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1	!> @file init_3d_model.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of PALM.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2017 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! ------------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: init_3d_model.f90 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring $
27	!
28	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
29	! Adjustments to new topography and surface concept:
30	! - Modify passed parameters for disturb_field
31	! - Topography representation via flags
32	! - Remove unused arrays.
33	! - Move initialization of surface-related quantities to surface_mod
34	!
35	! 2172 2017-03-08 15:55:25Z knoop
36	! Bugfix: moved parallel random generator initialization into its module
37	!
38	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
39	! OpenACC directives removed
40	!
41	! 2037 2016-10-26 11:15:40Z knoop
42	! Anelastic approximation implemented
43	!
44	! 2031 2016-10-21 15:11:58Z knoop
45	! renamed variable rho to rho_ocean
46	!
47	! 2011 2016-09-19 17:29:57Z kanani
48	! Flag urban_surface is now defined in module control_parameters.
49	!
50	! 2007 2016-08-24 15:47:17Z kanani
51	! Added support for urban surface model,
52	! adjusted location_message in case of plant_canopy
53	!
54	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
55	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
56	!
57	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
58	! Initializaton of scalarflux at model top
59	! Bugfixes in initialization of surface and top salinity flux, top scalar and
60	! humidity fluxes
61	!
62	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
63	! Separate humidity and passive scalar
64	! Increase dimension for mean_inflow_profiles
65	! Remove inadvertent write-statement
66	! Bugfix, large-scale forcing is still not implemented for passive scalars
67	!
68	! 1957 2016-07-07 10:43:48Z suehring
69	! flight module added
70	!
71	! 1920 2016-05-30 10:50:15Z suehring
72	! Initialize us with very small number to avoid segmentation fault during
73	! calculation of Obukhov length
74	!
75	! 1918 2016-05-27 14:35:57Z raasch
76	! intermediate_timestep_count is set 0 instead 1 for first call of pres,
77	! bugfix: initialization of local sum arrays are moved to the beginning of the
78	! routine because otherwise results from pres are overwritten
79	!
80	! 1914 2016-05-26 14:44:07Z witha
81	! Added initialization of the wind turbine model
82	!
83	! 1878 2016-04-19 12:30:36Z hellstea
84	! The zeroth element of weight_pres removed as unnecessary
85	!
86	! 1849 2016-04-08 11:33:18Z hoffmann
87	! Adapted for modularization of microphysics.
88	! precipitation_amount, precipitation_rate, prr moved to arrays_3d.
89	! Initialization of nc_1d, nr_1d, pt_1d, qc_1d, qr_1d, q_1d moved to
90	! microphysics_init.
91	!
92	! 1845 2016-04-08 08:29:13Z raasch
93	! nzb_2d replaced by nzb_u\|v_inner
94	!
95	! 1833 2016-04-07 14:23:03Z raasch
96	! initialization of spectra quantities moved to spectra_mod
97	!
98	! 1831 2016-04-07 13:15:51Z hoffmann
99	! turbulence renamed collision_turbulence
100	!
101	! 1826 2016-04-07 12:01:39Z maronga
102	! Renamed radiation calls.
103	! Renamed canopy model calls.
104	!
105	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
106	! icloud_scheme replaced by microphysics_*
107	!
108	! 1817 2016-04-06 15:44:20Z maronga
109	! Renamed lsm calls.
110	!
111	! 1815 2016-04-06 13:49:59Z raasch
112	! zero-settings for velocities inside topography re-activated (was deactivated
113	! in r1762)
114	!
115	! 1788 2016-03-10 11:01:04Z maronga
116	! Added z0q.
117	! Syntax layout improved.
118	!
119	! 1783 2016-03-06 18:36:17Z raasch
120	! netcdf module name changed + related changes
121	!
122	! 1764 2016-02-28 12:45:19Z raasch
123	! bugfix: increase size of volume_flow_area_l and volume_flow_initial_l by 1
124	!
125	! 1762 2016-02-25 12:31:13Z hellstea
126	! Introduction of nested domain feature
127	!
128	! 1738 2015-12-18 13:56:05Z raasch
129	! calculate mean surface level height for each statistic region
130	!
131	! 1734 2015-12-02 12:17:12Z raasch
132	! no initial disturbances in case that the disturbance energy limit has been
133	! set zero
134	!
135	! 1707 2015-11-02 15:24:52Z maronga
136	! Bugfix: transfer of Richardson number from 1D model to Obukhov length caused
137	! devision by zero in neutral stratification
138	!
139	! 1691 2015-10-26 16:17:44Z maronga
140	! Call to init_surface_layer added. rif is replaced by ol and zeta.
141	!
142	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
143	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
144	!
145	! 1615 2015-07-08 18:49:19Z suehring
146	! Enable turbulent inflow for passive_scalar and humidity
147	!
148	! 1585 2015-04-30 07:05:52Z maronga
149	! Initialization of radiation code is now done after LSM initializtion
150	!
151	! 1575 2015-03-27 09:56:27Z raasch
152	! adjustments for psolver-queries
153	!
154	! 1551 2015-03-03 14:18:16Z maronga
155	! Allocation of land surface arrays is now done in the subroutine lsm_init_arrays,
156	! which is part of land_surface_model.
157	!
158	! 1507 2014-12-10 12:14:18Z suehring
159	! Bugfix: set horizontal velocity components to zero inside topography
160	!
161	! 1496 2014-12-02 17:25:50Z maronga
162	! Added initialization of the land surface and radiation schemes
163	!
164	! 1484 2014-10-21 10:53:05Z kanani
165	! Changes due to new module structure of the plant canopy model:
166	! canopy-related initialization (e.g. lad and canopy_heat_flux) moved to new
167	! subroutine init_plant_canopy within the module plant_canopy_model_mod,
168	! call of subroutine init_plant_canopy added.
169	!
170	! 1431 2014-07-15 14:47:17Z suehring
171	! var_d added, in order to normalize spectra.
172	!
173	! 1429 2014-07-15 12:53:45Z knoop
174	! Ensemble run capability added to parallel random number generator
175	!
176	! 1411 2014-05-16 18:01:51Z suehring
177	! Initial horizontal velocity profiles were not set to zero at the first vertical
178	! grid level in case of non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions.
179	!
180	! 1406 2014-05-16 13:47:01Z raasch
181	! bugfix: setting of initial velocities at k=1 to zero not in case of a
182	! no-slip boundary condition for uv
183	!
184	! 1402 2014-05-09 14:25:13Z raasch
185	! location messages modified
186	!
187	! 1400 2014-05-09 14:03:54Z knoop
188	! Parallel random number generator added
189	!
190	! 1384 2014-05-02 14:31:06Z raasch
191	! location messages added
192	!
193	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
194	! tend_* removed
195	! Bugfix: w_subs is not allocated anymore if it is already allocated
196	!
197	! 1359 2014-04-11 17:15:14Z hoffmann
198	! module lpm_init_mod added to use statements, because lpm_init has become a
199	! module
200	!
201	! 1353 2014-04-08 15:21:23Z heinze
202	! REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute
203	!
204	! 1340 2014-03-25 19:45:13Z kanani
205	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
206	!
207	! 1322 2014-03-20 16:38:49Z raasch
208	! REAL constants defined as wp-kind
209	! module interfaces removed
210	!
211	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
212	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
213	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
214	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
215	! revision history before 2012 removed,
216	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
217	! all variable declaration statements
218	!
219	! 1316 2014-03-17 07:44:59Z heinze
220	! Bugfix: allocation of w_subs
221	!
222	! 1299 2014-03-06 13:15:21Z heinze
223	! Allocate w_subs due to extension of large scale subsidence in combination
224	! with large scale forcing data (LSF_DATA)
225	!
226	! 1241 2013-10-30 11:36:58Z heinze
227	! Overwrite initial profiles in case of nudging
228	! Inititialize shf and qsws in case of large_scale_forcing
229	!
230	! 1221 2013-09-10 08:59:13Z raasch
231	! +rflags_s_inner in copyin statement, use copyin for most arrays instead of
232	! copy
233	!
234	! 1212 2013-08-15 08:46:27Z raasch
235	! array tri is allocated and included in data copy statement
236	!
237	! 1195 2013-07-01 12:27:57Z heinze
238	! Bugfix: move allocation of ref_state to parin.f90 and read_var_list.f90
239	!
240	! 1179 2013-06-14 05:57:58Z raasch
241	! allocate and set ref_state to be used in buoyancy terms
242	!
243	! 1171 2013-05-30 11:27:45Z raasch
244	! diss array is allocated with full size if accelerator boards are used
245	!
246	! 1159 2013-05-21 11:58:22Z fricke
247	! -bc_lr_dirneu, bc_lr_neudir, bc_ns_dirneu, bc_ns_neudir
248	!
249	! 1153 2013-05-10 14:33:08Z raasch
250	! diss array is allocated with dummy elements even if it is not needed
251	! (required by PGI 13.4 / CUDA 5.0)
252	!
253	! 1115 2013-03-26 18:16:16Z hoffmann
254	! unused variables removed
255	!
256	! 1113 2013-03-10 02:48:14Z raasch
257	! openACC directive modified
258	!
259	! 1111 2013-03-08 23:54:10Z raasch
260	! openACC directives added for pres
261	! array diss allocated only if required
262	!
263	! 1092 2013-02-02 11:24:22Z raasch
264	! unused variables removed
265	!
266	! 1065 2012-11-22 17:42:36Z hoffmann
267	! allocation of diss (dissipation rate) in case of turbulence = .TRUE. added
268	!
269	! 1053 2012-11-13 17:11:03Z hoffmann
270	! allocation and initialisation of necessary data arrays for the two-moment
271	! cloud physics scheme the two new prognostic equations (nr, qr):
272	! +dr, lambda_r, mu_r, sed_, xr, s, sws, swst, , _p, t_m, _1, _2, _3,
273	! +tend_*, prr
274	!
275	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
276	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
277	!
278	! 1032 2012-10-21 13:03:21Z letzel
279	! save memory by not allocating pt_2 in case of neutral = .T.
280	!
281	! 1025 2012-10-07 16:04:41Z letzel
282	! bugfix: swap indices of mask for ghost boundaries
283	!
284	! 1015 2012-09-27 09:23:24Z raasch
285	! mask is set to zero for ghost boundaries
286	!
287	! 1010 2012-09-20 07:59:54Z raasch
288	! cpp switch __nopointer added for pointer free version
289	!
290	! 1003 2012-09-14 14:35:53Z raasch
291	! nxra,nyna, nzta replaced ny nxr, nyn, nzt
292	!
293	! 1001 2012-09-13 14:08:46Z raasch
294	! all actions concerning leapfrog scheme removed
295	!
296	! 996 2012-09-07 10:41:47Z raasch
297	! little reformatting
298	!
299	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
300	! outflow damping layer removed
301	! roughness length for scalar quantites z0h added
302	! damping zone for the potential temperatur in case of non-cyclic lateral
303	! boundaries added
304	! initialization of ptdf_x, ptdf_y
305	! initialization of c_u_m, c_u_m_l, c_v_m, c_v_m_l, c_w_m, c_w_m_l
306	!
307	! 849 2012-03-15 10:35:09Z raasch
308	! init_particles renamed lpm_init
309	!
310	! 825 2012-02-19 03:03:44Z raasch
311	! wang_collision_kernel renamed wang_kernel
312	!
313	! Revision 1.1 1998/03/09 16:22:22 raasch
314	! Initial revision
315	!
316	!
317	! Description:
318	! ------------
319	!> Allocation of arrays and initialization of the 3D model via
320	!> a) pre-run the 1D model
321	!> or
322	!> b) pre-set constant linear profiles
323	!> or
324	!> c) read values of a previous run
325	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
326	SUBROUTINE init_3d_model
327
328
329	USE advec_ws
330
331	USE arrays_3d
332
333	USE cloud_parameters, &
334	ONLY: cp, l_v, r_d
335
336	USE constants, &
337	ONLY: pi
338
339	USE control_parameters
340
341	USE flight_mod, &
342	ONLY: flight_init
343
344	USE grid_variables, &
345	ONLY: dx, dy, ddx2_mg, ddy2_mg
346
347	USE indices
348
349	USE lpm_init_mod, &
350	ONLY: lpm_init
351
352	USE kinds
353
354	USE land_surface_model_mod, &
355	ONLY: lsm_init, lsm_init_arrays
356
357	USE ls_forcing_mod
358
359	USE microphysics_mod, &
360	ONLY: collision_turbulence, microphysics_init
361
362	USE model_1d, &
363	ONLY: e1d, kh1d, km1d, l1d, rif1d, u1d, us1d, usws1d, v1d, vsws1d
364
365	USE netcdf_interface, &
366	ONLY: dots_max, dots_num
367
368	USE particle_attributes, &
369	ONLY: particle_advection, use_sgs_for_particles, wang_kernel
370
371	USE pegrid
372
373	USE plant_canopy_model_mod, &
374	ONLY: pcm_init, plant_canopy
375
376	USE radiation_model_mod, &
377	ONLY: radiation_init, radiation
378
379	USE random_function_mod
380
381	USE random_generator_parallel, &
382	ONLY: init_parallel_random_generator
383
384	USE statistics, &
385	ONLY: hom, hom_sum, mean_surface_level_height, pr_palm, rmask, &
386	statistic_regions, sums, sums_divnew_l, sums_divold_l, sums_l, &
387	sums_l_l, sums_up_fraction_l, sums_wsts_bc_l, ts_value, &
388	weight_pres, weight_substep
389
390	USE surface_layer_fluxes_mod, &
391	ONLY: init_surface_layer_fluxes
392
393	USE surface_mod, &
394	ONLY : init_surface_arrays, init_surfaces, surf_def_h, surf_lsm_h, &
395	surf_usm_h
396
397	USE transpose_indices
398
399	USE urban_surface_mod, &
400	ONLY: usm_init_urban_surface
401
402	USE wind_turbine_model_mod, &
403	ONLY: wtm_init, wtm_init_arrays, wind_turbine
404
405	IMPLICIT NONE
406
407	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !<
408	INTEGER(iwp) :: ind_array(1) !<
409	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !<
410	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !<
411	INTEGER(iwp) :: k_surf !< surface level index
412	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< index of surface element in surface data type
413	INTEGER(iwp) :: sr !< index of statistic region
414
415	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_l !<
416
417	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_outer_l !<
418	INTEGER(iwp), DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_2dh_s_inner_l !<
419
420	REAL(wp) :: t_surface !< air temperature at the surface
421
422	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: p_hydrostatic !< hydrostatic pressure
423
424	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< loop variable
425	INTEGER(iwp) :: nzt_l !< index of top PE boundary for multigrid level
426	REAL(wp) :: dx_l !< grid spacing along x on different multigrid level
427	REAL(wp) :: dy_l !< grid spacing along y on different multigrid level
428
429	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: volume_flow_area_l !<
430	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(1:3) :: volume_flow_initial_l !<
431
432	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: mean_surface_level_height_l !<
433	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_3d_inner_l !<
434	REAL(wp), DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: ngp_3d_inner_tmp !<
435
436
437	CALL location_message( 'allocating arrays', .FALSE. )
438	!
439	!-- Allocate arrays
440	ALLOCATE( mean_surface_level_height(0:statistic_regions), &
441	mean_surface_level_height_l(0:statistic_regions), &
442	ngp_2dh(0:statistic_regions), ngp_2dh_l(0:statistic_regions), &
443	ngp_3d(0:statistic_regions), &
444	ngp_3d_inner(0:statistic_regions), &
445	ngp_3d_inner_l(0:statistic_regions), &
446	ngp_3d_inner_tmp(0:statistic_regions), &
447	sums_divnew_l(0:statistic_regions), &
448	sums_divold_l(0:statistic_regions) )
449	ALLOCATE( dp_smooth_factor(nzb:nzt), rdf(nzb+1:nzt), rdf_sc(nzb+1:nzt) )
450	ALLOCATE( ngp_2dh_outer(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
451	ngp_2dh_outer_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
452	ngp_2dh_s_inner(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
453	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
454	rmask(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg,0:statistic_regions), &
455	sums(nzb:nzt+1,pr_palm+max_pr_user), &
456	sums_l(nzb:nzt+1,pr_palm+max_pr_user,0:threads_per_task-1), &
457	sums_l_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions,0:threads_per_task-1), &
458	sums_up_fraction_l(10,3,0:statistic_regions), &
459	sums_wsts_bc_l(nzb:nzt+1,0:statistic_regions), &
460	ts_value(dots_max,0:statistic_regions) )
461	ALLOCATE( ptdf_x(nxlg:nxrg), ptdf_y(nysg:nyng) )
462
463	ALLOCATE( d(nzb+1:nzt,nys:nyn,nxl:nxr), &
464	kh(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
465	km(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
466	p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
467	tend(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
468
469	#if defined( __nopointer )
470	ALLOCATE( e(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
471	e_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
472	pt(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
473	pt_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
474	u(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
475	u_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
476	v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
477	v_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
478	w(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
479	w_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
480	te_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
481	tpt_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
482	tu_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
483	tv_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
484	tw_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
485	#else
486	ALLOCATE( e_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
487	e_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
488	e_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
489	pt_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
490	pt_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
491	u_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
492	u_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
493	u_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
494	v_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
495	v_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
496	v_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
497	w_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
498	w_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
499	w_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
500	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
501	ALLOCATE( pt_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
502	ENDIF
503	#endif
504
505	!
506	!-- Following array is required for perturbation pressure within the iterative
507	!-- pressure solvers. For the multistep schemes (Runge-Kutta), array p holds
508	!-- the weighted average of the substeps and cannot be used in the Poisson
509	!-- solver.
510	IF ( psolver == 'sor' ) THEN
511	ALLOCATE( p_loc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
512	ELSEIF ( psolver(1:9) == 'multigrid' ) THEN
513	!
514	!-- For performance reasons, multigrid is using one ghost layer only
515	ALLOCATE( p_loc(nzb:nzt+1,nys-1:nyn+1,nxl-1:nxr+1) )
516	ENDIF
517
518	!
519	!-- Array for storing constant coeffficients of the tridiagonal solver
520	IF ( psolver == 'poisfft' ) THEN
521	ALLOCATE( tri(nxl_z:nxr_z,nys_z:nyn_z,0:nz-1,2) )
522	ALLOCATE( tric(nxl_z:nxr_z,nys_z:nyn_z,0:nz-1) )
523	ENDIF
524
525	IF ( humidity ) THEN
526	!
527	!-- 3D-humidity
528	#if defined( __nopointer )
529	ALLOCATE( q(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
530	q_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
531	tq_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
532	#else
533	ALLOCATE( q_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
534	q_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
535	q_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
536	#endif
537
538	!
539	!-- 3D-arrays needed for humidity
540	IF ( humidity ) THEN
541	#if defined( __nopointer )
542	ALLOCATE( vpt(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
543	#else
544	ALLOCATE( vpt_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
545	#endif
546
547	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
548
549	!
550	!-- Liquid water content
551	#if defined( __nopointer )
552	ALLOCATE ( ql(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
553	#else
554	ALLOCATE ( ql_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
555	#endif
556	!
557	!-- Precipitation amount and rate (only needed if output is switched)
558	ALLOCATE( precipitation_amount(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
559	precipitation_rate(nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
560
561	!
562	!-- 3D-cloud water content
563	#if defined( __nopointer )
564	ALLOCATE( qc(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
565	#else
566	ALLOCATE( qc_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
567	#endif
568	!
569	!-- 3d-precipitation rate
570	ALLOCATE( prr(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
571
572	IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN
573	!
574	!-- 3D-rain water content, rain drop concentration arrays
575	#if defined( __nopointer )
576	ALLOCATE( nr(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
577	nr_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
578	qr(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
579	qr_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
580	tnr_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
581	tqr_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
582	#else
583	ALLOCATE( nr_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
584	nr_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
585	nr_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
586	qr_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
587	qr_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
588	qr_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
589	#endif
590	ENDIF
591
592	ENDIF
593
594	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
595	!
596	!-- Liquid water content, change in liquid water content
597	#if defined( __nopointer )
598	ALLOCATE ( ql(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
599	ql_c(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
600	#else
601	ALLOCATE ( ql_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
602	ql_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
603	#endif
604	!
605	!-- Real volume of particles (with weighting), volume of particles
606	ALLOCATE ( ql_v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
607	ql_vp(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
608	ENDIF
609
610	ENDIF
611
612	ENDIF
613
614
615	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
616
617	!
618	!-- 3D scalar arrays
619	#if defined( __nopointer )
620	ALLOCATE( s(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
621	s_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
622	ts_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
623	#else
624	ALLOCATE( s_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
625	s_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
626	s_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
627	#endif
628	ENDIF
629
630	IF ( ocean ) THEN
631	#if defined( __nopointer )
632	ALLOCATE( prho(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
633	rho_ocean(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
634	sa(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
635	sa_p(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
636	tsa_m(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
637	#else
638	ALLOCATE( prho_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
639	rho_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
640	sa_1(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
641	sa_2(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg), &
642	sa_3(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
643	prho => prho_1
644	rho_ocean => rho_1 ! routines calc_mean_profile and diffusion_e require
645	! density to be apointer
646	#endif
647	ENDIF
648
649	!
650	!-- Allocation of anelastic and Boussinesq approximation specific arrays
651	ALLOCATE( p_hydrostatic(nzb:nzt+1) )
652	ALLOCATE( rho_air(nzb:nzt+1) )
653	ALLOCATE( rho_air_zw(nzb:nzt+1) )
654	ALLOCATE( drho_air(nzb:nzt+1) )
655	ALLOCATE( drho_air_zw(nzb:nzt+1) )
656
657	!
658	!-- Density profile calculation for anelastic approximation
659	IF ( TRIM( approximation ) == 'anelastic' ) THEN
660	t_surface = pt_surface * ( surface_pressure / 1000.0_wp )**( r_d / cp )
661	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
662	p_hydrostatic(k) = surface_pressure * 100.0_wp * &
663	( 1 - ( g * zu(k) ) / ( cp * t_surface ) &
664	)**( cp / r_d )
665	rho_air(k) = ( p_hydrostatic(k) * &
666	( 100000.0_wp / p_hydrostatic(k) &
667	)**( r_d / cp ) &
668	) / ( r_d * pt_init(k) )
669	ENDDO
670	DO k = nzb, nzt
671	rho_air_zw(k) = 0.5_wp * ( rho_air(k) + rho_air(k+1) )
672	ENDDO
673	rho_air_zw(nzt+1) = rho_air_zw(nzt) &
674	+ 2.0_wp * ( rho_air(nzt+1) - rho_air_zw(nzt) )
675	ELSE
676	rho_air = 1.0_wp
677	rho_air_zw = 1.0_wp
678	ENDIF
679
680	!-- compute the inverse density array in order to avoid expencive divisions
681	drho_air = 1.0_wp / rho_air
682	drho_air_zw = 1.0_wp / rho_air_zw
683
684	!
685	!-- Allocation of flux conversion arrays
686	ALLOCATE( heatflux_input_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
687	ALLOCATE( waterflux_input_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
688	ALLOCATE( momentumflux_input_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
689	ALLOCATE( heatflux_output_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
690	ALLOCATE( waterflux_output_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
691	ALLOCATE( momentumflux_output_conversion(nzb:nzt+1) )
692
693	!
694	!-- calculate flux conversion factors according to approximation and in-/output mode
695	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
696
697	IF ( TRIM( flux_input_mode ) == 'kinematic' ) THEN
698	heatflux_input_conversion(k) = rho_air_zw(k)
699	waterflux_input_conversion(k) = rho_air_zw(k)
700	momentumflux_input_conversion(k) = rho_air_zw(k)
701	ELSEIF ( TRIM( flux_input_mode ) == 'dynamic' ) THEN
702	heatflux_input_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp / cp
703	waterflux_input_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp / l_v
704	momentumflux_input_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp
705	ENDIF
706
707	IF ( TRIM( flux_output_mode ) == 'kinematic' ) THEN
708	heatflux_output_conversion(k) = drho_air_zw(k)
709	waterflux_output_conversion(k) = drho_air_zw(k)
710	momentumflux_output_conversion(k) = drho_air_zw(k)
711	ELSEIF ( TRIM( flux_output_mode ) == 'dynamic' ) THEN
712	heatflux_output_conversion(k) = cp
713	waterflux_output_conversion(k) = l_v
714	momentumflux_output_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp
715	ENDIF
716
717	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
718	waterflux_input_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp
719	waterflux_output_conversion(k) = 1.0_wp
720	ENDIF
721
722	ENDDO
723
724	!
725	!-- In case of multigrid method, compute grid lengths and grid factors for the
726	!-- grid levels with respective density on each grid
727	IF ( psolver(1:9) == 'multigrid' ) THEN
728
729	ALLOCATE( ddx2_mg(maximum_grid_level) )
730	ALLOCATE( ddy2_mg(maximum_grid_level) )
731	ALLOCATE( dzu_mg(nzb+1:nzt+1,maximum_grid_level) )
732	ALLOCATE( dzw_mg(nzb+1:nzt+1,maximum_grid_level) )
733	ALLOCATE( f1_mg(nzb+1:nzt,maximum_grid_level) )
734	ALLOCATE( f2_mg(nzb+1:nzt,maximum_grid_level) )
735	ALLOCATE( f3_mg(nzb+1:nzt,maximum_grid_level) )
736	ALLOCATE( rho_air_mg(nzb:nzt+1,maximum_grid_level) )
737	ALLOCATE( rho_air_zw_mg(nzb:nzt+1,maximum_grid_level) )
738
739	dzu_mg(:,maximum_grid_level) = dzu
740	rho_air_mg(:,maximum_grid_level) = rho_air
741	!
742	!-- Next line to ensure an equally spaced grid.
743	dzu_mg(1,maximum_grid_level) = dzu(2)
744	rho_air_mg(nzb,maximum_grid_level) = rho_air(nzb) + &
745	(rho_air(nzb) - rho_air(nzb+1))
746
747	dzw_mg(:,maximum_grid_level) = dzw
748	rho_air_zw_mg(:,maximum_grid_level) = rho_air_zw
749	nzt_l = nzt
750	DO l = maximum_grid_level-1, 1, -1
751	dzu_mg(nzb+1,l) = 2.0_wp * dzu_mg(nzb+1,l+1)
752	dzw_mg(nzb+1,l) = 2.0_wp * dzw_mg(nzb+1,l+1)
753	rho_air_mg(nzb,l) = rho_air_mg(nzb,l+1) + (rho_air_mg(nzb,l+1) - rho_air_mg(nzb+1,l+1))
754	rho_air_zw_mg(nzb,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(nzb,l+1) + (rho_air_zw_mg(nzb,l+1) - rho_air_zw_mg(nzb+1,l+1))
755	rho_air_mg(nzb+1,l) = rho_air_mg(nzb+1,l+1)
756	rho_air_zw_mg(nzb+1,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(nzb+1,l+1)
757	nzt_l = nzt_l / 2
758	DO k = 2, nzt_l+1
759	dzu_mg(k,l) = dzu_mg(2k-2,l+1) + dzu_mg(2k-1,l+1)
760	dzw_mg(k,l) = dzw_mg(2k-2,l+1) + dzw_mg(2k-1,l+1)
761	rho_air_mg(k,l) = rho_air_mg(2*k-1,l+1)
762	rho_air_zw_mg(k,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(2*k-1,l+1)
763	ENDDO
764	ENDDO
765
766	nzt_l = nzt
767	dx_l = dx
768	dy_l = dy
769	DO l = maximum_grid_level, 1, -1
770	ddx2_mg(l) = 1.0_wp / dx_l**2
771	ddy2_mg(l) = 1.0_wp / dy_l**2
772	DO k = nzb+1, nzt_l
773	f2_mg(k,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(k,l) / ( dzu_mg(k+1,l) * dzw_mg(k,l) )
774	f3_mg(k,l) = rho_air_zw_mg(k-1,l) / ( dzu_mg(k,l) * dzw_mg(k,l) )
775	f1_mg(k,l) = 2.0_wp * ( ddx2_mg(l) + ddy2_mg(l) ) &
776	* rho_air_mg(k,l) + f2_mg(k,l) + f3_mg(k,l)
777	ENDDO
778	nzt_l = nzt_l / 2
779	dx_l = dx_l * 2.0_wp
780	dy_l = dy_l * 2.0_wp
781	ENDDO
782
783	ENDIF
784
785	!
786	!-- 3D-array for storing the dissipation, needed for calculating the sgs
787	!-- particle velocities
788	IF ( use_sgs_for_particles .OR. wang_kernel .OR. collision_turbulence )&
789	THEN
790	ALLOCATE( diss(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nxlg:nxrg) )
791	ENDIF
792
793	!
794	!-- 1D-array for large scale subsidence velocity
795	IF ( .NOT. ALLOCATED( w_subs ) ) THEN
796	ALLOCATE ( w_subs(nzb:nzt+1) )
797	w_subs = 0.0_wp
798	ENDIF
799
800	!
801	!-- Arrays to store velocity data from t-dt and the phase speeds which
802	!-- are needed for radiation boundary conditions
803	IF ( outflow_l ) THEN
804	ALLOCATE( u_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,1:2), &
805	v_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,0:1), &
806	w_m_l(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,0:1) )
807	ENDIF
808	IF ( outflow_r ) THEN
809	ALLOCATE( u_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx), &
810	v_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx), &
811	w_m_r(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng,nx-1:nx) )
812	ENDIF
813	IF ( outflow_l .OR. outflow_r ) THEN
814	ALLOCATE( c_u(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), c_v(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng), &
815	c_w(nzb:nzt+1,nysg:nyng) )
816	ENDIF
817	IF ( outflow_s ) THEN
818	ALLOCATE( u_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,0:1,nxlg:nxrg), &
819	v_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,1:2,nxlg:nxrg), &
820	w_m_s(nzb:nzt+1,0:1,nxlg:nxrg) )
821	ENDIF
822	IF ( outflow_n ) THEN
823	ALLOCATE( u_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg), &
824	v_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg), &
825	w_m_n(nzb:nzt+1,ny-1:ny,nxlg:nxrg) )
826	ENDIF
827	IF ( outflow_s .OR. outflow_n ) THEN
828	ALLOCATE( c_u(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), c_v(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg), &
829	c_w(nzb:nzt+1,nxlg:nxrg) )
830	ENDIF
831	IF ( outflow_l .OR. outflow_r .OR. outflow_s .OR. outflow_n ) THEN
832	ALLOCATE( c_u_m_l(nzb:nzt+1), c_v_m_l(nzb:nzt+1), c_w_m_l(nzb:nzt+1) )
833	ALLOCATE( c_u_m(nzb:nzt+1), c_v_m(nzb:nzt+1), c_w_m(nzb:nzt+1) )
834	ENDIF
835
836
837	#if ! defined( __nopointer )
838	!
839	!-- Initial assignment of the pointers
840	e => e_1; e_p => e_2; te_m => e_3
841	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
842	pt => pt_1; pt_p => pt_2; tpt_m => pt_3
843	ELSE
844	pt => pt_1; pt_p => pt_1; tpt_m => pt_3
845	ENDIF
846	u => u_1; u_p => u_2; tu_m => u_3
847	v => v_1; v_p => v_2; tv_m => v_3
848	w => w_1; w_p => w_2; tw_m => w_3
849
850	IF ( humidity ) THEN
851	q => q_1; q_p => q_2; tq_m => q_3
852	IF ( humidity ) THEN
853	vpt => vpt_1
854	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
855	ql => ql_1
856	qc => qc_1
857	IF ( microphysics_seifert ) THEN
858	qr => qr_1; qr_p => qr_2; tqr_m => qr_3
859	nr => nr_1; nr_p => nr_2; tnr_m => nr_3
860	ENDIF
861	ENDIF
862	ENDIF
863	IF ( cloud_droplets ) THEN
864	ql => ql_1
865	ql_c => ql_2
866	ENDIF
867	ENDIF
868
869	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
870	s => s_1; s_p => s_2; ts_m => s_3
871	ENDIF
872
873	IF ( ocean ) THEN
874	sa => sa_1; sa_p => sa_2; tsa_m => sa_3
875	ENDIF
876	#endif
877	!
878	!-- Initialize wall arrays
879	CALL init_surface_arrays
880	!
881	!-- Allocate land surface model arrays
882	IF ( land_surface ) THEN
883	CALL lsm_init_arrays
884	ENDIF
885
886	!
887	!-- Allocate wind turbine model arrays
888	IF ( wind_turbine ) THEN
889	CALL wtm_init_arrays
890	ENDIF
891
892	!
893	!-- Initialize virtual flight measurements
894	IF ( virtual_flight ) THEN
895	CALL flight_init
896	ENDIF
897
898	!
899	!-- Allocate arrays containing the RK coefficient for calculation of
900	!-- perturbation pressure and turbulent fluxes. At this point values are
901	!-- set for pressure calculation during initialization (where no timestep
902	!-- is done). Further below the values needed within the timestep scheme
903	!-- will be set.
904	ALLOCATE( weight_substep(1:intermediate_timestep_count_max), &
905	weight_pres(1:intermediate_timestep_count_max) )
906	weight_substep = 1.0_wp
907	weight_pres = 1.0_wp
908	intermediate_timestep_count = 0 ! needed when simulated_time = 0.0
909
910	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
911
912	!
913	!-- Initialize local summation arrays for routine flow_statistics.
914	!-- This is necessary because they may not yet have been initialized when they
915	!-- are called from flow_statistics (or - depending on the chosen model run -
916	!-- are never initialized)
917	sums_divnew_l = 0.0_wp
918	sums_divold_l = 0.0_wp
919	sums_l_l = 0.0_wp
920	sums_up_fraction_l = 0.0_wp
921	sums_wsts_bc_l = 0.0_wp
922
923	!
924	!-- Initialize model variables
925	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
926	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
927	!
928	!-- First model run of a possible job queue.
929	!-- Initial profiles of the variables must be computes.
930	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'set_1d-model_profiles' ) /= 0 ) THEN
931
932	CALL location_message( 'initializing with 1D model profiles', .FALSE. )
933	!
934	!-- Use solutions of the 1D model as initial profiles,
935	!-- start 1D model
936	CALL init_1d_model
937	!
938	!-- Transfer initial profiles to the arrays of the 3D model
939	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
940	DO j = nysg, nyng
941	e(:,j,i) = e1d
942	kh(:,j,i) = kh1d
943	km(:,j,i) = km1d
944	pt(:,j,i) = pt_init
945	u(:,j,i) = u1d
946	v(:,j,i) = v1d
947	ENDDO
948	ENDDO
949
950	IF ( humidity ) THEN
951	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
952	DO j = nysg, nyng
953	q(:,j,i) = q_init
954	ENDDO
955	ENDDO
956	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
957	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
958	DO j = nysg, nyng
959	qr(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
960	nr(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
961	ENDDO
962	ENDDO
963
964	ENDIF
965	ENDIF
966	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
967	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
968	DO j = nysg, nyng
969	s(:,j,i) = s_init
970	ENDDO
971	ENDDO
972	ENDIF
973
974	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) THEN
975	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
976	DO j = nysg, nyng
977	e(:,j,i) = e1d
978	ENDDO
979	ENDDO
980	!
981	!-- Store initial profiles for output purposes etc.
982	hom(:,1,25,:) = SPREAD( l1d, 2, statistic_regions+1 )
983
984	ELSE
985	e = 0.0_wp ! must be set, because used in
986	ENDIF
987	!
988	!-- Inside buildings set velocities back to zero
989	IF ( topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
990	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
991	DO j = nysg, nyng
992	DO k = nzb, nzt
993	u(k,j,i) = MERGE( u(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
994	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
995	v(k,j,i) = MERGE( v(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
996	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
997	ENDDO
998	ENDDO
999	ENDDO
1000
1001	!
1002	!-- WARNING: The extra boundary conditions set after running the
1003	!-- ------- 1D model impose an error on the divergence one layer
1004	!-- below the topography; need to correct later
1005	!-- ATTENTION: Provisional correction for Piacsek & Williams
1006	!-- --------- advection scheme: keep u and v zero one layer below
1007	!-- the topography.
1008	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 1 ) THEN
1009	!
1010	!-- Neumann condition
1011	DO i = nxl-1, nxr+1
1012	DO j = nys-1, nyn+1
1013	u(nzb,j,i) = u(nzb+1,j,i)
1014	v(nzb,j,i) = v(nzb+1,j,i)
1015	ENDDO
1016	ENDDO
1017
1018	ENDIF
1019
1020	ENDIF
1021
1022	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1023
1024	ELSEIF ( INDEX(initializing_actions, 'set_constant_profiles') /= 0 ) &
1025	THEN
1026
1027	CALL location_message( 'initializing with constant profiles', .FALSE. )
1028	!
1029	!-- Overwrite initial profiles in case of nudging
1030	IF ( nudging ) THEN
1031	pt_init = ptnudge(:,1)
1032	u_init = unudge(:,1)
1033	v_init = vnudge(:,1)
1034	IF ( humidity ) THEN ! is passive_scalar correct???
1035	q_init = qnudge(:,1)
1036	ENDIF
1037
1038	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'Initial profiles of u, v and ', &
1039	'scalars from NUDGING_DATA are used.'
1040	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0370', 0, 0, 0, 6, 0 )
1041	ENDIF
1042
1043	!
1044	!-- Use constructed initial profiles (velocity constant with height,
1045	!-- temperature profile with constant gradient)
1046	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1047	DO j = nysg, nyng
1048	pt(:,j,i) = pt_init
1049	u(:,j,i) = u_init
1050	v(:,j,i) = v_init
1051	ENDDO
1052	ENDDO
1053
1054	!
1055	!-- Set initial horizontal velocities at the lowest computational grid
1056	!-- levels to zero in order to avoid too small time steps caused by the
1057	!-- diffusion limit in the initial phase of a run (at k=1, dz/2 occurs
1058	!-- in the limiting formula!).
1059	IF ( ibc_uv_b /= 1 ) THEN
1060	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1061	DO j = nysg, nyng
1062	DO k = nzb, nzt
1063	u(k,j,i) = MERGE( u(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1064	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 20 ) )
1065	v(k,j,i) = MERGE( v(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1066	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 21 ) )
1067	ENDDO
1068	ENDDO
1069	ENDDO
1070	ENDIF
1071
1072	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1073	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1074	DO j = nysg, nyng
1075	q(:,j,i) = q_init
1076	ENDDO
1077	ENDDO
1078	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
1079
1080	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1081	DO j = nysg, nyng
1082	qr(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1083	nr(:,j,i) = 0.0_wp
1084	ENDDO
1085	ENDDO
1086
1087	ENDIF
1088	ENDIF
1089
1090	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
1091	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1092	DO j = nysg, nyng
1093	s(:,j,i) = s_init
1094	ENDDO
1095	ENDDO
1096	ENDIF
1097
1098	IF ( ocean ) THEN
1099	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1100	DO j = nysg, nyng
1101	sa(:,j,i) = sa_init
1102	ENDDO
1103	ENDDO
1104	ENDIF
1105
1106	IF ( constant_diffusion ) THEN
1107	km = km_constant
1108	kh = km / prandtl_number
1109	e = 0.0_wp
1110	ELSEIF ( e_init > 0.0_wp ) THEN
1111	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1112	km(k,:,:) = 0.1_wp * l_grid(k) * SQRT( e_init )
1113	ENDDO
1114	km(nzb,:,:) = km(nzb+1,:,:)
1115	km(nzt+1,:,:) = km(nzt,:,:)
1116	kh = km / prandtl_number
1117	e = e_init
1118	ELSE
1119	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
1120	kh = 0.01_wp ! there must exist an initial diffusion, because
1121	km = 0.01_wp ! otherwise no TKE would be produced by the
1122	! production terms, as long as not yet
1123	! e = (u/cm)*2 at k=nzb+1
1124	ELSE
1125	kh = 0.00001_wp
1126	km = 0.00001_wp
1127	ENDIF
1128	e = 0.0_wp
1129	ENDIF
1130	!
1131	!-- Compute initial temperature field and other constants used in case
1132	!-- of a sloping surface
1133	IF ( sloping_surface ) CALL init_slope
1134
1135	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1136
1137	ELSEIF ( INDEX(initializing_actions, 'by_user') /= 0 ) &
1138	THEN
1139
1140	CALL location_message( 'initializing by user', .FALSE. )
1141	!
1142	!-- Initialization will completely be done by the user
1143	CALL user_init_3d_model
1144
1145	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1146
1147	ENDIF
1148
1149	CALL location_message( 'initializing statistics, boundary conditions, etc.', &
1150	.FALSE. )
1151
1152	!
1153	!-- Bottom boundary
1154	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 .OR. ibc_uv_b == 2 ) THEN
1155	u(nzb,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1156	v(nzb,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1157	ENDIF
1158
1159	!
1160	!-- Apply channel flow boundary condition
1161	IF ( TRIM( bc_uv_t ) == 'dirichlet_0' ) THEN
1162	u(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1163	v(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1164	ENDIF
1165
1166	!
1167	!-- Calculate virtual potential temperature
1168	IF ( humidity ) vpt = pt * ( 1.0_wp + 0.61_wp * q )
1169
1170	!
1171	!-- Store initial profiles for output purposes etc.
1172	hom(:,1,5,:) = SPREAD( u(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1173	hom(:,1,6,:) = SPREAD( v(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1174	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 .OR. ibc_uv_b == 2) THEN
1175	hom(nzb,1,5,:) = 0.0_wp
1176	hom(nzb,1,6,:) = 0.0_wp
1177	ENDIF
1178	hom(:,1,7,:) = SPREAD( pt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1179	hom(:,1,23,:) = SPREAD( km(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1180	hom(:,1,24,:) = SPREAD( kh(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1181
1182	IF ( ocean ) THEN
1183	!
1184	!-- Store initial salinity profile
1185	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( sa(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1186	ENDIF
1187
1188	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1189	!
1190	!-- Store initial profile of total water content, virtual potential
1191	!-- temperature
1192	hom(:,1,26,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1193	hom(:,1,29,:) = SPREAD( vpt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1194	IF ( cloud_physics .OR. cloud_droplets ) THEN
1195	!
1196	!-- Store initial profile of specific humidity and potential
1197	!-- temperature
1198	hom(:,1,27,:) = SPREAD( q(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1199	hom(:,1,28,:) = SPREAD( pt(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1200	ENDIF
1201	ENDIF
1202
1203	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
1204	!
1205	!-- Store initial scalar profile
1206	hom(:,1,115,:) = SPREAD( s(:,nys,nxl), 2, statistic_regions+1 )
1207	ENDIF
1208
1209	!
1210	!-- Initialize the random number generators (from numerical recipes)
1211	CALL random_function_ini
1212
1213	IF ( random_generator == 'random-parallel' ) THEN
1214	CALL init_parallel_random_generator(nx, ny, nys, nyn, nxl, nxr)
1215	ENDIF
1216	!
1217	!-- Set the reference state to be used in the buoyancy terms (for ocean runs
1218	!-- the reference state will be set (overwritten) in init_ocean)
1219	IF ( use_single_reference_value ) THEN
1220	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
1221	ref_state(:) = pt_reference
1222	ELSE
1223	ref_state(:) = vpt_reference
1224	ENDIF
1225	ELSE
1226	IF ( .NOT. humidity ) THEN
1227	ref_state(:) = pt_init(:)
1228	ELSE
1229	ref_state(:) = vpt(:,nys,nxl)
1230	ENDIF
1231	ENDIF
1232
1233	!
1234	!-- For the moment, vertical velocity is zero
1235	w = 0.0_wp
1236
1237	!
1238	!-- Initialize array sums (must be defined in first call of pres)
1239	sums = 0.0_wp
1240
1241	!
1242	!-- In case of iterative solvers, p must get an initial value
1243	IF ( psolver(1:9) == 'multigrid' .OR. psolver == 'sor' ) p = 0.0_wp
1244
1245	!
1246	!-- Treating cloud physics, liquid water content and precipitation amount
1247	!-- are zero at beginning of the simulation
1248	IF ( cloud_physics ) THEN
1249	ql = 0.0_wp
1250	qc = 0.0_wp
1251
1252	precipitation_amount = 0.0_wp
1253	ENDIF
1254	!
1255	!-- Impose vortex with vertical axis on the initial velocity profile
1256	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'initialize_vortex' ) /= 0 ) THEN
1257	CALL init_rankine
1258	ENDIF
1259
1260	!
1261	!-- Impose temperature anomaly (advection test only)
1262	IF ( INDEX( initializing_actions, 'initialize_ptanom' ) /= 0 ) THEN
1263	CALL init_pt_anomaly
1264	ENDIF
1265
1266	!
1267	!-- If required, change the surface temperature at the start of the 3D run
1268	IF ( pt_surface_initial_change /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1269	pt(nzb,:,:) = pt(nzb,:,:) + pt_surface_initial_change
1270	ENDIF
1271
1272	!
1273	!-- If required, change the surface humidity/scalar at the start of the 3D
1274	!-- run
1275	IF ( humidity .AND. q_surface_initial_change /= 0.0_wp ) &
1276	q(nzb,:,:) = q(nzb,:,:) + q_surface_initial_change
1277
1278	IF ( passive_scalar .AND. s_surface_initial_change /= 0.0_wp ) &
1279	s(nzb,:,:) = s(nzb,:,:) + s_surface_initial_change
1280
1281
1282	!
1283	!-- Initialize old and new time levels.
1284	te_m = 0.0_wp; tpt_m = 0.0_wp; tu_m = 0.0_wp; tv_m = 0.0_wp; tw_m = 0.0_wp
1285	e_p = e; pt_p = pt; u_p = u; v_p = v; w_p = w
1286
1287	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1288	tq_m = 0.0_wp
1289	q_p = q
1290	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
1291	tqr_m = 0.0_wp
1292	qr_p = qr
1293	tnr_m = 0.0_wp
1294	nr_p = nr
1295	ENDIF
1296	ENDIF
1297
1298	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
1299	ts_m = 0.0_wp
1300	s_p = s
1301	ENDIF
1302
1303	IF ( ocean ) THEN
1304	tsa_m = 0.0_wp
1305	sa_p = sa
1306	ENDIF
1307
1308	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1309
1310	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'read_restart_data' .OR. &
1311	TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) &
1312	THEN
1313
1314	CALL location_message( 'initializing in case of restart / cyclic_fill', &
1315	.FALSE. )
1316	!
1317	!-- Initialize surface elements and its attributes, e.g. heat- and
1318	!-- momentumfluxes, roughness, scaling parameters. As number of surface
1319	!-- elements might be different between runs, e.g. in case of cyclic fill,
1320	!-- and not all surface elements are read, surface elements need to be
1321	!-- initialized before.
1322	CALL init_surfaces
1323	!
1324	!-- When reading data for cyclic fill of 3D prerun data files, read
1325	!-- some of the global variables from the restart file which are required
1326	!-- for initializing the inflow
1327	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1328
1329	DO i = 0, io_blocks-1
1330	IF ( i == io_group ) THEN
1331	CALL read_parts_of_var_list
1332	CALL close_file( 13 )
1333	ENDIF
1334	#if defined( __parallel )
1335	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1336	#endif
1337	ENDDO
1338
1339	ENDIF
1340
1341	!
1342	!-- Read binary data from restart file
1343	DO i = 0, io_blocks-1
1344	IF ( i == io_group ) THEN
1345	CALL read_3d_binary
1346	ENDIF
1347	#if defined( __parallel )
1348	CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
1349	#endif
1350	ENDDO
1351
1352	!
1353	!-- Initialization of the turbulence recycling method
1354	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' .AND. &
1355	turbulent_inflow ) THEN
1356	!
1357	!-- First store the profiles to be used at the inflow.
1358	!-- These profiles are the (temporally) and horizontally averaged vertical
1359	!-- profiles from the prerun. Alternatively, prescribed profiles
1360	!-- for u,v-components can be used.
1361	ALLOCATE( mean_inflow_profiles(nzb:nzt+1,7) )
1362
1363	IF ( use_prescribed_profile_data ) THEN
1364	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = u_init ! u
1365	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = v_init ! v
1366	ELSE
1367	mean_inflow_profiles(:,1) = hom_sum(:,1,0) ! u
1368	mean_inflow_profiles(:,2) = hom_sum(:,2,0) ! v
1369	ENDIF
1370	mean_inflow_profiles(:,4) = hom_sum(:,4,0) ! pt
1371	mean_inflow_profiles(:,5) = hom_sum(:,8,0) ! e
1372	IF ( humidity ) &
1373	mean_inflow_profiles(:,6) = hom_sum(:,41,0) ! q
1374	IF ( passive_scalar ) &
1375	mean_inflow_profiles(:,7) = hom_sum(:,115,0) ! s
1376
1377	!
1378	!-- If necessary, adjust the horizontal flow field to the prescribed
1379	!-- profiles
1380	IF ( use_prescribed_profile_data ) THEN
1381	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1382	DO j = nysg, nyng
1383	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1384	u(k,j,i) = u(k,j,i) - hom_sum(k,1,0) + u_init(k)
1385	v(k,j,i) = v(k,j,i) - hom_sum(k,2,0) + v_init(k)
1386	ENDDO
1387	ENDDO
1388	ENDDO
1389	ENDIF
1390
1391	!
1392	!-- Use these mean profiles at the inflow (provided that Dirichlet
1393	!-- conditions are used)
1394	IF ( inflow_l ) THEN
1395	DO j = nysg, nyng
1396	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1397	u(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,1)
1398	v(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,2)
1399	w(k,j,nxlg:-1) = 0.0_wp
1400	pt(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,4)
1401	e(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,5)
1402	IF ( humidity ) &
1403	q(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,6)
1404	IF ( passive_scalar ) &
1405	s(k,j,nxlg:-1) = mean_inflow_profiles(k,7)
1406	ENDDO
1407	ENDDO
1408	ENDIF
1409
1410	!
1411	!-- Calculate the damping factors to be used at the inflow. For a
1412	!-- turbulent inflow the turbulent fluctuations have to be limited
1413	!-- vertically because otherwise the turbulent inflow layer will grow
1414	!-- in time.
1415	IF ( inflow_damping_height == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1416	!
1417	!-- Default: use the inversion height calculated by the prerun; if
1418	!-- this is zero, inflow_damping_height must be explicitly
1419	!-- specified.
1420	IF ( hom_sum(nzb+6,pr_palm,0) /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1421	inflow_damping_height = hom_sum(nzb+6,pr_palm,0)
1422	ELSE
1423	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'inflow_damping_height must be ', &
1424	'explicitly specified because&the inversion height ', &
1425	'calculated by the prerun is zero.'
1426	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0318', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1427	ENDIF
1428
1429	ENDIF
1430
1431	IF ( inflow_damping_width == 9999999.9_wp ) THEN
1432	!
1433	!-- Default for the transition range: one tenth of the undamped
1434	!-- layer
1435	inflow_damping_width = 0.1_wp * inflow_damping_height
1436
1437	ENDIF
1438
1439	ALLOCATE( inflow_damping_factor(nzb:nzt+1) )
1440
1441	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
1442
1443	IF ( zu(k) <= inflow_damping_height ) THEN
1444	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 1.0_wp
1445	ELSEIF ( zu(k) <= ( inflow_damping_height + inflow_damping_width ) ) THEN
1446	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 1.0_wp - &
1447	( zu(k) - inflow_damping_height ) / &
1448	inflow_damping_width
1449	ELSE
1450	inflow_damping_factor(k) = 0.0_wp
1451	ENDIF
1452
1453	ENDDO
1454
1455	ENDIF
1456
1457	!
1458	!-- Inside buildings set velocities and TKE back to zero
1459	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' .AND. &
1460	topography /= 'flat' ) THEN
1461	!
1462	!-- Inside buildings set velocities and TKE back to zero.
1463	!-- Other scalars (pt, q, s, km, kh, p, sa, ...) are ignored at present,
1464	!-- maybe revise later.
1465	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1466	DO j = nysg, nyng
1467	DO k = nzb, nzt
1468	u(k,j,i) = MERGE( u(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1469	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1470	v(k,j,i) = MERGE( v(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1471	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1472	w(k,j,i) = MERGE( w(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1473	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
1474	e(k,j,i) = MERGE( e(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1475	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) )
1476	tu_m(k,j,i) = MERGE( tu_m(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1477	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 1 ) )
1478	tv_m(k,j,i) = MERGE( tv_m(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1479	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 2 ) )
1480	tw_m(k,j,i) = MERGE( tw_m(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1481	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 3 ) )
1482	te_m(k,j,i) = MERGE( te_m(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1483	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) )
1484	tpt_m(k,j,i) = MERGE( tpt_m(k,j,i), 0.0_wp, &
1485	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 0 ) )
1486	ENDDO
1487	ENDDO
1488	ENDDO
1489
1490	ENDIF
1491
1492	!
1493	!-- Calculate initial temperature field and other constants used in case
1494	!-- of a sloping surface
1495	IF ( sloping_surface ) CALL init_slope
1496
1497	!
1498	!-- Initialize new time levels (only done in order to set boundary values
1499	!-- including ghost points)
1500	e_p = e; pt_p = pt; u_p = u; v_p = v; w_p = w
1501	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1502	q_p = q
1503	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
1504	qr_p = qr
1505	nr_p = nr
1506	ENDIF
1507	ENDIF
1508	IF ( passive_scalar ) s_p = s
1509	IF ( ocean ) sa_p = sa
1510
1511	!
1512	!-- Allthough tendency arrays are set in prognostic_equations, they have
1513	!-- have to be predefined here because they are used (but multiplied with 0)
1514	!-- there before they are set.
1515	te_m = 0.0_wp; tpt_m = 0.0_wp; tu_m = 0.0_wp; tv_m = 0.0_wp; tw_m = 0.0_wp
1516	IF ( humidity ) THEN
1517	tq_m = 0.0_wp
1518	IF ( cloud_physics .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
1519	tqr_m = 0.0_wp
1520	tnr_m = 0.0_wp
1521	ENDIF
1522	ENDIF
1523	IF ( passive_scalar ) ts_m = 0.0_wp
1524	IF ( ocean ) tsa_m = 0.0_wp
1525
1526	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1527
1528	ELSE
1529	!
1530	!-- Actually this part of the programm should not be reached
1531	message_string = 'unknown initializing problem'
1532	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0193', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1533	ENDIF
1534
1535
1536	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1537	!
1538	!-- Initialize old timelevels needed for radiation boundary conditions
1539	IF ( outflow_l ) THEN
1540	u_m_l(:,:,:) = u(:,:,1:2)
1541	v_m_l(:,:,:) = v(:,:,0:1)
1542	w_m_l(:,:,:) = w(:,:,0:1)
1543	ENDIF
1544	IF ( outflow_r ) THEN
1545	u_m_r(:,:,:) = u(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1546	v_m_r(:,:,:) = v(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1547	w_m_r(:,:,:) = w(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1548	ENDIF
1549	IF ( outflow_s ) THEN
1550	u_m_s(:,:,:) = u(:,0:1,:)
1551	v_m_s(:,:,:) = v(:,1:2,:)
1552	w_m_s(:,:,:) = w(:,0:1,:)
1553	ENDIF
1554	IF ( outflow_n ) THEN
1555	u_m_n(:,:,:) = u(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1556	v_m_n(:,:,:) = v(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1557	w_m_n(:,:,:) = w(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1558	ENDIF
1559
1560	ENDIF
1561
1562	!
1563	!-- Calculate the initial volume flow at the right and north boundary
1564	IF ( conserve_volume_flow ) THEN
1565
1566	IF ( use_prescribed_profile_data ) THEN
1567
1568	volume_flow_initial_l = 0.0_wp
1569	volume_flow_area_l = 0.0_wp
1570
1571	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1572	DO j = nys, nyn
1573	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1574	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1575	u_init(k) * dzw(k) &
1576	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1577	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr), 1 )&
1578	)
1579
1580	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzw(k) &
1581	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1582	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nxr), 1 )&
1583	)
1584	ENDDO
1585	ENDDO
1586	ENDIF
1587
1588	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1589	DO i = nxl, nxr
1590	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1591	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1592	v_init(k) * dzw(k) &
1593	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1594	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn,i), 2 )&
1595	)
1596	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzw(k) &
1597	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1598	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,nyn,i), 2 )&
1599	)
1600	ENDDO
1601	ENDDO
1602	ENDIF
1603
1604	#if defined( __parallel )
1605	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_initial_l(1), volume_flow_initial(1),&
1606	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1607	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_area_l(1), volume_flow_area(1), &
1608	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1609
1610	#else
1611	volume_flow_initial = volume_flow_initial_l
1612	volume_flow_area = volume_flow_area_l
1613	#endif
1614
1615	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) == 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1616
1617	volume_flow_initial_l = 0.0_wp
1618	volume_flow_area_l = 0.0_wp
1619
1620	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1621	DO j = nys, nyn
1622	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1623	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1624	hom_sum(k,1,0) * dzw(k) &
1625	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1626	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nx), 1 ) &
1627	)
1628	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzw(k) &
1629	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1630	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nx), 1 ) &
1631	)
1632	ENDDO
1633	ENDDO
1634	ENDIF
1635
1636	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1637	DO i = nxl, nxr
1638	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1639	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1640	hom_sum(k,2,0) * dzw(k) &
1641	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1642	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,ny,i), 2 ) &
1643	)
1644	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzw(k) &
1645	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1646	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,ny,i), 2 ) &
1647	)
1648	ENDDO
1649	ENDDO
1650	ENDIF
1651
1652	#if defined( __parallel )
1653	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_initial_l(1), volume_flow_initial(1),&
1654	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1655	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_area_l(1), volume_flow_area(1), &
1656	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1657
1658	#else
1659	volume_flow_initial = volume_flow_initial_l
1660	volume_flow_area = volume_flow_area_l
1661	#endif
1662
1663	ELSEIF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' ) THEN
1664
1665	volume_flow_initial_l = 0.0_wp
1666	volume_flow_area_l = 0.0_wp
1667
1668	IF ( nxr == nx ) THEN
1669	DO j = nys, nyn
1670	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1671	volume_flow_initial_l(1) = volume_flow_initial_l(1) + &
1672	u(k,j,nx) * dzw(k) &
1673	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1674	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nx), 1 ) &
1675	)
1676	volume_flow_area_l(1) = volume_flow_area_l(1) + dzw(k) &
1677	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1678	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,nx), 1 ) &
1679	)
1680	ENDDO
1681	ENDDO
1682	ENDIF
1683
1684	IF ( nyn == ny ) THEN
1685	DO i = nxl, nxr
1686	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1687	volume_flow_initial_l(2) = volume_flow_initial_l(2) + &
1688	v(k,ny,i) * dzw(k) &
1689	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1690	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,ny,i), 2 ) &
1691	)
1692	volume_flow_area_l(2) = volume_flow_area_l(2) + dzw(k) &
1693	* MERGE( 1.0_wp, 0.0_wp, &
1694	BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,ny,i), 2 ) &
1695	)
1696	ENDDO
1697	ENDDO
1698	ENDIF
1699
1700	#if defined( __parallel )
1701	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_initial_l(1), volume_flow_initial(1),&
1702	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1703	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( volume_flow_area_l(1), volume_flow_area(1), &
1704	2, MPI_REAL, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
1705
1706	#else
1707	volume_flow_initial = volume_flow_initial_l
1708	volume_flow_area = volume_flow_area_l
1709	#endif
1710
1711	ENDIF
1712
1713	!
1714	!-- In case of 'bulk_velocity' mode, volume_flow_initial is calculated
1715	!-- from u\|v_bulk instead
1716	IF ( TRIM( conserve_volume_flow_mode ) == 'bulk_velocity' ) THEN
1717	volume_flow_initial(1) = u_bulk * volume_flow_area(1)
1718	volume_flow_initial(2) = v_bulk * volume_flow_area(2)
1719	ENDIF
1720
1721	ENDIF
1722	!
1723	!-- Initialize surface elements and its attributes, e.g. heat- and
1724	!-- momentumfluxes, roughness, scaling parameters.
1725	!-- This is already done in case of restart data.
1726	IF ( TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
1727	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1728	CALL init_surfaces
1729	!
1730	!-- Finally, if random_heatflux is set, disturb shf at horizontal
1731	!-- surfaces. Actually, this should be done in surface_mod, where all other
1732	!-- initializations of surface quantities are done. However, this
1733	!-- would create a ring dependency, hence, it is done here. Maybe delete
1734	!-- disturb_heatflux and tranfer the respective code directly into the
1735	!-- initialization in surface_mod.
1736	IF ( use_surface_fluxes .AND. constant_heatflux .AND. &
1737	random_heatflux ) THEN
1738	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%ns >= 1 ) CALL disturb_heatflux( surf_def_h(0) )
1739	IF ( surf_lsm_h%ns >= 1 ) CALL disturb_heatflux( surf_lsm_h )
1740	IF ( surf_usm_h%ns >= 1 ) CALL disturb_heatflux( surf_usm_h )
1741	ENDIF
1742	ENDIF
1743
1744	!
1745	!-- Initialize surface forcing corresponding to large-scale forcing. Therein,
1746	!-- initialize heat-fluxes, etc. via datatype. Revise it later!
1747	IF ( large_scale_forcing .AND. lsf_surf ) THEN
1748	IF ( use_surface_fluxes .AND. constant_heatflux ) THEN
1749	CALL ls_forcing_surf ( simulated_time )
1750	ENDIF
1751	ENDIF
1752	!
1753	!-- Initialize quantities for special advections schemes
1754	CALL init_advec
1755
1756	!
1757	!-- Impose random perturbation on the horizontal velocity field and then
1758	!-- remove the divergences from the velocity field at the initial stage
1759	IF ( create_disturbances .AND. disturbance_energy_limit /= 0.0_wp .AND. &
1760	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'read_restart_data' .AND. &
1761	TRIM( initializing_actions ) /= 'cyclic_fill' ) THEN
1762
1763	CALL location_message( 'creating initial disturbances', .FALSE. )
1764	CALL disturb_field( 'u', tend, u )
1765	CALL disturb_field( 'v', tend, v )
1766	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1767
1768	CALL location_message( 'calling pressure solver', .FALSE. )
1769	n_sor = nsor_ini
1770	CALL pres
1771	n_sor = nsor
1772	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1773
1774	ENDIF
1775
1776	!
1777	!-- If required, initialize quantities needed for the plant canopy model
1778	IF ( plant_canopy ) THEN
1779	CALL location_message( 'initializing plant canopy model', .FALSE. )
1780	CALL pcm_init
1781	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1782	ENDIF
1783
1784	!
1785	!-- If required, initialize dvrp-software
1786	IF ( dt_dvrp /= 9999999.9_wp ) CALL init_dvrp
1787
1788	IF ( ocean ) THEN
1789	!
1790	!-- Initialize quantities needed for the ocean model
1791	CALL init_ocean
1792
1793	ELSE
1794	!
1795	!-- Initialize quantities for handling cloud physics
1796	!-- This routine must be called before lpm_init, because
1797	!-- otherwise, array pt_d_t, needed in data_output_dvrp (called by
1798	!-- lpm_init) is not defined.
1799	CALL init_cloud_physics
1800	!
1801	!-- Initialize bulk cloud microphysics
1802	CALL microphysics_init
1803	ENDIF
1804
1805	!
1806	!-- If required, initialize particles
1807	IF ( particle_advection ) CALL lpm_init
1808
1809	!
1810	!-- If required, initialize quantities needed for the LSM
1811	IF ( land_surface ) THEN
1812	CALL location_message( 'initializing land surface model', .FALSE. )
1813	CALL lsm_init
1814	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1815	ENDIF
1816
1817	!
1818	!-- Initialize surface layer (done after LSM as roughness length are required
1819	!-- for initialization
1820	IF ( constant_flux_layer ) THEN
1821	CALL location_message( 'initializing surface layer', .FALSE. )
1822	CALL init_surface_layer_fluxes
1823	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1824	ENDIF
1825
1826	!
1827	!-- If required, initialize radiation model
1828	IF ( radiation ) THEN
1829	CALL location_message( 'initializing radiation model', .FALSE. )
1830	CALL radiation_init
1831	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1832	ENDIF
1833
1834	!
1835	!-- If required, initialize urban surface model
1836	IF ( urban_surface ) THEN
1837	CALL location_message( 'initializing urban surface model', .FALSE. )
1838	CALL usm_init_urban_surface
1839	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1840	ENDIF
1841
1842	!
1843	!-- If required, initialize quantities needed for the wind turbine model
1844	IF ( wind_turbine ) THEN
1845	CALL location_message( 'initializing wind turbine model', .FALSE. )
1846	CALL wtm_init
1847	CALL location_message( 'finished', .TRUE. )
1848	ENDIF
1849
1850
1851	!
1852	!-- Initialize the ws-scheme.
1853	IF ( ws_scheme_sca .OR. ws_scheme_mom ) CALL ws_init
1854
1855	!
1856	!-- Setting weighting factors for calculation of perturbation pressure
1857	!-- and turbulent quantities from the RK substeps
1858	IF ( TRIM(timestep_scheme) == 'runge-kutta-3' ) THEN ! for RK3-method
1859
1860	weight_substep(1) = 1._wp/6._wp
1861	weight_substep(2) = 3._wp/10._wp
1862	weight_substep(3) = 8._wp/15._wp
1863
1864	weight_pres(1) = 1._wp/3._wp
1865	weight_pres(2) = 5._wp/12._wp
1866	weight_pres(3) = 1._wp/4._wp
1867
1868	ELSEIF ( TRIM(timestep_scheme) == 'runge-kutta-2' ) THEN ! for RK2-method
1869
1870	weight_substep(1) = 1._wp/2._wp
1871	weight_substep(2) = 1._wp/2._wp
1872
1873	weight_pres(1) = 1._wp/2._wp
1874	weight_pres(2) = 1._wp/2._wp
1875
1876	ELSE ! for Euler-method
1877
1878	weight_substep(1) = 1.0_wp
1879	weight_pres(1) = 1.0_wp
1880
1881	ENDIF
1882
1883	!
1884	!-- Initialize Rayleigh damping factors
1885	rdf = 0.0_wp
1886	rdf_sc = 0.0_wp
1887	IF ( rayleigh_damping_factor /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1888	IF ( .NOT. ocean ) THEN
1889	DO k = nzb+1, nzt
1890	IF ( zu(k) >= rayleigh_damping_height ) THEN
1891	rdf(k) = rayleigh_damping_factor * &
1892	( SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * ( zu(k) - rayleigh_damping_height ) &
1893	/ ( zu(nzt) - rayleigh_damping_height ) ) &
1894	)**2
1895	ENDIF
1896	ENDDO
1897	ELSE
1898	DO k = nzt, nzb+1, -1
1899	IF ( zu(k) <= rayleigh_damping_height ) THEN
1900	rdf(k) = rayleigh_damping_factor * &
1901	( SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * ( rayleigh_damping_height - zu(k) ) &
1902	/ ( rayleigh_damping_height - zu(nzb+1) ) ) &
1903	)**2
1904	ENDIF
1905	ENDDO
1906	ENDIF
1907	ENDIF
1908	IF ( scalar_rayleigh_damping ) rdf_sc = rdf
1909
1910	!
1911	!-- Initialize the starting level and the vertical smoothing factor used for
1912	!-- the external pressure gradient
1913	dp_smooth_factor = 1.0_wp
1914	IF ( dp_external ) THEN
1915	!
1916	!-- Set the starting level dp_level_ind_b only if it has not been set before
1917	!-- (e.g. in init_grid).
1918	IF ( dp_level_ind_b == 0 ) THEN
1919	ind_array = MINLOC( ABS( dp_level_b - zu ) )
1920	dp_level_ind_b = ind_array(1) - 1 + nzb
1921	! MINLOC uses lower array bound 1
1922	ENDIF
1923	IF ( dp_smooth ) THEN
1924	dp_smooth_factor(:dp_level_ind_b) = 0.0_wp
1925	DO k = dp_level_ind_b+1, nzt
1926	dp_smooth_factor(k) = 0.5_wp * ( 1.0_wp + SIN( pi * &
1927	( REAL( k - dp_level_ind_b, KIND=wp ) / &
1928	REAL( nzt - dp_level_ind_b, KIND=wp ) - 0.5_wp ) ) )
1929	ENDDO
1930	ENDIF
1931	ENDIF
1932
1933	!
1934	!-- Initialize damping zone for the potential temperature in case of
1935	!-- non-cyclic lateral boundaries. The damping zone has the maximum value
1936	!-- at the inflow boundary and decreases to zero at pt_damping_width.
1937	ptdf_x = 0.0_wp
1938	ptdf_y = 0.0_wp
1939	IF ( bc_lr_dirrad ) THEN
1940	DO i = nxl, nxr
1941	IF ( ( i * dx ) < pt_damping_width ) THEN
1942	ptdf_x(i) = pt_damping_factor * ( SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * &
1943	REAL( pt_damping_width - i * dx, KIND=wp ) / ( &
1944	REAL( pt_damping_width, KIND=wp ) ) ) )**2
1945	ENDIF
1946	ENDDO
1947	ELSEIF ( bc_lr_raddir ) THEN
1948	DO i = nxl, nxr
1949	IF ( ( i * dx ) > ( nx * dx - pt_damping_width ) ) THEN
1950	ptdf_x(i) = pt_damping_factor * &
1951	SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * &
1952	( ( i - nx ) * dx + pt_damping_width ) / &
1953	REAL( pt_damping_width, KIND=wp ) )**2
1954	ENDIF
1955	ENDDO
1956	ELSEIF ( bc_ns_dirrad ) THEN
1957	DO j = nys, nyn
1958	IF ( ( j * dy ) > ( ny * dy - pt_damping_width ) ) THEN
1959	ptdf_y(j) = pt_damping_factor * &
1960	SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * &
1961	( ( j - ny ) * dy + pt_damping_width ) / &
1962	REAL( pt_damping_width, KIND=wp ) )**2
1963	ENDIF
1964	ENDDO
1965	ELSEIF ( bc_ns_raddir ) THEN
1966	DO j = nys, nyn
1967	IF ( ( j * dy ) < pt_damping_width ) THEN
1968	ptdf_y(j) = pt_damping_factor * &
1969	SIN( pi * 0.5_wp * &
1970	( pt_damping_width - j * dy ) / &
1971	REAL( pt_damping_width, KIND=wp ) )**2
1972	ENDIF
1973	ENDDO
1974	ENDIF
1975
1976	!
1977	!-- Pre-set masks for regional statistics. Default is the total model domain.
1978	!-- Ghost points are excluded because counting values at the ghost boundaries
1979	!-- would bias the statistics
1980	rmask = 1.0_wp
1981	rmask(:,nxlg:nxl-1,:) = 0.0_wp; rmask(:,nxr+1:nxrg,:) = 0.0_wp
1982	rmask(nysg:nys-1,:,:) = 0.0_wp; rmask(nyn+1:nyng,:,:) = 0.0_wp
1983
1984	!
1985	!-- User-defined initializing actions. Check afterwards, if maximum number
1986	!-- of allowed timeseries is exceeded
1987	CALL user_init
1988
1989	IF ( dots_num > dots_max ) THEN
1990	WRITE( message_string, * ) 'number of time series quantities exceeds', &
1991	' its maximum of dots_max = ', dots_max, &
1992	' &Please increase dots_max in modules.f90.'
1993	CALL message( 'init_3d_model', 'PA0194', 1, 2, 0, 6, 0 )
1994	ENDIF
1995
1996	!
1997	!-- Input binary data file is not needed anymore. This line must be placed
1998	!-- after call of user_init!
1999	CALL close_file( 13 )
2000
2001	!
2002	!-- Compute total sum of active mask grid points
2003	!-- and the mean surface level height for each statistic region
2004	!-- ngp_2dh: number of grid points of a horizontal cross section through the
2005	!-- total domain
2006	!-- ngp_3d: number of grid points of the total domain
2007	ngp_2dh_outer_l = 0
2008	ngp_2dh_outer = 0
2009	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l = 0
2010	ngp_2dh_s_inner = 0
2011	ngp_2dh_l = 0
2012	ngp_2dh = 0
2013	ngp_3d_inner_l = 0.0_wp
2014	ngp_3d_inner = 0
2015	ngp_3d = 0
2016	ngp_sums = ( nz + 2 ) * ( pr_palm + max_pr_user )
2017
2018	mean_surface_level_height = 0.0_wp
2019	mean_surface_level_height_l = 0.0_wp
2020
2021	!
2022	!-- To do: New concept for these non-topography grid points!
2023	DO sr = 0, statistic_regions
2024	DO i = nxl, nxr
2025	DO j = nys, nyn
2026	IF ( rmask(j,i,sr) == 1.0_wp ) THEN
2027	!
2028	!-- All xy-grid points
2029	ngp_2dh_l(sr) = ngp_2dh_l(sr) + 1
2030	!
2031	!-- Determine mean surface-level height. In case of downward-
2032	!-- facing walls are present, more than one surface level exist.
2033	!-- In this case, use the lowest surface-level height.
2034	IF ( surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i) <= &
2035	surf_def_h(0)%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
2036	m = surf_def_h(0)%start_index(j,i)
2037	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
2038	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) = &
2039	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) + zw(k-1)
2040	ENDIF
2041	IF ( surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
2042	surf_lsm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
2043	m = surf_lsm_h%start_index(j,i)
2044	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
2045	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) = &
2046	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) + zw(k-1)
2047	ENDIF
2048	IF ( surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i) <= &
2049	surf_usm_h%end_index(j,i) ) THEN
2050	m = surf_usm_h%start_index(j,i)
2051	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
2052	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) = &
2053	mean_surface_level_height_l(sr) + zw(k-1)
2054	ENDIF
2055
2056	k_surf = k - 1
2057
2058	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
2059	!
2060	!-- xy-grid points above topography
2061	ngp_2dh_outer_l(k,sr) = ngp_2dh_outer_l(k,sr) + &
2062	MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 24 ) )
2063
2064	ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(k,sr) = ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(k,sr) + &
2065	MERGE( 1, 0, BTEST( wall_flags_0(k,j,i), 22 ) )
2066
2067	ENDDO
2068	!
2069	!-- All grid points of the total domain above topography
2070	ngp_3d_inner_l(sr) = ngp_3d_inner_l(sr) + ( nz - k_surf + 2 )
2071
2072
2073
2074	ENDIF
2075	ENDDO
2076	ENDDO
2077	ENDDO
2078
2079	sr = statistic_regions + 1
2080	#if defined( __parallel )
2081	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
2082	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_l(0), ngp_2dh(0), sr, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, &
2083	comm2d, ierr )
2084	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
2085	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_outer_l(0,0), ngp_2dh_outer(0,0), (nz+2)*sr, &
2086	MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2087	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
2088	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_2dh_s_inner_l(0,0), ngp_2dh_s_inner(0,0), &
2089	(nz+2)*sr, MPI_INTEGER, MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2090	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
2091	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( ngp_3d_inner_l(0), ngp_3d_inner_tmp(0), sr, MPI_REAL, &
2092	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2093	ngp_3d_inner = INT( ngp_3d_inner_tmp, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
2094	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm2d, ierr )
2095	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( mean_surface_level_height_l(0), &
2096	mean_surface_level_height(0), sr, MPI_REAL, &
2097	MPI_SUM, comm2d, ierr )
2098	mean_surface_level_height = mean_surface_level_height / REAL( ngp_2dh )
2099	#else
2100	ngp_2dh = ngp_2dh_l
2101	ngp_2dh_outer = ngp_2dh_outer_l
2102	ngp_2dh_s_inner = ngp_2dh_s_inner_l
2103	ngp_3d_inner = INT( ngp_3d_inner_l, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
2104	mean_surface_level_height = mean_surface_level_height_l / REAL( ngp_2dh_l )
2105	#endif
2106
2107	ngp_3d = INT ( ngp_2dh, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) ) * &
2108	INT ( (nz + 2 ), KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 ) )
2109
2110	!
2111	!-- Set a lower limit of 1 in order to avoid zero divisions in flow_statistics,
2112	!-- buoyancy, etc. A zero value will occur for cases where all grid points of
2113	!-- the respective subdomain lie below the surface topography
2114	ngp_2dh_outer = MAX( 1, ngp_2dh_outer(:,:) )
2115	ngp_3d_inner = MAX( INT(1, KIND = SELECTED_INT_KIND( 18 )), &
2116	ngp_3d_inner(:) )
2117	ngp_2dh_s_inner = MAX( 1, ngp_2dh_s_inner(:,:) )
2118
2119	DEALLOCATE( mean_surface_level_height_l, ngp_2dh_l, ngp_2dh_outer_l, &
2120	ngp_3d_inner_l, ngp_3d_inner_tmp )
2121
2122	CALL location_message( 'leaving init_3d_model', .TRUE. )
2123
2124	END SUBROUTINE init_3d_model

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