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source: palm/trunk/SOURCE/boundary_conds.f90 @ 4086

Last change on this file since 4086 was 4086, checked in by gronemeier, 5 years ago
Bugfix: use constant-flux layer condition for e in all rans modes (boundary_conds.f90)
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1	!> @file boundary_conds.f90
2	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
3	! This file is part of the PALM model system.
4	!
5	! PALM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
6	! terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
7	! Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
8	! version.
9	!
10	! PALM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
11	! WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
12	! A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
13	!
14	! You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
15	! PALM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
16	!
17	! Copyright 1997-2019 Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
18	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
19	!
20	! Current revisions:
21	! -----------------
22	!
23	!
24	! Former revisions:
25	! -----------------
26	! $Id: boundary_conds.f90 4086 2019-07-11 05:55:44Z gronemeier $
27	! Bugfix: use constant-flux layer condition for e in all rans modes
28	!
29	! 3879 2019-04-08 20:25:23Z knoop
30	! Bugfix, do not set boundary conditions for potential temperature in neutral
31	! runs.
32	!
33	! 3655 2019-01-07 16:51:22Z knoop
34	! OpenACC port for SPEC
35	!
36	! 3589 2018-11-30 15:09:51Z suehring
37	! Move the control parameter "salsa" from salsa_mod to control_parameters
38	! (M. Kurppa)
39	!
40	! 3582 2018-11-29 19:16:36Z suehring
41	! variables documented
42	!
43	! 3467 2018-10-30 19:05:21Z suehring
44	! Implementation of a new aerosol module salsa.
45	!
46	! 3347 2018-10-15 14:21:08Z suehring
47	! Bugfix in setting boundary conditions in offline nesting
48	!
49	! 3341 2018-10-15 10:31:27Z suehring
50	! changes concerning modularization of ocean option
51	!
52	! 3274 2018-09-24 15:42:55Z knoop
53	! Modularization of all bulk cloud physics code components
54	!
55	! 3241 2018-09-12 15:02:00Z raasch
56	! unused variables removed
57	!
58	! 3183 2018-07-27 14:25:55Z suehring
59	! Rename some variables concerning LES-LES as well as offline nesting
60	!
61	! 3182 2018-07-27 13:36:03Z suehring
62	! - Use wall function for e_p and diss_p in case of rans_tke_e
63	! - move limitation of diss_p from tcm_prognostic
64	!
65	! 2938 2018-03-27 15:52:42Z suehring
66	! Set boundary condition for TKE and TKE dissipation rate in case of nesting
67	! and if parent model operates in RANS mode but child model in LES mode.
68	! mode
69	!
70	! 2793 2018-02-07 10:54:33Z suehring
71	! Removed preprocessor directive __chem
72	!
73	! 2718 2018-01-02 08:49:38Z maronga
74	! Corrected "Former revisions" section
75	!
76	! 2696 2017-12-14 17:12:51Z kanani
77	! Change in file header (GPL part)
78	! Adjust boundary conditions for e and diss in case of TKE-e closure (TG)
79	! Implementation of chemistry module (FK)
80	!
81	! 2569 2017-10-20 11:54:42Z kanani
82	! Removed redundant code for ibc_s_b=1 and ibc_q_b=1
83	!
84	! 2365 2017-08-21 14:59:59Z kanani
85	! Vertical grid nesting implemented: exclude setting vertical velocity to zero
86	! on fine grid (SadiqHuq)
87	!
88	! 2320 2017-07-21 12:47:43Z suehring
89	! Remove unused control parameter large_scale_forcing from only-list
90	!
91	! 2292 2017-06-20 09:51:42Z schwenkel
92	! Implementation of new microphysic scheme: cloud_scheme = 'morrison'
93	! includes two more prognostic equations for cloud drop concentration (nc)
94	! and cloud water content (qc).
95	!
96	! 2233 2017-05-30 18:08:54Z suehring
97	!
98	! 2232 2017-05-30 17:47:52Z suehring
99	! Set boundary conditions on topography top using flag method.
100	!
101	! 2118 2017-01-17 16:38:49Z raasch
102	! OpenACC directives removed
103	!
104	! 2000 2016-08-20 18:09:15Z knoop
105	! Forced header and separation lines into 80 columns
106	!
107	! 1992 2016-08-12 15:14:59Z suehring
108	! Adjustments for top boundary condition for passive scalar
109	!
110	! 1960 2016-07-12 16:34:24Z suehring
111	! Treat humidity and passive scalar separately
112	!
113	! 1823 2016-04-07 08:57:52Z hoffmann
114	! Initial version of purely vertical nesting introduced.
115	!
116	! 1822 2016-04-07 07:49:42Z hoffmann
117	! icloud_scheme removed. microphyisics_seifert added.
118	!
119	! 1764 2016-02-28 12:45:19Z raasch
120	! index bug for u_p at left outflow removed
121	!
122	! 1762 2016-02-25 12:31:13Z hellstea
123	! Introduction of nested domain feature
124	!
125	! 1742 2016-01-13 09:50:06Z raasch
126	! bugfix for outflow Neumann boundary conditions at bottom and top
127	!
128	! 1717 2015-11-11 15:09:47Z raasch
129	! Bugfix: index error in outflow conditions for left boundary
130	!
131	! 1682 2015-10-07 23:56:08Z knoop
132	! Code annotations made doxygen readable
133	!
134	! 1410 2014-05-23 12:16:18Z suehring
135	! Bugfix: set dirichlet boundary condition for passive_scalar at model domain
136	! top
137	!
138	! 1399 2014-05-07 11:16:25Z heinze
139	! Bugfix: set inflow boundary conditions also if no humidity or passive_scalar
140	! is used.
141	!
142	! 1398 2014-05-07 11:15:00Z heinze
143	! Dirichlet-condition at the top for u and v changed to u_init and v_init also
144	! for large_scale_forcing
145	!
146	! 1380 2014-04-28 12:40:45Z heinze
147	! Adjust Dirichlet-condition at the top for pt in case of nudging
148	!
149	! 1361 2014-04-16 15:17:48Z hoffmann
150	! Bottom and top boundary conditions of rain water content (qr) and
151	! rain drop concentration (nr) changed to Dirichlet
152	!
153	! 1353 2014-04-08 15:21:23Z heinze
154	! REAL constants provided with KIND-attribute
155	!
156	! 1320 2014-03-20 08:40:49Z raasch
157	! ONLY-attribute added to USE-statements,
158	! kind-parameters added to all INTEGER and REAL declaration statements,
159	! kinds are defined in new module kinds,
160	! revision history before 2012 removed,
161	! comment fields (!:) to be used for variable explanations added to
162	! all variable declaration statements
163	!
164	! 1257 2013-11-08 15:18:40Z raasch
165	! loop independent clauses added
166	!
167	! 1241 2013-10-30 11:36:58Z heinze
168	! Adjust ug and vg at each timestep in case of large_scale_forcing
169	!
170	! 1159 2013-05-21 11:58:22Z fricke
171	! Bugfix: Neumann boundary conditions for the velocity components at the
172	! outflow are in fact radiation boundary conditions using the maximum phase
173	! velocity that ensures numerical stability (CFL-condition).
174	! Hence, logical operator use_cmax is now used instead of bc_lr_dirneu/_neudir.
175	! Bugfix: In case of use_cmax at the outflow, u, v, w are replaced by
176	! u_p, v_p, w_p
177	!
178	! 1115 2013-03-26 18:16:16Z hoffmann
179	! boundary conditions of two-moment cloud scheme are restricted to Neumann-
180	! boundary-conditions
181	!
182	! 1113 2013-03-10 02:48:14Z raasch
183	! GPU-porting
184	! dummy argument "range" removed
185	! Bugfix: wrong index in loops of radiation boundary condition
186	!
187	! 1053 2012-11-13 17:11:03Z hoffmann
188	! boundary conditions for the two new prognostic equations (nr, qr) of the
189	! two-moment cloud scheme
190	!
191	! 1036 2012-10-22 13:43:42Z raasch
192	! code put under GPL (PALM 3.9)
193	!
194	! 996 2012-09-07 10:41:47Z raasch
195	! little reformatting
196	!
197	! 978 2012-08-09 08:28:32Z fricke
198	! Neumann boudnary conditions are added at the inflow boundary for the SGS-TKE.
199	! Outflow boundary conditions for the velocity components can be set to Neumann
200	! conditions or to radiation conditions with a horizontal averaged phase
201	! velocity.
202	!
203	! 875 2012-04-02 15:35:15Z gryschka
204	! Bugfix in case of dirichlet inflow bc at the right or north boundary
205	!
206	! Revision 1.1 1997/09/12 06:21:34 raasch
207	! Initial revision
208	!
209	!
210	! Description:
211	! ------------
212	!> Boundary conditions for the prognostic quantities.
213	!> One additional bottom boundary condition is applied for the TKE (=(u)*2)
214	!> in prandtl_fluxes. The cyclic lateral boundary conditions are implicitly
215	!> handled in routine exchange_horiz. Pressure boundary conditions are
216	!> explicitly set in routines pres, poisfft, poismg and sor.
217	!------------------------------------------------------------------------------!
218	SUBROUTINE boundary_conds
219
220
221	USE arrays_3d, &
222	ONLY: c_u, c_u_m, c_u_m_l, c_v, c_v_m, c_v_m_l, c_w, c_w_m, c_w_m_l, &
223	diss, diss_p, dzu, e_p, nc_p, nr_p, pt, pt_init, pt_p, q, &
224	q_p, qc_p, qr_p, s, s_p, sa, sa_p, u, u_init, u_m_l, u_m_n, &
225	u_m_r, u_m_s, u_p, v, v_init, v_m_l, v_m_n, v_m_r, v_m_s, v_p, &
226	w, w_p, w_m_l, w_m_n, w_m_r, w_m_s
227
228	USE basic_constants_and_equations_mod, &
229	ONLY: kappa
230
231	USE bulk_cloud_model_mod, &
232	ONLY: bulk_cloud_model, microphysics_morrison, microphysics_seifert
233
234	USE chemistry_model_mod, &
235	ONLY: chem_boundary_conds
236
237	USE control_parameters, &
238	ONLY: air_chemistry, bc_dirichlet_l, bc_dirichlet_n, bc_dirichlet_r, &
239	bc_dirichlet_s, bc_radiation_l, bc_radiation_n, bc_radiation_r, &
240	bc_radiation_s, bc_pt_t_val, bc_q_t_val, bc_s_t_val, &
241	child_domain, constant_diffusion, coupling_mode, dt_3d, &
242	humidity, ibc_pt_b, ibc_pt_t, ibc_q_b, ibc_q_t, ibc_s_b, &
243	ibc_s_t, ibc_uv_b, ibc_uv_t, intermediate_timestep_count, &
244	nesting_offline, neutral, nudging, ocean_mode, passive_scalar, &
245	rans_mode, rans_tke_e, tsc, salsa, use_cmax
246
247	USE grid_variables, &
248	ONLY: ddx, ddy, dx, dy
249
250	USE indices, &
251	ONLY: nx, nxl, nxlg, nxr, nxrg, ny, nyn, nyng, nys, nysg, nzb, nzt
252
253	USE kinds
254
255	USE ocean_mod, &
256	ONLY: ibc_sa_t
257
258	USE pegrid
259
260	USE pmc_interface, &
261	ONLY : nesting_mode, rans_mode_parent
262
263	USE salsa_mod, &
264	ONLY: salsa_boundary_conds
265
266	USE surface_mod, &
267	ONLY : bc_h, surf_def_h, surf_def_v, surf_lsm_h, surf_lsm_v, &
268	surf_usm_h, surf_usm_v
269
270	USE turbulence_closure_mod, &
271	ONLY: c_0
272
273	IMPLICIT NONE
274
275	INTEGER(iwp) :: i !< grid index x direction
276	INTEGER(iwp) :: j !< grid index y direction
277	INTEGER(iwp) :: k !< grid index z direction
278	INTEGER(iwp) :: kb !< variable to set respective boundary value, depends on facing.
279	INTEGER(iwp) :: l !< running index boundary type, for up- and downward-facing walls
280	INTEGER(iwp) :: m !< running index surface elements
281
282	REAL(wp) :: c_max !< maximum phase velocity allowed by CFL criterion, used for outflow boundary condition
283	REAL(wp) :: denom !< horizontal gradient of velocity component normal to the outflow boundary
284
285
286	!
287	!-- Bottom boundary
288	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 1 ) THEN
289	u_p(nzb,:,:) = u_p(nzb+1,:,:)
290	v_p(nzb,:,:) = v_p(nzb+1,:,:)
291	ENDIF
292	!
293	!-- Set zero vertical velocity at topography top (l=0), or bottom (l=1) in case
294	!-- of downward-facing surfaces.
295	DO l = 0, 1
296	!
297	!-- Set kb, for upward-facing surfaces value at topography top (k-1) is set,
298	!-- for downward-facing surfaces at topography bottom (k+1).
299	kb = MERGE( -1, 1, l == 0 )
300	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
301	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k) &
302	!$ACC PRESENT(bc_h, w_p)
303	DO m = 1, bc_h(l)%ns
304	i = bc_h(l)%i(m)
305	j = bc_h(l)%j(m)
306	k = bc_h(l)%k(m)
307	w_p(k+kb,j,i) = 0.0_wp
308	ENDDO
309	ENDDO
310
311	!
312	!-- Top boundary. A nested domain ( ibc_uv_t = 3 ) does not require settings.
313	IF ( ibc_uv_t == 0 ) THEN
314	!$ACC KERNELS PRESENT(u_p, v_p, u_init, v_init)
315	u_p(nzt+1,:,:) = u_init(nzt+1)
316	v_p(nzt+1,:,:) = v_init(nzt+1)
317	!$ACC END KERNELS
318	ELSEIF ( ibc_uv_t == 1 ) THEN
319	u_p(nzt+1,:,:) = u_p(nzt,:,:)
320	v_p(nzt+1,:,:) = v_p(nzt,:,:)
321	ENDIF
322
323	!
324	!-- Vertical nesting: Vertical velocity not zero at the top of the fine grid
325	IF ( .NOT. child_domain .AND. .NOT. nesting_offline .AND. &
326	TRIM(coupling_mode) /= 'vnested_fine' ) THEN
327	!$ACC KERNELS PRESENT(w_p)
328	w_p(nzt:nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp !< nzt is not a prognostic level (but cf. pres)
329	!$ACC END KERNELS
330	ENDIF
331
332	!
333	!-- Temperature at bottom and top boundary.
334	!-- In case of coupled runs (ibc_pt_b = 2) the temperature is given by
335	!-- the sea surface temperature of the coupled ocean model.
336	!-- Dirichlet
337	IF ( .NOT. neutral ) THEN
338	IF ( ibc_pt_b == 0 ) THEN
339	DO l = 0, 1
340	!
341	!-- Set kb, for upward-facing surfaces value at topography top (k-1)
342	!-- is set, for downward-facing surfaces at topography bottom (k+1).
343	kb = MERGE( -1, 1, l == 0 )
344	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
345	DO m = 1, bc_h(l)%ns
346	i = bc_h(l)%i(m)
347	j = bc_h(l)%j(m)
348	k = bc_h(l)%k(m)
349	pt_p(k+kb,j,i) = pt(k+kb,j,i)
350	ENDDO
351	ENDDO
352	!
353	!-- Neumann, zero-gradient
354	ELSEIF ( ibc_pt_b == 1 ) THEN
355	DO l = 0, 1
356	!
357	!-- Set kb, for upward-facing surfaces value at topography top (k-1)
358	!-- is set, for downward-facing surfaces at topography bottom (k+1).
359	kb = MERGE( -1, 1, l == 0 )
360	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
361	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k) &
362	!$ACC PRESENT(bc_h, pt_p)
363	DO m = 1, bc_h(l)%ns
364	i = bc_h(l)%i(m)
365	j = bc_h(l)%j(m)
366	k = bc_h(l)%k(m)
367	pt_p(k+kb,j,i) = pt_p(k,j,i)
368	ENDDO
369	ENDDO
370	ENDIF
371
372	!
373	!-- Temperature at top boundary
374	IF ( ibc_pt_t == 0 ) THEN
375	pt_p(nzt+1,:,:) = pt(nzt+1,:,:)
376	!
377	!-- In case of nudging adjust top boundary to pt which is
378	!-- read in from NUDGING-DATA
379	IF ( nudging ) THEN
380	pt_p(nzt+1,:,:) = pt_init(nzt+1)
381	ENDIF
382	ELSEIF ( ibc_pt_t == 1 ) THEN
383	pt_p(nzt+1,:,:) = pt_p(nzt,:,:)
384	ELSEIF ( ibc_pt_t == 2 ) THEN
385	!$ACC KERNELS PRESENT(pt_p, dzu)
386	pt_p(nzt+1,:,:) = pt_p(nzt,:,:) + bc_pt_t_val * dzu(nzt+1)
387	!$ACC END KERNELS
388	ENDIF
389	ENDIF
390
391	!
392	!-- Boundary conditions for TKE.
393	!-- Generally Neumann conditions with de/dz=0 are assumed.
394	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) THEN
395
396	IF ( .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
397	DO l = 0, 1
398	!
399	!-- Set kb, for upward-facing surfaces value at topography top (k-1) is set,
400	!-- for downward-facing surfaces at topography bottom (k+1).
401	kb = MERGE( -1, 1, l == 0 )
402	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
403	!$ACC PARALLEL LOOP PRIVATE(i, j, k) &
404	!$ACC PRESENT(bc_h, e_p)
405	DO m = 1, bc_h(l)%ns
406	i = bc_h(l)%i(m)
407	j = bc_h(l)%j(m)
408	k = bc_h(l)%k(m)
409	e_p(k+kb,j,i) = e_p(k,j,i)
410	ENDDO
411	ENDDO
412	ELSE
413	!
414	!-- Use wall function within constant-flux layer
415	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
416	!-- Default surfaces
417	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
418	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
419	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
420	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
421	e_p(k,j,i) = ( surf_def_h(0)%us(m) / c_0 )**2
422	ENDDO
423	!
424	!-- Natural surfaces
425	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
426	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
427	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
428	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
429	e_p(k,j,i) = ( surf_lsm_h%us(m) / c_0 )**2
430	ENDDO
431	!
432	!-- Urban surfaces
433	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
434	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
435	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
436	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
437	e_p(k,j,i) = ( surf_usm_h%us(m) / c_0 )**2
438	ENDDO
439	!
440	!-- Vertical surfaces
441	DO l = 0, 3
442	!
443	!-- Default surfaces
444	DO m = 1, surf_def_v(l)%ns
445	i = surf_def_v(l)%i(m)
446	j = surf_def_v(l)%j(m)
447	k = surf_def_v(l)%k(m)
448	e_p(k,j,i) = ( surf_def_v(l)%us(m) / c_0 )**2
449	ENDDO
450	!
451	!-- Natural surfaces
452	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
453	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
454	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
455	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
456	e_p(k,j,i) = ( surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m) / c_0 )**2
457	ENDDO
458	!
459	!-- Urban surfaces
460	DO m = 1, surf_usm_v(l)%ns
461	i = surf_usm_v(l)%i(m)
462	j = surf_usm_v(l)%j(m)
463	k = surf_usm_v(l)%k(m)
464	e_p(k,j,i) = ( surf_usm_v(l)%us(m) / c_0 )**2
465	ENDDO
466	ENDDO
467	ENDIF
468
469	IF ( .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
470	!$ACC KERNELS PRESENT(e_p)
471	e_p(nzt+1,:,:) = e_p(nzt,:,:)
472	!$ACC END KERNELS
473	!
474	!-- Nesting case: if parent operates in RANS mode and child in LES mode,
475	!-- no TKE is transfered. This case, set Neumann conditions at lateral and
476	!-- top child boundaries.
477	!-- If not ( both either in RANS or in LES mode ), TKE boundary condition
478	!-- is treated in the nesting.
479	ELSE
480
481	IF ( rans_mode_parent .AND. .NOT. rans_mode ) THEN
482
483	e_p(nzt+1,:,:) = e_p(nzt,:,:)
484	IF ( bc_dirichlet_l ) e_p(:,:,nxl-1) = e_p(:,:,nxl)
485	IF ( bc_dirichlet_r ) e_p(:,:,nxr+1) = e_p(:,:,nxr)
486	IF ( bc_dirichlet_s ) e_p(:,nys-1,:) = e_p(:,nys,:)
487	IF ( bc_dirichlet_n ) e_p(:,nyn+1,:) = e_p(:,nyn,:)
488
489	ENDIF
490	ENDIF
491	ENDIF
492
493	!
494	!-- Boundary conditions for TKE dissipation rate.
495	IF ( rans_tke_e ) THEN
496	!
497	!-- Use wall function within constant-flux layer
498	!-- Upward-facing surfaces
499	!-- Default surfaces
500	DO m = 1, surf_def_h(0)%ns
501	i = surf_def_h(0)%i(m)
502	j = surf_def_h(0)%j(m)
503	k = surf_def_h(0)%k(m)
504	diss_p(k,j,i) = surf_def_h(0)%us(m)**3 &
505	/ ( kappa * surf_def_h(0)%z_mo(m) )
506	ENDDO
507	!
508	!-- Natural surfaces
509	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_h%ns
510	i = surf_lsm_h%i(m)
511	j = surf_lsm_h%j(m)
512	k = surf_lsm_h%k(m)
513	diss_p(k,j,i) = surf_lsm_h%us(m)**3 &
514	/ ( kappa * surf_lsm_h%z_mo(m) )
515	ENDDO
516	!
517	!-- Urban surfaces
518	DO m = 1, surf_usm_h%ns
519	i = surf_usm_h%i(m)
520	j = surf_usm_h%j(m)
521	k = surf_usm_h%k(m)
522	diss_p(k,j,i) = surf_usm_h%us(m)**3 &
523	/ ( kappa * surf_usm_h%z_mo(m) )
524	ENDDO
525	!
526	!-- Vertical surfaces
527	DO l = 0, 3
528	!
529	!-- Default surfaces
530	DO m = 1, surf_def_v(l)%ns
531	i = surf_def_v(l)%i(m)
532	j = surf_def_v(l)%j(m)
533	k = surf_def_v(l)%k(m)
534	diss_p(k,j,i) = surf_def_v(l)%us(m)**3 &
535	/ ( kappa * surf_def_v(l)%z_mo(m) )
536	ENDDO
537	!
538	!-- Natural surfaces
539	DO m = 1, surf_lsm_v(l)%ns
540	i = surf_lsm_v(l)%i(m)
541	j = surf_lsm_v(l)%j(m)
542	k = surf_lsm_v(l)%k(m)
543	diss_p(k,j,i) = surf_lsm_v(l)%us(m)**3 &
544	/ ( kappa * surf_lsm_v(l)%z_mo(m) )
545	ENDDO
546	!
547	!-- Urban surfaces
548	DO m = 1, surf_usm_v(l)%ns
549	i = surf_usm_v(l)%i(m)
550	j = surf_usm_v(l)%j(m)
551	k = surf_usm_v(l)%k(m)
552	diss_p(k,j,i) = surf_usm_v(l)%us(m)**3 &
553	/ ( kappa * surf_usm_v(l)%z_mo(m) )
554	ENDDO
555	ENDDO
556	!
557	!-- Limit change of diss to be between -90% and +100%. Also, set an absolute
558	!-- minimum value
559	DO i = nxl, nxr
560	DO j = nys, nyn
561	DO k = nzb, nzt+1
562	diss_p(k,j,i) = MAX( MIN( diss_p(k,j,i), &
563	2.0_wp * diss(k,j,i) ), &
564	0.1_wp * diss(k,j,i), &
565	0.0001_wp )
566	ENDDO
567	ENDDO
568	ENDDO
569
570	IF ( .NOT. child_domain ) THEN
571	diss_p(nzt+1,:,:) = diss_p(nzt,:,:)
572	ENDIF
573	ENDIF
574
575	!
576	!-- Boundary conditions for salinity
577	IF ( ocean_mode ) THEN
578	!
579	!-- Bottom boundary: Neumann condition because salinity flux is always
580	!-- given.
581	DO l = 0, 1
582	!
583	!-- Set kb, for upward-facing surfaces value at topography top (k-1) is set,
584	!-- for downward-facing surfaces at topography bottom (k+1).
585	kb = MERGE( -1, 1, l == 0 )
586	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
587	DO m = 1, bc_h(l)%ns
588	i = bc_h(l)%i(m)
589	j = bc_h(l)%j(m)
590	k = bc_h(l)%k(m)
591	sa_p(k+kb,j,i) = sa_p(k,j,i)
592	ENDDO
593	ENDDO
594	!
595	!-- Top boundary: Dirichlet or Neumann
596	IF ( ibc_sa_t == 0 ) THEN
597	sa_p(nzt+1,:,:) = sa(nzt+1,:,:)
598	ELSEIF ( ibc_sa_t == 1 ) THEN
599	sa_p(nzt+1,:,:) = sa_p(nzt,:,:)
600	ENDIF
601
602	ENDIF
603
604	!
605	!-- Boundary conditions for total water content,
606	!-- bottom and top boundary (see also temperature)
607	IF ( humidity ) THEN
608	!
609	!-- Surface conditions for constant_humidity_flux
610	!-- Run loop over all non-natural and natural walls. Note, in wall-datatype
611	!-- the k coordinate belongs to the atmospheric grid point, therefore, set
612	!-- q_p at k-1
613	IF ( ibc_q_b == 0 ) THEN
614
615	DO l = 0, 1
616	!
617	!-- Set kb, for upward-facing surfaces value at topography top (k-1) is set,
618	!-- for downward-facing surfaces at topography bottom (k+1).
619	kb = MERGE( -1, 1, l == 0 )
620	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
621	DO m = 1, bc_h(l)%ns
622	i = bc_h(l)%i(m)
623	j = bc_h(l)%j(m)
624	k = bc_h(l)%k(m)
625	q_p(k+kb,j,i) = q(k+kb,j,i)
626	ENDDO
627	ENDDO
628
629	ELSE
630
631	DO l = 0, 1
632	!
633	!-- Set kb, for upward-facing surfaces value at topography top (k-1) is set,
634	!-- for downward-facing surfaces at topography bottom (k+1).
635	kb = MERGE( -1, 1, l == 0 )
636	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
637	DO m = 1, bc_h(l)%ns
638	i = bc_h(l)%i(m)
639	j = bc_h(l)%j(m)
640	k = bc_h(l)%k(m)
641	q_p(k+kb,j,i) = q_p(k,j,i)
642	ENDDO
643	ENDDO
644	ENDIF
645	!
646	!-- Top boundary
647	IF ( ibc_q_t == 0 ) THEN
648	q_p(nzt+1,:,:) = q(nzt+1,:,:)
649	ELSEIF ( ibc_q_t == 1 ) THEN
650	q_p(nzt+1,:,:) = q_p(nzt,:,:) + bc_q_t_val * dzu(nzt+1)
651	ENDIF
652
653	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison ) THEN
654	!
655	!-- Surface conditions cloud water (Dirichlet)
656	!-- Run loop over all non-natural and natural walls. Note, in wall-datatype
657	!-- the k coordinate belongs to the atmospheric grid point, therefore, set
658	!-- qr_p and nr_p at k-1
659	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
660	DO m = 1, bc_h(0)%ns
661	i = bc_h(0)%i(m)
662	j = bc_h(0)%j(m)
663	k = bc_h(0)%k(m)
664	qc_p(k-1,j,i) = 0.0_wp
665	nc_p(k-1,j,i) = 0.0_wp
666	ENDDO
667	!
668	!-- Top boundary condition for cloud water (Dirichlet)
669	qc_p(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
670	nc_p(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
671
672	ENDIF
673
674	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
675	!
676	!-- Surface conditions rain water (Dirichlet)
677	!-- Run loop over all non-natural and natural walls. Note, in wall-datatype
678	!-- the k coordinate belongs to the atmospheric grid point, therefore, set
679	!-- qr_p and nr_p at k-1
680	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
681	DO m = 1, bc_h(0)%ns
682	i = bc_h(0)%i(m)
683	j = bc_h(0)%j(m)
684	k = bc_h(0)%k(m)
685	qr_p(k-1,j,i) = 0.0_wp
686	nr_p(k-1,j,i) = 0.0_wp
687	ENDDO
688	!
689	!-- Top boundary condition for rain water (Dirichlet)
690	qr_p(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
691	nr_p(nzt+1,:,:) = 0.0_wp
692
693	ENDIF
694	ENDIF
695	!
696	!-- Boundary conditions for scalar,
697	!-- bottom and top boundary (see also temperature)
698	IF ( passive_scalar ) THEN
699	!
700	!-- Surface conditions for constant_humidity_flux
701	!-- Run loop over all non-natural and natural walls. Note, in wall-datatype
702	!-- the k coordinate belongs to the atmospheric grid point, therefore, set
703	!-- s_p at k-1
704	IF ( ibc_s_b == 0 ) THEN
705
706	DO l = 0, 1
707	!
708	!-- Set kb, for upward-facing surfaces value at topography top (k-1) is set,
709	!-- for downward-facing surfaces at topography bottom (k+1).
710	kb = MERGE( -1, 1, l == 0 )
711	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
712	DO m = 1, bc_h(l)%ns
713	i = bc_h(l)%i(m)
714	j = bc_h(l)%j(m)
715	k = bc_h(l)%k(m)
716	s_p(k+kb,j,i) = s(k+kb,j,i)
717	ENDDO
718	ENDDO
719
720	ELSE
721
722	DO l = 0, 1
723	!
724	!-- Set kb, for upward-facing surfaces value at topography top (k-1) is set,
725	!-- for downward-facing surfaces at topography bottom (k+1).
726	kb = MERGE( -1, 1, l == 0 )
727	!$OMP PARALLEL DO PRIVATE( i, j, k )
728	DO m = 1, bc_h(l)%ns
729	i = bc_h(l)%i(m)
730	j = bc_h(l)%j(m)
731	k = bc_h(l)%k(m)
732	s_p(k+kb,j,i) = s_p(k,j,i)
733	ENDDO
734	ENDDO
735	ENDIF
736	!
737	!-- Top boundary condition
738	IF ( ibc_s_t == 0 ) THEN
739	s_p(nzt+1,:,:) = s(nzt+1,:,:)
740	ELSEIF ( ibc_s_t == 1 ) THEN
741	s_p(nzt+1,:,:) = s_p(nzt,:,:)
742	ELSEIF ( ibc_s_t == 2 ) THEN
743	s_p(nzt+1,:,:) = s_p(nzt,:,:) + bc_s_t_val * dzu(nzt+1)
744	ENDIF
745
746	ENDIF
747	!
748	!-- Top/bottom boundary conditions for chemical species
749	IF ( air_chemistry ) CALL chem_boundary_conds( 'set_bc_bottomtop' )
750	!
751	!-- In case of inflow or nest boundary at the south boundary the boundary for v
752	!-- is at nys and in case of inflow or nest boundary at the left boundary the
753	!-- boundary for u is at nxl. Since in prognostic_equations (cache optimized
754	!-- version) these levels are handled as a prognostic level, boundary values
755	!-- have to be restored here.
756	!-- For the SGS-TKE, Neumann boundary conditions are used at the inflow.
757	IF ( bc_dirichlet_s ) THEN
758	v_p(:,nys,:) = v_p(:,nys-1,:)
759	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) e_p(:,nys-1,:) = e_p(:,nys,:)
760	ELSEIF ( bc_dirichlet_n ) THEN
761	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) e_p(:,nyn+1,:) = e_p(:,nyn,:)
762	ELSEIF ( bc_dirichlet_l ) THEN
763	u_p(:,:,nxl) = u_p(:,:,nxl-1)
764	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) e_p(:,:,nxl-1) = e_p(:,:,nxl)
765	ELSEIF ( bc_dirichlet_r ) THEN
766	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) e_p(:,:,nxr+1) = e_p(:,:,nxr)
767	ENDIF
768
769	!
770	!-- The same restoration for u at i=nxl and v at j=nys as above must be made
771	!-- in case of nest boundaries. This must not be done in case of vertical nesting
772	!-- mode as in that case the lateral boundaries are actually cyclic.
773	IF ( nesting_mode /= 'vertical' .OR. nesting_offline ) THEN
774	IF ( bc_dirichlet_s ) THEN
775	v_p(:,nys,:) = v_p(:,nys-1,:)
776	ENDIF
777	IF ( bc_dirichlet_l ) THEN
778	u_p(:,:,nxl) = u_p(:,:,nxl-1)
779	ENDIF
780	ENDIF
781
782	!
783	!-- Lateral boundary conditions for scalar quantities at the outflow
784	IF ( bc_radiation_s ) THEN
785	pt_p(:,nys-1,:) = pt_p(:,nys,:)
786	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) e_p(:,nys-1,:) = e_p(:,nys,:)
787	IF ( rans_tke_e ) diss_p(:,nys-1,:) = diss_p(:,nys,:)
788	IF ( humidity ) THEN
789	q_p(:,nys-1,:) = q_p(:,nys,:)
790	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison ) THEN
791	qc_p(:,nys-1,:) = qc_p(:,nys,:)
792	nc_p(:,nys-1,:) = nc_p(:,nys,:)
793	ENDIF
794	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
795	qr_p(:,nys-1,:) = qr_p(:,nys,:)
796	nr_p(:,nys-1,:) = nr_p(:,nys,:)
797	ENDIF
798	ENDIF
799	IF ( passive_scalar ) s_p(:,nys-1,:) = s_p(:,nys,:)
800	ELSEIF ( bc_radiation_n ) THEN
801	pt_p(:,nyn+1,:) = pt_p(:,nyn,:)
802	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) e_p(:,nyn+1,:) = e_p(:,nyn,:)
803	IF ( rans_tke_e ) diss_p(:,nyn+1,:) = diss_p(:,nyn,:)
804	IF ( humidity ) THEN
805	q_p(:,nyn+1,:) = q_p(:,nyn,:)
806	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison ) THEN
807	qc_p(:,nyn+1,:) = qc_p(:,nyn,:)
808	nc_p(:,nyn+1,:) = nc_p(:,nyn,:)
809	ENDIF
810	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
811	qr_p(:,nyn+1,:) = qr_p(:,nyn,:)
812	nr_p(:,nyn+1,:) = nr_p(:,nyn,:)
813	ENDIF
814	ENDIF
815	IF ( passive_scalar ) s_p(:,nyn+1,:) = s_p(:,nyn,:)
816	ELSEIF ( bc_radiation_l ) THEN
817	pt_p(:,:,nxl-1) = pt_p(:,:,nxl)
818	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) e_p(:,:,nxl-1) = e_p(:,:,nxl)
819	IF ( rans_tke_e ) diss_p(:,:,nxl-1) = diss_p(:,:,nxl)
820	IF ( humidity ) THEN
821	q_p(:,:,nxl-1) = q_p(:,:,nxl)
822	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison ) THEN
823	qc_p(:,:,nxl-1) = qc_p(:,:,nxl)
824	nc_p(:,:,nxl-1) = nc_p(:,:,nxl)
825	ENDIF
826	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
827	qr_p(:,:,nxl-1) = qr_p(:,:,nxl)
828	nr_p(:,:,nxl-1) = nr_p(:,:,nxl)
829	ENDIF
830	ENDIF
831	IF ( passive_scalar ) s_p(:,:,nxl-1) = s_p(:,:,nxl)
832	ELSEIF ( bc_radiation_r ) THEN
833	pt_p(:,:,nxr+1) = pt_p(:,:,nxr)
834	IF ( .NOT. constant_diffusion ) e_p(:,:,nxr+1) = e_p(:,:,nxr)
835	IF ( rans_tke_e ) diss_p(:,:,nxr+1) = diss_p(:,:,nxr)
836	IF ( humidity ) THEN
837	q_p(:,:,nxr+1) = q_p(:,:,nxr)
838	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_morrison ) THEN
839	qc_p(:,:,nxr+1) = qc_p(:,:,nxr)
840	nc_p(:,:,nxr+1) = nc_p(:,:,nxr)
841	ENDIF
842	IF ( bulk_cloud_model .AND. microphysics_seifert ) THEN
843	qr_p(:,:,nxr+1) = qr_p(:,:,nxr)
844	nr_p(:,:,nxr+1) = nr_p(:,:,nxr)
845	ENDIF
846	ENDIF
847	IF ( passive_scalar ) s_p(:,:,nxr+1) = s_p(:,:,nxr)
848	ENDIF
849
850	!
851	!-- Lateral boundary conditions for chemical species
852	IF ( air_chemistry ) CALL chem_boundary_conds( 'set_bc_lateral' )
853
854	!
855	!-- Radiation boundary conditions for the velocities at the respective outflow.
856	!-- The phase velocity is either assumed to the maximum phase velocity that
857	!-- ensures numerical stability (CFL-condition) or calculated after
858	!-- Orlanski(1976) and averaged along the outflow boundary.
859	IF ( bc_radiation_s ) THEN
860
861	IF ( use_cmax ) THEN
862	u_p(:,-1,:) = u(:,0,:)
863	v_p(:,0,:) = v(:,1,:)
864	w_p(:,-1,:) = w(:,0,:)
865	ELSEIF ( .NOT. use_cmax ) THEN
866
867	c_max = dy / dt_3d
868
869	c_u_m_l = 0.0_wp
870	c_v_m_l = 0.0_wp
871	c_w_m_l = 0.0_wp
872
873	c_u_m = 0.0_wp
874	c_v_m = 0.0_wp
875	c_w_m = 0.0_wp
876
877	!
878	!-- Calculate the phase speeds for u, v, and w, first local and then
879	!-- average along the outflow boundary.
880	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
881	DO i = nxl, nxr
882
883	denom = u_m_s(k,0,i) - u_m_s(k,1,i)
884
885	IF ( denom /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
886	c_u(k,i) = -c_max * ( u(k,0,i) - u_m_s(k,0,i) ) / ( denom * tsc(2) )
887	IF ( c_u(k,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
888	c_u(k,i) = 0.0_wp
889	ELSEIF ( c_u(k,i) > c_max ) THEN
890	c_u(k,i) = c_max
891	ENDIF
892	ELSE
893	c_u(k,i) = c_max
894	ENDIF
895
896	denom = v_m_s(k,1,i) - v_m_s(k,2,i)
897
898	IF ( denom /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
899	c_v(k,i) = -c_max * ( v(k,1,i) - v_m_s(k,1,i) ) / ( denom * tsc(2) )
900	IF ( c_v(k,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
901	c_v(k,i) = 0.0_wp
902	ELSEIF ( c_v(k,i) > c_max ) THEN
903	c_v(k,i) = c_max
904	ENDIF
905	ELSE
906	c_v(k,i) = c_max
907	ENDIF
908
909	denom = w_m_s(k,0,i) - w_m_s(k,1,i)
910
911	IF ( denom /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
912	c_w(k,i) = -c_max * ( w(k,0,i) - w_m_s(k,0,i) ) / ( denom * tsc(2) )
913	IF ( c_w(k,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
914	c_w(k,i) = 0.0_wp
915	ELSEIF ( c_w(k,i) > c_max ) THEN
916	c_w(k,i) = c_max
917	ENDIF
918	ELSE
919	c_w(k,i) = c_max
920	ENDIF
921
922	c_u_m_l(k) = c_u_m_l(k) + c_u(k,i)
923	c_v_m_l(k) = c_v_m_l(k) + c_v(k,i)
924	c_w_m_l(k) = c_w_m_l(k) + c_w(k,i)
925
926	ENDDO
927	ENDDO
928
929	#if defined( __parallel )
930	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm1dx, ierr )
931	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( c_u_m_l(nzb+1), c_u_m(nzb+1), nzt-nzb, MPI_REAL, &
932	MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
933	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm1dx, ierr )
934	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( c_v_m_l(nzb+1), c_v_m(nzb+1), nzt-nzb, MPI_REAL, &
935	MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
936	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm1dx, ierr )
937	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( c_w_m_l(nzb+1), c_w_m(nzb+1), nzt-nzb, MPI_REAL, &
938	MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
939	#else
940	c_u_m = c_u_m_l
941	c_v_m = c_v_m_l
942	c_w_m = c_w_m_l
943	#endif
944
945	c_u_m = c_u_m / (nx+1)
946	c_v_m = c_v_m / (nx+1)
947	c_w_m = c_w_m / (nx+1)
948
949	!
950	!-- Save old timelevels for the next timestep
951	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
952	u_m_s(:,:,:) = u(:,0:1,:)
953	v_m_s(:,:,:) = v(:,1:2,:)
954	w_m_s(:,:,:) = w(:,0:1,:)
955	ENDIF
956
957	!
958	!-- Calculate the new velocities
959	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
960	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
961	u_p(k,-1,i) = u(k,-1,i) - dt_3d * tsc(2) * c_u_m(k) * &
962	( u(k,-1,i) - u(k,0,i) ) * ddy
963
964	v_p(k,0,i) = v(k,0,i) - dt_3d * tsc(2) * c_v_m(k) * &
965	( v(k,0,i) - v(k,1,i) ) * ddy
966
967	w_p(k,-1,i) = w(k,-1,i) - dt_3d * tsc(2) * c_w_m(k) * &
968	( w(k,-1,i) - w(k,0,i) ) * ddy
969	ENDDO
970	ENDDO
971
972	!
973	!-- Bottom boundary at the outflow
974	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 ) THEN
975	u_p(nzb,-1,:) = 0.0_wp
976	v_p(nzb,0,:) = 0.0_wp
977	ELSE
978	u_p(nzb,-1,:) = u_p(nzb+1,-1,:)
979	v_p(nzb,0,:) = v_p(nzb+1,0,:)
980	ENDIF
981	w_p(nzb,-1,:) = 0.0_wp
982
983	!
984	!-- Top boundary at the outflow
985	IF ( ibc_uv_t == 0 ) THEN
986	u_p(nzt+1,-1,:) = u_init(nzt+1)
987	v_p(nzt+1,0,:) = v_init(nzt+1)
988	ELSE
989	u_p(nzt+1,-1,:) = u_p(nzt,-1,:)
990	v_p(nzt+1,0,:) = v_p(nzt,0,:)
991	ENDIF
992	w_p(nzt:nzt+1,-1,:) = 0.0_wp
993
994	ENDIF
995
996	ENDIF
997
998	IF ( bc_radiation_n ) THEN
999
1000	IF ( use_cmax ) THEN
1001	u_p(:,ny+1,:) = u(:,ny,:)
1002	v_p(:,ny+1,:) = v(:,ny,:)
1003	w_p(:,ny+1,:) = w(:,ny,:)
1004	ELSEIF ( .NOT. use_cmax ) THEN
1005
1006	c_max = dy / dt_3d
1007
1008	c_u_m_l = 0.0_wp
1009	c_v_m_l = 0.0_wp
1010	c_w_m_l = 0.0_wp
1011
1012	c_u_m = 0.0_wp
1013	c_v_m = 0.0_wp
1014	c_w_m = 0.0_wp
1015
1016	!
1017	!-- Calculate the phase speeds for u, v, and w, first local and then
1018	!-- average along the outflow boundary.
1019	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1020	DO i = nxl, nxr
1021
1022	denom = u_m_n(k,ny,i) - u_m_n(k,ny-1,i)
1023
1024	IF ( denom /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1025	c_u(k,i) = -c_max * ( u(k,ny,i) - u_m_n(k,ny,i) ) / ( denom * tsc(2) )
1026	IF ( c_u(k,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1027	c_u(k,i) = 0.0_wp
1028	ELSEIF ( c_u(k,i) > c_max ) THEN
1029	c_u(k,i) = c_max
1030	ENDIF
1031	ELSE
1032	c_u(k,i) = c_max
1033	ENDIF
1034
1035	denom = v_m_n(k,ny,i) - v_m_n(k,ny-1,i)
1036
1037	IF ( denom /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1038	c_v(k,i) = -c_max * ( v(k,ny,i) - v_m_n(k,ny,i) ) / ( denom * tsc(2) )
1039	IF ( c_v(k,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1040	c_v(k,i) = 0.0_wp
1041	ELSEIF ( c_v(k,i) > c_max ) THEN
1042	c_v(k,i) = c_max
1043	ENDIF
1044	ELSE
1045	c_v(k,i) = c_max
1046	ENDIF
1047
1048	denom = w_m_n(k,ny,i) - w_m_n(k,ny-1,i)
1049
1050	IF ( denom /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1051	c_w(k,i) = -c_max * ( w(k,ny,i) - w_m_n(k,ny,i) ) / ( denom * tsc(2) )
1052	IF ( c_w(k,i) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1053	c_w(k,i) = 0.0_wp
1054	ELSEIF ( c_w(k,i) > c_max ) THEN
1055	c_w(k,i) = c_max
1056	ENDIF
1057	ELSE
1058	c_w(k,i) = c_max
1059	ENDIF
1060
1061	c_u_m_l(k) = c_u_m_l(k) + c_u(k,i)
1062	c_v_m_l(k) = c_v_m_l(k) + c_v(k,i)
1063	c_w_m_l(k) = c_w_m_l(k) + c_w(k,i)
1064
1065	ENDDO
1066	ENDDO
1067
1068	#if defined( __parallel )
1069	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm1dx, ierr )
1070	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( c_u_m_l(nzb+1), c_u_m(nzb+1), nzt-nzb, MPI_REAL, &
1071	MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1072	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm1dx, ierr )
1073	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( c_v_m_l(nzb+1), c_v_m(nzb+1), nzt-nzb, MPI_REAL, &
1074	MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1075	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm1dx, ierr )
1076	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( c_w_m_l(nzb+1), c_w_m(nzb+1), nzt-nzb, MPI_REAL, &
1077	MPI_SUM, comm1dx, ierr )
1078	#else
1079	c_u_m = c_u_m_l
1080	c_v_m = c_v_m_l
1081	c_w_m = c_w_m_l
1082	#endif
1083
1084	c_u_m = c_u_m / (nx+1)
1085	c_v_m = c_v_m / (nx+1)
1086	c_w_m = c_w_m / (nx+1)
1087
1088	!
1089	!-- Save old timelevels for the next timestep
1090	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1091	u_m_n(:,:,:) = u(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1092	v_m_n(:,:,:) = v(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1093	w_m_n(:,:,:) = w(:,ny-1:ny,:)
1094	ENDIF
1095
1096	!
1097	!-- Calculate the new velocities
1098	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1099	DO i = nxlg, nxrg
1100	u_p(k,ny+1,i) = u(k,ny+1,i) - dt_3d * tsc(2) * c_u_m(k) * &
1101	( u(k,ny+1,i) - u(k,ny,i) ) * ddy
1102
1103	v_p(k,ny+1,i) = v(k,ny+1,i) - dt_3d * tsc(2) * c_v_m(k) * &
1104	( v(k,ny+1,i) - v(k,ny,i) ) * ddy
1105
1106	w_p(k,ny+1,i) = w(k,ny+1,i) - dt_3d * tsc(2) * c_w_m(k) * &
1107	( w(k,ny+1,i) - w(k,ny,i) ) * ddy
1108	ENDDO
1109	ENDDO
1110
1111	!
1112	!-- Bottom boundary at the outflow
1113	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 ) THEN
1114	u_p(nzb,ny+1,:) = 0.0_wp
1115	v_p(nzb,ny+1,:) = 0.0_wp
1116	ELSE
1117	u_p(nzb,ny+1,:) = u_p(nzb+1,ny+1,:)
1118	v_p(nzb,ny+1,:) = v_p(nzb+1,ny+1,:)
1119	ENDIF
1120	w_p(nzb,ny+1,:) = 0.0_wp
1121
1122	!
1123	!-- Top boundary at the outflow
1124	IF ( ibc_uv_t == 0 ) THEN
1125	u_p(nzt+1,ny+1,:) = u_init(nzt+1)
1126	v_p(nzt+1,ny+1,:) = v_init(nzt+1)
1127	ELSE
1128	u_p(nzt+1,ny+1,:) = u_p(nzt,nyn+1,:)
1129	v_p(nzt+1,ny+1,:) = v_p(nzt,nyn+1,:)
1130	ENDIF
1131	w_p(nzt:nzt+1,ny+1,:) = 0.0_wp
1132
1133	ENDIF
1134
1135	ENDIF
1136
1137	IF ( bc_radiation_l ) THEN
1138
1139	IF ( use_cmax ) THEN
1140	u_p(:,:,0) = u(:,:,1)
1141	v_p(:,:,-1) = v(:,:,0)
1142	w_p(:,:,-1) = w(:,:,0)
1143	ELSEIF ( .NOT. use_cmax ) THEN
1144
1145	c_max = dx / dt_3d
1146
1147	c_u_m_l = 0.0_wp
1148	c_v_m_l = 0.0_wp
1149	c_w_m_l = 0.0_wp
1150
1151	c_u_m = 0.0_wp
1152	c_v_m = 0.0_wp
1153	c_w_m = 0.0_wp
1154
1155	!
1156	!-- Calculate the phase speeds for u, v, and w, first local and then
1157	!-- average along the outflow boundary.
1158	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1159	DO j = nys, nyn
1160
1161	denom = u_m_l(k,j,1) - u_m_l(k,j,2)
1162
1163	IF ( denom /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1164	c_u(k,j) = -c_max * ( u(k,j,1) - u_m_l(k,j,1) ) / ( denom * tsc(2) )
1165	IF ( c_u(k,j) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1166	c_u(k,j) = 0.0_wp
1167	ELSEIF ( c_u(k,j) > c_max ) THEN
1168	c_u(k,j) = c_max
1169	ENDIF
1170	ELSE
1171	c_u(k,j) = c_max
1172	ENDIF
1173
1174	denom = v_m_l(k,j,0) - v_m_l(k,j,1)
1175
1176	IF ( denom /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1177	c_v(k,j) = -c_max * ( v(k,j,0) - v_m_l(k,j,0) ) / ( denom * tsc(2) )
1178	IF ( c_v(k,j) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1179	c_v(k,j) = 0.0_wp
1180	ELSEIF ( c_v(k,j) > c_max ) THEN
1181	c_v(k,j) = c_max
1182	ENDIF
1183	ELSE
1184	c_v(k,j) = c_max
1185	ENDIF
1186
1187	denom = w_m_l(k,j,0) - w_m_l(k,j,1)
1188
1189	IF ( denom /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1190	c_w(k,j) = -c_max * ( w(k,j,0) - w_m_l(k,j,0) ) / ( denom * tsc(2) )
1191	IF ( c_w(k,j) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1192	c_w(k,j) = 0.0_wp
1193	ELSEIF ( c_w(k,j) > c_max ) THEN
1194	c_w(k,j) = c_max
1195	ENDIF
1196	ELSE
1197	c_w(k,j) = c_max
1198	ENDIF
1199
1200	c_u_m_l(k) = c_u_m_l(k) + c_u(k,j)
1201	c_v_m_l(k) = c_v_m_l(k) + c_v(k,j)
1202	c_w_m_l(k) = c_w_m_l(k) + c_w(k,j)
1203
1204	ENDDO
1205	ENDDO
1206
1207	#if defined( __parallel )
1208	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm1dy, ierr )
1209	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( c_u_m_l(nzb+1), c_u_m(nzb+1), nzt-nzb, MPI_REAL, &
1210	MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1211	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm1dy, ierr )
1212	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( c_v_m_l(nzb+1), c_v_m(nzb+1), nzt-nzb, MPI_REAL, &
1213	MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1214	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm1dy, ierr )
1215	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( c_w_m_l(nzb+1), c_w_m(nzb+1), nzt-nzb, MPI_REAL, &
1216	MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1217	#else
1218	c_u_m = c_u_m_l
1219	c_v_m = c_v_m_l
1220	c_w_m = c_w_m_l
1221	#endif
1222
1223	c_u_m = c_u_m / (ny+1)
1224	c_v_m = c_v_m / (ny+1)
1225	c_w_m = c_w_m / (ny+1)
1226
1227	!
1228	!-- Save old timelevels for the next timestep
1229	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1230	u_m_l(:,:,:) = u(:,:,1:2)
1231	v_m_l(:,:,:) = v(:,:,0:1)
1232	w_m_l(:,:,:) = w(:,:,0:1)
1233	ENDIF
1234
1235	!
1236	!-- Calculate the new velocities
1237	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1238	DO j = nysg, nyng
1239	u_p(k,j,0) = u(k,j,0) - dt_3d * tsc(2) * c_u_m(k) * &
1240	( u(k,j,0) - u(k,j,1) ) * ddx
1241
1242	v_p(k,j,-1) = v(k,j,-1) - dt_3d * tsc(2) * c_v_m(k) * &
1243	( v(k,j,-1) - v(k,j,0) ) * ddx
1244
1245	w_p(k,j,-1) = w(k,j,-1) - dt_3d * tsc(2) * c_w_m(k) * &
1246	( w(k,j,-1) - w(k,j,0) ) * ddx
1247	ENDDO
1248	ENDDO
1249
1250	!
1251	!-- Bottom boundary at the outflow
1252	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 ) THEN
1253	u_p(nzb,:,0) = 0.0_wp
1254	v_p(nzb,:,-1) = 0.0_wp
1255	ELSE
1256	u_p(nzb,:,0) = u_p(nzb+1,:,0)
1257	v_p(nzb,:,-1) = v_p(nzb+1,:,-1)
1258	ENDIF
1259	w_p(nzb,:,-1) = 0.0_wp
1260
1261	!
1262	!-- Top boundary at the outflow
1263	IF ( ibc_uv_t == 0 ) THEN
1264	u_p(nzt+1,:,0) = u_init(nzt+1)
1265	v_p(nzt+1,:,-1) = v_init(nzt+1)
1266	ELSE
1267	u_p(nzt+1,:,0) = u_p(nzt,:,0)
1268	v_p(nzt+1,:,-1) = v_p(nzt,:,-1)
1269	ENDIF
1270	w_p(nzt:nzt+1,:,-1) = 0.0_wp
1271
1272	ENDIF
1273
1274	ENDIF
1275
1276	IF ( bc_radiation_r ) THEN
1277
1278	IF ( use_cmax ) THEN
1279	u_p(:,:,nx+1) = u(:,:,nx)
1280	v_p(:,:,nx+1) = v(:,:,nx)
1281	w_p(:,:,nx+1) = w(:,:,nx)
1282	ELSEIF ( .NOT. use_cmax ) THEN
1283
1284	c_max = dx / dt_3d
1285
1286	c_u_m_l = 0.0_wp
1287	c_v_m_l = 0.0_wp
1288	c_w_m_l = 0.0_wp
1289
1290	c_u_m = 0.0_wp
1291	c_v_m = 0.0_wp
1292	c_w_m = 0.0_wp
1293
1294	!
1295	!-- Calculate the phase speeds for u, v, and w, first local and then
1296	!-- average along the outflow boundary.
1297	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1298	DO j = nys, nyn
1299
1300	denom = u_m_r(k,j,nx) - u_m_r(k,j,nx-1)
1301
1302	IF ( denom /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1303	c_u(k,j) = -c_max * ( u(k,j,nx) - u_m_r(k,j,nx) ) / ( denom * tsc(2) )
1304	IF ( c_u(k,j) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1305	c_u(k,j) = 0.0_wp
1306	ELSEIF ( c_u(k,j) > c_max ) THEN
1307	c_u(k,j) = c_max
1308	ENDIF
1309	ELSE
1310	c_u(k,j) = c_max
1311	ENDIF
1312
1313	denom = v_m_r(k,j,nx) - v_m_r(k,j,nx-1)
1314
1315	IF ( denom /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1316	c_v(k,j) = -c_max * ( v(k,j,nx) - v_m_r(k,j,nx) ) / ( denom * tsc(2) )
1317	IF ( c_v(k,j) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1318	c_v(k,j) = 0.0_wp
1319	ELSEIF ( c_v(k,j) > c_max ) THEN
1320	c_v(k,j) = c_max
1321	ENDIF
1322	ELSE
1323	c_v(k,j) = c_max
1324	ENDIF
1325
1326	denom = w_m_r(k,j,nx) - w_m_r(k,j,nx-1)
1327
1328	IF ( denom /= 0.0_wp ) THEN
1329	c_w(k,j) = -c_max * ( w(k,j,nx) - w_m_r(k,j,nx) ) / ( denom * tsc(2) )
1330	IF ( c_w(k,j) < 0.0_wp ) THEN
1331	c_w(k,j) = 0.0_wp
1332	ELSEIF ( c_w(k,j) > c_max ) THEN
1333	c_w(k,j) = c_max
1334	ENDIF
1335	ELSE
1336	c_w(k,j) = c_max
1337	ENDIF
1338
1339	c_u_m_l(k) = c_u_m_l(k) + c_u(k,j)
1340	c_v_m_l(k) = c_v_m_l(k) + c_v(k,j)
1341	c_w_m_l(k) = c_w_m_l(k) + c_w(k,j)
1342
1343	ENDDO
1344	ENDDO
1345
1346	#if defined( __parallel )
1347	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm1dy, ierr )
1348	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( c_u_m_l(nzb+1), c_u_m(nzb+1), nzt-nzb, MPI_REAL, &
1349	MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1350	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm1dy, ierr )
1351	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( c_v_m_l(nzb+1), c_v_m(nzb+1), nzt-nzb, MPI_REAL, &
1352	MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1353	IF ( collective_wait ) CALL MPI_BARRIER( comm1dy, ierr )
1354	CALL MPI_ALLREDUCE( c_w_m_l(nzb+1), c_w_m(nzb+1), nzt-nzb, MPI_REAL, &
1355	MPI_SUM, comm1dy, ierr )
1356	#else
1357	c_u_m = c_u_m_l
1358	c_v_m = c_v_m_l
1359	c_w_m = c_w_m_l
1360	#endif
1361
1362	c_u_m = c_u_m / (ny+1)
1363	c_v_m = c_v_m / (ny+1)
1364	c_w_m = c_w_m / (ny+1)
1365
1366	!
1367	!-- Save old timelevels for the next timestep
1368	IF ( intermediate_timestep_count == 1 ) THEN
1369	u_m_r(:,:,:) = u(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1370	v_m_r(:,:,:) = v(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1371	w_m_r(:,:,:) = w(:,:,nx-1:nx)
1372	ENDIF
1373
1374	!
1375	!-- Calculate the new velocities
1376	DO k = nzb+1, nzt+1
1377	DO j = nysg, nyng
1378	u_p(k,j,nx+1) = u(k,j,nx+1) - dt_3d * tsc(2) * c_u_m(k) * &
1379	( u(k,j,nx+1) - u(k,j,nx) ) * ddx
1380
1381	v_p(k,j,nx+1) = v(k,j,nx+1) - dt_3d * tsc(2) * c_v_m(k) * &
1382	( v(k,j,nx+1) - v(k,j,nx) ) * ddx
1383
1384	w_p(k,j,nx+1) = w(k,j,nx+1) - dt_3d * tsc(2) * c_w_m(k) * &
1385	( w(k,j,nx+1) - w(k,j,nx) ) * ddx
1386	ENDDO
1387	ENDDO
1388
1389	!
1390	!-- Bottom boundary at the outflow
1391	IF ( ibc_uv_b == 0 ) THEN
1392	u_p(nzb,:,nx+1) = 0.0_wp
1393	v_p(nzb,:,nx+1) = 0.0_wp
1394	ELSE
1395	u_p(nzb,:,nx+1) = u_p(nzb+1,:,nx+1)
1396	v_p(nzb,:,nx+1) = v_p(nzb+1,:,nx+1)
1397	ENDIF
1398	w_p(nzb,:,nx+1) = 0.0_wp
1399
1400	!
1401	!-- Top boundary at the outflow
1402	IF ( ibc_uv_t == 0 ) THEN
1403	u_p(nzt+1,:,nx+1) = u_init(nzt+1)
1404	v_p(nzt+1,:,nx+1) = v_init(nzt+1)
1405	ELSE
1406	u_p(nzt+1,:,nx+1) = u_p(nzt,:,nx+1)
1407	v_p(nzt+1,:,nx+1) = v_p(nzt,:,nx+1)
1408	ENDIF
1409	w_p(nzt:nzt+1,:,nx+1) = 0.0_wp
1410
1411	ENDIF
1412
1413	ENDIF
1414
1415	IF ( salsa ) THEN
1416	CALL salsa_boundary_conds
1417	ENDIF
1418
1419	END SUBROUTINE boundary_conds

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