTERFACE lsm_read_restart_data INTERFACE lsm_last_actions MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_last_actions END INTERFACE lsm_last_actions CONTAINS !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Check data output for land surface model !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output( var, unit, i, ilen, k ) USE control_parameters, & ONLY: data_output, message_string IMPLICIT NONE CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !< CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: var !< INTEGER(iwp) :: i INTEGER(iwp) :: ilen INTEGER(iwp) :: k SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) ) CASE ( 'm_soil' ) IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF unit = 'm3/m3' CASE ( 't_soil' ) IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF unit = 'K' CASE ( 'lai*', 'c_liq*', 'c_soil*', 'c_veg*', 'ghf_eb*', 'm_liq_eb*',& 'qsws_eb*', 'qsws_liq_eb*', 'qsws_soil_eb*', 'qsws_veg_eb*', & 'r_a*', 'r_s*', 'shf_eb*' ) IF ( k == 0 .OR. data_output(i)(ilen-2:ilen) /= '_xy' ) THEN message_string = 'illegal value for data_output: "' // & TRIM( var ) // '" & only 2d-horizontal ' // & 'cross sections are allowed for this value' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0111', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) & THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) & THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) & THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) & THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*' .AND. .NOT. land_surface ) & THEN message_string = 'output of "' // TRIM( var ) // '" requi' // & 'res land_surface = .TRUE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0404', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'lai*' ) unit = 'none' IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_liq*' ) unit = 'none' IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_soil*') unit = 'none' IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'c_veg*' ) unit = 'none' IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'ghf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2' IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'm_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'm' IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2' IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2' IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2' IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) unit = 'W/m2' IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_a*') unit = 's/m' IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'r_s*') unit = 's/m' IF ( TRIM( var ) == 'shf_eb*') unit = 'W/m2' CASE DEFAULT unit = 'illegal' END SELECT END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Check data output of profiles for land surface model !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr( variable, var_count, unit, dopr_unit ) USE control_parameters, & ONLY: data_output_pr, message_string USE indices USE profil_parameter USE statistics IMPLICIT NONE CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: unit !< CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: dopr_unit !< local value of dopr_unit INTEGER(iwp) :: user_pr_index !< INTEGER(iwp) :: var_count !< SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) ) CASE ( 't_soil', '#t_soil' ) IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // & TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // & 'not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ELSE dopr_index(var_count) = 89 dopr_unit = 'K' hom(0:nzs-1,2,89,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 ) IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 90 hom(0:nzs-1,2,90,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 ) data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:) ENDIF unit = dopr_unit ENDIF CASE ( 'm_soil', '#m_soil' ) IF ( .NOT. land_surface ) THEN message_string = 'data_output_pr = ' // & TRIM( data_output_pr(var_count) ) // ' is' // & ' not implemented for land_surface = .FALSE.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0402', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ELSE dopr_index(var_count) = 91 dopr_unit = 'm3/m3' hom(0:nzs-1,2,91,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 ) IF ( data_output_pr(var_count)(1:1) == '#' ) THEN dopr_initial_index(var_count) = 92 hom(0:nzs-1,2,92,:) = SPREAD( - zs, 2, statistic_regions+1 ) data_output_pr(var_count) = data_output_pr(var_count)(2:) ENDIF unit = dopr_unit ENDIF CASE DEFAULT unit = 'illegal' END SELECT END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_data_output_pr !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Check parameters routine for land surface model !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters USE control_parameters, & ONLY: bc_pt_b, bc_q_b, constant_flux_layer, message_string, & most_method USE radiation_model_mod, & ONLY: radiation IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index, z-dimension ! !-- Dirichlet boundary conditions are required as the surface fluxes are !-- calculated from the temperature/humidity gradients in the land surface !-- model IF ( bc_pt_b == 'neumann' .OR. bc_q_b == 'neumann' ) THEN message_string = 'lsm requires setting of'// & 'bc_pt_b = "dirichlet" and '// & 'bc_q_b = "dirichlet"' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0399', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( .NOT. constant_flux_layer ) THEN message_string = 'lsm requires '// & 'constant_flux_layer = .T.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( ( veg_type == 14 .OR. veg_type == 15 ) .AND. & most_method == 'lookup' ) THEN WRITE( message_string, * ) 'veg_type = ', veg_type, ' is not ', & 'allowed in combination with ', & 'most_method = ', most_method CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0417', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user defined)'// & 'requires setting of min_canopy_resistance'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of leaf_area_index'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of vegetation_coverage'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp) THEN message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of'// & 'canopy_resistance_coefficient /= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of lambda_surface_stable'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of lambda_surface_unstable'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of f_shortwave_incoming'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of z0_eb'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of z0h_eb'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF ENDIF IF ( soil_type == 0 ) THEN IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of alpha_vangenuchten'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of l_vangenuchten'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of n_vangenuchten'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of hydraulic_conductivity'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of saturation_moisture'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of field_capacity'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of wilting_point'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'soil_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of residual_moisture'// & '/= 9999999.9' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF ENDIF ! !-- Check for proper setting of soil moisture, must not be larger than its !-- saturation value. DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil IF ( soil_moisture(k) > m_soil_pars(0,soil_type) ) THEN message_string = 'soil_moisture must not exceed its saturation' // & ' value' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0403', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF ENDDO IF ( .NOT. radiation ) THEN message_string = 'lsm requires '// & 'radiation = .T.' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0400', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF ! !-- Determine number of soil layers to be used and check whether an appropriate !-- root fraction is prescribed nzb_soil = 0 nzt_soil = 0 IF ( ALL( zs == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN nzt_soil = 7 zs(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) = zs_default ELSE DO k = 0, 19 IF ( zs(k) /= 9999999.9_wp ) THEN nzt_soil = nzt_soil + 1 IF ( root_fraction(k) == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN message_string = 'manual setting of zs '// & 'requires adequate setting of root_fraction'//& '/= 9999999.9 ' // & 'and SUM(root_fraction) = 1' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0452', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF ENDIF ENDDO ENDIF IF ( veg_type == 0 ) THEN IF ( SUM( root_fraction(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) ) /= 1.0_wp ) THEN message_string = 'veg_type = 0 (user_defined)'// & 'requires setting of root_fraction'// & '/= 9999999.9 and SUM(root_fraction) = 1' CALL message( 'check_parameters', 'PA0401', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 ) ENDIF ENDIF END SUBROUTINE lsm_check_parameters !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Solver for the energy balance at the surface. !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance( horizontal, l ) IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for x INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for y INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: k_off !< offset to determine index of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point, for z INTEGER(iwp) :: k_rad !< index to access radiation array INTEGER(iwp) :: ks !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-facing index INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index concerning wall elements LOGICAL :: horizontal !< Flag indicating horizontal or vertical surfaces REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface f1, & !< resistance correction term 1 f2, & !< resistance correction term 2 f3, & !< resistance correction term 3 m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture e, & !< water vapour pressure e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T tend, & !< tendency dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_surface_p TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_surface_m TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq_eb TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_liq_eb_p TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_liq_eb_m TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable IF ( horizontal ) THEN surf => surf_lsm_h surf_t_surface => t_surface_h surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_h_p surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_h_m surf_m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_h surf_m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_h_p surf_tm_liq_eb_m => tm_liq_eb_h_m surf_m_soil => m_soil_h surf_t_soil => t_soil_h k_off = -1 j_off = 0 i_off = 0 ELSE surf => surf_lsm_v(l) surf_t_surface => t_surface_v(l) surf_t_surface_p => t_surface_v_p(l) surf_tt_surface_m => tt_surface_v_m(l) surf_m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_v(l) surf_m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_v_p(l) surf_tm_liq_eb_m => tm_liq_eb_v_m(l) surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l) surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l) k_off = 0 IF ( l == 0 ) THEN j_off = -1 i_off = 0 ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN j_off = 1 i_off = 0 ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN j_off = 0 i_off = -1 ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN j_off = 0 i_off = 1 ENDIF ENDIF ! !-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp DO m = 1, surf%ns i = surf%i(m) j = surf%j(m) k = surf%k(m) ! !-- Determine height index for radiation. Note, in clear-sky case radiation !-- arrays have rank 0 in first dimensions, so index must be zero. In case !-- of RRTMG radiation arrays have non-zero rank in first dimension, so that !-- radiation can be obtained at respective height level k_rad = MERGE( 0, k + k_off, radiation_scheme /= 'rrtmg' ) ! !-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil IF ( .NOT. surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN c_surface_tmp = c_surface IF ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) >= surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m)) THEN lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_s(m) ELSE lambda_surface = surf%lambda_surface_u(m) ENDIF ELSE c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil) ENDIF ! !-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts !-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last !-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the !-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i) qv1 = q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i) ELSE pt1 = pt(k,j,i) IF ( humidity ) THEN qv1 = q(k,j,i) ELSE qv1 = 0.0_wp ENDIF ENDIF ! !-- Calculate aerodynamical resistance. For horizontal and vertical !-- surfaces MOST is applied. Moreover, for vertical surfaces, resistance !-- can be obtain via parameterization of Mason (2000) / !-- Krayenhoff and Voogt (2006). !-- To do: detailed investigation which approach is better! IF ( horizontal .OR. .NOT. aero_resist_kray ) THEN surf%r_a(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / & ( surf%ts(m) * surf%us(m) + 1.0E-20_wp ) ELSE surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp / ( 11.8_wp + 4.2_wp * & SQRT( ( ( u(k,j,i) + u(k,j,i+1) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + & ( ( v(k,j,i) + v(k,j+1,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 + & ( ( w(k,j,i) + w(k-1,j,i) ) * 0.5_wp )**2 ) & ) ENDIF ! !-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero for neutral !-- stratification IF ( ABS( surf%r_a(m) ) < 1.0_wp ) surf%r_a(m) = 1.0_wp ! !-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy !-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation !-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at !-- night) f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off) + 0.05_wp ) /& (0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k_rad,j+j_off,i+i_off)& + 1.0_wp)) ) ! !-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the !-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here) !-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils m_total = 0.0_wp DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(ks,m) & * MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(ks,m), surf%m_wilt(m) ) ENDDO IF ( m_total > surf%m_wilt(m) .AND. & m_total < surf%m_fc(m) ) THEN f2 = ( m_total - surf%m_wilt(m) ) / & ( surf%m_fc(m) - surf%m_wilt(m) ) ELSEIF ( m_total >= surf%m_fc(m) ) THEN f2 = 1.0_wp ELSE f2 = 1.0E-20_wp ENDIF ! !-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) & - 273.16_wp ) / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) ) ! !-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit IF ( surf%g_d(m) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN ! !-- Calculate vapour pressure e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp f3 = EXP ( - surf%g_d(m) * (e_s - e) ) ELSE f3 = 1.0_wp ENDIF ! !-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils), !-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below. !-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity surf%r_canopy(m) = surf%r_canopy_min(m) / & ( surf%lai(m) * f1 * f2 * f3 + 1.0E-20_wp ) ! !-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp & !-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg. IF ( surf%soil_type_2d(m) /= 7 ) THEN m_min = surf%c_veg(m) * surf%m_wilt(m) + & ( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) * surf%m_res(m) ELSE m_min = surf%m_wilt(m) ENDIF f2 = ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) - m_min ) / ( surf%m_fc(m) - m_min ) f2 = MAX( f2, 1.0E-20_wp ) f2 = MIN( f2, 1.0_wp ) surf%r_soil(m) = surf%r_soil_min(m) / f2 ! !-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and !-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is !-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The !-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after !-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for !-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils. IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 ) ELSE m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( surf%c_veg(m) * surf%lai(m)& + ( 1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) ) surf%c_liq(m) = MIN( 1.0_wp, surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) / m_liq_eb_max ) ENDIF ! !-- Calculate saturation specific humidity q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure ! !-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero !-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN surf%r_canopy(m) = 0.0_wp surf%r_soil(m) = 0.0_wp ENDIF ! !-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration !-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero. !-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible. IF ( surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / surf%r_a(m) ELSEIF ( surf%pave_surface (m) ) THEN f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_liq(m) / surf%r_a(m) ELSE f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * & ( 1.0_wp - surf%c_liq(m) ) / & ( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_canopy(m) ) f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - surf%c_veg(m) ) / & ( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_soil(m) ) f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * surf%c_veg(m) * surf%c_liq(m) / & surf%r_a(m) ENDIF ! !-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer !-- transpirate. ! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN ! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp ! ENDIF f_shf = rho_cp / surf%r_a(m) f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq ! !-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp) - & 17.269_wp*( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp) & / ( surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp)**2 ) dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure ! !-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation surf%rad_net_l(m) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) ! !-- Calculate new skin temperature IF ( humidity ) THEN ! !-- Numerator of the prognostic equation coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) & * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) & + f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s & + dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) + lambda_surface & * surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ! !-- Denominator of the prognostic equation coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt & + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn ELSE ! !-- Numerator of the prognostic equation coef_1 = surf%rad_net_l(m) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) & * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) & + f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface & * surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ! !-- Denominator of the prognostic equation coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn ENDIF tend = 0.0_wp ! !-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity, !-- otherwise use RK3 scheme. surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp *& surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2& * dt_3d * tsc(2) ) ! !-- Add RK3 term IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * & tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) ! !-- Calculate true tendency tend = ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - & dt_3d * tsc(3) * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2)) ! !-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = tend ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < & intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + & 5.3125_wp * surf_tt_surface_m%var_1d(m) ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ! !-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to !-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed !-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations, !-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold !-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be !-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is !-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense !-- computing time for the radiation code). IF ( ABS( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. & unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE. ENDIF pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn !is actually no air temperature surf%pt_surface(m) = surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) / exn ! !-- Calculate fluxes surf%rad_net_l(m) = surf%rad_net_l(m) + & rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) & * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) & - rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) rad_net(j,i) = surf%rad_net_l(m) rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * & ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) ) surf%ghf_eb(m) = lambda_surface * ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) & - surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) surf%shf_eb(m) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - surf%pt_surface(m) ) surf%shf(m) = surf%shf_eb(m) / rho_cp IF ( humidity ) THEN surf%qsws_eb(m) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt & * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * & surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) ) surf%qsws(m) = surf%qsws_eb(m) / rho_lv surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s & + dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt & * surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) ) surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s & + dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt & * surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) ) surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s & + dq_s_dt * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt & * surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) ) ENDIF ! !-- Calculate the true surface resistance IF ( surf%qsws_eb(m) == 0.0_wp ) THEN surf%r_s(m) = 1.0E10_wp ELSE surf%r_s(m) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt & * surf_t_surface%var_1d(m) - dq_s_dt * & surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) ) / & surf%qsws_eb(m) - surf%r_a(m) ENDIF ! !-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or !-- evaporation of liquid water IF ( humidity ) THEN ! !-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb !-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage. !-- precipitation_rate is given in mm. IF ( precipitation ) THEN ! !-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible. !-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of !-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed !-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model IF ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) & + surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)& * hyrho(k+k_off) & * 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v ELSE surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) & + surf%c_veg(m) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)& * hyrho(k+k_off) & * 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v ENDIF !-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil !-- coverage. surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) + ( 1.0_wp & - surf%c_veg(m) ) * prr(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off)& * hyrho(k+k_off) & * 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v ENDIF ! !-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level IF ( surf%qsws_eb(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN ! !-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max) !-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this !-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1), !-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed IF ( surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) = surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) + surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = 0.0_wp ENDIF ! !-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior), !-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the !-- plant IF ( surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) < 0.0_wp ) THEN surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) = surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) + surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) = 0.0_wp ENDIF ENDIF tend = - surf%qsws_liq_eb(m) * drho_l_lv surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = surf_m_liq_eb%var_1d(m) + dt_3d * & ( tsc(2) * tend + & tsc(3) * surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) ) ! !-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum !-- (conservation of water is violated here) surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = MIN( surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m),m_liq_eb_max ) ! !-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0) !-- (conservation of water is violated here) surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m) = MAX( surf_m_liq_eb_p%var_1d(m), 0.0_wp ) ! !-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) = tend ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < & intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) = -9.5625_wp * tend + & 5.3125_wp * surf_tm_liq_eb_m%var_1d(m) ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDDO ! !-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at !-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count & == intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN #if defined( __parallel ) IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr ) CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, & 1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr ) #else force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l #endif force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE. ENDIF ! !-- Calculate surface specific humidity IF ( humidity ) THEN CALL calc_q_surface ENDIF ! !-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only) IF ( horizontal ) CALL calc_z0_water_surface CONTAINS !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend !> that the skin is always saturated. !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface IMPLICIT NONE REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term DO m = 1, surf%ns i = surf%i(m) j = surf%j(m) k = surf%k(m) ! !-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * & ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 273.16_wp ) / & ( surf_t_surface_p%var_1d(m) - 35.86_wp ) & ) ! !-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure resistance = surf%r_a(m) / ( surf%r_a(m) + surf%r_s(m) ) ! !-- Calculate specific humidity at surface IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + & ( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * & ( q(k,j,i) - ql(k,j,i) ) ELSE q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = resistance * q_s + & ( 1.0_wp - resistance ) * & q(k,j,i) ENDIF ! !-- Update virtual potential temperature vpt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) = pt(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) * & ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k+k_off,j+j_off,i+i_off) ) ENDDO END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Header output for land surface model !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_header ( io ) IMPLICIT NONE CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: t_soil_chr !< String for soil temperature profile CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: roots_chr !< String for root profile CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: vertical_index_chr !< String for the vertical index CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: m_soil_chr !< String for soil moisture CHARACTER (LEN=86) :: soil_depth_chr !< String for soil depth CHARACTER (LEN=10) :: coor_chr !< Temporary string INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< Loop index over soil layers INTEGER(iwp), INTENT(IN) :: io !< Unit of the output file t_soil_chr = '' m_soil_chr = '' soil_depth_chr = '' roots_chr = '' vertical_index_chr = '' i = 1 DO i = nzb_soil, nzt_soil WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_temperature(i) t_soil_chr = TRIM( t_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr ) WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') soil_moisture(i) m_soil_chr = TRIM( m_soil_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr ) WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') - zs(i) soil_depth_chr = TRIM( soil_depth_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr ) WRITE (coor_chr,'(F10.2,7X)') root_fraction(i) roots_chr = TRIM( roots_chr ) // ' ' // TRIM( coor_chr ) WRITE (coor_chr,'(I10,7X)') i vertical_index_chr = TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) // ' ' // & TRIM( coor_chr ) ENDDO ! !-- Write land surface model header WRITE( io, 1 ) IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN WRITE( io, 2 ) ELSE WRITE( io, 3 ) ENDIF WRITE( io, 4 ) TRIM( veg_type_name(veg_type) ), & TRIM (soil_type_name(soil_type) ) WRITE( io, 5 ) TRIM( soil_depth_chr ), TRIM( t_soil_chr ), & TRIM( m_soil_chr ), TRIM( roots_chr ), & TRIM( vertical_index_chr ) 1 FORMAT (//' Land surface model information:'/ & ' ------------------------------'/) 2 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is closed (water content is conserved', & ', default)') 3 FORMAT (' --> Soil bottom is open (water content is not conserved)') 4 FORMAT (' --> Land surface type : ',A,/ & ' --> Soil porosity type : ',A) 5 FORMAT (/' Initial soil temperature and moisture profile:'// & ' Height: ',A,' m'/ & ' Temperature: ',A,' K'/ & ' Moisture: ',A,' m**3/m**3'/ & ' Root fraction: ',A,' '/ & ' Grid point: ',A) END SUBROUTINE lsm_header !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Initialization of the land surface model !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_init IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: i_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: j_off !< index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index surface facing INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level ! !-- Calculate Exner function exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp ! !-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn ) ENDIF ! !-- Calculate frequently used parameters rho_cp = cp * rho_surface rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v) ! !-- Set initial values for prognostic quantities !-- Horizontal surfaces tt_surface_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp tt_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp tm_soil_h_m%var_2d = 0.0_wp tm_liq_eb_h_m%var_1d = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_h%c_liq = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_h%shf_eb = rho_cp * surf_lsm_h%shf IF ( humidity ) THEN surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb = rho_lv * surf_lsm_h%qsws ELSE surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb = 0.0_wp ENDIF surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_h%r_a = 50.0_wp surf_lsm_h%r_s = 50.0_wp surf_lsm_h%r_canopy = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_h%r_soil = 0.0_wp ! !-- Do the same for vertical surfaces DO l = 0, 3 tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf_eb = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_v(l)%shf_eb = rho_cp * surf_lsm_v(l)%shf IF ( humidity ) THEN surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb = rho_lv * surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws ELSE surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb = 0.0_wp ENDIF surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a = 50.0_wp surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s = 50.0_wp surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy = 0.0_wp surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil = 0.0_wp ENDDO ! !-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays !-- First, for horizontal surfaces ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) surf_lsm_h%lambda_h = 0.0_wp ! !-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model IF ( humidity ) THEN ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) surf_lsm_h%lambda_w = 0.0_wp ENDIF ! !-- For vertical surfaces DO l = 0, 3 ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_h = 0.0_wp ! !-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model IF ( humidity ) THEN ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_w = 0.0_wp ENDIF ENDDO ! !-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at !-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined !-- at the centers dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil) DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1) ENDDO dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1 dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k)) ENDDO dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil) ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag ! !-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each !-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a !-- value /= 9999999.9. IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type) ENDIF IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type) ENDIF IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type) ENDIF IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type) ENDIF IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type) ENDIF IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type) ENDIF IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type) ENDIF IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type) ENDIF ENDIF ! !-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays !-- Horizontal surfaces surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten surf_lsm_h%l_vg = l_vangenuchten surf_lsm_h%n_vg = n_vangenuchten surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity surf_lsm_h%m_sat = saturation_moisture surf_lsm_h%m_fc = field_capacity surf_lsm_h%m_wilt = wilting_point surf_lsm_h%m_res = residual_moisture surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance ! !-- Vertical surfaces DO l = 0, 3 surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg = l_vangenuchten surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg = n_vangenuchten surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat = saturation_moisture surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc = field_capacity surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt = wilting_point surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res = residual_moisture surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance ENDDO ! !-- Initial run actions IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN ! !-- First, for horizontal surfaces t_soil_h%var_2d = 0.0_wp m_soil_h%var_2d = 0.0_wp m_liq_eb_h%var_1d = 0.0_wp ! !-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer !-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent !-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil t_soil_h%var_2d(k,:) = soil_temperature(k) m_soil_h%var_2d(k,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(:)) soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point) ENDDO t_soil_h%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1) ! !-- Calculate surface temperature t_surface_h%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface ! !-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value !-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) k = surf_lsm_h%k(m) IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i) ELSE pt1 = pt(k,j,i) ENDIF ! !-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp surf_lsm_h%us(m) = 0.1_wp surf_lsm_h%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_h%r_a(m) surf_lsm_h%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_h%us(m) * surf_lsm_h%ts(m) ENDDO ! !-- Vertical surfaces DO l = 0, 3 t_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp m_soil_v(l)%var_2d = 0.0_wp m_liq_eb_v(l)%var_1d = 0.0_wp ! !-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer !-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent !-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,:) = soil_temperature(k) m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(k,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(:)) soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point) ENDDO t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzt_soil+1,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1) ! !-- Calculate surface temperature t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(:) = pt_surface * exn surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(:) = pt_surface ! !-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value !-- for the first time step. Only for interior core domain, not for ghost points DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m) j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m) k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m) IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN pt1 = pt(k,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k) * ql(k,j,i) ELSE pt1 = pt(k,j,i) ENDIF ! !-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start IF ( pt1 == surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) = 0.1_wp surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m) = ( pt1 - surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(m) ) / surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(m) surf_lsm_v(l)%shf(m) = - surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) * surf_lsm_v(l)%ts(m) ENDDO ENDDO ! !-- Actions for restart runs ELSE ! !-- Horizontal surfaces DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) k = surf_lsm_h%k(m) t_surface_h%var_1d(m) = pt(k-1,j,i) * exn ENDDO ! !-- Vertical surfaces DO l = 0, 3 ! !-- Set index offset of surface element, seen from atmospheric grid point IF ( l == 0 ) THEN j_off = -1 i_off = 0 ELSEIF ( l == 1 ) THEN j_off = 1 i_off = 0 ELSEIF ( l == 2 ) THEN j_off = 0 i_off = -1 ELSEIF ( l == 3 ) THEN j_off = 0 i_off = 1 ENDIF DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m) j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m) k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m) t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(m) = pt(k,j+j_off,i+i_off) * exn ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF ! !-- Initialize root fraction !-- Horizontal surfaces DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k) ENDDO ENDDO ! !-- Vertical surfaces DO l = 0, 3 DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m) j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_fraction(k) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type) ENDIF IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type) ENDIF IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type) ENDIF IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type) ENDIF IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type) ENDIF IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type) ENDIF IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type) ENDIF IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type) z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type) ENDIF IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type) ENDIF IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type) ENDIF z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp ) IF ( ALL( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil surf_lsm_h%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,veg_type) root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type) ENDDO ENDDO DO l = 0, 3 DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m) j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil surf_lsm_v(l)%root_fr(k,m) = root_distribution(k,veg_type) root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF ELSE IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN z0_eb = roughness_length ENDIF IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor ENDIF IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor ENDIF ENDIF ! !-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry !-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil) ELSE pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth ) ENDIF ENDIF ! !-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous !-- surfaces via user interface see below !-- First for horizontal surfaces surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d = veg_type surf_lsm_h%soil_type_2d = soil_type ! !-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance surf_lsm_h%lai = leaf_area_index surf_lsm_h%c_veg = vegetation_coverage surf_lsm_h%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming surf_lsm_h%z0 = z0_eb surf_lsm_h%z0h = z0h_eb surf_lsm_h%z0q = z0q_eb !-- Vertical surfaces DO l = 0, 3 surf_lsm_v(l)%veg_type_2d = veg_type surf_lsm_v(l)%soil_type_2d = soil_type ! !-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance surf_lsm_v(l)%lai = leaf_area_index surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg = vegetation_coverage surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming surf_lsm_v(l)%z0 = z0_eb surf_lsm_v(l)%z0h = z0h_eb surf_lsm_v(l)%z0q = z0q_eb ENDDO ! !-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface) CALL user_init_land_surface ! !-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also !-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers. !-- For now, do not set water surface for vertical surfaces DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) IF ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 14 .OR. & surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 15 ) THEN surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) = .TRUE. t_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = t_surface_h%var_1d(m) ELSEIF ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(m) == 20 ) THEN surf_lsm_h%pave_surface(m) = .TRUE. m_soil_h%var_2d(:,m) = 0.0_wp ENDIF ENDDO ! !-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only, i.e. only !- horizontal surfaces) CALL calc_z0_water_surface t_soil_h_p = t_soil_h m_soil_h_p = m_soil_h m_liq_eb_h_p = m_liq_eb_h t_surface_h_p = t_surface_h t_soil_v_p = t_soil_v m_soil_v_p = m_soil_v m_liq_eb_v_p = m_liq_eb_v t_surface_v_p = t_surface_v !-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are !-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE) hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), & 2, statistic_regions+1 ) hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1), & 2, statistic_regions+1 ) END SUBROUTINE lsm_init !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< index indicating facing of surface array ! !-- Allocate global 1D arrays ALLOCATE ( ddz_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) ) ALLOCATE ( ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) ) ALLOCATE ( dz_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) ) ALLOCATE ( dz_soil_stag(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) ) ALLOCATE ( root_extr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) ) root_extr = 0.0_wp ! !-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity. Please note, !-- these arrays are allocated according to surface-data structure, !-- even if they do not belong to the data type due to the !-- pointer arithmetric (TARGET attribute is not allowed in a data-type). #if defined( __nopointer ) ! !-- Horizontal surfaces ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ! !-- Vertical surfaces DO l = 0, 3 ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v(l)_p%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v(l)_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ENDDO #else ! !-- Horizontal surfaces ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_1%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_surface_h_2%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( m_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_1%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_soil_h_2%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ! !-- Vertical surfaces DO l = 0, 3 ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_1(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_surface_v_2(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( m_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_1(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( t_soil_v_2(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ENDDO #endif ! !-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays !-- Horizontal surfaces ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_h_m%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_h_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ! !-- Horizontal surfaces DO l = 0, 3 ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_v_m(l)%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_v_m(l)%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ENDDO ! !-- Allocate skin-surface temperature ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) DO l = 0, 3 ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pt_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ENDDO ! !-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays !-- Horizontal surfaces ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%alpha_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%gamma_w_sat(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%g_d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lai(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%l_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_fc(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_res(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_sat(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%m_wilt(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%n_vg(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%pave_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_a(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_s(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%soil_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%veg_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) ) surf_lsm_h%water_surface = .FALSE. surf_lsm_h%pave_surface = .FALSE. ! !-- Vertical surfaces DO l = 0, 3 ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%alpha_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%building_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_liq(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%c_veg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%f_sw_in(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%ghf_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%gamma_w_sat(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%g_d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lai(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%l_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_u(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%lambda_surface_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_fc(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_res(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_sat(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%m_wilt(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%n_vg(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%pave_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_soil_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_liq_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%qsws_veg_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%rad_net_l(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_a(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_soil_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_s(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%r_canopy_min(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%shf_eb(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%soil_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%veg_type_2d(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) ALLOCATE ( surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface(1:surf_lsm_v(l)%ns) ) surf_lsm_v(l)%water_surface = .FALSE. surf_lsm_v(l)%pave_surface = .FALSE. ENDDO #if ! defined( __nopointer ) ! !-- Initial assignment of the pointers !-- Horizontal surfaces t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2 t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2 m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2 m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_1; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_2 ! !-- Vertical surfaces t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2 t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2 m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2 m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_1; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_2 #endif END SUBROUTINE lsm_init_arrays !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Parin for &lsmpar for land surface model !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_parin IMPLICIT NONE CHARACTER (LEN=80) :: line !< dummy string that contains the current line of the parameter file NAMELIST /lsm_par/ alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, & canopy_resistance_coefficient, & conserve_water_content, & f_shortwave_incoming, field_capacity, & aero_resist_kray, hydraulic_conductivity, & lambda_surface_stable, & lambda_surface_unstable, leaf_area_index, & l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, & min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, & pave_depth, pave_heat_capacity, & pave_heat_conductivity, & residual_moisture, root_fraction, & saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, & soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, & vegetation_coverage, veg_type, wilting_point,& zs, z0_eb, z0h_eb, z0q_eb line = ' ' ! !-- Try to find land surface model package REWIND ( 11 ) line = ' ' DO WHILE ( INDEX( line, '&lsm_par' ) == 0 ) READ ( 11, '(A)', END=10 ) line ENDDO BACKSPACE ( 11 ) ! !-- Read user-defined namelist READ ( 11, lsm_par ) ! !-- Set flag that indicates that the land surface model is switched on land_surface = .TRUE. 10 CONTINUE END SUBROUTINE lsm_parin !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil !> temperature and water content. !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model( horizontal, l ) IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< surface-data type index indication facing INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index LOGICAL :: horizontal !< flag indication horizontal wall, required to set pointer accordingly REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda tend !< tendency TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_m_soil_p TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_t_soil_p TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tm_soil_m TYPE(surf_type_lsm), POINTER :: surf_tt_soil_m TYPE(surf_type), POINTER :: surf !< surface-date type variable IF ( horizontal ) THEN surf => surf_lsm_h surf_m_soil => m_soil_h surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_h_p surf_t_soil => t_soil_h surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_h_p surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_h_m surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_h_m ELSE surf => surf_lsm_v(l) surf_m_soil => m_soil_v(l) surf_m_soil_p => m_soil_v_p(l) surf_t_soil => t_soil_v(l) surf_t_soil_p => t_soil_v_p(l) surf_tm_soil_m => tm_soil_v_m(l) surf_tt_soil_m => tt_soil_v_m(l) ENDIF DO m = 1, surf%ns IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN surf%rho_c_total(nzb_soil,m) = pave_heat_capacity lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity ENDIF IF ( .NOT. surf%water_surface(m) ) THEN DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = pave_heat_capacity lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity ELSE ! !-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking !-- into account water content surf%rho_c_total(k,m) = (rho_c_soil * & ( 1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(m) )& + rho_c_water * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) ! !-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil !-- layers lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm**(1.0_wp - surf%m_sat(m)) *& lambda_h_water ** surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10( MAX( 0.1_wp, surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) / & surf%m_sat(m) ) ) lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + & lambda_h_dry ENDIF ENDDO ! !-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level !-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the !-- true pavement depth is considered DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1 IF ( surf%pave_surface(m) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth & .AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1)& * lambda_temp(k) & + ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) & / dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1) ELSE surf%lambda_h(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) )& * 0.5_wp ENDIF ENDDO surf%lambda_h(nzt_soil,m) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil) ! !-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil tend(:) = 0.0_wp tend(nzb_soil) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(nzb_soil,m) ) *& ( surf%lambda_h(nzb_soil,m) * ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) & - surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) & + surf%ghf_eb(m) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil) DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil tend(k) = ( 1.0_wp / surf%rho_c_total(k,m) ) & * ( surf%lambda_h(k,m) & * ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) & * ddz_soil(k+1) & - surf%lambda_h(k-1,m) & * ( surf_t_soil%var_2d(k,m) - surf_t_soil%var_2d(k-1,m) ) & * ddz_soil(k) & ) * ddz_soil_stag(k) ENDDO surf_t_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_t_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) & + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) & * tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) & + tsc(3) & * surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) ) ! !-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k) ENDDO ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < & intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp & * surf_tt_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) ENDDO ENDIF ENDIF DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil ! !-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * psi_sat & / surf%m_sat(m) ) * ( MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), & surf%m_wilt(m) ) / surf%m_sat(m) )**(& b_ch + 2.0_wp ) ! !-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN ! !-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten !-- (1980) h_vg = ( ( ( surf%m_res(m) - surf%m_sat(m) ) / & ( surf%m_res(m) - & MAX( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m), surf%m_wilt(m) ) & ) & )**( & surf%n_vg(m) / ( surf%n_vg(m) - 1.0_wp ) & ) - 1.0_wp & )**( 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(m) ) / surf%alpha_vg(m) gamma_temp(k) = surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * ( ( ( 1.0_wp + & ( surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg )**surf%n_vg(m)& )**( & 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / surf%n_vg(m)) - ( & surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg )**( surf%n_vg(m)& - 1.0_wp) )**2 ) & / ( ( 1.0_wp + ( surf%alpha_vg(m) * h_vg & )**surf%n_vg(m) )**( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp & / surf%n_vg(m) ) * & ( surf%l_vg(m) + 2.0_wp) ) ) ! !-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger ELSE gamma_temp(k) = surf%gamma_w_sat(m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) & / surf%m_sat(m) )**(2.0_wp * b_ch + 3.0_wp) ENDIF ENDDO ! !-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed, !-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type !-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below). IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. surf%pave_surface(m) ) THEN ! !-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level !-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with !-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81 DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1 surf%lambda_w(k,m) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + & lambda_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp surf%gamma_w(k,m) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + & gamma_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp ENDDO ! ! !-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved), !-- set hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be !-- lost in the bottom layer. IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = 0.0_wp ELSE surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil) ENDIF !-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l !-- * l_v)) ensures the mass conservation for water. The !-- transpiration of plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by !-- the roots in the soil. The scheme takes into account the !-- availability of water in the soil layers as well as the root !-- fraction in the respective layer. Layer with moisture below !-- wilting point will not contribute, which reflects the !-- preference of plants to take water from moister layers. ! !-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of !-- root_extr = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a !-- positive transpiration, so that there is no need for an !-- additional check. m_total = 0.0_wp DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(m) ) THEN m_total = m_total + surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) ENDIF ENDDO IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil IF ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) > surf%m_wilt(m) ) THEN root_extr(k) = surf%root_fr(k,m) * surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) & / m_total ELSE root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp ENDIF ENDDO ENDIF ! !-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil_h. tend(:) = 0.0_wp tend(nzb_soil) = ( surf%lambda_w(nzb_soil,m) * ( & surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil+1,m) - surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil,m) ) & * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - surf%gamma_w(nzb_soil,m) - & ( & root_extr(nzb_soil) * surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) & + surf%qsws_soil_eb(m) ) * drho_l_lv ) & * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil) DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1 tend(k) = ( surf%lambda_w(k,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k+1,m) & - surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) & - surf%gamma_w(k,m) & - surf%lambda_w(k-1,m) * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(k,m) - & surf_m_soil%var_2d(k-1,m)) * ddz_soil(k) & + surf%gamma_w(k-1,m) - (root_extr(k) & * surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) * drho_l_lv) & ) * ddz_soil_stag(k) ENDDO tend(nzt_soil) = ( - surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil,m) & - surf%lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,m) & * ( surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil,m) & - surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzt_soil-1,m)) & * ddz_soil(nzt_soil) & + surf%gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,m) - ( & root_extr(nzt_soil) & * surf%qsws_veg_eb(m) * drho_l_lv ) & ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) = surf_m_soil%var_2d(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,m) & + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) & + tsc(3) * surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(:,m) ) ! !-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil IF ( surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) < 0.0_wp ) surf_m_soil_p%var_2d(k,m) = 0.0_wp ENDDO ! !-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = tend(k) ENDDO ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < & intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp & * surf_tm_soil_m%var_2d(k,m) ENDDO ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDIF ENDDO END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Swapping of timelevels !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count ) IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count #if defined( __nopointer ) ! !-- Horizontal surfaces t_surface_h = t_surface_h_p t_soil_h = t_soil_h_p IF ( humidity ) THEN m_soil_h = m_soil_h_p m_liq_eb_h = m_liq_eb_h_p ENDIF ! !-- Vertical surfaces t_surface_v = t_surface_v_p t_soil_v = t_soil_v_p IF ( humidity ) THEN m_soil_v = m_soil_v_p m_liq_eb_v = m_liq_eb_v_p ENDIF #else SELECT CASE ( mod_count ) CASE ( 0 ) ! !-- Horizontal surfaces t_surface_h => t_surface_h_1; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_2 t_soil_h => t_soil_h_1; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_2 IF ( humidity ) THEN m_soil_h => m_soil_h_1; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_2 m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_1; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_2 ENDIF ! !-- Vertical surfaces t_surface_v => t_surface_v_1; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_2 t_soil_v => t_soil_v_1; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_2 IF ( humidity ) THEN m_soil_v => m_soil_v_1; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_2 m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_1; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_2 ENDIF CASE ( 1 ) ! !-- Horizontal surfaces t_surface_h => t_surface_h_2; t_surface_h_p => t_surface_h_1 t_soil_h => t_soil_h_2; t_soil_h_p => t_soil_h_1 IF ( humidity ) THEN m_soil_h => m_soil_h_2; m_soil_h_p => m_soil_h_1 m_liq_eb_h => m_liq_eb_h_2; m_liq_eb_h_p => m_liq_eb_h_1 ENDIF ! !-- Vertical surfaces t_surface_v => t_surface_v_2; t_surface_v_p => t_surface_v_1 t_soil_v => t_soil_v_2; t_soil_v_p => t_soil_v_1 IF ( humidity ) THEN m_soil_v => m_soil_v_2; m_soil_v_p => m_soil_v_1 m_liq_eb_v => m_liq_eb_v_2; m_liq_eb_v_p => m_liq_eb_v_1 ENDIF END SELECT #endif END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Subroutine for averaging 3D data !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging( mode, variable ) USE control_parameters USE indices USE kinds IMPLICIT NONE CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !< CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index IF ( mode == 'allocate' ) THEN SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) ) CASE ( 'c_liq*' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF c_liq_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 'c_soil*' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF c_soil_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 'c_veg*' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF c_veg_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF ghf_eb_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 'lai*' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF lai_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF m_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 'm_soil' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF m_soil_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF qsws_eb_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF qsws_liq_eb_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF qsws_soil_eb_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF qsws_veg_eb_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 'r_a*' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_a_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( r_a_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF r_a_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 'r_s*' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( r_s_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( r_s_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF r_s_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 'shf_eb*' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF shf_eb_av = 0.0_wp CASE ( 't_soil' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF t_soil_av = 0.0_wp CASE DEFAULT CONTINUE END SELECT ELSEIF ( mode == 'sum' ) THEN SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) ) CASE ( 'c_liq*' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m) ENDDO CASE ( 'c_soil*' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) + (1.0 - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m)) ENDDO CASE ( 'c_veg*' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m) ENDDO CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(m) ENDDO CASE ( 'lai*' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%lai(m) ENDDO CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) + m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(m) ENDDO CASE ( 'm_soil' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) + m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(m) ENDDO CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) + & surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(m) ENDDO CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) + & surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(m) ENDDO CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) + & surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(m) ENDDO CASE ( 'r_a*' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_a(m) ENDDO CASE ( 'r_s*' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%r_s(m) ENDDO CASE ( 'shf_eb*' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) shf_eb_av(j,i) = shf_eb_av(j,i) + surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(m) ENDDO CASE ( 't_soil' ) DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) + t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) ENDDO ENDDO CASE DEFAULT CONTINUE END SELECT ELSEIF ( mode == 'average' ) THEN SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) ) CASE ( 'c_liq*' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn c_liq_av(j,i) = c_liq_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 'c_soil*' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn c_soil_av(j,i) = c_soil_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 'c_veg*' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn c_veg_av(j,i) = c_veg_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 'ghf_eb*' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn ghf_eb_av(j,i) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 'lai*' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn lai_av(j,i) = lai_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn m_liq_eb_av(j,i) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 'm_soil' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil m_soil_av(k,j,i) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 'qsws_eb*' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn qsws_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 'r_a*' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn r_a_av(j,i) = r_a_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 'r_s*' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn r_s_av(j,i) = r_s_av(j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO CASE ( 't_soil' ) DO i = nxl, nxr DO j = nys, nyn DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil t_soil_av(k,j,i) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) / REAL( average_count_3d, KIND=wp ) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ! !-- END SELECT ENDIF END SUBROUTINE lsm_3d_data_averaging !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Subroutine defining appropriate grid for netcdf variables. !> It is called out from subroutine netcdf. !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid( var, found, grid_x, grid_y, grid_z ) IMPLICIT NONE CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(IN) :: var !< LOGICAL, INTENT(OUT) :: found !< CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_x !< CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_y !< CHARACTER (LEN=*), INTENT(OUT) :: grid_z !< found = .TRUE. ! !-- Check for the grid SELECT CASE ( TRIM( var ) ) CASE ( 'm_soil', 't_soil', 'm_soil_xy', 't_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', & 't_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz', 't_soil_yz' ) grid_x = 'x' grid_y = 'y' grid_z = 'zs' CASE DEFAULT found = .FALSE. grid_x = 'none' grid_y = 'none' grid_z = 'none' END SELECT END SUBROUTINE lsm_define_netcdf_grid !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Subroutine defining 3D output variables !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d( av, variable, found, grid, mode, local_pf, & two_d, nzb_do, nzt_do ) USE indices USE kinds IMPLICIT NONE CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: grid !< CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: mode !< CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: nzb_do !< INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_do !< LOGICAL :: found !< LOGICAL :: two_d !< flag parameter that indicates 2D variables (horizontal cross sections) REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb:nzt+1) :: local_pf !< found = .TRUE. SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) ) ! !-- Before data is transfered to local_pf, transfer is it 2D dummy variable and exchange ghost points therein. !-- However, at this point this is only required for instantaneous arrays, time-averaged quantities are already exchanged. CASE ( 'c_liq*_xy' ) ! 2d-array IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_liq(m) * surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m) ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_liq_av(j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF two_d = .TRUE. grid = 'zu1' CASE ( 'c_soil*_xy' ) ! 2d-array IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = 1.0_wp - surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m) ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_soil_av(j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF two_d = .TRUE. grid = 'zu1' CASE ( 'c_veg*_xy' ) ! 2d-array IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%c_veg(m) ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = c_veg_av(j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF two_d = .TRUE. grid = 'zu1' CASE ( 'ghf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%ghf_eb(m) ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = ghf_eb_av(j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF two_d = .TRUE. grid = 'zu1' CASE ( 'lai*_xy' ) ! 2d-array IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%lai(m) ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = lai_av(j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF two_d = .TRUE. grid = 'zu1' CASE ( 'm_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(m) ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = m_liq_eb_av(j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF two_d = .TRUE. grid = 'zu1' CASE ( 'm_soil_xy', 'm_soil_xz', 'm_soil_yz' ) IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) ENDDO ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF nzb_do = nzb_soil nzt_do = nzt_soil IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs' CASE ( 'qsws_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_eb(m) ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_eb_av(j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF two_d = .TRUE. grid = 'zu1' CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_liq_eb(m) ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_liq_eb_av(j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF two_d = .TRUE. grid = 'zu1' CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_soil_eb(m) ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_soil_eb_av(j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF two_d = .TRUE. grid = 'zu1' CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%qsws_veg_eb(m) ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = qsws_veg_eb_av(j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF two_d = .TRUE. grid = 'zu1' CASE ( 'r_a*_xy' ) ! 2d-array IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_a(m) ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_a_av(j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF two_d = .TRUE. grid = 'zu1' CASE ( 'r_s*_xy' ) ! 2d-array IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%r_s(m) ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = r_s_av(j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF two_d = .TRUE. grid = 'zu1' CASE ( 'shf_eb*_xy' ) ! 2d-array IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = surf_lsm_h%shf_eb(m) ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng local_pf(i,j,nzb+1) = shf_eb_av(j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF two_d = .TRUE. grid = 'zu1' CASE ( 't_soil_xy', 't_soil_xz', 't_soil_yz' ) IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) ENDDO ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF nzb_do = nzb_soil nzt_do = nzt_soil IF ( mode == 'xy' ) grid = 'zs' CASE DEFAULT found = .FALSE. grid = 'none' END SELECT END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_2d !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Subroutine defining 3D output variables !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d( av, variable, found, local_pf ) USE indices USE kinds IMPLICIT NONE CHARACTER (LEN=*) :: variable !< INTEGER(iwp) :: av !< INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index LOGICAL :: found !< REAL(sp), DIMENSION(nxlg:nxrg,nysg:nyng,nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: local_pf !< found = .TRUE. SELECT CASE ( TRIM( variable ) ) ! !-- Requires 3D exchange CASE ( 'm_soil' ) IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) ENDDO ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil local_pf(i,j,k) = m_soil_av(k,j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF CASE ( 't_soil' ) IF ( av == 0 ) THEN DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_h%var_2d(k,m) ENDDO ENDDO ELSE DO i = nxlg, nxrg DO j = nysg, nyng DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil local_pf(i,j,k) = t_soil_av(k,j,i) ENDDO ENDDO ENDDO ENDIF CASE DEFAULT found = .FALSE. END SELECT END SUBROUTINE lsm_data_output_3d !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Write restart data for land surface model !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions USE control_parameters USE kinds IMPLICIT NONE IF ( write_binary(1:4) == 'true' ) THEN IF ( ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_liq_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_liq_av ENDIF IF ( ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_soil_av ENDIF IF ( ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN WRITE ( 14 ) 'c_veg_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) c_veg_av ENDIF IF ( ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN WRITE ( 14 ) 'ghf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) ghf_eb_av ENDIF IF ( ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN WRITE ( 14 ) 'lai_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) lai_av ENDIF WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_h%var_1d IF ( ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_liq_eb_av ENDIF WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_h%var_2d IF ( ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN WRITE ( 14 ) 'm_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) m_soil_av ENDIF IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_eb_av ENDIF IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_liq_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_liq_eb_av ENDIF IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_soil_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_soil_eb_av ENDIF IF ( ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN WRITE ( 14 ) 'qsws_veg_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) qsws_veg_eb_av ENDIF IF ( ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN WRITE ( 14 ) 'shf_eb_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) shf_eb_av ENDIF WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_h%var_2d IF ( ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN WRITE ( 14 ) 't_soil_av '; WRITE ( 14 ) t_soil_av ENDIF WRITE ( 14 ) '*** end lsm *** ' ENDIF END SUBROUTINE lsm_last_actions SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data( i, nxlfa, nxl_on_file, nxrfa, nxr_on_file, & nynfa, nyn_on_file, nysfa, nys_on_file, & offset_xa, offset_ya, overlap_count, & tmp_2d ) USE control_parameters USE indices USE kinds USE pegrid IMPLICIT NONE CHARACTER (LEN=20) :: field_char !< INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlc !< INTEGER(iwp) :: nxlf !< INTEGER(iwp) :: nxl_on_file !< INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrc !< INTEGER(iwp) :: nxrf !< INTEGER(iwp) :: nxr_on_file !< INTEGER(iwp) :: nync !< INTEGER(iwp) :: nynf !< INTEGER(iwp) :: nyn_on_file !< INTEGER(iwp) :: nysc !< INTEGER(iwp) :: nysf !< INTEGER(iwp) :: nys_on_file !< INTEGER(iwp) :: overlap_count !< INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxlfa !< INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nxrfa !< INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nynfa !< INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: nysfa !< INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_xa !< INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(numprocs_previous_run,1000) :: offset_ya !< REAL(wp), & DIMENSION(nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::& tmp_2d !< REAL(wp), & DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::& tmp_3d !< REAL(wp), & DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nys_on_file-nbgp:nyn_on_file+nbgp,nxl_on_file-nbgp:nxr_on_file+nbgp) ::& tmp_3d2 !< REAL(wp), & DIMENSION(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: & tmp_walltype_1d !< REAL(wp), & DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: & tmp_walltype_2d !< REAL(wp), & DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) :: & tmp_walltype_2d2 !< IF ( initializing_actions == 'read_restart_data' ) THEN READ ( 13 ) field_char DO WHILE ( TRIM( field_char ) /= '*** end lsm ***' ) DO k = 1, overlap_count nxlf = nxlfa(i,k) nxlc = nxlfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k) nxrf = nxrfa(i,k) nxrc = nxrfa(i,k) + offset_xa(i,k) nysf = nysfa(i,k) nysc = nysfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k) nynf = nynfa(i,k) nync = nynfa(i,k) + offset_ya(i,k) SELECT CASE ( TRIM( field_char ) ) CASE ( 'c_liq_av' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_liq_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( c_liq_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d c_liq_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = & tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp) CASE ( 'c_soil_av' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_soil_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( c_soil_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d c_soil_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = & tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp) CASE ( 'c_veg_av' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( c_veg_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( c_veg_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d c_veg_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = & tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp) CASE ( 'ghf_eb_av' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( ghf_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( ghf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d ghf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = & tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp) CASE ( 'm_liq_eb' ) IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_1d !tmp_2d m_liq_eb_h%var_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = & tmp_walltype_1d(1:surf_lsm_h%ns) CASE ( 'lai_av' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( lai_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( lai_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d lai_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = & tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp) CASE ( 'm_liq_eb_av' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( m_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d m_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = & tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp) CASE ( 'm_soil' ) IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d2(:,:) m_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = & tmp_walltype_2d2(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) CASE ( 'm_soil_av' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( m_soil_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( m_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:) m_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = & tmp_3d2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysf & -nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp) CASE ( 'qsws_eb_av' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( qsws_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d qsws_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = & tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp) CASE ( 'qsws_liq_eb_av' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_liq_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( qsws_liq_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d qsws_liq_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = & tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp) CASE ( 'qsws_soil_eb_av' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_soil_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( qsws_soil_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d qsws_soil_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = & tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp) CASE ( 'qsws_veg_eb_av' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( qsws_veg_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( qsws_veg_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d qsws_veg_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = & tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp) CASE ( 'shf_eb_av' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( shf_eb_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( shf_eb_av(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_2d shf_eb_av(nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = & tmp_2d(nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp,nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp) CASE ( 't_soil' ) IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_walltype_2d(:,:) t_soil_h%var_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) = & tmp_walltype_2d(:,1:surf_lsm_h%ns) CASE ( 't_soil_av' ) IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( t_soil_av ) ) THEN ALLOCATE( t_soil_av(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) ) ENDIF IF ( k == 1 ) READ ( 13 ) tmp_3d2(:,:,:) t_soil_av(:,nysc-nbgp:nync+nbgp,nxlc-nbgp:nxrc+nbgp) = & tmp_3d2(:,nysf-nbgp:nynf+nbgp, & nxlf-nbgp:nxrf+nbgp) CASE DEFAULT WRITE( message_string, * ) 'unknown variable named "', & TRIM( field_char ), '" found in', & '&data from prior run on PE ', myid CALL message( 'lsm_read_restart_data', 'PA0302', 1, 2, 0, 6, & 0 ) END SELECT ENDDO READ ( 13 ) field_char ENDDO ENDIF END SUBROUTINE lsm_read_restart_data !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! ! Description: ! ------------ !> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The !> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations !> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al. !> 2012) !------------------------------------------------------------------------------! SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface USE control_parameters, & ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF ! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number) ! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization ! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns i = surf_lsm_h%i(m) j = surf_lsm_h%j(m) IF ( surf_lsm_h%water_surface(m) ) THEN ! !-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock !-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch !-- length ! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity ! ! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), & ! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g ) ! ! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) ) ! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) ) ! !-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2 ! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN ! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) ) ! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) ) ! ENDIF ! !-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low !-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and !-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the !-- Charnock relation is used. surf_lsm_h%z0(m) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / & surf_lsm_h%us(m) ) & + ( alpha_ch * surf_lsm_h%us(m)**2 / g ) surf_lsm_h%z0h(m) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / & surf_lsm_h%us(m) surf_lsm_h%z0q(m) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / & surf_lsm_h%us(m) ENDIF ENDDO END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface END MODULE land_surface_model_mod