Home

Context Navigation

source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/land_surface_model.f90 @ 1757

Last change on this file since 1757 was 1757, checked in by maronga, 8 years ago
some changes in land surface model, radiation model, nudging and some minor updates
Property svn:keywords set to `Id`
File size: 76.6 KB

Rev	Line
[1682]	1	!> @file land_surface_model.f90
[1496]	2	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	3	! This file is part of PALM.
	4	!
	5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
	6	! of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
	7	! either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
	8	!
	9	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
	10	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
	11	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
	12	!
	13	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
	14	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	15	!
[1691]	16	! Copyright 1997-2015 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
[1496]	17	!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	18	!
	19	! Current revisions:
	20	! -----------------
[1757]	21	! Bugfix: set tm_soil_m to zero after allocation. Added parameter
	22	! unscheduled_radiation_calls to control calls of the radiation model based on
	23	! the skin temperature change during one time step (preliminary version). Set
	24	! qsws_soil_eb to zero at model start (previously set to qsws_eb). Removed MAX
	25	! function as it cannot be vectorized.
[1710]	26	!
	27	! Former revisions:
	28	! -----------------
	29	! $Id: land_surface_model.f90 1757 2016-02-22 15:49:32Z maronga $
	30	!
	31	! 1709 2015-11-04 14:47:01Z maronga
[1709]	32	! Renamed pt_1 and qv_1 to pt1 and qv1.
	33	! Bugfix: set initial values for t_surface_p in case of restart runs
	34	! Bugfix: zero resistance caused crash when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
	35	! Bugfix: calculation of rad_net when using radiation_scheme = 'clear-sky'
	36	! Added todo action
[1698]	37	!
	38	! 1697 2015-10-28 17:14:10Z raasch
	39	! bugfix: misplaced cpp-directive
	40	!
	41	! 1695 2015-10-27 10:03:11Z maronga
[1692]	42	! Bugfix: REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute in call of
[1696]	43	! Replaced rif with ol
	44	!
[1692]	45	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
[1691]	46	! Added skip_time_do_lsm to allow for spin-ups without LSM. Various bugfixes:
	47	! Soil temperatures are now defined at the edges of the layers, calculation of
	48	! shb_eb corrected, prognostic equation for skin temperature corrected. Surface
	49	! fluxes are now directly transfered to atmosphere
[1552]	50	!
[1683]	51	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
	52	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
	53	!
[1591]	54	! 1590 2015-05-08 13:56:27Z maronga
	55	! Bugfix: definition of character strings requires same length for all elements
	56	!
[1586]	57	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
	58	! Modifications for RRTMG. Changed tables to PARAMETER type.
	59	!
[1572]	60	! 1571 2015-03-12 16:12:49Z maronga
	61	! Removed upper-case variable names. Corrected distribution of precipitation to
	62	! the liquid water reservoir and the bare soil fractions.
	63	!
[1556]	64	! 1555 2015-03-04 17:44:27Z maronga
	65	! Added output of r_a and r_s
	66	!
[1554]	67	! 1553 2015-03-03 17:33:54Z maronga
	68	! Improved better treatment of roughness lengths. Added default soil temperature
	69	! profile
	70	!
[1552]	71	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
[1551]	72	! Flux calculation is now done in prandtl_fluxes. Added support for data output.
	73	! Vertical indices have been replaced. Restart runs are now possible. Some
	74	! variables have beem renamed. Bugfix in the prognostic equation for the surface
	75	! temperature. Introduced z0_eb and z0h_eb, which overwrite the setting of
	76	! roughness_length and z0_factor. Added Clapp & Hornberger parametrization for
	77	! the hydraulic conductivity. Bugfix for root fraction and extraction
	78	! calculation
[1496]	79	!
[1514]	80	! intrinsic function MAX and MIN
[1496]	81	!
[1501]	82	! 1500 2014-12-03 17:42:41Z maronga
	83	! Corrected calculation of aerodynamic resistance (r_a).
	84	! Precipitation is now added to liquid water reservoir using LE_liq.
	85	! Added support for dry runs.
	86	!
[1497]	87	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
	88	! Initial revision
	89	!
[1496]	90	!
	91	! Description:
	92	! ------------
[1682]	93	!> Land surface model, consisting of a solver for the energy balance at the
	94	!> surface and a four layer soil scheme. The scheme is similar to the TESSEL
	95	!> scheme implemented in the ECMWF IFS model, with modifications according to
	96	!> H-TESSEL. The implementation is based on the formulation implemented in the
	97	!> DALES and UCLA-LES models.
	98	!>
[1691]	99	!> @todo Consider partial absorption of the net shortwave radiation by the
[1709]	100	!> skin layer.
[1691]	101	!> @todo Allow for water surfaces
	102	!> @todo Invert indices (running from -3 to 0. Currently: nzb_soil=0,
	103	!> nzt_soil=3)).
	104	!> @todo Implement surface runoff model (required when performing long-term LES
	105	!> with considerable precipitation.
[1709]	106	!> @todo Fix crashes with radiation_scheme == 'constant'
[1682]	107	!>
[1709]	108	!> @note No time step criterion is required as long as the soil layers do not
	109	!> become too thin.
[1496]	110	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1682]	111	MODULE land_surface_model_mod
	112
[1691]	113	USE arrays_3d, &
[1695]	114	ONLY: hyp, ol, pt, pt_p, q, q_p, ql, qsws, shf, ts, us, vpt, z0, z0h
[1496]	115
[1691]	116	USE cloud_parameters, &
	117	ONLY: cp, hyrho, l_d_cp, l_d_r, l_v, prr, pt_d_t, rho_l, r_d, r_v
[1496]	118
[1691]	119	USE control_parameters, &
	120	ONLY: cloud_physics, dt_3d, humidity, intermediate_timestep_count, &
	121	initializing_actions, intermediate_timestep_count_max, &
	122	max_masks, precipitation, pt_surface, rho_surface, &
	123	roughness_length, surface_pressure, timestep_scheme, tsc, &
	124	z0h_factor, time_since_reference_point
[1496]	125
[1691]	126	USE indices, &
	127	ONLY: nbgp, nxlg, nxrg, nyng, nysg, nzb, nzb_s_inner
[1496]	128
[1691]	129	USE kinds
[1496]	130
[1551]	131	USE netcdf_control, &
	132	ONLY: dots_label, dots_num, dots_unit
	133
[1691]	134	USE pegrid
[1496]	135
[1691]	136	USE radiation_model_mod, &
	137	ONLY: force_radiation_call, radiation_scheme, rad_net, rad_sw_in, &
[1757]	138	rad_lw_out, rad_lw_out_change_0, sigma_sb, &
	139	unscheduled_radiation_calls
[1691]	140
	141	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
	142	USE radiation_model_mod, &
[1709]	143	ONLY: rrtm_idrv
[1691]	144	#endif
[1496]	145
[1691]	146	USE statistics, &
	147	ONLY: hom, statistic_regions
	148
[1496]	149	IMPLICIT NONE
	150
	151	!
	152	!-- LSM model constants
[1682]	153	INTEGER(iwp), PARAMETER :: nzb_soil = 0, & !< bottom of the soil model (to be switched)
	154	nzt_soil = 3, & !< top of the soil model (to be switched)
	155	nzs = 4 !< number of soil layers (fixed for now)
[1496]	156
[1682]	157	INTEGER(iwp) :: dots_soil = 0 !< starting index for timeseries output
[1551]	158
	159	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(0:1) :: id_dim_zs_xy, id_dim_zs_xz, id_dim_zs_yz, &
	160	id_dim_zs_3d, id_var_zs_xy, &
	161	id_var_zs_xz, id_var_zs_yz, id_var_zs_3d
	162
	163	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(1:max_masks,0:1) :: id_dim_zs_mask, id_var_zs_mask
	164
[1496]	165	REAL(wp), PARAMETER :: &
[1551]	166	b_ch = 6.04_wp, & ! Clapp & Hornberger exponent
	167	lambda_h_dry = 0.19_wp, & ! heat conductivity for dry soil
[1496]	168	lambda_h_sm = 3.44_wp, & ! heat conductivity of the soil matrix
	169	lambda_h_water = 0.57_wp, & ! heat conductivity of water
	170	psi_sat = -0.388_wp, & ! soil matrix potential at saturation
[1551]	171	rho_c_soil = 2.19E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of soil
	172	rho_c_water = 4.20E6_wp, & ! volumetric heat capacity of water
[1496]	173	m_max_depth = 0.0002_wp ! Maximum capacity of the water reservoir (m)
	174
	175
	176	!
	177	!-- LSM variables
[1682]	178	INTEGER(iwp) :: veg_type = 2, & !< vegetation type, 0: user-defined, 1-19: generic (see list)
	179	soil_type = 3 !< soil type, 0: user-defined, 1-6: generic (see list)
[1496]	180
[1691]	181	LOGICAL :: conserve_water_content = .TRUE., & !< open or closed bottom surface for the soil model
	182	dewfall = .TRUE., & !< allow/inhibit dewfall
	183	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE., & !< flag parameter for unscheduled radiation model calls
	184	land_surface = .FALSE. !< flag parameter indicating wheather the lsm is used
[1496]	185
	186	! value 9999999.9_wp -> generic available or user-defined value must be set
	187	! otherwise -> no generic variable and user setting is optional
[1682]	188	REAL(wp) :: alpha_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST alpha_vg
	189	canopy_resistance_coefficient = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST g_d
	190	c_surface = 20000.0_wp, & !< Surface (skin) heat capacity
	191	drho_l_lv, & !< (rho_l * l_v)**-1
	192	exn, & !< value of the Exner function
	193	e_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation water vapour pressure
	194	field_capacity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_fc
	195	f_shortwave_incoming = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST f_sw_in
	196	hydraulic_conductivity = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST gamma_w_sat
	197	ke = 0.0_wp, & !< Kersten number
[1691]	198	lambda_h_sat = 0.0_wp, & !< heat conductivity for saturated soil
[1682]	199	lambda_surface_stable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_s
	200	lambda_surface_unstable = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lambda_surface_u
	201	leaf_area_index = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST lai
	202	l_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST l_vg
	203	min_canopy_resistance = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_canopy_min
	204	min_soil_resistance = 50.0_wp, & !< NAMELIST r_soil_min
	205	m_total = 0.0_wp, & !< weighted total water content of the soil (m3/m3)
	206	n_vangenuchten = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST n_vg
	207	q_s = 0.0_wp, & !< saturation specific humidity
	208	residual_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_res
	209	rho_cp, & !< rho_surface * cp
	210	rho_lv, & !< rho * l_v
	211	rd_d_rv, & !< r_d / r_v
	212	saturation_moisture = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_sat
[1691]	213	skip_time_do_lsm = 0.0_wp, & !< LSM is not called before this time
[1682]	214	vegetation_coverage = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST c_veg
	215	wilting_point = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST m_wilt
	216	z0_eb = 9999999.9_wp, & !< NAMELIST z0 (lsm_par)
[1691]	217	z0h_eb = 9999999.9_wp !< NAMELIST z0h (lsm_par)
[1496]	218
[1551]	219	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: &
[1691]	220	ddz_soil_stag, & !< 1/dz_soil_stag
	221	dz_soil_stag, & !< soil grid spacing (center-center)
	222	root_extr = 0.0_wp, & !< root extraction
[1551]	223	root_fraction = (/9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp, &
[1682]	224	9999999.9_wp, 9999999.9_wp /), & !< distribution of root surface area to the individual soil layers
	225	zs = (/0.07_wp, 0.28_wp, 1.00_wp, 2.89_wp/), & !< soil layer depths (m)
	226	soil_moisture = 0.0_wp !< soil moisture content (m3/m3)
[1496]	227
[1551]	228	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1) :: &
[1691]	229	soil_temperature = (/290.0_wp, 287.0_wp, 285.0_wp, 283.0_wp, & !< soil temperature (K)
	230	283.0_wp /), &
	231	ddz_soil, & !< 1/dz_soil
	232	dz_soil !< soil grid spacing (edge-edge)
[1496]	233
	234	#if defined( __nopointer )
[1682]	235	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface, & !< surface temperature (K)
	236	t_surface_p, & !< progn. surface temperature (K)
	237	m_liq_eb, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
	238	m_liq_eb_av, & !< liquid water reservoir (m)
	239	m_liq_eb_p !< progn. liquid water reservoir (m)
[1496]	240	#else
[1551]	241	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), POINTER :: t_surface, &
	242	t_surface_p, &
	243	m_liq_eb, &
	244	m_liq_eb_p
[1496]	245
[1551]	246	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: t_surface_1, t_surface_2, &
	247	m_liq_eb_av, &
	248	m_liq_eb_1, m_liq_eb_2
[1496]	249	#endif
	250
	251	!
	252	!-- Temporal tendencies for time stepping
[1682]	253	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: tt_surface_m, & !< surface temperature tendency (K)
	254	tm_liq_eb_m !< liquid water reservoir tendency (m)
[1496]	255
	256	!
	257	!-- Energy balance variables
[1691]	258	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1682]	259	alpha_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
	260	c_liq, & !< liquid water coverage (of vegetated area)
	261	c_liq_av, & !< average of c_liq
	262	c_soil_av, & !< average of c_soil
	263	c_veg, & !< vegetation coverage
	264	c_veg_av, & !< average of c_veg
	265	f_sw_in, & !< fraction of absorbed shortwave radiation by the surface layer (not implemented yet)
	266	ghf_eb, & !< ground heat flux
	267	ghf_eb_av, & !< average of ghf_eb
	268	gamma_w_sat, & !< hydraulic conductivity at saturation
	269	g_d, & !< coefficient for dependence of r_canopy on water vapour pressure deficit
	270	lai, & !< leaf area index
	271	lai_av, & !< average of lai
[1691]	272	lambda_surface_s, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
	273	lambda_surface_u, & !< coupling between surface and soil (depends on vegetation type)
[1682]	274	l_vg, & !< coef. of Van Genuchten
	275	m_fc, & !< soil moisture at field capacity (m3/m3)
	276	m_res, & !< residual soil moisture
	277	m_sat, & !< saturation soil moisture (m3/m3)
	278	m_wilt, & !< soil moisture at permanent wilting point (m3/m3)
	279	n_vg, & !< coef. Van Genuchten
	280	qsws_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (total)
	281	qsws_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_eb
	282	qsws_liq_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (liquid water portion)
	283	qsws_liq_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_liq_eb
	284	qsws_soil_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (soil portion)
	285	qsws_soil_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_soil_eb
	286	qsws_veg_eb, & !< surface flux of latent heat (vegetation portion)
	287	qsws_veg_eb_av, & !< average of qsws_veg_eb
	288	rad_net_l, & !< local copy of rad_net (net radiation at surface)
	289	r_a, & !< aerodynamic resistance
[1709]	290	r_a_av, & !< average of r_a
[1682]	291	r_canopy, & !< canopy resistance
[1691]	292	r_soil, & !< soil resistance
[1682]	293	r_soil_min, & !< minimum soil resistance
	294	r_s, & !< total surface resistance (combination of r_soil and r_canopy)
[1691]	295	r_s_av, & !< average of r_s
[1682]	296	r_canopy_min, & !< minimum canopy (stomatal) resistance
	297	shf_eb, & !< surface flux of sensible heat
	298	shf_eb_av !< average of shf_eb
[1496]	299
[1691]	300
[1496]	301	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1682]	302	lambda_h, & !< heat conductivity of soil (?)
	303	lambda_w, & !< hydraulic diffusivity of soil (?)
	304	gamma_w, & !< hydraulic conductivity of soil (?)
	305	rho_c_total !< volumetric heat capacity of the actual soil matrix (?)
[1496]	306
	307	#if defined( __nopointer )
	308	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
[1682]	309	t_soil, & !< Soil temperature (K)
	310	t_soil_av, & !< Average of t_soil
	311	t_soil_p, & !< Prog. soil temperature (K)
	312	m_soil, & !< Soil moisture (m3/m3)
	313	m_soil_av, & !< Average of m_soil
	314	m_soil_p !< Prog. soil moisture (m3/m3)
[1496]	315	#else
	316	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), POINTER :: &
[1551]	317	t_soil, t_soil_p, &
[1496]	318	m_soil, m_soil_p
	319
	320	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE, TARGET :: &
[1551]	321	t_soil_av, t_soil_1, t_soil_2, &
	322	m_soil_av, m_soil_1, m_soil_2
[1496]	323	#endif
	324
	325
	326	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: &
[1757]	327	tt_soil_m, & !< t_soil storage array
	328	tm_soil_m, & !< m_soil storage array
[1682]	329	root_fr !< root fraction (sum=1)
[1496]	330
[1551]	331
[1496]	332	!
[1551]	333	!-- Predefined Land surface classes (veg_type)
[1585]	334	CHARACTER(26), DIMENSION(0:19), PARAMETER :: veg_type_name = (/ &
[1590]	335	'user defined ', & ! 0
	336	'crops, mixed farming ', & ! 1
	337	'short grass ', & ! 2
[1585]	338	'evergreen needleleaf trees', & ! 3
	339	'deciduous needleleaf trees', & ! 4
[1590]	340	'evergreen broadleaf trees ', & ! 5
	341	'deciduous broadleaf trees ', & ! 6
	342	'tall grass ', & ! 7
	343	'desert ', & ! 8
	344	'tundra ', & ! 9
	345	'irrigated crops ', & ! 10
	346	'semidesert ', & ! 11
	347	'ice caps and glaciers ', & ! 12
	348	'bogs and marshes ', & ! 13
	349	'inland water ', & ! 14
	350	'ocean ', & ! 15
	351	'evergreen shrubs ', & ! 16
	352	'deciduous shrubs ', & ! 17
	353	'mixed forest/woodland ', & ! 18
	354	'interrupted forest ' & ! 19
[1585]	355	/)
[1496]	356
	357	!
[1551]	358	!-- Soil model classes (soil_type)
[1585]	359	CHARACTER(12), DIMENSION(0:7), PARAMETER :: soil_type_name = (/ &
	360	'user defined', & ! 0
[1590]	361	'coarse ', & ! 1
	362	'medium ', & ! 2
	363	'medium-fine ', & ! 3
	364	'fine ', & ! 4
	365	'very fine ', & ! 5
	366	'organic ', & ! 6
	367	'loamy (CH) ' & ! 7
[1585]	368	/)
[1551]	369	!
	370	!-- Land surface parameters according to the respective classes (veg_type)
	371
	372	!
	373	!-- Land surface parameters I
	374	!-- r_canopy_min, lai, c_veg, g_d
[1585]	375	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:19), PARAMETER :: veg_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
	376	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 1
	377	110.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.85_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 2
	378	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
	379	500.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
	380	175.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
	381	240.0_wp, 6.00_wp, 0.99_wp, 0.13_wp, & ! 6
	382	100.0_wp, 2.00_wp, 0.70_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 7
	383	250.0_wp, 0.05_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	384	80.0_wp, 1.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
	385	180.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 10
	386	150.0_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.10_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 11
	387	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	388	240.0_wp, 4.00_wp, 0.60_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 13
	389	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	390	0.0_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	391	225.0_wp, 3.00_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 16
	392	225.0_wp, 1.50_wp, 0.50_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 17
	393	250.0_wp, 5.00_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
	394	175.0_wp, 2.50_wp, 0.90_wp, 0.03_wp & ! 19
[1496]	395	/), (/ 4, 19 /) )
	396
	397	!
	398	!-- Land surface parameters II z0, z0h
[1585]	399	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:1,1:19), PARAMETER :: roughness_par = RESHAPE( (/ &
	400	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 1
	401	0.20_wp, 0.20E-2_wp, & ! 2
	402	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 3
	403	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 4
	404	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 5
	405	2.00_wp, 2.00_wp, & ! 6
	406	0.47_wp, 0.47E-2_wp, & ! 7
	407	0.013_wp, 0.013E-2_wp, & ! 8
	408	0.034_wp, 0.034E-2_wp, & ! 9
	409	0.5_wp, 0.50E-2_wp, & ! 10
	410	0.17_wp, 0.17E-2_wp, & ! 11
	411	1.3E-3_wp, 1.3E-4_wp, & ! 12
	412	0.83_wp, 0.83E-2_wp, & ! 13
	413	0.00_wp, 0.00E-2_wp, & ! 14
	414	0.00_wp, 0.00E-2_wp, & ! 15
	415	0.10_wp, 0.10E-2_wp, & ! 16
	416	0.25_wp, 0.25E-2_wp, & ! 17
	417	2.00_wp, 2.00E-2_wp, & ! 18
	418	1.10_wp, 1.10E-2_wp & ! 19
[1496]	419	/), (/ 2, 19 /) )
	420
	421	!
[1551]	422	!-- Land surface parameters III lambda_surface_s, lambda_surface_u, f_sw_in
[1585]	423	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:2,1:19), PARAMETER :: surface_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
	424	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 1
	425	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 2
	426	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 3
	427	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 4
	428	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 5
	429	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 6
	430	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 7
	431	15.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	432	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 9
	433	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 10
	434	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 11
	435	58.0_wp, 58.0_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	436	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 13
	437	1.0E20_wp, 1.0E20_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	438	1.0E20_wp, 1.0E20_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	439	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 16
	440	10.0_wp, 10.0_wp, 0.05_wp, & ! 17
	441	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp, & ! 18
	442	20.0_wp, 15.0_wp, 0.03_wp & ! 19
[1496]	443	/), (/ 3, 19 /) )
	444
	445	!
	446	!-- Root distribution (sum = 1) level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4,
[1585]	447	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:19), PARAMETER :: root_distribution = RESHAPE( (/ &
	448	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 1
	449	0.35_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.23_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 2
	450	0.26_wp, 0.39_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.06_wp, & ! 3
	451	0.26_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.29_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 4
	452	0.24_wp, 0.38_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.07_wp, & ! 5
	453	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.14_wp, & ! 6
	454	0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.09_wp, & ! 7
	455	1.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 8
	456	0.47_wp, 0.45_wp, 0.08_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 9
	457	0.24_wp, 0.41_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.04_wp, & ! 10
	458	0.17_wp, 0.31_wp, 0.33_wp, 0.19_wp, & ! 11
	459	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 12
	460	0.25_wp, 0.34_wp, 0.27_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 13
	461	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 14
	462	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, & ! 15
	463	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 16
	464	0.23_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.30_wp, 0.11_wp, & ! 17
	465	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp, & ! 18
	466	0.19_wp, 0.35_wp, 0.36_wp, 0.10_wp & ! 19
[1496]	467	/), (/ 4, 19 /) )
	468
	469	!
	470	!-- Soil parameters according to the following porosity classes (soil_type)
[1551]	471
[1496]	472	!
[1551]	473	!-- Soil parameters I alpha_vg, l_vg, n_vg, gamma_w_sat
[1585]	474	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1496]	475	3.83_wp, 1.250_wp, 1.38_wp, 6.94E-6_wp, & ! 1
	476	3.14_wp, -2.342_wp, 1.28_wp, 1.16E-6_wp, & ! 2
	477	0.83_wp, -0.588_wp, 1.25_wp, 0.26E-6_wp, & ! 3
	478	3.67_wp, -1.977_wp, 1.10_wp, 2.87E-6_wp, & ! 4
	479	2.65_wp, 2.500_wp, 1.10_wp, 1.74E-6_wp, & ! 5
[1551]	480	1.30_wp, 0.400_wp, 1.20_wp, 0.93E-6_wp, & ! 6
	481	0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.00_wp, 0.57E-6_wp & ! 7
	482	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
[1496]	483
	484	!
	485	!-- Soil parameters II m_sat, m_fc, m_wilt, m_res
[1585]	486	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(0:3,1:7), PARAMETER :: m_soil_pars = RESHAPE( (/ &
[1496]	487	0.403_wp, 0.244_wp, 0.059_wp, 0.025_wp, & ! 1
	488	0.439_wp, 0.347_wp, 0.151_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 2
	489	0.430_wp, 0.383_wp, 0.133_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 3
	490	0.520_wp, 0.448_wp, 0.279_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 4
	491	0.614_wp, 0.541_wp, 0.335_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 5
[1551]	492	0.766_wp, 0.663_wp, 0.267_wp, 0.010_wp, & ! 6
	493	0.472_wp, 0.323_wp, 0.171_wp, 0.000_wp & ! 7
	494	/), (/ 4, 7 /) )
[1496]	495
	496
	497	SAVE
	498
	499
	500	PRIVATE
	501
	502
[1551]	503	!
	504	!-- Public parameters, constants and initial values
	505	PUBLIC alpha_vangenuchten, c_surface, canopy_resistance_coefficient, &
	506	conserve_water_content, dewfall, field_capacity, &
	507	f_shortwave_incoming, hydraulic_conductivity, init_lsm, &
	508	init_lsm_arrays, lambda_surface_stable, lambda_surface_unstable, &
	509	land_surface, leaf_area_index, lsm_energy_balance, lsm_soil_model, &
	510	lsm_swap_timelevel, l_vangenuchten, min_canopy_resistance, &
	511	min_soil_resistance, n_vangenuchten, residual_moisture, rho_cp, &
[1691]	512	rho_lv, root_fraction, saturation_moisture, skip_time_do_lsm, &
	513	soil_moisture, soil_temperature, soil_type, soil_type_name, &
	514	vegetation_coverage, veg_type, veg_type_name, wilting_point, z0_eb, &
	515	z0h_eb
[1496]	516
[1551]	517	!
	518	!-- Public grid and NetCDF variables
	519	PUBLIC dots_soil, id_dim_zs_xy, id_dim_zs_xz, id_dim_zs_yz, &
	520	id_dim_zs_3d, id_dim_zs_mask, id_var_zs_xy, id_var_zs_xz, &
	521	id_var_zs_yz, id_var_zs_3d, id_var_zs_mask, nzb_soil, nzs, nzt_soil,&
	522	zs
[1496]	523
[1551]	524	!
	525	!-- Public 2D output variables
	526	PUBLIC c_liq, c_liq_av, c_soil_av, c_veg, c_veg_av, ghf_eb, ghf_eb_av, &
	527	lai, lai_av, qsws_eb, qsws_eb_av, qsws_liq_eb, qsws_liq_eb_av, &
	528	qsws_soil_eb, qsws_soil_eb_av, qsws_veg_eb, qsws_veg_eb_av, &
[1555]	529	r_a, r_a_av, r_s, r_s_av, shf_eb, shf_eb_av
[1551]	530
	531	!
	532	!-- Public prognostic variables
	533	PUBLIC m_liq_eb, m_liq_eb_av, m_soil, m_soil_av, t_soil, t_soil_av
	534
[1496]	535	INTERFACE init_lsm
	536	MODULE PROCEDURE init_lsm
	537	END INTERFACE init_lsm
	538
	539	INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
	540	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_energy_balance
	541	END INTERFACE lsm_energy_balance
	542
	543	INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
	544	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_soil_model
	545	END INTERFACE lsm_soil_model
	546
[1551]	547	INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
	548	MODULE PROCEDURE lsm_swap_timelevel
	549	END INTERFACE lsm_swap_timelevel
[1496]	550
	551	CONTAINS
	552
	553
	554	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	555	! Description:
	556	! ------------
[1682]	557	!> Allocate land surface model arrays and define pointers
[1496]	558	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1551]	559	SUBROUTINE init_lsm_arrays
[1496]	560
	561
	562	IMPLICIT NONE
	563
	564	!
[1551]	565	!-- Allocate surface and soil temperature / humidity
[1496]	566	#if defined( __nopointer )
[1551]	567	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	568	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	569	ALLOCATE ( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	570	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	571	ALLOCATE ( t_surface(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	572	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_p(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	573	ALLOCATE ( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	574	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	575	#else
[1551]	576	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	577	ALLOCATE ( m_liq_eb_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	578	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	579	ALLOCATE ( m_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	580	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_1(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	581	ALLOCATE ( t_surface_2(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	582	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_1(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	583	ALLOCATE ( t_soil_2(nzb_soil:nzt_soil+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	584	#endif
	585
	586	!
[1551]	587	!-- Allocate intermediate timestep arrays
	588	ALLOCATE ( tm_liq_eb_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	589	ALLOCATE ( tm_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	590	ALLOCATE ( tt_surface_m(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	591	ALLOCATE ( tt_soil_m(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	592
	593	!
	594	!-- Allocate 2D vegetation model arrays
[1551]	595	ALLOCATE ( alpha_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	596	ALLOCATE ( c_liq(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	597	ALLOCATE ( c_veg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	598	ALLOCATE ( f_sw_in(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	599	ALLOCATE ( ghf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	600	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	601	ALLOCATE ( g_d(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	602	ALLOCATE ( lai(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	603	ALLOCATE ( l_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	604	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_u(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	605	ALLOCATE ( lambda_surface_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	606	ALLOCATE ( m_fc(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	607	ALLOCATE ( m_res(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	608	ALLOCATE ( m_sat(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	609	ALLOCATE ( m_wilt(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	610	ALLOCATE ( n_vg(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	611	ALLOCATE ( qsws_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	612	ALLOCATE ( qsws_soil_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	613	ALLOCATE ( qsws_liq_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	614	ALLOCATE ( qsws_veg_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1585]	615	ALLOCATE ( rad_net_l(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	616	ALLOCATE ( r_a(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	617	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	618	ALLOCATE ( r_soil(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	619	ALLOCATE ( r_soil_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	620	ALLOCATE ( r_s(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1551]	621	ALLOCATE ( r_canopy_min(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	622	ALLOCATE ( shf_eb(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	623
[1551]	624	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
[1496]	625	!
[1585]	626	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
[1551]	627	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
	628	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
	629	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
	630	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
	631	#endif
[1496]	632
	633
[1551]	634	END SUBROUTINE init_lsm_arrays
[1500]	635
[1551]	636	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	637	! Description:
	638	! ------------
[1682]	639	!> Initialization of the land surface model
[1551]	640	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	641	SUBROUTINE init_lsm
	642
	643
	644	IMPLICIT NONE
	645
[1682]	646	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	647	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	648	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1551]	649
[1709]	650	REAL(wp) :: pt1 !< potential temperature at first grid level
[1551]	651
[1691]	652
[1551]	653	!
	654	!-- Calculate Exner function
[1691]	655	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
[1551]	656
	657
	658	!
	659	!-- If no cloud physics is used, rho_surface has not been calculated before
	660	IF ( .NOT. cloud_physics ) THEN
	661	rho_surface = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp / ( r_d * pt_surface * exn )
	662	ENDIF
	663
	664	!
	665	!-- Calculate frequently used parameters
	666	rho_cp = cp * rho_surface
	667	rd_d_rv = r_d / r_v
	668	rho_lv = rho_surface * l_v
	669	drho_l_lv = 1.0_wp / (rho_l * l_v)
	670
	671	!
	672	!-- Set inital values for prognostic quantities
	673	tt_surface_m = 0.0_wp
	674	tt_soil_m = 0.0_wp
[1757]	675	tm_soil_m = 0.0_wp
[1551]	676	tm_liq_eb_m = 0.0_wp
	677	c_liq = 0.0_wp
	678
	679	ghf_eb = 0.0_wp
	680	shf_eb = rho_cp * shf
	681
[1500]	682	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1551]	683	qsws_eb = rho_l * l_v * qsws
[1500]	684	ELSE
[1551]	685	qsws_eb = 0.0_wp
[1500]	686	ENDIF
	687
[1551]	688	qsws_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
[1757]	689	qsws_soil_eb = 0.0_wp
[1551]	690	qsws_veg_eb = 0.0_wp
[1496]	691
	692	r_a = 50.0_wp
[1551]	693	r_s = 50.0_wp
[1496]	694	r_canopy = 0.0_wp
	695	r_soil = 0.0_wp
	696
	697	!
	698	!-- Allocate 3D soil model arrays
[1551]	699	ALLOCATE ( root_fr(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	700	ALLOCATE ( lambda_h(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	701	ALLOCATE ( rho_c_total(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	702
	703	lambda_h = 0.0_wp
	704	!
	705	!-- If required, allocate humidity-related variables for the soil model
	706	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1551]	707	ALLOCATE ( lambda_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
	708	ALLOCATE ( gamma_w(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
[1496]	709
	710	lambda_w = 0.0_wp
	711	ENDIF
	712
	713	!
	714	!-- Calculate grid spacings. Temperature and moisture are defined at
[1691]	715	!-- the edges of the soil layers (_stag), whereas gradients/fluxes are defined
	716	!-- at the centers
	717	dz_soil(nzb_soil) = zs(nzb_soil)
[1496]	718
[1691]	719	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
	720	dz_soil(k) = zs(k) - zs(k-1)
[1496]	721	ENDDO
[1691]	722	dz_soil(nzt_soil+1) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
[1496]	723
[1691]	724	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
	725	dz_soil_stag(k) = 0.5_wp * (dz_soil(k+1) + dz_soil(k))
[1496]	726	ENDDO
[1691]	727	dz_soil_stag(nzt_soil) = dz_soil(nzt_soil)
[1496]	728
[1551]	729	ddz_soil = 1.0_wp / dz_soil
	730	ddz_soil_stag = 1.0_wp / dz_soil_stag
	731
[1496]	732	!
[1551]	733	!-- Initialize standard soil types. It is possible to overwrite each
	734	!-- parameter by setting the respecticy NAMELIST variable to a
	735	!-- value /= 9999999.9.
	736	IF ( soil_type /= 0 ) THEN
	737
	738	IF ( alpha_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	739	alpha_vangenuchten = soil_pars(0,soil_type)
	740	ENDIF
	741
	742	IF ( l_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	743	l_vangenuchten = soil_pars(1,soil_type)
	744	ENDIF
	745
	746	IF ( n_vangenuchten == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	747	n_vangenuchten = soil_pars(2,soil_type)
	748	ENDIF
	749
	750	IF ( hydraulic_conductivity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	751	hydraulic_conductivity = soil_pars(3,soil_type)
	752	ENDIF
	753
	754	IF ( saturation_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	755	saturation_moisture = m_soil_pars(0,soil_type)
	756	ENDIF
	757
	758	IF ( field_capacity == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	759	field_capacity = m_soil_pars(1,soil_type)
	760	ENDIF
	761
	762	IF ( wilting_point == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	763	wilting_point = m_soil_pars(2,soil_type)
	764	ENDIF
	765
	766	IF ( residual_moisture == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	767	residual_moisture = m_soil_pars(3,soil_type)
	768	ENDIF
	769
[1496]	770	ENDIF
	771
[1551]	772	alpha_vg = alpha_vangenuchten
	773	l_vg = l_vangenuchten
	774	n_vg = n_vangenuchten
	775	gamma_w_sat = hydraulic_conductivity
	776	m_sat = saturation_moisture
	777	m_fc = field_capacity
	778	m_wilt = wilting_point
	779	m_res = residual_moisture
	780	r_soil_min = min_soil_resistance
	781
[1496]	782	!
[1551]	783	!-- Initial run actions
	784	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
[1496]	785
[1551]	786	t_soil = 0.0_wp
	787	m_liq_eb = 0.0_wp
	788	m_soil = 0.0_wp
[1496]	789
[1551]	790	!
	791	!-- Map user settings of T and q for each soil layer
	792	!-- (make sure that the soil moisture does not drop below the permanent
	793	!-- wilting point) -> problems with devision by zero)
[1691]	794	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	795	t_soil(k,:,:) = soil_temperature(k)
	796	m_soil(k,:,:) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),m_wilt(:,:))
	797	soil_moisture(k) = MAX(soil_moisture(k),wilting_point)
	798	ENDDO
	799	t_soil(nzt_soil+1,:,:) = soil_temperature(nzt_soil+1)
[1496]	800
[1551]	801	!
	802	!-- Calculate surface temperature
[1691]	803	t_surface = pt_surface * exn
[1496]	804
	805	!
[1551]	806	!-- Set artifical values for ts and us so that r_a has its initial value for
	807	!-- the first time step
	808	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	809	DO j = nysg, nyng
	810	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	811
[1691]	812	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
[1709]	813	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	814	ELSE
[1709]	815	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	816	ENDIF
	817
[1551]	818	!
	819	!-- Assure that r_a cannot be zero at model start
[1709]	820	IF ( pt1 == pt(k,j,i) ) pt1 = pt1 + 1.0E-10_wp
[1551]	821
[1691]	822	us(j,i) = 0.1_wp
[1709]	823	ts(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / r_a(j,i)
[1551]	824	shf(j,i) = - us(j,i) * ts(j,i)
	825	ENDDO
	826	ENDDO
	827
	828	!
	829	!-- Actions for restart runs
	830	ELSE
	831
	832	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	833	DO j = nysg, nyng
	834	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	835	t_surface(j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * exn
	836	ENDDO
	837	ENDDO
	838
	839	ENDIF
	840
[1691]	841	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	842	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_fraction(k)
	843	ENDDO
[1496]	844
[1551]	845	IF ( veg_type /= 0 ) THEN
	846	IF ( min_canopy_resistance == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	847	min_canopy_resistance = veg_pars(0,veg_type)
	848	ENDIF
	849	IF ( leaf_area_index == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	850	leaf_area_index = veg_pars(1,veg_type)
	851	ENDIF
	852	IF ( vegetation_coverage == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	853	vegetation_coverage = veg_pars(2,veg_type)
	854	ENDIF
	855	IF ( canopy_resistance_coefficient == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	856	canopy_resistance_coefficient= veg_pars(3,veg_type)
	857	ENDIF
	858	IF ( lambda_surface_stable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	859	lambda_surface_stable = surface_pars(0,veg_type)
	860	ENDIF
	861	IF ( lambda_surface_unstable == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	862	lambda_surface_unstable = surface_pars(1,veg_type)
	863	ENDIF
	864	IF ( f_shortwave_incoming == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	865	f_shortwave_incoming = surface_pars(2,veg_type)
	866	ENDIF
	867	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	868	roughness_length = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
	869	z0_eb = roughness_par(0,veg_type)
	870	ENDIF
	871	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	872	z0h_eb = roughness_par(1,veg_type)
	873	ENDIF
	874	z0h_factor = z0h_eb / z0_eb
[1496]	875
[1551]	876	IF ( ANY( root_fraction == 9999999.9_wp ) ) THEN
[1691]	877	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	878	root_fr(k,:,:) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
	879	root_fraction(k) = root_distribution(k,veg_type)
	880	ENDDO
	881	ENDIF
[1496]	882
[1553]	883	ELSE
	884
	885	IF ( z0_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	886	z0_eb = roughness_length
	887	ENDIF
	888	IF ( z0h_eb == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
	889	z0h_eb = z0_eb * z0h_factor
	890	ENDIF
	891
[1496]	892	ENDIF
	893
	894	!
[1551]	895	!-- Initialize vegetation
	896	r_canopy_min = min_canopy_resistance
	897	lai = leaf_area_index
	898	c_veg = vegetation_coverage
	899	g_d = canopy_resistance_coefficient
	900	lambda_surface_s = lambda_surface_stable
	901	lambda_surface_u = lambda_surface_unstable
	902	f_sw_in = f_shortwave_incoming
	903	z0 = z0_eb
	904	z0h = z0h_eb
	905
	906	!
[1496]	907	!-- Possibly do user-defined actions (e.g. define heterogeneous land surface)
	908	CALL user_init_land_surface
	909
[1500]	910
[1551]	911	t_soil_p = t_soil
	912	m_soil_p = m_soil
	913	m_liq_eb_p = m_liq_eb
[1709]	914	t_surface_p = t_surface
[1496]	915
[1709]	916
	917
[1551]	918	!-- Store initial profiles of t_soil and m_soil (assuming they are
	919	!-- horizontally homogeneous on this PE)
	920	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,90,:) = SPREAD( t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
	921	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
	922	statistic_regions+1 )
	923	hom(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,1,92,:) = SPREAD( m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil, &
	924	nysg,nxlg), 2, &
	925	statistic_regions+1 )
	926
[1496]	927	!
[1551]	928	!-- Add timeseries for land surface model
[1691]	929	dots_soil = dots_num + 1
	930	dots_num = dots_num + 8
[1585]	931
[1691]	932	dots_label(dots_soil) = "ghf_eb"
	933	dots_label(dots_soil+1) = "shf_eb"
	934	dots_label(dots_soil+2) = "qsws_eb"
	935	dots_label(dots_soil+3) = "qsws_liq_eb"
	936	dots_label(dots_soil+4) = "qsws_soil_eb"
	937	dots_label(dots_soil+5) = "qsws_veg_eb"
	938	dots_label(dots_soil+6) = "r_a"
	939	dots_label(dots_soil+7) = "r_s"
[1551]	940
[1691]	941	dots_unit(dots_soil:dots_soil+5) = "W/m2"
	942	dots_unit(dots_soil+6:dots_soil+7) = "s/m"
[1555]	943
[1496]	944
	945	END SUBROUTINE init_lsm
	946
	947
	948
	949	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	950	! Description:
	951	! ------------
[1682]	952	!> Solver for the energy balance at the surface.
[1496]	953	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	954	SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
	955
	956
	957	IMPLICIT NONE
	958
[1682]	959	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	960	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	961	INTEGER(iwp) :: k, ks !< running index
[1496]	962
[1682]	963	REAL(wp) :: f1, & !< resistance correction term 1
	964	f2, & !< resistance correction term 2
	965	f3, & !< resistance correction term 3
	966	m_min, & !< minimum soil moisture
	967	e, & !< water vapour pressure
	968	e_s, & !< water vapour saturation pressure
	969	e_s_dt, & !< derivate of e_s with respect to T
	970	tend, & !< tendency
	971	dq_s_dt, & !< derivate of q_s with respect to T
	972	coef_1, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
	973	coef_2, & !< coef. for prognostic equation
	974	f_qsws, & !< factor for qsws_eb
	975	f_qsws_veg, & !< factor for qsws_veg_eb
	976	f_qsws_soil, & !< factor for qsws_soil_eb
	977	f_qsws_liq, & !< factor for qsws_liq_eb
	978	f_shf, & !< factor for shf_eb
	979	lambda_surface, & !< Current value of lambda_surface
[1691]	980	m_liq_eb_max, & !< maxmimum value of the liq. water reservoir
[1709]	981	pt1, & !< potential temperature at first grid level
	982	qv1 !< specific humidity at first grid level
[1496]	983
	984	!
	985	!-- Calculate the exner function for the current time step
	986	exn = ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**0.286_wp
	987
[1691]	988	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	989	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1500]	990	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
[1496]	991
	992	!
[1551]	993	!-- Set lambda_surface according to stratification
[1695]	994	IF ( ol(j,i) >= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1551]	995	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_s(j,i)
[1496]	996	ELSE
[1551]	997	lambda_surface = lambda_surface_u(j,i)
[1496]	998	ENDIF
[1500]	999
[1496]	1000	!
[1500]	1001	!-- First step: calculate aerodyamic resistance. As pt, us, ts
	1002	!-- are not available for the prognostic time step, data from the last
	1003	!-- time step is used here. Note that this formulation is the
	1004	!-- equivalent to the ECMWF formulation using drag coefficients
[1691]	1005	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
[1709]	1006	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i) + l_d_cp * pt_d_t(k+1) * ql(k+1,j,i)
	1007	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	1008	ELSE
[1709]	1009	pt1 = pt(k+1,j,i)
	1010	qv1 = q(k+1,j,i)
[1691]	1011	ENDIF
[1496]	1012
[1709]	1013	r_a(j,i) = (pt1 - pt(k,j,i)) / (ts(j,i) * us(j,i) + 1.0E-20_wp)
[1691]	1014
[1496]	1015	!
[1709]	1016	!-- Make sure that the resistance does not drop to zero
	1017	IF ( ABS(r_a(j,i)) < 1.0E-10_wp ) r_a(j,i) = 1.0E-10_wp
	1018
	1019	!
[1496]	1020	!-- Second step: calculate canopy resistance r_canopy
	1021	!-- f1-f3 here are defined as 1/f1-f3 as in ECMWF documentation
	1022
[1551]	1023	!-- f1: correction for incoming shortwave radiation (stomata close at
	1024	!-- night)
[1585]	1025	IF ( radiation_scheme /= 'constant' ) THEN
[1709]	1026	f1 = MIN( 1.0_wp, ( 0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) + 0.05_wp ) / &
	1027	(0.81_wp * (0.004_wp * rad_sw_in(k,j,i) &
[1585]	1028	+ 1.0_wp)) )
[1551]	1029	ELSE
	1030	f1 = 1.0_wp
	1031	ENDIF
[1496]	1032
[1709]	1033
[1496]	1034	!
[1551]	1035	!-- f2: correction for soil moisture availability to plants (the
	1036	!-- integrated soil moisture must thus be considered here)
	1037	!-- f2 = 0 for very dry soils
[1496]	1038	m_total = 0.0_wp
[1691]	1039	DO ks = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	1040	m_total = m_total + root_fr(ks,j,i) &
	1041	* MAX(m_soil(ks,j,i),m_wilt(j,i))
[1496]	1042	ENDDO
	1043
[1691]	1044	IF ( m_total > m_wilt(j,i) .AND. m_total < m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
[1496]	1045	f2 = ( m_total - m_wilt(j,i) ) / (m_fc(j,i) - m_wilt(j,i) )
[1691]	1046	ELSEIF ( m_total >= m_fc(j,i) ) THEN
[1551]	1047	f2 = 1.0_wp
[1496]	1048	ELSE
	1049	f2 = 1.0E-20_wp
	1050	ENDIF
	1051
	1052	!
	1053	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
[1551]	1054	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface(j,i) &
	1055	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
[1496]	1056
	1057	!
	1058	!-- f3: correction for vapour pressure deficit
[1551]	1059	IF ( g_d(j,i) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1496]	1060	!
	1061	!-- Calculate vapour pressure
[1709]	1062	e = qv1 * surface_pressure / 0.622_wp
[1551]	1063	f3 = EXP ( -g_d(j,i) * (e_s - e) )
[1496]	1064	ELSE
	1065	f3 = 1.0_wp
	1066	ENDIF
	1067
	1068	!
[1551]	1069	!-- Calculate canopy resistance. In case that c_veg is 0 (bare soils),
	1070	!-- this calculation is obsolete, as r_canopy is not used below.
[1496]	1071	!-- To do: check for very dry soil -> r_canopy goes to infinity
[1551]	1072	r_canopy(j,i) = r_canopy_min(j,i) / (lai(j,i) * f1 * f2 * f3 &
	1073	+ 1.0E-20_wp)
[1496]	1074
	1075	!
[1551]	1076	!-- Third step: calculate bare soil resistance r_soil. The Clapp &
	1077	!-- Hornberger parametrization does not consider c_veg.
	1078	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
	1079	m_min = c_veg(j,i) * m_wilt(j,i) + (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) * &
	1080	m_res(j,i)
	1081	ELSE
	1082	m_min = m_wilt(j,i)
	1083	ENDIF
[1496]	1084
[1551]	1085	f2 = ( m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) - m_min ) / ( m_fc(j,i) - m_min )
[1513]	1086	f2 = MAX(f2,1.0E-20_wp)
[1551]	1087	f2 = MIN(f2,1.0_wp)
[1496]	1088
	1089	r_soil(j,i) = r_soil_min(j,i) / f2
	1090
	1091	!
	1092	!-- Calculate fraction of liquid water reservoir
[1551]	1093	m_liq_eb_max = m_max_depth * lai(j,i)
	1094	c_liq(j,i) = MIN(1.0_wp, m_liq_eb(j,i) / (m_liq_eb_max+1.0E-20_wp))
	1095
[1496]	1096
[1551]	1097	!
	1098	!-- Calculate saturation specific humidity
[1496]	1099	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
[1500]	1100
	1101	!
[1551]	1102	!-- In case of dewfall, set evapotranspiration to zero
	1103	!-- All super-saturated water is then removed from the air
[1709]	1104	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 ) THEN
[1551]	1105	r_canopy(j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1106	r_soil(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1691]	1107	ENDIF
[1496]	1108
	1109	!
	1110	!-- Calculate coefficients for the total evapotranspiration
[1551]	1111	f_qsws_veg = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * (1.0_wp - c_liq(j,i))/ &
	1112	(r_a(j,i) + r_canopy(j,i))
[1496]	1113
[1551]	1114	f_qsws_soil = rho_lv * (1.0_wp - c_veg(j,i)) / (r_a(j,i) + &
	1115	r_soil(j,i))
	1116	f_qsws_liq = rho_lv * c_veg(j,i) * c_liq(j,i) / r_a(j,i)
[1496]	1117
[1551]	1118
[1500]	1119	!
	1120	!-- If soil moisture is below wilting point, plants do no longer
	1121	!-- transpirate.
[1691]	1122	! IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) < m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
[1551]	1123	! f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1124	! ENDIF
[1496]	1125
	1126	!
[1551]	1127	!-- If dewfall is deactivated, vegetation, soil and liquid water
	1128	!-- reservoir are not allowed to take up water from the super-saturated
	1129	!-- air.
[1709]	1130	IF ( humidity .AND. q_s <= qv1 .AND. .NOT. dewfall ) THEN
	1131	f_qsws_veg = 0.0_wp
	1132	f_qsws_soil = 0.0_wp
	1133	f_qsws_liq = 0.0_wp
[1551]	1134	ENDIF
	1135
	1136	f_shf = rho_cp / r_a(j,i)
	1137	f_qsws = f_qsws_veg + f_qsws_soil + f_qsws_liq
	1138
	1139	!
[1496]	1140	!-- Calculate derivative of q_s for Taylor series expansion
[1571]	1141	e_s_dt = e_s * ( 17.269_wp / (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp) - &
[1551]	1142	17.269_wp*(t_surface(j,i) - 273.16_wp) &
	1143	/ (t_surface(j,i) - 35.86_wp)**2 )
[1496]	1144
[1571]	1145	dq_s_dt = 0.622_wp * e_s_dt / surface_pressure
[1496]	1146
	1147	!
	1148	!-- Add LW up so that it can be removed in prognostic equation
[1691]	1149	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net(j,i) + rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i)
[1496]	1150
[1500]	1151	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1691]	1152	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1496]	1153	!
[1500]	1154	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1155	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1156	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1157	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1158	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) + lambda_surface &
[1551]	1159	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
[1496]	1160
	1161	!
[1500]	1162	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1163	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + f_qsws * dq_s_dt &
[1691]	1164	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
	1165	#else
[1496]	1166
[1691]	1167	!
	1168	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
	1169	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
	1170	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 &
[1709]	1171	+ f_shf * pt1 + f_qsws * ( qv1 &
[1691]	1172	- q_s + dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) ) &
	1173	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
	1174
	1175	!
[1709]	1176	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
	1177	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 + f_qsws &
	1178	* dq_s_dt + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1179
	1180	#endif
[1500]	1181	ELSE
	1182
[1691]	1183	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1500]	1184	!
	1185	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1186	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1187	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1188	+ f_shf * pt1 + lambda_surface &
[1551]	1189	* t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
[1500]	1190
	1191	!
	1192	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1709]	1193	coef_2 = rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) + lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1194	#else
	1195
	1196	!
	1197	!-- Numerator of the prognostic equation
	1198	coef_1 = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
[1709]	1199	* t_surface(j,i) ** 4 + f_shf * pt1 &
[1691]	1200	+ lambda_surface * t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i)
	1201
	1202	!
	1203	!-- Denominator of the prognostic equation
[1571]	1204	coef_2 = 4.0_wp * sigma_sb * t_surface(j,i) ** 3 &
[1551]	1205	+ lambda_surface + f_shf / exn
[1691]	1206	#endif
[1500]	1207	ENDIF
	1208
[1496]	1209	tend = 0.0_wp
	1210
	1211	!
[1551]	1212	!-- Implicit solution when the surface layer has no heat capacity,
[1496]	1213	!-- otherwise use RK3 scheme.
[1551]	1214	t_surface_p(j,i) = ( coef_1 * dt_3d * tsc(2) + c_surface * &
	1215	t_surface(j,i) ) / ( c_surface + coef_2 * dt_3d&
	1216	* tsc(2) )
[1496]	1217	!
	1218	!-- Add RK3 term
[1691]	1219	IF ( c_surface /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1496]	1220
[1691]	1221	t_surface_p(j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) + dt_3d * tsc(3) &
	1222	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
	1223
[1496]	1224	!
[1691]	1225	!-- Calculate true tendency
	1226	tend = (t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) - dt_3d * tsc(3) &
	1227	* tt_surface_m(j,i)) / (dt_3d * tsc(2))
[1496]	1228	!
[1691]	1229	!-- Calculate t_surface tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	1230	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1231	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
	1232	tt_surface_m(j,i) = tend
	1233	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1234	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
	1235	tt_surface_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
	1236	* tt_surface_m(j,i)
	1237	ENDIF
[1496]	1238	ENDIF
[1691]	1239
[1496]	1240	ENDIF
	1241
	1242	!
[1757]	1243	!-- In case of fast changes in the skin temperature, it is possible to
	1244	!-- update the radiative fluxes independently from the prescribed
	1245	!-- radiation call frequency. This effectively prevents oscillations,
	1246	!-- especially when setting skip_time_do_radiation /= 0. The threshold
	1247	!-- value of 0.2 used here is just a first guess. This method should be
	1248	!-- revised in the future as tests have shown that the threshold is
	1249	!-- often reached, when no oscillations would occur (causes immense
	1250	!-- computing time for the radiation code).
	1251	IF ( ABS( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) ) > 0.2_wp .AND. &
	1252	unscheduled_radiation_calls ) THEN
[1691]	1253	force_radiation_call_l = .TRUE.
	1254	ENDIF
	1255
	1256	pt(k,j,i) = t_surface_p(j,i) / exn
	1257
	1258	!
[1496]	1259	!-- Calculate fluxes
[1691]	1260	#if defined ( __rrtmg )
[1709]	1261	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1262	* t_surface(j,i) - rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1263	- rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) * t_surface_p(j,i)
[1691]	1264
	1265	IF ( rrtm_idrv == 1 ) THEN
	1266	rad_net(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i)
	1267	rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) = rad_lw_out(nzb,j,i) &
[1709]	1268	+ rad_lw_out_change_0(j,i) &
[1691]	1269	* ( t_surface_p(j,i) - t_surface(j,i) )
	1270	ENDIF
	1271	#else
	1272	rad_net_l(j,i) = rad_net_l(j,i) + 3.0_wp * sigma_sb &
	1273	* t_surface(j,i)*4 - 4.0_wp sigma_sb &
	1274	* t_surface(j,i)*3 t_surface_p(j,i)
	1275	#endif
	1276
[1709]	1277
[1551]	1278	ghf_eb(j,i) = lambda_surface * (t_surface_p(j,i) &
	1279	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i))
[1496]	1280
[1709]	1281	shf_eb(j,i) = - f_shf * ( pt1 - pt(k,j,i) )
[1691]	1282
	1283	shf(j,i) = shf_eb(j,i) / rho_cp
	1284
[1500]	1285	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1709]	1286	qsws_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
[1571]	1287	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) )
[1496]	1288
[1691]	1289	qsws(j,i) = qsws_eb(j,i) / rho_lv
	1290
[1709]	1291	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_veg * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1292	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1293	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
	1294
[1709]	1295	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_soil * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1296	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1297	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
	1298
[1709]	1299	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = - f_qsws_liq * ( qv1 - q_s &
[1571]	1300	+ dq_s_dt * t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt &
[1551]	1301	* t_surface_p(j,i) )
[1500]	1302	ENDIF
	1303	!
	1304	!-- Calculate the true surface resistance
[1691]	1305	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) == 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1551]	1306	r_s(j,i) = 1.0E10_wp
[1496]	1307	ELSE
[1709]	1308	r_s(j,i) = - rho_lv * ( qv1 - q_s + dq_s_dt &
[1571]	1309	* t_surface(j,i) - dq_s_dt * t_surface_p(j,i) ) &
[1551]	1310	/ qsws_eb(j,i) - r_a(j,i)
[1496]	1311	ENDIF
	1312
	1313	!
	1314	!-- Calculate change in liquid water reservoir due to dew fall or
[1500]	1315	!-- evaporation of liquid water
	1316	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1496]	1317	!
[1571]	1318	!-- If precipitation is activated, add rain water to qsws_liq_eb
	1319	!-- and qsws_soil_eb according the the vegetation coverage.
[1500]	1320	!-- precipitation_rate is given in mm.
	1321	IF ( precipitation ) THEN
[1571]	1322
	1323	!
	1324	!-- Add precipitation to liquid water reservoir, if possible.
	1325	!-- Otherwise, add the water to bare soil fraction.
[1691]	1326	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) /= m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
[1571]	1327	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) &
[1691]	1328	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1329	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
	1330	ELSE
	1331	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
[1691]	1332	+ c_veg(j,i) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1333	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
	1334	ENDIF
	1335
	1336	!-- Add precipitation to bare soil according to the bare soil
	1337	!-- coverage.
	1338	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) * (1.0_wp &
[1691]	1339	- c_veg(j,i)) * prr(k,j,i) * hyrho(k) &
[1571]	1340	* 0.001_wp * rho_l * l_v
[1496]	1341	ENDIF
[1691]	1342
[1500]	1343	!
	1344	!-- If the air is saturated, check the reservoir water level
[1691]	1345	IF ( qsws_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1346
[1500]	1347	!
[1551]	1348	!-- Check if reservoir is full (avoid values > m_liq_eb_max)
	1349	!-- In that case, qsws_liq_eb goes to qsws_soil_eb. In this
	1350	!-- case qsws_veg_eb is zero anyway (because c_liq = 1),
	1351	!-- so that tend is zero and no further check is needed
[1691]	1352	IF ( m_liq_eb(j,i) == m_liq_eb_max ) THEN
[1551]	1353	qsws_soil_eb(j,i) = qsws_soil_eb(j,i) &
	1354	+ qsws_liq_eb(j,i)
	1355	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1500]	1356	ENDIF
[1496]	1357
	1358	!
[1551]	1359	!-- In case qsws_veg_eb becomes negative (unphysical behavior),
	1360	!-- let the water enter the liquid water reservoir as dew on the
[1500]	1361	!-- plant
[1691]	1362	IF ( qsws_veg_eb(j,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
[1551]	1363	qsws_liq_eb(j,i) = qsws_liq_eb(j,i) + qsws_veg_eb(j,i)
	1364	qsws_veg_eb(j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1500]	1365	ENDIF
	1366	ENDIF
[1496]	1367
[1551]	1368	tend = - qsws_liq_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv
[1496]	1369
[1551]	1370	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = m_liq_eb(j,i) + dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend &
	1371	+ tsc(3) * tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) )
[1496]	1372
	1373	!
[1500]	1374	!-- Check if reservoir is overfull -> reduce to maximum
	1375	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
[1551]	1376	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MIN(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),m_liq_eb_max)
[1496]	1377
	1378	!
[1500]	1379	!-- Check if reservoir is empty (avoid values < 0.0)
	1380	!-- (conservation of water is violated here)
[1551]	1381	m_liq_eb_p(j,i) = MAX(m_liq_eb_p(j,i),0.0_wp)
[1496]	1382
	1383
	1384	!
[1551]	1385	!-- Calculate m_liq_eb tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
[1500]	1386	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1387	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
[1551]	1388	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = tend
[1500]	1389	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1390	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[1551]	1391	tm_liq_eb_m(j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend + 5.3125_wp &
	1392	* tm_liq_eb_m(j,i)
[1500]	1393	ENDIF
[1496]	1394	ENDIF
	1395
[1500]	1396	ENDIF
	1397
[1496]	1398	ENDDO
[1500]	1399	ENDDO
[1496]	1400
[1691]	1401	!
	1402	!-- Make a logical OR for all processes. Force radiation call if at
[1757]	1403	!-- least one processor reached the threshold change in skin temperature
	1404	IF ( unscheduled_radiation_calls .AND. intermediate_timestep_count &
	1405	== intermediate_timestep_count_max-1 ) THEN
[1697]	1406	#if defined( __parallel )
[1691]	1407	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
	1408	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( force_radiation_call_l, force_radiation_call, &
	1409	1, MPI_LOGICAL, MPI_LOR, comm2d, ierr )
	1410	#else
	1411	force_radiation_call = force_radiation_call_l
	1412	#endif
	1413	force_radiation_call_l = .FALSE.
	1414	ENDIF
	1415
	1416
[1496]	1417	END SUBROUTINE lsm_energy_balance
	1418
	1419
	1420	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1421	! Description:
	1422	! ------------
[1682]	1423	!> Soil model as part of the land surface model. The model predicts soil
	1424	!> temperature and water content.
[1496]	1425	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1426	SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
	1427
	1428
	1429	IMPLICIT NONE
	1430
[1682]	1431	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< running index
	1432	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< running index
	1433	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< running index
[1496]	1434
[1682]	1435	REAL(wp) :: h_vg !< Van Genuchten coef. h
[1496]	1436
[1682]	1437	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(nzb_soil:nzt_soil) :: gamma_temp, & !< temp. gamma
[1691]	1438	lambda_temp, & !< temp. lambda
	1439	tend !< tendency
[1496]	1440
[1691]	1441	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1442	DO j = nysg, nyng
	1443	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1496]	1444	!
	1445	!-- Calculate volumetric heat capacity of the soil, taking into
	1446	!-- account water content
[1551]	1447	rho_c_total(k,j,i) = (rho_c_soil * (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) &
	1448	+ rho_c_water * m_soil(k,j,i))
[1496]	1449
	1450	!
[1691]	1451	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity at the center of the soil
[1496]	1452	!-- layers
[1691]	1453	lambda_h_sat = lambda_h_sm ** (1.0_wp - m_sat(j,i)) * &
	1454	lambda_h_water ** m_soil(k,j,i)
	1455
[1551]	1456	ke = 1.0_wp + LOG10(MAX(0.1_wp,m_soil(k,j,i) / m_sat(j,i)))
[1691]	1457
	1458	lambda_temp(k) = ke * (lambda_h_sat - lambda_h_dry) + &
[1496]	1459	lambda_h_dry
	1460
	1461	ENDDO
	1462
	1463	!
	1464	!-- Calculate soil heat conductivity (lambda_h) at the _stag level
	1465	!-- using linear interpolation
[1691]	1466	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
	1467	lambda_h(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) * 0.5_wp
[1496]	1468	ENDDO
[1551]	1469	lambda_h(nzt_soil,j,i) = lambda_temp(nzt_soil)
[1496]	1470
	1471	!
[1551]	1472	!-- Prognostic equation for soil temperature t_soil
[1496]	1473	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
[1691]	1474	tend(nzb_soil) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(nzb_soil,j,i)) * &
[1551]	1475	( lambda_h(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( t_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) &
[1691]	1476	- t_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) &
[1551]	1477	+ ghf_eb(j,i) ) * ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
[1496]	1478
[1691]	1479
	1480
	1481
	1482	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil
[1551]	1483	tend(k) = (1.0_wp/rho_c_total(k,j,i)) &
[1496]	1484	* ( lambda_h(k,j,i) &
[1551]	1485	* ( t_soil(k+1,j,i) - t_soil(k,j,i) ) &
[1691]	1486	* ddz_soil(k+1) &
[1496]	1487	- lambda_h(k-1,j,i) &
[1551]	1488	* ( t_soil(k,j,i) - t_soil(k-1,j,i) ) &
[1691]	1489	* ddz_soil(k) &
[1496]	1490	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
	1491	ENDDO
	1492
[1551]	1493	t_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = t_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) &
[1496]	1494	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) &
	1495	* tend(:) + tsc(3) &
[1551]	1496	* tt_soil_m(:,j,i) )
[1496]	1497
	1498	!
[1551]	1499	!-- Calculate t_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
[1496]	1500	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1501	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
[1551]	1502	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1503	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
[1496]	1504	ENDDO
	1505	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1506	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[1551]	1507	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1508	tt_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
	1509	* tt_soil_m(k,j,i)
[1496]	1510	ENDDO
	1511	ENDIF
	1512	ENDIF
	1513
	1514
[1691]	1515	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1551]	1516
[1496]	1517	!
	1518	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity at the center of the soil layers
[1551]	1519	lambda_temp(k) = (- b_ch * gamma_w_sat(j,i) * psi_sat &
[1496]	1520	/ m_sat(j,i) ) * ( MAX(m_soil(k,j,i), &
[1551]	1521	m_wilt(j,i)) / m_sat(j,i) )**(b_ch + 2.0_wp)
[1496]	1522
	1523	!
[1551]	1524	!-- Parametrization of Van Genuchten
	1525	IF ( soil_type /= 7 ) THEN
	1526	!
	1527	!-- Calculate the hydraulic conductivity after Van Genuchten
	1528	!-- (1980)
	1529	h_vg = ( ( (m_res(j,i) - m_sat(j,i)) / ( m_res(j,i) - &
	1530	MAX(m_soil(k,j,i),m_wilt(j,i)) ) )**(n_vg(j,i) &
	1531	/ (n_vg(j,i)-1.0_wp)) - 1.0_wp &
	1532	)**(1.0_wp/n_vg(j,i)) / alpha_vg(j,i)
[1496]	1533
[1691]	1534
[1551]	1535	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * ( ( (1.0_wp + &
	1536	(alpha_vg(j,i)h_vg)n_vg(j,i))*(1.0_wp &
	1537	-1.0_wp/n_vg(j,i)) - (alpha_vg(j,i)*h_vg &
	1538	)(n_vg(j,i)-1.0_wp))2 ) &
	1539	/ ( (1.0_wp + (alpha_vg(j,i)*h_vg &
	1540	)n_vg(j,i))((1.0_wp - 1.0_wp/n_vg(j,i)) &
	1541	*(l_vg(j,i) + 2.0_wp)) )
[1496]	1542
[1551]	1543	!
	1544	!-- Parametrization of Clapp & Hornberger
	1545	ELSE
	1546	gamma_temp(k) = gamma_w_sat(j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) &
	1547	/ m_sat(j,i) )*(2.0_wp b_ch + 3.0_wp)
	1548	ENDIF
	1549
[1496]	1550	ENDDO
	1551
	1552
	1553	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1554	!
	1555	!-- Calculate soil diffusivity (lambda_w) at the _stag level
[1551]	1556	!-- using linear interpolation. To do: replace this with
	1557	!-- ECMWF-IFS Eq. 8.81
[1691]	1558	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil-1
[1496]	1559
[1691]	1560	lambda_w(k,j,i) = ( lambda_temp(k+1) + lambda_temp(k) ) &
	1561	* 0.5_wp
	1562	gamma_w(k,j,i) = ( gamma_temp(k+1) + gamma_temp(k) ) &
	1563	* 0.5_wp
[1496]	1564
	1565	ENDDO
	1566
	1567	!
	1568	!
	1569	!-- In case of a closed bottom (= water content is conserved), set
	1570	!-- hydraulic conductivity to zero to that no water will be lost
	1571	!-- in the bottom layer.
	1572	IF ( conserve_water_content ) THEN
[1551]	1573	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = 0.0_wp
[1496]	1574	ELSE
[1691]	1575	gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) = gamma_temp(nzt_soil)
[1496]	1576	ENDIF
	1577
[1551]	1578	!-- The root extraction (= root_extr * qsws_veg_eb / (rho_l * l_v))
[1496]	1579	!-- ensures the mass conservation for water. The transpiration of
	1580	!-- plants equals the cumulative withdrawals by the roots in the
	1581	!-- soil. The scheme takes into account the availability of water
	1582	!-- in the soil layers as well as the root fraction in the
[1551]	1583	!-- respective layer. Layer with moisture below wilting point will
	1584	!-- not contribute, which reflects the preference of plants to
	1585	!-- take water from moister layers.
[1496]	1586
	1587	!
[1691]	1588	!-- Calculate the root extraction (ECMWF 7.69, the sum of root_extr
	1589	!-- = 1). The energy balance solver guarantees a positive
	1590	!-- transpiration, so that there is no need for an additional check.
	1591	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1592	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
[1551]	1593	m_total = m_total + root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i)
	1594	ENDIF
[1496]	1595	ENDDO
	1596
[1691]	1597	IF ( m_total > 0.0_wp ) THEN
	1598	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1599	IF ( m_soil(k,j,i) > m_wilt(j,i) ) THEN
	1600	root_extr(k) = root_fr(k,j,i) * m_soil(k,j,i) / m_total
	1601	ELSE
	1602	root_extr(k) = 0.0_wp
	1603	ENDIF
	1604	ENDDO
	1605	ENDIF
[1496]	1606
	1607	!
	1608	!-- Prognostic equation for soil water content m_soil
	1609	tend(:) = 0.0_wp
[1551]	1610	tend(nzb_soil) = ( lambda_w(nzb_soil,j,i) * ( &
	1611	m_soil(nzb_soil+1,j,i) - m_soil(nzb_soil,j,i) ) &
[1691]	1612	* ddz_soil(nzb_soil+1) - gamma_w(nzb_soil,j,i) - ( &
[1551]	1613	root_extr(nzb_soil) * qsws_veg_eb(j,i) &
	1614	+ qsws_soil_eb(j,i) ) * drho_l_lv ) &
	1615	* ddz_soil_stag(nzb_soil)
[1496]	1616
[1551]	1617	DO k = nzb_soil+1, nzt_soil-1
[1496]	1618	tend(k) = ( lambda_w(k,j,i) * ( m_soil(k+1,j,i) &
[1691]	1619	- m_soil(k,j,i) ) * ddz_soil(k+1) - gamma_w(k,j,i)&
	1620	- lambda_w(k-1,j,i) * (m_soil(k,j,i) - &
	1621	m_soil(k-1,j,i)) * ddz_soil(k) &
	1622	+ gamma_w(k-1,j,i) - (root_extr(k) &
	1623	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv) &
[1496]	1624	) * ddz_soil_stag(k)
	1625
	1626	ENDDO
[1551]	1627	tend(nzt_soil) = ( - gamma_w(nzt_soil,j,i) &
	1628	- lambda_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) &
	1629	* (m_soil(nzt_soil,j,i) &
	1630	- m_soil(nzt_soil-1,j,i)) &
[1691]	1631	* ddz_soil(nzt_soil) &
[1551]	1632	+ gamma_w(nzt_soil-1,j,i) - ( &
	1633	root_extr(nzt_soil) &
	1634	* qsws_veg_eb(j,i) * drho_l_lv ) &
	1635	) * ddz_soil_stag(nzt_soil)
[1496]	1636
[1551]	1637	m_soil_p(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i) = m_soil(nzb_soil:nzt_soil,j,i)&
[1496]	1638	+ dt_3d * ( tsc(2) * tend(:) &
	1639	+ tsc(3) * tm_soil_m(:,j,i) )
	1640
	1641	!
	1642	!-- Account for dry soils (find a better solution here!)
[1757]	1643	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
	1644	IF ( m_soil_p(k,j,i) < 0.0_wp ) m_soil_p(k,j,i) = 0.0_wp
	1645	ENDDO
[1496]	1646
[1757]	1647
	1648
	1649
[1496]	1650	!
	1651	!-- Calculate m_soil tendencies for the next Runge-Kutta step
	1652	IF ( timestep_scheme(1:5) == 'runge' ) THEN
	1653	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
[1551]	1654	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1496]	1655	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = tend(k)
	1656	ENDDO
	1657	ELSEIF ( intermediate_timestep_count < &
	1658	intermediate_timestep_count_max ) THEN
[1551]	1659	DO k = nzb_soil, nzt_soil
[1496]	1660	tm_soil_m(k,j,i) = -9.5625_wp * tend(k) + 5.3125_wp &
	1661	* tm_soil_m(k,j,i)
	1662	ENDDO
	1663	ENDIF
	1664	ENDIF
	1665
	1666	ENDIF
	1667
	1668	ENDDO
	1669	ENDDO
	1670
	1671	!
	1672	!-- Calculate surface specific humidity
	1673	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1551]	1674	CALL calc_q_surface
[1496]	1675	ENDIF
	1676
	1677
	1678	END SUBROUTINE lsm_soil_model
	1679
	1680
	1681	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1682	! Description:
	1683	! ------------
[1682]	1684	!> Calculation of specific humidity of the surface layer (surface)
[1496]	1685	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
[1551]	1686	SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
[1496]	1687
	1688	IMPLICIT NONE
	1689
[1682]	1690	INTEGER :: i !< running index
	1691	INTEGER :: j !< running index
	1692	INTEGER :: k !< running index
	1693	REAL(wp) :: resistance !< aerodynamic and soil resistance term
[1496]	1694
[1691]	1695	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
	1696	DO j = nysg, nyng
[1496]	1697	k = nzb_s_inner(j,i)
	1698
	1699	!
	1700	!-- Calculate water vapour pressure at saturation
[1691]	1701	e_s = 0.01_wp * 610.78_wp * EXP( 17.269_wp * ( t_surface_p(j,i) &
	1702	- 273.16_wp ) / ( t_surface_p(j,i) - 35.86_wp ) )
[1496]	1703
	1704	!
	1705	!-- Calculate specific humidity at saturation
	1706	q_s = 0.622_wp * e_s / surface_pressure
	1707
	1708	resistance = r_a(j,i) / (r_a(j,i) + r_s(j,i))
	1709
	1710	!
	1711	!-- Calculate specific humidity at surface
[1691]	1712	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
	1713	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
	1714	* ( q(k+1,j,i) - ql(k+1,j,i) )
	1715	ELSE
	1716	q(k,j,i) = resistance * q_s + (1.0_wp - resistance) &
	1717	* q(k+1,j,i)
	1718	ENDIF
[1496]	1719
[1691]	1720	!
	1721	!-- Update virtual potential temperature
	1722	vpt(k,j,i) = pt(k,j,i) * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q(k,j,i) )
	1723
[1496]	1724	ENDDO
	1725	ENDDO
	1726
[1551]	1727	END SUBROUTINE calc_q_surface
[1496]	1728
[1551]	1729	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1730	! Description:
	1731	! ------------
[1682]	1732	!> Swapping of timelevels
[1551]	1733	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
	1734	SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel ( mod_count )
[1496]	1735
[1551]	1736	IMPLICIT NONE
	1737
	1738	INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: mod_count
	1739
	1740	#if defined( __nopointer )
	1741
	1742	t_surface = t_surface_p
	1743	t_soil = t_soil_p
	1744	IF ( humidity ) THEN
	1745	m_soil = m_soil_p
	1746	m_liq_eb = m_liq_eb_p
	1747	ENDIF
	1748
	1749	#else
	1750
	1751	SELECT CASE ( mod_count )
	1752
	1753	CASE ( 0 )
	1754
[1585]	1755	t_surface => t_surface_1; t_surface_p => t_surface_2
	1756	t_soil => t_soil_1; t_soil_p => t_soil_2
[1551]	1757	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1585]	1758	m_soil => m_soil_1; m_soil_p => m_soil_2
	1759	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_1; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_2
[1551]	1760	ENDIF
	1761
	1762
	1763	CASE ( 1 )
	1764
[1585]	1765	t_surface => t_surface_2; t_surface_p => t_surface_1
	1766	t_soil => t_soil_2; t_soil_p => t_soil_1
[1551]	1767	IF ( humidity ) THEN
[1585]	1768	m_soil => m_soil_2; m_soil_p => m_soil_1
	1769	m_liq_eb => m_liq_eb_2; m_liq_eb_p => m_liq_eb_1
[1551]	1770	ENDIF
	1771
	1772	END SELECT
	1773	#endif
	1774
	1775	END SUBROUTINE lsm_swap_timelevel
	1776
	1777
[1496]	1778	END MODULE land_surface_model_mod

Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.

Download in other formats:

| Impressum | ©Leibniz Universität Hannover |