Home

Context Navigation

source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model.f90 @ 1788

Last change on this file since 1788 was 1788, checked in by maronga, 8 years ago
added support for water and paved surfaced in land surface model / minor changes
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 85.6 KB

Rev	Line
[1682]	1	!> @file land_surface_model.f90
[1496]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
	6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
	7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	8	!
	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	12	!
	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	15	!
[1691]	16	! Copyright 1997-2015 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1496]	17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	18	!
	19	! Current revisions:
	20	! -----------------
[1788]	21	! Bugfix: calculate lambda_surface based on temperature gradient between skin
	22	! layer and soil layer instead of Obukhov length
	23	! Changed: moved calculation of surface specific humidity to energy balance solver
	24	! New: water surfaces are available by using a fixed sea surface temperature.
	25	! The roughness lengths are calculated dynamically using the Charnock
	26	! parameterization. This involves the new roughness length for moisture z0q.
	27	! New: modified solution of the energy balance solver and soil model for
	28	! paved surfaces (i.e. asphalt concrete).
	29	! Syntax layout improved.
	30	! Changed: parameter dewfall removed.
[1758]	31	!
	32	! Former revisions:
	33	! -----------------
	34	! $Id: land_surface_model.f90 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga $
	35	!
[1784]	36	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
	37	! netcdf variables moved to netcdf module
	38	!
[1758]	39	! 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga
[1757]	40	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
	41	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
	42	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
	43	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
	44	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
[1710]	45	!
	46	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
[1709]	47	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
	48	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
	49	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
	50	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
	51	! Added todo action
[1698]	52	!
	53	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	54	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
	55	!
	56	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
[1692]	57	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
[1696]	58	! Replaced rif with ol
	59	!
[1692]	60	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
[1691]	61	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
	62	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
	63	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
	64	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
[1552]	65	!
[1683]	66	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	67	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	68	!
[1591]	69	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
	70	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
	71	!
[1586]	72	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
	73	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
	74	!
[1572]	75	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
	76	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
	77	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
	78	!
[1556]	79	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
	80	! Added output of r_a and r_s
	81	!
[1554]	82	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
	83	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
	84	! profile
	85	!
[1552]	86	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
[1551]	87	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
	88	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
	89	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
	90	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
	91	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
	92	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
	93	! calculation
[1496]	94	!
[1514]	95	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
[1496]	96	!
[1501]	97	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
	98	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
	99	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
	100	! Added support for dry runs.
	101	!
[1497]	102	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	103	! Initial revision
	104	!
[1496]	105	!
	106	! Description:
	107	! ------------
[1682]	108	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
	109	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
	110	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
	111	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
	112	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
	113	!>
[1691]	114	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
[1709]	115	!> skin layer.
[1788]	116	!> @todo Improve surface water parameterization
[1691]	117	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
	118	!> nzt_soil=3)).
	119	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
	120	!> with considerable precipitation.
[1709]	121	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
[1682]	122	!>
[1709]	123	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
	124	!> become too thin.
[1496]	125	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	126	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
	127
[1691]	128	USE arrays_3d, &
[1788]	129	ONLY: hyp, ol, pt, pt_p, q, q_p, ql, qsws, shf, ts, us, vpt, z0, z0h, &
	130	z0q
[1496]	131
[1691]	132	USE cloud_parameters, &
	133	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, prr, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
[1496]	134
[1691]	135	USE control_parameters, &
	136	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
	137	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	138	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, rho_surface, &
	139	roughness_length, surface_pressure, timestep_scheme, tsc, &
	140	z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
[1496]	141
[1691]	142	USE indices, &
	143	ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner
[1496]	144
[1691]	145	USE kinds
[1496]	146
[1691]	147	USE pegrid
[1496]	148
[1691]	149	USE radiation_model_mod, &
	150	ONLY: force_radiation_call, radiation_scheme, rad_net, rad_sw_in, &
[1757]	151	rad_lw_out, rad_lw_out_change_0, sigma_sb, &
	152	unscheduled_radiation_calls
[1691]	153
	154	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
	155	USE radiation_model_mod, &
[1709]	156	ONLY: rrtm_idrv
[1691]	157	#endif
[1496]	158
[1691]	159	USE statistics, &
	160	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
	161
[1496]	162	IMPLICIT NONE
	163
	164	!
	165	!-- LSM model constants
[1682]	166	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
	167	nzt_soil = 3, & !< top of the soil model (to be switched)
	168	nzs = 4 !< number of soil layers (fixed for now)
[1496]	169
	170	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
[1551]	171	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
	172	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
[1496]	173	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
	174	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
	175	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
[1551]	176	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
	177	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
[1496]	178	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
	179
	180
	181	!
	182	!-- LSM variables
[1788]	183	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !< NAMELIST veg_type_2d
	184	soil_type = 3 !< NAMELIST soil_type_2d
[1496]	185
[1788]	186	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: soil_type_2d, & !< soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-7: generic (see list)
	187	veg_type_2d !< vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
	188
	189	LOGICAL, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: water_surface, & !< flag parameter for water surfaces (classes 14+15)
	190	pave_surface, & !< flag parameter for pavements (asphalt etc.) (class 20)
	191	building_surface !< flag parameter indicating that the surface element is covered by buildings (no LSM actions, not implemented yet)
	192
[1691]	193	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
	194	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag parameter for unscheduled radiation model calls
	195	land_surface = .FALSE. !< flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
[1496]	196
	197	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
	198	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
[1682]	199	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
	200	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
	201	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
	202	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
	203	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
	204	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
	205	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
	206	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
	207	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
	208	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
[1691]	209	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
[1682]	210	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
	211	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
	212	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
	213	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
	214	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
	215	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
	216	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
	217	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
[1788]	218	pave_depth = 9999999.9_wp, & !< depth of the pavement
	219	pave_heat_capacity = 1.94E6_wp, & !< volumetric heat capacity of pavement (e.g. roads)
	220	pave_heat_conductivity = 1.00_wp, & !< heat conductivity for pavements (e.g. roads)
[1682]	221	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
	222	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
	223	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
	224	rho_lv, & !< rho * l_v
	225	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
	226	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
[1691]	227	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
[1682]	228	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
	229	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
	230	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
[1788]	231	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
	232	z0q_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0q (lsm_par)
[1496]	233
[1551]	234	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
[1691]	235	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
	236	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
	237	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !< root extraction
[1551]	238	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
[1682]	239	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
	240	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !< soil layer depths (m)
	241	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !< soil moisture content (m3/m3)
[1496]	242
[1551]	243	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
[1691]	244	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & !< soil temperature (K)
	245	283.0_wp /), &
	246	ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
	247	dz_soil !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
[1496]	248
	249	#if defined( __nopointer )
[1682]	250	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !< surface temperature (K)
	251	t_surface_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K)
	252	m_liq_eb, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
	253	m_liq_eb_av, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
	254	m_liq_eb_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
[1496]	255	#else
[1551]	256	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
	257	t_surface_p, &
	258	m_liq_eb, &
	259	m_liq_eb_p
[1496]	260
[1551]	261	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
	262	m_liq_eb_av, &
	263	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
[1496]	264	#endif
	265
	266	!
	267	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
[1682]	268	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !< surface temperature tendency (K)
	269	tm_liq_eb_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
[1496]	270
	271	!
	272	!-- Energy balance variables
[1691]	273	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1682]	274	alpha_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
	275	c_liq, & !< liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
	276	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
	277	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
	278	c_veg, & !< vegetation coverage
	279	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
	280	f_sw_in, & !< fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
	281	ghf_eb, & !< ground heat flux
	282	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
	283	gamma_w_sat, & !< hydraulic conductivity at saturation
	284	g_d, & !< coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
	285	lai, & !< leaf area index
	286	lai_av, & !< average of lai
[1691]	287	lambda_surface_s, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
	288	lambda_surface_u, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
[1682]	289	l_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
	290	m_fc, & !< soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
	291	m_res, & !< residual soil moisture
	292	m_sat, & !< saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
	293	m_wilt, & !< soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
	294	n_vg, & !< coef. Van Genuchten
	295	qsws_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (total)
	296	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
	297	qsws_liq_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
	298	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
	299	qsws_soil_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
	300	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
	301	qsws_veg_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
	302	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
	303	rad_net_l, & !< local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface)
	304	r_a, & !< aerodynamic resistance
[1709]	305	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
[1682]	306	r_canopy, & !< canopy resistance
[1691]	307	r_soil, & !< soil resistance
[1682]	308	r_soil_min, & !< minimum soil resistance
	309	r_s, & !< total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
[1691]	310	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
[1682]	311	r_canopy_min, & !< minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
	312	shf_eb, & !< surface flux of sensible heat
	313	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
[1496]	314
[1691]	315
[1496]	316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1788]	317	lambda_h, & !< heat conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
[1682]	318	lambda_w, & !< hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
[1788]	319	gamma_w, & !< hydraulic conductivity of soil (W/m/K)
[1682]	320	rho_c_total !< volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
[1496]	321
	322	#if defined( __nopointer )
	323	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
[1682]	324	t_soil, & !< Soil temperature (K)
	325	t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
	326	t_soil_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K)
	327	m_soil, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3)
	328	m_soil_av, & !< Average of m_soil
	329	m_soil_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
[1496]	330	#else
	331	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
[1551]	332	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
[1496]	333	m_soil, m_soil_p
	334
	335	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
[1551]	336	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
	337	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
[1496]	338	#endif
	339
	340
	341	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1757]	342	tt_soil_m, & !< t_soil storage array
	343	tm_soil_m, & !< m_soil storage array
[1682]	344	root_fr !< root fraction (sum=1)
[1496]	345
[1551]	346
[1496]	347	!
[1551]	348	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
[1788]	349	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:20), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
[1590]	350	'user defined ', & ! 0
	351	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
	352	'short grass ', & ! 2
[1585]	353	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
	354	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
[1590]	355	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
	356	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
	357	'tall grass ', & ! 7
	358	'desert ', & ! 8
	359	'tundra ', & ! 9
	360	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
	361	'semidesert ', & ! 11
	362	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
	363	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
	364	'inland water ', & ! 14
	365	'ocean ', & ! 15
	366	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
	367	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
	368	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
[1788]	369	'interrupted forest ', & ! 19
	370	'pavements/roads ' & ! 20
[1585]	371	/)
[1496]	372
	373	!
[1551]	374	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
[1585]	375	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
	376	'user defined', & ! 0
[1590]	377	'coarse ', & ! 1
	378	'medium ', & ! 2
	379	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
	380	'fine ', & ! 4
	381	'very fine ', & ! 5
	382	'organic ', & ! 6
	383	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
[1585]	384	/)
[1551]	385	!
	386	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
	387
	388	!
	389	!-- Land surface parameters I
	390	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
[1788]	391	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1585]	392	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
	393	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
	394	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
	395	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
	396	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
	397	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
	398	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
	399	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	400	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
	401	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
	402	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
	403	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	404	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
	405	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	406	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	407	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
	408	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
	409	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
[1788]	410	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
	411	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
	412	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
[1496]	413
	414	!
[1788]	415	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h, z0q
	416	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
	417	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
	418	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
	419	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
	420	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
	421	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
	422	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
	423	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
	424	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
	425	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
	426	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
	427	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
	428	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
	429	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
	430	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	431	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	432	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
	433	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
	434	2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18
	435	1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, 1.10E-2_wp, & ! 19
	436	1.0E-4_wp, 1.0E-5_wp, 1.0E-5_wp & ! 20
	437	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
[1496]	438
	439	!
[1551]	440	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
[1788]	441	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:20), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1585]	442	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
	443	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
	444	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
	445	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
	446	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
	447	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
	448	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
	449	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	450	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
	451	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
	452	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
	453	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	454	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
[1788]	455	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	456	1.0E10_wp, 1.0E10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
[1585]	457	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
	458	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
	459	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
[1788]	460	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 19
	461	0.0_wp, 0.0_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
	462	/), (/ 3, 20 /) )
[1496]	463
	464	!
	465	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
[1788]	466	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:20), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1585]	467	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
	468	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
	469	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
	470	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
	471	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
	472	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
	473	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
	474	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	475	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
	476	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
	477	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
	478	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	479	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
	480	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	481	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	482	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
	483	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
	484	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
[1788]	485	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 19
	486	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp & ! 20
	487	/), (/ 4, 20 /) )
[1496]	488
	489	!
	490	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
[1551]	491
[1496]	492	!
[1551]	493	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
[1585]	494	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1496]	495	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
	496	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
	497	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
	498	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
	499	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
[1551]	500	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
	501	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
	502	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
[1496]	503
	504	!
	505	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
[1585]	506	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1496]	507	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
	508	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
	509	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
	510	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
	511	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
[1551]	512	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
	513	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
	514	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
[1496]	515
	516
	517	SAVE
	518
	519
	520	PRIVATE
	521
	522
[1551]	523	!
	524	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
	525	PUBLIC alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
[1788]	526	conserve_water_content, field_capacity, &
[1551]	527	f_shortwave_incoming, hydraulic_conductivity, init_lsm, &
	528	init_lsm_arrays, lambda_surface_stable, lambda_surface_unstable, &
	529	land_surface, leaf_area_index, lsm_energy_balance, lsm_soil_model, &
	530	lsm_swap_timelevel, l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
[1788]	531	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, pave_heat_capacity, &
	532	pave_depth, pave_heat_conductivity, residual_moisture, rho_cp, &
[1691]	533	rho_lv, root_fraction, saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
	534	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, soil_type_name, &
	535	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, veg_type_name, wilting_point, z0_eb, &
[1788]	536	z0h_eb, z0q_eb
[1496]	537
[1551]	538	!
[1783]	539	!-- Public grid variables
	540	PUBLIC nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil, zs
[1496]	541
[1551]	542	!
	543	!-- Public 2D output variables
	544	PUBLIC c_liq, c_liq_av, c_soil_av, c_veg, c_veg_av, ghf_eb, ghf_eb_av, &
	545	lai, lai_av, qsws_eb, qsws_eb_av, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_liq_eb_av, &
	546	qsws_soil_eb, qsws_soil_eb_av, qsws_veg_eb, qsws_veg_eb_av, &
[1555]	547	r_a, r_a_av, r_s, r_s_av, shf_eb, shf_eb_av
[1551]	548
	549	!
	550	!-- Public prognostic variables
	551	PUBLIC m_liq_eb, m_liq_eb_av, m_soil, m_soil_av, t_soil, t_soil_av
	552
[1496]	553	INTERFACE init_lsm
	554	MODULE PROCEDURE init_lsm
	555	END INTERFACE init_lsm
	556
	557	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
	558	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
	559	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
	560
	561	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
	562	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
	563	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
	564
[1551]	565	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
	566	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
	567	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
[1496]	568
	569	CONTAINS
	570
	571
	572	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	573	! Description:
	574	! ------------
[1682]	575	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
[1496]	576	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1551]	577	SUBROUTINE init_lsm_arrays
[1496]	578
	579
	580	IMPLICIT NONE
	581
	582	!
[1551]	583	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
[1496]	584	#if defined( __nopointer )
[1551]	585	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	586	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	587	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	588	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	589	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	590	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	591	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	592	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	593	#else
[1551]	594	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	595	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	596	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	597	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	598	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	599	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	600	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	601	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	602	#endif
	603
	604	!
[1551]	605	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
	606	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	607	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	608	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	609	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	610
	611	!
	612	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
[1551]	613	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1788]	614	ALLOCATE ( building_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	615	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	616	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	617	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	618	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	619	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	620	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	621	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	622	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	623	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	624	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	625	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	626	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	627	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	628	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	629	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1788]	630	ALLOCATE ( pave_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	631	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	632	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	633	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	634	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1585]	635	ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	636	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	637	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	638	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	639	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	640	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	641	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	642	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1788]	643	ALLOCATE ( soil_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	644	ALLOCATE ( veg_type_2d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	645	ALLOCATE ( water_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	646
[1551]	647	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
[1496]	648	!
[1585]	649	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
[1551]	650	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
	651	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
	652	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
	653	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
	654	#endif
[1496]	655
	656
[1551]	657	END SUBROUTINE init_lsm_arrays
[1500]	658
[1551]	659	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	660	! Description:
	661	! ------------
[1682]	662	!> Initialization of the land surface model
[1551]	663	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	664	SUBROUTINE init_lsm
	665
	666
	667	IMPLICIT NONE
	668
[1682]	669	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	670	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	671	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1551]	672
[1709]	673	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
[1551]	674
[1691]	675
[1551]	676	!
	677	!-- Calculate Exner function
[1691]	678	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
[1551]	679
	680
	681	!
	682	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
[1788]	683	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
[1551]	684	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
	685	ENDIF
	686
	687	!
	688	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
	689	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
	690	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
	691	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
	692	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
	693
	694	!
	695	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
	696	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
	697	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
[1757]	698	tm_soil_m = 0.0_wp
[1551]	699	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
	700	c_liq = 0.0_wp
	701
	702	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
	703	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
	704
[1500]	705	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1551]	706	qsws_eb = rho_l * l_v * qsws
[1500]	707	ELSE
[1551]	708	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
[1500]	709	ENDIF
	710
[1551]	711	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
[1757]	712	qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
[1551]	713	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
[1496]	714
	715	r_a = 50.0_wp
[1551]	716	r_s = 50.0_wp
[1496]	717	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
	718	r_soil = 0.0_wp
	719
	720	!
	721	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
[1551]	722	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	723	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	724	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	725
	726	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
	727	!
	728	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
	729	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1551]	730	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	731	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	732
	733	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
	734	ENDIF
	735
	736	!
	737	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
[1691]	738	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
	739	!-- at the centers
	740	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
[1496]	741
[1691]	742	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
	743	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
[1496]	744	ENDDO
[1691]	745	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
[1496]	746
[1691]	747	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
	748	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
[1496]	749	ENDDO
[1691]	750	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
[1496]	751
[1551]	752	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
	753	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
	754
[1496]	755	!
[1551]	756	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
	757	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
	758	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
	759	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
	760
	761	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	762	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
	763	ENDIF
	764
	765	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	766	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
	767	ENDIF
	768
	769	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	770	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
	771	ENDIF
	772
	773	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	774	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
	775	ENDIF
	776
	777	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	778	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
	779	ENDIF
	780
	781	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	782	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
	783	ENDIF
	784
	785	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	786	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
	787	ENDIF
	788
	789	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	790	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
	791	ENDIF
	792
[1496]	793	ENDIF
	794
[1788]	795	!
	796	!-- Map values to the respective 2D arrays
[1551]	797	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
	798	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
	799	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
	800	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
	801	m_sat = saturation_moisture
	802	m_fc = field_capacity
	803	m_wilt = wilting_point
	804	m_res = residual_moisture
	805	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
	806
[1496]	807	!
[1551]	808	!-- Initial run actions
	809	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
[1496]	810
[1551]	811	t_soil = 0.0_wp
	812	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
	813	m_soil = 0.0_wp
[1496]	814
[1551]	815	!
	816	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
	817	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
	818	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
[1691]	819	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	820	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
	821	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
	822	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
	823	ENDDO
	824	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
[1496]	825
[1551]	826	!
	827	!-- Calculate surface temperature
[1691]	828	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
[1496]	829
	830	!
[1788]	831	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value
	832	!-- for the first time step
[1551]	833	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	834	DO j = nysg, nyng
	835	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	836
[1691]	837	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
[1709]	838	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	839	ELSE
[1709]	840	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	841	ENDIF
	842
[1551]	843	!
	844	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
[1709]	845	IF ( pt1 == pt(k,j,i) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
[1551]	846
[1691]	847	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
[1709]	848	ts(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
[1551]	849	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
	850	ENDDO
	851	ENDDO
	852
	853	!
	854	!-- Actions for restart runs
	855	ELSE
	856
	857	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	858	DO j = nysg, nyng
	859	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	860	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
	861	ENDDO
	862	ENDDO
	863
	864	ENDIF
	865
[1691]	866	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	867	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
	868	ENDDO
[1496]	869
[1551]	870	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
	871	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	872	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
	873	ENDIF
	874	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	875	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
	876	ENDIF
	877	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	878	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
	879	ENDIF
	880	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	881	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
	882	ENDIF
	883	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	884	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
	885	ENDIF
	886	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	887	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
	888	ENDIF
	889	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	890	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
	891	ENDIF
	892	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	893	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
	894	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
	895	ENDIF
	896	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	897	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
	898	ENDIF
[1788]	899	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	900	z0q_eb = roughness_par(2,veg_type)
	901	ENDIF
	902	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / ( z0_eb + 1.0E-20_wp )
[1496]	903
[1551]	904	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
[1691]	905	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	906	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
	907	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
	908	ENDDO
	909	ENDIF
[1496]	910
[1553]	911	ELSE
	912
	913	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	914	z0_eb = roughness_length
	915	ENDIF
	916	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	917	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
	918	ENDIF
[1788]	919	IF ( z0q_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	920	z0q_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
	921	ENDIF
[1553]	922
[1496]	923	ENDIF
	924
	925	!
[1788]	926	!-- For surfaces covered with pavement, set depth of the pavement (with dry
	927	!-- soil below). The depth must be greater than the first soil layer depth
	928	IF ( veg_type == 20 ) THEN
	929	IF ( pave_depth == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	930	pave_depth = zs(nzb_soil)
	931	ELSE
	932	pave_depth = MAX( zs(nzb_soil), pave_depth )
	933	ENDIF
	934	ENDIF
	935
	936	!
	937	!-- Map vegetation and soil types to 2D array to allow for heterogeneous
	938	!-- surfaces via user interface see below
	939	veg_type_2d = veg_type
	940	soil_type_2d = soil_type
	941
	942	!
	943	!-- Map vegetation parameters to the respective 2D arrays
[1551]	944	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
	945	lai = leaf_area_index
	946	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
	947	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
	948	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
	949	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
	950	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
	951	z0 = z0_eb
	952	z0h = z0h_eb
[1788]	953	z0q = z0q_eb
[1551]	954
	955	!
[1496]	956	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
	957	CALL user_init_land_surface
	958
[1788]	959	!
	960	!-- Set flag parameter if vegetation type was set to a water surface. Also
	961	!-- set temperature to a constant value in all "soil" layers.
	962	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	963	DO j = nysg, nyng
	964	IF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 14 .OR. veg_type_2d(j,i) == 15 ) THEN
	965	water_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
	966	ELSEIF ( veg_type_2d(j,i) == 20 ) THEN
	967	pave_surface(j,i) = .TRUE.
	968	m_soil(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	969	ENDIF
[1500]	970
[1788]	971	ENDDO
	972	ENDDO
	973
	974	!
	975	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
	976	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
	977
[1551]	978	t_soil_p = t_soil
	979	m_soil_p = m_soil
	980	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
[1709]	981	t_surface_p = t_surface
[1496]	982
[1709]	983
	984
[1551]	985	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
	986	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
	987	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
	988	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
	989	statistic_regions+1 )
	990	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
	991	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
	992	statistic_regions+1 )
	993
[1496]	994	END SUBROUTINE init_lsm
	995
	996
	997
	998	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	999	! Description:
	1000	! ------------
[1682]	1001	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
[1496]	1002	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1003	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
	1004
	1005
	1006	IMPLICIT NONE
	1007
[1682]	1008	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1009	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1010	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !< running index
[1496]	1011
[1788]	1012	REAL(wp) :: c_surface_tmp,& !< temporary variable for storing the volumetric heat capacity of the surface
	1013	f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
[1682]	1014	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
	1015	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
	1016	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
	1017	e, & !< water vapour pressure
	1018	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
	1019	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
	1020	tend, & !< tendency
	1021	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
	1022	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
	1023	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
	1024	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
	1025	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
	1026	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
	1027	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
	1028	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
	1029	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
[1691]	1030	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
[1709]	1031	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
	1032	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
[1496]	1033
	1034	!
	1035	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
	1036	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	1037
[1691]	1038	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1039	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1500]	1040	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
[1496]	1041
	1042	!
[1788]	1043	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification between skin layer and soil
	1044	IF ( .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1045
	1046	c_surface_tmp = c_surface
	1047
	1048	IF ( t_surface(j,i) >= t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)) THEN
	1049	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
	1050	ELSE
	1051	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
	1052	ENDIF
[1496]	1053	ELSE
[1788]	1054
	1055	c_surface_tmp = pave_heat_capacity * dz_soil(nzb_soil) * 0.5_wp
	1056	lambda_surface = pave_heat_conductivity * ddz_soil(nzb_soil)
	1057
[1496]	1058	ENDIF
[1500]	1059
[1496]	1060	!
[1500]	1061	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
	1062	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
	1063	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
	1064	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
[1691]	1065	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
[1709]	1066	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
	1067	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	1068	ELSE
[1709]	1069	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
	1070	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	1071	ENDIF
[1496]	1072
[1709]	1073	r_a(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp)
[1691]	1074
[1496]	1075	!
[1709]	1076	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero
	1077	IF ( ABS(r_a(j,i)) < 1.0E-10_wp ) r_a(j,i) = 1.0E-10_wp
	1078
	1079	!
[1496]	1080	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
	1081	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
	1082
[1551]	1083	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
	1084	!-- night)
[1585]	1085	IF ( radiation_scheme /= 'constant' ) THEN
[1709]	1086	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) / &
	1087	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) &
[1585]	1088	+ 1.0_wp)) )
[1551]	1089	ELSE
	1090	f1 = 1.0_wp
	1091	ENDIF
[1496]	1092
[1709]	1093
[1496]	1094	!
[1551]	1095	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
	1096	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
	1097	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
[1496]	1098	m_total = 0.0_wp
[1691]	1099	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	1100	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
	1101	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
[1496]	1102	ENDDO
	1103
[1788]	1104	IF ( m_total > m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total < m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
[1496]	1105	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
[1691]	1106	ELSEIF ( m_total >= m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
[1551]	1107	f2 = 1.0_wp
[1496]	1108	ELSE
	1109	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
	1110	ENDIF
	1111
	1112	!
	1113	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
[1551]	1114	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
	1115	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
[1496]	1116
	1117	!
	1118	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
[1551]	1119	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1496]	1120	!
	1121	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
[1709]	1122	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
[1551]	1123	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
[1496]	1124	ELSE
	1125	f3 = 1.0_wp
	1126	ENDIF
	1127
	1128	!
[1551]	1129	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
	1130	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
[1496]	1131	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
[1551]	1132	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
	1133	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
[1496]	1134
	1135	!
[1551]	1136	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
	1137	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
[1788]	1138	IF ( soil_type_2d(j,i) /= 7 ) THEN
[1551]	1139	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
	1140	m_res(j,i)
	1141	ELSE
	1142	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
	1143	ENDIF
[1496]	1144
[1551]	1145	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
[1513]	1146	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
[1551]	1147	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
[1496]	1148
	1149	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
	1150
	1151	!
[1788]	1152	!-- Calculate the maximum possible liquid water amount on plants and
	1153	!-- bare surface. For vegetated surfaces, a maximum depth of 0.2 mm is
	1154	!-- assumed, while paved surfaces might hold up 1 mm of water. The
	1155	!-- liquid water fraction for paved surfaces is calculated after
	1156	!-- Noilhan & Planton (1989), while the ECMWF formulation is used for
	1157	!-- vegetated surfaces and bare soils.
	1158	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1159	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * 5.0_wp
	1160	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, (m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max)**0.67 )
	1161	ELSE
	1162	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * ( c_veg(j,i) * lai(j,i) &
	1163	+ (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) )
	1164	c_liq(j,i) = MIN( 1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / m_liq_eb_max )
	1165	ENDIF
[1496]	1166
[1551]	1167	!
	1168	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
[1496]	1169	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
[1500]	1170
	1171	!
[1551]	1172	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
	1173	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
[1788]	1174	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
[1551]	1175	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1176	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1691]	1177	ENDIF
[1496]	1178
	1179	!
	1180	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
[1788]	1181	!-- In case of water surface, set vegetation and soil fluxes to zero.
	1182	!-- For pavements, only evaporation of liquid water is possible.
	1183	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1184	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1185	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
	1186	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv / r_a(j,i)
	1187	ELSEIF ( pave_surface (j,i) ) THEN
	1188	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1189	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
	1190	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
	1191	ELSE
	1192	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
	1193	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
	1194	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
[1551]	1195	r_soil(j,i))
[1788]	1196	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
	1197	ENDIF
[1500]	1198	!
	1199	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
	1200	!-- transpirate.
[1691]	1201	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
[1551]	1202	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1203	! ENDIF
[1496]	1204
[1551]	1205	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
	1206	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
	1207
	1208	!
[1496]	1209	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
[1571]	1210	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
[1551]	1211	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
	1212	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
[1496]	1213
[1571]	1214	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
[1496]	1215
	1216	!
	1217	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
[1691]	1218	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
[1496]	1219
[1788]	1220	!
	1221	!-- Calculate new skin temperature
[1500]	1222	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1691]	1223	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1496]	1224	!
[1500]	1225	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1226	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1227	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1228	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1229	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
[1551]	1230	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
[1496]	1231
	1232	!
[1500]	1233	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1234	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
[1691]	1235	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
	1236	#else
[1496]	1237
[1691]	1238	!
	1239	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
	1240	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
	1241	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 &
[1709]	1242	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 &
[1691]	1243	- q_s + dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) &
	1244	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
	1245
	1246	!
[1709]	1247	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
	1248	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 + f_qsws &
	1249	* dq_s_dt + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1250
	1251	#endif
[1500]	1252	ELSE
	1253
[1691]	1254	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1500]	1255	!
	1256	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1257	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1258	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1259	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
[1551]	1260	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
[1500]	1261
	1262	!
	1263	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1264	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1265	#else
	1266
	1267	!
	1268	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
	1269	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
[1709]	1270	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 + f_shf * pt1 &
[1691]	1271	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
	1272
	1273	!
	1274	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1571]	1275	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 &
[1551]	1276	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1277	#endif
[1500]	1278	ENDIF
	1279
[1496]	1280	tend = 0.0_wp
	1281
	1282	!
[1551]	1283	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
[1496]	1284	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
[1788]	1285	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface_tmp * &
	1286	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface_tmp + coef_2 &
	1287	* dt_3d * tsc(2) )
	1288
[1496]	1289	!
	1290	!-- Add RK3 term
[1788]	1291	IF ( c_surface_tmp /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1496]	1292
[1691]	1293	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
	1294	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
	1295
[1496]	1296	!
[1691]	1297	!-- Calculate true tendency
	1298	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
	1299	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
[1496]	1300	!
[1691]	1301	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	1302	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1303	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
	1304	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
	1305	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1306	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1307	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
	1308	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
	1309	ENDIF
[1496]	1310	ENDIF
	1311	ENDIF
	1312
	1313	!
[1757]	1314	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
	1315	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
	1316	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
	1317	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
	1318	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
	1319	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
	1320	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
	1321	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
[1788]	1322	IF ( ABS( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
[1757]	1323	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
[1691]	1324	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
	1325	ENDIF
	1326
	1327	pt(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
	1328
	1329	!
[1496]	1330	!-- Calculate fluxes
[1691]	1331	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1709]	1332	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1333	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1334	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * t_surface_p(j,i)
[1691]	1335
	1336	IF ( rrtm_idrv == 1 ) THEN
	1337	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i)
	1338	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1339	+ rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1340	* ( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) )
	1341	ENDIF
	1342	#else
	1343	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
	1344	* t_surface(j,i)*4 - 4.0_wp sigma_sb &
	1345	* t_surface(j,i)*3 t_surface_p(j,i)
	1346	#endif
	1347
[1551]	1348	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
	1349	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
[1496]	1350
[1709]	1351	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - pt(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1352
	1353	shf(j,i) = shf_eb(j,i) / rho_cp
	1354
[1500]	1355	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1709]	1356	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
[1571]	1357	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) )
[1496]	1358
[1691]	1359	qsws(j,i) = qsws_eb(j,i) / rho_lv
	1360
[1709]	1361	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1362	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1363	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
	1364
[1709]	1365	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1366	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1367	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
	1368
[1709]	1369	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1370	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1371	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
[1500]	1372	ENDIF
[1788]	1373
[1500]	1374	!
	1375	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
[1691]	1376	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1551]	1377	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
[1496]	1378	ELSE
[1788]	1379	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
[1571]	1380	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
[1551]	1381	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
[1496]	1382	ENDIF
	1383
	1384	!
	1385	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
[1500]	1386	!-- evaporation of liquid water
	1387	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1496]	1388	!
[1571]	1389	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
	1390	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
[1500]	1391	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
	1392	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
[1571]	1393
	1394	!
	1395	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
[1788]	1396	!-- Otherwise, add the water to soil. In case of
	1397	!-- pavements, the exceeding water amount is implicitely removed
	1398	!-- as runoff as qsws_soil_eb is then not used in the soil model
[1691]	1399	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
[1571]	1400	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
[1691]	1401	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1402	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
	1403	ELSE
	1404	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
[1691]	1405	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1406	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
	1407	ENDIF
	1408
	1409	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
	1410	!-- coverage.
	1411	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) * (1.0_wp &
[1691]	1412	- c_veg(j,i)) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1413	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
[1496]	1414	ENDIF
[1691]	1415
[1500]	1416	!
	1417	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
[1691]	1418	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1419
[1500]	1420	!
[1551]	1421	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
	1422	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
	1423	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
	1424	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
[1691]	1425	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
[1551]	1426	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
	1427	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
	1428	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1500]	1429	ENDIF
[1496]	1430
	1431	!
[1551]	1432	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
	1433	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
[1500]	1434	!-- plant
[1691]	1435	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1551]	1436	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
	1437	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1500]	1438	ENDIF
	1439	ENDIF
[1496]	1440
[1551]	1441	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
[1496]	1442
[1551]	1443	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
	1444	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
[1496]	1445
	1446	!
[1500]	1447	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
	1448	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
[1551]	1449	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
[1496]	1450
	1451	!
[1500]	1452	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
	1453	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
[1551]	1454	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
[1496]	1455
	1456
	1457	!
[1551]	1458	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
[1500]	1459	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1460	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
[1551]	1461	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
[1500]	1462	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1463	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[1551]	1464	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
	1465	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
[1500]	1466	ENDIF
[1496]	1467	ENDIF
	1468
[1500]	1469	ENDIF
	1470
[1496]	1471	ENDDO
[1500]	1472	ENDDO
[1496]	1473
[1691]	1474	!
	1475	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
[1757]	1476	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
[1788]	1477	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
[1757]	1478	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
[1697]	1479	#if defined( __parallel )
[1691]	1480	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	1481	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
	1482	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	1483	#else
	1484	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
	1485	#endif
	1486	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
	1487	ENDIF
	1488
[1788]	1489	!
	1490	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
	1491	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1492	CALL calc_q_surface
	1493	ENDIF
[1691]	1494
[1788]	1495	!
	1496	!-- Calculate new roughness lengths (for water surfaces only)
	1497	CALL calc_z0_water_surface
	1498
	1499
[1496]	1500	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
	1501
	1502
	1503	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1504	! Description:
	1505	! ------------
[1682]	1506	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
	1507	!> temperature and water content.
[1496]	1508	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1509	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
	1510
	1511
	1512	IMPLICIT NONE
	1513
[1682]	1514	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1515	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1516	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1496]	1517
[1682]	1518	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
[1496]	1519
[1682]	1520	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
[1691]	1521	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
	1522	tend !< tendency
[1496]	1523
[1691]	1524	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1525	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1788]	1526
	1527	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1528	rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
	1529	lambda_temp(nzb_soil) = pave_heat_conductivity
	1530	ENDIF
	1531
	1532	IF ( .NOT. water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1533	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1534
	1535
	1536	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) <= pave_depth ) THEN
	1537
	1538	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = pave_heat_capacity
	1539	lambda_temp(k) = pave_heat_conductivity
	1540
	1541	ELSE
[1496]	1542	!
[1788]	1543	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking
	1544	!-- into account water content
	1545	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
	1546	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
[1496]	1547
	1548	!
[1788]	1549	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
	1550	!-- layers
	1551	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) * &
	1552	lambda_h_water ** m_soil(k,j,i)
[1691]	1553
[1788]	1554	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) / m_sat(j,i)))
[1691]	1555
[1788]	1556	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
	1557	lambda_h_dry
	1558	ENDIF
[1496]	1559
[1788]	1560	ENDDO
[1496]	1561
	1562	!
[1788]	1563	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
	1564	!-- using linear interpolation. For pavement surface, the
	1565	!-- true pavement depth is considered
	1566	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
	1567	IF ( pave_surface(j,i) .AND. zs(k) < pave_depth &
	1568	.AND. zs(k+1) > pave_depth ) THEN
	1569	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) / dz_soil(k+1) &
	1570	* lambda_temp(k) &
	1571	+ ( 1.0_wp - ( pave_depth - zs(k) ) &
	1572	/ dz_soil(k+1) ) * lambda_temp(k+1)
	1573	ELSE
	1574	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
	1575	* 0.5_wp
	1576	ENDIF
	1577	ENDDO
	1578	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
[1496]	1579
[1788]	1580
	1581
	1582
[1496]	1583	!
[1788]	1584	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
	1585	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
[1496]	1586
[1788]	1587	tend(nzb_soil) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
	1588	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
	1589	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
	1590	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
[1691]	1591
[1788]	1592	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
	1593	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
	1594	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
	1595	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
	1596	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
	1597	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
	1598	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
	1599	* ddz_soil(k) &
	1600	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
[1691]	1601
[1788]	1602	ENDDO
[1691]	1603
[1788]	1604	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
	1605	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
	1606	* tend(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) &
	1607	+ tsc(3) &
	1608	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
[1496]	1609
	1610	!
[1788]	1611	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	1612	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1613	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
	1614	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1615	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
	1616	ENDDO
	1617	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1618	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1619	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1620	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
[1551]	1621	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
[1788]	1622	ENDDO
	1623	ENDIF
[1496]	1624	ENDIF
	1625
	1626
[1788]	1627	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	1628
[1496]	1629	!
[1788]	1630	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
	1631	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
	1632	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), &
	1633	m_wilt(j,i) ) / m_sat(j,i) )**( &
	1634	b_ch + 2.0_wp )
[1496]	1635
	1636	!
[1788]	1637	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
	1638	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
[1551]	1639	!
[1788]	1640	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
	1641	!-- (1980)
	1642	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
	1643	MAX( m_soil(k,j,i), m_wilt(j,i) ) ) )**( &
	1644	n_vg(j,i) / (n_vg(j,i) - 1.0_wp ) ) - 1.0_wp &
	1645	)**( 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) / alpha_vg(j,i)
[1496]	1646
[1691]	1647
[1788]	1648	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
	1649	( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )n_vg(j,i))( &
	1650	1.0_wp - 1.0_wp / n_vg(j,i) ) - ( &
	1651	alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg )**( n_vg(j,i) &
	1652	- 1.0_wp) )**2 ) &
	1653	/ ( ( 1.0_wp + ( alpha_vg(j,i) * h_vg &
	1654	)n_vg(j,i) )( ( 1.0_wp - 1.0_wp &
	1655	/ n_vg(j,i) ) *( l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp) ) )
[1496]	1656
[1551]	1657	!
[1788]	1658	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
	1659	ELSE
	1660	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( m_soil(k,j,i) &
	1661	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
	1662	ENDIF
[1551]	1663
[1788]	1664	ENDDO
[1496]	1665
	1666	!
[1788]	1667	!-- Prognostic equation for soil moisture content. Only performed,
	1668	!-- when humidity is enabled in the atmosphere and the surface type
	1669	!-- is not pavement (implies dry soil below).
	1670	IF ( humidity .AND. .NOT. pave_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1671	!
	1672	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
	1673	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
	1674	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
	1675	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
[1496]	1676
[1788]	1677	lambda_w(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
	1678	* 0.5_wp
	1679	gamma_w(k,j,i) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + gamma_temp(k) ) &
	1680	* 0.5_wp
[1496]	1681
[1788]	1682	ENDDO
[1496]	1683
	1684	!
	1685	!
[1788]	1686	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved), set
	1687	!-- hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be lost
	1688	!-- in the bottom layer.
	1689	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
	1690	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1691	ELSE
	1692	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
	1693	ENDIF
[1496]	1694
[1788]	1695	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l * l_v))
	1696	!-- ensures the mass conservation for water. The transpiration of
	1697	!-- plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by the roots in the
	1698	!-- soil. The scheme takes into account the availability of water
	1699	!-- in the soil layers as well as the root fraction in the
	1700	!-- respective layer. Layer with moisture below wilting point will
	1701	!-- not contribute, which reflects the preference of plants to
	1702	!-- take water from moister layers.
[1496]	1703
	1704	!
[1788]	1705	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of root_extr
	1706	!-- = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a positive
	1707	!-- transpiration, so that there is no need for an additional check.
[1691]	1708	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1788]	1709	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
	1710	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
	1711	ENDIF
	1712	ENDDO
[1496]	1713
[1788]	1714	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1715	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1716	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
	1717	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) / m_total
	1718	ELSE
	1719	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
	1720	ENDIF
	1721	ENDDO
	1722	ENDIF
	1723
[1496]	1724	!
[1788]	1725	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil.
	1726	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
	1727
	1728	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
[1551]	1729	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
[1691]	1730	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
[1788]	1731	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
	1732	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
	1733	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
[1496]	1734
[1788]	1735	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
	1736	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
	1737	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) &
	1738	- gamma_w(k,j,i) &
	1739	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
	1740	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k) &
	1741	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
	1742	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
	1743	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
[1496]	1744
[1788]	1745	ENDDO
	1746	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
	1747	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
	1748	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
	1749	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
	1750	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
	1751	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
	1752	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
	1753	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
	1754	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
[1496]	1755
[1788]	1756	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
	1757	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
	1758	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
	1759
[1496]	1760	!
[1788]	1761	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
	1762	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1763	IF ( m_soil_p(k,j,i) < 0.0_wp ) m_soil_p(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1764	ENDDO
[1496]	1765
	1766	!
[1788]	1767	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	1768	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1769	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
	1770	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1771	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
	1772	ENDDO
	1773	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1774	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1775	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1776	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp&
[1496]	1777	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
[1788]	1778	ENDDO
	1779	ENDIF
[1496]	1780	ENDIF
[1788]	1781
[1496]	1782	ENDIF
	1783
	1784	ENDIF
	1785
	1786	ENDDO
	1787	ENDDO
	1788
[1788]	1789	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
	1790
	1791
	1792	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1793	! Description:
	1794	! ------------
	1795	!> Calculation of roughness length for open water (lakes, ocean). The
	1796	!> parameterization follows Charnock (1955). Two different implementations
	1797	!> are available: as in ECMWF-IFS (Beljaars 1994) or as in FLake (Subin et al.
	1798	!> 2012)
	1799	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1800	SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
	1801
	1802	USE control_parameters, &
	1803	ONLY: g, kappa, molecular_viscosity
	1804
	1805	IMPLICIT NONE
	1806
	1807	INTEGER :: i !< running index
	1808	INTEGER :: j !< running index
	1809
	1810	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: alpha_ch = 0.018_wp !< Charnock constant (0.01-0.11). Use 0.01 for FLake and 0.018 for ECMWF
	1811	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: pr_number = 0.71_wp !< molecular Prandtl number in the Charnock parameterization (differs from prandtl_number)
	1812	! REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: sc_number = 0.66_wp !< molecular Schmidt number in the Charnock parameterization
	1813	! REAL(wp) :: re_0 !< near-surface roughness Reynolds number
	1814
	1815
	1816	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1817	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1818	IF ( water_surface(j,i) ) THEN
	1819
[1496]	1820	!
[1788]	1821	!-- Disabled: FLake parameterization. Ideally, the Charnock
	1822	!-- coefficient should depend on the water depth and the fetch
	1823	!-- length
	1824	! re_0 = z0(j,i) * us(j,i) / molecular_viscosity
	1825	!
	1826	! z0(j,i) = MAX( 0.1_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i), &
	1827	! alpha_ch * us(j,i) / g )
	1828	!
	1829	! z0h(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 3.2_wp ) )
	1830	! z0q(j,i) = z0(j,i) * EXP( - kappa / pr_number * ( 4.0_wp * SQRT( re_0 ) - 4.2_wp ) )
[1496]	1831
[1788]	1832	!
	1833	!-- Set minimum roughness length for u* > 0.2
	1834	! IF ( us(j,i) > 0.2_wp ) THEN
	1835	! z0h(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0h(j,i) )
	1836	! z0q(j,i) = MAX( 1.0E-5_wp, z0q(j,i) )
	1837	! ENDIF
[1496]	1838
[1788]	1839	!
	1840	!-- ECMWF IFS model parameterization after Beljaars (1994). At low
	1841	!-- wind speed, the sea surface becomes aerodynamically smooth and
	1842	!-- the roughness scales with the viscosity. At high wind speed, the
	1843	!-- Charnock relation is used.
	1844	z0(j,i) = ( 0.11_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i) ) &
	1845	+ ( alpha_ch * us(j,i)**2 / g )
[1496]	1846
[1788]	1847	z0h(j,i) = 0.40_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
	1848	z0q(j,i) = 0.62_wp * molecular_viscosity / us(j,i)
[1496]	1849
[1788]	1850	ENDIF
	1851	ENDDO
	1852	ENDDO
	1853
	1854	END SUBROUTINE calc_z0_water_surface
	1855
	1856
[1496]	1857	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1858	! Description:
	1859	! ------------
[1788]	1860	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the skin layer (surface). It is assumend
	1861	!> that the skin is always saturated.
[1496]	1862	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1551]	1863	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
[1496]	1864
	1865	IMPLICIT NONE
	1866
[1682]	1867	INTEGER :: i !< running index
	1868	INTEGER :: j !< running index
	1869	INTEGER :: k !< running index
[1788]	1870
[1682]	1871	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
[1496]	1872
[1691]	1873	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1874	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1496]	1875	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	1876
	1877	!
	1878	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
[1691]	1879	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface_p(j,i) &
	1880	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface_p(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
[1496]	1881
	1882	!
	1883	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
	1884	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
	1885
	1886	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
	1887
	1888	!
	1889	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
[1691]	1890	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	1891	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
	1892	* ( q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i) )
	1893	ELSE
	1894	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
	1895	* q(k+1,j,i)
	1896	ENDIF
[1496]	1897
[1691]	1898	!
	1899	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
	1900	vpt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	1901
[1496]	1902	ENDDO
	1903	ENDDO
	1904
[1551]	1905	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
[1496]	1906
[1788]	1907
[1551]	1908	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1909	! Description:
	1910	! ------------
[1682]	1911	!> Swapping of timelevels
[1551]	1912	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1913	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
[1496]	1914
[1551]	1915	IMPLICIT NONE
	1916
	1917	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
	1918
	1919	#if defined( __nopointer )
	1920
	1921	t_surface = t_surface_p
	1922	t_soil = t_soil_p
	1923	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1924	m_soil = m_soil_p
	1925	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
	1926	ENDIF
	1927
	1928	#else
	1929
	1930	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
	1931
	1932	CASE ( 0 )
	1933
[1585]	1934	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
	1935	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
[1551]	1936	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1585]	1937	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
	1938	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
[1551]	1939	ENDIF
	1940
	1941
	1942	CASE ( 1 )
	1943
[1585]	1944	t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1
	1945	t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1
[1551]	1946	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1585]	1947	m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1
	1948	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1
[1551]	1949	ENDIF
	1950
	1951	END SELECT
	1952	#endif
	1953
	1954	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
	1955
	1956
[1496]	1957	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Download in other formats:

| Impressum | ©Leibniz Universität Hannover |