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| 29 | <title>PALM chapter 4.1</title></head> |
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| 30 | <body> |
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| 31 | |
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| 36 | |
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| 37 | <h3><a name="chapter4.1"></a>4.1 |
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| 38 | Initialization parameters</h3> |
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| 39 | |
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| 40 | |
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| 41 | |
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| 42 | |
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| 43 | |
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| 44 | |
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| 45 | |
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| 46 | <br> |
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| 47 | |
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| 49 | |
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| 51 | |
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| 52 | |
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| 53 | <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> |
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| 54 | |
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| 59 | |
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| 60 | <tbody> |
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| 61 | |
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| 66 | |
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| 67 | |
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| 68 | <tr> |
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| 69 | |
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| 71 | |
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| 72 | |
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| 73 | |
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| 74 | |
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| 75 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter name</b></font></td> |
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| 76 | |
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| 77 | |
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| 79 | |
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| 80 | |
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| 81 | |
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| 82 | |
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| 83 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td> |
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| 84 | |
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| 85 | |
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| 86 | |
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| 87 | |
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| 88 | |
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| 89 | |
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| 90 | |
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| 91 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 92 | |
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| 93 | |
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| 94 | |
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| 95 | |
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| 96 | |
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| 97 | |
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| 98 | <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br> |
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| 99 | |
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| 100 | |
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| 101 | |
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| 102 | |
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| 103 | |
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| 104 | |
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| 105 | <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p> |
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| 106 | |
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| 107 | |
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| 108 | |
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| 109 | |
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| 110 | |
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| 111 | |
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| 112 | </td> |
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| 113 | |
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| 114 | |
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| 115 | |
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| 116 | |
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| 117 | |
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| 118 | |
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| 119 | |
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| 120 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td> |
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| 121 | |
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| 122 | |
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| 123 | |
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| 124 | |
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| 125 | |
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| 126 | |
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| 127 | |
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| 128 | </tr> |
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| 129 | |
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| 131 | |
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| 132 | |
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| 133 | |
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| 134 | |
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| 135 | <tr> |
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| 136 | |
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| 139 | |
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| 140 | |
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| 141 | |
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| 142 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 143 | |
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| 144 | |
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| 145 | |
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| 146 | |
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| 147 | |
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| 148 | |
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| 149 | <p><a name="adjust_mixing_length"></a><b>adjust_mixing_length</b></p> |
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| 150 | |
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| 151 | |
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| 152 | |
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| 153 | |
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| 154 | |
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| 155 | |
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| 156 | |
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| 157 | </td> |
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| 158 | |
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| 159 | |
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| 160 | |
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| 161 | |
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| 162 | |
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| 163 | |
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| 164 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
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| 165 | |
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| 166 | |
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| 167 | |
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| 168 | |
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| 169 | |
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| 170 | |
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| 171 | |
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| 172 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
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| 173 | |
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| 174 | |
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| 175 | |
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| 176 | |
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| 177 | |
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| 178 | |
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| 179 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 180 | |
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| 181 | |
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| 182 | |
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| 183 | |
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| 184 | |
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| 185 | |
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| 186 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Near-surface adjustment of the |
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| 187 | mixing length to the Prandtl-layer law. </p> |
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| 188 | |
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| 189 | |
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| 190 | |
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| 191 | |
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| 192 | |
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| 193 | |
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| 194 | |
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| 195 | |
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| 196 | |
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| 197 | |
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| 198 | |
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| 199 | |
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| 200 | |
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| 201 | <p>Usually |
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| 202 | the mixing length in LES models l<sub>LES</sub> |
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| 203 | depends (as in PALM) on the grid size and is possibly restricted |
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| 204 | further in case of stable stratification and near the lower wall (see |
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| 205 | parameter <a href="#wall_adjustment">wall_adjustment</a>). |
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| 206 | With <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> |
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| 207 | the Prandtl' mixing length l<sub>PR</sub> = kappa * z/phi |
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| 208 | is calculated |
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| 209 | and the mixing length actually used in the model is set l = MIN (l<sub>LES</sub>, |
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| 210 | l<sub>PR</sub>). This usually gives a decrease of the |
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| 211 | mixing length at |
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| 212 | the bottom boundary and considers the fact that eddy sizes |
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| 213 | decrease in the vicinity of the wall. </p> |
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| 214 | |
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| 215 | |
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| 216 | |
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| 217 | |
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| 219 | |
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| 221 | |
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| 222 | |
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| 223 | |
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| 224 | |
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| 225 | |
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| 226 | |
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| 227 | <p style="font-style: normal;"><b>Warning:</b> So |
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| 228 | far, there is |
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| 229 | no good experience with <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> ! </p> |
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| 230 | |
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| 231 | |
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| 232 | |
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| 233 | |
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| 234 | |
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| 235 | |
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| 237 | |
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| 238 | |
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| 239 | |
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| 240 | |
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| 241 | |
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| 242 | |
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| 243 | <p>With <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and the |
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| 244 | Prandtl-layer being |
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| 245 | switched on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>) |
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| 246 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*)** 2+neumann'</span> |
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| 247 | should always be set as the lower boundary condition for the TKE (see <a href="#bc_e_b">bc_e_b</a>), |
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| 248 | otherwise the near-surface value of the TKE is not in agreement with |
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| 249 | the Prandtl-layer law (Prandtl-layer law and Prandtl-Kolmogorov-Ansatz |
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| 250 | should provide the same value for K<sub>m</sub>). A warning |
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| 251 | is given, |
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| 252 | if this is not the case.</p> |
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| 253 | |
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| 254 | |
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| 255 | |
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| 256 | |
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| 257 | |
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| 258 | |
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| 259 | </td> |
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| 260 | |
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| 261 | |
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| 262 | |
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| 263 | |
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| 264 | |
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| 265 | |
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| 266 | </tr> |
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| 267 | |
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| 268 | |
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| 269 | |
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| 270 | |
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| 271 | |
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| 272 | |
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| 273 | <tr> |
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| 274 | |
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| 275 | |
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| 277 | |
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| 278 | |
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| 279 | |
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| 280 | |
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| 281 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 282 | |
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| 283 | |
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| 284 | |
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| 285 | |
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| 286 | |
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| 287 | |
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| 288 | <p><a name="alpha_surface"></a><b>alpha_surface</b></p> |
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| 289 | |
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| 290 | |
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| 291 | |
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| 292 | |
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| 293 | |
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| 294 | |
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| 295 | |
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| 296 | </td> |
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| 297 | |
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| 298 | |
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| 299 | |
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| 300 | |
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| 301 | |
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| 302 | |
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| 303 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
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| 304 | |
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| 305 | |
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| 306 | |
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| 307 | |
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| 308 | |
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| 309 | |
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| 310 | </td> |
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| 311 | |
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| 312 | |
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| 313 | |
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| 314 | |
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| 315 | |
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| 316 | |
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| 317 | |
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| 318 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
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| 319 | |
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| 320 | |
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| 321 | |
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| 322 | |
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| 323 | |
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| 324 | |
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| 325 | </td> |
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| 326 | |
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| 327 | |
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| 328 | |
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| 329 | |
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| 330 | |
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| 331 | |
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| 332 | |
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| 333 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 334 | |
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| 335 | |
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| 336 | |
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| 337 | |
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| 338 | |
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| 339 | |
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| 340 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Inclination of the model domain |
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| 341 | with respect to the horizontal (in degrees). </p> |
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| 342 | |
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| 343 | |
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| 344 | |
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| 345 | |
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| 347 | |
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| 351 | |
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| 353 | |
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| 354 | |
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| 355 | <p style="font-style: normal;">By means of <b>alpha_surface</b> |
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| 356 | the model domain can be inclined in x-direction with respect to the |
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| 357 | horizontal. In this way flows over inclined surfaces (e.g. drainage |
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| 358 | flows, gravity flows) can be simulated. In case of <b>alpha_surface |
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| 359 | </b>/= <span style="font-style: italic;">0</span> |
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| 360 | the buoyancy term |
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| 361 | appears both in |
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| 362 | the equation of motion of the u-component and of the w-component.<br> |
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| 363 | |
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| 364 | |
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| 365 | |
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| 366 | |
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| 367 | |
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| 368 | |
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| 369 | |
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| 370 | </p> |
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| 371 | |
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| 372 | |
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| 373 | |
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| 374 | |
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| 375 | |
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| 376 | |
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| 377 | |
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| 378 | |
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| 379 | |
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| 380 | |
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| 381 | |
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| 382 | |
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| 383 | |
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| 384 | <p style="font-style: normal;">An inclination |
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| 385 | is only possible in |
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| 386 | case of cyclic horizontal boundary conditions along x AND y (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
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| 387 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>) and <a href="#topography">topography</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span>. </p> |
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| 388 | |
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| 389 | |
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| 390 | |
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| 391 | |
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| 392 | |
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| 393 | |
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| 394 | |
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| 395 | |
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| 396 | |
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| 397 | |
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| 398 | |
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| 399 | |
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| 400 | |
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| 401 | <p>Runs with inclined surface still require additional |
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| 402 | user-defined code as well as modifications to the default code. Please |
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| 403 | ask the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/PALM_group.html#0">PALM |
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| 404 | developer group</a>.</p> |
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| 405 | |
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| 406 | |
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| 407 | |
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| 408 | |
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| 409 | |
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| 410 | |
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| 411 | </td> |
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| 412 | |
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| 413 | |
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| 414 | |
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| 415 | |
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| 416 | |
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| 417 | |
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| 418 | </tr> |
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| 419 | |
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| 420 | |
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| 421 | |
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| 422 | |
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| 423 | |
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| 424 | |
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| 425 | |
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| 426 | <tr> |
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| 427 | |
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| 428 | |
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| 429 | |
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| 430 | |
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| 431 | |
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| 432 | |
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| 433 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 434 | |
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| 435 | |
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| 436 | |
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| 437 | |
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| 438 | |
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| 439 | |
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| 440 | <p><a name="bc_e_b"></a><b>bc_e_b</b></p> |
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| 441 | |
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| 442 | |
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| 443 | |
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| 444 | |
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| 445 | |
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| 446 | |
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| 447 | </td> |
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| 448 | |
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| 449 | |
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| 450 | |
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| 451 | |
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| 452 | |
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| 453 | |
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| 454 | |
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| 455 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
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| 456 | |
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| 457 | |
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| 458 | |
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| 459 | |
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| 460 | |
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| 461 | |
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| 462 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
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| 463 | |
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| 464 | |
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| 465 | |
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| 466 | |
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| 467 | |
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| 468 | |
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| 469 | |
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| 470 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 471 | |
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| 472 | |
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| 473 | |
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| 474 | |
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| 475 | |
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| 476 | |
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| 477 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
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| 478 | TKE. </p> |
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| 479 | |
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| 480 | |
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| 481 | |
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| 482 | |
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| 483 | |
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| 484 | |
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| 485 | |
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| 486 | |
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| 487 | |
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| 488 | |
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| 489 | |
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| 490 | |
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| 491 | |
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| 492 | <p><b>bc_e_b</b> may be |
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| 493 | set to <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
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| 494 | or <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*) ** 2+neumann'</span>. |
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| 495 | <b>bc_e_b</b> |
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| 496 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
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| 497 | yields to |
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| 498 | e(k=0)=e(k=1) (Neumann boundary condition), where e(k=1) is calculated |
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| 499 | via the prognostic TKE equation. Choice of <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*)**2+neumann'</span> |
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| 500 | also yields to |
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| 501 | e(k=0)=e(k=1), but the TKE at the Prandtl-layer top (k=1) is calculated |
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| 502 | diagnostically by e(k=1)=(us/0.1)**2. However, this is only allowed if |
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| 503 | a Prandtl-layer is used (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>). |
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| 504 | If this is not the case, a warning is given and <b>bc_e_b</b> |
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| 505 | is reset |
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| 506 | to <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
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| 507 | </p> |
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| 508 | |
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| 509 | |
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| 510 | |
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| 511 | |
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| 512 | |
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| 513 | |
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| 514 | |
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| 515 | |
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| 516 | |
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| 517 | |
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| 518 | |
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| 519 | |
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| 520 | |
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| 521 | <p style="font-style: normal;">At the top |
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| 522 | boundary a Neumann |
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| 523 | boundary condition is generally used: (e(nz+1) = e(nz)).</p> |
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| 524 | |
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| 525 | |
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| 526 | |
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| 527 | |
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| 528 | |
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| 529 | |
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| 530 | </td> |
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| 531 | |
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| 532 | |
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| 533 | |
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| 534 | |
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| 535 | |
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| 536 | |
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| 537 | |
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| 538 | </tr> |
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| 539 | |
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| 540 | |
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| 541 | |
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| 542 | |
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| 543 | |
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| 544 | |
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| 545 | <tr> |
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| 546 | |
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| 547 | |
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| 548 | |
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| 549 | |
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| 550 | |
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| 551 | |
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| 552 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 553 | |
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| 554 | |
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| 555 | |
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| 556 | |
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| 557 | |
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| 558 | |
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| 559 | <p><a name="bc_lr"></a><b>bc_lr</b></p> |
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| 560 | |
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| 561 | |
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| 562 | |
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| 563 | |
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| 564 | |
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| 565 | |
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| 566 | |
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| 567 | </td> |
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| 568 | |
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| 569 | |
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| 570 | |
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| 571 | |
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| 572 | |
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| 573 | |
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| 574 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
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| 575 | |
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| 576 | |
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| 577 | |
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| 578 | |
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| 579 | |
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| 580 | |
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| 581 | |
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| 582 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td> |
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| 583 | |
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| 584 | |
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| 585 | |
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| 586 | |
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| 587 | |
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| 588 | |
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| 589 | |
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| 590 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary |
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| 591 | condition along x (for all quantities).<br> |
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| 592 | |
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| 593 | |
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| 594 | |
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| 595 | |
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| 596 | |
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| 597 | |
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| 598 | <br> |
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| 599 | |
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| 600 | |
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| 601 | |
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| 602 | |
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| 603 | |
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| 604 | |
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| 605 | |
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| 606 | By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along x.<br> |
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| 607 | |
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| 608 | |
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| 609 | |
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| 610 | |
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| 611 | |
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| 612 | |
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| 613 | <br> |
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| 614 | |
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| 615 | |
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| 616 | |
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| 617 | |
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| 618 | |
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| 619 | |
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| 620 | |
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| 621 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_lr</span> may |
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| 622 | also be |
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| 623 | assigned the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet/radiation'</span> |
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| 624 | (inflow from left, outflow to the right) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'radiation/dirichlet'</span> |
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| 625 | (inflow from |
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| 626 | right, outflow to the left). This requires the multi-grid method to be |
|---|
| 627 | used for solving the Poisson equation for perturbation pressure (see <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
|---|
| 628 | and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along y (see <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 629 | |
|---|
| 630 | |
|---|
| 631 | |
|---|
| 632 | |
|---|
| 633 | |
|---|
| 634 | |
|---|
| 635 | <br> |
|---|
| 636 | |
|---|
| 637 | |
|---|
| 638 | |
|---|
| 639 | |
|---|
| 640 | |
|---|
| 641 | |
|---|
| 642 | |
|---|
| 643 | In case of these non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a Dirichlet condition |
|---|
| 644 | is used at the inflow for all quantities (initial vertical profiles - |
|---|
| 645 | see <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 646 | - are fixed during the run) except u, to which a Neumann (zero |
|---|
| 647 | gradient) condition is applied. At the outflow, a radiation condition is used for all velocity components, while a Neumann (zero |
|---|
| 648 | gradient) condition is used for the scalars. For perturbation |
|---|
| 649 | pressure Neumann (zero gradient) conditions are assumed both at the |
|---|
| 650 | inflow and at the outflow.<br> |
|---|
| 651 | |
|---|
| 652 | |
|---|
| 653 | |
|---|
| 654 | |
|---|
| 655 | |
|---|
| 656 | |
|---|
| 657 | <br> |
|---|
| 658 | |
|---|
| 659 | |
|---|
| 660 | |
|---|
| 661 | |
|---|
| 662 | |
|---|
| 663 | |
|---|
| 664 | |
|---|
| 665 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a filter is applied to the |
|---|
| 666 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
|---|
| 667 | reflections of outgoing disturbances (see <a href="#km_damp_max">km_damp_max</a> |
|---|
| 668 | and <a href="#outflow_damping_width">outflow_damping_width</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 669 | |
|---|
| 670 | |
|---|
| 671 | |
|---|
| 672 | |
|---|
| 673 | |
|---|
| 674 | |
|---|
| 675 | |
|---|
| 676 | <br> |
|---|
| 677 | |
|---|
| 678 | |
|---|
| 679 | |
|---|
| 680 | |
|---|
| 681 | |
|---|
| 682 | |
|---|
| 683 | |
|---|
| 684 | In order to maintain a turbulent state of the flow, it may be |
|---|
| 685 | neccessary to continuously impose perturbations on the horizontal |
|---|
| 686 | velocity field in the vicinity of the inflow throughout the whole run. |
|---|
| 687 | This can be switched on using <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>. |
|---|
| 688 | The horizontal range to which these perturbations are applied is |
|---|
| 689 | controlled by the parameters <a href="#inflow_disturbance_begin">inflow_disturbance_begin</a> |
|---|
| 690 | and <a href="#inflow_disturbance_end">inflow_disturbance_end</a>. |
|---|
| 691 | The vertical range and the perturbation amplitude are given by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_level_b</a>, |
|---|
| 692 | <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_level_t</a>, |
|---|
| 693 | and <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_amplitude</a>. |
|---|
| 694 | The time interval at which perturbations are to be imposed is set by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#dt_disturb">dt_disturb</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 695 | |
|---|
| 696 | |
|---|
| 697 | |
|---|
| 698 | |
|---|
| 699 | |
|---|
| 700 | |
|---|
| 701 | |
|---|
| 702 | <br> |
|---|
| 703 | |
|---|
| 704 | |
|---|
| 705 | |
|---|
| 706 | |
|---|
| 707 | |
|---|
| 708 | |
|---|
| 709 | |
|---|
| 710 | In case of non-cyclic horizontal boundaries <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#call_psolver_at_all_substeps">call_psolver |
|---|
| 711 | at_all_substeps</a> = .T. should be used.<br> |
|---|
| 712 | |
|---|
| 713 | |
|---|
| 714 | |
|---|
| 715 | |
|---|
| 716 | |
|---|
| 717 | |
|---|
| 718 | <br> |
|---|
| 719 | |
|---|
| 720 | |
|---|
| 721 | |
|---|
| 722 | |
|---|
| 723 | |
|---|
| 724 | |
|---|
| 725 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
|---|
| 726 | |
|---|
| 727 | |
|---|
| 728 | |
|---|
| 729 | |
|---|
| 730 | |
|---|
| 731 | |
|---|
| 732 | |
|---|
| 733 | Using non-cyclic lateral boundaries requires very sensitive adjustments |
|---|
| 734 | of the inflow (vertical profiles) and the bottom boundary conditions, |
|---|
| 735 | e.g. a surface heating should not be applied near the inflow boundary |
|---|
| 736 | because this may significantly disturb the inflow. Please check the |
|---|
| 737 | model results very carefully.</td> |
|---|
| 738 | |
|---|
| 739 | |
|---|
| 740 | |
|---|
| 741 | |
|---|
| 742 | |
|---|
| 743 | |
|---|
| 744 | </tr> |
|---|
| 745 | |
|---|
| 746 | |
|---|
| 747 | |
|---|
| 748 | |
|---|
| 749 | |
|---|
| 750 | |
|---|
| 751 | <tr> |
|---|
| 752 | |
|---|
| 753 | |
|---|
| 754 | |
|---|
| 755 | |
|---|
| 756 | |
|---|
| 757 | |
|---|
| 758 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 759 | |
|---|
| 760 | |
|---|
| 761 | |
|---|
| 762 | |
|---|
| 763 | |
|---|
| 764 | |
|---|
| 765 | <p><a name="bc_ns"></a><b>bc_ns</b></p> |
|---|
| 766 | |
|---|
| 767 | |
|---|
| 768 | |
|---|
| 769 | |
|---|
| 770 | |
|---|
| 771 | |
|---|
| 772 | |
|---|
| 773 | </td> |
|---|
| 774 | |
|---|
| 775 | |
|---|
| 776 | |
|---|
| 777 | |
|---|
| 778 | |
|---|
| 779 | |
|---|
| 780 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 781 | |
|---|
| 782 | |
|---|
| 783 | |
|---|
| 784 | |
|---|
| 785 | |
|---|
| 786 | |
|---|
| 787 | |
|---|
| 788 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td> |
|---|
| 789 | |
|---|
| 790 | |
|---|
| 791 | |
|---|
| 792 | |
|---|
| 793 | |
|---|
| 794 | |
|---|
| 795 | |
|---|
| 796 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary |
|---|
| 797 | condition along y (for all quantities).<br> |
|---|
| 798 | |
|---|
| 799 | |
|---|
| 800 | |
|---|
| 801 | |
|---|
| 802 | |
|---|
| 803 | |
|---|
| 804 | <br> |
|---|
| 805 | |
|---|
| 806 | |
|---|
| 807 | |
|---|
| 808 | |
|---|
| 809 | |
|---|
| 810 | |
|---|
| 811 | |
|---|
| 812 | By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along y.<br> |
|---|
| 813 | |
|---|
| 814 | |
|---|
| 815 | |
|---|
| 816 | |
|---|
| 817 | |
|---|
| 818 | |
|---|
| 819 | <br> |
|---|
| 820 | |
|---|
| 821 | |
|---|
| 822 | |
|---|
| 823 | |
|---|
| 824 | |
|---|
| 825 | |
|---|
| 826 | |
|---|
| 827 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_ns</span> may |
|---|
| 828 | also be |
|---|
| 829 | assigned the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet/radiation'</span> |
|---|
| 830 | (inflow from rear ("north"), outflow to the front ("south")) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'radiation/dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 831 | (inflow from front ("south"), outflow to the rear ("north")). This |
|---|
| 832 | requires the multi-grid |
|---|
| 833 | method to be used for solving the Poisson equation for perturbation |
|---|
| 834 | pressure (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
|---|
| 835 | and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along x (see<br> |
|---|
| 836 | |
|---|
| 837 | |
|---|
| 838 | |
|---|
| 839 | |
|---|
| 840 | |
|---|
| 841 | |
|---|
| 842 | <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 843 | |
|---|
| 844 | |
|---|
| 845 | |
|---|
| 846 | |
|---|
| 847 | |
|---|
| 848 | |
|---|
| 849 | <br> |
|---|
| 850 | |
|---|
| 851 | |
|---|
| 852 | |
|---|
| 853 | |
|---|
| 854 | |
|---|
| 855 | |
|---|
| 856 | |
|---|
| 857 | In case of these non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a Dirichlet condition |
|---|
| 858 | is used at the inflow for all quantities (initial vertical profiles - |
|---|
| 859 | see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 860 | - are fixed during the run) except u, to which a Neumann (zero |
|---|
| 861 | gradient) condition is applied. At the outflow, a radiation condition is used for all velocity components, while a Neumann (zero |
|---|
| 862 | gradient) condition is used for the scalars. For perturbation |
|---|
| 863 | pressure Neumann (zero gradient) conditions are assumed both at the |
|---|
| 864 | inflow and at the outflow.<br> |
|---|
| 865 | |
|---|
| 866 | |
|---|
| 867 | |
|---|
| 868 | |
|---|
| 869 | |
|---|
| 870 | |
|---|
| 871 | <br> |
|---|
| 872 | |
|---|
| 873 | |
|---|
| 874 | |
|---|
| 875 | |
|---|
| 876 | |
|---|
| 877 | |
|---|
| 878 | |
|---|
| 879 | For further details regarding non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions |
|---|
| 880 | see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 881 | |
|---|
| 882 | |
|---|
| 883 | |
|---|
| 884 | |
|---|
| 885 | |
|---|
| 886 | |
|---|
| 887 | </tr> |
|---|
| 888 | |
|---|
| 889 | |
|---|
| 890 | |
|---|
| 891 | |
|---|
| 892 | |
|---|
| 893 | |
|---|
| 894 | |
|---|
| 895 | <tr> |
|---|
| 896 | |
|---|
| 897 | |
|---|
| 898 | |
|---|
| 899 | |
|---|
| 900 | |
|---|
| 901 | |
|---|
| 902 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 903 | |
|---|
| 904 | |
|---|
| 905 | |
|---|
| 906 | |
|---|
| 907 | |
|---|
| 908 | |
|---|
| 909 | <p><a name="bc_p_b"></a><b>bc_p_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 910 | |
|---|
| 911 | |
|---|
| 912 | |
|---|
| 913 | |
|---|
| 914 | |
|---|
| 915 | |
|---|
| 916 | </td> |
|---|
| 917 | |
|---|
| 918 | |
|---|
| 919 | |
|---|
| 920 | |
|---|
| 921 | |
|---|
| 922 | |
|---|
| 923 | |
|---|
| 924 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 925 | |
|---|
| 926 | |
|---|
| 927 | |
|---|
| 928 | |
|---|
| 929 | |
|---|
| 930 | |
|---|
| 931 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
|---|
| 932 | |
|---|
| 933 | |
|---|
| 934 | |
|---|
| 935 | |
|---|
| 936 | |
|---|
| 937 | |
|---|
| 938 | |
|---|
| 939 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 940 | |
|---|
| 941 | |
|---|
| 942 | |
|---|
| 943 | |
|---|
| 944 | |
|---|
| 945 | |
|---|
| 946 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 947 | perturbation pressure. </p> |
|---|
| 948 | |
|---|
| 949 | |
|---|
| 950 | |
|---|
| 951 | |
|---|
| 952 | |
|---|
| 953 | |
|---|
| 954 | |
|---|
| 955 | |
|---|
| 956 | |
|---|
| 957 | |
|---|
| 958 | |
|---|
| 959 | |
|---|
| 960 | |
|---|
| 961 | <p>Allowed values |
|---|
| 962 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>, |
|---|
| 963 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 964 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span>. |
|---|
| 965 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 966 | sets |
|---|
| 967 | p(k=0)=0.0, <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 968 | sets p(k=0)=p(k=1). <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span> |
|---|
| 969 | corresponds to an extended Neumann boundary condition where heat flux |
|---|
| 970 | or temperature inhomogeneities near the |
|---|
| 971 | surface (pt(k=1)) are additionally regarded (see Shen and |
|---|
| 972 | LeClerc |
|---|
| 973 | (1995, Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., |
|---|
| 974 | 1209)). This condition is only permitted with the Prandtl-layer |
|---|
| 975 | switched on (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>), |
|---|
| 976 | otherwise the run is terminated. </p> |
|---|
| 977 | |
|---|
| 978 | |
|---|
| 979 | |
|---|
| 980 | |
|---|
| 981 | |
|---|
| 982 | |
|---|
| 983 | |
|---|
| 984 | |
|---|
| 985 | |
|---|
| 986 | |
|---|
| 987 | |
|---|
| 988 | |
|---|
| 989 | |
|---|
| 990 | <p>Since |
|---|
| 991 | at the bottom boundary of the model the vertical |
|---|
| 992 | velocity |
|---|
| 993 | disappears (w(k=0) = 0.0), the consistent Neumann condition (<span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span>) |
|---|
| 994 | dp/dz = 0 should |
|---|
| 995 | be used, which leaves the vertical component w unchanged when the |
|---|
| 996 | pressure solver is applied. Simultaneous use of the Neumann boundary |
|---|
| 997 | conditions both at the bottom and at the top boundary (<a href="#bc_p_t">bc_p_t</a>) |
|---|
| 998 | usually yields no consistent solution for the perturbation pressure and |
|---|
| 999 | should be avoided.</p> |
|---|
| 1000 | |
|---|
| 1001 | |
|---|
| 1002 | |
|---|
| 1003 | |
|---|
| 1004 | |
|---|
| 1005 | |
|---|
| 1006 | </td> |
|---|
| 1007 | |
|---|
| 1008 | |
|---|
| 1009 | |
|---|
| 1010 | |
|---|
| 1011 | |
|---|
| 1012 | |
|---|
| 1013 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1014 | |
|---|
| 1015 | |
|---|
| 1016 | |
|---|
| 1017 | |
|---|
| 1018 | |
|---|
| 1019 | |
|---|
| 1020 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1021 | |
|---|
| 1022 | |
|---|
| 1023 | |
|---|
| 1024 | |
|---|
| 1025 | |
|---|
| 1026 | |
|---|
| 1027 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1028 | |
|---|
| 1029 | |
|---|
| 1030 | |
|---|
| 1031 | |
|---|
| 1032 | |
|---|
| 1033 | |
|---|
| 1034 | <p><a name="bc_p_t"></a><b>bc_p_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 1035 | |
|---|
| 1036 | |
|---|
| 1037 | |
|---|
| 1038 | |
|---|
| 1039 | |
|---|
| 1040 | |
|---|
| 1041 | |
|---|
| 1042 | </td> |
|---|
| 1043 | |
|---|
| 1044 | |
|---|
| 1045 | |
|---|
| 1046 | |
|---|
| 1047 | |
|---|
| 1048 | |
|---|
| 1049 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1050 | |
|---|
| 1051 | |
|---|
| 1052 | |
|---|
| 1053 | |
|---|
| 1054 | |
|---|
| 1055 | |
|---|
| 1056 | |
|---|
| 1057 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1058 | |
|---|
| 1059 | |
|---|
| 1060 | |
|---|
| 1061 | |
|---|
| 1062 | |
|---|
| 1063 | |
|---|
| 1064 | |
|---|
| 1065 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1066 | |
|---|
| 1067 | |
|---|
| 1068 | |
|---|
| 1069 | |
|---|
| 1070 | |
|---|
| 1071 | |
|---|
| 1072 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1073 | perturbation pressure. </p> |
|---|
| 1074 | |
|---|
| 1075 | |
|---|
| 1076 | |
|---|
| 1077 | |
|---|
| 1078 | |
|---|
| 1079 | |
|---|
| 1080 | |
|---|
| 1081 | |
|---|
| 1082 | |
|---|
| 1083 | |
|---|
| 1084 | |
|---|
| 1085 | |
|---|
| 1086 | |
|---|
| 1087 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1088 | (p(k=nz+1)= 0.0) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1089 | (p(k=nz+1)=p(k=nz)). </p> |
|---|
| 1090 | |
|---|
| 1091 | |
|---|
| 1092 | |
|---|
| 1093 | |
|---|
| 1094 | |
|---|
| 1095 | |
|---|
| 1096 | |
|---|
| 1097 | |
|---|
| 1098 | |
|---|
| 1099 | |
|---|
| 1100 | |
|---|
| 1101 | |
|---|
| 1102 | |
|---|
| 1103 | <p>Simultaneous use |
|---|
| 1104 | of Neumann boundary conditions both at the |
|---|
| 1105 | top and bottom boundary (<a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a>) |
|---|
| 1106 | usually yields no consistent solution for the perturbation pressure and |
|---|
| 1107 | should be avoided. Since at the bottom boundary the Neumann |
|---|
| 1108 | condition is a good choice (see <a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a>), |
|---|
| 1109 | a Dirichlet condition should be set at the top boundary.</p> |
|---|
| 1110 | |
|---|
| 1111 | |
|---|
| 1112 | |
|---|
| 1113 | |
|---|
| 1114 | |
|---|
| 1115 | |
|---|
| 1116 | </td> |
|---|
| 1117 | |
|---|
| 1118 | |
|---|
| 1119 | |
|---|
| 1120 | |
|---|
| 1121 | |
|---|
| 1122 | |
|---|
| 1123 | |
|---|
| 1124 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1125 | |
|---|
| 1126 | |
|---|
| 1127 | |
|---|
| 1128 | |
|---|
| 1129 | |
|---|
| 1130 | |
|---|
| 1131 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1132 | |
|---|
| 1133 | |
|---|
| 1134 | |
|---|
| 1135 | |
|---|
| 1136 | |
|---|
| 1137 | |
|---|
| 1138 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1139 | |
|---|
| 1140 | |
|---|
| 1141 | |
|---|
| 1142 | |
|---|
| 1143 | |
|---|
| 1144 | |
|---|
| 1145 | <p><a name="bc_pt_b"></a><b>bc_pt_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 1146 | |
|---|
| 1147 | |
|---|
| 1148 | |
|---|
| 1149 | |
|---|
| 1150 | |
|---|
| 1151 | |
|---|
| 1152 | |
|---|
| 1153 | </td> |
|---|
| 1154 | |
|---|
| 1155 | |
|---|
| 1156 | |
|---|
| 1157 | |
|---|
| 1158 | |
|---|
| 1159 | |
|---|
| 1160 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20</td> |
|---|
| 1161 | |
|---|
| 1162 | |
|---|
| 1163 | |
|---|
| 1164 | |
|---|
| 1165 | |
|---|
| 1166 | |
|---|
| 1167 | |
|---|
| 1168 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1169 | |
|---|
| 1170 | |
|---|
| 1171 | |
|---|
| 1172 | |
|---|
| 1173 | |
|---|
| 1174 | |
|---|
| 1175 | |
|---|
| 1176 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1177 | |
|---|
| 1178 | |
|---|
| 1179 | |
|---|
| 1180 | |
|---|
| 1181 | |
|---|
| 1182 | |
|---|
| 1183 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1184 | potential temperature. </p> |
|---|
| 1185 | |
|---|
| 1186 | |
|---|
| 1187 | |
|---|
| 1188 | |
|---|
| 1189 | |
|---|
| 1190 | |
|---|
| 1191 | |
|---|
| 1192 | |
|---|
| 1193 | |
|---|
| 1194 | |
|---|
| 1195 | |
|---|
| 1196 | |
|---|
| 1197 | |
|---|
| 1198 | <p>Allowed values |
|---|
| 1199 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1200 | (pt(k=0) = const. = <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a> |
|---|
| 1201 | + <a href="#pt_surface_initial_change">pt_surface_initial_change</a>; |
|---|
| 1202 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
|---|
| 1203 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1204 | (pt(k=0)=pt(k=1)). <br> |
|---|
| 1205 | |
|---|
| 1206 | |
|---|
| 1207 | |
|---|
| 1208 | |
|---|
| 1209 | |
|---|
| 1210 | |
|---|
| 1211 | |
|---|
| 1212 | When a constant surface sensible heat flux is used (<a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>), <b>bc_pt_b</b> |
|---|
| 1213 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1214 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 1215 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 1216 | |
|---|
| 1217 | |
|---|
| 1218 | |
|---|
| 1219 | |
|---|
| 1220 | |
|---|
| 1221 | |
|---|
| 1222 | |
|---|
| 1223 | |
|---|
| 1224 | |
|---|
| 1225 | |
|---|
| 1226 | |
|---|
| 1227 | |
|---|
| 1228 | <p>In the <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> atmosphere executable, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a> is internally set and does not need to be prescribed.</p> |
|---|
| 1229 | |
|---|
| 1230 | |
|---|
| 1231 | |
|---|
| 1232 | |
|---|
| 1233 | |
|---|
| 1234 | |
|---|
| 1235 | |
|---|
| 1236 | </td> |
|---|
| 1237 | |
|---|
| 1238 | |
|---|
| 1239 | |
|---|
| 1240 | |
|---|
| 1241 | |
|---|
| 1242 | |
|---|
| 1243 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1244 | |
|---|
| 1245 | |
|---|
| 1246 | |
|---|
| 1247 | |
|---|
| 1248 | |
|---|
| 1249 | |
|---|
| 1250 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1251 | |
|---|
| 1252 | |
|---|
| 1253 | |
|---|
| 1254 | |
|---|
| 1255 | |
|---|
| 1256 | |
|---|
| 1257 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1258 | |
|---|
| 1259 | |
|---|
| 1260 | |
|---|
| 1261 | |
|---|
| 1262 | |
|---|
| 1263 | |
|---|
| 1264 | <p><a name="pc_pt_t"></a><b>bc_pt_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 1265 | |
|---|
| 1266 | |
|---|
| 1267 | |
|---|
| 1268 | |
|---|
| 1269 | |
|---|
| 1270 | |
|---|
| 1271 | |
|---|
| 1272 | </td> |
|---|
| 1273 | |
|---|
| 1274 | |
|---|
| 1275 | |
|---|
| 1276 | |
|---|
| 1277 | |
|---|
| 1278 | |
|---|
| 1279 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1280 | |
|---|
| 1281 | |
|---|
| 1282 | |
|---|
| 1283 | |
|---|
| 1284 | |
|---|
| 1285 | |
|---|
| 1286 | |
|---|
| 1287 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_ gradient'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1288 | |
|---|
| 1289 | |
|---|
| 1290 | |
|---|
| 1291 | |
|---|
| 1292 | |
|---|
| 1293 | |
|---|
| 1294 | |
|---|
| 1295 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1296 | |
|---|
| 1297 | |
|---|
| 1298 | |
|---|
| 1299 | |
|---|
| 1300 | |
|---|
| 1301 | |
|---|
| 1302 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1303 | potential temperature. </p> |
|---|
| 1304 | |
|---|
| 1305 | |
|---|
| 1306 | |
|---|
| 1307 | |
|---|
| 1308 | |
|---|
| 1309 | |
|---|
| 1310 | |
|---|
| 1311 | |
|---|
| 1312 | |
|---|
| 1313 | |
|---|
| 1314 | |
|---|
| 1315 | |
|---|
| 1316 | |
|---|
| 1317 | <p>Allowed are the |
|---|
| 1318 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>(pt(k=nz+1) |
|---|
| 1319 | does not change during the run), <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1320 | (pt(k=nz+1)=pt(k=nz)), and <span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_gradient'</span>. |
|---|
| 1321 | With the 'initial_gradient'-condition the value of the temperature |
|---|
| 1322 | gradient at the top is |
|---|
| 1323 | calculated from the initial |
|---|
| 1324 | temperature profile (see <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 1325 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>) |
|---|
| 1326 | by bc_pt_t_val = (pt_init(k=nz+1) - |
|---|
| 1327 | pt_init(k=nz)) / dzu(nz+1).<br> |
|---|
| 1328 | |
|---|
| 1329 | |
|---|
| 1330 | |
|---|
| 1331 | |
|---|
| 1332 | |
|---|
| 1333 | |
|---|
| 1334 | |
|---|
| 1335 | Using this value (assumed constant during the |
|---|
| 1336 | run) the temperature boundary values are calculated as </p> |
|---|
| 1337 | |
|---|
| 1338 | |
|---|
| 1339 | |
|---|
| 1340 | |
|---|
| 1341 | |
|---|
| 1342 | |
|---|
| 1343 | |
|---|
| 1344 | |
|---|
| 1345 | |
|---|
| 1346 | |
|---|
| 1347 | |
|---|
| 1348 | |
|---|
| 1349 | |
|---|
| 1350 | <ul> |
|---|
| 1351 | |
|---|
| 1352 | |
|---|
| 1353 | |
|---|
| 1354 | |
|---|
| 1355 | |
|---|
| 1356 | |
|---|
| 1357 | |
|---|
| 1358 | |
|---|
| 1359 | |
|---|
| 1360 | |
|---|
| 1361 | |
|---|
| 1362 | |
|---|
| 1363 | |
|---|
| 1364 | <p style="font-style: normal;">pt(k=nz+1) = |
|---|
| 1365 | pt(k=nz) + |
|---|
| 1366 | bc_pt_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
|---|
| 1367 | |
|---|
| 1368 | |
|---|
| 1369 | |
|---|
| 1370 | |
|---|
| 1371 | |
|---|
| 1372 | |
|---|
| 1373 | |
|---|
| 1374 | |
|---|
| 1375 | |
|---|
| 1376 | |
|---|
| 1377 | |
|---|
| 1378 | |
|---|
| 1379 | |
|---|
| 1380 | </ul> |
|---|
| 1381 | |
|---|
| 1382 | |
|---|
| 1383 | |
|---|
| 1384 | |
|---|
| 1385 | |
|---|
| 1386 | |
|---|
| 1387 | |
|---|
| 1388 | |
|---|
| 1389 | |
|---|
| 1390 | |
|---|
| 1391 | |
|---|
| 1392 | |
|---|
| 1393 | |
|---|
| 1394 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic |
|---|
| 1395 | equation for the temperature is solved).<br> |
|---|
| 1396 | |
|---|
| 1397 | |
|---|
| 1398 | |
|---|
| 1399 | |
|---|
| 1400 | |
|---|
| 1401 | |
|---|
| 1402 | |
|---|
| 1403 | When a constant sensible heat flux is used at the top boundary (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>), |
|---|
| 1404 | <b>bc_pt_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1405 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 1406 | the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 1407 | |
|---|
| 1408 | |
|---|
| 1409 | |
|---|
| 1410 | |
|---|
| 1411 | |
|---|
| 1412 | |
|---|
| 1413 | </td> |
|---|
| 1414 | |
|---|
| 1415 | |
|---|
| 1416 | |
|---|
| 1417 | |
|---|
| 1418 | |
|---|
| 1419 | |
|---|
| 1420 | |
|---|
| 1421 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1422 | |
|---|
| 1423 | |
|---|
| 1424 | |
|---|
| 1425 | |
|---|
| 1426 | |
|---|
| 1427 | |
|---|
| 1428 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1429 | |
|---|
| 1430 | |
|---|
| 1431 | |
|---|
| 1432 | |
|---|
| 1433 | |
|---|
| 1434 | |
|---|
| 1435 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1436 | |
|---|
| 1437 | |
|---|
| 1438 | |
|---|
| 1439 | |
|---|
| 1440 | |
|---|
| 1441 | |
|---|
| 1442 | <p><a name="bc_q_b"></a><b>bc_q_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 1443 | |
|---|
| 1444 | |
|---|
| 1445 | |
|---|
| 1446 | |
|---|
| 1447 | |
|---|
| 1448 | |
|---|
| 1449 | |
|---|
| 1450 | </td> |
|---|
| 1451 | |
|---|
| 1452 | |
|---|
| 1453 | |
|---|
| 1454 | |
|---|
| 1455 | |
|---|
| 1456 | |
|---|
| 1457 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1458 | |
|---|
| 1459 | |
|---|
| 1460 | |
|---|
| 1461 | |
|---|
| 1462 | |
|---|
| 1463 | |
|---|
| 1464 | |
|---|
| 1465 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1466 | |
|---|
| 1467 | |
|---|
| 1468 | |
|---|
| 1469 | |
|---|
| 1470 | |
|---|
| 1471 | |
|---|
| 1472 | |
|---|
| 1473 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1474 | |
|---|
| 1475 | |
|---|
| 1476 | |
|---|
| 1477 | |
|---|
| 1478 | |
|---|
| 1479 | |
|---|
| 1480 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1481 | specific humidity / total water content. </p> |
|---|
| 1482 | |
|---|
| 1483 | |
|---|
| 1484 | |
|---|
| 1485 | |
|---|
| 1486 | |
|---|
| 1487 | |
|---|
| 1488 | |
|---|
| 1489 | |
|---|
| 1490 | |
|---|
| 1491 | |
|---|
| 1492 | |
|---|
| 1493 | |
|---|
| 1494 | |
|---|
| 1495 | <p>Allowed |
|---|
| 1496 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1497 | (q(k=0) = const. = <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a> |
|---|
| 1498 | + <a href="#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a>; |
|---|
| 1499 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
|---|
| 1500 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1501 | (q(k=0)=q(k=1)). <br> |
|---|
| 1502 | |
|---|
| 1503 | |
|---|
| 1504 | |
|---|
| 1505 | |
|---|
| 1506 | |
|---|
| 1507 | |
|---|
| 1508 | |
|---|
| 1509 | When a constant surface latent heat flux is used (<a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>), <b>bc_q_b</b> |
|---|
| 1510 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1511 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 1512 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 1513 | |
|---|
| 1514 | |
|---|
| 1515 | |
|---|
| 1516 | |
|---|
| 1517 | |
|---|
| 1518 | |
|---|
| 1519 | |
|---|
| 1520 | </td> |
|---|
| 1521 | |
|---|
| 1522 | |
|---|
| 1523 | |
|---|
| 1524 | |
|---|
| 1525 | |
|---|
| 1526 | |
|---|
| 1527 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1528 | |
|---|
| 1529 | |
|---|
| 1530 | |
|---|
| 1531 | |
|---|
| 1532 | |
|---|
| 1533 | |
|---|
| 1534 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1535 | |
|---|
| 1536 | |
|---|
| 1537 | |
|---|
| 1538 | |
|---|
| 1539 | |
|---|
| 1540 | |
|---|
| 1541 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1542 | |
|---|
| 1543 | |
|---|
| 1544 | |
|---|
| 1545 | |
|---|
| 1546 | |
|---|
| 1547 | |
|---|
| 1548 | <p><a name="bc_q_t"></a><b>bc_q_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 1549 | |
|---|
| 1550 | |
|---|
| 1551 | |
|---|
| 1552 | |
|---|
| 1553 | |
|---|
| 1554 | |
|---|
| 1555 | |
|---|
| 1556 | </td> |
|---|
| 1557 | |
|---|
| 1558 | |
|---|
| 1559 | |
|---|
| 1560 | |
|---|
| 1561 | |
|---|
| 1562 | |
|---|
| 1563 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">C |
|---|
| 1564 | * 20</span></td> |
|---|
| 1565 | |
|---|
| 1566 | |
|---|
| 1567 | |
|---|
| 1568 | |
|---|
| 1569 | |
|---|
| 1570 | |
|---|
| 1571 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1572 | |
|---|
| 1573 | |
|---|
| 1574 | |
|---|
| 1575 | |
|---|
| 1576 | |
|---|
| 1577 | |
|---|
| 1578 | |
|---|
| 1579 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1580 | |
|---|
| 1581 | |
|---|
| 1582 | |
|---|
| 1583 | |
|---|
| 1584 | |
|---|
| 1585 | |
|---|
| 1586 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1587 | specific humidity / total water content. </p> |
|---|
| 1588 | |
|---|
| 1589 | |
|---|
| 1590 | |
|---|
| 1591 | |
|---|
| 1592 | |
|---|
| 1593 | |
|---|
| 1594 | |
|---|
| 1595 | |
|---|
| 1596 | |
|---|
| 1597 | |
|---|
| 1598 | |
|---|
| 1599 | |
|---|
| 1600 | |
|---|
| 1601 | <p>Allowed |
|---|
| 1602 | are the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1603 | (q(k=nz) and q(k=nz+1) do |
|---|
| 1604 | not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
|---|
| 1605 | With the Neumann boundary |
|---|
| 1606 | condition the value of the humidity gradient at the top is calculated |
|---|
| 1607 | from the |
|---|
| 1608 | initial humidity profile (see <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 1609 | <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>) |
|---|
| 1610 | by: bc_q_t_val = ( q_init(k=nz) - q_init(k=nz-1)) / dzu(nz).<br> |
|---|
| 1611 | |
|---|
| 1612 | |
|---|
| 1613 | |
|---|
| 1614 | |
|---|
| 1615 | |
|---|
| 1616 | |
|---|
| 1617 | |
|---|
| 1618 | Using this value (assumed constant during the run) the humidity |
|---|
| 1619 | boundary values |
|---|
| 1620 | are calculated as </p> |
|---|
| 1621 | |
|---|
| 1622 | |
|---|
| 1623 | |
|---|
| 1624 | |
|---|
| 1625 | |
|---|
| 1626 | |
|---|
| 1627 | |
|---|
| 1628 | |
|---|
| 1629 | |
|---|
| 1630 | |
|---|
| 1631 | |
|---|
| 1632 | |
|---|
| 1633 | |
|---|
| 1634 | <ul> |
|---|
| 1635 | |
|---|
| 1636 | |
|---|
| 1637 | |
|---|
| 1638 | |
|---|
| 1639 | |
|---|
| 1640 | |
|---|
| 1641 | |
|---|
| 1642 | |
|---|
| 1643 | |
|---|
| 1644 | |
|---|
| 1645 | |
|---|
| 1646 | |
|---|
| 1647 | |
|---|
| 1648 | <p style="font-style: normal;">q(k=nz+1) =q(k=nz) + |
|---|
| 1649 | bc_q_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
|---|
| 1650 | |
|---|
| 1651 | |
|---|
| 1652 | |
|---|
| 1653 | |
|---|
| 1654 | |
|---|
| 1655 | |
|---|
| 1656 | |
|---|
| 1657 | |
|---|
| 1658 | |
|---|
| 1659 | |
|---|
| 1660 | |
|---|
| 1661 | |
|---|
| 1662 | |
|---|
| 1663 | </ul> |
|---|
| 1664 | |
|---|
| 1665 | |
|---|
| 1666 | |
|---|
| 1667 | |
|---|
| 1668 | |
|---|
| 1669 | |
|---|
| 1670 | |
|---|
| 1671 | |
|---|
| 1672 | |
|---|
| 1673 | |
|---|
| 1674 | |
|---|
| 1675 | |
|---|
| 1676 | |
|---|
| 1677 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up tp k=nz the prognostic |
|---|
| 1678 | equation for q is solved). </p> |
|---|
| 1679 | |
|---|
| 1680 | |
|---|
| 1681 | |
|---|
| 1682 | |
|---|
| 1683 | |
|---|
| 1684 | |
|---|
| 1685 | </td> |
|---|
| 1686 | |
|---|
| 1687 | |
|---|
| 1688 | |
|---|
| 1689 | |
|---|
| 1690 | |
|---|
| 1691 | |
|---|
| 1692 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1693 | |
|---|
| 1694 | |
|---|
| 1695 | |
|---|
| 1696 | |
|---|
| 1697 | |
|---|
| 1698 | |
|---|
| 1699 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1700 | |
|---|
| 1701 | |
|---|
| 1702 | |
|---|
| 1703 | |
|---|
| 1704 | |
|---|
| 1705 | |
|---|
| 1706 | |
|---|
| 1707 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1708 | |
|---|
| 1709 | |
|---|
| 1710 | |
|---|
| 1711 | |
|---|
| 1712 | |
|---|
| 1713 | |
|---|
| 1714 | <p><a name="bc_s_b"></a><b>bc_s_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 1715 | |
|---|
| 1716 | |
|---|
| 1717 | |
|---|
| 1718 | |
|---|
| 1719 | |
|---|
| 1720 | |
|---|
| 1721 | </td> |
|---|
| 1722 | |
|---|
| 1723 | |
|---|
| 1724 | |
|---|
| 1725 | |
|---|
| 1726 | |
|---|
| 1727 | |
|---|
| 1728 | |
|---|
| 1729 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1730 | |
|---|
| 1731 | |
|---|
| 1732 | |
|---|
| 1733 | |
|---|
| 1734 | |
|---|
| 1735 | |
|---|
| 1736 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1737 | |
|---|
| 1738 | |
|---|
| 1739 | |
|---|
| 1740 | |
|---|
| 1741 | |
|---|
| 1742 | |
|---|
| 1743 | |
|---|
| 1744 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1745 | |
|---|
| 1746 | |
|---|
| 1747 | |
|---|
| 1748 | |
|---|
| 1749 | |
|---|
| 1750 | |
|---|
| 1751 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1752 | scalar concentration. </p> |
|---|
| 1753 | |
|---|
| 1754 | |
|---|
| 1755 | |
|---|
| 1756 | |
|---|
| 1757 | |
|---|
| 1758 | |
|---|
| 1759 | |
|---|
| 1760 | |
|---|
| 1761 | |
|---|
| 1762 | |
|---|
| 1763 | |
|---|
| 1764 | |
|---|
| 1765 | |
|---|
| 1766 | <p>Allowed values |
|---|
| 1767 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1768 | (s(k=0) = const. = <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a> |
|---|
| 1769 | + <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a>; |
|---|
| 1770 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
|---|
| 1771 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1772 | (s(k=0) = |
|---|
| 1773 | s(k=1)). <br> |
|---|
| 1774 | |
|---|
| 1775 | |
|---|
| 1776 | |
|---|
| 1777 | |
|---|
| 1778 | |
|---|
| 1779 | |
|---|
| 1780 | |
|---|
| 1781 | When a constant surface concentration flux is used (<a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>), <b>bc_s_b</b> |
|---|
| 1782 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1783 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 1784 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 1785 | |
|---|
| 1786 | |
|---|
| 1787 | |
|---|
| 1788 | |
|---|
| 1789 | |
|---|
| 1790 | |
|---|
| 1791 | |
|---|
| 1792 | </td> |
|---|
| 1793 | |
|---|
| 1794 | |
|---|
| 1795 | |
|---|
| 1796 | |
|---|
| 1797 | |
|---|
| 1798 | |
|---|
| 1799 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1800 | |
|---|
| 1801 | |
|---|
| 1802 | |
|---|
| 1803 | |
|---|
| 1804 | |
|---|
| 1805 | |
|---|
| 1806 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1807 | |
|---|
| 1808 | |
|---|
| 1809 | |
|---|
| 1810 | |
|---|
| 1811 | |
|---|
| 1812 | |
|---|
| 1813 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1814 | |
|---|
| 1815 | |
|---|
| 1816 | |
|---|
| 1817 | |
|---|
| 1818 | |
|---|
| 1819 | |
|---|
| 1820 | <p><a name="bc_s_t"></a><b>bc_s_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 1821 | |
|---|
| 1822 | |
|---|
| 1823 | |
|---|
| 1824 | |
|---|
| 1825 | |
|---|
| 1826 | |
|---|
| 1827 | |
|---|
| 1828 | </td> |
|---|
| 1829 | |
|---|
| 1830 | |
|---|
| 1831 | |
|---|
| 1832 | |
|---|
| 1833 | |
|---|
| 1834 | |
|---|
| 1835 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1836 | |
|---|
| 1837 | |
|---|
| 1838 | |
|---|
| 1839 | |
|---|
| 1840 | |
|---|
| 1841 | |
|---|
| 1842 | |
|---|
| 1843 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1844 | |
|---|
| 1845 | |
|---|
| 1846 | |
|---|
| 1847 | |
|---|
| 1848 | |
|---|
| 1849 | |
|---|
| 1850 | |
|---|
| 1851 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1852 | |
|---|
| 1853 | |
|---|
| 1854 | |
|---|
| 1855 | |
|---|
| 1856 | |
|---|
| 1857 | |
|---|
| 1858 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1859 | scalar concentration. </p> |
|---|
| 1860 | |
|---|
| 1861 | |
|---|
| 1862 | |
|---|
| 1863 | |
|---|
| 1864 | |
|---|
| 1865 | |
|---|
| 1866 | |
|---|
| 1867 | |
|---|
| 1868 | |
|---|
| 1869 | |
|---|
| 1870 | |
|---|
| 1871 | |
|---|
| 1872 | |
|---|
| 1873 | <p>Allowed are the |
|---|
| 1874 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1875 | (s(k=nz) and s(k=nz+1) do |
|---|
| 1876 | not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
|---|
| 1877 | With the Neumann boundary |
|---|
| 1878 | condition the value of the scalar concentration gradient at the top is |
|---|
| 1879 | calculated |
|---|
| 1880 | from the initial scalar concentration profile (see <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>, <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a>) |
|---|
| 1881 | by: bc_s_t_val = (s_init(k=nz) - s_init(k=nz-1)) / dzu(nz).<br> |
|---|
| 1882 | |
|---|
| 1883 | |
|---|
| 1884 | |
|---|
| 1885 | |
|---|
| 1886 | |
|---|
| 1887 | |
|---|
| 1888 | |
|---|
| 1889 | Using this value (assumed constant during the run) the concentration |
|---|
| 1890 | boundary values |
|---|
| 1891 | are calculated as </p> |
|---|
| 1892 | |
|---|
| 1893 | |
|---|
| 1894 | |
|---|
| 1895 | |
|---|
| 1896 | |
|---|
| 1897 | |
|---|
| 1898 | |
|---|
| 1899 | |
|---|
| 1900 | |
|---|
| 1901 | |
|---|
| 1902 | |
|---|
| 1903 | |
|---|
| 1904 | |
|---|
| 1905 | <ul> |
|---|
| 1906 | |
|---|
| 1907 | |
|---|
| 1908 | |
|---|
| 1909 | |
|---|
| 1910 | |
|---|
| 1911 | |
|---|
| 1912 | |
|---|
| 1913 | |
|---|
| 1914 | |
|---|
| 1915 | |
|---|
| 1916 | |
|---|
| 1917 | |
|---|
| 1918 | |
|---|
| 1919 | <p style="font-style: normal;">s(k=nz+1) = s(k=nz) + |
|---|
| 1920 | bc_s_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
|---|
| 1921 | |
|---|
| 1922 | |
|---|
| 1923 | |
|---|
| 1924 | |
|---|
| 1925 | |
|---|
| 1926 | |
|---|
| 1927 | |
|---|
| 1928 | |
|---|
| 1929 | |
|---|
| 1930 | |
|---|
| 1931 | |
|---|
| 1932 | |
|---|
| 1933 | |
|---|
| 1934 | </ul> |
|---|
| 1935 | |
|---|
| 1936 | |
|---|
| 1937 | |
|---|
| 1938 | |
|---|
| 1939 | |
|---|
| 1940 | |
|---|
| 1941 | |
|---|
| 1942 | |
|---|
| 1943 | |
|---|
| 1944 | |
|---|
| 1945 | |
|---|
| 1946 | |
|---|
| 1947 | |
|---|
| 1948 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic |
|---|
| 1949 | equation for the scalar concentration is |
|---|
| 1950 | solved).</p> |
|---|
| 1951 | |
|---|
| 1952 | |
|---|
| 1953 | |
|---|
| 1954 | |
|---|
| 1955 | |
|---|
| 1956 | |
|---|
| 1957 | </td> |
|---|
| 1958 | |
|---|
| 1959 | |
|---|
| 1960 | |
|---|
| 1961 | |
|---|
| 1962 | |
|---|
| 1963 | |
|---|
| 1964 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1965 | |
|---|
| 1966 | |
|---|
| 1967 | |
|---|
| 1968 | |
|---|
| 1969 | |
|---|
| 1970 | |
|---|
| 1971 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1972 | |
|---|
| 1973 | |
|---|
| 1974 | |
|---|
| 1975 | |
|---|
| 1976 | |
|---|
| 1977 | |
|---|
| 1978 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bc_sa_t"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_sa_t</span></td> |
|---|
| 1979 | |
|---|
| 1980 | |
|---|
| 1981 | |
|---|
| 1982 | |
|---|
| 1983 | |
|---|
| 1984 | |
|---|
| 1985 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1986 | |
|---|
| 1987 | |
|---|
| 1988 | |
|---|
| 1989 | |
|---|
| 1990 | |
|---|
| 1991 | |
|---|
| 1992 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1993 | |
|---|
| 1994 | |
|---|
| 1995 | |
|---|
| 1996 | |
|---|
| 1997 | |
|---|
| 1998 | |
|---|
| 1999 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2000 | |
|---|
| 2001 | |
|---|
| 2002 | |
|---|
| 2003 | |
|---|
| 2004 | |
|---|
| 2005 | |
|---|
| 2006 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the salinity. </p> |
|---|
| 2007 | |
|---|
| 2008 | |
|---|
| 2009 | |
|---|
| 2010 | |
|---|
| 2011 | |
|---|
| 2012 | |
|---|
| 2013 | |
|---|
| 2014 | |
|---|
| 2015 | |
|---|
| 2016 | |
|---|
| 2017 | |
|---|
| 2018 | |
|---|
| 2019 | |
|---|
| 2020 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 2021 | |
|---|
| 2022 | |
|---|
| 2023 | |
|---|
| 2024 | |
|---|
| 2025 | |
|---|
| 2026 | |
|---|
| 2027 | |
|---|
| 2028 | |
|---|
| 2029 | |
|---|
| 2030 | |
|---|
| 2031 | |
|---|
| 2032 | |
|---|
| 2033 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed are the |
|---|
| 2034 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>(sa(k=nz+1) |
|---|
| 2035 | does not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 2036 | (sa(k=nz+1)=sa(k=nz))<span style="font-style: italic;"></span>. <br> |
|---|
| 2037 | |
|---|
| 2038 | |
|---|
| 2039 | |
|---|
| 2040 | |
|---|
| 2041 | |
|---|
| 2042 | |
|---|
| 2043 | <br> |
|---|
| 2044 | |
|---|
| 2045 | |
|---|
| 2046 | |
|---|
| 2047 | |
|---|
| 2048 | |
|---|
| 2049 | |
|---|
| 2050 | |
|---|
| 2051 | When a constant salinity flux is used at the top boundary (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>), |
|---|
| 2052 | <b>bc_sa_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 2053 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 2054 | the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 2055 | |
|---|
| 2056 | |
|---|
| 2057 | |
|---|
| 2058 | |
|---|
| 2059 | |
|---|
| 2060 | |
|---|
| 2061 | </td> |
|---|
| 2062 | |
|---|
| 2063 | |
|---|
| 2064 | |
|---|
| 2065 | |
|---|
| 2066 | |
|---|
| 2067 | |
|---|
| 2068 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2069 | |
|---|
| 2070 | |
|---|
| 2071 | |
|---|
| 2072 | |
|---|
| 2073 | |
|---|
| 2074 | |
|---|
| 2075 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2076 | |
|---|
| 2077 | |
|---|
| 2078 | |
|---|
| 2079 | |
|---|
| 2080 | |
|---|
| 2081 | |
|---|
| 2082 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2083 | |
|---|
| 2084 | |
|---|
| 2085 | |
|---|
| 2086 | |
|---|
| 2087 | |
|---|
| 2088 | |
|---|
| 2089 | <p><a name="bc_uv_b"></a><b>bc_uv_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 2090 | |
|---|
| 2091 | |
|---|
| 2092 | |
|---|
| 2093 | |
|---|
| 2094 | |
|---|
| 2095 | |
|---|
| 2096 | |
|---|
| 2097 | </td> |
|---|
| 2098 | |
|---|
| 2099 | |
|---|
| 2100 | |
|---|
| 2101 | |
|---|
| 2102 | |
|---|
| 2103 | |
|---|
| 2104 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 2105 | |
|---|
| 2106 | |
|---|
| 2107 | |
|---|
| 2108 | |
|---|
| 2109 | |
|---|
| 2110 | |
|---|
| 2111 | |
|---|
| 2112 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 2113 | |
|---|
| 2114 | |
|---|
| 2115 | |
|---|
| 2116 | |
|---|
| 2117 | |
|---|
| 2118 | |
|---|
| 2119 | |
|---|
| 2120 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2121 | |
|---|
| 2122 | |
|---|
| 2123 | |
|---|
| 2124 | |
|---|
| 2125 | |
|---|
| 2126 | |
|---|
| 2127 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 2128 | horizontal velocity components u and v. </p> |
|---|
| 2129 | |
|---|
| 2130 | |
|---|
| 2131 | |
|---|
| 2132 | |
|---|
| 2133 | |
|---|
| 2134 | |
|---|
| 2135 | |
|---|
| 2136 | |
|---|
| 2137 | |
|---|
| 2138 | |
|---|
| 2139 | |
|---|
| 2140 | |
|---|
| 2141 | |
|---|
| 2142 | <p>Allowed |
|---|
| 2143 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>and |
|---|
| 2144 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. <b>bc_uv_b</b> |
|---|
| 2145 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 2146 | yields the |
|---|
| 2147 | no-slip condition with u=v=0 at the bottom. Due to the staggered grid |
|---|
| 2148 | u(k=0) and v(k=0) are located at z = - 0,5 * <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
|---|
| 2149 | (below the bottom), while u(k=1) and v(k=1) are located at z = +0,5 * |
|---|
| 2150 | dz. u=v=0 at the bottom is guaranteed using mirror boundary |
|---|
| 2151 | condition: </p> |
|---|
| 2152 | |
|---|
| 2153 | |
|---|
| 2154 | |
|---|
| 2155 | |
|---|
| 2156 | |
|---|
| 2157 | |
|---|
| 2158 | |
|---|
| 2159 | |
|---|
| 2160 | |
|---|
| 2161 | |
|---|
| 2162 | |
|---|
| 2163 | |
|---|
| 2164 | |
|---|
| 2165 | <ul> |
|---|
| 2166 | |
|---|
| 2167 | |
|---|
| 2168 | |
|---|
| 2169 | |
|---|
| 2170 | |
|---|
| 2171 | |
|---|
| 2172 | |
|---|
| 2173 | |
|---|
| 2174 | |
|---|
| 2175 | |
|---|
| 2176 | |
|---|
| 2177 | |
|---|
| 2178 | |
|---|
| 2179 | <p style="font-style: normal;">u(k=0) = - u(k=1) and v(k=0) = - |
|---|
| 2180 | v(k=1)</p> |
|---|
| 2181 | |
|---|
| 2182 | |
|---|
| 2183 | |
|---|
| 2184 | |
|---|
| 2185 | |
|---|
| 2186 | |
|---|
| 2187 | |
|---|
| 2188 | |
|---|
| 2189 | |
|---|
| 2190 | |
|---|
| 2191 | |
|---|
| 2192 | |
|---|
| 2193 | |
|---|
| 2194 | </ul> |
|---|
| 2195 | |
|---|
| 2196 | |
|---|
| 2197 | |
|---|
| 2198 | |
|---|
| 2199 | |
|---|
| 2200 | |
|---|
| 2201 | |
|---|
| 2202 | |
|---|
| 2203 | |
|---|
| 2204 | |
|---|
| 2205 | |
|---|
| 2206 | |
|---|
| 2207 | |
|---|
| 2208 | <p style="font-style: normal;">The |
|---|
| 2209 | Neumann boundary condition |
|---|
| 2210 | yields the free-slip condition with u(k=0) = u(k=1) and v(k=0) = |
|---|
| 2211 | v(k=1). |
|---|
| 2212 | With Prandtl - layer switched on, the free-slip condition is not |
|---|
| 2213 | allowed (otherwise the run will be terminated)<font color="#000000">.</font></p> |
|---|
| 2214 | |
|---|
| 2215 | |
|---|
| 2216 | |
|---|
| 2217 | |
|---|
| 2218 | |
|---|
| 2219 | |
|---|
| 2220 | |
|---|
| 2221 | </td> |
|---|
| 2222 | |
|---|
| 2223 | |
|---|
| 2224 | |
|---|
| 2225 | |
|---|
| 2226 | |
|---|
| 2227 | |
|---|
| 2228 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2229 | |
|---|
| 2230 | |
|---|
| 2231 | |
|---|
| 2232 | |
|---|
| 2233 | |
|---|
| 2234 | |
|---|
| 2235 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2236 | |
|---|
| 2237 | |
|---|
| 2238 | |
|---|
| 2239 | |
|---|
| 2240 | |
|---|
| 2241 | |
|---|
| 2242 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2243 | |
|---|
| 2244 | |
|---|
| 2245 | |
|---|
| 2246 | |
|---|
| 2247 | |
|---|
| 2248 | |
|---|
| 2249 | <p><a name="bc_uv_t"></a><b>bc_uv_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 2250 | |
|---|
| 2251 | |
|---|
| 2252 | |
|---|
| 2253 | |
|---|
| 2254 | |
|---|
| 2255 | |
|---|
| 2256 | |
|---|
| 2257 | </td> |
|---|
| 2258 | |
|---|
| 2259 | |
|---|
| 2260 | |
|---|
| 2261 | |
|---|
| 2262 | |
|---|
| 2263 | |
|---|
| 2264 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 2265 | |
|---|
| 2266 | |
|---|
| 2267 | |
|---|
| 2268 | |
|---|
| 2269 | |
|---|
| 2270 | |
|---|
| 2271 | |
|---|
| 2272 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 2273 | |
|---|
| 2274 | |
|---|
| 2275 | |
|---|
| 2276 | |
|---|
| 2277 | |
|---|
| 2278 | |
|---|
| 2279 | |
|---|
| 2280 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2281 | |
|---|
| 2282 | |
|---|
| 2283 | |
|---|
| 2284 | |
|---|
| 2285 | |
|---|
| 2286 | |
|---|
| 2287 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 2288 | horizontal velocity components u and v. </p> |
|---|
| 2289 | |
|---|
| 2290 | |
|---|
| 2291 | |
|---|
| 2292 | |
|---|
| 2293 | |
|---|
| 2294 | |
|---|
| 2295 | |
|---|
| 2296 | |
|---|
| 2297 | |
|---|
| 2298 | |
|---|
| 2299 | |
|---|
| 2300 | |
|---|
| 2301 | |
|---|
| 2302 | <p>Allowed |
|---|
| 2303 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet_0'</span> |
|---|
| 2304 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
|---|
| 2305 | The |
|---|
| 2306 | Dirichlet condition yields u(k=nz+1) = ug(nz+1) and v(k=nz+1) = |
|---|
| 2307 | vg(nz+1), |
|---|
| 2308 | Neumann condition yields the free-slip condition with u(k=nz+1) = |
|---|
| 2309 | u(k=nz) and v(k=nz+1) = v(k=nz) (up to k=nz the prognostic equations |
|---|
| 2310 | for the velocities are solved). The special condition <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet_0'</span> can be used for channel flow, it yields the no-slip condition u(k=nz+1) = ug(nz+1) = 0 and v(k=nz+1) = |
|---|
| 2311 | vg(nz+1) = 0.</p> |
|---|
| 2312 | |
|---|
| 2313 | |
|---|
| 2314 | |
|---|
| 2315 | |
|---|
| 2316 | |
|---|
| 2317 | |
|---|
| 2318 | |
|---|
| 2319 | |
|---|
| 2320 | |
|---|
| 2321 | |
|---|
| 2322 | |
|---|
| 2323 | |
|---|
| 2324 | <p>In the <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean executable, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a> is internally set ('neumann') and does not need to be prescribed.</p> |
|---|
| 2325 | |
|---|
| 2326 | |
|---|
| 2327 | |
|---|
| 2328 | |
|---|
| 2329 | |
|---|
| 2330 | |
|---|
| 2331 | </td> |
|---|
| 2332 | |
|---|
| 2333 | |
|---|
| 2334 | |
|---|
| 2335 | |
|---|
| 2336 | |
|---|
| 2337 | |
|---|
| 2338 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2339 | |
|---|
| 2340 | |
|---|
| 2341 | |
|---|
| 2342 | |
|---|
| 2343 | |
|---|
| 2344 | |
|---|
| 2345 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2346 | |
|---|
| 2347 | |
|---|
| 2348 | |
|---|
| 2349 | |
|---|
| 2350 | |
|---|
| 2351 | |
|---|
| 2352 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bottom_salinityflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bottom_salinityflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 2353 | |
|---|
| 2354 | |
|---|
| 2355 | |
|---|
| 2356 | |
|---|
| 2357 | |
|---|
| 2358 | |
|---|
| 2359 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2360 | |
|---|
| 2361 | |
|---|
| 2362 | |
|---|
| 2363 | |
|---|
| 2364 | |
|---|
| 2365 | |
|---|
| 2366 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 2367 | |
|---|
| 2368 | |
|---|
| 2369 | |
|---|
| 2370 | |
|---|
| 2371 | |
|---|
| 2372 | |
|---|
| 2373 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2374 | |
|---|
| 2375 | |
|---|
| 2376 | |
|---|
| 2377 | |
|---|
| 2378 | |
|---|
| 2379 | |
|---|
| 2380 | <p>Kinematic salinity flux near the surface (in psu m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 2381 | |
|---|
| 2382 | |
|---|
| 2383 | |
|---|
| 2384 | |
|---|
| 2385 | |
|---|
| 2386 | |
|---|
| 2387 | This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>). |
|---|
| 2388 | |
|---|
| 2389 | |
|---|
| 2390 | |
|---|
| 2391 | |
|---|
| 2392 | |
|---|
| 2393 | |
|---|
| 2394 | <p>The |
|---|
| 2395 | respective salinity flux value is used |
|---|
| 2396 | as bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the salinity equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
|---|
| 2397 | condition must be used for the salinity, which is currently the only available condition.<br> |
|---|
| 2398 | |
|---|
| 2399 | |
|---|
| 2400 | |
|---|
| 2401 | |
|---|
| 2402 | |
|---|
| 2403 | |
|---|
| 2404 | </p> |
|---|
| 2405 | |
|---|
| 2406 | |
|---|
| 2407 | |
|---|
| 2408 | |
|---|
| 2409 | |
|---|
| 2410 | |
|---|
| 2411 | </td> |
|---|
| 2412 | |
|---|
| 2413 | |
|---|
| 2414 | |
|---|
| 2415 | |
|---|
| 2416 | |
|---|
| 2417 | |
|---|
| 2418 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2419 | |
|---|
| 2420 | |
|---|
| 2421 | |
|---|
| 2422 | |
|---|
| 2423 | |
|---|
| 2424 | |
|---|
| 2425 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2426 | |
|---|
| 2427 | |
|---|
| 2428 | |
|---|
| 2429 | |
|---|
| 2430 | |
|---|
| 2431 | |
|---|
| 2432 | |
|---|
| 2433 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_height"></a>building_height</span></td> |
|---|
| 2434 | |
|---|
| 2435 | |
|---|
| 2436 | |
|---|
| 2437 | |
|---|
| 2438 | |
|---|
| 2439 | |
|---|
| 2440 | |
|---|
| 2441 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2442 | |
|---|
| 2443 | |
|---|
| 2444 | |
|---|
| 2445 | |
|---|
| 2446 | |
|---|
| 2447 | |
|---|
| 2448 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 2449 | |
|---|
| 2450 | |
|---|
| 2451 | |
|---|
| 2452 | |
|---|
| 2453 | |
|---|
| 2454 | |
|---|
| 2455 | <td>Height |
|---|
| 2456 | of a single building in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2457 | |
|---|
| 2458 | |
|---|
| 2459 | |
|---|
| 2460 | |
|---|
| 2461 | |
|---|
| 2462 | |
|---|
| 2463 | <br> |
|---|
| 2464 | |
|---|
| 2465 | |
|---|
| 2466 | |
|---|
| 2467 | |
|---|
| 2468 | |
|---|
| 2469 | |
|---|
| 2470 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_height</span> must |
|---|
| 2471 | be less than the height of the model domain. This parameter requires |
|---|
| 2472 | the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2473 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 2474 | |
|---|
| 2475 | |
|---|
| 2476 | |
|---|
| 2477 | |
|---|
| 2478 | |
|---|
| 2479 | |
|---|
| 2480 | |
|---|
| 2481 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2482 | |
|---|
| 2483 | |
|---|
| 2484 | |
|---|
| 2485 | |
|---|
| 2486 | |
|---|
| 2487 | |
|---|
| 2488 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2489 | |
|---|
| 2490 | |
|---|
| 2491 | |
|---|
| 2492 | |
|---|
| 2493 | |
|---|
| 2494 | |
|---|
| 2495 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_x"></a>building_length_x</span></td> |
|---|
| 2496 | |
|---|
| 2497 | |
|---|
| 2498 | |
|---|
| 2499 | |
|---|
| 2500 | |
|---|
| 2501 | |
|---|
| 2502 | |
|---|
| 2503 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2504 | |
|---|
| 2505 | |
|---|
| 2506 | |
|---|
| 2507 | |
|---|
| 2508 | |
|---|
| 2509 | |
|---|
| 2510 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 2511 | |
|---|
| 2512 | |
|---|
| 2513 | |
|---|
| 2514 | |
|---|
| 2515 | |
|---|
| 2516 | |
|---|
| 2517 | <td><span style="font-style: italic;"></span>Width of a single |
|---|
| 2518 | building in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2519 | |
|---|
| 2520 | |
|---|
| 2521 | |
|---|
| 2522 | |
|---|
| 2523 | |
|---|
| 2524 | |
|---|
| 2525 | <br> |
|---|
| 2526 | |
|---|
| 2527 | |
|---|
| 2528 | |
|---|
| 2529 | |
|---|
| 2530 | |
|---|
| 2531 | |
|---|
| 2532 | |
|---|
| 2533 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_length_x</span> |
|---|
| 2534 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
|---|
| 2535 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dx">dx</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#nx">nx</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 2536 | </span><span style="font-style: italic;">- <a href="#building_wall_left">building_wall_left</a></span>. |
|---|
| 2537 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2538 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 2539 | |
|---|
| 2540 | |
|---|
| 2541 | |
|---|
| 2542 | |
|---|
| 2543 | |
|---|
| 2544 | |
|---|
| 2545 | |
|---|
| 2546 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2547 | |
|---|
| 2548 | |
|---|
| 2549 | |
|---|
| 2550 | |
|---|
| 2551 | |
|---|
| 2552 | |
|---|
| 2553 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2554 | |
|---|
| 2555 | |
|---|
| 2556 | |
|---|
| 2557 | |
|---|
| 2558 | |
|---|
| 2559 | |
|---|
| 2560 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_y"></a>building_length_y</span></td> |
|---|
| 2561 | |
|---|
| 2562 | |
|---|
| 2563 | |
|---|
| 2564 | |
|---|
| 2565 | |
|---|
| 2566 | |
|---|
| 2567 | |
|---|
| 2568 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2569 | |
|---|
| 2570 | |
|---|
| 2571 | |
|---|
| 2572 | |
|---|
| 2573 | |
|---|
| 2574 | |
|---|
| 2575 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 2576 | |
|---|
| 2577 | |
|---|
| 2578 | |
|---|
| 2579 | |
|---|
| 2580 | |
|---|
| 2581 | |
|---|
| 2582 | <td>Depth |
|---|
| 2583 | of a single building in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2584 | |
|---|
| 2585 | |
|---|
| 2586 | |
|---|
| 2587 | |
|---|
| 2588 | |
|---|
| 2589 | |
|---|
| 2590 | <br> |
|---|
| 2591 | |
|---|
| 2592 | |
|---|
| 2593 | |
|---|
| 2594 | |
|---|
| 2595 | |
|---|
| 2596 | |
|---|
| 2597 | |
|---|
| 2598 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_length_y</span> |
|---|
| 2599 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
|---|
| 2600 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dy">dy</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#ny">ny</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="#dy">dy</a></span><span style="font-style: italic;"> - <a href="#building_wall_south">building_wall_south</a></span>. This parameter requires |
|---|
| 2601 | the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2602 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 2603 | |
|---|
| 2604 | |
|---|
| 2605 | |
|---|
| 2606 | |
|---|
| 2607 | |
|---|
| 2608 | |
|---|
| 2609 | |
|---|
| 2610 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2611 | |
|---|
| 2612 | |
|---|
| 2613 | |
|---|
| 2614 | |
|---|
| 2615 | |
|---|
| 2616 | |
|---|
| 2617 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2618 | |
|---|
| 2619 | |
|---|
| 2620 | |
|---|
| 2621 | |
|---|
| 2622 | |
|---|
| 2623 | |
|---|
| 2624 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_left"></a>building_wall_left</span></td> |
|---|
| 2625 | |
|---|
| 2626 | |
|---|
| 2627 | |
|---|
| 2628 | |
|---|
| 2629 | |
|---|
| 2630 | |
|---|
| 2631 | |
|---|
| 2632 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2633 | |
|---|
| 2634 | |
|---|
| 2635 | |
|---|
| 2636 | |
|---|
| 2637 | |
|---|
| 2638 | |
|---|
| 2639 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in x-direction</span></td> |
|---|
| 2640 | |
|---|
| 2641 | |
|---|
| 2642 | |
|---|
| 2643 | |
|---|
| 2644 | |
|---|
| 2645 | |
|---|
| 2646 | |
|---|
| 2647 | <td>x-coordinate of the left building wall (distance between the |
|---|
| 2648 | left building wall and the left border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2649 | |
|---|
| 2650 | |
|---|
| 2651 | |
|---|
| 2652 | |
|---|
| 2653 | |
|---|
| 2654 | |
|---|
| 2655 | |
|---|
| 2656 | <br> |
|---|
| 2657 | |
|---|
| 2658 | |
|---|
| 2659 | |
|---|
| 2660 | |
|---|
| 2661 | |
|---|
| 2662 | |
|---|
| 2663 | |
|---|
| 2664 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_left</span> |
|---|
| 2665 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
|---|
| 2666 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dx">dx</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="#nx">nx</a> |
|---|
| 2667 | - 1 ) * <a href="#dx">dx</a> - <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a></span>. |
|---|
| 2668 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2669 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 2670 | |
|---|
| 2671 | |
|---|
| 2672 | |
|---|
| 2673 | |
|---|
| 2674 | |
|---|
| 2675 | |
|---|
| 2676 | |
|---|
| 2677 | <br> |
|---|
| 2678 | |
|---|
| 2679 | |
|---|
| 2680 | |
|---|
| 2681 | |
|---|
| 2682 | |
|---|
| 2683 | |
|---|
| 2684 | |
|---|
| 2685 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_left</span> |
|---|
| 2686 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="#nx">nx</a> + |
|---|
| 2687 | 1 ) * <a href="#dx">dx</a> - <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a> ) / 2</span> |
|---|
| 2688 | centers the building in x-direction. <font color="#000000">Due to the staggered grid the building will be displaced by -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> in x-direction and -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> in y-direction.</font> </td> |
|---|
| 2689 | |
|---|
| 2690 | |
|---|
| 2691 | |
|---|
| 2692 | |
|---|
| 2693 | |
|---|
| 2694 | |
|---|
| 2695 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2696 | |
|---|
| 2697 | |
|---|
| 2698 | |
|---|
| 2699 | |
|---|
| 2700 | |
|---|
| 2701 | |
|---|
| 2702 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2703 | |
|---|
| 2704 | |
|---|
| 2705 | |
|---|
| 2706 | |
|---|
| 2707 | |
|---|
| 2708 | |
|---|
| 2709 | |
|---|
| 2710 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_south"></a>building_wall_south</span></td> |
|---|
| 2711 | |
|---|
| 2712 | |
|---|
| 2713 | |
|---|
| 2714 | |
|---|
| 2715 | |
|---|
| 2716 | |
|---|
| 2717 | |
|---|
| 2718 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2719 | |
|---|
| 2720 | |
|---|
| 2721 | |
|---|
| 2722 | |
|---|
| 2723 | |
|---|
| 2724 | |
|---|
| 2725 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in y-direction</span></td> |
|---|
| 2726 | |
|---|
| 2727 | |
|---|
| 2728 | |
|---|
| 2729 | |
|---|
| 2730 | |
|---|
| 2731 | |
|---|
| 2732 | |
|---|
| 2733 | <td>y-coordinate of the South building wall (distance between the |
|---|
| 2734 | South building wall and the South border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2735 | |
|---|
| 2736 | |
|---|
| 2737 | |
|---|
| 2738 | |
|---|
| 2739 | |
|---|
| 2740 | |
|---|
| 2741 | |
|---|
| 2742 | <br> |
|---|
| 2743 | |
|---|
| 2744 | |
|---|
| 2745 | |
|---|
| 2746 | |
|---|
| 2747 | |
|---|
| 2748 | |
|---|
| 2749 | |
|---|
| 2750 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_south</span> |
|---|
| 2751 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
|---|
| 2752 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dy">dy</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="#ny">ny</a> |
|---|
| 2753 | - 1 ) * <a href="#dy">dy</a> - <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a></span>. |
|---|
| 2754 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2755 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 2756 | |
|---|
| 2757 | |
|---|
| 2758 | |
|---|
| 2759 | |
|---|
| 2760 | |
|---|
| 2761 | |
|---|
| 2762 | |
|---|
| 2763 | <br> |
|---|
| 2764 | |
|---|
| 2765 | |
|---|
| 2766 | |
|---|
| 2767 | |
|---|
| 2768 | |
|---|
| 2769 | |
|---|
| 2770 | |
|---|
| 2771 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_south</span> |
|---|
| 2772 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="#ny">ny</a> + |
|---|
| 2773 | 1 ) * <a href="#dy">dy</a> - <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a> ) / 2</span> |
|---|
| 2774 | centers the building in y-direction. <font color="#000000">Due to the staggered grid the building will be displaced by -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> in x-direction and -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> in y-direction.</font> </td> |
|---|
| 2775 | |
|---|
| 2776 | |
|---|
| 2777 | |
|---|
| 2778 | |
|---|
| 2779 | |
|---|
| 2780 | |
|---|
| 2781 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2782 | |
|---|
| 2783 | |
|---|
| 2784 | |
|---|
| 2785 | |
|---|
| 2786 | |
|---|
| 2787 | |
|---|
| 2788 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2789 | |
|---|
| 2790 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="canopy_mode"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">canopy_mode</span></td> |
|---|
| 2791 | |
|---|
| 2792 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 2793 | |
|---|
| 2794 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'block'</span></td> |
|---|
| 2795 | |
|---|
| 2796 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Canopy mode.<br> |
|---|
| 2797 | |
|---|
| 2798 | <br> |
|---|
| 2799 | |
|---|
| 2800 | <font color="#000000"> |
|---|
| 2801 | Besides using the default value, that will create a horizontally |
|---|
| 2802 | homogeneous plant canopy that extends over the total horizontal |
|---|
| 2803 | extension of the model domain, the user may add code to the user |
|---|
| 2804 | interface subroutine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_plant_canopy">user_init_plant_canopy</a> |
|---|
| 2805 | to allow further canopy modes. <br> |
|---|
| 2806 | |
|---|
| 2807 | <br> |
|---|
| 2808 | |
|---|
| 2809 | The setting of <a href="#canopy_mode">canopy_mode</a> becomes only active, if <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> has been set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and a non-zero <a href="#drag_coefficient">drag_coefficient</a> has been defined.</font></td> |
|---|
| 2810 | |
|---|
| 2811 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2812 | |
|---|
| 2813 | <tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_height"></a>canyon_height</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;">50.0</td><td>Street canyon height |
|---|
| 2814 | in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2815 | |
|---|
| 2816 | |
|---|
| 2817 | |
|---|
| 2818 | |
|---|
| 2819 | |
|---|
| 2820 | |
|---|
| 2821 | <br> |
|---|
| 2822 | |
|---|
| 2823 | |
|---|
| 2824 | |
|---|
| 2825 | |
|---|
| 2826 | |
|---|
| 2827 | |
|---|
| 2828 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_height</span> must |
|---|
| 2829 | be less than the height of the model domain. This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2830 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_street_canyon'</span>.</td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_width_x"></a>canyon_width_x</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;">9999999.9</td><td>Street canyon width in x-direction in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2831 | |
|---|
| 2832 | |
|---|
| 2833 | |
|---|
| 2834 | |
|---|
| 2835 | |
|---|
| 2836 | |
|---|
| 2837 | <br> |
|---|
| 2838 | |
|---|
| 2839 | |
|---|
| 2840 | |
|---|
| 2841 | |
|---|
| 2842 | |
|---|
| 2843 | |
|---|
| 2844 | |
|---|
| 2845 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_width_x</span> |
|---|
| 2846 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
|---|
| 2847 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 2848 | </span><span style="font-style: italic;">- <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_wall_left">canyon_wall_left</a></span>. |
|---|
| 2849 | This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2850 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;">single_street_canyon</span><span style="font-style: italic;">'</span>. A non-default value implies a canyon orientation in y-direction.</td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_width_y"></a>canyon_width_y</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;">9999999.9</td><td>Street canyon width in y-direction in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2851 | |
|---|
| 2852 | |
|---|
| 2853 | |
|---|
| 2854 | |
|---|
| 2855 | |
|---|
| 2856 | |
|---|
| 2857 | <br> |
|---|
| 2858 | |
|---|
| 2859 | |
|---|
| 2860 | |
|---|
| 2861 | |
|---|
| 2862 | |
|---|
| 2863 | |
|---|
| 2864 | |
|---|
| 2865 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_width_y</span> |
|---|
| 2866 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
|---|
| 2867 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a></span><span style="font-style: italic;"> - <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_wall_south">canyon_wall_south</a></span>. This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2868 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;">single_street_canyon</span>. A non-default value implies a canyon orientation in x-direction.</td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_wall_left"></a>canyon_wall_left</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">canyon centered in x-direction</span></td><td>x-coordinate of the left canyon wall (distance between the |
|---|
| 2869 | left canyon wall and the left border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2870 | |
|---|
| 2871 | |
|---|
| 2872 | |
|---|
| 2873 | |
|---|
| 2874 | |
|---|
| 2875 | |
|---|
| 2876 | |
|---|
| 2877 | <br> |
|---|
| 2878 | |
|---|
| 2879 | |
|---|
| 2880 | |
|---|
| 2881 | |
|---|
| 2882 | |
|---|
| 2883 | |
|---|
| 2884 | |
|---|
| 2885 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_wall_left</span> |
|---|
| 2886 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
|---|
| 2887 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a> |
|---|
| 2888 | - 1 ) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> - <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_x">canyon_width_x</a></span>. |
|---|
| 2889 | This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2890 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;">single_street_canyon</span><span style="font-style: italic;">'</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 2891 | |
|---|
| 2892 | |
|---|
| 2893 | |
|---|
| 2894 | |
|---|
| 2895 | |
|---|
| 2896 | |
|---|
| 2897 | |
|---|
| 2898 | <br> |
|---|
| 2899 | |
|---|
| 2900 | |
|---|
| 2901 | |
|---|
| 2902 | |
|---|
| 2903 | |
|---|
| 2904 | |
|---|
| 2905 | |
|---|
| 2906 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_wall_left</span> |
|---|
| 2907 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a> + |
|---|
| 2908 | 1 ) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> - <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_x">canyon_width_x</a> ) / 2</span> |
|---|
| 2909 | centers the canyon in x-direction.</td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_wall_south"></a>canyon_wall_south</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">canyon centered in y-direction</span></td><td>y-coordinate of the South canyon wall (distance between the |
|---|
| 2910 | South canyon wall and the South border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2911 | |
|---|
| 2912 | |
|---|
| 2913 | |
|---|
| 2914 | |
|---|
| 2915 | |
|---|
| 2916 | |
|---|
| 2917 | |
|---|
| 2918 | <br> |
|---|
| 2919 | |
|---|
| 2920 | |
|---|
| 2921 | |
|---|
| 2922 | |
|---|
| 2923 | |
|---|
| 2924 | |
|---|
| 2925 | |
|---|
| 2926 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_wall_south</span> |
|---|
| 2927 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
|---|
| 2928 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a> |
|---|
| 2929 | - 1 ) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> - <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_y">canyon_width_y</a></span>. |
|---|
| 2930 | This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2931 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;">single_street_canyon</span><span style="font-style: italic;">'</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 2932 | |
|---|
| 2933 | |
|---|
| 2934 | |
|---|
| 2935 | |
|---|
| 2936 | |
|---|
| 2937 | |
|---|
| 2938 | |
|---|
| 2939 | <br> |
|---|
| 2940 | |
|---|
| 2941 | |
|---|
| 2942 | |
|---|
| 2943 | |
|---|
| 2944 | |
|---|
| 2945 | |
|---|
| 2946 | |
|---|
| 2947 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_wall_south</span> |
|---|
| 2948 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a> + |
|---|
| 2949 | 1 ) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> - </span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_length_y"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span></a><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_y">canyon_wid</a><span style="font-style: italic;"><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_y">th_y</a> ) / 2</span> |
|---|
| 2950 | centers the canyon in y-direction.</td></tr><tr> |
|---|
| 2951 | |
|---|
| 2952 | |
|---|
| 2953 | |
|---|
| 2954 | |
|---|
| 2955 | |
|---|
| 2956 | |
|---|
| 2957 | |
|---|
| 2958 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="cloud_droplets"></a>cloud_droplets</span><br> |
|---|
| 2959 | |
|---|
| 2960 | |
|---|
| 2961 | |
|---|
| 2962 | |
|---|
| 2963 | |
|---|
| 2964 | |
|---|
| 2965 | |
|---|
| 2966 | </td> |
|---|
| 2967 | |
|---|
| 2968 | |
|---|
| 2969 | |
|---|
| 2970 | |
|---|
| 2971 | |
|---|
| 2972 | |
|---|
| 2973 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> |
|---|
| 2974 | |
|---|
| 2975 | |
|---|
| 2976 | |
|---|
| 2977 | |
|---|
| 2978 | |
|---|
| 2979 | |
|---|
| 2980 | </td> |
|---|
| 2981 | |
|---|
| 2982 | |
|---|
| 2983 | |
|---|
| 2984 | |
|---|
| 2985 | |
|---|
| 2986 | |
|---|
| 2987 | |
|---|
| 2988 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br> |
|---|
| 2989 | |
|---|
| 2990 | |
|---|
| 2991 | |
|---|
| 2992 | |
|---|
| 2993 | |
|---|
| 2994 | |
|---|
| 2995 | </td> |
|---|
| 2996 | |
|---|
| 2997 | |
|---|
| 2998 | |
|---|
| 2999 | |
|---|
| 3000 | |
|---|
| 3001 | |
|---|
| 3002 | |
|---|
| 3003 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on |
|---|
| 3004 | usage of cloud droplets.<br> |
|---|
| 3005 | |
|---|
| 3006 | |
|---|
| 3007 | |
|---|
| 3008 | |
|---|
| 3009 | |
|---|
| 3010 | |
|---|
| 3011 | <br> |
|---|
| 3012 | |
|---|
| 3013 | |
|---|
| 3014 | |
|---|
| 3015 | |
|---|
| 3016 | |
|---|
| 3017 | |
|---|
| 3018 | |
|---|
| 3019 | <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span> |
|---|
| 3020 | |
|---|
| 3021 | |
|---|
| 3022 | |
|---|
| 3023 | |
|---|
| 3024 | Cloud droplets require to use particles (i.e. the NAMELIST group <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">particles_par</span> has to be included in the parameter file<span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>). Then each particle is a representative for a certain number of droplets. The droplet |
|---|
| 3025 | features (number of droplets, initial radius, etc.) can be steered with |
|---|
| 3026 | the respective particle parameters (see e.g. <a href="#chapter_4.2.html#radius">radius</a>). |
|---|
| 3027 | The real number of initial droplets in a grid cell is equal to the |
|---|
| 3028 | initial number of droplets (defined by the particle source parameters <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a> |
|---|
| 3029 | <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and |
|---|
| 3030 | </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span>) |
|---|
| 3031 | times the <a href="#initial_weighting_factor">initial_weighting_factor</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 3032 | |
|---|
| 3033 | |
|---|
| 3034 | |
|---|
| 3035 | |
|---|
| 3036 | |
|---|
| 3037 | |
|---|
| 3038 | |
|---|
| 3039 | <br> |
|---|
| 3040 | |
|---|
| 3041 | |
|---|
| 3042 | |
|---|
| 3043 | |
|---|
| 3044 | |
|---|
| 3045 | |
|---|
| 3046 | |
|---|
| 3047 | In case of using cloud droplets, the default condensation scheme in |
|---|
| 3048 | PALM cannot be used, i.e. <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a> |
|---|
| 3049 | must be set <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 3050 | |
|---|
| 3051 | |
|---|
| 3052 | |
|---|
| 3053 | |
|---|
| 3054 | |
|---|
| 3055 | |
|---|
| 3056 | |
|---|
| 3057 | </td> |
|---|
| 3058 | |
|---|
| 3059 | |
|---|
| 3060 | |
|---|
| 3061 | |
|---|
| 3062 | |
|---|
| 3063 | |
|---|
| 3064 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3065 | |
|---|
| 3066 | |
|---|
| 3067 | |
|---|
| 3068 | |
|---|
| 3069 | |
|---|
| 3070 | |
|---|
| 3071 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3072 | |
|---|
| 3073 | |
|---|
| 3074 | |
|---|
| 3075 | |
|---|
| 3076 | |
|---|
| 3077 | |
|---|
| 3078 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3079 | |
|---|
| 3080 | |
|---|
| 3081 | |
|---|
| 3082 | |
|---|
| 3083 | |
|---|
| 3084 | |
|---|
| 3085 | <p><a name="cloud_physics"></a><b>cloud_physics</b></p> |
|---|
| 3086 | |
|---|
| 3087 | |
|---|
| 3088 | |
|---|
| 3089 | |
|---|
| 3090 | |
|---|
| 3091 | |
|---|
| 3092 | |
|---|
| 3093 | </td> |
|---|
| 3094 | |
|---|
| 3095 | |
|---|
| 3096 | |
|---|
| 3097 | |
|---|
| 3098 | |
|---|
| 3099 | |
|---|
| 3100 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> |
|---|
| 3101 | |
|---|
| 3102 | |
|---|
| 3103 | |
|---|
| 3104 | |
|---|
| 3105 | |
|---|
| 3106 | |
|---|
| 3107 | </td> |
|---|
| 3108 | |
|---|
| 3109 | |
|---|
| 3110 | |
|---|
| 3111 | |
|---|
| 3112 | |
|---|
| 3113 | |
|---|
| 3114 | |
|---|
| 3115 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 3116 | |
|---|
| 3117 | |
|---|
| 3118 | |
|---|
| 3119 | |
|---|
| 3120 | |
|---|
| 3121 | |
|---|
| 3122 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3123 | |
|---|
| 3124 | |
|---|
| 3125 | |
|---|
| 3126 | |
|---|
| 3127 | |
|---|
| 3128 | |
|---|
| 3129 | <p>Parameter to switch |
|---|
| 3130 | on the condensation scheme. </p> |
|---|
| 3131 | |
|---|
| 3132 | |
|---|
| 3133 | |
|---|
| 3134 | |
|---|
| 3135 | |
|---|
| 3136 | |
|---|
| 3137 | |
|---|
| 3138 | For <b>cloud_physics =</b> <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>, equations |
|---|
| 3139 | for the |
|---|
| 3140 | liquid water |
|---|
| 3141 | content and the liquid water potential temperature are solved instead |
|---|
| 3142 | of those for specific humidity and potential temperature. Note |
|---|
| 3143 | that a grid volume is assumed to be either completely saturated or |
|---|
| 3144 | completely |
|---|
| 3145 | unsaturated (0%-or-100%-scheme). A simple precipitation scheme can |
|---|
| 3146 | additionally be switched on with parameter <a href="#precipitation">precipitation</a>. |
|---|
| 3147 | Also cloud-top cooling by longwave radiation can be utilized (see <a href="#radiation">radiation</a>)<br> |
|---|
| 3148 | |
|---|
| 3149 | |
|---|
| 3150 | |
|---|
| 3151 | |
|---|
| 3152 | |
|---|
| 3153 | |
|---|
| 3154 | <b><br> |
|---|
| 3155 | |
|---|
| 3156 | |
|---|
| 3157 | |
|---|
| 3158 | |
|---|
| 3159 | |
|---|
| 3160 | |
|---|
| 3161 | |
|---|
| 3162 | cloud_physics =</b> <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE. |
|---|
| 3163 | </span>requires <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> |
|---|
| 3164 | =<span style="font-style: italic;"> .TRUE.</span> .<br> |
|---|
| 3165 | |
|---|
| 3166 | |
|---|
| 3167 | |
|---|
| 3168 | |
|---|
| 3169 | |
|---|
| 3170 | |
|---|
| 3171 | |
|---|
| 3172 | Detailed information about the condensation scheme is given in the |
|---|
| 3173 | description of the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM-1/Dokumentationen/Cloud_physics/wolken.pdf">cloud |
|---|
| 3174 | physics module</a> (pdf-file, only in German).<br> |
|---|
| 3175 | |
|---|
| 3176 | |
|---|
| 3177 | |
|---|
| 3178 | |
|---|
| 3179 | |
|---|
| 3180 | |
|---|
| 3181 | <br> |
|---|
| 3182 | |
|---|
| 3183 | |
|---|
| 3184 | |
|---|
| 3185 | |
|---|
| 3186 | |
|---|
| 3187 | |
|---|
| 3188 | |
|---|
| 3189 | This condensation scheme is not allowed if cloud droplets are simulated |
|---|
| 3190 | explicitly (see <a href="#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 3191 | |
|---|
| 3192 | |
|---|
| 3193 | |
|---|
| 3194 | |
|---|
| 3195 | |
|---|
| 3196 | |
|---|
| 3197 | |
|---|
| 3198 | </td> |
|---|
| 3199 | |
|---|
| 3200 | |
|---|
| 3201 | |
|---|
| 3202 | |
|---|
| 3203 | |
|---|
| 3204 | |
|---|
| 3205 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3206 | |
|---|
| 3207 | |
|---|
| 3208 | |
|---|
| 3209 | |
|---|
| 3210 | |
|---|
| 3211 | |
|---|
| 3212 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3213 | |
|---|
| 3214 | |
|---|
| 3215 | |
|---|
| 3216 | |
|---|
| 3217 | |
|---|
| 3218 | |
|---|
| 3219 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="conserve_volume_flow"></a>conserve_volume_flow</span></td> |
|---|
| 3220 | |
|---|
| 3221 | |
|---|
| 3222 | |
|---|
| 3223 | |
|---|
| 3224 | |
|---|
| 3225 | |
|---|
| 3226 | |
|---|
| 3227 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 3228 | |
|---|
| 3229 | |
|---|
| 3230 | |
|---|
| 3231 | |
|---|
| 3232 | |
|---|
| 3233 | |
|---|
| 3234 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 3235 | |
|---|
| 3236 | |
|---|
| 3237 | |
|---|
| 3238 | |
|---|
| 3239 | |
|---|
| 3240 | |
|---|
| 3241 | <td>Conservation |
|---|
| 3242 | of volume flow in x- and y-direction.<br> |
|---|
| 3243 | |
|---|
| 3244 | |
|---|
| 3245 | |
|---|
| 3246 | |
|---|
| 3247 | |
|---|
| 3248 | |
|---|
| 3249 | <br> |
|---|
| 3250 | |
|---|
| 3251 | |
|---|
| 3252 | |
|---|
| 3253 | |
|---|
| 3254 | |
|---|
| 3255 | |
|---|
| 3256 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow</span> |
|---|
| 3257 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> |
|---|
| 3258 | guarantees that the volume flow through the xz- and yz-cross-sections of |
|---|
| 3259 | the total model domain remains constant throughout the run depending on the chosen <a href="#conserve_volume_flow_mode">conserve_volume_flow_mode</a>.<br><br>Note that <span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow</span> |
|---|
| 3260 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> requires <a href="#dp_external">dp_external</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span> .<br> |
|---|
| 3261 | |
|---|
| 3262 | |
|---|
| 3263 | |
|---|
| 3264 | |
|---|
| 3265 | |
|---|
| 3266 | |
|---|
| 3267 | |
|---|
| 3268 | </td> |
|---|
| 3269 | |
|---|
| 3270 | |
|---|
| 3271 | |
|---|
| 3272 | |
|---|
| 3273 | |
|---|
| 3274 | |
|---|
| 3275 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3276 | |
|---|
| 3277 | |
|---|
| 3278 | |
|---|
| 3279 | |
|---|
| 3280 | |
|---|
| 3281 | |
|---|
| 3282 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="conserve_volume_flow_mode"></a>conserve_volume_flow_mode</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 16</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'default'</span></td><td>Modus of volume flow conservation.<br><br>The following values are allowed:<br><p style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'default'</span> |
|---|
| 3283 | </p> |
|---|
| 3284 | |
|---|
| 3285 | |
|---|
| 3286 | |
|---|
| 3287 | |
|---|
| 3288 | |
|---|
| 3289 | |
|---|
| 3290 | |
|---|
| 3291 | |
|---|
| 3292 | |
|---|
| 3293 | |
|---|
| 3294 | |
|---|
| 3295 | |
|---|
| 3296 | |
|---|
| 3297 | <ul><p>Per default, PALM uses <span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_profiles'</span> for cyclic lateral boundary conditions (<a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span> and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span>) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'inflow_profile'</span> for non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> /= <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span> or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a> /= <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span>).</p></ul> |
|---|
| 3298 | |
|---|
| 3299 | |
|---|
| 3300 | |
|---|
| 3301 | |
|---|
| 3302 | |
|---|
| 3303 | |
|---|
| 3304 | |
|---|
| 3305 | |
|---|
| 3306 | |
|---|
| 3307 | |
|---|
| 3308 | |
|---|
| 3309 | |
|---|
| 3310 | |
|---|
| 3311 | <p style="font-style: italic;">'initial_profiles' </p> |
|---|
| 3312 | |
|---|
| 3313 | |
|---|
| 3314 | |
|---|
| 3315 | |
|---|
| 3316 | |
|---|
| 3317 | |
|---|
| 3318 | |
|---|
| 3319 | |
|---|
| 3320 | |
|---|
| 3321 | |
|---|
| 3322 | |
|---|
| 3323 | |
|---|
| 3324 | |
|---|
| 3325 | <ul><p>The target volume flow is calculated at t=0 from the initial profiles of u and v. This setting is only allowed for cyclic lateral boundary conditions (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span>).</p></ul> |
|---|
| 3326 | |
|---|
| 3327 | |
|---|
| 3328 | |
|---|
| 3329 | |
|---|
| 3330 | |
|---|
| 3331 | |
|---|
| 3332 | |
|---|
| 3333 | |
|---|
| 3334 | |
|---|
| 3335 | |
|---|
| 3336 | |
|---|
| 3337 | |
|---|
| 3338 | |
|---|
| 3339 | <p style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'inflow_profile'</span> |
|---|
| 3340 | </p> |
|---|
| 3341 | |
|---|
| 3342 | |
|---|
| 3343 | |
|---|
| 3344 | |
|---|
| 3345 | |
|---|
| 3346 | |
|---|
| 3347 | |
|---|
| 3348 | |
|---|
| 3349 | |
|---|
| 3350 | |
|---|
| 3351 | |
|---|
| 3352 | |
|---|
| 3353 | |
|---|
| 3354 | <ul><p>The target volume flow is calculated at every timestep from the inflow profile of u or v, respectively. This setting is only allowed for non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> /= <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span> or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a> /= <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span>).</p></ul> |
|---|
| 3355 | |
|---|
| 3356 | |
|---|
| 3357 | |
|---|
| 3358 | |
|---|
| 3359 | |
|---|
| 3360 | |
|---|
| 3361 | |
|---|
| 3362 | |
|---|
| 3363 | |
|---|
| 3364 | |
|---|
| 3365 | |
|---|
| 3366 | |
|---|
| 3367 | |
|---|
| 3368 | <p style="font-style: italic;">'bulk_velocity' </p> |
|---|
| 3369 | |
|---|
| 3370 | |
|---|
| 3371 | |
|---|
| 3372 | |
|---|
| 3373 | |
|---|
| 3374 | |
|---|
| 3375 | |
|---|
| 3376 | |
|---|
| 3377 | |
|---|
| 3378 | |
|---|
| 3379 | |
|---|
| 3380 | |
|---|
| 3381 | |
|---|
| 3382 | <ul><p>The target volume flow is calculated from a predefined bulk velocity (see <a href="#u_bulk">u_bulk</a> and <a href="#v_bulk">v_bulk</a>). This setting is only allowed for cyclic lateral boundary conditions (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span>).</p></ul> |
|---|
| 3383 | |
|---|
| 3384 | |
|---|
| 3385 | |
|---|
| 3386 | |
|---|
| 3387 | |
|---|
| 3388 | |
|---|
| 3389 | |
|---|
| 3390 | |
|---|
| 3391 | |
|---|
| 3392 | |
|---|
| 3393 | |
|---|
| 3394 | |
|---|
| 3395 | |
|---|
| 3396 | <span style="font-style: italic;"></span>Note that <span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow_mode</span> |
|---|
| 3397 | only comes into effect if <a href="#conserve_volume_flow">conserve_volume_flow</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. .</span> </td></tr><tr> |
|---|
| 3398 | |
|---|
| 3399 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="cthf"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">cthf</span></td> |
|---|
| 3400 | |
|---|
| 3401 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3402 | |
|---|
| 3403 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 3404 | |
|---|
| 3405 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Average heat flux that is prescribed at the top of the plant canopy.<br> |
|---|
| 3406 | |
|---|
| 3407 | |
|---|
| 3408 | <br> |
|---|
| 3409 | |
|---|
| 3410 | |
|---|
| 3411 | If <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, the user can prescribe a heat flux at the top of the plant canopy.<br> |
|---|
| 3412 | |
|---|
| 3413 | |
|---|
| 3414 | It is assumed that solar radiation penetrates the canopy and warms the |
|---|
| 3415 | foliage which, in turn, warms the air in contact with it. <br> |
|---|
| 3416 | |
|---|
| 3417 | |
|---|
| 3418 | Note: Instead of using the value prescribed by <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>, |
|---|
| 3419 | the near surface heat flux is determined from an exponential function |
|---|
| 3420 | that is dependent on the cumulative leaf_area_index (Shaw and Schumann |
|---|
| 3421 | (1992, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 61, 47-64)).</td> |
|---|
| 3422 | |
|---|
| 3423 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3424 | |
|---|
| 3425 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3426 | |
|---|
| 3427 | |
|---|
| 3428 | |
|---|
| 3429 | |
|---|
| 3430 | |
|---|
| 3431 | |
|---|
| 3432 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3433 | |
|---|
| 3434 | |
|---|
| 3435 | |
|---|
| 3436 | |
|---|
| 3437 | |
|---|
| 3438 | |
|---|
| 3439 | <p><a name="cut_spline_overshoot"></a><b>cut_spline_overshoot</b></p> |
|---|
| 3440 | |
|---|
| 3441 | |
|---|
| 3442 | |
|---|
| 3443 | |
|---|
| 3444 | |
|---|
| 3445 | |
|---|
| 3446 | |
|---|
| 3447 | </td> |
|---|
| 3448 | |
|---|
| 3449 | |
|---|
| 3450 | |
|---|
| 3451 | |
|---|
| 3452 | |
|---|
| 3453 | |
|---|
| 3454 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 3455 | |
|---|
| 3456 | |
|---|
| 3457 | |
|---|
| 3458 | |
|---|
| 3459 | |
|---|
| 3460 | |
|---|
| 3461 | |
|---|
| 3462 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span></td> |
|---|
| 3463 | |
|---|
| 3464 | |
|---|
| 3465 | |
|---|
| 3466 | |
|---|
| 3467 | |
|---|
| 3468 | |
|---|
| 3469 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3470 | |
|---|
| 3471 | |
|---|
| 3472 | |
|---|
| 3473 | |
|---|
| 3474 | |
|---|
| 3475 | |
|---|
| 3476 | <p>Cuts off of |
|---|
| 3477 | so-called overshoots, which can occur with the |
|---|
| 3478 | upstream-spline scheme. </p> |
|---|
| 3479 | |
|---|
| 3480 | |
|---|
| 3481 | |
|---|
| 3482 | |
|---|
| 3483 | |
|---|
| 3484 | |
|---|
| 3485 | |
|---|
| 3486 | |
|---|
| 3487 | |
|---|
| 3488 | |
|---|
| 3489 | |
|---|
| 3490 | |
|---|
| 3491 | |
|---|
| 3492 | <p><font color="#000000">The cubic splines tend to overshoot in |
|---|
| 3493 | case of discontinuous changes of variables between neighbouring grid |
|---|
| 3494 | points.</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#000000">This |
|---|
| 3495 | may lead to errors in calculating the advection tendency.</font> |
|---|
| 3496 | Choice |
|---|
| 3497 | of <b>cut_spline_overshoot</b> = <i>.TRUE.</i> |
|---|
| 3498 | (switched on by |
|---|
| 3499 | default) |
|---|
| 3500 | allows variable values not to exceed an interval defined by the |
|---|
| 3501 | respective adjacent grid points. This interval can be adjusted |
|---|
| 3502 | seperately for every prognostic variable (see initialization parameters |
|---|
| 3503 | <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_pt">overshoot_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_u">overshoot_limit_u</a>, |
|---|
| 3504 | etc.). This might be necessary in case that the |
|---|
| 3505 | default interval has a non-tolerable effect on the model |
|---|
| 3506 | results. </p> |
|---|
| 3507 | |
|---|
| 3508 | |
|---|
| 3509 | |
|---|
| 3510 | |
|---|
| 3511 | |
|---|
| 3512 | |
|---|
| 3513 | |
|---|
| 3514 | |
|---|
| 3515 | |
|---|
| 3516 | |
|---|
| 3517 | |
|---|
| 3518 | |
|---|
| 3519 | |
|---|
| 3520 | <p>Overshoots may also be removed |
|---|
| 3521 | using the parameters <a href="#ups_limit_e">ups_limit_e</a>, |
|---|
| 3522 | <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, |
|---|
| 3523 | etc. as well as by applying a long-filter (see <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 3524 | |
|---|
| 3525 | |
|---|
| 3526 | |
|---|
| 3527 | |
|---|
| 3528 | |
|---|
| 3529 | |
|---|
| 3530 | |
|---|
| 3531 | </td> |
|---|
| 3532 | |
|---|
| 3533 | |
|---|
| 3534 | |
|---|
| 3535 | |
|---|
| 3536 | |
|---|
| 3537 | |
|---|
| 3538 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3539 | |
|---|
| 3540 | |
|---|
| 3541 | |
|---|
| 3542 | |
|---|
| 3543 | |
|---|
| 3544 | |
|---|
| 3545 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3546 | |
|---|
| 3547 | |
|---|
| 3548 | |
|---|
| 3549 | |
|---|
| 3550 | |
|---|
| 3551 | |
|---|
| 3552 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3553 | |
|---|
| 3554 | |
|---|
| 3555 | |
|---|
| 3556 | |
|---|
| 3557 | |
|---|
| 3558 | |
|---|
| 3559 | <p><a name="damp_level_1d"></a><b>damp_level_1d</b></p> |
|---|
| 3560 | |
|---|
| 3561 | |
|---|
| 3562 | |
|---|
| 3563 | |
|---|
| 3564 | |
|---|
| 3565 | |
|---|
| 3566 | |
|---|
| 3567 | </td> |
|---|
| 3568 | |
|---|
| 3569 | |
|---|
| 3570 | |
|---|
| 3571 | |
|---|
| 3572 | |
|---|
| 3573 | |
|---|
| 3574 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3575 | |
|---|
| 3576 | |
|---|
| 3577 | |
|---|
| 3578 | |
|---|
| 3579 | |
|---|
| 3580 | |
|---|
| 3581 | |
|---|
| 3582 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz+1)</span></td> |
|---|
| 3583 | |
|---|
| 3584 | |
|---|
| 3585 | |
|---|
| 3586 | |
|---|
| 3587 | |
|---|
| 3588 | |
|---|
| 3589 | |
|---|
| 3590 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3591 | |
|---|
| 3592 | |
|---|
| 3593 | |
|---|
| 3594 | |
|---|
| 3595 | |
|---|
| 3596 | |
|---|
| 3597 | <p>Height where |
|---|
| 3598 | the damping layer begins in the 1d-model |
|---|
| 3599 | (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 3600 | |
|---|
| 3601 | |
|---|
| 3602 | |
|---|
| 3603 | |
|---|
| 3604 | |
|---|
| 3605 | |
|---|
| 3606 | |
|---|
| 3607 | |
|---|
| 3608 | |
|---|
| 3609 | |
|---|
| 3610 | |
|---|
| 3611 | |
|---|
| 3612 | |
|---|
| 3613 | <p>This parameter is used to |
|---|
| 3614 | switch on a damping layer for the |
|---|
| 3615 | 1d-model, which is generally needed for the damping of inertia |
|---|
| 3616 | oscillations. Damping is done by gradually increasing the value |
|---|
| 3617 | of the eddy diffusivities about 10% per vertical grid level |
|---|
| 3618 | (starting with the value at the height given by <b>damp_level_1d</b>, |
|---|
| 3619 | or possibly from the next grid pint above), i.e. K<sub>m</sub>(k+1) |
|---|
| 3620 | = |
|---|
| 3621 | 1.1 * K<sub>m</sub>(k). |
|---|
| 3622 | The values of K<sub>m</sub> are limited to 10 m**2/s at |
|---|
| 3623 | maximum. <br> |
|---|
| 3624 | |
|---|
| 3625 | |
|---|
| 3626 | |
|---|
| 3627 | |
|---|
| 3628 | |
|---|
| 3629 | |
|---|
| 3630 | |
|---|
| 3631 | This parameter only comes into effect if the 1d-model is switched on |
|---|
| 3632 | for |
|---|
| 3633 | the initialization of the 3d-model using <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 3634 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>. |
|---|
| 3635 | <br> |
|---|
| 3636 | |
|---|
| 3637 | |
|---|
| 3638 | |
|---|
| 3639 | |
|---|
| 3640 | |
|---|
| 3641 | |
|---|
| 3642 | </p> |
|---|
| 3643 | |
|---|
| 3644 | |
|---|
| 3645 | |
|---|
| 3646 | |
|---|
| 3647 | |
|---|
| 3648 | |
|---|
| 3649 | </td> |
|---|
| 3650 | |
|---|
| 3651 | |
|---|
| 3652 | |
|---|
| 3653 | |
|---|
| 3654 | |
|---|
| 3655 | |
|---|
| 3656 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3657 | |
|---|
| 3658 | |
|---|
| 3659 | |
|---|
| 3660 | |
|---|
| 3661 | |
|---|
| 3662 | |
|---|
| 3663 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3664 | |
|---|
| 3665 | |
|---|
| 3666 | |
|---|
| 3667 | |
|---|
| 3668 | |
|---|
| 3669 | |
|---|
| 3670 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dissipation_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span><br> |
|---|
| 3671 | |
|---|
| 3672 | |
|---|
| 3673 | |
|---|
| 3674 | |
|---|
| 3675 | |
|---|
| 3676 | |
|---|
| 3677 | |
|---|
| 3678 | </td> |
|---|
| 3679 | |
|---|
| 3680 | |
|---|
| 3681 | |
|---|
| 3682 | |
|---|
| 3683 | |
|---|
| 3684 | |
|---|
| 3685 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
|---|
| 3686 | |
|---|
| 3687 | |
|---|
| 3688 | |
|---|
| 3689 | |
|---|
| 3690 | |
|---|
| 3691 | |
|---|
| 3692 | |
|---|
| 3693 | </td> |
|---|
| 3694 | |
|---|
| 3695 | |
|---|
| 3696 | |
|---|
| 3697 | |
|---|
| 3698 | |
|---|
| 3699 | |
|---|
| 3700 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 3701 | |
|---|
| 3702 | |
|---|
| 3703 | |
|---|
| 3704 | |
|---|
| 3705 | |
|---|
| 3706 | |
|---|
| 3707 | <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br> |
|---|
| 3708 | |
|---|
| 3709 | |
|---|
| 3710 | |
|---|
| 3711 | |
|---|
| 3712 | |
|---|
| 3713 | |
|---|
| 3714 | </td> |
|---|
| 3715 | |
|---|
| 3716 | |
|---|
| 3717 | |
|---|
| 3718 | |
|---|
| 3719 | |
|---|
| 3720 | |
|---|
| 3721 | |
|---|
| 3722 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Calculation method for |
|---|
| 3723 | the energy dissipation term in the TKE equation of the 1d-model.<br> |
|---|
| 3724 | |
|---|
| 3725 | |
|---|
| 3726 | |
|---|
| 3727 | |
|---|
| 3728 | |
|---|
| 3729 | |
|---|
| 3730 | |
|---|
| 3731 | <br> |
|---|
| 3732 | |
|---|
| 3733 | |
|---|
| 3734 | |
|---|
| 3735 | |
|---|
| 3736 | |
|---|
| 3737 | |
|---|
| 3738 | |
|---|
| 3739 | By default the dissipation is calculated as in the 3d-model using diss |
|---|
| 3740 | = (0.19 + 0.74 * l / l_grid) * e**1.5 / l.<br> |
|---|
| 3741 | |
|---|
| 3742 | |
|---|
| 3743 | |
|---|
| 3744 | |
|---|
| 3745 | |
|---|
| 3746 | |
|---|
| 3747 | <br> |
|---|
| 3748 | |
|---|
| 3749 | |
|---|
| 3750 | |
|---|
| 3751 | |
|---|
| 3752 | |
|---|
| 3753 | |
|---|
| 3754 | |
|---|
| 3755 | Setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span> |
|---|
| 3756 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'detering'</span> |
|---|
| 3757 | forces the dissipation to be calculated as diss = 0.064 * e**1.5 / l.<br> |
|---|
| 3758 | |
|---|
| 3759 | |
|---|
| 3760 | |
|---|
| 3761 | |
|---|
| 3762 | |
|---|
| 3763 | |
|---|
| 3764 | |
|---|
| 3765 | </td> |
|---|
| 3766 | |
|---|
| 3767 | |
|---|
| 3768 | |
|---|
| 3769 | |
|---|
| 3770 | |
|---|
| 3771 | |
|---|
| 3772 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3773 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dp_external"></a><b>dp_external</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">.F.</td><td>External pressure gradient switch.<br><br>This |
|---|
| 3774 | parameter is used to switch on/off an external pressure gradient as |
|---|
| 3775 | driving force. The external pressure gradient is controlled by the |
|---|
| 3776 | parameters <a href="#dp_smooth">dp_smooth</a>, <a href="#dp_level_b">dp_level_b</a> and <a href="#dpdxy">dpdxy</a>.<br><br>Note that <span style="font-weight: bold;">dp_external</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> requires <a href="#conserve_volume_flow">conserve_volume_flow</a> =<span style="font-style: italic;"> .F. </span>It is normally recommended to disable the Coriolis force by setting <a href="l#omega">omega</a> = 0.0.</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dp_smooth"></a><b>dp_smooth</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">.F.</td><td>Vertically smooth the external pressure gradient using a sinusoidal smoothing function.<br><br>This parameter only applies if <a href="#dp_external">dp_external</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. </span>. It is useful in combination with <a href="#dp_level_b">dp_level_b</a> >> 0 to generate a non-accelerated boundary layer well below <a href="#dp_level_b">dp_level_b</a>.</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dp_level_b"></a><b>dp_level_b</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">0.0</td><td><font size="3">Lower |
|---|
| 3777 | limit of the vertical range for which the external pressure gradient is applied (</font>in <font size="3">m).</font><br><br>This parameter only applies if <a href="#dp_external">dp_external</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. </span><span lang="en-GB">It |
|---|
| 3778 | must hold the condition zu(0) <= <b>dp_level_b</b> |
|---|
| 3779 | <= zu(</span><a href="#nz"><span lang="en-GB">nz</span></a><span lang="en-GB">)</span><span lang="en-GB">. </span>It can be used in combination with <a href="#dp_smooth">dp_smooth</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> to generate a non-accelerated boundary layer well below <span style="font-weight: bold;">dp_level_b</span> if <span style="font-weight: bold;">dp_level_b</span> >> 0.<br><br>Note |
|---|
| 3780 | that there is no upper limit of the vertical range because the external |
|---|
| 3781 | pressure gradient is always applied up to the top of the model domain.</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dpdxy"></a><b>dpdxy</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R(2)</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;">2 * 0.0</td><td>Values of the external pressure gradient applied in x- and y-direction, respectively (in Pa/m).<br><br>This parameter only applies if <a href="#dp_external">dp_external</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. </span>It sets the pressure gradient values. Negative values mean an acceleration, positive values mean deceleration. For example, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dpdxy</span> = -0.0002, 0.0, drives the flow in positive x-direction, <span lang="en-GB"></span></td></tr> |
|---|
| 3782 | |
|---|
| 3783 | |
|---|
| 3784 | |
|---|
| 3785 | |
|---|
| 3786 | |
|---|
| 3787 | |
|---|
| 3788 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3789 | |
|---|
| 3790 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="drag_coefficient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">drag_coefficient</span></td> |
|---|
| 3791 | |
|---|
| 3792 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3793 | |
|---|
| 3794 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 3795 | |
|---|
| 3796 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Drag coefficient used in the plant canopy model.<br> |
|---|
| 3797 | |
|---|
| 3798 | <br> |
|---|
| 3799 | |
|---|
| 3800 | This parameter has to be non-zero, if the parameter <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 3801 | |
|---|
| 3802 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3803 | |
|---|
| 3804 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3805 | |
|---|
| 3806 | |
|---|
| 3807 | |
|---|
| 3808 | |
|---|
| 3809 | |
|---|
| 3810 | |
|---|
| 3811 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3812 | |
|---|
| 3813 | |
|---|
| 3814 | |
|---|
| 3815 | |
|---|
| 3816 | |
|---|
| 3817 | |
|---|
| 3818 | <p><a name="dt"></a><b>dt</b></p> |
|---|
| 3819 | |
|---|
| 3820 | |
|---|
| 3821 | |
|---|
| 3822 | |
|---|
| 3823 | |
|---|
| 3824 | |
|---|
| 3825 | </td> |
|---|
| 3826 | |
|---|
| 3827 | |
|---|
| 3828 | |
|---|
| 3829 | |
|---|
| 3830 | |
|---|
| 3831 | |
|---|
| 3832 | |
|---|
| 3833 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3834 | |
|---|
| 3835 | |
|---|
| 3836 | |
|---|
| 3837 | |
|---|
| 3838 | |
|---|
| 3839 | |
|---|
| 3840 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">variable</span></td> |
|---|
| 3841 | |
|---|
| 3842 | |
|---|
| 3843 | |
|---|
| 3844 | |
|---|
| 3845 | |
|---|
| 3846 | |
|---|
| 3847 | |
|---|
| 3848 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3849 | |
|---|
| 3850 | |
|---|
| 3851 | |
|---|
| 3852 | |
|---|
| 3853 | |
|---|
| 3854 | |
|---|
| 3855 | <p>Time step for |
|---|
| 3856 | the 3d-model (in s). </p> |
|---|
| 3857 | |
|---|
| 3858 | |
|---|
| 3859 | |
|---|
| 3860 | |
|---|
| 3861 | |
|---|
| 3862 | |
|---|
| 3863 | |
|---|
| 3864 | |
|---|
| 3865 | |
|---|
| 3866 | |
|---|
| 3867 | |
|---|
| 3868 | |
|---|
| 3869 | |
|---|
| 3870 | <p>By default, (i.e. |
|---|
| 3871 | if a Runge-Kutta scheme is used, see <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>) |
|---|
| 3872 | the value of the time step is calculating after each time step |
|---|
| 3873 | (following the time step criteria) and |
|---|
| 3874 | used for the next step.</p> |
|---|
| 3875 | |
|---|
| 3876 | |
|---|
| 3877 | |
|---|
| 3878 | |
|---|
| 3879 | |
|---|
| 3880 | |
|---|
| 3881 | |
|---|
| 3882 | |
|---|
| 3883 | |
|---|
| 3884 | |
|---|
| 3885 | |
|---|
| 3886 | |
|---|
| 3887 | |
|---|
| 3888 | <p>If the user assigns <b>dt</b> |
|---|
| 3889 | a value, then the time step is |
|---|
| 3890 | fixed to this value throughout the whole run (whether it fulfills the |
|---|
| 3891 | time step |
|---|
| 3892 | criteria or not). However, changes are allowed for restart runs, |
|---|
| 3893 | because <b>dt</b> can also be used as a <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_laufparameter">run |
|---|
| 3894 | parameter</a>. </p> |
|---|
| 3895 | |
|---|
| 3896 | |
|---|
| 3897 | |
|---|
| 3898 | |
|---|
| 3899 | |
|---|
| 3900 | |
|---|
| 3901 | |
|---|
| 3902 | |
|---|
| 3903 | |
|---|
| 3904 | |
|---|
| 3905 | |
|---|
| 3906 | |
|---|
| 3907 | |
|---|
| 3908 | <p>In case that the |
|---|
| 3909 | calculated time step meets the condition<br> |
|---|
| 3910 | |
|---|
| 3911 | |
|---|
| 3912 | |
|---|
| 3913 | |
|---|
| 3914 | |
|---|
| 3915 | |
|---|
| 3916 | </p> |
|---|
| 3917 | |
|---|
| 3918 | |
|---|
| 3919 | |
|---|
| 3920 | |
|---|
| 3921 | |
|---|
| 3922 | |
|---|
| 3923 | |
|---|
| 3924 | |
|---|
| 3925 | |
|---|
| 3926 | |
|---|
| 3927 | |
|---|
| 3928 | |
|---|
| 3929 | |
|---|
| 3930 | <ul> |
|---|
| 3931 | |
|---|
| 3932 | |
|---|
| 3933 | |
|---|
| 3934 | |
|---|
| 3935 | |
|---|
| 3936 | |
|---|
| 3937 | |
|---|
| 3938 | |
|---|
| 3939 | |
|---|
| 3940 | |
|---|
| 3941 | |
|---|
| 3942 | |
|---|
| 3943 | |
|---|
| 3944 | <p><b>dt</b> < 0.00001 * <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_max">dt_max</a> (with dt_max |
|---|
| 3945 | = 20.0)</p> |
|---|
| 3946 | |
|---|
| 3947 | |
|---|
| 3948 | |
|---|
| 3949 | |
|---|
| 3950 | |
|---|
| 3951 | |
|---|
| 3952 | |
|---|
| 3953 | |
|---|
| 3954 | |
|---|
| 3955 | |
|---|
| 3956 | |
|---|
| 3957 | |
|---|
| 3958 | |
|---|
| 3959 | </ul> |
|---|
| 3960 | |
|---|
| 3961 | |
|---|
| 3962 | |
|---|
| 3963 | |
|---|
| 3964 | |
|---|
| 3965 | |
|---|
| 3966 | |
|---|
| 3967 | |
|---|
| 3968 | |
|---|
| 3969 | |
|---|
| 3970 | |
|---|
| 3971 | |
|---|
| 3972 | |
|---|
| 3973 | <p>the simulation will be |
|---|
| 3974 | aborted. Such situations usually arise |
|---|
| 3975 | in case of any numerical problem / instability which causes a |
|---|
| 3976 | non-realistic increase of the wind speed. </p> |
|---|
| 3977 | |
|---|
| 3978 | |
|---|
| 3979 | |
|---|
| 3980 | |
|---|
| 3981 | |
|---|
| 3982 | |
|---|
| 3983 | |
|---|
| 3984 | |
|---|
| 3985 | |
|---|
| 3986 | |
|---|
| 3987 | |
|---|
| 3988 | |
|---|
| 3989 | |
|---|
| 3990 | <p>A |
|---|
| 3991 | small time step due to a large mean horizontal windspeed |
|---|
| 3992 | speed may be enlarged by using a coordinate transformation (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
|---|
| 3993 | in order to spare CPU time.<br> |
|---|
| 3994 | |
|---|
| 3995 | |
|---|
| 3996 | |
|---|
| 3997 | |
|---|
| 3998 | |
|---|
| 3999 | |
|---|
| 4000 | </p> |
|---|
| 4001 | |
|---|
| 4002 | |
|---|
| 4003 | |
|---|
| 4004 | |
|---|
| 4005 | |
|---|
| 4006 | |
|---|
| 4007 | |
|---|
| 4008 | |
|---|
| 4009 | |
|---|
| 4010 | |
|---|
| 4011 | |
|---|
| 4012 | |
|---|
| 4013 | |
|---|
| 4014 | <p>If the |
|---|
| 4015 | leapfrog timestep scheme is used (see <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>) |
|---|
| 4016 | a temporary time step value dt_new is calculated first, with dt_new = <a href="chapter_4.2.html#fcl_factor">cfl_factor</a> |
|---|
| 4017 | * dt_crit where dt_crit is the maximum timestep allowed by the CFL and |
|---|
| 4018 | diffusion condition. Next it is examined whether dt_new exceeds or |
|---|
| 4019 | falls below the |
|---|
| 4020 | value of the previous timestep by at |
|---|
| 4021 | least +5 % / -2%. If it is smaller, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span> |
|---|
| 4022 | = dt_new is immediately used for the next timestep. If it is larger, |
|---|
| 4023 | then <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt </span>= |
|---|
| 4024 | 1.02 * dt_prev |
|---|
| 4025 | (previous timestep) is used as the new timestep, however the time |
|---|
| 4026 | step is only increased if the last change of the time step is dated |
|---|
| 4027 | back at |
|---|
| 4028 | least 30 iterations. If dt_new is located in the interval mentioned |
|---|
| 4029 | above, then dt |
|---|
| 4030 | does not change at all. By doing so, permanent time step changes as |
|---|
| 4031 | well as large |
|---|
| 4032 | sudden changes (increases) in the time step are avoided.</p> |
|---|
| 4033 | |
|---|
| 4034 | |
|---|
| 4035 | |
|---|
| 4036 | |
|---|
| 4037 | |
|---|
| 4038 | |
|---|
| 4039 | </td> |
|---|
| 4040 | |
|---|
| 4041 | |
|---|
| 4042 | |
|---|
| 4043 | |
|---|
| 4044 | |
|---|
| 4045 | |
|---|
| 4046 | |
|---|
| 4047 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4048 | |
|---|
| 4049 | |
|---|
| 4050 | |
|---|
| 4051 | |
|---|
| 4052 | |
|---|
| 4053 | |
|---|
| 4054 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4055 | |
|---|
| 4056 | |
|---|
| 4057 | |
|---|
| 4058 | |
|---|
| 4059 | |
|---|
| 4060 | |
|---|
| 4061 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4062 | |
|---|
| 4063 | |
|---|
| 4064 | |
|---|
| 4065 | |
|---|
| 4066 | |
|---|
| 4067 | |
|---|
| 4068 | <p><a name="dt_pr_1d"></a><b>dt_pr_1d</b></p> |
|---|
| 4069 | |
|---|
| 4070 | |
|---|
| 4071 | |
|---|
| 4072 | |
|---|
| 4073 | |
|---|
| 4074 | |
|---|
| 4075 | |
|---|
| 4076 | </td> |
|---|
| 4077 | |
|---|
| 4078 | |
|---|
| 4079 | |
|---|
| 4080 | |
|---|
| 4081 | |
|---|
| 4082 | |
|---|
| 4083 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4084 | |
|---|
| 4085 | |
|---|
| 4086 | |
|---|
| 4087 | |
|---|
| 4088 | |
|---|
| 4089 | |
|---|
| 4090 | |
|---|
| 4091 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td> |
|---|
| 4092 | |
|---|
| 4093 | |
|---|
| 4094 | |
|---|
| 4095 | |
|---|
| 4096 | |
|---|
| 4097 | |
|---|
| 4098 | |
|---|
| 4099 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4100 | |
|---|
| 4101 | |
|---|
| 4102 | |
|---|
| 4103 | |
|---|
| 4104 | |
|---|
| 4105 | |
|---|
| 4106 | <p>Temporal |
|---|
| 4107 | interval of vertical profile output of the 1D-model |
|---|
| 4108 | (in s). </p> |
|---|
| 4109 | |
|---|
| 4110 | |
|---|
| 4111 | |
|---|
| 4112 | |
|---|
| 4113 | |
|---|
| 4114 | |
|---|
| 4115 | |
|---|
| 4116 | |
|---|
| 4117 | |
|---|
| 4118 | |
|---|
| 4119 | |
|---|
| 4120 | |
|---|
| 4121 | |
|---|
| 4122 | <p>Data are written in ASCII |
|---|
| 4123 | format to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#LIST_PROFIL_1D">LIST_PROFIL_1D</a>. |
|---|
| 4124 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model has been switched on |
|---|
| 4125 | for the |
|---|
| 4126 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 4127 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
|---|
| 4128 | |
|---|
| 4129 | |
|---|
| 4130 | |
|---|
| 4131 | |
|---|
| 4132 | |
|---|
| 4133 | |
|---|
| 4134 | |
|---|
| 4135 | </td> |
|---|
| 4136 | |
|---|
| 4137 | |
|---|
| 4138 | |
|---|
| 4139 | |
|---|
| 4140 | |
|---|
| 4141 | |
|---|
| 4142 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4143 | |
|---|
| 4144 | |
|---|
| 4145 | |
|---|
| 4146 | |
|---|
| 4147 | |
|---|
| 4148 | |
|---|
| 4149 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4150 | |
|---|
| 4151 | |
|---|
| 4152 | |
|---|
| 4153 | |
|---|
| 4154 | |
|---|
| 4155 | |
|---|
| 4156 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4157 | |
|---|
| 4158 | |
|---|
| 4159 | |
|---|
| 4160 | |
|---|
| 4161 | |
|---|
| 4162 | |
|---|
| 4163 | <p><a name="dt_run_control_1d"></a><b>dt_run_control_1d</b></p> |
|---|
| 4164 | |
|---|
| 4165 | |
|---|
| 4166 | |
|---|
| 4167 | |
|---|
| 4168 | |
|---|
| 4169 | |
|---|
| 4170 | |
|---|
| 4171 | </td> |
|---|
| 4172 | |
|---|
| 4173 | |
|---|
| 4174 | |
|---|
| 4175 | |
|---|
| 4176 | |
|---|
| 4177 | |
|---|
| 4178 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4179 | |
|---|
| 4180 | |
|---|
| 4181 | |
|---|
| 4182 | |
|---|
| 4183 | |
|---|
| 4184 | |
|---|
| 4185 | |
|---|
| 4186 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">60.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 4187 | |
|---|
| 4188 | |
|---|
| 4189 | |
|---|
| 4190 | |
|---|
| 4191 | |
|---|
| 4192 | |
|---|
| 4193 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4194 | |
|---|
| 4195 | |
|---|
| 4196 | |
|---|
| 4197 | |
|---|
| 4198 | |
|---|
| 4199 | |
|---|
| 4200 | <p>Temporal interval of |
|---|
| 4201 | runtime control output of the 1d-model |
|---|
| 4202 | (in s). </p> |
|---|
| 4203 | |
|---|
| 4204 | |
|---|
| 4205 | |
|---|
| 4206 | |
|---|
| 4207 | |
|---|
| 4208 | |
|---|
| 4209 | |
|---|
| 4210 | |
|---|
| 4211 | |
|---|
| 4212 | |
|---|
| 4213 | |
|---|
| 4214 | |
|---|
| 4215 | |
|---|
| 4216 | <p>Data are written in ASCII |
|---|
| 4217 | format to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>. |
|---|
| 4218 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model is switched on for the |
|---|
| 4219 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 4220 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
|---|
| 4221 | |
|---|
| 4222 | |
|---|
| 4223 | |
|---|
| 4224 | |
|---|
| 4225 | |
|---|
| 4226 | |
|---|
| 4227 | |
|---|
| 4228 | </td> |
|---|
| 4229 | |
|---|
| 4230 | |
|---|
| 4231 | |
|---|
| 4232 | |
|---|
| 4233 | |
|---|
| 4234 | |
|---|
| 4235 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4236 | |
|---|
| 4237 | |
|---|
| 4238 | |
|---|
| 4239 | |
|---|
| 4240 | |
|---|
| 4241 | |
|---|
| 4242 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4243 | |
|---|
| 4244 | |
|---|
| 4245 | |
|---|
| 4246 | |
|---|
| 4247 | |
|---|
| 4248 | |
|---|
| 4249 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4250 | |
|---|
| 4251 | |
|---|
| 4252 | |
|---|
| 4253 | |
|---|
| 4254 | |
|---|
| 4255 | |
|---|
| 4256 | <p><a name="dx"></a><b>dx</b></p> |
|---|
| 4257 | |
|---|
| 4258 | |
|---|
| 4259 | |
|---|
| 4260 | |
|---|
| 4261 | |
|---|
| 4262 | |
|---|
| 4263 | |
|---|
| 4264 | </td> |
|---|
| 4265 | |
|---|
| 4266 | |
|---|
| 4267 | |
|---|
| 4268 | |
|---|
| 4269 | |
|---|
| 4270 | |
|---|
| 4271 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4272 | |
|---|
| 4273 | |
|---|
| 4274 | |
|---|
| 4275 | |
|---|
| 4276 | |
|---|
| 4277 | |
|---|
| 4278 | |
|---|
| 4279 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 4280 | |
|---|
| 4281 | |
|---|
| 4282 | |
|---|
| 4283 | |
|---|
| 4284 | |
|---|
| 4285 | |
|---|
| 4286 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4287 | |
|---|
| 4288 | |
|---|
| 4289 | |
|---|
| 4290 | |
|---|
| 4291 | |
|---|
| 4292 | |
|---|
| 4293 | <p>Horizontal grid |
|---|
| 4294 | spacing along the x-direction (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 4295 | |
|---|
| 4296 | |
|---|
| 4297 | |
|---|
| 4298 | |
|---|
| 4299 | |
|---|
| 4300 | |
|---|
| 4301 | |
|---|
| 4302 | |
|---|
| 4303 | |
|---|
| 4304 | |
|---|
| 4305 | |
|---|
| 4306 | |
|---|
| 4307 | |
|---|
| 4308 | <p>Along |
|---|
| 4309 | x-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p> |
|---|
| 4310 | |
|---|
| 4311 | |
|---|
| 4312 | |
|---|
| 4313 | |
|---|
| 4314 | |
|---|
| 4315 | |
|---|
| 4316 | |
|---|
| 4317 | |
|---|
| 4318 | |
|---|
| 4319 | |
|---|
| 4320 | |
|---|
| 4321 | |
|---|
| 4322 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
|---|
| 4323 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
|---|
| 4324 | |
|---|
| 4325 | |
|---|
| 4326 | |
|---|
| 4327 | |
|---|
| 4328 | |
|---|
| 4329 | |
|---|
| 4330 | </td> |
|---|
| 4331 | |
|---|
| 4332 | |
|---|
| 4333 | |
|---|
| 4334 | |
|---|
| 4335 | |
|---|
| 4336 | |
|---|
| 4337 | |
|---|
| 4338 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4339 | |
|---|
| 4340 | |
|---|
| 4341 | |
|---|
| 4342 | |
|---|
| 4343 | |
|---|
| 4344 | |
|---|
| 4345 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4346 | |
|---|
| 4347 | |
|---|
| 4348 | |
|---|
| 4349 | |
|---|
| 4350 | |
|---|
| 4351 | |
|---|
| 4352 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4353 | |
|---|
| 4354 | |
|---|
| 4355 | |
|---|
| 4356 | |
|---|
| 4357 | |
|---|
| 4358 | |
|---|
| 4359 | <p><a name="dy"></a><b>dy</b></p> |
|---|
| 4360 | |
|---|
| 4361 | |
|---|
| 4362 | |
|---|
| 4363 | |
|---|
| 4364 | |
|---|
| 4365 | |
|---|
| 4366 | |
|---|
| 4367 | </td> |
|---|
| 4368 | |
|---|
| 4369 | |
|---|
| 4370 | |
|---|
| 4371 | |
|---|
| 4372 | |
|---|
| 4373 | |
|---|
| 4374 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4375 | |
|---|
| 4376 | |
|---|
| 4377 | |
|---|
| 4378 | |
|---|
| 4379 | |
|---|
| 4380 | |
|---|
| 4381 | |
|---|
| 4382 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 4383 | |
|---|
| 4384 | |
|---|
| 4385 | |
|---|
| 4386 | |
|---|
| 4387 | |
|---|
| 4388 | |
|---|
| 4389 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4390 | |
|---|
| 4391 | |
|---|
| 4392 | |
|---|
| 4393 | |
|---|
| 4394 | |
|---|
| 4395 | |
|---|
| 4396 | <p>Horizontal grid |
|---|
| 4397 | spacing along the y-direction (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 4398 | |
|---|
| 4399 | |
|---|
| 4400 | |
|---|
| 4401 | |
|---|
| 4402 | |
|---|
| 4403 | |
|---|
| 4404 | |
|---|
| 4405 | |
|---|
| 4406 | |
|---|
| 4407 | |
|---|
| 4408 | |
|---|
| 4409 | |
|---|
| 4410 | |
|---|
| 4411 | <p>Along y-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p> |
|---|
| 4412 | |
|---|
| 4413 | |
|---|
| 4414 | |
|---|
| 4415 | |
|---|
| 4416 | |
|---|
| 4417 | |
|---|
| 4418 | |
|---|
| 4419 | |
|---|
| 4420 | |
|---|
| 4421 | |
|---|
| 4422 | |
|---|
| 4423 | |
|---|
| 4424 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
|---|
| 4425 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
|---|
| 4426 | |
|---|
| 4427 | |
|---|
| 4428 | |
|---|
| 4429 | |
|---|
| 4430 | |
|---|
| 4431 | |
|---|
| 4432 | </td> |
|---|
| 4433 | |
|---|
| 4434 | |
|---|
| 4435 | |
|---|
| 4436 | |
|---|
| 4437 | |
|---|
| 4438 | |
|---|
| 4439 | |
|---|
| 4440 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4441 | |
|---|
| 4442 | |
|---|
| 4443 | |
|---|
| 4444 | |
|---|
| 4445 | |
|---|
| 4446 | |
|---|
| 4447 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4448 | |
|---|
| 4449 | |
|---|
| 4450 | |
|---|
| 4451 | |
|---|
| 4452 | |
|---|
| 4453 | |
|---|
| 4454 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4455 | |
|---|
| 4456 | |
|---|
| 4457 | |
|---|
| 4458 | |
|---|
| 4459 | |
|---|
| 4460 | |
|---|
| 4461 | <p><a name="dz"></a><b>dz</b></p> |
|---|
| 4462 | |
|---|
| 4463 | |
|---|
| 4464 | |
|---|
| 4465 | |
|---|
| 4466 | |
|---|
| 4467 | |
|---|
| 4468 | |
|---|
| 4469 | </td> |
|---|
| 4470 | |
|---|
| 4471 | |
|---|
| 4472 | |
|---|
| 4473 | |
|---|
| 4474 | |
|---|
| 4475 | |
|---|
| 4476 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4477 | |
|---|
| 4478 | |
|---|
| 4479 | |
|---|
| 4480 | |
|---|
| 4481 | |
|---|
| 4482 | |
|---|
| 4483 | |
|---|
| 4484 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 4485 | |
|---|
| 4486 | |
|---|
| 4487 | |
|---|
| 4488 | |
|---|
| 4489 | |
|---|
| 4490 | |
|---|
| 4491 | </td> |
|---|
| 4492 | |
|---|
| 4493 | |
|---|
| 4494 | |
|---|
| 4495 | |
|---|
| 4496 | |
|---|
| 4497 | |
|---|
| 4498 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4499 | |
|---|
| 4500 | |
|---|
| 4501 | |
|---|
| 4502 | |
|---|
| 4503 | |
|---|
| 4504 | |
|---|
| 4505 | <p>Vertical grid |
|---|
| 4506 | spacing (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 4507 | |
|---|
| 4508 | |
|---|
| 4509 | |
|---|
| 4510 | |
|---|
| 4511 | |
|---|
| 4512 | |
|---|
| 4513 | |
|---|
| 4514 | |
|---|
| 4515 | |
|---|
| 4516 | |
|---|
| 4517 | |
|---|
| 4518 | |
|---|
| 4519 | |
|---|
| 4520 | <p>This parameter must be |
|---|
| 4521 | assigned by the user, because no |
|---|
| 4522 | default value is given.<br> |
|---|
| 4523 | |
|---|
| 4524 | |
|---|
| 4525 | |
|---|
| 4526 | |
|---|
| 4527 | |
|---|
| 4528 | |
|---|
| 4529 | </p> |
|---|
| 4530 | |
|---|
| 4531 | |
|---|
| 4532 | |
|---|
| 4533 | |
|---|
| 4534 | |
|---|
| 4535 | |
|---|
| 4536 | |
|---|
| 4537 | |
|---|
| 4538 | |
|---|
| 4539 | |
|---|
| 4540 | |
|---|
| 4541 | |
|---|
| 4542 | |
|---|
| 4543 | <p>By default, the |
|---|
| 4544 | model uses constant grid spacing along z-direction, but it can be |
|---|
| 4545 | stretched using the parameters <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a> |
|---|
| 4546 | and <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a>. |
|---|
| 4547 | In case of stretching, a maximum allowed grid spacing can be given by <a href="#dz_max">dz_max</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 4548 | |
|---|
| 4549 | |
|---|
| 4550 | |
|---|
| 4551 | |
|---|
| 4552 | |
|---|
| 4553 | |
|---|
| 4554 | </p> |
|---|
| 4555 | |
|---|
| 4556 | |
|---|
| 4557 | |
|---|
| 4558 | |
|---|
| 4559 | |
|---|
| 4560 | |
|---|
| 4561 | |
|---|
| 4562 | |
|---|
| 4563 | |
|---|
| 4564 | |
|---|
| 4565 | |
|---|
| 4566 | |
|---|
| 4567 | |
|---|
| 4568 | <p>Assuming |
|---|
| 4569 | a constant <span style="font-weight: bold;">dz</span>, |
|---|
| 4570 | the scalar levels (zu) are calculated directly by: </p> |
|---|
| 4571 | |
|---|
| 4572 | |
|---|
| 4573 | |
|---|
| 4574 | |
|---|
| 4575 | |
|---|
| 4576 | |
|---|
| 4577 | |
|---|
| 4578 | |
|---|
| 4579 | |
|---|
| 4580 | |
|---|
| 4581 | |
|---|
| 4582 | |
|---|
| 4583 | |
|---|
| 4584 | <ul> |
|---|
| 4585 | |
|---|
| 4586 | |
|---|
| 4587 | |
|---|
| 4588 | |
|---|
| 4589 | |
|---|
| 4590 | |
|---|
| 4591 | |
|---|
| 4592 | |
|---|
| 4593 | |
|---|
| 4594 | |
|---|
| 4595 | |
|---|
| 4596 | |
|---|
| 4597 | |
|---|
| 4598 | <p>zu(0) = - dz * 0.5 <br> |
|---|
| 4599 | |
|---|
| 4600 | |
|---|
| 4601 | |
|---|
| 4602 | |
|---|
| 4603 | |
|---|
| 4604 | |
|---|
| 4605 | |
|---|
| 4606 | zu(1) = dz * 0.5</p> |
|---|
| 4607 | |
|---|
| 4608 | |
|---|
| 4609 | |
|---|
| 4610 | |
|---|
| 4611 | |
|---|
| 4612 | |
|---|
| 4613 | |
|---|
| 4614 | |
|---|
| 4615 | |
|---|
| 4616 | |
|---|
| 4617 | |
|---|
| 4618 | |
|---|
| 4619 | |
|---|
| 4620 | </ul> |
|---|
| 4621 | |
|---|
| 4622 | |
|---|
| 4623 | |
|---|
| 4624 | |
|---|
| 4625 | |
|---|
| 4626 | |
|---|
| 4627 | |
|---|
| 4628 | |
|---|
| 4629 | |
|---|
| 4630 | |
|---|
| 4631 | |
|---|
| 4632 | |
|---|
| 4633 | |
|---|
| 4634 | <p>The w-levels lie |
|---|
| 4635 | half between them: </p> |
|---|
| 4636 | |
|---|
| 4637 | |
|---|
| 4638 | |
|---|
| 4639 | |
|---|
| 4640 | |
|---|
| 4641 | |
|---|
| 4642 | |
|---|
| 4643 | |
|---|
| 4644 | |
|---|
| 4645 | |
|---|
| 4646 | |
|---|
| 4647 | |
|---|
| 4648 | |
|---|
| 4649 | <ul> |
|---|
| 4650 | |
|---|
| 4651 | |
|---|
| 4652 | |
|---|
| 4653 | |
|---|
| 4654 | |
|---|
| 4655 | |
|---|
| 4656 | |
|---|
| 4657 | |
|---|
| 4658 | |
|---|
| 4659 | |
|---|
| 4660 | |
|---|
| 4661 | |
|---|
| 4662 | |
|---|
| 4663 | <p>zw(k) = |
|---|
| 4664 | ( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5</p> |
|---|
| 4665 | |
|---|
| 4666 | |
|---|
| 4667 | |
|---|
| 4668 | |
|---|
| 4669 | |
|---|
| 4670 | |
|---|
| 4671 | |
|---|
| 4672 | |
|---|
| 4673 | |
|---|
| 4674 | |
|---|
| 4675 | |
|---|
| 4676 | |
|---|
| 4677 | |
|---|
| 4678 | </ul> |
|---|
| 4679 | |
|---|
| 4680 | |
|---|
| 4681 | |
|---|
| 4682 | |
|---|
| 4683 | |
|---|
| 4684 | |
|---|
| 4685 | </td> |
|---|
| 4686 | |
|---|
| 4687 | |
|---|
| 4688 | |
|---|
| 4689 | |
|---|
| 4690 | |
|---|
| 4691 | |
|---|
| 4692 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4693 | |
|---|
| 4694 | |
|---|
| 4695 | |
|---|
| 4696 | |
|---|
| 4697 | |
|---|
| 4698 | |
|---|
| 4699 | |
|---|
| 4700 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4701 | |
|---|
| 4702 | |
|---|
| 4703 | |
|---|
| 4704 | |
|---|
| 4705 | |
|---|
| 4706 | |
|---|
| 4707 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dz_max"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span></td> |
|---|
| 4708 | |
|---|
| 4709 | |
|---|
| 4710 | |
|---|
| 4711 | |
|---|
| 4712 | |
|---|
| 4713 | |
|---|
| 4714 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4715 | |
|---|
| 4716 | |
|---|
| 4717 | |
|---|
| 4718 | |
|---|
| 4719 | |
|---|
| 4720 | |
|---|
| 4721 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td> |
|---|
| 4722 | |
|---|
| 4723 | |
|---|
| 4724 | |
|---|
| 4725 | |
|---|
| 4726 | |
|---|
| 4727 | |
|---|
| 4728 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Allowed maximum vertical grid |
|---|
| 4729 | spacing (in m).<br> |
|---|
| 4730 | |
|---|
| 4731 | |
|---|
| 4732 | |
|---|
| 4733 | |
|---|
| 4734 | |
|---|
| 4735 | |
|---|
| 4736 | <br> |
|---|
| 4737 | |
|---|
| 4738 | |
|---|
| 4739 | |
|---|
| 4740 | |
|---|
| 4741 | |
|---|
| 4742 | |
|---|
| 4743 | If the vertical grid is stretched |
|---|
| 4744 | (see <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a> |
|---|
| 4745 | and <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>), |
|---|
| 4746 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span> can |
|---|
| 4747 | be used to limit the vertical grid spacing.</td> |
|---|
| 4748 | |
|---|
| 4749 | |
|---|
| 4750 | |
|---|
| 4751 | |
|---|
| 4752 | |
|---|
| 4753 | |
|---|
| 4754 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4755 | |
|---|
| 4756 | |
|---|
| 4757 | |
|---|
| 4758 | |
|---|
| 4759 | |
|---|
| 4760 | |
|---|
| 4761 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4762 | |
|---|
| 4763 | |
|---|
| 4764 | |
|---|
| 4765 | |
|---|
| 4766 | |
|---|
| 4767 | |
|---|
| 4768 | |
|---|
| 4769 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4770 | |
|---|
| 4771 | |
|---|
| 4772 | |
|---|
| 4773 | |
|---|
| 4774 | |
|---|
| 4775 | |
|---|
| 4776 | <p><a name="dz_stretch_factor"></a><b>dz_stretch_factor</b></p> |
|---|
| 4777 | |
|---|
| 4778 | |
|---|
| 4779 | |
|---|
| 4780 | |
|---|
| 4781 | |
|---|
| 4782 | |
|---|
| 4783 | |
|---|
| 4784 | </td> |
|---|
| 4785 | |
|---|
| 4786 | |
|---|
| 4787 | |
|---|
| 4788 | |
|---|
| 4789 | |
|---|
| 4790 | |
|---|
| 4791 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4792 | |
|---|
| 4793 | |
|---|
| 4794 | |
|---|
| 4795 | |
|---|
| 4796 | |
|---|
| 4797 | |
|---|
| 4798 | |
|---|
| 4799 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.08</span></td> |
|---|
| 4800 | |
|---|
| 4801 | |
|---|
| 4802 | |
|---|
| 4803 | |
|---|
| 4804 | |
|---|
| 4805 | |
|---|
| 4806 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4807 | |
|---|
| 4808 | |
|---|
| 4809 | |
|---|
| 4810 | |
|---|
| 4811 | |
|---|
| 4812 | |
|---|
| 4813 | <p>Stretch factor for a |
|---|
| 4814 | vertically stretched grid (see <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>). |
|---|
| 4815 | </p> |
|---|
| 4816 | |
|---|
| 4817 | |
|---|
| 4818 | |
|---|
| 4819 | |
|---|
| 4820 | |
|---|
| 4821 | |
|---|
| 4822 | |
|---|
| 4823 | |
|---|
| 4824 | |
|---|
| 4825 | |
|---|
| 4826 | |
|---|
| 4827 | |
|---|
| 4828 | |
|---|
| 4829 | <p>The stretch factor should not exceed a value of |
|---|
| 4830 | approx. 1.10 - |
|---|
| 4831 | 1.12, otherwise the discretization errors due to the stretched grid not |
|---|
| 4832 | negligible any more. (refer Kalnay de Rivas)</p> |
|---|
| 4833 | |
|---|
| 4834 | |
|---|
| 4835 | |
|---|
| 4836 | |
|---|
| 4837 | |
|---|
| 4838 | |
|---|
| 4839 | </td> |
|---|
| 4840 | |
|---|
| 4841 | |
|---|
| 4842 | |
|---|
| 4843 | |
|---|
| 4844 | |
|---|
| 4845 | |
|---|
| 4846 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4847 | |
|---|
| 4848 | |
|---|
| 4849 | |
|---|
| 4850 | |
|---|
| 4851 | |
|---|
| 4852 | |
|---|
| 4853 | |
|---|
| 4854 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4855 | |
|---|
| 4856 | |
|---|
| 4857 | |
|---|
| 4858 | |
|---|
| 4859 | |
|---|
| 4860 | |
|---|
| 4861 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4862 | |
|---|
| 4863 | |
|---|
| 4864 | |
|---|
| 4865 | |
|---|
| 4866 | |
|---|
| 4867 | |
|---|
| 4868 | <p><a name="dz_stretch_level"></a><b>dz_stretch_level</b></p> |
|---|
| 4869 | |
|---|
| 4870 | |
|---|
| 4871 | |
|---|
| 4872 | |
|---|
| 4873 | |
|---|
| 4874 | |
|---|
| 4875 | |
|---|
| 4876 | </td> |
|---|
| 4877 | |
|---|
| 4878 | |
|---|
| 4879 | |
|---|
| 4880 | |
|---|
| 4881 | |
|---|
| 4882 | |
|---|
| 4883 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4884 | |
|---|
| 4885 | |
|---|
| 4886 | |
|---|
| 4887 | |
|---|
| 4888 | |
|---|
| 4889 | |
|---|
| 4890 | |
|---|
| 4891 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">100000.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 4892 | |
|---|
| 4893 | |
|---|
| 4894 | |
|---|
| 4895 | |
|---|
| 4896 | |
|---|
| 4897 | |
|---|
| 4898 | </td> |
|---|
| 4899 | |
|---|
| 4900 | |
|---|
| 4901 | |
|---|
| 4902 | |
|---|
| 4903 | |
|---|
| 4904 | |
|---|
| 4905 | |
|---|
| 4906 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4907 | |
|---|
| 4908 | |
|---|
| 4909 | |
|---|
| 4910 | |
|---|
| 4911 | |
|---|
| 4912 | |
|---|
| 4913 | <p>Height level |
|---|
| 4914 | above/below which the grid is to be stretched |
|---|
| 4915 | vertically (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 4916 | |
|---|
| 4917 | |
|---|
| 4918 | |
|---|
| 4919 | |
|---|
| 4920 | |
|---|
| 4921 | |
|---|
| 4922 | |
|---|
| 4923 | |
|---|
| 4924 | |
|---|
| 4925 | |
|---|
| 4926 | |
|---|
| 4927 | |
|---|
| 4928 | |
|---|
| 4929 | <p>For <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a> = .F., <b>dz_stretch_level </b>is the height level (in m) <span style="font-weight: bold;">above </span>which the grid is to be stretched |
|---|
| 4930 | vertically. The vertical grid |
|---|
| 4931 | spacings <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
|---|
| 4932 | above this level are calculated as </p> |
|---|
| 4933 | |
|---|
| 4934 | |
|---|
| 4935 | |
|---|
| 4936 | |
|---|
| 4937 | |
|---|
| 4938 | |
|---|
| 4939 | |
|---|
| 4940 | |
|---|
| 4941 | |
|---|
| 4942 | |
|---|
| 4943 | |
|---|
| 4944 | |
|---|
| 4945 | |
|---|
| 4946 | <ul> |
|---|
| 4947 | |
|---|
| 4948 | |
|---|
| 4949 | |
|---|
| 4950 | |
|---|
| 4951 | |
|---|
| 4952 | |
|---|
| 4953 | |
|---|
| 4954 | |
|---|
| 4955 | |
|---|
| 4956 | |
|---|
| 4957 | |
|---|
| 4958 | |
|---|
| 4959 | |
|---|
| 4960 | <p><b>dz</b>(k+1) |
|---|
| 4961 | = <b>dz</b>(k) * <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a></p> |
|---|
| 4962 | |
|---|
| 4963 | |
|---|
| 4964 | |
|---|
| 4965 | |
|---|
| 4966 | |
|---|
| 4967 | |
|---|
| 4968 | |
|---|
| 4969 | |
|---|
| 4970 | |
|---|
| 4971 | |
|---|
| 4972 | |
|---|
| 4973 | |
|---|
| 4974 | |
|---|
| 4975 | </ul> |
|---|
| 4976 | |
|---|
| 4977 | |
|---|
| 4978 | |
|---|
| 4979 | |
|---|
| 4980 | |
|---|
| 4981 | |
|---|
| 4982 | |
|---|
| 4983 | |
|---|
| 4984 | |
|---|
| 4985 | |
|---|
| 4986 | |
|---|
| 4987 | |
|---|
| 4988 | |
|---|
| 4989 | <p>and used as spacings for the scalar levels (zu). |
|---|
| 4990 | The |
|---|
| 4991 | w-levels are then defined as: </p> |
|---|
| 4992 | |
|---|
| 4993 | |
|---|
| 4994 | |
|---|
| 4995 | |
|---|
| 4996 | |
|---|
| 4997 | |
|---|
| 4998 | |
|---|
| 4999 | |
|---|
| 5000 | |
|---|
| 5001 | |
|---|
| 5002 | |
|---|
| 5003 | |
|---|
| 5004 | |
|---|
| 5005 | <ul> |
|---|
| 5006 | |
|---|
| 5007 | |
|---|
| 5008 | |
|---|
| 5009 | |
|---|
| 5010 | |
|---|
| 5011 | |
|---|
| 5012 | |
|---|
| 5013 | |
|---|
| 5014 | |
|---|
| 5015 | |
|---|
| 5016 | |
|---|
| 5017 | |
|---|
| 5018 | |
|---|
| 5019 | <p>zw(k) |
|---|
| 5020 | = ( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5. |
|---|
| 5021 | |
|---|
| 5022 | |
|---|
| 5023 | |
|---|
| 5024 | </p> |
|---|
| 5025 | |
|---|
| 5026 | |
|---|
| 5027 | |
|---|
| 5028 | |
|---|
| 5029 | |
|---|
| 5030 | |
|---|
| 5031 | |
|---|
| 5032 | |
|---|
| 5033 | </ul> |
|---|
| 5034 | |
|---|
| 5035 | |
|---|
| 5036 | |
|---|
| 5037 | |
|---|
| 5038 | |
|---|
| 5039 | |
|---|
| 5040 | |
|---|
| 5041 | |
|---|
| 5042 | <p>For <a href="#ocean">ocean</a> = .T., <b>dz_stretch_level </b>is the height level (in m, negative) <span style="font-weight: bold;">below</span> which the grid is to be stretched |
|---|
| 5043 | vertically. The vertical grid |
|---|
| 5044 | spacings <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz">dz</a> below this level are calculated correspondingly as |
|---|
| 5045 | |
|---|
| 5046 | |
|---|
| 5047 | |
|---|
| 5048 | </p> |
|---|
| 5049 | |
|---|
| 5050 | |
|---|
| 5051 | |
|---|
| 5052 | |
|---|
| 5053 | |
|---|
| 5054 | |
|---|
| 5055 | |
|---|
| 5056 | |
|---|
| 5057 | <ul> |
|---|
| 5058 | |
|---|
| 5059 | |
|---|
| 5060 | |
|---|
| 5061 | |
|---|
| 5062 | |
|---|
| 5063 | |
|---|
| 5064 | |
|---|
| 5065 | |
|---|
| 5066 | <p><b>dz</b>(k-1) |
|---|
| 5067 | = <b>dz</b>(k) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 5068 | |
|---|
| 5069 | |
|---|
| 5070 | |
|---|
| 5071 | |
|---|
| 5072 | |
|---|
| 5073 | |
|---|
| 5074 | |
|---|
| 5075 | |
|---|
| 5076 | </ul> |
|---|
| 5077 | |
|---|
| 5078 | |
|---|
| 5079 | |
|---|
| 5080 | |
|---|
| 5081 | |
|---|
| 5082 | |
|---|
| 5083 | </td> |
|---|
| 5084 | |
|---|
| 5085 | |
|---|
| 5086 | |
|---|
| 5087 | |
|---|
| 5088 | |
|---|
| 5089 | |
|---|
| 5090 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5091 | |
|---|
| 5092 | |
|---|
| 5093 | |
|---|
| 5094 | |
|---|
| 5095 | |
|---|
| 5096 | |
|---|
| 5097 | |
|---|
| 5098 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5099 | |
|---|
| 5100 | |
|---|
| 5101 | |
|---|
| 5102 | |
|---|
| 5103 | |
|---|
| 5104 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="e_init"></a>e_init</span></td> |
|---|
| 5105 | |
|---|
| 5106 | |
|---|
| 5107 | |
|---|
| 5108 | |
|---|
| 5109 | |
|---|
| 5110 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 5111 | |
|---|
| 5112 | |
|---|
| 5113 | |
|---|
| 5114 | |
|---|
| 5115 | |
|---|
| 5116 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 5117 | |
|---|
| 5118 | |
|---|
| 5119 | |
|---|
| 5120 | |
|---|
| 5121 | |
|---|
| 5122 | <td>Initial subgrid-scale TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.<br> |
|---|
| 5123 | |
|---|
| 5124 | |
|---|
| 5125 | |
|---|
| 5126 | |
|---|
| 5127 | |
|---|
| 5128 | |
|---|
| 5129 | |
|---|
| 5130 | <br> |
|---|
| 5131 | |
|---|
| 5132 | |
|---|
| 5133 | |
|---|
| 5134 | |
|---|
| 5135 | |
|---|
| 5136 | |
|---|
| 5137 | This |
|---|
| 5138 | option prescribes an initial subgrid-scale TKE from which the initial diffusion coefficients K<sub>m</sub> and K<sub>h</sub> will be calculated if <span style="font-weight: bold;">e_init</span> is positive. This option only has an effect if <a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a> is not set.</td> |
|---|
| 5139 | |
|---|
| 5140 | |
|---|
| 5141 | |
|---|
| 5142 | |
|---|
| 5143 | |
|---|
| 5144 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5145 | |
|---|
| 5146 | |
|---|
| 5147 | |
|---|
| 5148 | |
|---|
| 5149 | |
|---|
| 5150 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5151 | |
|---|
| 5152 | |
|---|
| 5153 | |
|---|
| 5154 | |
|---|
| 5155 | |
|---|
| 5156 | |
|---|
| 5157 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="e_min"></a>e_min</span></td> |
|---|
| 5158 | |
|---|
| 5159 | |
|---|
| 5160 | |
|---|
| 5161 | |
|---|
| 5162 | |
|---|
| 5163 | |
|---|
| 5164 | |
|---|
| 5165 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 5166 | |
|---|
| 5167 | |
|---|
| 5168 | |
|---|
| 5169 | |
|---|
| 5170 | |
|---|
| 5171 | |
|---|
| 5172 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 5173 | |
|---|
| 5174 | |
|---|
| 5175 | |
|---|
| 5176 | |
|---|
| 5177 | |
|---|
| 5178 | |
|---|
| 5179 | <td>Minimum |
|---|
| 5180 | subgrid-scale TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.<br> |
|---|
| 5181 | |
|---|
| 5182 | |
|---|
| 5183 | |
|---|
| 5184 | |
|---|
| 5185 | |
|---|
| 5186 | |
|---|
| 5187 | |
|---|
| 5188 | <br> |
|---|
| 5189 | |
|---|
| 5190 | |
|---|
| 5191 | |
|---|
| 5192 | |
|---|
| 5193 | |
|---|
| 5194 | |
|---|
| 5195 | This |
|---|
| 5196 | option adds artificial viscosity to the flow by ensuring that |
|---|
| 5197 | the |
|---|
| 5198 | subgrid-scale TKE does not fall below the minimum threshold <span style="font-weight: bold;">e_min</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 5199 | |
|---|
| 5200 | |
|---|
| 5201 | |
|---|
| 5202 | |
|---|
| 5203 | |
|---|
| 5204 | |
|---|
| 5205 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5206 | |
|---|
| 5207 | |
|---|
| 5208 | |
|---|
| 5209 | |
|---|
| 5210 | |
|---|
| 5211 | |
|---|
| 5212 | |
|---|
| 5213 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5214 | |
|---|
| 5215 | |
|---|
| 5216 | |
|---|
| 5217 | |
|---|
| 5218 | |
|---|
| 5219 | |
|---|
| 5220 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5221 | |
|---|
| 5222 | |
|---|
| 5223 | |
|---|
| 5224 | |
|---|
| 5225 | |
|---|
| 5226 | |
|---|
| 5227 | <p><a name="end_time_1d"></a><b>end_time_1d</b></p> |
|---|
| 5228 | |
|---|
| 5229 | |
|---|
| 5230 | |
|---|
| 5231 | |
|---|
| 5232 | |
|---|
| 5233 | |
|---|
| 5234 | |
|---|
| 5235 | </td> |
|---|
| 5236 | |
|---|
| 5237 | |
|---|
| 5238 | |
|---|
| 5239 | |
|---|
| 5240 | |
|---|
| 5241 | |
|---|
| 5242 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 5243 | |
|---|
| 5244 | |
|---|
| 5245 | |
|---|
| 5246 | |
|---|
| 5247 | |
|---|
| 5248 | |
|---|
| 5249 | |
|---|
| 5250 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">864000.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 5251 | |
|---|
| 5252 | |
|---|
| 5253 | |
|---|
| 5254 | |
|---|
| 5255 | |
|---|
| 5256 | |
|---|
| 5257 | </td> |
|---|
| 5258 | |
|---|
| 5259 | |
|---|
| 5260 | |
|---|
| 5261 | |
|---|
| 5262 | |
|---|
| 5263 | |
|---|
| 5264 | |
|---|
| 5265 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5266 | |
|---|
| 5267 | |
|---|
| 5268 | |
|---|
| 5269 | |
|---|
| 5270 | |
|---|
| 5271 | |
|---|
| 5272 | <p>Time to be |
|---|
| 5273 | simulated for the 1d-model (in s). </p> |
|---|
| 5274 | |
|---|
| 5275 | |
|---|
| 5276 | |
|---|
| 5277 | |
|---|
| 5278 | |
|---|
| 5279 | |
|---|
| 5280 | |
|---|
| 5281 | |
|---|
| 5282 | |
|---|
| 5283 | |
|---|
| 5284 | |
|---|
| 5285 | |
|---|
| 5286 | |
|---|
| 5287 | <p>The |
|---|
| 5288 | default value corresponds to a simulated time of 10 days. |
|---|
| 5289 | Usually, after such a period the inertia oscillations have completely |
|---|
| 5290 | decayed and the solution of the 1d-model can be regarded as stationary |
|---|
| 5291 | (see <a href="#damp_level_1d">damp_level_1d</a>). |
|---|
| 5292 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model is switched on for the |
|---|
| 5293 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 5294 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
|---|
| 5295 | |
|---|
| 5296 | |
|---|
| 5297 | |
|---|
| 5298 | |
|---|
| 5299 | |
|---|
| 5300 | |
|---|
| 5301 | |
|---|
| 5302 | </td> |
|---|
| 5303 | |
|---|
| 5304 | |
|---|
| 5305 | |
|---|
| 5306 | |
|---|
| 5307 | |
|---|
| 5308 | |
|---|
| 5309 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5310 | |
|---|
| 5311 | |
|---|
| 5312 | |
|---|
| 5313 | |
|---|
| 5314 | |
|---|
| 5315 | |
|---|
| 5316 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5317 | |
|---|
| 5318 | |
|---|
| 5319 | |
|---|
| 5320 | |
|---|
| 5321 | |
|---|
| 5322 | |
|---|
| 5323 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5324 | |
|---|
| 5325 | |
|---|
| 5326 | |
|---|
| 5327 | |
|---|
| 5328 | |
|---|
| 5329 | |
|---|
| 5330 | <p><a name="fft_method"></a><b>fft_method</b></p> |
|---|
| 5331 | |
|---|
| 5332 | |
|---|
| 5333 | |
|---|
| 5334 | |
|---|
| 5335 | |
|---|
| 5336 | |
|---|
| 5337 | |
|---|
| 5338 | </td> |
|---|
| 5339 | |
|---|
| 5340 | |
|---|
| 5341 | |
|---|
| 5342 | |
|---|
| 5343 | |
|---|
| 5344 | |
|---|
| 5345 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 5346 | |
|---|
| 5347 | |
|---|
| 5348 | |
|---|
| 5349 | |
|---|
| 5350 | |
|---|
| 5351 | |
|---|
| 5352 | |
|---|
| 5353 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'system-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 5354 | |
|---|
| 5355 | |
|---|
| 5356 | |
|---|
| 5357 | |
|---|
| 5358 | |
|---|
| 5359 | |
|---|
| 5360 | <span style="font-style: italic;">specific'</span></td> |
|---|
| 5361 | |
|---|
| 5362 | |
|---|
| 5363 | |
|---|
| 5364 | |
|---|
| 5365 | |
|---|
| 5366 | |
|---|
| 5367 | |
|---|
| 5368 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5369 | |
|---|
| 5370 | |
|---|
| 5371 | |
|---|
| 5372 | |
|---|
| 5373 | |
|---|
| 5374 | |
|---|
| 5375 | <p>FFT-method to |
|---|
| 5376 | be used.<br> |
|---|
| 5377 | |
|---|
| 5378 | |
|---|
| 5379 | |
|---|
| 5380 | |
|---|
| 5381 | |
|---|
| 5382 | |
|---|
| 5383 | </p> |
|---|
| 5384 | |
|---|
| 5385 | |
|---|
| 5386 | |
|---|
| 5387 | |
|---|
| 5388 | |
|---|
| 5389 | |
|---|
| 5390 | |
|---|
| 5391 | |
|---|
| 5392 | |
|---|
| 5393 | |
|---|
| 5394 | |
|---|
| 5395 | |
|---|
| 5396 | |
|---|
| 5397 | <p><br> |
|---|
| 5398 | |
|---|
| 5399 | |
|---|
| 5400 | |
|---|
| 5401 | |
|---|
| 5402 | |
|---|
| 5403 | |
|---|
| 5404 | |
|---|
| 5405 | The fast fourier transformation (FFT) is used for solving the |
|---|
| 5406 | perturbation pressure equation with a direct method (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
|---|
| 5407 | and for calculating power spectra (see optional software packages, |
|---|
| 5408 | section <a href="chapter_4.2.html#spectra_package">4.2</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 5409 | |
|---|
| 5410 | |
|---|
| 5411 | |
|---|
| 5412 | |
|---|
| 5413 | |
|---|
| 5414 | |
|---|
| 5415 | |
|---|
| 5416 | |
|---|
| 5417 | |
|---|
| 5418 | |
|---|
| 5419 | |
|---|
| 5420 | |
|---|
| 5421 | |
|---|
| 5422 | <p><br> |
|---|
| 5423 | |
|---|
| 5424 | |
|---|
| 5425 | |
|---|
| 5426 | |
|---|
| 5427 | |
|---|
| 5428 | |
|---|
| 5429 | |
|---|
| 5430 | By default, system-specific, optimized routines from external |
|---|
| 5431 | vendor libraries are used. However, these are available only on certain |
|---|
| 5432 | computers and there are more or less severe restrictions concerning the |
|---|
| 5433 | number of gridpoints to be used with them.<br> |
|---|
| 5434 | |
|---|
| 5435 | |
|---|
| 5436 | |
|---|
| 5437 | |
|---|
| 5438 | |
|---|
| 5439 | |
|---|
| 5440 | </p> |
|---|
| 5441 | |
|---|
| 5442 | |
|---|
| 5443 | |
|---|
| 5444 | |
|---|
| 5445 | |
|---|
| 5446 | |
|---|
| 5447 | |
|---|
| 5448 | |
|---|
| 5449 | |
|---|
| 5450 | |
|---|
| 5451 | |
|---|
| 5452 | |
|---|
| 5453 | |
|---|
| 5454 | <p>There |
|---|
| 5455 | are two other PALM internal methods available on every |
|---|
| 5456 | machine (their respective source code is part of the PALM source code):</p> |
|---|
| 5457 | |
|---|
| 5458 | |
|---|
| 5459 | |
|---|
| 5460 | |
|---|
| 5461 | |
|---|
| 5462 | |
|---|
| 5463 | |
|---|
| 5464 | |
|---|
| 5465 | |
|---|
| 5466 | |
|---|
| 5467 | |
|---|
| 5468 | |
|---|
| 5469 | |
|---|
| 5470 | <p>1.: The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Temperton</span>-method |
|---|
| 5471 | from Clive Temperton (ECWMF) which is computationally very fast and |
|---|
| 5472 | switched on with <b>fft_method</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'temperton-algorithm'</span>. |
|---|
| 5473 | The number of horizontal gridpoints (nx+1, ny+1) to be used with this |
|---|
| 5474 | method must be composed of prime factors 2, 3 and 5.<br> |
|---|
| 5475 | |
|---|
| 5476 | |
|---|
| 5477 | |
|---|
| 5478 | |
|---|
| 5479 | |
|---|
| 5480 | |
|---|
| 5481 | </p> |
|---|
| 5482 | |
|---|
| 5483 | |
|---|
| 5484 | |
|---|
| 5485 | |
|---|
| 5486 | |
|---|
| 5487 | |
|---|
| 5488 | |
|---|
| 5489 | 2.: The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Singleton</span>-method |
|---|
| 5490 | which is very slow but has no restrictions concerning the number of |
|---|
| 5491 | gridpoints to be used with, switched on with <b>fft_method</b> |
|---|
| 5492 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'singleton-algorithm'</span>. |
|---|
| 5493 | </td> |
|---|
| 5494 | |
|---|
| 5495 | |
|---|
| 5496 | |
|---|
| 5497 | |
|---|
| 5498 | |
|---|
| 5499 | |
|---|
| 5500 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5501 | |
|---|
| 5502 | |
|---|
| 5503 | |
|---|
| 5504 | |
|---|
| 5505 | |
|---|
| 5506 | |
|---|
| 5507 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5508 | |
|---|
| 5509 | |
|---|
| 5510 | |
|---|
| 5511 | |
|---|
| 5512 | |
|---|
| 5513 | |
|---|
| 5514 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5515 | |
|---|
| 5516 | |
|---|
| 5517 | |
|---|
| 5518 | |
|---|
| 5519 | |
|---|
| 5520 | |
|---|
| 5521 | <p><a name="galilei_transformation"></a><b>galilei_transformation</b></p> |
|---|
| 5522 | |
|---|
| 5523 | |
|---|
| 5524 | |
|---|
| 5525 | |
|---|
| 5526 | |
|---|
| 5527 | |
|---|
| 5528 | |
|---|
| 5529 | </td> |
|---|
| 5530 | |
|---|
| 5531 | |
|---|
| 5532 | |
|---|
| 5533 | |
|---|
| 5534 | |
|---|
| 5535 | |
|---|
| 5536 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 5537 | |
|---|
| 5538 | |
|---|
| 5539 | |
|---|
| 5540 | |
|---|
| 5541 | |
|---|
| 5542 | |
|---|
| 5543 | |
|---|
| 5544 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
|---|
| 5545 | |
|---|
| 5546 | |
|---|
| 5547 | |
|---|
| 5548 | |
|---|
| 5549 | |
|---|
| 5550 | |
|---|
| 5551 | |
|---|
| 5552 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Application of a |
|---|
| 5553 | Galilei-transformation to the |
|---|
| 5554 | coordinate |
|---|
| 5555 | system of the model.<br> |
|---|
| 5556 | |
|---|
| 5557 | |
|---|
| 5558 | |
|---|
| 5559 | |
|---|
| 5560 | |
|---|
| 5561 | |
|---|
| 5562 | |
|---|
| 5563 | |
|---|
| 5564 | |
|---|
| 5565 | |
|---|
| 5566 | |
|---|
| 5567 | |
|---|
| 5568 | <p>With <b>galilei_transformation</b> |
|---|
| 5569 | = <i>.T.,</i> a so-called |
|---|
| 5570 | Galilei-transformation is switched on which ensures that the coordinate |
|---|
| 5571 | system of the model is moved along with the geostrophical wind. |
|---|
| 5572 | Alternatively, the model domain can be moved along with the averaged |
|---|
| 5573 | horizontal wind (see <a href="#use_ug_for_galilei_tr">use_ug_for_galilei_tr</a>, |
|---|
| 5574 | this can and will naturally change in time). With this method, |
|---|
| 5575 | numerical inaccuracies of the Piascek - Williams - scheme (concerns in |
|---|
| 5576 | particular the momentum advection) are minimized. Beyond that, in the |
|---|
| 5577 | majority of cases the lower relative velocities in the moved system |
|---|
| 5578 | permit a larger time step (<a href="#dt">dt</a>). |
|---|
| 5579 | Switching the transformation on is only worthwhile if the geostrophical |
|---|
| 5580 | wind (ug, vg) |
|---|
| 5581 | and the averaged horizontal wind clearly deviate from the value 0. In |
|---|
| 5582 | each case, the distance the coordinate system has been moved is written |
|---|
| 5583 | to the file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>. |
|---|
| 5584 | </p> |
|---|
| 5585 | |
|---|
| 5586 | |
|---|
| 5587 | |
|---|
| 5588 | |
|---|
| 5589 | |
|---|
| 5590 | |
|---|
| 5591 | |
|---|
| 5592 | |
|---|
| 5593 | |
|---|
| 5594 | |
|---|
| 5595 | |
|---|
| 5596 | |
|---|
| 5597 | |
|---|
| 5598 | <p>Non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 5599 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), the specification |
|---|
| 5600 | of a gestrophic |
|---|
| 5601 | wind that is not constant with height |
|---|
| 5602 | as well as e.g. stationary inhomogeneities at the bottom boundary do |
|---|
| 5603 | not allow the use of this transformation.</p> |
|---|
| 5604 | |
|---|
| 5605 | |
|---|
| 5606 | |
|---|
| 5607 | |
|---|
| 5608 | |
|---|
| 5609 | |
|---|
| 5610 | </td> |
|---|
| 5611 | |
|---|
| 5612 | |
|---|
| 5613 | |
|---|
| 5614 | |
|---|
| 5615 | |
|---|
| 5616 | |
|---|
| 5617 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5618 | |
|---|
| 5619 | |
|---|
| 5620 | |
|---|
| 5621 | |
|---|
| 5622 | |
|---|
| 5623 | |
|---|
| 5624 | |
|---|
| 5625 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5626 | |
|---|
| 5627 | |
|---|
| 5628 | |
|---|
| 5629 | |
|---|
| 5630 | |
|---|
| 5631 | |
|---|
| 5632 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5633 | |
|---|
| 5634 | |
|---|
| 5635 | |
|---|
| 5636 | |
|---|
| 5637 | |
|---|
| 5638 | |
|---|
| 5639 | <p><a name="grid_matching"></a><b>grid_matching</b></p> |
|---|
| 5640 | |
|---|
| 5641 | |
|---|
| 5642 | |
|---|
| 5643 | |
|---|
| 5644 | |
|---|
| 5645 | |
|---|
| 5646 | |
|---|
| 5647 | </td> |
|---|
| 5648 | |
|---|
| 5649 | |
|---|
| 5650 | |
|---|
| 5651 | |
|---|
| 5652 | |
|---|
| 5653 | |
|---|
| 5654 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 6</td> |
|---|
| 5655 | |
|---|
| 5656 | |
|---|
| 5657 | |
|---|
| 5658 | |
|---|
| 5659 | |
|---|
| 5660 | |
|---|
| 5661 | |
|---|
| 5662 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'match'</span></td> |
|---|
| 5663 | |
|---|
| 5664 | |
|---|
| 5665 | |
|---|
| 5666 | |
|---|
| 5667 | |
|---|
| 5668 | |
|---|
| 5669 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variable to adjust the |
|---|
| 5670 | subdomain |
|---|
| 5671 | sizes in parallel runs.<br> |
|---|
| 5672 | |
|---|
| 5673 | |
|---|
| 5674 | |
|---|
| 5675 | |
|---|
| 5676 | |
|---|
| 5677 | |
|---|
| 5678 | <br> |
|---|
| 5679 | |
|---|
| 5680 | |
|---|
| 5681 | |
|---|
| 5682 | |
|---|
| 5683 | |
|---|
| 5684 | |
|---|
| 5685 | |
|---|
| 5686 | For <b>grid_matching</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
|---|
| 5687 | the subdomains are forced to have an identical |
|---|
| 5688 | size on all processors. In this case the processor numbers in the |
|---|
| 5689 | respective directions of the virtual processor net must fulfill certain |
|---|
| 5690 | divisor conditions concerning the grid point numbers in the three |
|---|
| 5691 | directions (see <a href="#nx">nx</a>, <a href="#ny">ny</a> |
|---|
| 5692 | and <a href="#nz">nz</a>). |
|---|
| 5693 | Advantage of this method is that all PEs bear the same computational |
|---|
| 5694 | load.<br> |
|---|
| 5695 | |
|---|
| 5696 | |
|---|
| 5697 | |
|---|
| 5698 | |
|---|
| 5699 | |
|---|
| 5700 | |
|---|
| 5701 | <br> |
|---|
| 5702 | |
|---|
| 5703 | |
|---|
| 5704 | |
|---|
| 5705 | |
|---|
| 5706 | |
|---|
| 5707 | |
|---|
| 5708 | |
|---|
| 5709 | There is no such restriction by default, because then smaller |
|---|
| 5710 | subdomains are allowed on those processors which |
|---|
| 5711 | form the right and/or north boundary of the virtual processor grid. On |
|---|
| 5712 | all other processors the subdomains are of same size. Whether smaller |
|---|
| 5713 | subdomains are actually used, depends on the number of processors and |
|---|
| 5714 | the grid point numbers used. Information about the respective settings |
|---|
| 5715 | are given in file <a href="file:///home/raasch/public_html/PALM_group/home/raasch/public_html/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 5716 | |
|---|
| 5717 | |
|---|
| 5718 | |
|---|
| 5719 | |
|---|
| 5720 | |
|---|
| 5721 | |
|---|
| 5722 | |
|---|
| 5723 | <br> |
|---|
| 5724 | |
|---|
| 5725 | |
|---|
| 5726 | |
|---|
| 5727 | |
|---|
| 5728 | |
|---|
| 5729 | |
|---|
| 5730 | |
|---|
| 5731 | When using a multi-grid method for solving the Poisson equation (see <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
|---|
| 5732 | only <b>grid_matching</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span> |
|---|
| 5733 | is allowed.<br> |
|---|
| 5734 | |
|---|
| 5735 | |
|---|
| 5736 | |
|---|
| 5737 | |
|---|
| 5738 | |
|---|
| 5739 | |
|---|
| 5740 | <br> |
|---|
| 5741 | |
|---|
| 5742 | |
|---|
| 5743 | |
|---|
| 5744 | |
|---|
| 5745 | |
|---|
| 5746 | |
|---|
| 5747 | <b>Note:</b><br> |
|---|
| 5748 | |
|---|
| 5749 | |
|---|
| 5750 | |
|---|
| 5751 | |
|---|
| 5752 | |
|---|
| 5753 | |
|---|
| 5754 | |
|---|
| 5755 | In some cases for small processor numbers there may be a very bad load |
|---|
| 5756 | balancing among the |
|---|
| 5757 | processors which may reduce the performance of the code.</td> |
|---|
| 5758 | |
|---|
| 5759 | |
|---|
| 5760 | |
|---|
| 5761 | |
|---|
| 5762 | |
|---|
| 5763 | |
|---|
| 5764 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5765 | |
|---|
| 5766 | |
|---|
| 5767 | |
|---|
| 5768 | |
|---|
| 5769 | |
|---|
| 5770 | |
|---|
| 5771 | |
|---|
| 5772 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="humidity"></a><b>humidity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 5773 | switch on the prognostic equation for specific |
|---|
| 5774 | humidity q.<br> |
|---|
| 5775 | |
|---|
| 5776 | |
|---|
| 5777 | |
|---|
| 5778 | |
|---|
| 5779 | |
|---|
| 5780 | |
|---|
| 5781 | </p> |
|---|
| 5782 | |
|---|
| 5783 | |
|---|
| 5784 | |
|---|
| 5785 | |
|---|
| 5786 | |
|---|
| 5787 | |
|---|
| 5788 | |
|---|
| 5789 | |
|---|
| 5790 | |
|---|
| 5791 | |
|---|
| 5792 | |
|---|
| 5793 | |
|---|
| 5794 | |
|---|
| 5795 | <p>The initial vertical |
|---|
| 5796 | profile of q can be set via parameters <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_surface">q_surface</a>, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 5797 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 5798 | Boundary conditions can be set via <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a> |
|---|
| 5799 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 5800 | |
|---|
| 5801 | |
|---|
| 5802 | |
|---|
| 5803 | |
|---|
| 5804 | |
|---|
| 5805 | |
|---|
| 5806 | |
|---|
| 5807 | </p> |
|---|
| 5808 | |
|---|
| 5809 | |
|---|
| 5810 | |
|---|
| 5811 | |
|---|
| 5812 | |
|---|
| 5813 | |
|---|
| 5814 | |
|---|
| 5815 | If the condensation scheme is switched on (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a> |
|---|
| 5816 | = .TRUE.), q becomes the total liquid water content (sum of specific |
|---|
| 5817 | humidity and liquid water content).</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="inflow_damping_height"></a>inflow_damping_height</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">from precursor run</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Height below which the turbulence signal is used for turbulence recycling (in m).<br><br>In case of a turbulent inflow (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#turbulent_inflow">turbulent_inflow</a>), |
|---|
| 5818 | this parameter defines the vertical thickness of the turbulent layer up |
|---|
| 5819 | to which the turbulence extracted at the recycling plane (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#recycling_width">recycling_width</a>) |
|---|
| 5820 | shall be imposed to the inflow. Above this level the turbulence signal |
|---|
| 5821 | is linearly damped to zero. The transition range within which the |
|---|
| 5822 | signal falls to zero is given by the parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_width">inflow_damping_width</a>.<br><br>By default, this height is set as the height of the convective boundary layer as calculated from a precursor run. See <a href="chapter_3.9.html">chapter 3.9</a> about proper settings for getting this CBL height from a precursor run. </td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="inflow_damping_width"></a>inflow_damping_width</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.1 * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_height">inflow_damping</a></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_height"><br style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">_height</span></a></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Transition range within which the turbulance signal is damped to zero (in m).<br><br>See <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_height">inflow_damping_height</a> for explanation.</td></tr><tr> |
|---|
| 5823 | |
|---|
| 5824 | |
|---|
| 5825 | |
|---|
| 5826 | |
|---|
| 5827 | |
|---|
| 5828 | |
|---|
| 5829 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_begin"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br> |
|---|
| 5830 | |
|---|
| 5831 | |
|---|
| 5832 | |
|---|
| 5833 | |
|---|
| 5834 | |
|---|
| 5835 | |
|---|
| 5836 | |
|---|
| 5837 | begin</b></td> |
|---|
| 5838 | |
|---|
| 5839 | |
|---|
| 5840 | |
|---|
| 5841 | |
|---|
| 5842 | |
|---|
| 5843 | |
|---|
| 5844 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 5845 | |
|---|
| 5846 | |
|---|
| 5847 | |
|---|
| 5848 | |
|---|
| 5849 | |
|---|
| 5850 | |
|---|
| 5851 | |
|---|
| 5852 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(10,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 5853 | |
|---|
| 5854 | |
|---|
| 5855 | |
|---|
| 5856 | |
|---|
| 5857 | |
|---|
| 5858 | |
|---|
| 5859 | <span style="font-style: italic;">nx/2 or ny/2)</span></td> |
|---|
| 5860 | |
|---|
| 5861 | |
|---|
| 5862 | |
|---|
| 5863 | |
|---|
| 5864 | |
|---|
| 5865 | |
|---|
| 5866 | |
|---|
| 5867 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Lower |
|---|
| 5868 | limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are to be |
|---|
| 5869 | imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br> |
|---|
| 5870 | |
|---|
| 5871 | |
|---|
| 5872 | |
|---|
| 5873 | |
|---|
| 5874 | |
|---|
| 5875 | |
|---|
| 5876 | <br> |
|---|
| 5877 | |
|---|
| 5878 | |
|---|
| 5879 | |
|---|
| 5880 | |
|---|
| 5881 | |
|---|
| 5882 | |
|---|
| 5883 | |
|---|
| 5884 | If non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions are used (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 5885 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
|---|
| 5886 | this parameter gives the gridpoint number (counted horizontally from |
|---|
| 5887 | the inflow) from which on perturbations are imposed on the |
|---|
| 5888 | horizontal velocity field. Perturbations must be switched on with |
|---|
| 5889 | parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 5890 | |
|---|
| 5891 | |
|---|
| 5892 | |
|---|
| 5893 | |
|---|
| 5894 | |
|---|
| 5895 | |
|---|
| 5896 | |
|---|
| 5897 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5898 | |
|---|
| 5899 | |
|---|
| 5900 | |
|---|
| 5901 | |
|---|
| 5902 | |
|---|
| 5903 | |
|---|
| 5904 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5905 | |
|---|
| 5906 | |
|---|
| 5907 | |
|---|
| 5908 | |
|---|
| 5909 | |
|---|
| 5910 | |
|---|
| 5911 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_end"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br> |
|---|
| 5912 | |
|---|
| 5913 | |
|---|
| 5914 | |
|---|
| 5915 | |
|---|
| 5916 | |
|---|
| 5917 | |
|---|
| 5918 | |
|---|
| 5919 | end</b></td> |
|---|
| 5920 | |
|---|
| 5921 | |
|---|
| 5922 | |
|---|
| 5923 | |
|---|
| 5924 | |
|---|
| 5925 | |
|---|
| 5926 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 5927 | |
|---|
| 5928 | |
|---|
| 5929 | |
|---|
| 5930 | |
|---|
| 5931 | |
|---|
| 5932 | |
|---|
| 5933 | |
|---|
| 5934 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(100,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 5935 | |
|---|
| 5936 | |
|---|
| 5937 | |
|---|
| 5938 | |
|---|
| 5939 | |
|---|
| 5940 | |
|---|
| 5941 | <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*nx or</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 5942 | |
|---|
| 5943 | |
|---|
| 5944 | |
|---|
| 5945 | |
|---|
| 5946 | |
|---|
| 5947 | |
|---|
| 5948 | <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*ny)</span></td> |
|---|
| 5949 | |
|---|
| 5950 | |
|---|
| 5951 | |
|---|
| 5952 | |
|---|
| 5953 | |
|---|
| 5954 | |
|---|
| 5955 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Upper |
|---|
| 5956 | limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are |
|---|
| 5957 | to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br> |
|---|
| 5958 | |
|---|
| 5959 | |
|---|
| 5960 | |
|---|
| 5961 | |
|---|
| 5962 | |
|---|
| 5963 | |
|---|
| 5964 | <br> |
|---|
| 5965 | |
|---|
| 5966 | |
|---|
| 5967 | |
|---|
| 5968 | |
|---|
| 5969 | |
|---|
| 5970 | |
|---|
| 5971 | |
|---|
| 5972 | If non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions are used (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 5973 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
|---|
| 5974 | this parameter gives the gridpoint number (counted horizontally from |
|---|
| 5975 | the inflow) unto which perturbations are imposed on the |
|---|
| 5976 | horizontal |
|---|
| 5977 | velocity field. Perturbations must be switched on with parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 5978 | |
|---|
| 5979 | |
|---|
| 5980 | |
|---|
| 5981 | |
|---|
| 5982 | |
|---|
| 5983 | |
|---|
| 5984 | |
|---|
| 5985 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5986 | |
|---|
| 5987 | |
|---|
| 5988 | |
|---|
| 5989 | |
|---|
| 5990 | |
|---|
| 5991 | |
|---|
| 5992 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5993 | |
|---|
| 5994 | |
|---|
| 5995 | |
|---|
| 5996 | |
|---|
| 5997 | |
|---|
| 5998 | |
|---|
| 5999 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6000 | |
|---|
| 6001 | |
|---|
| 6002 | |
|---|
| 6003 | |
|---|
| 6004 | |
|---|
| 6005 | |
|---|
| 6006 | <p><a name="initializing_actions"></a><b>initializing_actions</b></p> |
|---|
| 6007 | |
|---|
| 6008 | |
|---|
| 6009 | |
|---|
| 6010 | |
|---|
| 6011 | |
|---|
| 6012 | |
|---|
| 6013 | |
|---|
| 6014 | </td> |
|---|
| 6015 | |
|---|
| 6016 | |
|---|
| 6017 | |
|---|
| 6018 | |
|---|
| 6019 | |
|---|
| 6020 | |
|---|
| 6021 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 100</td> |
|---|
| 6022 | |
|---|
| 6023 | |
|---|
| 6024 | |
|---|
| 6025 | |
|---|
| 6026 | |
|---|
| 6027 | |
|---|
| 6028 | |
|---|
| 6029 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 6030 | |
|---|
| 6031 | |
|---|
| 6032 | |
|---|
| 6033 | |
|---|
| 6034 | |
|---|
| 6035 | |
|---|
| 6036 | </td> |
|---|
| 6037 | |
|---|
| 6038 | |
|---|
| 6039 | |
|---|
| 6040 | |
|---|
| 6041 | |
|---|
| 6042 | |
|---|
| 6043 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6044 | |
|---|
| 6045 | |
|---|
| 6046 | |
|---|
| 6047 | |
|---|
| 6048 | |
|---|
| 6049 | |
|---|
| 6050 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Initialization actions |
|---|
| 6051 | to be carried out. </p> |
|---|
| 6052 | |
|---|
| 6053 | |
|---|
| 6054 | |
|---|
| 6055 | |
|---|
| 6056 | |
|---|
| 6057 | |
|---|
| 6058 | |
|---|
| 6059 | |
|---|
| 6060 | |
|---|
| 6061 | |
|---|
| 6062 | |
|---|
| 6063 | |
|---|
| 6064 | |
|---|
| 6065 | <p style="font-style: normal;">This parameter does not have a |
|---|
| 6066 | default value and therefore must be assigned with each model run. For |
|---|
| 6067 | restart runs <b>initializing_actions</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'read_restart_data'</span> |
|---|
| 6068 | must be set. For the initial run of a job chain the following values |
|---|
| 6069 | are allowed: </p> |
|---|
| 6070 | |
|---|
| 6071 | |
|---|
| 6072 | |
|---|
| 6073 | |
|---|
| 6074 | |
|---|
| 6075 | |
|---|
| 6076 | |
|---|
| 6077 | |
|---|
| 6078 | |
|---|
| 6079 | |
|---|
| 6080 | |
|---|
| 6081 | |
|---|
| 6082 | |
|---|
| 6083 | <p style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span> |
|---|
| 6084 | </p> |
|---|
| 6085 | |
|---|
| 6086 | |
|---|
| 6087 | |
|---|
| 6088 | |
|---|
| 6089 | |
|---|
| 6090 | |
|---|
| 6091 | |
|---|
| 6092 | |
|---|
| 6093 | |
|---|
| 6094 | |
|---|
| 6095 | |
|---|
| 6096 | |
|---|
| 6097 | |
|---|
| 6098 | <ul> |
|---|
| 6099 | |
|---|
| 6100 | |
|---|
| 6101 | |
|---|
| 6102 | |
|---|
| 6103 | |
|---|
| 6104 | |
|---|
| 6105 | |
|---|
| 6106 | |
|---|
| 6107 | |
|---|
| 6108 | |
|---|
| 6109 | |
|---|
| 6110 | |
|---|
| 6111 | |
|---|
| 6112 | <p>A horizontal wind profile consisting |
|---|
| 6113 | of linear sections (see <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 6114 | <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>, |
|---|
| 6115 | <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 6116 | and <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>, <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a>, |
|---|
| 6117 | <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>, |
|---|
| 6118 | respectively) as well as a vertical temperature (humidity) profile |
|---|
| 6119 | consisting of |
|---|
| 6120 | linear sections (see <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 6121 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>, |
|---|
| 6122 | <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a> |
|---|
| 6123 | and <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>) |
|---|
| 6124 | are assumed as initial profiles. The subgrid-scale TKE is set to 0 but K<sub>m</sub> |
|---|
| 6125 | and K<sub>h</sub> are set to very small values because |
|---|
| 6126 | otherwise no TKE |
|---|
| 6127 | would be generated.</p> |
|---|
| 6128 | |
|---|
| 6129 | |
|---|
| 6130 | |
|---|
| 6131 | |
|---|
| 6132 | |
|---|
| 6133 | |
|---|
| 6134 | |
|---|
| 6135 | |
|---|
| 6136 | |
|---|
| 6137 | |
|---|
| 6138 | |
|---|
| 6139 | |
|---|
| 6140 | |
|---|
| 6141 | </ul> |
|---|
| 6142 | |
|---|
| 6143 | |
|---|
| 6144 | |
|---|
| 6145 | |
|---|
| 6146 | |
|---|
| 6147 | |
|---|
| 6148 | |
|---|
| 6149 | |
|---|
| 6150 | |
|---|
| 6151 | |
|---|
| 6152 | |
|---|
| 6153 | |
|---|
| 6154 | |
|---|
| 6155 | <p style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles' </p> |
|---|
| 6156 | |
|---|
| 6157 | |
|---|
| 6158 | |
|---|
| 6159 | |
|---|
| 6160 | |
|---|
| 6161 | |
|---|
| 6162 | |
|---|
| 6163 | |
|---|
| 6164 | |
|---|
| 6165 | |
|---|
| 6166 | |
|---|
| 6167 | |
|---|
| 6168 | |
|---|
| 6169 | <ul> |
|---|
| 6170 | |
|---|
| 6171 | |
|---|
| 6172 | |
|---|
| 6173 | |
|---|
| 6174 | |
|---|
| 6175 | |
|---|
| 6176 | |
|---|
| 6177 | |
|---|
| 6178 | |
|---|
| 6179 | |
|---|
| 6180 | |
|---|
| 6181 | |
|---|
| 6182 | |
|---|
| 6183 | <p>The arrays of the 3d-model are initialized with |
|---|
| 6184 | the |
|---|
| 6185 | (stationary) solution of the 1d-model. These are the variables e, kh, |
|---|
| 6186 | km, u, v and with Prandtl layer switched on rif, us, usws, vsws. The |
|---|
| 6187 | temperature (humidity) profile consisting of linear sections is set as |
|---|
| 6188 | for 'set_constant_profiles' and assumed as constant in time within the |
|---|
| 6189 | 1d-model. For steering of the 1d-model a set of parameters with suffix |
|---|
| 6190 | "_1d" (e.g. <a href="#end_time_1d">end_time_1d</a>, |
|---|
| 6191 | <a href="#damp_level_1d">damp_level_1d</a>) |
|---|
| 6192 | is available.</p> |
|---|
| 6193 | |
|---|
| 6194 | |
|---|
| 6195 | |
|---|
| 6196 | |
|---|
| 6197 | |
|---|
| 6198 | |
|---|
| 6199 | |
|---|
| 6200 | |
|---|
| 6201 | |
|---|
| 6202 | |
|---|
| 6203 | |
|---|
| 6204 | |
|---|
| 6205 | |
|---|
| 6206 | </ul> |
|---|
| 6207 | |
|---|
| 6208 | |
|---|
| 6209 | |
|---|
| 6210 | |
|---|
| 6211 | |
|---|
| 6212 | |
|---|
| 6213 | |
|---|
| 6214 | |
|---|
| 6215 | |
|---|
| 6216 | |
|---|
| 6217 | |
|---|
| 6218 | |
|---|
| 6219 | |
|---|
| 6220 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'by_user'</span></p> |
|---|
| 6221 | |
|---|
| 6222 | |
|---|
| 6223 | |
|---|
| 6224 | |
|---|
| 6225 | |
|---|
| 6226 | |
|---|
| 6227 | |
|---|
| 6228 | |
|---|
| 6229 | |
|---|
| 6230 | |
|---|
| 6231 | |
|---|
| 6232 | |
|---|
| 6233 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">The initialization of the arrays |
|---|
| 6234 | of the 3d-model is under complete control of the user and has to be |
|---|
| 6235 | done in routine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_3d_model">user_init_3d_model</a> |
|---|
| 6236 | of the user-interface.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span></p> |
|---|
| 6237 | |
|---|
| 6238 | |
|---|
| 6239 | |
|---|
| 6240 | |
|---|
| 6241 | |
|---|
| 6242 | |
|---|
| 6243 | |
|---|
| 6244 | |
|---|
| 6245 | |
|---|
| 6246 | |
|---|
| 6247 | |
|---|
| 6248 | |
|---|
| 6249 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_vortex'</span> |
|---|
| 6250 | </p> |
|---|
| 6251 | |
|---|
| 6252 | |
|---|
| 6253 | |
|---|
| 6254 | |
|---|
| 6255 | |
|---|
| 6256 | |
|---|
| 6257 | |
|---|
| 6258 | |
|---|
| 6259 | |
|---|
| 6260 | |
|---|
| 6261 | |
|---|
| 6262 | |
|---|
| 6263 | |
|---|
| 6264 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The initial |
|---|
| 6265 | velocity field of the |
|---|
| 6266 | 3d-model corresponds to a |
|---|
| 6267 | Rankine-vortex with vertical axis. This setting may be used to test |
|---|
| 6268 | advection schemes. Free-slip boundary conditions for u and v (see <a href="#bc_uv_b">bc_uv_b</a>, <a href="#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>) |
|---|
| 6269 | are necessary. In order not to distort the vortex, an initial |
|---|
| 6270 | horizontal wind profile constant |
|---|
| 6271 | with height is necessary (to be set by <b>initializing_actions</b> |
|---|
| 6272 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>) |
|---|
| 6273 | and some other conditions have to be met (neutral stratification, |
|---|
| 6274 | diffusion must be |
|---|
| 6275 | switched off, see <a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a>). |
|---|
| 6276 | The center of the vortex is located at jc = (nx+1)/2. It |
|---|
| 6277 | extends from k = 0 to k = nz+1. Its radius is 8 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 6278 | and the exponentially decaying part ranges to 32 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 6279 | (see init_rankine.f90). </div> |
|---|
| 6280 | |
|---|
| 6281 | |
|---|
| 6282 | |
|---|
| 6283 | |
|---|
| 6284 | |
|---|
| 6285 | |
|---|
| 6286 | |
|---|
| 6287 | |
|---|
| 6288 | |
|---|
| 6289 | |
|---|
| 6290 | |
|---|
| 6291 | |
|---|
| 6292 | |
|---|
| 6293 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_ptanom'</span> |
|---|
| 6294 | </p> |
|---|
| 6295 | |
|---|
| 6296 | |
|---|
| 6297 | |
|---|
| 6298 | |
|---|
| 6299 | |
|---|
| 6300 | |
|---|
| 6301 | |
|---|
| 6302 | |
|---|
| 6303 | |
|---|
| 6304 | |
|---|
| 6305 | |
|---|
| 6306 | |
|---|
| 6307 | |
|---|
| 6308 | <ul> |
|---|
| 6309 | |
|---|
| 6310 | |
|---|
| 6311 | |
|---|
| 6312 | |
|---|
| 6313 | |
|---|
| 6314 | |
|---|
| 6315 | |
|---|
| 6316 | |
|---|
| 6317 | |
|---|
| 6318 | |
|---|
| 6319 | |
|---|
| 6320 | |
|---|
| 6321 | |
|---|
| 6322 | <p>A 2d-Gauss-like shape disturbance |
|---|
| 6323 | (x,y) is added to the |
|---|
| 6324 | initial temperature field with radius 10.0 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 6325 | and center at jc = (nx+1)/2. This may be used for tests of scalar |
|---|
| 6326 | advection schemes |
|---|
| 6327 | (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>). |
|---|
| 6328 | Such tests require a horizontal wind profile constant with hight and |
|---|
| 6329 | diffusion |
|---|
| 6330 | switched off (see <span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_vortex'</span>). |
|---|
| 6331 | Additionally, the buoyancy term |
|---|
| 6332 | must be switched of in the equation of motion for w (this |
|---|
| 6333 | requires the user to comment out the call of <span style="font-family: monospace;">buoyancy</span> in the |
|---|
| 6334 | source code of <span style="font-family: monospace;">prognostic_equations.f90</span>).</p></ul> |
|---|
| 6335 | |
|---|
| 6336 | |
|---|
| 6337 | |
|---|
| 6338 | |
|---|
| 6339 | |
|---|
| 6340 | |
|---|
| 6341 | |
|---|
| 6342 | |
|---|
| 6343 | |
|---|
| 6344 | |
|---|
| 6345 | |
|---|
| 6346 | |
|---|
| 6347 | |
|---|
| 6348 | <p style="font-style: italic;">'read_data_for_recycling'</p><p style="font-style: normal; margin-left: 40px;">Here, |
|---|
| 6349 | 3d-data from a precursor run are read by the initial (main) run. The |
|---|
| 6350 | precursor run is allowed to have a smaller domain along x and y |
|---|
| 6351 | compared with the main run. Also, different numbers of processors can |
|---|
| 6352 | be used for these two runs. Limitations are that the precursor run must |
|---|
| 6353 | use cyclic horizontal boundary conditions and that the subdomains of |
|---|
| 6354 | the main run must not be larger than the subdomains of the precursor |
|---|
| 6355 | run. If the total domain of the main run is larger than that of the precursor |
|---|
| 6356 | run, the domain is filled by cyclic repetition of the (cyclic) |
|---|
| 6357 | precursor data. This initialization method is recommended if a |
|---|
| 6358 | turbulent inflow is used (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#turbulent_inflow">turbulent_inflow</a>). 3d-data must be made available to the run by activating an appropriate file connection statement for local file BININ. See <a href="chapter_3.9.html">chapter 3.9</a> for more details, where usage of a turbulent inflow is explained. </p><p style="font-style: normal;">Values may be |
|---|
| 6359 | combined, e.g. <b>initializing_actions</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles |
|---|
| 6360 | initialize_vortex'</span>, but the values of <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>, |
|---|
| 6361 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span> |
|---|
| 6362 | , and <span style="font-style: italic;">'by_user'</span> |
|---|
| 6363 | must not be given at the same time.</p> |
|---|
| 6364 | |
|---|
| 6365 | |
|---|
| 6366 | |
|---|
| 6367 | |
|---|
| 6368 | |
|---|
| 6369 | |
|---|
| 6370 | |
|---|
| 6371 | |
|---|
| 6372 | |
|---|
| 6373 | |
|---|
| 6374 | |
|---|
| 6375 | |
|---|
| 6376 | |
|---|
| 6377 | |
|---|
| 6378 | |
|---|
| 6379 | |
|---|
| 6380 | |
|---|
| 6381 | |
|---|
| 6382 | |
|---|
| 6383 | |
|---|
| 6384 | </td> |
|---|
| 6385 | |
|---|
| 6386 | |
|---|
| 6387 | |
|---|
| 6388 | |
|---|
| 6389 | |
|---|
| 6390 | |
|---|
| 6391 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6392 | |
|---|
| 6393 | |
|---|
| 6394 | |
|---|
| 6395 | |
|---|
| 6396 | |
|---|
| 6397 | |
|---|
| 6398 | |
|---|
| 6399 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6400 | |
|---|
| 6401 | |
|---|
| 6402 | |
|---|
| 6403 | |
|---|
| 6404 | |
|---|
| 6405 | |
|---|
| 6406 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6407 | |
|---|
| 6408 | |
|---|
| 6409 | |
|---|
| 6410 | |
|---|
| 6411 | |
|---|
| 6412 | |
|---|
| 6413 | <p><a name="km_constant"></a><b>km_constant</b></p> |
|---|
| 6414 | |
|---|
| 6415 | |
|---|
| 6416 | |
|---|
| 6417 | |
|---|
| 6418 | |
|---|
| 6419 | |
|---|
| 6420 | |
|---|
| 6421 | </td> |
|---|
| 6422 | |
|---|
| 6423 | |
|---|
| 6424 | |
|---|
| 6425 | |
|---|
| 6426 | |
|---|
| 6427 | |
|---|
| 6428 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6429 | |
|---|
| 6430 | |
|---|
| 6431 | |
|---|
| 6432 | |
|---|
| 6433 | |
|---|
| 6434 | |
|---|
| 6435 | |
|---|
| 6436 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>variable<br> |
|---|
| 6437 | |
|---|
| 6438 | |
|---|
| 6439 | |
|---|
| 6440 | |
|---|
| 6441 | |
|---|
| 6442 | |
|---|
| 6443 | |
|---|
| 6444 | (computed from TKE)</i></td> |
|---|
| 6445 | |
|---|
| 6446 | |
|---|
| 6447 | |
|---|
| 6448 | |
|---|
| 6449 | |
|---|
| 6450 | |
|---|
| 6451 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6452 | |
|---|
| 6453 | |
|---|
| 6454 | |
|---|
| 6455 | |
|---|
| 6456 | |
|---|
| 6457 | |
|---|
| 6458 | <p>Constant eddy |
|---|
| 6459 | diffusivities are used (laminar |
|---|
| 6460 | simulations). </p> |
|---|
| 6461 | |
|---|
| 6462 | |
|---|
| 6463 | |
|---|
| 6464 | |
|---|
| 6465 | |
|---|
| 6466 | |
|---|
| 6467 | |
|---|
| 6468 | |
|---|
| 6469 | |
|---|
| 6470 | |
|---|
| 6471 | |
|---|
| 6472 | |
|---|
| 6473 | |
|---|
| 6474 | <p>If this parameter is |
|---|
| 6475 | specified, both in the 1d and in the |
|---|
| 6476 | 3d-model constant values for the eddy diffusivities are used in |
|---|
| 6477 | space and time with K<sub>m</sub> = <b>km_constant</b> |
|---|
| 6478 | and K<sub>h</sub> = K<sub>m</sub> / <a href="chapter_4.2.html#prandtl_number">prandtl_number</a>. |
|---|
| 6479 | The prognostic equation for the subgrid-scale TKE is switched off. |
|---|
| 6480 | Constant eddy diffusivities are only allowed with the Prandtl layer (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>) |
|---|
| 6481 | switched off.</p> |
|---|
| 6482 | |
|---|
| 6483 | |
|---|
| 6484 | |
|---|
| 6485 | |
|---|
| 6486 | |
|---|
| 6487 | |
|---|
| 6488 | </td> |
|---|
| 6489 | |
|---|
| 6490 | |
|---|
| 6491 | |
|---|
| 6492 | |
|---|
| 6493 | |
|---|
| 6494 | |
|---|
| 6495 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6496 | |
|---|
| 6497 | |
|---|
| 6498 | |
|---|
| 6499 | |
|---|
| 6500 | |
|---|
| 6501 | |
|---|
| 6502 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6503 | |
|---|
| 6504 | |
|---|
| 6505 | |
|---|
| 6506 | |
|---|
| 6507 | |
|---|
| 6508 | |
|---|
| 6509 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6510 | |
|---|
| 6511 | |
|---|
| 6512 | |
|---|
| 6513 | |
|---|
| 6514 | |
|---|
| 6515 | |
|---|
| 6516 | <p><a name="km_damp_max"></a><b>km_damp_max</b></p> |
|---|
| 6517 | |
|---|
| 6518 | |
|---|
| 6519 | |
|---|
| 6520 | |
|---|
| 6521 | |
|---|
| 6522 | |
|---|
| 6523 | |
|---|
| 6524 | </td> |
|---|
| 6525 | |
|---|
| 6526 | |
|---|
| 6527 | |
|---|
| 6528 | |
|---|
| 6529 | |
|---|
| 6530 | |
|---|
| 6531 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6532 | |
|---|
| 6533 | |
|---|
| 6534 | |
|---|
| 6535 | |
|---|
| 6536 | |
|---|
| 6537 | |
|---|
| 6538 | |
|---|
| 6539 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.5*(dx |
|---|
| 6540 | or dy)</span></td> |
|---|
| 6541 | |
|---|
| 6542 | |
|---|
| 6543 | |
|---|
| 6544 | |
|---|
| 6545 | |
|---|
| 6546 | |
|---|
| 6547 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum |
|---|
| 6548 | diffusivity used for filtering the velocity field in the vicinity of |
|---|
| 6549 | the outflow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).<br> |
|---|
| 6550 | |
|---|
| 6551 | |
|---|
| 6552 | |
|---|
| 6553 | |
|---|
| 6554 | |
|---|
| 6555 | |
|---|
| 6556 | <br> |
|---|
| 6557 | |
|---|
| 6558 | |
|---|
| 6559 | |
|---|
| 6560 | |
|---|
| 6561 | |
|---|
| 6562 | |
|---|
| 6563 | |
|---|
| 6564 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 6565 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
|---|
| 6566 | a smoothing has to be applied to the |
|---|
| 6567 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
|---|
| 6568 | reflections of outgoing disturbances. Smoothing is done by increasing |
|---|
| 6569 | the eddy diffusivity along the horizontal direction which is |
|---|
| 6570 | perpendicular to the outflow boundary. Only velocity components |
|---|
| 6571 | parallel to the outflow boundary are filtered (e.g. v and w, if the |
|---|
| 6572 | outflow is along x). Damping is applied from the bottom to the top of |
|---|
| 6573 | the domain.<br> |
|---|
| 6574 | |
|---|
| 6575 | |
|---|
| 6576 | |
|---|
| 6577 | |
|---|
| 6578 | |
|---|
| 6579 | |
|---|
| 6580 | <br> |
|---|
| 6581 | |
|---|
| 6582 | |
|---|
| 6583 | |
|---|
| 6584 | |
|---|
| 6585 | |
|---|
| 6586 | |
|---|
| 6587 | |
|---|
| 6588 | The horizontal range of the smoothing is controlled by <a href="#outflow_damping_width">outflow_damping_width</a> |
|---|
| 6589 | which defines the number of gridpoints (counted from the outflow |
|---|
| 6590 | boundary) from where on the smoothing is applied. Starting from that |
|---|
| 6591 | point, the eddy diffusivity is linearly increased (from zero to its |
|---|
| 6592 | maximum value given by <span style="font-weight: bold;">km_damp_max</span>) |
|---|
| 6593 | until half of the damping range width, from where it remains constant |
|---|
| 6594 | up to the outflow boundary. If at a certain grid point the eddy |
|---|
| 6595 | diffusivity calculated from the flow field is larger than as described |
|---|
| 6596 | above, it is used instead.<br> |
|---|
| 6597 | |
|---|
| 6598 | |
|---|
| 6599 | |
|---|
| 6600 | |
|---|
| 6601 | |
|---|
| 6602 | |
|---|
| 6603 | <br> |
|---|
| 6604 | |
|---|
| 6605 | |
|---|
| 6606 | |
|---|
| 6607 | |
|---|
| 6608 | |
|---|
| 6609 | |
|---|
| 6610 | |
|---|
| 6611 | The default value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">km_damp_max</span> |
|---|
| 6612 | has been empirically proven to be sufficient.</td> |
|---|
| 6613 | |
|---|
| 6614 | |
|---|
| 6615 | |
|---|
| 6616 | |
|---|
| 6617 | |
|---|
| 6618 | |
|---|
| 6619 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6620 | |
|---|
| 6621 | |
|---|
| 6622 | |
|---|
| 6623 | |
|---|
| 6624 | |
|---|
| 6625 | |
|---|
| 6626 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6627 | |
|---|
| 6628 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="lad_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">lad_surface</span></td> |
|---|
| 6629 | |
|---|
| 6630 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6631 | |
|---|
| 6632 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 6633 | |
|---|
| 6634 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Surface value of the leaf area density (in m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>).<br> |
|---|
| 6635 | |
|---|
| 6636 | <br> |
|---|
| 6637 | |
|---|
| 6638 | This |
|---|
| 6639 | parameter assigns the value of the leaf area density <span style="font-weight: bold;">lad</span> at the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, |
|---|
| 6640 | the leaf area density profile is constructed with <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 6641 | and <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level |
|---|
| 6642 | </a>.</td> |
|---|
| 6643 | |
|---|
| 6644 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6645 | |
|---|
| 6646 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6647 | |
|---|
| 6648 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="lad_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">lad_vertical_gradient</span></td> |
|---|
| 6649 | |
|---|
| 6650 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 6651 | |
|---|
| 6652 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 6653 | |
|---|
| 6654 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the leaf area density (in m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>4</sup>).<br> |
|---|
| 6655 | |
|---|
| 6656 | <br> |
|---|
| 6657 | |
|---|
| 6658 | |
|---|
| 6659 | <p>This leaf area density gradient |
|---|
| 6660 | holds starting from the height |
|---|
| 6661 | level defined by <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 6662 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) > lad_vertical_gradient_level, lad(k) is set: lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>lad_vertical_gradient</b>) |
|---|
| 6663 | up to the level defined by <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. Above that level lad(k) will automatically set to 0.0. A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
|---|
| 6664 | if <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 6665 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The leaf area density at the surface is |
|---|
| 6666 | assigned via <a href="#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 6667 | </p> |
|---|
| 6668 | |
|---|
| 6669 | </td> |
|---|
| 6670 | |
|---|
| 6671 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6672 | |
|---|
| 6673 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6674 | |
|---|
| 6675 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="lad_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">lad_vertical_gradient_level</span></td> |
|---|
| 6676 | |
|---|
| 6677 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 6678 | |
|---|
| 6679 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 6680 | |
|---|
| 6681 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the gradient |
|---|
| 6682 | of the leaf area density defined by <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 6683 | is effective (in m).<br> |
|---|
| 6684 | |
|---|
| 6685 | <br> |
|---|
| 6686 | |
|---|
| 6687 | The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. The |
|---|
| 6688 | default values result in a leaf area density that is constant with height uup to the top of the plant canopy layer defined by <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. For the piecewise construction of temperature profiles see <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 6689 | |
|---|
| 6690 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6691 | |
|---|
| 6692 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6693 | |
|---|
| 6694 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="leaf_surface_concentration"></a><b>leaf_surface_concentration</b></td> |
|---|
| 6695 | |
|---|
| 6696 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6697 | |
|---|
| 6698 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 6699 | |
|---|
| 6700 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Concentration of a passive scalar at the surface of a leaf (in K m/s).<br> |
|---|
| 6701 | |
|---|
| 6702 | |
|---|
| 6703 | <br> |
|---|
| 6704 | |
|---|
| 6705 | |
|---|
| 6706 | This parameter is only of importance in cases in that both, <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> and <a href="#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>, are set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>. |
|---|
| 6707 | The value of the concentration of a passive scalar at the surface of a |
|---|
| 6708 | leaf is required for the parametrisation of the sources and sinks of |
|---|
| 6709 | scalar concentration due to the canopy.</td> |
|---|
| 6710 | |
|---|
| 6711 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6712 | |
|---|
| 6713 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6714 | |
|---|
| 6715 | |
|---|
| 6716 | |
|---|
| 6717 | |
|---|
| 6718 | |
|---|
| 6719 | |
|---|
| 6720 | |
|---|
| 6721 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6722 | |
|---|
| 6723 | |
|---|
| 6724 | |
|---|
| 6725 | |
|---|
| 6726 | |
|---|
| 6727 | |
|---|
| 6728 | <p><a name="long_filter_factor"></a><b>long_filter_factor</b></p> |
|---|
| 6729 | |
|---|
| 6730 | |
|---|
| 6731 | |
|---|
| 6732 | |
|---|
| 6733 | |
|---|
| 6734 | |
|---|
| 6735 | |
|---|
| 6736 | </td> |
|---|
| 6737 | |
|---|
| 6738 | |
|---|
| 6739 | |
|---|
| 6740 | |
|---|
| 6741 | |
|---|
| 6742 | |
|---|
| 6743 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6744 | |
|---|
| 6745 | |
|---|
| 6746 | |
|---|
| 6747 | |
|---|
| 6748 | |
|---|
| 6749 | |
|---|
| 6750 | |
|---|
| 6751 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 6752 | |
|---|
| 6753 | |
|---|
| 6754 | |
|---|
| 6755 | |
|---|
| 6756 | |
|---|
| 6757 | |
|---|
| 6758 | |
|---|
| 6759 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6760 | |
|---|
| 6761 | |
|---|
| 6762 | |
|---|
| 6763 | |
|---|
| 6764 | |
|---|
| 6765 | |
|---|
| 6766 | <p>Filter factor |
|---|
| 6767 | for the so-called Long-filter.<br> |
|---|
| 6768 | |
|---|
| 6769 | |
|---|
| 6770 | |
|---|
| 6771 | |
|---|
| 6772 | |
|---|
| 6773 | |
|---|
| 6774 | </p> |
|---|
| 6775 | |
|---|
| 6776 | |
|---|
| 6777 | |
|---|
| 6778 | |
|---|
| 6779 | |
|---|
| 6780 | |
|---|
| 6781 | |
|---|
| 6782 | |
|---|
| 6783 | |
|---|
| 6784 | |
|---|
| 6785 | |
|---|
| 6786 | |
|---|
| 6787 | |
|---|
| 6788 | <p><br> |
|---|
| 6789 | |
|---|
| 6790 | |
|---|
| 6791 | |
|---|
| 6792 | |
|---|
| 6793 | |
|---|
| 6794 | |
|---|
| 6795 | |
|---|
| 6796 | This filter very efficiently |
|---|
| 6797 | eliminates 2-delta-waves sometimes cauesed by the upstream-spline |
|---|
| 6798 | scheme (see Mahrer and |
|---|
| 6799 | Pielke, 1978: Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830). It works in all three |
|---|
| 6800 | directions in space. A value of <b>long_filter_factor</b> |
|---|
| 6801 | = <i>0.01</i> |
|---|
| 6802 | sufficiently removes the small-scale waves without affecting the |
|---|
| 6803 | longer waves.<br> |
|---|
| 6804 | |
|---|
| 6805 | |
|---|
| 6806 | |
|---|
| 6807 | |
|---|
| 6808 | |
|---|
| 6809 | |
|---|
| 6810 | </p> |
|---|
| 6811 | |
|---|
| 6812 | |
|---|
| 6813 | |
|---|
| 6814 | |
|---|
| 6815 | |
|---|
| 6816 | |
|---|
| 6817 | |
|---|
| 6818 | |
|---|
| 6819 | |
|---|
| 6820 | |
|---|
| 6821 | |
|---|
| 6822 | |
|---|
| 6823 | |
|---|
| 6824 | <p>By default, the filter is |
|---|
| 6825 | switched off (= <i>0.0</i>). |
|---|
| 6826 | It is exclusively applied to the tendencies calculated by the |
|---|
| 6827 | upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
|---|
| 6828 | and <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>), |
|---|
| 6829 | not to the prognostic variables themselves. At the bottom and top |
|---|
| 6830 | boundary of the model domain the filter effect for vertical |
|---|
| 6831 | 2-delta-waves is reduced. There, the amplitude of these waves is only |
|---|
| 6832 | reduced by approx. 50%, otherwise by nearly 100%. <br> |
|---|
| 6833 | |
|---|
| 6834 | |
|---|
| 6835 | |
|---|
| 6836 | |
|---|
| 6837 | |
|---|
| 6838 | |
|---|
| 6839 | |
|---|
| 6840 | Filter factors with values > <i>0.01</i> also |
|---|
| 6841 | reduce the amplitudes |
|---|
| 6842 | of waves with wavelengths longer than 2-delta (see the paper by Mahrer |
|---|
| 6843 | and |
|---|
| 6844 | Pielke, quoted above). </p> |
|---|
| 6845 | |
|---|
| 6846 | |
|---|
| 6847 | |
|---|
| 6848 | |
|---|
| 6849 | |
|---|
| 6850 | |
|---|
| 6851 | </td> |
|---|
| 6852 | |
|---|
| 6853 | |
|---|
| 6854 | |
|---|
| 6855 | |
|---|
| 6856 | |
|---|
| 6857 | |
|---|
| 6858 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6859 | |
|---|
| 6860 | |
|---|
| 6861 | |
|---|
| 6862 | |
|---|
| 6863 | |
|---|
| 6864 | |
|---|
| 6865 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6866 | |
|---|
| 6867 | |
|---|
| 6868 | |
|---|
| 6869 | |
|---|
| 6870 | |
|---|
| 6871 | |
|---|
| 6872 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="loop_optimization"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span></td> |
|---|
| 6873 | |
|---|
| 6874 | |
|---|
| 6875 | |
|---|
| 6876 | |
|---|
| 6877 | |
|---|
| 6878 | |
|---|
| 6879 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*16</td> |
|---|
| 6880 | |
|---|
| 6881 | |
|---|
| 6882 | |
|---|
| 6883 | |
|---|
| 6884 | |
|---|
| 6885 | |
|---|
| 6886 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">see right</span></td> |
|---|
| 6887 | |
|---|
| 6888 | |
|---|
| 6889 | |
|---|
| 6890 | |
|---|
| 6891 | |
|---|
| 6892 | |
|---|
| 6893 | <td>Method used to optimize loops for solving the prognostic equations .<br> |
|---|
| 6894 | |
|---|
| 6895 | |
|---|
| 6896 | |
|---|
| 6897 | |
|---|
| 6898 | |
|---|
| 6899 | |
|---|
| 6900 | <br> |
|---|
| 6901 | |
|---|
| 6902 | |
|---|
| 6903 | |
|---|
| 6904 | |
|---|
| 6905 | |
|---|
| 6906 | |
|---|
| 6907 | By |
|---|
| 6908 | default, the optimization method depends on the host on which PALM is |
|---|
| 6909 | running. On machines with vector-type CPUs, single 3d-loops are used to |
|---|
| 6910 | calculate each tendency term of each prognostic equation, while on all |
|---|
| 6911 | other machines, all prognostic equations are solved within one big loop |
|---|
| 6912 | over the two horizontal indices<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> i </span>and<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> j </span>(giving a good cache uitilization).<br> |
|---|
| 6913 | |
|---|
| 6914 | |
|---|
| 6915 | |
|---|
| 6916 | |
|---|
| 6917 | |
|---|
| 6918 | |
|---|
| 6919 | <br> |
|---|
| 6920 | |
|---|
| 6921 | |
|---|
| 6922 | |
|---|
| 6923 | |
|---|
| 6924 | |
|---|
| 6925 | |
|---|
| 6926 | The default behaviour can be changed by setting either <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'vector'</span> or <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cache'</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 6927 | |
|---|
| 6928 | |
|---|
| 6929 | |
|---|
| 6930 | |
|---|
| 6931 | |
|---|
| 6932 | |
|---|
| 6933 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6934 | |
|---|
| 6935 | |
|---|
| 6936 | |
|---|
| 6937 | |
|---|
| 6938 | |
|---|
| 6939 | |
|---|
| 6940 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6941 | |
|---|
| 6942 | |
|---|
| 6943 | |
|---|
| 6944 | |
|---|
| 6945 | |
|---|
| 6946 | |
|---|
| 6947 | |
|---|
| 6948 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="mixing_length_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span><br> |
|---|
| 6949 | |
|---|
| 6950 | |
|---|
| 6951 | |
|---|
| 6952 | |
|---|
| 6953 | |
|---|
| 6954 | |
|---|
| 6955 | |
|---|
| 6956 | </td> |
|---|
| 6957 | |
|---|
| 6958 | |
|---|
| 6959 | |
|---|
| 6960 | |
|---|
| 6961 | |
|---|
| 6962 | |
|---|
| 6963 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
|---|
| 6964 | |
|---|
| 6965 | |
|---|
| 6966 | |
|---|
| 6967 | |
|---|
| 6968 | |
|---|
| 6969 | |
|---|
| 6970 | |
|---|
| 6971 | </td> |
|---|
| 6972 | |
|---|
| 6973 | |
|---|
| 6974 | |
|---|
| 6975 | |
|---|
| 6976 | |
|---|
| 6977 | |
|---|
| 6978 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 6979 | |
|---|
| 6980 | |
|---|
| 6981 | |
|---|
| 6982 | |
|---|
| 6983 | |
|---|
| 6984 | |
|---|
| 6985 | <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br> |
|---|
| 6986 | |
|---|
| 6987 | |
|---|
| 6988 | |
|---|
| 6989 | |
|---|
| 6990 | |
|---|
| 6991 | |
|---|
| 6992 | </td> |
|---|
| 6993 | |
|---|
| 6994 | |
|---|
| 6995 | |
|---|
| 6996 | |
|---|
| 6997 | |
|---|
| 6998 | |
|---|
| 6999 | |
|---|
| 7000 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Mixing length used in the |
|---|
| 7001 | 1d-model.<br> |
|---|
| 7002 | |
|---|
| 7003 | |
|---|
| 7004 | |
|---|
| 7005 | |
|---|
| 7006 | |
|---|
| 7007 | |
|---|
| 7008 | <br> |
|---|
| 7009 | |
|---|
| 7010 | |
|---|
| 7011 | |
|---|
| 7012 | |
|---|
| 7013 | |
|---|
| 7014 | |
|---|
| 7015 | |
|---|
| 7016 | By default the mixing length is calculated as in the 3d-model (i.e. it |
|---|
| 7017 | depends on the grid spacing).<br> |
|---|
| 7018 | |
|---|
| 7019 | |
|---|
| 7020 | |
|---|
| 7021 | |
|---|
| 7022 | |
|---|
| 7023 | |
|---|
| 7024 | <br> |
|---|
| 7025 | |
|---|
| 7026 | |
|---|
| 7027 | |
|---|
| 7028 | |
|---|
| 7029 | |
|---|
| 7030 | |
|---|
| 7031 | |
|---|
| 7032 | By setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span> |
|---|
| 7033 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'blackadar'</span>, |
|---|
| 7034 | the so-called Blackadar mixing length is used (l = kappa * z / ( 1 + |
|---|
| 7035 | kappa * z / lambda ) with the limiting value lambda = 2.7E-4 * u_g / f).<br> |
|---|
| 7036 | |
|---|
| 7037 | |
|---|
| 7038 | |
|---|
| 7039 | |
|---|
| 7040 | |
|---|
| 7041 | |
|---|
| 7042 | |
|---|
| 7043 | </td> |
|---|
| 7044 | |
|---|
| 7045 | |
|---|
| 7046 | |
|---|
| 7047 | |
|---|
| 7048 | |
|---|
| 7049 | |
|---|
| 7050 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7051 | |
|---|
| 7052 | |
|---|
| 7053 | |
|---|
| 7054 | |
|---|
| 7055 | |
|---|
| 7056 | |
|---|
| 7057 | |
|---|
| 7058 | |
|---|
| 7059 | |
|---|
| 7060 | |
|---|
| 7061 | |
|---|
| 7062 | |
|---|
| 7063 | |
|---|
| 7064 | |
|---|
| 7065 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7066 | |
|---|
| 7067 | |
|---|
| 7068 | |
|---|
| 7069 | |
|---|
| 7070 | |
|---|
| 7071 | |
|---|
| 7072 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7073 | |
|---|
| 7074 | |
|---|
| 7075 | |
|---|
| 7076 | |
|---|
| 7077 | |
|---|
| 7078 | |
|---|
| 7079 | <p><a name="momentum_advec"></a><b>momentum_advec</b></p> |
|---|
| 7080 | |
|---|
| 7081 | |
|---|
| 7082 | |
|---|
| 7083 | |
|---|
| 7084 | |
|---|
| 7085 | |
|---|
| 7086 | |
|---|
| 7087 | </td> |
|---|
| 7088 | |
|---|
| 7089 | |
|---|
| 7090 | |
|---|
| 7091 | |
|---|
| 7092 | |
|---|
| 7093 | |
|---|
| 7094 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td> |
|---|
| 7095 | |
|---|
| 7096 | |
|---|
| 7097 | |
|---|
| 7098 | |
|---|
| 7099 | |
|---|
| 7100 | |
|---|
| 7101 | |
|---|
| 7102 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'pw-scheme'</i></td> |
|---|
| 7103 | |
|---|
| 7104 | |
|---|
| 7105 | |
|---|
| 7106 | |
|---|
| 7107 | |
|---|
| 7108 | |
|---|
| 7109 | |
|---|
| 7110 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7111 | |
|---|
| 7112 | |
|---|
| 7113 | |
|---|
| 7114 | |
|---|
| 7115 | |
|---|
| 7116 | |
|---|
| 7117 | <p>Advection |
|---|
| 7118 | scheme to be used for the momentum equations.<br> |
|---|
| 7119 | |
|---|
| 7120 | |
|---|
| 7121 | |
|---|
| 7122 | |
|---|
| 7123 | |
|---|
| 7124 | |
|---|
| 7125 | <br> |
|---|
| 7126 | |
|---|
| 7127 | |
|---|
| 7128 | |
|---|
| 7129 | |
|---|
| 7130 | |
|---|
| 7131 | |
|---|
| 7132 | |
|---|
| 7133 | The user can choose between the following schemes:<br> |
|---|
| 7134 | |
|---|
| 7135 | |
|---|
| 7136 | |
|---|
| 7137 | |
|---|
| 7138 | |
|---|
| 7139 | |
|---|
| 7140 | |
|---|
| 7141 | <br> |
|---|
| 7142 | |
|---|
| 7143 | |
|---|
| 7144 | |
|---|
| 7145 | |
|---|
| 7146 | |
|---|
| 7147 | |
|---|
| 7148 | <br> |
|---|
| 7149 | |
|---|
| 7150 | |
|---|
| 7151 | |
|---|
| 7152 | |
|---|
| 7153 | |
|---|
| 7154 | |
|---|
| 7155 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'pw-scheme'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7156 | |
|---|
| 7157 | |
|---|
| 7158 | |
|---|
| 7159 | |
|---|
| 7160 | |
|---|
| 7161 | |
|---|
| 7162 | |
|---|
| 7163 | </p> |
|---|
| 7164 | |
|---|
| 7165 | |
|---|
| 7166 | |
|---|
| 7167 | |
|---|
| 7168 | |
|---|
| 7169 | |
|---|
| 7170 | |
|---|
| 7171 | |
|---|
| 7172 | |
|---|
| 7173 | |
|---|
| 7174 | |
|---|
| 7175 | |
|---|
| 7176 | |
|---|
| 7177 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The scheme of |
|---|
| 7178 | Piascek and |
|---|
| 7179 | Williams (1970, J. Comp. Phys., 6, |
|---|
| 7180 | 392-405) with central differences in the form C3 is used.<br> |
|---|
| 7181 | |
|---|
| 7182 | |
|---|
| 7183 | |
|---|
| 7184 | |
|---|
| 7185 | |
|---|
| 7186 | |
|---|
| 7187 | |
|---|
| 7188 | If intermediate Euler-timesteps are carried out in case of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
|---|
| 7189 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> |
|---|
| 7190 | the |
|---|
| 7191 | advection scheme is - for the Euler-timestep - automatically switched |
|---|
| 7192 | to an upstream-scheme.<br> |
|---|
| 7193 | |
|---|
| 7194 | |
|---|
| 7195 | |
|---|
| 7196 | |
|---|
| 7197 | |
|---|
| 7198 | |
|---|
| 7199 | </div> |
|---|
| 7200 | |
|---|
| 7201 | |
|---|
| 7202 | |
|---|
| 7203 | |
|---|
| 7204 | |
|---|
| 7205 | |
|---|
| 7206 | |
|---|
| 7207 | |
|---|
| 7208 | |
|---|
| 7209 | |
|---|
| 7210 | |
|---|
| 7211 | |
|---|
| 7212 | |
|---|
| 7213 | <p> </p> |
|---|
| 7214 | |
|---|
| 7215 | |
|---|
| 7216 | |
|---|
| 7217 | |
|---|
| 7218 | |
|---|
| 7219 | |
|---|
| 7220 | |
|---|
| 7221 | |
|---|
| 7222 | |
|---|
| 7223 | |
|---|
| 7224 | |
|---|
| 7225 | |
|---|
| 7226 | |
|---|
| 7227 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7228 | |
|---|
| 7229 | |
|---|
| 7230 | |
|---|
| 7231 | |
|---|
| 7232 | |
|---|
| 7233 | |
|---|
| 7234 | |
|---|
| 7235 | </p> |
|---|
| 7236 | |
|---|
| 7237 | |
|---|
| 7238 | |
|---|
| 7239 | |
|---|
| 7240 | |
|---|
| 7241 | |
|---|
| 7242 | |
|---|
| 7243 | |
|---|
| 7244 | |
|---|
| 7245 | |
|---|
| 7246 | |
|---|
| 7247 | |
|---|
| 7248 | |
|---|
| 7249 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The |
|---|
| 7250 | upstream-spline scheme is |
|---|
| 7251 | used |
|---|
| 7252 | (see Mahrer and Pielke, |
|---|
| 7253 | 1978: Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830). In opposite to the |
|---|
| 7254 | Piascek-Williams scheme, this is characterized by much better numerical |
|---|
| 7255 | features (less numerical diffusion, better preservation of flow |
|---|
| 7256 | structures, e.g. vortices), but computationally it is much more |
|---|
| 7257 | expensive. In |
|---|
| 7258 | addition, the use of the Euler-timestep scheme is mandatory (<a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
|---|
| 7259 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><i>euler'</i>), |
|---|
| 7260 | i.e. the |
|---|
| 7261 | timestep accuracy is only of first order. |
|---|
| 7262 | For this reason the advection of scalar variables (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>) |
|---|
| 7263 | should then also be carried out with the upstream-spline scheme, |
|---|
| 7264 | because otherwise the scalar variables would |
|---|
| 7265 | be subject to large numerical diffusion due to the upstream |
|---|
| 7266 | scheme. </div> |
|---|
| 7267 | |
|---|
| 7268 | |
|---|
| 7269 | |
|---|
| 7270 | |
|---|
| 7271 | |
|---|
| 7272 | |
|---|
| 7273 | |
|---|
| 7274 | |
|---|
| 7275 | |
|---|
| 7276 | |
|---|
| 7277 | |
|---|
| 7278 | |
|---|
| 7279 | |
|---|
| 7280 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">Since |
|---|
| 7281 | the cubic splines used tend |
|---|
| 7282 | to overshoot under |
|---|
| 7283 | certain circumstances, this effect must be adjusted by suitable |
|---|
| 7284 | filtering and smoothing (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>, |
|---|
| 7285 | <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>, |
|---|
| 7286 | <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_u">ups_limit_u</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_v">ups_limit_v</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_w">ups_limit_w</a>). |
|---|
| 7287 | This is always neccessary for runs with stable stratification, |
|---|
| 7288 | even if this stratification appears only in parts of the model domain.<br> |
|---|
| 7289 | |
|---|
| 7290 | |
|---|
| 7291 | |
|---|
| 7292 | |
|---|
| 7293 | |
|---|
| 7294 | |
|---|
| 7295 | |
|---|
| 7296 | </p> |
|---|
| 7297 | |
|---|
| 7298 | |
|---|
| 7299 | |
|---|
| 7300 | |
|---|
| 7301 | |
|---|
| 7302 | |
|---|
| 7303 | |
|---|
| 7304 | |
|---|
| 7305 | |
|---|
| 7306 | |
|---|
| 7307 | |
|---|
| 7308 | |
|---|
| 7309 | |
|---|
| 7310 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">With stable |
|---|
| 7311 | stratification the |
|---|
| 7312 | upstream-spline scheme also |
|---|
| 7313 | produces gravity waves with large amplitude, which must be |
|---|
| 7314 | suitably damped (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#rayleigh_damping_factor">rayleigh_damping_factor</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 7315 | |
|---|
| 7316 | |
|---|
| 7317 | |
|---|
| 7318 | |
|---|
| 7319 | |
|---|
| 7320 | |
|---|
| 7321 | |
|---|
| 7322 | <br> |
|---|
| 7323 | |
|---|
| 7324 | |
|---|
| 7325 | |
|---|
| 7326 | |
|---|
| 7327 | |
|---|
| 7328 | |
|---|
| 7329 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Important: </span>The |
|---|
| 7330 | upstream-spline scheme is not implemented for humidity and passive |
|---|
| 7331 | scalars (see <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> |
|---|
| 7332 | and <a href="#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>) |
|---|
| 7333 | and requires the use of a 2d-domain-decomposition. The last conditions |
|---|
| 7334 | severely restricts code optimization on several machines leading to |
|---|
| 7335 | very long execution times! The scheme is also not allowed for |
|---|
| 7336 | non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 7337 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</div> |
|---|
| 7338 | |
|---|
| 7339 | |
|---|
| 7340 | |
|---|
| 7341 | |
|---|
| 7342 | |
|---|
| 7343 | |
|---|
| 7344 | </td> |
|---|
| 7345 | |
|---|
| 7346 | |
|---|
| 7347 | |
|---|
| 7348 | |
|---|
| 7349 | |
|---|
| 7350 | |
|---|
| 7351 | |
|---|
| 7352 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7353 | |
|---|
| 7354 | |
|---|
| 7355 | |
|---|
| 7356 | |
|---|
| 7357 | |
|---|
| 7358 | |
|---|
| 7359 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7360 | |
|---|
| 7361 | |
|---|
| 7362 | |
|---|
| 7363 | |
|---|
| 7364 | |
|---|
| 7365 | |
|---|
| 7366 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="netcdf_precision"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span><br> |
|---|
| 7367 | |
|---|
| 7368 | |
|---|
| 7369 | |
|---|
| 7370 | |
|---|
| 7371 | |
|---|
| 7372 | |
|---|
| 7373 | |
|---|
| 7374 | </td> |
|---|
| 7375 | |
|---|
| 7376 | |
|---|
| 7377 | |
|---|
| 7378 | |
|---|
| 7379 | |
|---|
| 7380 | |
|---|
| 7381 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
|---|
| 7382 | |
|---|
| 7383 | |
|---|
| 7384 | |
|---|
| 7385 | |
|---|
| 7386 | |
|---|
| 7387 | |
|---|
| 7388 | |
|---|
| 7389 | (10)<br> |
|---|
| 7390 | |
|---|
| 7391 | |
|---|
| 7392 | |
|---|
| 7393 | |
|---|
| 7394 | |
|---|
| 7395 | |
|---|
| 7396 | </td> |
|---|
| 7397 | |
|---|
| 7398 | |
|---|
| 7399 | |
|---|
| 7400 | |
|---|
| 7401 | |
|---|
| 7402 | |
|---|
| 7403 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">single preci-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 7404 | |
|---|
| 7405 | |
|---|
| 7406 | |
|---|
| 7407 | |
|---|
| 7408 | |
|---|
| 7409 | |
|---|
| 7410 | <span style="font-style: italic;">sion for all</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 7411 | |
|---|
| 7412 | |
|---|
| 7413 | |
|---|
| 7414 | |
|---|
| 7415 | |
|---|
| 7416 | |
|---|
| 7417 | <span style="font-style: italic;">output quan-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 7418 | |
|---|
| 7419 | |
|---|
| 7420 | |
|---|
| 7421 | |
|---|
| 7422 | |
|---|
| 7423 | |
|---|
| 7424 | <span style="font-style: italic;">tities</span><br> |
|---|
| 7425 | |
|---|
| 7426 | |
|---|
| 7427 | |
|---|
| 7428 | |
|---|
| 7429 | |
|---|
| 7430 | |
|---|
| 7431 | </td> |
|---|
| 7432 | |
|---|
| 7433 | |
|---|
| 7434 | |
|---|
| 7435 | |
|---|
| 7436 | |
|---|
| 7437 | |
|---|
| 7438 | |
|---|
| 7439 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Defines the accuracy of |
|---|
| 7440 | the NetCDF output.<br> |
|---|
| 7441 | |
|---|
| 7442 | |
|---|
| 7443 | |
|---|
| 7444 | |
|---|
| 7445 | |
|---|
| 7446 | |
|---|
| 7447 | <br> |
|---|
| 7448 | |
|---|
| 7449 | |
|---|
| 7450 | |
|---|
| 7451 | |
|---|
| 7452 | |
|---|
| 7453 | |
|---|
| 7454 | |
|---|
| 7455 | By default, all NetCDF output data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>) |
|---|
| 7456 | have single precision (4 byte) accuracy. Double precision (8 |
|---|
| 7457 | byte) can be choosen alternatively.<br> |
|---|
| 7458 | |
|---|
| 7459 | |
|---|
| 7460 | |
|---|
| 7461 | |
|---|
| 7462 | |
|---|
| 7463 | |
|---|
| 7464 | |
|---|
| 7465 | Accuracy for the different output data (cross sections, 3d-volume data, |
|---|
| 7466 | spectra, etc.) can be set independently.<br> |
|---|
| 7467 | |
|---|
| 7468 | |
|---|
| 7469 | |
|---|
| 7470 | |
|---|
| 7471 | |
|---|
| 7472 | |
|---|
| 7473 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>_NF90_REAL4'</span> |
|---|
| 7474 | (single precision) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>_NF90_REAL8'</span> |
|---|
| 7475 | (double precision) are the two principally allowed values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span>, |
|---|
| 7476 | where the string <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>' |
|---|
| 7477 | </span>can be chosen out of the following list:<br> |
|---|
| 7478 | |
|---|
| 7479 | |
|---|
| 7480 | |
|---|
| 7481 | |
|---|
| 7482 | |
|---|
| 7483 | |
|---|
| 7484 | <br> |
|---|
| 7485 | |
|---|
| 7486 | |
|---|
| 7487 | |
|---|
| 7488 | |
|---|
| 7489 | |
|---|
| 7490 | |
|---|
| 7491 | |
|---|
| 7492 | |
|---|
| 7493 | |
|---|
| 7494 | |
|---|
| 7495 | |
|---|
| 7496 | |
|---|
| 7497 | |
|---|
| 7498 | <table style="text-align: left; width: 284px; height: 234px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> |
|---|
| 7499 | |
|---|
| 7500 | |
|---|
| 7501 | |
|---|
| 7502 | |
|---|
| 7503 | |
|---|
| 7504 | |
|---|
| 7505 | <tbody> |
|---|
| 7506 | |
|---|
| 7507 | |
|---|
| 7508 | |
|---|
| 7509 | |
|---|
| 7510 | |
|---|
| 7511 | |
|---|
| 7512 | |
|---|
| 7513 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7514 | |
|---|
| 7515 | |
|---|
| 7516 | |
|---|
| 7517 | |
|---|
| 7518 | |
|---|
| 7519 | |
|---|
| 7520 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xy'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7521 | |
|---|
| 7522 | |
|---|
| 7523 | |
|---|
| 7524 | |
|---|
| 7525 | |
|---|
| 7526 | |
|---|
| 7527 | </td> |
|---|
| 7528 | |
|---|
| 7529 | |
|---|
| 7530 | |
|---|
| 7531 | |
|---|
| 7532 | |
|---|
| 7533 | |
|---|
| 7534 | |
|---|
| 7535 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">horizontal cross section<br> |
|---|
| 7536 | |
|---|
| 7537 | |
|---|
| 7538 | |
|---|
| 7539 | |
|---|
| 7540 | |
|---|
| 7541 | |
|---|
| 7542 | |
|---|
| 7543 | </td> |
|---|
| 7544 | |
|---|
| 7545 | |
|---|
| 7546 | |
|---|
| 7547 | |
|---|
| 7548 | |
|---|
| 7549 | |
|---|
| 7550 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7551 | |
|---|
| 7552 | |
|---|
| 7553 | |
|---|
| 7554 | |
|---|
| 7555 | |
|---|
| 7556 | |
|---|
| 7557 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7558 | |
|---|
| 7559 | |
|---|
| 7560 | |
|---|
| 7561 | |
|---|
| 7562 | |
|---|
| 7563 | |
|---|
| 7564 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xz'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7565 | |
|---|
| 7566 | |
|---|
| 7567 | |
|---|
| 7568 | |
|---|
| 7569 | |
|---|
| 7570 | |
|---|
| 7571 | </td> |
|---|
| 7572 | |
|---|
| 7573 | |
|---|
| 7574 | |
|---|
| 7575 | |
|---|
| 7576 | |
|---|
| 7577 | |
|---|
| 7578 | |
|---|
| 7579 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (xz) cross |
|---|
| 7580 | section<br> |
|---|
| 7581 | |
|---|
| 7582 | |
|---|
| 7583 | |
|---|
| 7584 | |
|---|
| 7585 | |
|---|
| 7586 | |
|---|
| 7587 | </td> |
|---|
| 7588 | |
|---|
| 7589 | |
|---|
| 7590 | |
|---|
| 7591 | |
|---|
| 7592 | |
|---|
| 7593 | |
|---|
| 7594 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7595 | |
|---|
| 7596 | |
|---|
| 7597 | |
|---|
| 7598 | |
|---|
| 7599 | |
|---|
| 7600 | |
|---|
| 7601 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7602 | |
|---|
| 7603 | |
|---|
| 7604 | |
|---|
| 7605 | |
|---|
| 7606 | |
|---|
| 7607 | |
|---|
| 7608 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'yz'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7609 | |
|---|
| 7610 | |
|---|
| 7611 | |
|---|
| 7612 | |
|---|
| 7613 | |
|---|
| 7614 | |
|---|
| 7615 | </td> |
|---|
| 7616 | |
|---|
| 7617 | |
|---|
| 7618 | |
|---|
| 7619 | |
|---|
| 7620 | |
|---|
| 7621 | |
|---|
| 7622 | |
|---|
| 7623 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (yz) cross |
|---|
| 7624 | section<br> |
|---|
| 7625 | |
|---|
| 7626 | |
|---|
| 7627 | |
|---|
| 7628 | |
|---|
| 7629 | |
|---|
| 7630 | |
|---|
| 7631 | </td> |
|---|
| 7632 | |
|---|
| 7633 | |
|---|
| 7634 | |
|---|
| 7635 | |
|---|
| 7636 | |
|---|
| 7637 | |
|---|
| 7638 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7639 | |
|---|
| 7640 | |
|---|
| 7641 | |
|---|
| 7642 | |
|---|
| 7643 | |
|---|
| 7644 | |
|---|
| 7645 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7646 | |
|---|
| 7647 | |
|---|
| 7648 | |
|---|
| 7649 | |
|---|
| 7650 | |
|---|
| 7651 | |
|---|
| 7652 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'2d'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7653 | |
|---|
| 7654 | |
|---|
| 7655 | |
|---|
| 7656 | |
|---|
| 7657 | |
|---|
| 7658 | |
|---|
| 7659 | </td> |
|---|
| 7660 | |
|---|
| 7661 | |
|---|
| 7662 | |
|---|
| 7663 | |
|---|
| 7664 | |
|---|
| 7665 | |
|---|
| 7666 | |
|---|
| 7667 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">all cross sections<br> |
|---|
| 7668 | |
|---|
| 7669 | |
|---|
| 7670 | |
|---|
| 7671 | |
|---|
| 7672 | |
|---|
| 7673 | |
|---|
| 7674 | |
|---|
| 7675 | </td> |
|---|
| 7676 | |
|---|
| 7677 | |
|---|
| 7678 | |
|---|
| 7679 | |
|---|
| 7680 | |
|---|
| 7681 | |
|---|
| 7682 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7683 | |
|---|
| 7684 | |
|---|
| 7685 | |
|---|
| 7686 | |
|---|
| 7687 | |
|---|
| 7688 | |
|---|
| 7689 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7690 | |
|---|
| 7691 | |
|---|
| 7692 | |
|---|
| 7693 | |
|---|
| 7694 | |
|---|
| 7695 | |
|---|
| 7696 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'3d'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7697 | |
|---|
| 7698 | |
|---|
| 7699 | |
|---|
| 7700 | |
|---|
| 7701 | |
|---|
| 7702 | |
|---|
| 7703 | </td> |
|---|
| 7704 | |
|---|
| 7705 | |
|---|
| 7706 | |
|---|
| 7707 | |
|---|
| 7708 | |
|---|
| 7709 | |
|---|
| 7710 | |
|---|
| 7711 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">volume data<br> |
|---|
| 7712 | |
|---|
| 7713 | |
|---|
| 7714 | |
|---|
| 7715 | |
|---|
| 7716 | |
|---|
| 7717 | |
|---|
| 7718 | </td> |
|---|
| 7719 | |
|---|
| 7720 | |
|---|
| 7721 | |
|---|
| 7722 | |
|---|
| 7723 | |
|---|
| 7724 | |
|---|
| 7725 | |
|---|
| 7726 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7727 | |
|---|
| 7728 | |
|---|
| 7729 | |
|---|
| 7730 | |
|---|
| 7731 | |
|---|
| 7732 | |
|---|
| 7733 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7734 | |
|---|
| 7735 | |
|---|
| 7736 | |
|---|
| 7737 | |
|---|
| 7738 | |
|---|
| 7739 | |
|---|
| 7740 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'pr'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7741 | |
|---|
| 7742 | |
|---|
| 7743 | |
|---|
| 7744 | |
|---|
| 7745 | |
|---|
| 7746 | |
|---|
| 7747 | </td> |
|---|
| 7748 | |
|---|
| 7749 | |
|---|
| 7750 | |
|---|
| 7751 | |
|---|
| 7752 | |
|---|
| 7753 | |
|---|
| 7754 | |
|---|
| 7755 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical profiles<br> |
|---|
| 7756 | |
|---|
| 7757 | |
|---|
| 7758 | |
|---|
| 7759 | |
|---|
| 7760 | |
|---|
| 7761 | |
|---|
| 7762 | |
|---|
| 7763 | </td> |
|---|
| 7764 | |
|---|
| 7765 | |
|---|
| 7766 | |
|---|
| 7767 | |
|---|
| 7768 | |
|---|
| 7769 | |
|---|
| 7770 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7771 | |
|---|
| 7772 | |
|---|
| 7773 | |
|---|
| 7774 | |
|---|
| 7775 | |
|---|
| 7776 | |
|---|
| 7777 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7778 | |
|---|
| 7779 | |
|---|
| 7780 | |
|---|
| 7781 | |
|---|
| 7782 | |
|---|
| 7783 | |
|---|
| 7784 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'ts'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7785 | |
|---|
| 7786 | |
|---|
| 7787 | |
|---|
| 7788 | |
|---|
| 7789 | |
|---|
| 7790 | |
|---|
| 7791 | </td> |
|---|
| 7792 | |
|---|
| 7793 | |
|---|
| 7794 | |
|---|
| 7795 | |
|---|
| 7796 | |
|---|
| 7797 | |
|---|
| 7798 | |
|---|
| 7799 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">time series, particle |
|---|
| 7800 | time series<br> |
|---|
| 7801 | |
|---|
| 7802 | |
|---|
| 7803 | |
|---|
| 7804 | |
|---|
| 7805 | |
|---|
| 7806 | |
|---|
| 7807 | </td> |
|---|
| 7808 | |
|---|
| 7809 | |
|---|
| 7810 | |
|---|
| 7811 | |
|---|
| 7812 | |
|---|
| 7813 | |
|---|
| 7814 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7815 | |
|---|
| 7816 | |
|---|
| 7817 | |
|---|
| 7818 | |
|---|
| 7819 | |
|---|
| 7820 | |
|---|
| 7821 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7822 | |
|---|
| 7823 | |
|---|
| 7824 | |
|---|
| 7825 | |
|---|
| 7826 | |
|---|
| 7827 | |
|---|
| 7828 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'sp'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7829 | |
|---|
| 7830 | |
|---|
| 7831 | |
|---|
| 7832 | |
|---|
| 7833 | |
|---|
| 7834 | |
|---|
| 7835 | </td> |
|---|
| 7836 | |
|---|
| 7837 | |
|---|
| 7838 | |
|---|
| 7839 | |
|---|
| 7840 | |
|---|
| 7841 | |
|---|
| 7842 | |
|---|
| 7843 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">spectra<br> |
|---|
| 7844 | |
|---|
| 7845 | |
|---|
| 7846 | |
|---|
| 7847 | |
|---|
| 7848 | |
|---|
| 7849 | |
|---|
| 7850 | </td> |
|---|
| 7851 | |
|---|
| 7852 | |
|---|
| 7853 | |
|---|
| 7854 | |
|---|
| 7855 | |
|---|
| 7856 | |
|---|
| 7857 | |
|---|
| 7858 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7859 | |
|---|
| 7860 | |
|---|
| 7861 | |
|---|
| 7862 | |
|---|
| 7863 | |
|---|
| 7864 | |
|---|
| 7865 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7866 | |
|---|
| 7867 | |
|---|
| 7868 | |
|---|
| 7869 | |
|---|
| 7870 | |
|---|
| 7871 | |
|---|
| 7872 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'prt'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7873 | |
|---|
| 7874 | |
|---|
| 7875 | |
|---|
| 7876 | |
|---|
| 7877 | |
|---|
| 7878 | |
|---|
| 7879 | </td> |
|---|
| 7880 | |
|---|
| 7881 | |
|---|
| 7882 | |
|---|
| 7883 | |
|---|
| 7884 | |
|---|
| 7885 | |
|---|
| 7886 | |
|---|
| 7887 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">particles<br> |
|---|
| 7888 | |
|---|
| 7889 | |
|---|
| 7890 | |
|---|
| 7891 | |
|---|
| 7892 | |
|---|
| 7893 | |
|---|
| 7894 | </td> |
|---|
| 7895 | |
|---|
| 7896 | |
|---|
| 7897 | |
|---|
| 7898 | |
|---|
| 7899 | |
|---|
| 7900 | |
|---|
| 7901 | |
|---|
| 7902 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7903 | |
|---|
| 7904 | |
|---|
| 7905 | |
|---|
| 7906 | |
|---|
| 7907 | |
|---|
| 7908 | |
|---|
| 7909 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7910 | |
|---|
| 7911 | |
|---|
| 7912 | |
|---|
| 7913 | |
|---|
| 7914 | |
|---|
| 7915 | |
|---|
| 7916 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'all'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7917 | |
|---|
| 7918 | |
|---|
| 7919 | |
|---|
| 7920 | |
|---|
| 7921 | |
|---|
| 7922 | |
|---|
| 7923 | </td> |
|---|
| 7924 | |
|---|
| 7925 | |
|---|
| 7926 | |
|---|
| 7927 | |
|---|
| 7928 | |
|---|
| 7929 | |
|---|
| 7930 | |
|---|
| 7931 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">all output quantities<br> |
|---|
| 7932 | |
|---|
| 7933 | |
|---|
| 7934 | |
|---|
| 7935 | |
|---|
| 7936 | |
|---|
| 7937 | |
|---|
| 7938 | |
|---|
| 7939 | </td> |
|---|
| 7940 | |
|---|
| 7941 | |
|---|
| 7942 | |
|---|
| 7943 | |
|---|
| 7944 | |
|---|
| 7945 | |
|---|
| 7946 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7947 | |
|---|
| 7948 | |
|---|
| 7949 | |
|---|
| 7950 | |
|---|
| 7951 | |
|---|
| 7952 | |
|---|
| 7953 | |
|---|
| 7954 | |
|---|
| 7955 | |
|---|
| 7956 | |
|---|
| 7957 | |
|---|
| 7958 | |
|---|
| 7959 | |
|---|
| 7960 | </tbody> |
|---|
| 7961 | |
|---|
| 7962 | |
|---|
| 7963 | |
|---|
| 7964 | |
|---|
| 7965 | |
|---|
| 7966 | |
|---|
| 7967 | </table> |
|---|
| 7968 | |
|---|
| 7969 | |
|---|
| 7970 | |
|---|
| 7971 | |
|---|
| 7972 | |
|---|
| 7973 | |
|---|
| 7974 | <br> |
|---|
| 7975 | |
|---|
| 7976 | |
|---|
| 7977 | |
|---|
| 7978 | |
|---|
| 7979 | |
|---|
| 7980 | |
|---|
| 7981 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br> |
|---|
| 7982 | |
|---|
| 7983 | |
|---|
| 7984 | |
|---|
| 7985 | |
|---|
| 7986 | |
|---|
| 7987 | |
|---|
| 7988 | |
|---|
| 7989 | If all cross section data and the particle data shall be output in |
|---|
| 7990 | double precision and all other quantities in single precision, then <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'2d_NF90_REAL8'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'prt_NF90_REAL8'</span> |
|---|
| 7991 | has to be assigned.<br> |
|---|
| 7992 | |
|---|
| 7993 | |
|---|
| 7994 | |
|---|
| 7995 | |
|---|
| 7996 | |
|---|
| 7997 | |
|---|
| 7998 | </td> |
|---|
| 7999 | |
|---|
| 8000 | |
|---|
| 8001 | |
|---|
| 8002 | |
|---|
| 8003 | |
|---|
| 8004 | |
|---|
| 8005 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8006 | |
|---|
| 8007 | |
|---|
| 8008 | |
|---|
| 8009 | |
|---|
| 8010 | |
|---|
| 8011 | |
|---|
| 8012 | |
|---|
| 8013 | |
|---|
| 8014 | |
|---|
| 8015 | |
|---|
| 8016 | |
|---|
| 8017 | |
|---|
| 8018 | |
|---|
| 8019 | |
|---|
| 8020 | |
|---|
| 8021 | |
|---|
| 8022 | |
|---|
| 8023 | |
|---|
| 8024 | |
|---|
| 8025 | |
|---|
| 8026 | |
|---|
| 8027 | |
|---|
| 8028 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8029 | |
|---|
| 8030 | |
|---|
| 8031 | |
|---|
| 8032 | |
|---|
| 8033 | |
|---|
| 8034 | |
|---|
| 8035 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8036 | |
|---|
| 8037 | |
|---|
| 8038 | |
|---|
| 8039 | |
|---|
| 8040 | |
|---|
| 8041 | |
|---|
| 8042 | <p><a name="nsor_ini"></a><b>nsor_ini</b></p> |
|---|
| 8043 | |
|---|
| 8044 | |
|---|
| 8045 | |
|---|
| 8046 | |
|---|
| 8047 | |
|---|
| 8048 | |
|---|
| 8049 | |
|---|
| 8050 | </td> |
|---|
| 8051 | |
|---|
| 8052 | |
|---|
| 8053 | |
|---|
| 8054 | |
|---|
| 8055 | |
|---|
| 8056 | |
|---|
| 8057 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 8058 | |
|---|
| 8059 | |
|---|
| 8060 | |
|---|
| 8061 | |
|---|
| 8062 | |
|---|
| 8063 | |
|---|
| 8064 | |
|---|
| 8065 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100</i></td> |
|---|
| 8066 | |
|---|
| 8067 | |
|---|
| 8068 | |
|---|
| 8069 | |
|---|
| 8070 | |
|---|
| 8071 | |
|---|
| 8072 | |
|---|
| 8073 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8074 | |
|---|
| 8075 | |
|---|
| 8076 | |
|---|
| 8077 | |
|---|
| 8078 | |
|---|
| 8079 | |
|---|
| 8080 | <p>Initial number |
|---|
| 8081 | of iterations with the SOR algorithm. </p> |
|---|
| 8082 | |
|---|
| 8083 | |
|---|
| 8084 | |
|---|
| 8085 | |
|---|
| 8086 | |
|---|
| 8087 | |
|---|
| 8088 | |
|---|
| 8089 | |
|---|
| 8090 | |
|---|
| 8091 | |
|---|
| 8092 | |
|---|
| 8093 | |
|---|
| 8094 | |
|---|
| 8095 | <p>This |
|---|
| 8096 | parameter is only effective if the SOR algorithm was |
|---|
| 8097 | selected as the pressure solver scheme (<a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a> |
|---|
| 8098 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'sor'</span>) |
|---|
| 8099 | and specifies the |
|---|
| 8100 | number of initial iterations of the SOR |
|---|
| 8101 | scheme (at t = 0). The number of subsequent iterations at the following |
|---|
| 8102 | timesteps is determined |
|---|
| 8103 | with the parameter <a href="#nsor">nsor</a>. |
|---|
| 8104 | Usually <b>nsor</b> < <b>nsor_ini</b>, |
|---|
| 8105 | since in each case |
|---|
| 8106 | subsequent calls to <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a> |
|---|
| 8107 | use the solution of the previous call as initial value. Suitable |
|---|
| 8108 | test runs should determine whether sufficient convergence of the |
|---|
| 8109 | solution is obtained with the default value and if necessary the value |
|---|
| 8110 | of <b>nsor_ini</b> should be changed.</p> |
|---|
| 8111 | |
|---|
| 8112 | |
|---|
| 8113 | |
|---|
| 8114 | |
|---|
| 8115 | |
|---|
| 8116 | |
|---|
| 8117 | </td> |
|---|
| 8118 | |
|---|
| 8119 | |
|---|
| 8120 | |
|---|
| 8121 | |
|---|
| 8122 | |
|---|
| 8123 | |
|---|
| 8124 | |
|---|
| 8125 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8126 | |
|---|
| 8127 | |
|---|
| 8128 | |
|---|
| 8129 | |
|---|
| 8130 | |
|---|
| 8131 | |
|---|
| 8132 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8133 | |
|---|
| 8134 | |
|---|
| 8135 | |
|---|
| 8136 | |
|---|
| 8137 | |
|---|
| 8138 | |
|---|
| 8139 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8140 | |
|---|
| 8141 | |
|---|
| 8142 | |
|---|
| 8143 | |
|---|
| 8144 | |
|---|
| 8145 | |
|---|
| 8146 | <p><a name="nx"></a><b>nx</b></p> |
|---|
| 8147 | |
|---|
| 8148 | |
|---|
| 8149 | |
|---|
| 8150 | |
|---|
| 8151 | |
|---|
| 8152 | |
|---|
| 8153 | |
|---|
| 8154 | </td> |
|---|
| 8155 | |
|---|
| 8156 | |
|---|
| 8157 | |
|---|
| 8158 | |
|---|
| 8159 | |
|---|
| 8160 | |
|---|
| 8161 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 8162 | |
|---|
| 8163 | |
|---|
| 8164 | |
|---|
| 8165 | |
|---|
| 8166 | |
|---|
| 8167 | |
|---|
| 8168 | |
|---|
| 8169 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 8170 | |
|---|
| 8171 | |
|---|
| 8172 | |
|---|
| 8173 | |
|---|
| 8174 | |
|---|
| 8175 | |
|---|
| 8176 | </td> |
|---|
| 8177 | |
|---|
| 8178 | |
|---|
| 8179 | |
|---|
| 8180 | |
|---|
| 8181 | |
|---|
| 8182 | |
|---|
| 8183 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8184 | |
|---|
| 8185 | |
|---|
| 8186 | |
|---|
| 8187 | |
|---|
| 8188 | |
|---|
| 8189 | |
|---|
| 8190 | <p>Number of grid |
|---|
| 8191 | points in x-direction. </p> |
|---|
| 8192 | |
|---|
| 8193 | |
|---|
| 8194 | |
|---|
| 8195 | |
|---|
| 8196 | |
|---|
| 8197 | |
|---|
| 8198 | |
|---|
| 8199 | |
|---|
| 8200 | |
|---|
| 8201 | |
|---|
| 8202 | |
|---|
| 8203 | |
|---|
| 8204 | |
|---|
| 8205 | <p>A value for this |
|---|
| 8206 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
|---|
| 8207 | array bound in PALM |
|---|
| 8208 | starts with i = 0, the actual number of grid points is equal to <b>nx+1</b>. |
|---|
| 8209 | In case of cyclic boundary conditions along x, the domain size is (<b>nx+1</b>)* |
|---|
| 8210 | <a href="#dx">dx</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 8211 | |
|---|
| 8212 | |
|---|
| 8213 | |
|---|
| 8214 | |
|---|
| 8215 | |
|---|
| 8216 | |
|---|
| 8217 | |
|---|
| 8218 | |
|---|
| 8219 | |
|---|
| 8220 | |
|---|
| 8221 | |
|---|
| 8222 | |
|---|
| 8223 | |
|---|
| 8224 | <p>For |
|---|
| 8225 | parallel runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
|---|
| 8226 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
|---|
| 8227 | <b>nx+1</b> must |
|---|
| 8228 | be an integral multiple |
|---|
| 8229 | of the processor numbers (see <a href="#npex">npex</a> |
|---|
| 8230 | and <a href="#npey">npey</a>) |
|---|
| 8231 | along x- as well as along y-direction (due to data |
|---|
| 8232 | transposition restrictions).</p> |
|---|
| 8233 | |
|---|
| 8234 | |
|---|
| 8235 | |
|---|
| 8236 | |
|---|
| 8237 | |
|---|
| 8238 | |
|---|
| 8239 | |
|---|
| 8240 | |
|---|
| 8241 | |
|---|
| 8242 | |
|---|
| 8243 | |
|---|
| 8244 | |
|---|
| 8245 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
|---|
| 8246 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
|---|
| 8247 | |
|---|
| 8248 | |
|---|
| 8249 | |
|---|
| 8250 | |
|---|
| 8251 | |
|---|
| 8252 | |
|---|
| 8253 | </td> |
|---|
| 8254 | |
|---|
| 8255 | |
|---|
| 8256 | |
|---|
| 8257 | |
|---|
| 8258 | |
|---|
| 8259 | |
|---|
| 8260 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8261 | |
|---|
| 8262 | |
|---|
| 8263 | |
|---|
| 8264 | |
|---|
| 8265 | |
|---|
| 8266 | |
|---|
| 8267 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8268 | |
|---|
| 8269 | |
|---|
| 8270 | |
|---|
| 8271 | |
|---|
| 8272 | |
|---|
| 8273 | |
|---|
| 8274 | |
|---|
| 8275 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8276 | |
|---|
| 8277 | |
|---|
| 8278 | |
|---|
| 8279 | |
|---|
| 8280 | |
|---|
| 8281 | |
|---|
| 8282 | <p><a name="ny"></a><b>ny</b></p> |
|---|
| 8283 | |
|---|
| 8284 | |
|---|
| 8285 | |
|---|
| 8286 | |
|---|
| 8287 | |
|---|
| 8288 | |
|---|
| 8289 | |
|---|
| 8290 | </td> |
|---|
| 8291 | |
|---|
| 8292 | |
|---|
| 8293 | |
|---|
| 8294 | |
|---|
| 8295 | |
|---|
| 8296 | |
|---|
| 8297 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 8298 | |
|---|
| 8299 | |
|---|
| 8300 | |
|---|
| 8301 | |
|---|
| 8302 | |
|---|
| 8303 | |
|---|
| 8304 | |
|---|
| 8305 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 8306 | |
|---|
| 8307 | |
|---|
| 8308 | |
|---|
| 8309 | |
|---|
| 8310 | |
|---|
| 8311 | |
|---|
| 8312 | </td> |
|---|
| 8313 | |
|---|
| 8314 | |
|---|
| 8315 | |
|---|
| 8316 | |
|---|
| 8317 | |
|---|
| 8318 | |
|---|
| 8319 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8320 | |
|---|
| 8321 | |
|---|
| 8322 | |
|---|
| 8323 | |
|---|
| 8324 | |
|---|
| 8325 | |
|---|
| 8326 | <p>Number of grid |
|---|
| 8327 | points in y-direction. </p> |
|---|
| 8328 | |
|---|
| 8329 | |
|---|
| 8330 | |
|---|
| 8331 | |
|---|
| 8332 | |
|---|
| 8333 | |
|---|
| 8334 | |
|---|
| 8335 | |
|---|
| 8336 | |
|---|
| 8337 | |
|---|
| 8338 | |
|---|
| 8339 | |
|---|
| 8340 | |
|---|
| 8341 | <p>A value for this |
|---|
| 8342 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
|---|
| 8343 | array bound in PALM starts with j = 0, the actual number of grid points |
|---|
| 8344 | is equal to <b>ny+1</b>. In case of cyclic boundary |
|---|
| 8345 | conditions along |
|---|
| 8346 | y, the domain size is (<b>ny+1</b>) * <a href="#dy">dy</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 8347 | |
|---|
| 8348 | |
|---|
| 8349 | |
|---|
| 8350 | |
|---|
| 8351 | |
|---|
| 8352 | |
|---|
| 8353 | |
|---|
| 8354 | |
|---|
| 8355 | |
|---|
| 8356 | |
|---|
| 8357 | |
|---|
| 8358 | |
|---|
| 8359 | |
|---|
| 8360 | <p>For parallel runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
|---|
| 8361 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
|---|
| 8362 | <b>ny+1</b> must |
|---|
| 8363 | be an integral multiple |
|---|
| 8364 | of the processor numbers (see <a href="#npex">npex</a> |
|---|
| 8365 | and <a href="#npey">npey</a>) |
|---|
| 8366 | along y- as well as along x-direction (due to data |
|---|
| 8367 | transposition restrictions).</p> |
|---|
| 8368 | |
|---|
| 8369 | |
|---|
| 8370 | |
|---|
| 8371 | |
|---|
| 8372 | |
|---|
| 8373 | |
|---|
| 8374 | |
|---|
| 8375 | |
|---|
| 8376 | |
|---|
| 8377 | |
|---|
| 8378 | |
|---|
| 8379 | |
|---|
| 8380 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
|---|
| 8381 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
|---|
| 8382 | |
|---|
| 8383 | |
|---|
| 8384 | |
|---|
| 8385 | |
|---|
| 8386 | |
|---|
| 8387 | |
|---|
| 8388 | </td> |
|---|
| 8389 | |
|---|
| 8390 | |
|---|
| 8391 | |
|---|
| 8392 | |
|---|
| 8393 | |
|---|
| 8394 | |
|---|
| 8395 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8396 | |
|---|
| 8397 | |
|---|
| 8398 | |
|---|
| 8399 | |
|---|
| 8400 | |
|---|
| 8401 | |
|---|
| 8402 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8403 | |
|---|
| 8404 | |
|---|
| 8405 | |
|---|
| 8406 | |
|---|
| 8407 | |
|---|
| 8408 | |
|---|
| 8409 | |
|---|
| 8410 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8411 | |
|---|
| 8412 | |
|---|
| 8413 | |
|---|
| 8414 | |
|---|
| 8415 | |
|---|
| 8416 | |
|---|
| 8417 | <p><a name="nz"></a><b>nz</b></p> |
|---|
| 8418 | |
|---|
| 8419 | |
|---|
| 8420 | |
|---|
| 8421 | |
|---|
| 8422 | |
|---|
| 8423 | |
|---|
| 8424 | |
|---|
| 8425 | </td> |
|---|
| 8426 | |
|---|
| 8427 | |
|---|
| 8428 | |
|---|
| 8429 | |
|---|
| 8430 | |
|---|
| 8431 | |
|---|
| 8432 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 8433 | |
|---|
| 8434 | |
|---|
| 8435 | |
|---|
| 8436 | |
|---|
| 8437 | |
|---|
| 8438 | |
|---|
| 8439 | |
|---|
| 8440 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 8441 | |
|---|
| 8442 | |
|---|
| 8443 | |
|---|
| 8444 | |
|---|
| 8445 | |
|---|
| 8446 | |
|---|
| 8447 | </td> |
|---|
| 8448 | |
|---|
| 8449 | |
|---|
| 8450 | |
|---|
| 8451 | |
|---|
| 8452 | |
|---|
| 8453 | |
|---|
| 8454 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8455 | |
|---|
| 8456 | |
|---|
| 8457 | |
|---|
| 8458 | |
|---|
| 8459 | |
|---|
| 8460 | |
|---|
| 8461 | <p>Number of grid |
|---|
| 8462 | points in z-direction. </p> |
|---|
| 8463 | |
|---|
| 8464 | |
|---|
| 8465 | |
|---|
| 8466 | |
|---|
| 8467 | |
|---|
| 8468 | |
|---|
| 8469 | |
|---|
| 8470 | |
|---|
| 8471 | |
|---|
| 8472 | |
|---|
| 8473 | |
|---|
| 8474 | |
|---|
| 8475 | |
|---|
| 8476 | <p>A value for this |
|---|
| 8477 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
|---|
| 8478 | array bound in PALM |
|---|
| 8479 | starts with k = 0 and since one additional grid point is added at the |
|---|
| 8480 | top boundary (k = <b>nz+1</b>), the actual number of grid |
|---|
| 8481 | points is <b>nz+2</b>. |
|---|
| 8482 | However, the prognostic equations are only solved up to <b>nz</b> |
|---|
| 8483 | (u, |
|---|
| 8484 | v) |
|---|
| 8485 | or up to <b>nz-1</b> (w, scalar quantities). The top |
|---|
| 8486 | boundary for u |
|---|
| 8487 | and v is at k = <b>nz+1</b> (u, v) while at k = <b>nz</b> |
|---|
| 8488 | for all |
|---|
| 8489 | other quantities. </p> |
|---|
| 8490 | |
|---|
| 8491 | |
|---|
| 8492 | |
|---|
| 8493 | |
|---|
| 8494 | |
|---|
| 8495 | |
|---|
| 8496 | |
|---|
| 8497 | |
|---|
| 8498 | |
|---|
| 8499 | |
|---|
| 8500 | |
|---|
| 8501 | |
|---|
| 8502 | |
|---|
| 8503 | <p>For parallel |
|---|
| 8504 | runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
|---|
| 8505 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
|---|
| 8506 | <b>nz</b> must |
|---|
| 8507 | be an integral multiple of |
|---|
| 8508 | the number of processors in x-direction (due to data transposition |
|---|
| 8509 | restrictions).</p> |
|---|
| 8510 | |
|---|
| 8511 | |
|---|
| 8512 | |
|---|
| 8513 | |
|---|
| 8514 | |
|---|
| 8515 | |
|---|
| 8516 | </td> |
|---|
| 8517 | |
|---|
| 8518 | |
|---|
| 8519 | |
|---|
| 8520 | |
|---|
| 8521 | |
|---|
| 8522 | |
|---|
| 8523 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8524 | |
|---|
| 8525 | |
|---|
| 8526 | |
|---|
| 8527 | |
|---|
| 8528 | |
|---|
| 8529 | |
|---|
| 8530 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8531 | |
|---|
| 8532 | |
|---|
| 8533 | |
|---|
| 8534 | |
|---|
| 8535 | |
|---|
| 8536 | |
|---|
| 8537 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="ocean"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span></td> |
|---|
| 8538 | |
|---|
| 8539 | |
|---|
| 8540 | |
|---|
| 8541 | |
|---|
| 8542 | |
|---|
| 8543 | |
|---|
| 8544 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 8545 | |
|---|
| 8546 | |
|---|
| 8547 | |
|---|
| 8548 | |
|---|
| 8549 | |
|---|
| 8550 | |
|---|
| 8551 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 8552 | |
|---|
| 8553 | |
|---|
| 8554 | |
|---|
| 8555 | |
|---|
| 8556 | |
|---|
| 8557 | |
|---|
| 8558 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on ocean runs.<br> |
|---|
| 8559 | |
|---|
| 8560 | |
|---|
| 8561 | |
|---|
| 8562 | |
|---|
| 8563 | |
|---|
| 8564 | |
|---|
| 8565 | <br> |
|---|
| 8566 | |
|---|
| 8567 | |
|---|
| 8568 | |
|---|
| 8569 | |
|---|
| 8570 | |
|---|
| 8571 | |
|---|
| 8572 | By default PALM is configured to simulate atmospheric flows. However, starting from version 3.3, <span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> allows simulation of ocean turbulent flows. Setting this switch has several effects:<br> |
|---|
| 8573 | |
|---|
| 8574 | |
|---|
| 8575 | |
|---|
| 8576 | |
|---|
| 8577 | |
|---|
| 8578 | |
|---|
| 8579 | <br> |
|---|
| 8580 | |
|---|
| 8581 | |
|---|
| 8582 | |
|---|
| 8583 | |
|---|
| 8584 | |
|---|
| 8585 | |
|---|
| 8586 | |
|---|
| 8587 | |
|---|
| 8588 | |
|---|
| 8589 | |
|---|
| 8590 | |
|---|
| 8591 | |
|---|
| 8592 | <ul> |
|---|
| 8593 | |
|---|
| 8594 | |
|---|
| 8595 | |
|---|
| 8596 | |
|---|
| 8597 | |
|---|
| 8598 | |
|---|
| 8599 | <li>An additional prognostic equation for salinity is solved.</li> |
|---|
| 8600 | |
|---|
| 8601 | |
|---|
| 8602 | |
|---|
| 8603 | |
|---|
| 8604 | |
|---|
| 8605 | |
|---|
| 8606 | <li>Potential temperature in buoyancy and stability-related terms is replaced by potential density.</li> |
|---|
| 8607 | |
|---|
| 8608 | |
|---|
| 8609 | |
|---|
| 8610 | |
|---|
| 8611 | |
|---|
| 8612 | |
|---|
| 8613 | <li>Potential |
|---|
| 8614 | density is calculated from the equation of state for seawater after |
|---|
| 8615 | each timestep, using the algorithm proposed by Jackett et al. (2006, J. |
|---|
| 8616 | Atmos. Oceanic Technol., <span style="font-weight: bold;">23</span>, 1709-1728).<br> |
|---|
| 8617 | |
|---|
| 8618 | |
|---|
| 8619 | |
|---|
| 8620 | |
|---|
| 8621 | |
|---|
| 8622 | |
|---|
| 8623 | So far, only the initial hydrostatic pressure is entered into this equation.</li> |
|---|
| 8624 | |
|---|
| 8625 | |
|---|
| 8626 | |
|---|
| 8627 | |
|---|
| 8628 | |
|---|
| 8629 | |
|---|
| 8630 | <li>z=0 (sea surface) is assumed at the model top (vertical grid index <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">k=nzt</span> on the w-grid), with negative values of z indicating the depth.</li> |
|---|
| 8631 | |
|---|
| 8632 | |
|---|
| 8633 | |
|---|
| 8634 | |
|---|
| 8635 | |
|---|
| 8636 | |
|---|
| 8637 | <li>Initial profiles are constructed (e.g. from <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> / <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>) starting from the sea surface, using surface values given by <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>, and <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>.</li> |
|---|
| 8638 | |
|---|
| 8639 | |
|---|
| 8640 | |
|---|
| 8641 | |
|---|
| 8642 | |
|---|
| 8643 | |
|---|
| 8644 | <li>Zero salinity flux is used as default boundary condition at the bottom of the sea.</li> |
|---|
| 8645 | |
|---|
| 8646 | |
|---|
| 8647 | |
|---|
| 8648 | |
|---|
| 8649 | |
|---|
| 8650 | |
|---|
| 8651 | <li>If switched on, random perturbations are by default imposed to the upper model domain from zu(nzt*2/3) to zu(nzt-3).</li> |
|---|
| 8652 | |
|---|
| 8653 | |
|---|
| 8654 | |
|---|
| 8655 | |
|---|
| 8656 | |
|---|
| 8657 | |
|---|
| 8658 | |
|---|
| 8659 | |
|---|
| 8660 | |
|---|
| 8661 | |
|---|
| 8662 | |
|---|
| 8663 | |
|---|
| 8664 | </ul> |
|---|
| 8665 | |
|---|
| 8666 | |
|---|
| 8667 | |
|---|
| 8668 | |
|---|
| 8669 | |
|---|
| 8670 | |
|---|
| 8671 | <br> |
|---|
| 8672 | |
|---|
| 8673 | |
|---|
| 8674 | |
|---|
| 8675 | |
|---|
| 8676 | |
|---|
| 8677 | |
|---|
| 8678 | Relevant parameters to be exclusively used for steering ocean runs are <a href="#bc_sa_t">bc_sa_t</a>, <a href="#bottom_salinityflux">bottom_salinityflux</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>, and <a href="#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 8679 | |
|---|
| 8680 | |
|---|
| 8681 | |
|---|
| 8682 | |
|---|
| 8683 | |
|---|
| 8684 | |
|---|
| 8685 | <br> |
|---|
| 8686 | |
|---|
| 8687 | |
|---|
| 8688 | |
|---|
| 8689 | |
|---|
| 8690 | |
|---|
| 8691 | |
|---|
| 8692 | Section <a href="chapter_4.2.2.html">4.4.2</a> gives an example for appropriate settings of these and other parameters neccessary for ocean runs.<br> |
|---|
| 8693 | |
|---|
| 8694 | |
|---|
| 8695 | |
|---|
| 8696 | |
|---|
| 8697 | |
|---|
| 8698 | |
|---|
| 8699 | <br> |
|---|
| 8700 | |
|---|
| 8701 | |
|---|
| 8702 | |
|---|
| 8703 | |
|---|
| 8704 | |
|---|
| 8705 | |
|---|
| 8706 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> does not allow settings of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> as well as <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span>.<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br> |
|---|
| 8707 | |
|---|
| 8708 | |
|---|
| 8709 | |
|---|
| 8710 | </td> |
|---|
| 8711 | |
|---|
| 8712 | |
|---|
| 8713 | |
|---|
| 8714 | |
|---|
| 8715 | |
|---|
| 8716 | |
|---|
| 8717 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8718 | |
|---|
| 8719 | |
|---|
| 8720 | |
|---|
| 8721 | |
|---|
| 8722 | |
|---|
| 8723 | |
|---|
| 8724 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8725 | |
|---|
| 8726 | |
|---|
| 8727 | |
|---|
| 8728 | |
|---|
| 8729 | |
|---|
| 8730 | |
|---|
| 8731 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8732 | |
|---|
| 8733 | |
|---|
| 8734 | |
|---|
| 8735 | |
|---|
| 8736 | |
|---|
| 8737 | |
|---|
| 8738 | <p><a name="omega"></a><b>omega</b></p> |
|---|
| 8739 | |
|---|
| 8740 | |
|---|
| 8741 | |
|---|
| 8742 | |
|---|
| 8743 | |
|---|
| 8744 | |
|---|
| 8745 | |
|---|
| 8746 | </td> |
|---|
| 8747 | |
|---|
| 8748 | |
|---|
| 8749 | |
|---|
| 8750 | |
|---|
| 8751 | |
|---|
| 8752 | |
|---|
| 8753 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 8754 | |
|---|
| 8755 | |
|---|
| 8756 | |
|---|
| 8757 | |
|---|
| 8758 | |
|---|
| 8759 | |
|---|
| 8760 | |
|---|
| 8761 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>7.29212E-5</i></td> |
|---|
| 8762 | |
|---|
| 8763 | |
|---|
| 8764 | |
|---|
| 8765 | |
|---|
| 8766 | |
|---|
| 8767 | |
|---|
| 8768 | |
|---|
| 8769 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8770 | |
|---|
| 8771 | |
|---|
| 8772 | |
|---|
| 8773 | |
|---|
| 8774 | |
|---|
| 8775 | |
|---|
| 8776 | <p>Angular |
|---|
| 8777 | velocity of the rotating system (in rad s<sup>-1</sup>). |
|---|
| 8778 | </p> |
|---|
| 8779 | |
|---|
| 8780 | |
|---|
| 8781 | |
|---|
| 8782 | |
|---|
| 8783 | |
|---|
| 8784 | |
|---|
| 8785 | |
|---|
| 8786 | |
|---|
| 8787 | |
|---|
| 8788 | |
|---|
| 8789 | |
|---|
| 8790 | |
|---|
| 8791 | |
|---|
| 8792 | <p>The angular velocity of the earth is set by |
|---|
| 8793 | default. The |
|---|
| 8794 | values |
|---|
| 8795 | of the Coriolis parameters are calculated as: </p> |
|---|
| 8796 | |
|---|
| 8797 | |
|---|
| 8798 | |
|---|
| 8799 | |
|---|
| 8800 | |
|---|
| 8801 | |
|---|
| 8802 | |
|---|
| 8803 | |
|---|
| 8804 | |
|---|
| 8805 | |
|---|
| 8806 | |
|---|
| 8807 | |
|---|
| 8808 | |
|---|
| 8809 | <ul> |
|---|
| 8810 | |
|---|
| 8811 | |
|---|
| 8812 | |
|---|
| 8813 | |
|---|
| 8814 | |
|---|
| 8815 | |
|---|
| 8816 | |
|---|
| 8817 | |
|---|
| 8818 | |
|---|
| 8819 | |
|---|
| 8820 | |
|---|
| 8821 | |
|---|
| 8822 | |
|---|
| 8823 | <p>f = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * sin(<a href="#phi">phi</a>) |
|---|
| 8824 | <br> |
|---|
| 8825 | |
|---|
| 8826 | |
|---|
| 8827 | |
|---|
| 8828 | |
|---|
| 8829 | |
|---|
| 8830 | |
|---|
| 8831 | f* = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * cos(<a href="#phi">phi</a>)</p> |
|---|
| 8832 | |
|---|
| 8833 | |
|---|
| 8834 | |
|---|
| 8835 | |
|---|
| 8836 | |
|---|
| 8837 | |
|---|
| 8838 | |
|---|
| 8839 | |
|---|
| 8840 | |
|---|
| 8841 | |
|---|
| 8842 | |
|---|
| 8843 | |
|---|
| 8844 | |
|---|
| 8845 | </ul> |
|---|
| 8846 | |
|---|
| 8847 | |
|---|
| 8848 | |
|---|
| 8849 | |
|---|
| 8850 | |
|---|
| 8851 | |
|---|
| 8852 | </td> |
|---|
| 8853 | |
|---|
| 8854 | |
|---|
| 8855 | |
|---|
| 8856 | |
|---|
| 8857 | |
|---|
| 8858 | |
|---|
| 8859 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8860 | |
|---|
| 8861 | |
|---|
| 8862 | |
|---|
| 8863 | |
|---|
| 8864 | |
|---|
| 8865 | |
|---|
| 8866 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8867 | |
|---|
| 8868 | |
|---|
| 8869 | |
|---|
| 8870 | |
|---|
| 8871 | |
|---|
| 8872 | |
|---|
| 8873 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8874 | |
|---|
| 8875 | |
|---|
| 8876 | |
|---|
| 8877 | |
|---|
| 8878 | |
|---|
| 8879 | |
|---|
| 8880 | <p><a name="outflow_damping_width"></a><b>outflow_damping_width</b></p> |
|---|
| 8881 | |
|---|
| 8882 | |
|---|
| 8883 | |
|---|
| 8884 | |
|---|
| 8885 | |
|---|
| 8886 | |
|---|
| 8887 | |
|---|
| 8888 | </td> |
|---|
| 8889 | |
|---|
| 8890 | |
|---|
| 8891 | |
|---|
| 8892 | |
|---|
| 8893 | |
|---|
| 8894 | |
|---|
| 8895 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 8896 | |
|---|
| 8897 | |
|---|
| 8898 | |
|---|
| 8899 | |
|---|
| 8900 | |
|---|
| 8901 | |
|---|
| 8902 | |
|---|
| 8903 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(20, |
|---|
| 8904 | nx/2</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">ny/2)</span></td> |
|---|
| 8905 | |
|---|
| 8906 | |
|---|
| 8907 | |
|---|
| 8908 | |
|---|
| 8909 | |
|---|
| 8910 | |
|---|
| 8911 | |
|---|
| 8912 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Width of |
|---|
| 8913 | the damping range in the vicinity of the outflow (gridpoints).<br> |
|---|
| 8914 | |
|---|
| 8915 | |
|---|
| 8916 | |
|---|
| 8917 | |
|---|
| 8918 | |
|---|
| 8919 | |
|---|
| 8920 | |
|---|
| 8921 | <br> |
|---|
| 8922 | |
|---|
| 8923 | |
|---|
| 8924 | |
|---|
| 8925 | |
|---|
| 8926 | |
|---|
| 8927 | |
|---|
| 8928 | |
|---|
| 8929 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 8930 | or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
|---|
| 8931 | a smoothing has to be applied to the |
|---|
| 8932 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
|---|
| 8933 | reflections of outgoing disturbances. This parameter controlls the |
|---|
| 8934 | horizontal range to which the smoothing is applied. The range is given |
|---|
| 8935 | in gridpoints counted from the respective outflow boundary. For further |
|---|
| 8936 | details about the smoothing see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_damp_max">km_damp_max</a>, |
|---|
| 8937 | which defines the magnitude of the damping.</td> |
|---|
| 8938 | |
|---|
| 8939 | |
|---|
| 8940 | |
|---|
| 8941 | |
|---|
| 8942 | |
|---|
| 8943 | |
|---|
| 8944 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8945 | |
|---|
| 8946 | |
|---|
| 8947 | |
|---|
| 8948 | |
|---|
| 8949 | |
|---|
| 8950 | |
|---|
| 8951 | |
|---|
| 8952 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8953 | |
|---|
| 8954 | |
|---|
| 8955 | |
|---|
| 8956 | |
|---|
| 8957 | |
|---|
| 8958 | |
|---|
| 8959 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8960 | |
|---|
| 8961 | |
|---|
| 8962 | |
|---|
| 8963 | |
|---|
| 8964 | |
|---|
| 8965 | |
|---|
| 8966 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_e"></a><b>overshoot_limit_e</b></p> |
|---|
| 8967 | |
|---|
| 8968 | |
|---|
| 8969 | |
|---|
| 8970 | |
|---|
| 8971 | |
|---|
| 8972 | |
|---|
| 8973 | |
|---|
| 8974 | </td> |
|---|
| 8975 | |
|---|
| 8976 | |
|---|
| 8977 | |
|---|
| 8978 | |
|---|
| 8979 | |
|---|
| 8980 | |
|---|
| 8981 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 8982 | |
|---|
| 8983 | |
|---|
| 8984 | |
|---|
| 8985 | |
|---|
| 8986 | |
|---|
| 8987 | |
|---|
| 8988 | |
|---|
| 8989 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 8990 | |
|---|
| 8991 | |
|---|
| 8992 | |
|---|
| 8993 | |
|---|
| 8994 | |
|---|
| 8995 | |
|---|
| 8996 | |
|---|
| 8997 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8998 | |
|---|
| 8999 | |
|---|
| 9000 | |
|---|
| 9001 | |
|---|
| 9002 | |
|---|
| 9003 | |
|---|
| 9004 | <p>Allowed limit |
|---|
| 9005 | for the overshooting of subgrid-scale TKE in |
|---|
| 9006 | case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>). |
|---|
| 9007 | </p> |
|---|
| 9008 | |
|---|
| 9009 | |
|---|
| 9010 | |
|---|
| 9011 | |
|---|
| 9012 | |
|---|
| 9013 | |
|---|
| 9014 | |
|---|
| 9015 | |
|---|
| 9016 | |
|---|
| 9017 | |
|---|
| 9018 | |
|---|
| 9019 | |
|---|
| 9020 | |
|---|
| 9021 | <p< |
|---|
