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| 29 | <title>PALM chapter 4.1</title></head> |
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| 30 | <body> |
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| 31 | |
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| 36 | |
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| 37 | <h3><a name="chapter4.1"></a>4.1 |
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| 38 | Initialization parameters</h3> |
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| 39 | |
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| 40 | |
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| 41 | |
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| 42 | |
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| 43 | |
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| 44 | |
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| 45 | |
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| 46 | <br> |
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| 47 | |
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| 49 | |
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| 51 | |
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| 52 | |
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| 53 | <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> |
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| 54 | |
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| 59 | |
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| 60 | <tbody> |
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| 61 | |
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| 66 | |
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| 67 | |
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| 68 | <tr> |
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| 69 | |
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| 71 | |
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| 72 | |
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| 73 | |
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| 74 | |
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| 75 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter name</b></font></td> |
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| 76 | |
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| 77 | |
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| 79 | |
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| 80 | |
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| 81 | |
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| 82 | |
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| 83 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td> |
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| 84 | |
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| 85 | |
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| 86 | |
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| 87 | |
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| 88 | |
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| 89 | |
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| 90 | |
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| 91 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 92 | |
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| 93 | |
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| 94 | |
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| 95 | |
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| 96 | |
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| 97 | |
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| 98 | <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br> |
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| 99 | |
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| 100 | |
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| 101 | |
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| 102 | |
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| 103 | |
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| 104 | |
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| 105 | <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p> |
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| 106 | |
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| 107 | |
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| 108 | |
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| 109 | |
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| 110 | |
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| 111 | |
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| 112 | </td> |
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| 113 | |
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| 114 | |
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| 115 | |
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| 116 | |
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| 117 | |
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| 118 | |
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| 119 | |
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| 120 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td> |
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| 121 | |
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| 122 | |
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| 123 | |
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| 124 | |
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| 125 | |
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| 126 | |
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| 127 | |
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| 128 | </tr> |
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| 129 | |
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| 131 | |
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| 132 | |
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| 133 | |
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| 134 | |
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| 135 | <tr> |
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| 136 | |
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| 139 | |
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| 140 | |
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| 141 | |
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| 142 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 143 | |
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| 144 | |
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| 145 | |
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| 146 | |
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| 147 | |
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| 148 | |
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| 149 | <p><a name="adjust_mixing_length"></a><b>adjust_mixing_length</b></p> |
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| 150 | |
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| 151 | |
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| 152 | |
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| 153 | |
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| 154 | |
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| 155 | |
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| 156 | |
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| 157 | </td> |
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| 158 | |
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| 159 | |
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| 160 | |
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| 161 | |
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| 162 | |
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| 163 | |
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| 164 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
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| 165 | |
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| 166 | |
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| 167 | |
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| 168 | |
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| 169 | |
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| 170 | |
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| 171 | |
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| 172 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
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| 173 | |
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| 174 | |
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| 175 | |
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| 176 | |
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| 177 | |
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| 178 | |
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| 179 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 180 | |
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| 181 | |
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| 182 | |
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| 183 | |
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| 184 | |
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| 185 | |
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| 186 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Near-surface adjustment of the |
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| 187 | mixing length to the Prandtl-layer law. </p> |
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| 188 | |
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| 189 | |
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| 190 | |
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| 191 | |
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| 192 | |
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| 193 | |
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| 194 | |
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| 195 | |
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| 196 | |
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| 197 | |
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| 198 | |
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| 199 | |
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| 200 | |
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| 201 | <p>Usually |
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| 202 | the mixing length in LES models l<sub>LES</sub> |
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| 203 | depends (as in PALM) on the grid size and is possibly restricted |
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| 204 | further in case of stable stratification and near the lower wall (see |
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| 205 | parameter <a href="#wall_adjustment">wall_adjustment</a>). |
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| 206 | With <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> |
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| 207 | the Prandtl' mixing length l<sub>PR</sub> = kappa * z/phi |
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| 208 | is calculated |
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| 209 | and the mixing length actually used in the model is set l = MIN (l<sub>LES</sub>, |
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| 210 | l<sub>PR</sub>). This usually gives a decrease of the |
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| 211 | mixing length at |
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| 212 | the bottom boundary and considers the fact that eddy sizes |
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| 213 | decrease in the vicinity of the wall. </p> |
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| 214 | |
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| 215 | |
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| 216 | |
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| 217 | |
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| 219 | |
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| 221 | |
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| 222 | |
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| 223 | |
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| 224 | |
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| 225 | |
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| 226 | |
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| 227 | <p style="font-style: normal;"><b>Warning:</b> So |
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| 228 | far, there is |
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| 229 | no good experience with <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> ! </p> |
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| 230 | |
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| 231 | |
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| 232 | |
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| 233 | |
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| 234 | |
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| 235 | |
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| 237 | |
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| 238 | |
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| 239 | |
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| 240 | |
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| 241 | |
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| 242 | |
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| 243 | <p>With <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and the |
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| 244 | Prandtl-layer being |
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| 245 | switched on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>) |
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| 246 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*)** 2+neumann'</span> |
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| 247 | should always be set as the lower boundary condition for the TKE (see <a href="#bc_e_b">bc_e_b</a>), |
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| 248 | otherwise the near-surface value of the TKE is not in agreement with |
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| 249 | the Prandtl-layer law (Prandtl-layer law and Prandtl-Kolmogorov-Ansatz |
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| 250 | should provide the same value for K<sub>m</sub>). A warning |
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| 251 | is given, |
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| 252 | if this is not the case.</p> |
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| 253 | |
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| 254 | |
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| 255 | |
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| 256 | |
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| 257 | |
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| 258 | |
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| 259 | </td> |
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| 260 | |
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| 261 | |
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| 262 | |
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| 263 | |
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| 264 | |
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| 265 | |
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| 266 | </tr> |
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| 267 | |
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| 268 | |
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| 269 | |
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| 270 | |
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| 271 | |
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| 272 | |
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| 273 | <tr> |
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| 274 | |
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| 275 | |
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| 277 | |
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| 278 | |
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| 279 | |
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| 280 | |
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| 281 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 282 | |
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| 283 | |
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| 284 | |
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| 285 | |
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| 286 | |
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| 287 | |
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| 288 | <p><a name="alpha_surface"></a><b>alpha_surface</b></p> |
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| 289 | |
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| 290 | |
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| 291 | |
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| 292 | |
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| 293 | |
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| 294 | |
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| 295 | |
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| 296 | </td> |
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| 297 | |
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| 298 | |
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| 299 | |
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| 300 | |
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| 301 | |
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| 302 | |
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| 303 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
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| 304 | |
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| 305 | |
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| 306 | |
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| 307 | |
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| 308 | |
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| 309 | |
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| 310 | </td> |
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| 311 | |
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| 312 | |
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| 313 | |
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| 314 | |
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| 315 | |
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| 316 | |
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| 317 | |
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| 318 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
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| 319 | |
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| 320 | |
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| 321 | |
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| 322 | |
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| 323 | |
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| 324 | |
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| 325 | </td> |
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| 326 | |
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| 327 | |
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| 328 | |
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| 329 | |
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| 330 | |
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| 331 | |
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| 332 | |
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| 333 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 334 | |
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| 335 | |
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| 336 | |
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| 337 | |
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| 338 | |
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| 339 | |
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| 340 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Inclination of the model domain |
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| 341 | with respect to the horizontal (in degrees). </p> |
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| 342 | |
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| 343 | |
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| 344 | |
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| 345 | |
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| 347 | |
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| 351 | |
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| 353 | |
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| 354 | |
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| 355 | <p style="font-style: normal;">By means of <b>alpha_surface</b> |
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| 356 | the model domain can be inclined in x-direction with respect to the |
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| 357 | horizontal. In this way flows over inclined surfaces (e.g. drainage |
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| 358 | flows, gravity flows) can be simulated. In case of <b>alpha_surface |
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| 359 | </b>/= <span style="font-style: italic;">0</span> |
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| 360 | the buoyancy term |
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| 361 | appears both in |
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| 362 | the equation of motion of the u-component and of the w-component.<br> |
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| 363 | |
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| 364 | |
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| 365 | |
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| 366 | |
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| 367 | |
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| 368 | |
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| 369 | |
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| 370 | </p> |
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| 371 | |
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| 372 | |
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| 373 | |
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| 374 | |
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| 375 | |
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| 376 | |
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| 377 | |
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| 378 | |
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| 379 | |
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| 380 | |
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| 381 | |
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| 382 | |
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| 383 | |
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| 384 | <p style="font-style: normal;">An inclination |
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| 385 | is only possible in |
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| 386 | case of cyclic horizontal boundary conditions along x AND y (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
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| 387 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>) and <a href="#topography">topography</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span>. </p> |
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| 388 | |
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| 389 | |
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| 390 | |
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| 391 | |
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| 392 | |
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| 393 | |
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| 394 | |
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| 395 | |
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| 396 | |
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| 397 | |
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| 398 | |
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| 399 | |
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| 400 | |
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| 401 | <p>Runs with inclined surface still require additional |
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| 402 | user-defined code as well as modifications to the default code. Please |
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| 403 | ask the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/PALM_group.html#0">PALM |
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| 404 | developer group</a>.</p> |
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| 405 | |
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| 406 | |
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| 407 | |
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| 408 | |
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| 409 | |
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| 410 | |
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| 411 | </td> |
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| 412 | |
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| 413 | |
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| 414 | |
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| 415 | |
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| 416 | |
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| 417 | |
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| 418 | </tr> |
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| 419 | |
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| 420 | |
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| 421 | |
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| 422 | |
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| 423 | |
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| 424 | |
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| 425 | |
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| 426 | <tr> |
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| 427 | |
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| 428 | |
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| 429 | |
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| 430 | |
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| 431 | |
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| 432 | |
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| 433 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 434 | |
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| 435 | |
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| 436 | |
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| 437 | |
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| 438 | |
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| 439 | |
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| 440 | <p><a name="bc_e_b"></a><b>bc_e_b</b></p> |
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| 441 | |
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| 442 | |
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| 443 | |
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| 444 | |
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| 445 | |
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| 446 | |
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| 447 | </td> |
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| 448 | |
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| 449 | |
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| 450 | |
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| 451 | |
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| 452 | |
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| 453 | |
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| 454 | |
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| 455 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
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| 456 | |
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| 457 | |
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| 458 | |
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| 459 | |
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| 460 | |
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| 461 | |
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| 462 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
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| 463 | |
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| 464 | |
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| 465 | |
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| 466 | |
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| 467 | |
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| 468 | |
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| 469 | |
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| 470 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 471 | |
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| 472 | |
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| 473 | |
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| 474 | |
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| 475 | |
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| 476 | |
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| 477 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
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| 478 | TKE. </p> |
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| 479 | |
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| 480 | |
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| 481 | |
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| 482 | |
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| 483 | |
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| 484 | |
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| 485 | |
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| 486 | |
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| 487 | |
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| 488 | |
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| 489 | |
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| 490 | |
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| 491 | |
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| 492 | <p><b>bc_e_b</b> may be |
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| 493 | set to <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
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| 494 | or <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*) ** 2+neumann'</span>. |
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| 495 | <b>bc_e_b</b> |
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| 496 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
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| 497 | yields to |
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| 498 | e(k=0)=e(k=1) (Neumann boundary condition), where e(k=1) is calculated |
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| 499 | via the prognostic TKE equation. Choice of <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*)**2+neumann'</span> |
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| 500 | also yields to |
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| 501 | e(k=0)=e(k=1), but the TKE at the Prandtl-layer top (k=1) is calculated |
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| 502 | diagnostically by e(k=1)=(us/0.1)**2. However, this is only allowed if |
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| 503 | a Prandtl-layer is used (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>). |
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| 504 | If this is not the case, a warning is given and <b>bc_e_b</b> |
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| 505 | is reset |
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| 506 | to <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
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| 507 | </p> |
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| 508 | |
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| 509 | |
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| 510 | |
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| 511 | |
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| 512 | |
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| 513 | |
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| 514 | |
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| 515 | |
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| 516 | |
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| 517 | |
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| 518 | |
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| 519 | |
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| 520 | |
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| 521 | <p style="font-style: normal;">At the top |
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| 522 | boundary a Neumann |
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| 523 | boundary condition is generally used: (e(nz+1) = e(nz)).</p> |
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| 524 | |
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| 525 | |
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| 526 | |
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| 527 | |
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| 528 | |
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| 529 | |
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| 530 | </td> |
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| 531 | |
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| 532 | |
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| 533 | |
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| 534 | |
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| 535 | |
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| 536 | |
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| 537 | |
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| 538 | </tr> |
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| 539 | |
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| 540 | |
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| 541 | |
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| 542 | |
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| 543 | |
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| 544 | |
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| 545 | <tr> |
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| 546 | |
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| 547 | |
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| 548 | |
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| 549 | |
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| 550 | |
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| 551 | |
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| 552 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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| 553 | |
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| 554 | |
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| 555 | |
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| 556 | |
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| 557 | |
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| 558 | |
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| 559 | <p><a name="bc_lr"></a><b>bc_lr</b></p> |
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| 560 | |
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| 561 | |
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| 562 | |
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| 563 | |
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| 564 | |
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| 565 | |
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| 566 | |
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| 567 | </td> |
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| 568 | |
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| 569 | |
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| 570 | |
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| 571 | |
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| 572 | |
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| 573 | |
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| 574 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
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| 575 | |
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| 576 | |
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| 577 | |
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| 578 | |
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| 579 | |
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| 580 | |
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| 581 | |
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| 582 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td> |
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| 583 | |
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| 584 | |
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| 585 | |
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| 586 | |
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| 587 | |
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| 588 | |
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| 589 | |
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| 590 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary |
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| 591 | condition along x (for all quantities).<br> |
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| 592 | |
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| 593 | |
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| 594 | |
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| 595 | |
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| 596 | |
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| 597 | |
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| 598 | <br> |
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| 599 | |
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| 600 | |
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| 601 | |
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| 602 | |
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| 603 | |
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| 604 | |
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| 605 | |
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| 606 | By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along x.<br> |
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| 607 | |
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| 608 | |
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| 609 | |
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| 610 | |
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| 611 | |
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| 612 | |
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| 613 | <br> |
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| 614 | |
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| 615 | |
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| 616 | |
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| 617 | |
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| 618 | |
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| 619 | |
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| 620 | |
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| 621 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_lr</span> may |
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| 622 | also be |
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| 623 | assigned the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet/radiation'</span> |
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| 624 | (inflow from left, outflow to the right) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'radiation/dirichlet'</span> |
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| 625 | (inflow from |
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| 626 | right, outflow to the left). This requires the multi-grid method to be |
|---|
| 627 | used for solving the Poisson equation for perturbation pressure (see <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
|---|
| 628 | and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along y (see <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 629 | |
|---|
| 630 | |
|---|
| 631 | |
|---|
| 632 | |
|---|
| 633 | |
|---|
| 634 | |
|---|
| 635 | <br> |
|---|
| 636 | |
|---|
| 637 | |
|---|
| 638 | |
|---|
| 639 | |
|---|
| 640 | |
|---|
| 641 | |
|---|
| 642 | |
|---|
| 643 | In case of these non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a Dirichlet condition |
|---|
| 644 | is used at the inflow for all quantities (initial vertical profiles - |
|---|
| 645 | see <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 646 | - are fixed during the run) except u, to which a Neumann (zero |
|---|
| 647 | gradient) condition is applied. At the outflow, a radiation condition is used for all velocity components, while a Neumann (zero |
|---|
| 648 | gradient) condition is used for the scalars. For perturbation |
|---|
| 649 | pressure Neumann (zero gradient) conditions are assumed both at the |
|---|
| 650 | inflow and at the outflow.<br> |
|---|
| 651 | |
|---|
| 652 | |
|---|
| 653 | |
|---|
| 654 | |
|---|
| 655 | |
|---|
| 656 | |
|---|
| 657 | <br> |
|---|
| 658 | |
|---|
| 659 | |
|---|
| 660 | |
|---|
| 661 | |
|---|
| 662 | |
|---|
| 663 | |
|---|
| 664 | |
|---|
| 665 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a filter is applied to the |
|---|
| 666 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
|---|
| 667 | reflections of outgoing disturbances (see <a href="#km_damp_max">km_damp_max</a> |
|---|
| 668 | and <a href="#outflow_damping_width">outflow_damping_width</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 669 | |
|---|
| 670 | |
|---|
| 671 | |
|---|
| 672 | |
|---|
| 673 | |
|---|
| 674 | |
|---|
| 675 | |
|---|
| 676 | <br> |
|---|
| 677 | |
|---|
| 678 | |
|---|
| 679 | |
|---|
| 680 | |
|---|
| 681 | |
|---|
| 682 | |
|---|
| 683 | |
|---|
| 684 | In order to maintain a turbulent state of the flow, it may be |
|---|
| 685 | neccessary to continuously impose perturbations on the horizontal |
|---|
| 686 | velocity field in the vicinity of the inflow throughout the whole run. |
|---|
| 687 | This can be switched on using <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>. |
|---|
| 688 | The horizontal range to which these perturbations are applied is |
|---|
| 689 | controlled by the parameters <a href="#inflow_disturbance_begin">inflow_disturbance_begin</a> |
|---|
| 690 | and <a href="#inflow_disturbance_end">inflow_disturbance_end</a>. |
|---|
| 691 | The vertical range and the perturbation amplitude are given by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_level_b</a>, |
|---|
| 692 | <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_level_t</a>, |
|---|
| 693 | and <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_amplitude</a>. |
|---|
| 694 | The time interval at which perturbations are to be imposed is set by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#dt_disturb">dt_disturb</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 695 | |
|---|
| 696 | |
|---|
| 697 | |
|---|
| 698 | |
|---|
| 699 | |
|---|
| 700 | |
|---|
| 701 | |
|---|
| 702 | <br> |
|---|
| 703 | |
|---|
| 704 | |
|---|
| 705 | |
|---|
| 706 | |
|---|
| 707 | |
|---|
| 708 | |
|---|
| 709 | |
|---|
| 710 | In case of non-cyclic horizontal boundaries <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#call_psolver_at_all_substeps">call_psolver |
|---|
| 711 | at_all_substeps</a> = .T. should be used.<br> |
|---|
| 712 | |
|---|
| 713 | |
|---|
| 714 | |
|---|
| 715 | |
|---|
| 716 | |
|---|
| 717 | |
|---|
| 718 | <br> |
|---|
| 719 | |
|---|
| 720 | |
|---|
| 721 | |
|---|
| 722 | |
|---|
| 723 | |
|---|
| 724 | |
|---|
| 725 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
|---|
| 726 | |
|---|
| 727 | |
|---|
| 728 | |
|---|
| 729 | |
|---|
| 730 | |
|---|
| 731 | |
|---|
| 732 | |
|---|
| 733 | Using non-cyclic lateral boundaries requires very sensitive adjustments |
|---|
| 734 | of the inflow (vertical profiles) and the bottom boundary conditions, |
|---|
| 735 | e.g. a surface heating should not be applied near the inflow boundary |
|---|
| 736 | because this may significantly disturb the inflow. Please check the |
|---|
| 737 | model results very carefully.</td> |
|---|
| 738 | |
|---|
| 739 | |
|---|
| 740 | |
|---|
| 741 | |
|---|
| 742 | |
|---|
| 743 | |
|---|
| 744 | </tr> |
|---|
| 745 | |
|---|
| 746 | |
|---|
| 747 | |
|---|
| 748 | |
|---|
| 749 | |
|---|
| 750 | |
|---|
| 751 | <tr> |
|---|
| 752 | |
|---|
| 753 | |
|---|
| 754 | |
|---|
| 755 | |
|---|
| 756 | |
|---|
| 757 | |
|---|
| 758 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 759 | |
|---|
| 760 | |
|---|
| 761 | |
|---|
| 762 | |
|---|
| 763 | |
|---|
| 764 | |
|---|
| 765 | <p><a name="bc_ns"></a><b>bc_ns</b></p> |
|---|
| 766 | |
|---|
| 767 | |
|---|
| 768 | |
|---|
| 769 | |
|---|
| 770 | |
|---|
| 771 | |
|---|
| 772 | |
|---|
| 773 | </td> |
|---|
| 774 | |
|---|
| 775 | |
|---|
| 776 | |
|---|
| 777 | |
|---|
| 778 | |
|---|
| 779 | |
|---|
| 780 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 781 | |
|---|
| 782 | |
|---|
| 783 | |
|---|
| 784 | |
|---|
| 785 | |
|---|
| 786 | |
|---|
| 787 | |
|---|
| 788 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td> |
|---|
| 789 | |
|---|
| 790 | |
|---|
| 791 | |
|---|
| 792 | |
|---|
| 793 | |
|---|
| 794 | |
|---|
| 795 | |
|---|
| 796 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary |
|---|
| 797 | condition along y (for all quantities).<br> |
|---|
| 798 | |
|---|
| 799 | |
|---|
| 800 | |
|---|
| 801 | |
|---|
| 802 | |
|---|
| 803 | |
|---|
| 804 | <br> |
|---|
| 805 | |
|---|
| 806 | |
|---|
| 807 | |
|---|
| 808 | |
|---|
| 809 | |
|---|
| 810 | |
|---|
| 811 | |
|---|
| 812 | By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along y.<br> |
|---|
| 813 | |
|---|
| 814 | |
|---|
| 815 | |
|---|
| 816 | |
|---|
| 817 | |
|---|
| 818 | |
|---|
| 819 | <br> |
|---|
| 820 | |
|---|
| 821 | |
|---|
| 822 | |
|---|
| 823 | |
|---|
| 824 | |
|---|
| 825 | |
|---|
| 826 | |
|---|
| 827 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_ns</span> may |
|---|
| 828 | also be |
|---|
| 829 | assigned the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet/radiation'</span> |
|---|
| 830 | (inflow from rear ("north"), outflow to the front ("south")) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'radiation/dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 831 | (inflow from front ("south"), outflow to the rear ("north")). This |
|---|
| 832 | requires the multi-grid |
|---|
| 833 | method to be used for solving the Poisson equation for perturbation |
|---|
| 834 | pressure (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
|---|
| 835 | and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along x (see<br> |
|---|
| 836 | |
|---|
| 837 | |
|---|
| 838 | |
|---|
| 839 | |
|---|
| 840 | |
|---|
| 841 | |
|---|
| 842 | <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 843 | |
|---|
| 844 | |
|---|
| 845 | |
|---|
| 846 | |
|---|
| 847 | |
|---|
| 848 | |
|---|
| 849 | <br> |
|---|
| 850 | |
|---|
| 851 | |
|---|
| 852 | |
|---|
| 853 | |
|---|
| 854 | |
|---|
| 855 | |
|---|
| 856 | |
|---|
| 857 | In case of these non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a Dirichlet condition |
|---|
| 858 | is used at the inflow for all quantities (initial vertical profiles - |
|---|
| 859 | see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 860 | - are fixed during the run) except u, to which a Neumann (zero |
|---|
| 861 | gradient) condition is applied. At the outflow, a radiation condition is used for all velocity components, while a Neumann (zero |
|---|
| 862 | gradient) condition is used for the scalars. For perturbation |
|---|
| 863 | pressure Neumann (zero gradient) conditions are assumed both at the |
|---|
| 864 | inflow and at the outflow.<br> |
|---|
| 865 | |
|---|
| 866 | |
|---|
| 867 | |
|---|
| 868 | |
|---|
| 869 | |
|---|
| 870 | |
|---|
| 871 | <br> |
|---|
| 872 | |
|---|
| 873 | |
|---|
| 874 | |
|---|
| 875 | |
|---|
| 876 | |
|---|
| 877 | |
|---|
| 878 | |
|---|
| 879 | For further details regarding non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions |
|---|
| 880 | see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 881 | |
|---|
| 882 | |
|---|
| 883 | |
|---|
| 884 | |
|---|
| 885 | |
|---|
| 886 | |
|---|
| 887 | </tr> |
|---|
| 888 | |
|---|
| 889 | |
|---|
| 890 | |
|---|
| 891 | |
|---|
| 892 | |
|---|
| 893 | |
|---|
| 894 | |
|---|
| 895 | <tr> |
|---|
| 896 | |
|---|
| 897 | |
|---|
| 898 | |
|---|
| 899 | |
|---|
| 900 | |
|---|
| 901 | |
|---|
| 902 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 903 | |
|---|
| 904 | |
|---|
| 905 | |
|---|
| 906 | |
|---|
| 907 | |
|---|
| 908 | |
|---|
| 909 | <p><a name="bc_p_b"></a><b>bc_p_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 910 | |
|---|
| 911 | |
|---|
| 912 | |
|---|
| 913 | |
|---|
| 914 | |
|---|
| 915 | |
|---|
| 916 | </td> |
|---|
| 917 | |
|---|
| 918 | |
|---|
| 919 | |
|---|
| 920 | |
|---|
| 921 | |
|---|
| 922 | |
|---|
| 923 | |
|---|
| 924 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 925 | |
|---|
| 926 | |
|---|
| 927 | |
|---|
| 928 | |
|---|
| 929 | |
|---|
| 930 | |
|---|
| 931 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
|---|
| 932 | |
|---|
| 933 | |
|---|
| 934 | |
|---|
| 935 | |
|---|
| 936 | |
|---|
| 937 | |
|---|
| 938 | |
|---|
| 939 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 940 | |
|---|
| 941 | |
|---|
| 942 | |
|---|
| 943 | |
|---|
| 944 | |
|---|
| 945 | |
|---|
| 946 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 947 | perturbation pressure. </p> |
|---|
| 948 | |
|---|
| 949 | |
|---|
| 950 | |
|---|
| 951 | |
|---|
| 952 | |
|---|
| 953 | |
|---|
| 954 | |
|---|
| 955 | |
|---|
| 956 | |
|---|
| 957 | |
|---|
| 958 | |
|---|
| 959 | |
|---|
| 960 | |
|---|
| 961 | <p>Allowed values |
|---|
| 962 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>, |
|---|
| 963 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 964 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span>. |
|---|
| 965 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 966 | sets |
|---|
| 967 | p(k=0)=0.0, <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 968 | sets p(k=0)=p(k=1). <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span> |
|---|
| 969 | corresponds to an extended Neumann boundary condition where heat flux |
|---|
| 970 | or temperature inhomogeneities near the |
|---|
| 971 | surface (pt(k=1)) are additionally regarded (see Shen and |
|---|
| 972 | LeClerc |
|---|
| 973 | (1995, Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., |
|---|
| 974 | 1209)). This condition is only permitted with the Prandtl-layer |
|---|
| 975 | switched on (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>), |
|---|
| 976 | otherwise the run is terminated. </p> |
|---|
| 977 | |
|---|
| 978 | |
|---|
| 979 | |
|---|
| 980 | |
|---|
| 981 | |
|---|
| 982 | |
|---|
| 983 | |
|---|
| 984 | |
|---|
| 985 | |
|---|
| 986 | |
|---|
| 987 | |
|---|
| 988 | |
|---|
| 989 | |
|---|
| 990 | <p>Since |
|---|
| 991 | at the bottom boundary of the model the vertical |
|---|
| 992 | velocity |
|---|
| 993 | disappears (w(k=0) = 0.0), the consistent Neumann condition (<span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span>) |
|---|
| 994 | dp/dz = 0 should |
|---|
| 995 | be used, which leaves the vertical component w unchanged when the |
|---|
| 996 | pressure solver is applied. Simultaneous use of the Neumann boundary |
|---|
| 997 | conditions both at the bottom and at the top boundary (<a href="#bc_p_t">bc_p_t</a>) |
|---|
| 998 | usually yields no consistent solution for the perturbation pressure and |
|---|
| 999 | should be avoided.</p> |
|---|
| 1000 | |
|---|
| 1001 | |
|---|
| 1002 | |
|---|
| 1003 | |
|---|
| 1004 | |
|---|
| 1005 | |
|---|
| 1006 | </td> |
|---|
| 1007 | |
|---|
| 1008 | |
|---|
| 1009 | |
|---|
| 1010 | |
|---|
| 1011 | |
|---|
| 1012 | |
|---|
| 1013 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1014 | |
|---|
| 1015 | |
|---|
| 1016 | |
|---|
| 1017 | |
|---|
| 1018 | |
|---|
| 1019 | |
|---|
| 1020 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1021 | |
|---|
| 1022 | |
|---|
| 1023 | |
|---|
| 1024 | |
|---|
| 1025 | |
|---|
| 1026 | |
|---|
| 1027 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1028 | |
|---|
| 1029 | |
|---|
| 1030 | |
|---|
| 1031 | |
|---|
| 1032 | |
|---|
| 1033 | |
|---|
| 1034 | <p><a name="bc_p_t"></a><b>bc_p_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 1035 | |
|---|
| 1036 | |
|---|
| 1037 | |
|---|
| 1038 | |
|---|
| 1039 | |
|---|
| 1040 | |
|---|
| 1041 | |
|---|
| 1042 | </td> |
|---|
| 1043 | |
|---|
| 1044 | |
|---|
| 1045 | |
|---|
| 1046 | |
|---|
| 1047 | |
|---|
| 1048 | |
|---|
| 1049 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1050 | |
|---|
| 1051 | |
|---|
| 1052 | |
|---|
| 1053 | |
|---|
| 1054 | |
|---|
| 1055 | |
|---|
| 1056 | |
|---|
| 1057 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1058 | |
|---|
| 1059 | |
|---|
| 1060 | |
|---|
| 1061 | |
|---|
| 1062 | |
|---|
| 1063 | |
|---|
| 1064 | |
|---|
| 1065 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1066 | |
|---|
| 1067 | |
|---|
| 1068 | |
|---|
| 1069 | |
|---|
| 1070 | |
|---|
| 1071 | |
|---|
| 1072 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1073 | perturbation pressure. </p> |
|---|
| 1074 | |
|---|
| 1075 | |
|---|
| 1076 | |
|---|
| 1077 | |
|---|
| 1078 | |
|---|
| 1079 | |
|---|
| 1080 | |
|---|
| 1081 | |
|---|
| 1082 | |
|---|
| 1083 | |
|---|
| 1084 | |
|---|
| 1085 | |
|---|
| 1086 | |
|---|
| 1087 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1088 | (p(k=nz+1)= 0.0) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1089 | (p(k=nz+1)=p(k=nz)). </p> |
|---|
| 1090 | |
|---|
| 1091 | |
|---|
| 1092 | |
|---|
| 1093 | |
|---|
| 1094 | |
|---|
| 1095 | |
|---|
| 1096 | |
|---|
| 1097 | |
|---|
| 1098 | |
|---|
| 1099 | |
|---|
| 1100 | |
|---|
| 1101 | |
|---|
| 1102 | |
|---|
| 1103 | <p>Simultaneous use |
|---|
| 1104 | of Neumann boundary conditions both at the |
|---|
| 1105 | top and bottom boundary (<a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a>) |
|---|
| 1106 | usually yields no consistent solution for the perturbation pressure and |
|---|
| 1107 | should be avoided. Since at the bottom boundary the Neumann |
|---|
| 1108 | condition is a good choice (see <a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a>), |
|---|
| 1109 | a Dirichlet condition should be set at the top boundary.</p> |
|---|
| 1110 | |
|---|
| 1111 | |
|---|
| 1112 | |
|---|
| 1113 | |
|---|
| 1114 | |
|---|
| 1115 | |
|---|
| 1116 | </td> |
|---|
| 1117 | |
|---|
| 1118 | |
|---|
| 1119 | |
|---|
| 1120 | |
|---|
| 1121 | |
|---|
| 1122 | |
|---|
| 1123 | |
|---|
| 1124 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1125 | |
|---|
| 1126 | |
|---|
| 1127 | |
|---|
| 1128 | |
|---|
| 1129 | |
|---|
| 1130 | |
|---|
| 1131 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1132 | |
|---|
| 1133 | |
|---|
| 1134 | |
|---|
| 1135 | |
|---|
| 1136 | |
|---|
| 1137 | |
|---|
| 1138 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1139 | |
|---|
| 1140 | |
|---|
| 1141 | |
|---|
| 1142 | |
|---|
| 1143 | |
|---|
| 1144 | |
|---|
| 1145 | <p><a name="bc_pt_b"></a><b>bc_pt_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 1146 | |
|---|
| 1147 | |
|---|
| 1148 | |
|---|
| 1149 | |
|---|
| 1150 | |
|---|
| 1151 | |
|---|
| 1152 | |
|---|
| 1153 | </td> |
|---|
| 1154 | |
|---|
| 1155 | |
|---|
| 1156 | |
|---|
| 1157 | |
|---|
| 1158 | |
|---|
| 1159 | |
|---|
| 1160 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20</td> |
|---|
| 1161 | |
|---|
| 1162 | |
|---|
| 1163 | |
|---|
| 1164 | |
|---|
| 1165 | |
|---|
| 1166 | |
|---|
| 1167 | |
|---|
| 1168 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1169 | |
|---|
| 1170 | |
|---|
| 1171 | |
|---|
| 1172 | |
|---|
| 1173 | |
|---|
| 1174 | |
|---|
| 1175 | |
|---|
| 1176 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1177 | |
|---|
| 1178 | |
|---|
| 1179 | |
|---|
| 1180 | |
|---|
| 1181 | |
|---|
| 1182 | |
|---|
| 1183 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1184 | potential temperature. </p> |
|---|
| 1185 | |
|---|
| 1186 | |
|---|
| 1187 | |
|---|
| 1188 | |
|---|
| 1189 | |
|---|
| 1190 | |
|---|
| 1191 | |
|---|
| 1192 | |
|---|
| 1193 | |
|---|
| 1194 | |
|---|
| 1195 | |
|---|
| 1196 | |
|---|
| 1197 | |
|---|
| 1198 | <p>Allowed values |
|---|
| 1199 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1200 | (pt(k=0) = const. = <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a> |
|---|
| 1201 | + <a href="#pt_surface_initial_change">pt_surface_initial_change</a>; |
|---|
| 1202 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
|---|
| 1203 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1204 | (pt(k=0)=pt(k=1)). <br> |
|---|
| 1205 | |
|---|
| 1206 | |
|---|
| 1207 | |
|---|
| 1208 | |
|---|
| 1209 | |
|---|
| 1210 | |
|---|
| 1211 | |
|---|
| 1212 | When a constant surface sensible heat flux is used (<a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>), <b>bc_pt_b</b> |
|---|
| 1213 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1214 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 1215 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 1216 | |
|---|
| 1217 | |
|---|
| 1218 | |
|---|
| 1219 | |
|---|
| 1220 | |
|---|
| 1221 | |
|---|
| 1222 | |
|---|
| 1223 | |
|---|
| 1224 | |
|---|
| 1225 | |
|---|
| 1226 | |
|---|
| 1227 | |
|---|
| 1228 | <p>In the <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> atmosphere executable, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a> is internally set and does not need to be prescribed.</p> |
|---|
| 1229 | |
|---|
| 1230 | |
|---|
| 1231 | |
|---|
| 1232 | |
|---|
| 1233 | |
|---|
| 1234 | |
|---|
| 1235 | |
|---|
| 1236 | </td> |
|---|
| 1237 | |
|---|
| 1238 | |
|---|
| 1239 | |
|---|
| 1240 | |
|---|
| 1241 | |
|---|
| 1242 | |
|---|
| 1243 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1244 | |
|---|
| 1245 | |
|---|
| 1246 | |
|---|
| 1247 | |
|---|
| 1248 | |
|---|
| 1249 | |
|---|
| 1250 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1251 | |
|---|
| 1252 | |
|---|
| 1253 | |
|---|
| 1254 | |
|---|
| 1255 | |
|---|
| 1256 | |
|---|
| 1257 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1258 | |
|---|
| 1259 | |
|---|
| 1260 | |
|---|
| 1261 | |
|---|
| 1262 | |
|---|
| 1263 | |
|---|
| 1264 | <p><a name="pc_pt_t"></a><b>bc_pt_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 1265 | |
|---|
| 1266 | |
|---|
| 1267 | |
|---|
| 1268 | |
|---|
| 1269 | |
|---|
| 1270 | |
|---|
| 1271 | |
|---|
| 1272 | </td> |
|---|
| 1273 | |
|---|
| 1274 | |
|---|
| 1275 | |
|---|
| 1276 | |
|---|
| 1277 | |
|---|
| 1278 | |
|---|
| 1279 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1280 | |
|---|
| 1281 | |
|---|
| 1282 | |
|---|
| 1283 | |
|---|
| 1284 | |
|---|
| 1285 | |
|---|
| 1286 | |
|---|
| 1287 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_ gradient'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1288 | |
|---|
| 1289 | |
|---|
| 1290 | |
|---|
| 1291 | |
|---|
| 1292 | |
|---|
| 1293 | |
|---|
| 1294 | |
|---|
| 1295 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1296 | |
|---|
| 1297 | |
|---|
| 1298 | |
|---|
| 1299 | |
|---|
| 1300 | |
|---|
| 1301 | |
|---|
| 1302 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1303 | potential temperature. </p> |
|---|
| 1304 | |
|---|
| 1305 | |
|---|
| 1306 | |
|---|
| 1307 | |
|---|
| 1308 | |
|---|
| 1309 | |
|---|
| 1310 | |
|---|
| 1311 | |
|---|
| 1312 | |
|---|
| 1313 | |
|---|
| 1314 | |
|---|
| 1315 | |
|---|
| 1316 | |
|---|
| 1317 | <p>Allowed are the |
|---|
| 1318 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>(pt(k=nz+1) |
|---|
| 1319 | does not change during the run), <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1320 | (pt(k=nz+1)=pt(k=nz)), and <span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_gradient'</span>. |
|---|
| 1321 | With the 'initial_gradient'-condition the value of the temperature |
|---|
| 1322 | gradient at the top is |
|---|
| 1323 | calculated from the initial |
|---|
| 1324 | temperature profile (see <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 1325 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>) |
|---|
| 1326 | by bc_pt_t_val = (pt_init(k=nz+1) - |
|---|
| 1327 | pt_init(k=nz)) / dzu(nz+1).<br> |
|---|
| 1328 | |
|---|
| 1329 | |
|---|
| 1330 | |
|---|
| 1331 | |
|---|
| 1332 | |
|---|
| 1333 | |
|---|
| 1334 | |
|---|
| 1335 | Using this value (assumed constant during the |
|---|
| 1336 | run) the temperature boundary values are calculated as </p> |
|---|
| 1337 | |
|---|
| 1338 | |
|---|
| 1339 | |
|---|
| 1340 | |
|---|
| 1341 | |
|---|
| 1342 | |
|---|
| 1343 | |
|---|
| 1344 | |
|---|
| 1345 | |
|---|
| 1346 | |
|---|
| 1347 | |
|---|
| 1348 | |
|---|
| 1349 | |
|---|
| 1350 | <ul> |
|---|
| 1351 | |
|---|
| 1352 | |
|---|
| 1353 | |
|---|
| 1354 | |
|---|
| 1355 | |
|---|
| 1356 | |
|---|
| 1357 | |
|---|
| 1358 | |
|---|
| 1359 | |
|---|
| 1360 | |
|---|
| 1361 | |
|---|
| 1362 | |
|---|
| 1363 | |
|---|
| 1364 | <p style="font-style: normal;">pt(k=nz+1) = |
|---|
| 1365 | pt(k=nz) + |
|---|
| 1366 | bc_pt_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
|---|
| 1367 | |
|---|
| 1368 | |
|---|
| 1369 | |
|---|
| 1370 | |
|---|
| 1371 | |
|---|
| 1372 | |
|---|
| 1373 | |
|---|
| 1374 | |
|---|
| 1375 | |
|---|
| 1376 | |
|---|
| 1377 | |
|---|
| 1378 | |
|---|
| 1379 | |
|---|
| 1380 | </ul> |
|---|
| 1381 | |
|---|
| 1382 | |
|---|
| 1383 | |
|---|
| 1384 | |
|---|
| 1385 | |
|---|
| 1386 | |
|---|
| 1387 | |
|---|
| 1388 | |
|---|
| 1389 | |
|---|
| 1390 | |
|---|
| 1391 | |
|---|
| 1392 | |
|---|
| 1393 | |
|---|
| 1394 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic |
|---|
| 1395 | equation for the temperature is solved).<br> |
|---|
| 1396 | |
|---|
| 1397 | |
|---|
| 1398 | |
|---|
| 1399 | |
|---|
| 1400 | |
|---|
| 1401 | |
|---|
| 1402 | |
|---|
| 1403 | When a constant sensible heat flux is used at the top boundary (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>), |
|---|
| 1404 | <b>bc_pt_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1405 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 1406 | the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 1407 | |
|---|
| 1408 | |
|---|
| 1409 | |
|---|
| 1410 | |
|---|
| 1411 | |
|---|
| 1412 | |
|---|
| 1413 | </td> |
|---|
| 1414 | |
|---|
| 1415 | |
|---|
| 1416 | |
|---|
| 1417 | |
|---|
| 1418 | |
|---|
| 1419 | |
|---|
| 1420 | |
|---|
| 1421 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1422 | |
|---|
| 1423 | |
|---|
| 1424 | |
|---|
| 1425 | |
|---|
| 1426 | |
|---|
| 1427 | |
|---|
| 1428 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1429 | |
|---|
| 1430 | |
|---|
| 1431 | |
|---|
| 1432 | |
|---|
| 1433 | |
|---|
| 1434 | |
|---|
| 1435 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1436 | |
|---|
| 1437 | |
|---|
| 1438 | |
|---|
| 1439 | |
|---|
| 1440 | |
|---|
| 1441 | |
|---|
| 1442 | <p><a name="bc_q_b"></a><b>bc_q_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 1443 | |
|---|
| 1444 | |
|---|
| 1445 | |
|---|
| 1446 | |
|---|
| 1447 | |
|---|
| 1448 | |
|---|
| 1449 | |
|---|
| 1450 | </td> |
|---|
| 1451 | |
|---|
| 1452 | |
|---|
| 1453 | |
|---|
| 1454 | |
|---|
| 1455 | |
|---|
| 1456 | |
|---|
| 1457 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1458 | |
|---|
| 1459 | |
|---|
| 1460 | |
|---|
| 1461 | |
|---|
| 1462 | |
|---|
| 1463 | |
|---|
| 1464 | |
|---|
| 1465 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1466 | |
|---|
| 1467 | |
|---|
| 1468 | |
|---|
| 1469 | |
|---|
| 1470 | |
|---|
| 1471 | |
|---|
| 1472 | |
|---|
| 1473 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1474 | |
|---|
| 1475 | |
|---|
| 1476 | |
|---|
| 1477 | |
|---|
| 1478 | |
|---|
| 1479 | |
|---|
| 1480 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1481 | specific humidity / total water content. </p> |
|---|
| 1482 | |
|---|
| 1483 | |
|---|
| 1484 | |
|---|
| 1485 | |
|---|
| 1486 | |
|---|
| 1487 | |
|---|
| 1488 | |
|---|
| 1489 | |
|---|
| 1490 | |
|---|
| 1491 | |
|---|
| 1492 | |
|---|
| 1493 | |
|---|
| 1494 | |
|---|
| 1495 | <p>Allowed |
|---|
| 1496 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1497 | (q(k=0) = const. = <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a> |
|---|
| 1498 | + <a href="#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a>; |
|---|
| 1499 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
|---|
| 1500 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1501 | (q(k=0)=q(k=1)). <br> |
|---|
| 1502 | |
|---|
| 1503 | |
|---|
| 1504 | |
|---|
| 1505 | |
|---|
| 1506 | |
|---|
| 1507 | |
|---|
| 1508 | |
|---|
| 1509 | When a constant surface latent heat flux is used (<a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>), <b>bc_q_b</b> |
|---|
| 1510 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1511 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 1512 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 1513 | |
|---|
| 1514 | |
|---|
| 1515 | |
|---|
| 1516 | |
|---|
| 1517 | |
|---|
| 1518 | |
|---|
| 1519 | |
|---|
| 1520 | </td> |
|---|
| 1521 | |
|---|
| 1522 | |
|---|
| 1523 | |
|---|
| 1524 | |
|---|
| 1525 | |
|---|
| 1526 | |
|---|
| 1527 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1528 | |
|---|
| 1529 | |
|---|
| 1530 | |
|---|
| 1531 | |
|---|
| 1532 | |
|---|
| 1533 | |
|---|
| 1534 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1535 | |
|---|
| 1536 | |
|---|
| 1537 | |
|---|
| 1538 | |
|---|
| 1539 | |
|---|
| 1540 | |
|---|
| 1541 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1542 | |
|---|
| 1543 | |
|---|
| 1544 | |
|---|
| 1545 | |
|---|
| 1546 | |
|---|
| 1547 | |
|---|
| 1548 | <p><a name="bc_q_t"></a><b>bc_q_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 1549 | |
|---|
| 1550 | |
|---|
| 1551 | |
|---|
| 1552 | |
|---|
| 1553 | |
|---|
| 1554 | |
|---|
| 1555 | |
|---|
| 1556 | </td> |
|---|
| 1557 | |
|---|
| 1558 | |
|---|
| 1559 | |
|---|
| 1560 | |
|---|
| 1561 | |
|---|
| 1562 | |
|---|
| 1563 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">C |
|---|
| 1564 | * 20</span></td> |
|---|
| 1565 | |
|---|
| 1566 | |
|---|
| 1567 | |
|---|
| 1568 | |
|---|
| 1569 | |
|---|
| 1570 | |
|---|
| 1571 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1572 | |
|---|
| 1573 | |
|---|
| 1574 | |
|---|
| 1575 | |
|---|
| 1576 | |
|---|
| 1577 | |
|---|
| 1578 | |
|---|
| 1579 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1580 | |
|---|
| 1581 | |
|---|
| 1582 | |
|---|
| 1583 | |
|---|
| 1584 | |
|---|
| 1585 | |
|---|
| 1586 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1587 | specific humidity / total water content. </p> |
|---|
| 1588 | |
|---|
| 1589 | |
|---|
| 1590 | |
|---|
| 1591 | |
|---|
| 1592 | |
|---|
| 1593 | |
|---|
| 1594 | |
|---|
| 1595 | |
|---|
| 1596 | |
|---|
| 1597 | |
|---|
| 1598 | |
|---|
| 1599 | |
|---|
| 1600 | |
|---|
| 1601 | <p>Allowed |
|---|
| 1602 | are the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1603 | (q(k=nz) and q(k=nz+1) do |
|---|
| 1604 | not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
|---|
| 1605 | With the Neumann boundary |
|---|
| 1606 | condition the value of the humidity gradient at the top is calculated |
|---|
| 1607 | from the |
|---|
| 1608 | initial humidity profile (see <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 1609 | <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>) |
|---|
| 1610 | by: bc_q_t_val = ( q_init(k=nz) - q_init(k=nz-1)) / dzu(nz).<br> |
|---|
| 1611 | |
|---|
| 1612 | |
|---|
| 1613 | |
|---|
| 1614 | |
|---|
| 1615 | |
|---|
| 1616 | |
|---|
| 1617 | |
|---|
| 1618 | Using this value (assumed constant during the run) the humidity |
|---|
| 1619 | boundary values |
|---|
| 1620 | are calculated as </p> |
|---|
| 1621 | |
|---|
| 1622 | |
|---|
| 1623 | |
|---|
| 1624 | |
|---|
| 1625 | |
|---|
| 1626 | |
|---|
| 1627 | |
|---|
| 1628 | |
|---|
| 1629 | |
|---|
| 1630 | |
|---|
| 1631 | |
|---|
| 1632 | |
|---|
| 1633 | |
|---|
| 1634 | <ul> |
|---|
| 1635 | |
|---|
| 1636 | |
|---|
| 1637 | |
|---|
| 1638 | |
|---|
| 1639 | |
|---|
| 1640 | |
|---|
| 1641 | |
|---|
| 1642 | |
|---|
| 1643 | |
|---|
| 1644 | |
|---|
| 1645 | |
|---|
| 1646 | |
|---|
| 1647 | |
|---|
| 1648 | <p style="font-style: normal;">q(k=nz+1) =q(k=nz) + |
|---|
| 1649 | bc_q_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
|---|
| 1650 | |
|---|
| 1651 | |
|---|
| 1652 | |
|---|
| 1653 | |
|---|
| 1654 | |
|---|
| 1655 | |
|---|
| 1656 | |
|---|
| 1657 | |
|---|
| 1658 | |
|---|
| 1659 | |
|---|
| 1660 | |
|---|
| 1661 | |
|---|
| 1662 | |
|---|
| 1663 | </ul> |
|---|
| 1664 | |
|---|
| 1665 | |
|---|
| 1666 | |
|---|
| 1667 | |
|---|
| 1668 | |
|---|
| 1669 | |
|---|
| 1670 | |
|---|
| 1671 | |
|---|
| 1672 | |
|---|
| 1673 | |
|---|
| 1674 | |
|---|
| 1675 | |
|---|
| 1676 | |
|---|
| 1677 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up tp k=nz the prognostic |
|---|
| 1678 | equation for q is solved). </p> |
|---|
| 1679 | |
|---|
| 1680 | |
|---|
| 1681 | |
|---|
| 1682 | |
|---|
| 1683 | |
|---|
| 1684 | |
|---|
| 1685 | </td> |
|---|
| 1686 | |
|---|
| 1687 | |
|---|
| 1688 | |
|---|
| 1689 | |
|---|
| 1690 | |
|---|
| 1691 | |
|---|
| 1692 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1693 | |
|---|
| 1694 | |
|---|
| 1695 | |
|---|
| 1696 | |
|---|
| 1697 | |
|---|
| 1698 | |
|---|
| 1699 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1700 | |
|---|
| 1701 | |
|---|
| 1702 | |
|---|
| 1703 | |
|---|
| 1704 | |
|---|
| 1705 | |
|---|
| 1706 | |
|---|
| 1707 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1708 | |
|---|
| 1709 | |
|---|
| 1710 | |
|---|
| 1711 | |
|---|
| 1712 | |
|---|
| 1713 | |
|---|
| 1714 | <p><a name="bc_s_b"></a><b>bc_s_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 1715 | |
|---|
| 1716 | |
|---|
| 1717 | |
|---|
| 1718 | |
|---|
| 1719 | |
|---|
| 1720 | |
|---|
| 1721 | </td> |
|---|
| 1722 | |
|---|
| 1723 | |
|---|
| 1724 | |
|---|
| 1725 | |
|---|
| 1726 | |
|---|
| 1727 | |
|---|
| 1728 | |
|---|
| 1729 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1730 | |
|---|
| 1731 | |
|---|
| 1732 | |
|---|
| 1733 | |
|---|
| 1734 | |
|---|
| 1735 | |
|---|
| 1736 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1737 | |
|---|
| 1738 | |
|---|
| 1739 | |
|---|
| 1740 | |
|---|
| 1741 | |
|---|
| 1742 | |
|---|
| 1743 | |
|---|
| 1744 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1745 | |
|---|
| 1746 | |
|---|
| 1747 | |
|---|
| 1748 | |
|---|
| 1749 | |
|---|
| 1750 | |
|---|
| 1751 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1752 | scalar concentration. </p> |
|---|
| 1753 | |
|---|
| 1754 | |
|---|
| 1755 | |
|---|
| 1756 | |
|---|
| 1757 | |
|---|
| 1758 | |
|---|
| 1759 | |
|---|
| 1760 | |
|---|
| 1761 | |
|---|
| 1762 | |
|---|
| 1763 | |
|---|
| 1764 | |
|---|
| 1765 | |
|---|
| 1766 | <p>Allowed values |
|---|
| 1767 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1768 | (s(k=0) = const. = <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a> |
|---|
| 1769 | + <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a>; |
|---|
| 1770 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
|---|
| 1771 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1772 | (s(k=0) = |
|---|
| 1773 | s(k=1)). <br> |
|---|
| 1774 | |
|---|
| 1775 | |
|---|
| 1776 | |
|---|
| 1777 | |
|---|
| 1778 | |
|---|
| 1779 | |
|---|
| 1780 | |
|---|
| 1781 | When a constant surface concentration flux is used (<a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>), <b>bc_s_b</b> |
|---|
| 1782 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 1783 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 1784 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 1785 | |
|---|
| 1786 | |
|---|
| 1787 | |
|---|
| 1788 | |
|---|
| 1789 | |
|---|
| 1790 | |
|---|
| 1791 | |
|---|
| 1792 | </td> |
|---|
| 1793 | |
|---|
| 1794 | |
|---|
| 1795 | |
|---|
| 1796 | |
|---|
| 1797 | |
|---|
| 1798 | |
|---|
| 1799 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1800 | |
|---|
| 1801 | |
|---|
| 1802 | |
|---|
| 1803 | |
|---|
| 1804 | |
|---|
| 1805 | |
|---|
| 1806 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1807 | |
|---|
| 1808 | |
|---|
| 1809 | |
|---|
| 1810 | |
|---|
| 1811 | |
|---|
| 1812 | |
|---|
| 1813 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1814 | |
|---|
| 1815 | |
|---|
| 1816 | |
|---|
| 1817 | |
|---|
| 1818 | |
|---|
| 1819 | |
|---|
| 1820 | <p><a name="bc_s_t"></a><b>bc_s_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 1821 | |
|---|
| 1822 | |
|---|
| 1823 | |
|---|
| 1824 | |
|---|
| 1825 | |
|---|
| 1826 | |
|---|
| 1827 | |
|---|
| 1828 | </td> |
|---|
| 1829 | |
|---|
| 1830 | |
|---|
| 1831 | |
|---|
| 1832 | |
|---|
| 1833 | |
|---|
| 1834 | |
|---|
| 1835 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1836 | |
|---|
| 1837 | |
|---|
| 1838 | |
|---|
| 1839 | |
|---|
| 1840 | |
|---|
| 1841 | |
|---|
| 1842 | |
|---|
| 1843 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1844 | |
|---|
| 1845 | |
|---|
| 1846 | |
|---|
| 1847 | |
|---|
| 1848 | |
|---|
| 1849 | |
|---|
| 1850 | |
|---|
| 1851 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 1852 | |
|---|
| 1853 | |
|---|
| 1854 | |
|---|
| 1855 | |
|---|
| 1856 | |
|---|
| 1857 | |
|---|
| 1858 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 1859 | scalar concentration. </p> |
|---|
| 1860 | |
|---|
| 1861 | |
|---|
| 1862 | |
|---|
| 1863 | |
|---|
| 1864 | |
|---|
| 1865 | |
|---|
| 1866 | |
|---|
| 1867 | |
|---|
| 1868 | |
|---|
| 1869 | |
|---|
| 1870 | |
|---|
| 1871 | |
|---|
| 1872 | |
|---|
| 1873 | <p>Allowed are the |
|---|
| 1874 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 1875 | (s(k=nz) and s(k=nz+1) do |
|---|
| 1876 | not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
|---|
| 1877 | With the Neumann boundary |
|---|
| 1878 | condition the value of the scalar concentration gradient at the top is |
|---|
| 1879 | calculated |
|---|
| 1880 | from the initial scalar concentration profile (see <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>, <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a>) |
|---|
| 1881 | by: bc_s_t_val = (s_init(k=nz) - s_init(k=nz-1)) / dzu(nz).<br> |
|---|
| 1882 | |
|---|
| 1883 | |
|---|
| 1884 | |
|---|
| 1885 | |
|---|
| 1886 | |
|---|
| 1887 | |
|---|
| 1888 | |
|---|
| 1889 | Using this value (assumed constant during the run) the concentration |
|---|
| 1890 | boundary values |
|---|
| 1891 | are calculated as </p> |
|---|
| 1892 | |
|---|
| 1893 | |
|---|
| 1894 | |
|---|
| 1895 | |
|---|
| 1896 | |
|---|
| 1897 | |
|---|
| 1898 | |
|---|
| 1899 | |
|---|
| 1900 | |
|---|
| 1901 | |
|---|
| 1902 | |
|---|
| 1903 | |
|---|
| 1904 | |
|---|
| 1905 | <ul> |
|---|
| 1906 | |
|---|
| 1907 | |
|---|
| 1908 | |
|---|
| 1909 | |
|---|
| 1910 | |
|---|
| 1911 | |
|---|
| 1912 | |
|---|
| 1913 | |
|---|
| 1914 | |
|---|
| 1915 | |
|---|
| 1916 | |
|---|
| 1917 | |
|---|
| 1918 | |
|---|
| 1919 | <p style="font-style: normal;">s(k=nz+1) = s(k=nz) + |
|---|
| 1920 | bc_s_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
|---|
| 1921 | |
|---|
| 1922 | |
|---|
| 1923 | |
|---|
| 1924 | |
|---|
| 1925 | |
|---|
| 1926 | |
|---|
| 1927 | |
|---|
| 1928 | |
|---|
| 1929 | |
|---|
| 1930 | |
|---|
| 1931 | |
|---|
| 1932 | |
|---|
| 1933 | |
|---|
| 1934 | </ul> |
|---|
| 1935 | |
|---|
| 1936 | |
|---|
| 1937 | |
|---|
| 1938 | |
|---|
| 1939 | |
|---|
| 1940 | |
|---|
| 1941 | |
|---|
| 1942 | |
|---|
| 1943 | |
|---|
| 1944 | |
|---|
| 1945 | |
|---|
| 1946 | |
|---|
| 1947 | |
|---|
| 1948 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic |
|---|
| 1949 | equation for the scalar concentration is |
|---|
| 1950 | solved).</p> |
|---|
| 1951 | |
|---|
| 1952 | |
|---|
| 1953 | |
|---|
| 1954 | |
|---|
| 1955 | |
|---|
| 1956 | |
|---|
| 1957 | </td> |
|---|
| 1958 | |
|---|
| 1959 | |
|---|
| 1960 | |
|---|
| 1961 | |
|---|
| 1962 | |
|---|
| 1963 | |
|---|
| 1964 | </tr> |
|---|
| 1965 | |
|---|
| 1966 | |
|---|
| 1967 | |
|---|
| 1968 | |
|---|
| 1969 | |
|---|
| 1970 | |
|---|
| 1971 | <tr> |
|---|
| 1972 | |
|---|
| 1973 | |
|---|
| 1974 | |
|---|
| 1975 | |
|---|
| 1976 | |
|---|
| 1977 | |
|---|
| 1978 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bc_sa_t"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_sa_t</span></td> |
|---|
| 1979 | |
|---|
| 1980 | |
|---|
| 1981 | |
|---|
| 1982 | |
|---|
| 1983 | |
|---|
| 1984 | |
|---|
| 1985 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 1986 | |
|---|
| 1987 | |
|---|
| 1988 | |
|---|
| 1989 | |
|---|
| 1990 | |
|---|
| 1991 | |
|---|
| 1992 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
|---|
| 1993 | |
|---|
| 1994 | |
|---|
| 1995 | |
|---|
| 1996 | |
|---|
| 1997 | |
|---|
| 1998 | |
|---|
| 1999 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2000 | |
|---|
| 2001 | |
|---|
| 2002 | |
|---|
| 2003 | |
|---|
| 2004 | |
|---|
| 2005 | |
|---|
| 2006 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the salinity. </p> |
|---|
| 2007 | |
|---|
| 2008 | |
|---|
| 2009 | |
|---|
| 2010 | |
|---|
| 2011 | |
|---|
| 2012 | |
|---|
| 2013 | |
|---|
| 2014 | |
|---|
| 2015 | |
|---|
| 2016 | |
|---|
| 2017 | |
|---|
| 2018 | |
|---|
| 2019 | |
|---|
| 2020 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 2021 | |
|---|
| 2022 | |
|---|
| 2023 | |
|---|
| 2024 | |
|---|
| 2025 | |
|---|
| 2026 | |
|---|
| 2027 | |
|---|
| 2028 | |
|---|
| 2029 | |
|---|
| 2030 | |
|---|
| 2031 | |
|---|
| 2032 | |
|---|
| 2033 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed are the |
|---|
| 2034 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>(sa(k=nz+1) |
|---|
| 2035 | does not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 2036 | (sa(k=nz+1)=sa(k=nz))<span style="font-style: italic;"></span>. <br> |
|---|
| 2037 | |
|---|
| 2038 | |
|---|
| 2039 | |
|---|
| 2040 | |
|---|
| 2041 | |
|---|
| 2042 | |
|---|
| 2043 | <br> |
|---|
| 2044 | |
|---|
| 2045 | |
|---|
| 2046 | |
|---|
| 2047 | |
|---|
| 2048 | |
|---|
| 2049 | |
|---|
| 2050 | |
|---|
| 2051 | When a constant salinity flux is used at the top boundary (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>), |
|---|
| 2052 | <b>bc_sa_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
|---|
| 2053 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 2054 | the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
|---|
| 2055 | |
|---|
| 2056 | |
|---|
| 2057 | |
|---|
| 2058 | |
|---|
| 2059 | |
|---|
| 2060 | |
|---|
| 2061 | </td> |
|---|
| 2062 | |
|---|
| 2063 | |
|---|
| 2064 | |
|---|
| 2065 | |
|---|
| 2066 | |
|---|
| 2067 | |
|---|
| 2068 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2069 | |
|---|
| 2070 | |
|---|
| 2071 | |
|---|
| 2072 | |
|---|
| 2073 | |
|---|
| 2074 | |
|---|
| 2075 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2076 | |
|---|
| 2077 | |
|---|
| 2078 | |
|---|
| 2079 | |
|---|
| 2080 | |
|---|
| 2081 | |
|---|
| 2082 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2083 | |
|---|
| 2084 | |
|---|
| 2085 | |
|---|
| 2086 | |
|---|
| 2087 | |
|---|
| 2088 | |
|---|
| 2089 | <p><a name="bc_uv_b"></a><b>bc_uv_b</b></p> |
|---|
| 2090 | |
|---|
| 2091 | |
|---|
| 2092 | |
|---|
| 2093 | |
|---|
| 2094 | |
|---|
| 2095 | |
|---|
| 2096 | |
|---|
| 2097 | </td> |
|---|
| 2098 | |
|---|
| 2099 | |
|---|
| 2100 | |
|---|
| 2101 | |
|---|
| 2102 | |
|---|
| 2103 | |
|---|
| 2104 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 2105 | |
|---|
| 2106 | |
|---|
| 2107 | |
|---|
| 2108 | |
|---|
| 2109 | |
|---|
| 2110 | |
|---|
| 2111 | |
|---|
| 2112 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 2113 | |
|---|
| 2114 | |
|---|
| 2115 | |
|---|
| 2116 | |
|---|
| 2117 | |
|---|
| 2118 | |
|---|
| 2119 | |
|---|
| 2120 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2121 | |
|---|
| 2122 | |
|---|
| 2123 | |
|---|
| 2124 | |
|---|
| 2125 | |
|---|
| 2126 | |
|---|
| 2127 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 2128 | horizontal velocity components u and v. </p> |
|---|
| 2129 | |
|---|
| 2130 | |
|---|
| 2131 | |
|---|
| 2132 | |
|---|
| 2133 | |
|---|
| 2134 | |
|---|
| 2135 | |
|---|
| 2136 | |
|---|
| 2137 | |
|---|
| 2138 | |
|---|
| 2139 | |
|---|
| 2140 | |
|---|
| 2141 | |
|---|
| 2142 | <p>Allowed |
|---|
| 2143 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>and |
|---|
| 2144 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. <b>bc_uv_b</b> |
|---|
| 2145 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
|---|
| 2146 | yields the |
|---|
| 2147 | no-slip condition with u=v=0 at the bottom. Due to the staggered grid |
|---|
| 2148 | u(k=0) and v(k=0) are located at z = - 0,5 * <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
|---|
| 2149 | (below the bottom), while u(k=1) and v(k=1) are located at z = +0,5 * |
|---|
| 2150 | dz. u=v=0 at the bottom is guaranteed using mirror boundary |
|---|
| 2151 | condition: </p> |
|---|
| 2152 | |
|---|
| 2153 | |
|---|
| 2154 | |
|---|
| 2155 | |
|---|
| 2156 | |
|---|
| 2157 | |
|---|
| 2158 | |
|---|
| 2159 | |
|---|
| 2160 | |
|---|
| 2161 | |
|---|
| 2162 | |
|---|
| 2163 | |
|---|
| 2164 | |
|---|
| 2165 | <ul> |
|---|
| 2166 | |
|---|
| 2167 | |
|---|
| 2168 | |
|---|
| 2169 | |
|---|
| 2170 | |
|---|
| 2171 | |
|---|
| 2172 | |
|---|
| 2173 | |
|---|
| 2174 | |
|---|
| 2175 | |
|---|
| 2176 | |
|---|
| 2177 | |
|---|
| 2178 | |
|---|
| 2179 | <p style="font-style: normal;">u(k=0) = - u(k=1) and v(k=0) = - |
|---|
| 2180 | v(k=1)</p> |
|---|
| 2181 | |
|---|
| 2182 | |
|---|
| 2183 | |
|---|
| 2184 | |
|---|
| 2185 | |
|---|
| 2186 | |
|---|
| 2187 | |
|---|
| 2188 | |
|---|
| 2189 | |
|---|
| 2190 | |
|---|
| 2191 | |
|---|
| 2192 | |
|---|
| 2193 | |
|---|
| 2194 | </ul> |
|---|
| 2195 | |
|---|
| 2196 | |
|---|
| 2197 | |
|---|
| 2198 | |
|---|
| 2199 | |
|---|
| 2200 | |
|---|
| 2201 | |
|---|
| 2202 | |
|---|
| 2203 | |
|---|
| 2204 | |
|---|
| 2205 | |
|---|
| 2206 | |
|---|
| 2207 | |
|---|
| 2208 | <p style="font-style: normal;">The |
|---|
| 2209 | Neumann boundary condition |
|---|
| 2210 | yields the free-slip condition with u(k=0) = u(k=1) and v(k=0) = |
|---|
| 2211 | v(k=1). |
|---|
| 2212 | With Prandtl - layer switched on, the free-slip condition is not |
|---|
| 2213 | allowed (otherwise the run will be terminated)<font color="#000000">.</font></p> |
|---|
| 2214 | |
|---|
| 2215 | |
|---|
| 2216 | |
|---|
| 2217 | |
|---|
| 2218 | |
|---|
| 2219 | |
|---|
| 2220 | |
|---|
| 2221 | </td> |
|---|
| 2222 | |
|---|
| 2223 | |
|---|
| 2224 | |
|---|
| 2225 | |
|---|
| 2226 | |
|---|
| 2227 | |
|---|
| 2228 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2229 | |
|---|
| 2230 | |
|---|
| 2231 | |
|---|
| 2232 | |
|---|
| 2233 | |
|---|
| 2234 | |
|---|
| 2235 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2236 | |
|---|
| 2237 | |
|---|
| 2238 | |
|---|
| 2239 | |
|---|
| 2240 | |
|---|
| 2241 | |
|---|
| 2242 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2243 | |
|---|
| 2244 | |
|---|
| 2245 | |
|---|
| 2246 | |
|---|
| 2247 | |
|---|
| 2248 | |
|---|
| 2249 | <p><a name="bc_uv_t"></a><b>bc_uv_t</b></p> |
|---|
| 2250 | |
|---|
| 2251 | |
|---|
| 2252 | |
|---|
| 2253 | |
|---|
| 2254 | |
|---|
| 2255 | |
|---|
| 2256 | |
|---|
| 2257 | </td> |
|---|
| 2258 | |
|---|
| 2259 | |
|---|
| 2260 | |
|---|
| 2261 | |
|---|
| 2262 | |
|---|
| 2263 | |
|---|
| 2264 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 2265 | |
|---|
| 2266 | |
|---|
| 2267 | |
|---|
| 2268 | |
|---|
| 2269 | |
|---|
| 2270 | |
|---|
| 2271 | |
|---|
| 2272 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
|---|
| 2273 | |
|---|
| 2274 | |
|---|
| 2275 | |
|---|
| 2276 | |
|---|
| 2277 | |
|---|
| 2278 | |
|---|
| 2279 | |
|---|
| 2280 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2281 | |
|---|
| 2282 | |
|---|
| 2283 | |
|---|
| 2284 | |
|---|
| 2285 | |
|---|
| 2286 | |
|---|
| 2287 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
|---|
| 2288 | horizontal velocity components u and v. </p> |
|---|
| 2289 | |
|---|
| 2290 | |
|---|
| 2291 | |
|---|
| 2292 | |
|---|
| 2293 | |
|---|
| 2294 | |
|---|
| 2295 | |
|---|
| 2296 | |
|---|
| 2297 | |
|---|
| 2298 | |
|---|
| 2299 | |
|---|
| 2300 | |
|---|
| 2301 | |
|---|
| 2302 | <p>Allowed |
|---|
| 2303 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet_0'</span> |
|---|
| 2304 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
|---|
| 2305 | The |
|---|
| 2306 | Dirichlet condition yields u(k=nz+1) = ug(nz+1) and v(k=nz+1) = |
|---|
| 2307 | vg(nz+1), |
|---|
| 2308 | Neumann condition yields the free-slip condition with u(k=nz+1) = |
|---|
| 2309 | u(k=nz) and v(k=nz+1) = v(k=nz) (up to k=nz the prognostic equations |
|---|
| 2310 | for the velocities are solved). The special condition <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet_0'</span> can be used for channel flow, it yields the no-slip condition u(k=nz+1) = ug(nz+1) = 0 and v(k=nz+1) = |
|---|
| 2311 | vg(nz+1) = 0.</p> |
|---|
| 2312 | |
|---|
| 2313 | |
|---|
| 2314 | |
|---|
| 2315 | |
|---|
| 2316 | |
|---|
| 2317 | |
|---|
| 2318 | |
|---|
| 2319 | |
|---|
| 2320 | |
|---|
| 2321 | |
|---|
| 2322 | |
|---|
| 2323 | |
|---|
| 2324 | <p>In the <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean executable, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a> is internally set ('neumann') and does not need to be prescribed.</p> |
|---|
| 2325 | |
|---|
| 2326 | |
|---|
| 2327 | |
|---|
| 2328 | |
|---|
| 2329 | |
|---|
| 2330 | |
|---|
| 2331 | </td> |
|---|
| 2332 | |
|---|
| 2333 | |
|---|
| 2334 | |
|---|
| 2335 | |
|---|
| 2336 | |
|---|
| 2337 | |
|---|
| 2338 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2339 | |
|---|
| 2340 | |
|---|
| 2341 | |
|---|
| 2342 | |
|---|
| 2343 | |
|---|
| 2344 | |
|---|
| 2345 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2346 | |
|---|
| 2347 | |
|---|
| 2348 | |
|---|
| 2349 | |
|---|
| 2350 | |
|---|
| 2351 | |
|---|
| 2352 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bottom_salinityflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bottom_salinityflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 2353 | |
|---|
| 2354 | |
|---|
| 2355 | |
|---|
| 2356 | |
|---|
| 2357 | |
|---|
| 2358 | |
|---|
| 2359 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2360 | |
|---|
| 2361 | |
|---|
| 2362 | |
|---|
| 2363 | |
|---|
| 2364 | |
|---|
| 2365 | |
|---|
| 2366 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 2367 | |
|---|
| 2368 | |
|---|
| 2369 | |
|---|
| 2370 | |
|---|
| 2371 | |
|---|
| 2372 | |
|---|
| 2373 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 2374 | |
|---|
| 2375 | |
|---|
| 2376 | |
|---|
| 2377 | |
|---|
| 2378 | |
|---|
| 2379 | |
|---|
| 2380 | <p>Kinematic salinity flux near the surface (in psu m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 2381 | |
|---|
| 2382 | |
|---|
| 2383 | |
|---|
| 2384 | |
|---|
| 2385 | |
|---|
| 2386 | |
|---|
| 2387 | This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>). |
|---|
| 2388 | |
|---|
| 2389 | |
|---|
| 2390 | |
|---|
| 2391 | |
|---|
| 2392 | |
|---|
| 2393 | |
|---|
| 2394 | <p>The |
|---|
| 2395 | respective salinity flux value is used |
|---|
| 2396 | as bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the salinity equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
|---|
| 2397 | condition must be used for the salinity, which is currently the only available condition.<br> |
|---|
| 2398 | |
|---|
| 2399 | |
|---|
| 2400 | |
|---|
| 2401 | |
|---|
| 2402 | |
|---|
| 2403 | |
|---|
| 2404 | </p> |
|---|
| 2405 | |
|---|
| 2406 | |
|---|
| 2407 | |
|---|
| 2408 | |
|---|
| 2409 | |
|---|
| 2410 | |
|---|
| 2411 | </td> |
|---|
| 2412 | |
|---|
| 2413 | |
|---|
| 2414 | |
|---|
| 2415 | |
|---|
| 2416 | |
|---|
| 2417 | |
|---|
| 2418 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2419 | |
|---|
| 2420 | |
|---|
| 2421 | |
|---|
| 2422 | |
|---|
| 2423 | |
|---|
| 2424 | |
|---|
| 2425 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2426 | |
|---|
| 2427 | |
|---|
| 2428 | |
|---|
| 2429 | |
|---|
| 2430 | |
|---|
| 2431 | |
|---|
| 2432 | |
|---|
| 2433 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_height"></a>building_height</span></td> |
|---|
| 2434 | |
|---|
| 2435 | |
|---|
| 2436 | |
|---|
| 2437 | |
|---|
| 2438 | |
|---|
| 2439 | |
|---|
| 2440 | |
|---|
| 2441 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2442 | |
|---|
| 2443 | |
|---|
| 2444 | |
|---|
| 2445 | |
|---|
| 2446 | |
|---|
| 2447 | |
|---|
| 2448 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 2449 | |
|---|
| 2450 | |
|---|
| 2451 | |
|---|
| 2452 | |
|---|
| 2453 | |
|---|
| 2454 | |
|---|
| 2455 | <td>Height |
|---|
| 2456 | of a single building in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2457 | |
|---|
| 2458 | |
|---|
| 2459 | |
|---|
| 2460 | |
|---|
| 2461 | |
|---|
| 2462 | |
|---|
| 2463 | <br> |
|---|
| 2464 | |
|---|
| 2465 | |
|---|
| 2466 | |
|---|
| 2467 | |
|---|
| 2468 | |
|---|
| 2469 | |
|---|
| 2470 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_height</span> must |
|---|
| 2471 | be less than the height of the model domain. This parameter requires |
|---|
| 2472 | the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2473 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 2474 | |
|---|
| 2475 | |
|---|
| 2476 | |
|---|
| 2477 | |
|---|
| 2478 | |
|---|
| 2479 | |
|---|
| 2480 | |
|---|
| 2481 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2482 | |
|---|
| 2483 | |
|---|
| 2484 | |
|---|
| 2485 | |
|---|
| 2486 | |
|---|
| 2487 | |
|---|
| 2488 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2489 | |
|---|
| 2490 | |
|---|
| 2491 | |
|---|
| 2492 | |
|---|
| 2493 | |
|---|
| 2494 | |
|---|
| 2495 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_x"></a>building_length_x</span></td> |
|---|
| 2496 | |
|---|
| 2497 | |
|---|
| 2498 | |
|---|
| 2499 | |
|---|
| 2500 | |
|---|
| 2501 | |
|---|
| 2502 | |
|---|
| 2503 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2504 | |
|---|
| 2505 | |
|---|
| 2506 | |
|---|
| 2507 | |
|---|
| 2508 | |
|---|
| 2509 | |
|---|
| 2510 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 2511 | |
|---|
| 2512 | |
|---|
| 2513 | |
|---|
| 2514 | |
|---|
| 2515 | |
|---|
| 2516 | |
|---|
| 2517 | <td><span style="font-style: italic;"></span>Width of a single |
|---|
| 2518 | building in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2519 | |
|---|
| 2520 | |
|---|
| 2521 | |
|---|
| 2522 | |
|---|
| 2523 | |
|---|
| 2524 | |
|---|
| 2525 | <br> |
|---|
| 2526 | |
|---|
| 2527 | |
|---|
| 2528 | |
|---|
| 2529 | |
|---|
| 2530 | |
|---|
| 2531 | |
|---|
| 2532 | |
|---|
| 2533 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_length_x</span> |
|---|
| 2534 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
|---|
| 2535 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dx">dx</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#nx">nx</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 2536 | </span><span style="font-style: italic;">- <a href="#building_wall_left">building_wall_left</a></span>. |
|---|
| 2537 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2538 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 2539 | |
|---|
| 2540 | |
|---|
| 2541 | |
|---|
| 2542 | |
|---|
| 2543 | |
|---|
| 2544 | |
|---|
| 2545 | |
|---|
| 2546 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2547 | |
|---|
| 2548 | |
|---|
| 2549 | |
|---|
| 2550 | |
|---|
| 2551 | |
|---|
| 2552 | |
|---|
| 2553 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2554 | |
|---|
| 2555 | |
|---|
| 2556 | |
|---|
| 2557 | |
|---|
| 2558 | |
|---|
| 2559 | |
|---|
| 2560 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_y"></a>building_length_y</span></td> |
|---|
| 2561 | |
|---|
| 2562 | |
|---|
| 2563 | |
|---|
| 2564 | |
|---|
| 2565 | |
|---|
| 2566 | |
|---|
| 2567 | |
|---|
| 2568 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2569 | |
|---|
| 2570 | |
|---|
| 2571 | |
|---|
| 2572 | |
|---|
| 2573 | |
|---|
| 2574 | |
|---|
| 2575 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 2576 | |
|---|
| 2577 | |
|---|
| 2578 | |
|---|
| 2579 | |
|---|
| 2580 | |
|---|
| 2581 | |
|---|
| 2582 | <td>Depth |
|---|
| 2583 | of a single building in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2584 | |
|---|
| 2585 | |
|---|
| 2586 | |
|---|
| 2587 | |
|---|
| 2588 | |
|---|
| 2589 | |
|---|
| 2590 | <br> |
|---|
| 2591 | |
|---|
| 2592 | |
|---|
| 2593 | |
|---|
| 2594 | |
|---|
| 2595 | |
|---|
| 2596 | |
|---|
| 2597 | |
|---|
| 2598 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_length_y</span> |
|---|
| 2599 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
|---|
| 2600 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dy">dy</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#ny">ny</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="#dy">dy</a></span><span style="font-style: italic;"> - <a href="#building_wall_south">building_wall_south</a></span>. This parameter requires |
|---|
| 2601 | the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2602 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 2603 | |
|---|
| 2604 | |
|---|
| 2605 | |
|---|
| 2606 | |
|---|
| 2607 | |
|---|
| 2608 | |
|---|
| 2609 | |
|---|
| 2610 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2611 | |
|---|
| 2612 | |
|---|
| 2613 | |
|---|
| 2614 | |
|---|
| 2615 | |
|---|
| 2616 | |
|---|
| 2617 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2618 | |
|---|
| 2619 | |
|---|
| 2620 | |
|---|
| 2621 | |
|---|
| 2622 | |
|---|
| 2623 | |
|---|
| 2624 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_left"></a>building_wall_left</span></td> |
|---|
| 2625 | |
|---|
| 2626 | |
|---|
| 2627 | |
|---|
| 2628 | |
|---|
| 2629 | |
|---|
| 2630 | |
|---|
| 2631 | |
|---|
| 2632 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2633 | |
|---|
| 2634 | |
|---|
| 2635 | |
|---|
| 2636 | |
|---|
| 2637 | |
|---|
| 2638 | |
|---|
| 2639 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in x-direction</span></td> |
|---|
| 2640 | |
|---|
| 2641 | |
|---|
| 2642 | |
|---|
| 2643 | |
|---|
| 2644 | |
|---|
| 2645 | |
|---|
| 2646 | |
|---|
| 2647 | <td>x-coordinate of the left building wall (distance between the |
|---|
| 2648 | left building wall and the left border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2649 | |
|---|
| 2650 | |
|---|
| 2651 | |
|---|
| 2652 | |
|---|
| 2653 | |
|---|
| 2654 | |
|---|
| 2655 | |
|---|
| 2656 | <br> |
|---|
| 2657 | |
|---|
| 2658 | |
|---|
| 2659 | |
|---|
| 2660 | |
|---|
| 2661 | |
|---|
| 2662 | |
|---|
| 2663 | |
|---|
| 2664 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_left</span> |
|---|
| 2665 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
|---|
| 2666 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dx">dx</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="#nx">nx</a> |
|---|
| 2667 | - 1 ) * <a href="#dx">dx</a> - <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a></span>. |
|---|
| 2668 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2669 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 2670 | |
|---|
| 2671 | |
|---|
| 2672 | |
|---|
| 2673 | |
|---|
| 2674 | |
|---|
| 2675 | |
|---|
| 2676 | |
|---|
| 2677 | <br> |
|---|
| 2678 | |
|---|
| 2679 | |
|---|
| 2680 | |
|---|
| 2681 | |
|---|
| 2682 | |
|---|
| 2683 | |
|---|
| 2684 | |
|---|
| 2685 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_left</span> |
|---|
| 2686 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="#nx">nx</a> + |
|---|
| 2687 | 1 ) * <a href="#dx">dx</a> - <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a> ) / 2</span> |
|---|
| 2688 | centers the building in x-direction. <font color="#000000">Due to the staggered grid the building will be displaced by -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> in x-direction and -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> in y-direction.</font> </td> |
|---|
| 2689 | |
|---|
| 2690 | |
|---|
| 2691 | |
|---|
| 2692 | |
|---|
| 2693 | |
|---|
| 2694 | |
|---|
| 2695 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2696 | |
|---|
| 2697 | |
|---|
| 2698 | |
|---|
| 2699 | |
|---|
| 2700 | |
|---|
| 2701 | |
|---|
| 2702 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2703 | |
|---|
| 2704 | |
|---|
| 2705 | |
|---|
| 2706 | |
|---|
| 2707 | |
|---|
| 2708 | |
|---|
| 2709 | |
|---|
| 2710 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_south"></a>building_wall_south</span></td> |
|---|
| 2711 | |
|---|
| 2712 | |
|---|
| 2713 | |
|---|
| 2714 | |
|---|
| 2715 | |
|---|
| 2716 | |
|---|
| 2717 | |
|---|
| 2718 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 2719 | |
|---|
| 2720 | |
|---|
| 2721 | |
|---|
| 2722 | |
|---|
| 2723 | |
|---|
| 2724 | |
|---|
| 2725 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in y-direction</span></td> |
|---|
| 2726 | |
|---|
| 2727 | |
|---|
| 2728 | |
|---|
| 2729 | |
|---|
| 2730 | |
|---|
| 2731 | |
|---|
| 2732 | |
|---|
| 2733 | <td>y-coordinate of the South building wall (distance between the |
|---|
| 2734 | South building wall and the South border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2735 | |
|---|
| 2736 | |
|---|
| 2737 | |
|---|
| 2738 | |
|---|
| 2739 | |
|---|
| 2740 | |
|---|
| 2741 | |
|---|
| 2742 | <br> |
|---|
| 2743 | |
|---|
| 2744 | |
|---|
| 2745 | |
|---|
| 2746 | |
|---|
| 2747 | |
|---|
| 2748 | |
|---|
| 2749 | |
|---|
| 2750 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_south</span> |
|---|
| 2751 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
|---|
| 2752 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dy">dy</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="#ny">ny</a> |
|---|
| 2753 | - 1 ) * <a href="#dy">dy</a> - <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a></span>. |
|---|
| 2754 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2755 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 2756 | |
|---|
| 2757 | |
|---|
| 2758 | |
|---|
| 2759 | |
|---|
| 2760 | |
|---|
| 2761 | |
|---|
| 2762 | |
|---|
| 2763 | <br> |
|---|
| 2764 | |
|---|
| 2765 | |
|---|
| 2766 | |
|---|
| 2767 | |
|---|
| 2768 | |
|---|
| 2769 | |
|---|
| 2770 | |
|---|
| 2771 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_south</span> |
|---|
| 2772 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="#ny">ny</a> + |
|---|
| 2773 | 1 ) * <a href="#dy">dy</a> - <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a> ) / 2</span> |
|---|
| 2774 | centers the building in y-direction. <font color="#000000">Due to the staggered grid the building will be displaced by -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> in x-direction and -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> in y-direction.</font> </td> |
|---|
| 2775 | |
|---|
| 2776 | |
|---|
| 2777 | |
|---|
| 2778 | |
|---|
| 2779 | |
|---|
| 2780 | |
|---|
| 2781 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2782 | |
|---|
| 2783 | |
|---|
| 2784 | |
|---|
| 2785 | |
|---|
| 2786 | |
|---|
| 2787 | |
|---|
| 2788 | <tr> |
|---|
| 2789 | |
|---|
| 2790 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="canopy_mode"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">canopy_mode</span></td> |
|---|
| 2791 | |
|---|
| 2792 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 2793 | |
|---|
| 2794 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'block'</span></td> |
|---|
| 2795 | |
|---|
| 2796 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Canopy mode.<br> |
|---|
| 2797 | |
|---|
| 2798 | <br> |
|---|
| 2799 | |
|---|
| 2800 | <font color="#000000"> |
|---|
| 2801 | Besides using the default value, that will create a horizontally |
|---|
| 2802 | homogeneous plant canopy that extends over the total horizontal |
|---|
| 2803 | extension of the model domain, the user may add code to the user |
|---|
| 2804 | interface subroutine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_plant_canopy">user_init_plant_canopy</a> |
|---|
| 2805 | to allow further canopy modes. <br> |
|---|
| 2806 | |
|---|
| 2807 | <br> |
|---|
| 2808 | |
|---|
| 2809 | The setting of <a href="#canopy_mode">canopy_mode</a> becomes only active, if <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> has been set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and a non-zero <a href="#drag_coefficient">drag_coefficient</a> has been defined.</font></td> |
|---|
| 2810 | |
|---|
| 2811 | </tr> |
|---|
| 2812 | |
|---|
| 2813 | <tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_height"></a>canyon_height</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;">50.0</td><td>Street canyon height |
|---|
| 2814 | in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2815 | |
|---|
| 2816 | |
|---|
| 2817 | |
|---|
| 2818 | |
|---|
| 2819 | |
|---|
| 2820 | |
|---|
| 2821 | <br> |
|---|
| 2822 | |
|---|
| 2823 | |
|---|
| 2824 | |
|---|
| 2825 | |
|---|
| 2826 | |
|---|
| 2827 | |
|---|
| 2828 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_height</span> must |
|---|
| 2829 | be less than the height of the model domain. This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2830 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_street_canyon'</span>.</td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_width_x"></a>canyon_width_x</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;">9999999.9</td><td>Street canyon width in x-direction in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2831 | |
|---|
| 2832 | |
|---|
| 2833 | |
|---|
| 2834 | |
|---|
| 2835 | |
|---|
| 2836 | |
|---|
| 2837 | <br> |
|---|
| 2838 | |
|---|
| 2839 | |
|---|
| 2840 | |
|---|
| 2841 | |
|---|
| 2842 | |
|---|
| 2843 | |
|---|
| 2844 | |
|---|
| 2845 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_width_x</span> |
|---|
| 2846 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
|---|
| 2847 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 2848 | </span><span style="font-style: italic;">- <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_wall_left">canyon_wall_left</a></span>. |
|---|
| 2849 | This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2850 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;">single_street_canyon</span><span style="font-style: italic;">'</span>. A non-default value implies a canyon orientation in y-direction.</td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_width_y"></a>canyon_width_y</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;">9999999.9</td><td>Street canyon width in y-direction in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2851 | |
|---|
| 2852 | |
|---|
| 2853 | |
|---|
| 2854 | |
|---|
| 2855 | |
|---|
| 2856 | |
|---|
| 2857 | <br> |
|---|
| 2858 | |
|---|
| 2859 | |
|---|
| 2860 | |
|---|
| 2861 | |
|---|
| 2862 | |
|---|
| 2863 | |
|---|
| 2864 | |
|---|
| 2865 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_width_y</span> |
|---|
| 2866 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
|---|
| 2867 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a></span><span style="font-style: italic;"> - <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_wall_south">canyon_wall_south</a></span>. This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2868 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;">single_street_canyon</span>. A non-default value implies a canyon orientation in x-direction.</td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_wall_left"></a>canyon_wall_left</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">canyon centered in x-direction</span></td><td>x-coordinate of the left canyon wall (distance between the |
|---|
| 2869 | left canyon wall and the left border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2870 | |
|---|
| 2871 | |
|---|
| 2872 | |
|---|
| 2873 | |
|---|
| 2874 | |
|---|
| 2875 | |
|---|
| 2876 | |
|---|
| 2877 | <br> |
|---|
| 2878 | |
|---|
| 2879 | |
|---|
| 2880 | |
|---|
| 2881 | |
|---|
| 2882 | |
|---|
| 2883 | |
|---|
| 2884 | |
|---|
| 2885 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_wall_left</span> |
|---|
| 2886 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
|---|
| 2887 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a> |
|---|
| 2888 | - 1 ) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> - <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_x">canyon_width_x</a></span>. |
|---|
| 2889 | This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2890 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;">single_street_canyon</span><span style="font-style: italic;">'</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 2891 | |
|---|
| 2892 | |
|---|
| 2893 | |
|---|
| 2894 | |
|---|
| 2895 | |
|---|
| 2896 | |
|---|
| 2897 | |
|---|
| 2898 | <br> |
|---|
| 2899 | |
|---|
| 2900 | |
|---|
| 2901 | |
|---|
| 2902 | |
|---|
| 2903 | |
|---|
| 2904 | |
|---|
| 2905 | |
|---|
| 2906 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_wall_left</span> |
|---|
| 2907 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a> + |
|---|
| 2908 | 1 ) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> - <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_x">canyon_width_x</a> ) / 2</span> |
|---|
| 2909 | centers the canyon in x-direction.</td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_wall_south"></a>canyon_wall_south</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">canyon centered in y-direction</span></td><td>y-coordinate of the South canyon wall (distance between the |
|---|
| 2910 | South canyon wall and the South border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
|---|
| 2911 | |
|---|
| 2912 | |
|---|
| 2913 | |
|---|
| 2914 | |
|---|
| 2915 | |
|---|
| 2916 | |
|---|
| 2917 | |
|---|
| 2918 | <br> |
|---|
| 2919 | |
|---|
| 2920 | |
|---|
| 2921 | |
|---|
| 2922 | |
|---|
| 2923 | |
|---|
| 2924 | |
|---|
| 2925 | |
|---|
| 2926 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_wall_south</span> |
|---|
| 2927 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
|---|
| 2928 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a> |
|---|
| 2929 | - 1 ) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> - <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_y">canyon_width_y</a></span>. |
|---|
| 2930 | This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
|---|
| 2931 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;">single_street_canyon</span><span style="font-style: italic;">'</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 2932 | |
|---|
| 2933 | |
|---|
| 2934 | |
|---|
| 2935 | |
|---|
| 2936 | |
|---|
| 2937 | |
|---|
| 2938 | |
|---|
| 2939 | <br> |
|---|
| 2940 | |
|---|
| 2941 | |
|---|
| 2942 | |
|---|
| 2943 | |
|---|
| 2944 | |
|---|
| 2945 | |
|---|
| 2946 | |
|---|
| 2947 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_wall_south</span> |
|---|
| 2948 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a> + |
|---|
| 2949 | 1 ) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> - </span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_length_y"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span></a><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_y">canyon_wid</a><span style="font-style: italic;"><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_y">th_y</a> ) / 2</span> |
|---|
| 2950 | centers the canyon in y-direction.</td></tr><tr> |
|---|
| 2951 | |
|---|
| 2952 | |
|---|
| 2953 | |
|---|
| 2954 | |
|---|
| 2955 | |
|---|
| 2956 | |
|---|
| 2957 | |
|---|
| 2958 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="cloud_droplets"></a>cloud_droplets</span><br> |
|---|
| 2959 | |
|---|
| 2960 | |
|---|
| 2961 | |
|---|
| 2962 | |
|---|
| 2963 | |
|---|
| 2964 | |
|---|
| 2965 | |
|---|
| 2966 | </td> |
|---|
| 2967 | |
|---|
| 2968 | |
|---|
| 2969 | |
|---|
| 2970 | |
|---|
| 2971 | |
|---|
| 2972 | |
|---|
| 2973 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> |
|---|
| 2974 | |
|---|
| 2975 | |
|---|
| 2976 | |
|---|
| 2977 | |
|---|
| 2978 | |
|---|
| 2979 | |
|---|
| 2980 | </td> |
|---|
| 2981 | |
|---|
| 2982 | |
|---|
| 2983 | |
|---|
| 2984 | |
|---|
| 2985 | |
|---|
| 2986 | |
|---|
| 2987 | |
|---|
| 2988 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br> |
|---|
| 2989 | |
|---|
| 2990 | |
|---|
| 2991 | |
|---|
| 2992 | |
|---|
| 2993 | |
|---|
| 2994 | |
|---|
| 2995 | </td> |
|---|
| 2996 | |
|---|
| 2997 | |
|---|
| 2998 | |
|---|
| 2999 | |
|---|
| 3000 | |
|---|
| 3001 | |
|---|
| 3002 | |
|---|
| 3003 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on |
|---|
| 3004 | usage of cloud droplets.<br> |
|---|
| 3005 | |
|---|
| 3006 | |
|---|
| 3007 | |
|---|
| 3008 | |
|---|
| 3009 | |
|---|
| 3010 | |
|---|
| 3011 | <br> |
|---|
| 3012 | |
|---|
| 3013 | |
|---|
| 3014 | |
|---|
| 3015 | |
|---|
| 3016 | |
|---|
| 3017 | |
|---|
| 3018 | |
|---|
| 3019 | <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span> |
|---|
| 3020 | |
|---|
| 3021 | |
|---|
| 3022 | |
|---|
| 3023 | |
|---|
| 3024 | Cloud droplets require to use particles (i.e. the NAMELIST group <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">particles_par</span> has to be included in the parameter file<span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>). Then each particle is a representative for a certain number of droplets. The droplet |
|---|
| 3025 | features (number of droplets, initial radius, etc.) can be steered with |
|---|
| 3026 | the respective particle parameters (see e.g. <a href="#chapter_4.2.html#radius">radius</a>). |
|---|
| 3027 | The real number of initial droplets in a grid cell is equal to the |
|---|
| 3028 | initial number of droplets (defined by the particle source parameters <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a> |
|---|
| 3029 | <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and |
|---|
| 3030 | </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span>) |
|---|
| 3031 | times the <a href="#initial_weighting_factor">initial_weighting_factor</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 3032 | |
|---|
| 3033 | |
|---|
| 3034 | |
|---|
| 3035 | |
|---|
| 3036 | |
|---|
| 3037 | |
|---|
| 3038 | |
|---|
| 3039 | <br> |
|---|
| 3040 | |
|---|
| 3041 | |
|---|
| 3042 | |
|---|
| 3043 | |
|---|
| 3044 | |
|---|
| 3045 | |
|---|
| 3046 | |
|---|
| 3047 | In case of using cloud droplets, the default condensation scheme in |
|---|
| 3048 | PALM cannot be used, i.e. <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a> |
|---|
| 3049 | must be set <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 3050 | |
|---|
| 3051 | |
|---|
| 3052 | |
|---|
| 3053 | |
|---|
| 3054 | |
|---|
| 3055 | |
|---|
| 3056 | |
|---|
| 3057 | </td> |
|---|
| 3058 | |
|---|
| 3059 | |
|---|
| 3060 | |
|---|
| 3061 | |
|---|
| 3062 | |
|---|
| 3063 | |
|---|
| 3064 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3065 | |
|---|
| 3066 | |
|---|
| 3067 | |
|---|
| 3068 | |
|---|
| 3069 | |
|---|
| 3070 | |
|---|
| 3071 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3072 | |
|---|
| 3073 | |
|---|
| 3074 | |
|---|
| 3075 | |
|---|
| 3076 | |
|---|
| 3077 | |
|---|
| 3078 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3079 | |
|---|
| 3080 | |
|---|
| 3081 | |
|---|
| 3082 | |
|---|
| 3083 | |
|---|
| 3084 | |
|---|
| 3085 | <p><a name="cloud_physics"></a><b>cloud_physics</b></p> |
|---|
| 3086 | |
|---|
| 3087 | |
|---|
| 3088 | |
|---|
| 3089 | |
|---|
| 3090 | |
|---|
| 3091 | |
|---|
| 3092 | |
|---|
| 3093 | </td> |
|---|
| 3094 | |
|---|
| 3095 | |
|---|
| 3096 | |
|---|
| 3097 | |
|---|
| 3098 | |
|---|
| 3099 | |
|---|
| 3100 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> |
|---|
| 3101 | |
|---|
| 3102 | |
|---|
| 3103 | |
|---|
| 3104 | |
|---|
| 3105 | |
|---|
| 3106 | |
|---|
| 3107 | </td> |
|---|
| 3108 | |
|---|
| 3109 | |
|---|
| 3110 | |
|---|
| 3111 | |
|---|
| 3112 | |
|---|
| 3113 | |
|---|
| 3114 | |
|---|
| 3115 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 3116 | |
|---|
| 3117 | |
|---|
| 3118 | |
|---|
| 3119 | |
|---|
| 3120 | |
|---|
| 3121 | |
|---|
| 3122 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3123 | |
|---|
| 3124 | |
|---|
| 3125 | |
|---|
| 3126 | |
|---|
| 3127 | |
|---|
| 3128 | |
|---|
| 3129 | <p>Parameter to switch |
|---|
| 3130 | on the condensation scheme. </p> |
|---|
| 3131 | |
|---|
| 3132 | |
|---|
| 3133 | |
|---|
| 3134 | |
|---|
| 3135 | |
|---|
| 3136 | |
|---|
| 3137 | |
|---|
| 3138 | For <b>cloud_physics =</b> <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>, equations |
|---|
| 3139 | for the |
|---|
| 3140 | liquid water |
|---|
| 3141 | content and the liquid water potential temperature are solved instead |
|---|
| 3142 | of those for specific humidity and potential temperature. Note |
|---|
| 3143 | that a grid volume is assumed to be either completely saturated or |
|---|
| 3144 | completely |
|---|
| 3145 | unsaturated (0%-or-100%-scheme). A simple precipitation scheme can |
|---|
| 3146 | additionally be switched on with parameter <a href="#precipitation">precipitation</a>. |
|---|
| 3147 | Also cloud-top cooling by longwave radiation can be utilized (see <a href="#radiation">radiation</a>)<br> |
|---|
| 3148 | |
|---|
| 3149 | |
|---|
| 3150 | |
|---|
| 3151 | |
|---|
| 3152 | |
|---|
| 3153 | |
|---|
| 3154 | <b><br> |
|---|
| 3155 | |
|---|
| 3156 | |
|---|
| 3157 | |
|---|
| 3158 | |
|---|
| 3159 | |
|---|
| 3160 | |
|---|
| 3161 | |
|---|
| 3162 | cloud_physics =</b> <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE. |
|---|
| 3163 | </span>requires <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> |
|---|
| 3164 | =<span style="font-style: italic;"> .TRUE.</span> .<br> |
|---|
| 3165 | |
|---|
| 3166 | |
|---|
| 3167 | |
|---|
| 3168 | |
|---|
| 3169 | |
|---|
| 3170 | |
|---|
| 3171 | |
|---|
| 3172 | Detailed information about the condensation scheme is given in the |
|---|
| 3173 | description of the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM-1/Dokumentationen/Cloud_physics/wolken.pdf">cloud |
|---|
| 3174 | physics module</a> (pdf-file, only in German).<br> |
|---|
| 3175 | |
|---|
| 3176 | |
|---|
| 3177 | |
|---|
| 3178 | |
|---|
| 3179 | |
|---|
| 3180 | |
|---|
| 3181 | <br> |
|---|
| 3182 | |
|---|
| 3183 | |
|---|
| 3184 | |
|---|
| 3185 | |
|---|
| 3186 | |
|---|
| 3187 | |
|---|
| 3188 | |
|---|
| 3189 | This condensation scheme is not allowed if cloud droplets are simulated |
|---|
| 3190 | explicitly (see <a href="#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 3191 | |
|---|
| 3192 | |
|---|
| 3193 | |
|---|
| 3194 | |
|---|
| 3195 | |
|---|
| 3196 | |
|---|
| 3197 | |
|---|
| 3198 | </td> |
|---|
| 3199 | |
|---|
| 3200 | |
|---|
| 3201 | |
|---|
| 3202 | |
|---|
| 3203 | |
|---|
| 3204 | |
|---|
| 3205 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3206 | |
|---|
| 3207 | |
|---|
| 3208 | |
|---|
| 3209 | |
|---|
| 3210 | |
|---|
| 3211 | |
|---|
| 3212 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3213 | |
|---|
| 3214 | |
|---|
| 3215 | |
|---|
| 3216 | |
|---|
| 3217 | |
|---|
| 3218 | |
|---|
| 3219 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="conserve_volume_flow"></a>conserve_volume_flow</span></td> |
|---|
| 3220 | |
|---|
| 3221 | |
|---|
| 3222 | |
|---|
| 3223 | |
|---|
| 3224 | |
|---|
| 3225 | |
|---|
| 3226 | |
|---|
| 3227 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 3228 | |
|---|
| 3229 | |
|---|
| 3230 | |
|---|
| 3231 | |
|---|
| 3232 | |
|---|
| 3233 | |
|---|
| 3234 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 3235 | |
|---|
| 3236 | |
|---|
| 3237 | |
|---|
| 3238 | |
|---|
| 3239 | |
|---|
| 3240 | |
|---|
| 3241 | <td>Conservation |
|---|
| 3242 | of volume flow in x- and y-direction.<br> |
|---|
| 3243 | |
|---|
| 3244 | |
|---|
| 3245 | |
|---|
| 3246 | |
|---|
| 3247 | |
|---|
| 3248 | |
|---|
| 3249 | <br> |
|---|
| 3250 | |
|---|
| 3251 | |
|---|
| 3252 | |
|---|
| 3253 | |
|---|
| 3254 | |
|---|
| 3255 | |
|---|
| 3256 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow</span> |
|---|
| 3257 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> |
|---|
| 3258 | guarantees that the volume flow through the xz- or yz-cross-section of |
|---|
| 3259 | the total model domain remains constant (equal to the initial value at |
|---|
| 3260 | t=0) throughout the run.<br><br>Note that <span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow</span> |
|---|
| 3261 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> requires <a href="#dp_external">dp_external</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span> .<br> |
|---|
| 3262 | |
|---|
| 3263 | |
|---|
| 3264 | |
|---|
| 3265 | |
|---|
| 3266 | |
|---|
| 3267 | |
|---|
| 3268 | |
|---|
| 3269 | </td> |
|---|
| 3270 | |
|---|
| 3271 | |
|---|
| 3272 | |
|---|
| 3273 | |
|---|
| 3274 | |
|---|
| 3275 | |
|---|
| 3276 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3277 | |
|---|
| 3278 | |
|---|
| 3279 | |
|---|
| 3280 | |
|---|
| 3281 | |
|---|
| 3282 | |
|---|
| 3283 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3284 | |
|---|
| 3285 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="cthf"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">cthf</span></td> |
|---|
| 3286 | |
|---|
| 3287 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3288 | |
|---|
| 3289 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 3290 | |
|---|
| 3291 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Average heat flux that is prescribed at the top of the plant canopy.<br> |
|---|
| 3292 | |
|---|
| 3293 | |
|---|
| 3294 | <br> |
|---|
| 3295 | |
|---|
| 3296 | |
|---|
| 3297 | If <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, the user can prescribe a heat flux at the top of the plant canopy.<br> |
|---|
| 3298 | |
|---|
| 3299 | |
|---|
| 3300 | It is assumed that solar radiation penetrates the canopy and warms the |
|---|
| 3301 | foliage which, in turn, warms the air in contact with it. <br> |
|---|
| 3302 | |
|---|
| 3303 | |
|---|
| 3304 | Note: Instead of using the value prescribed by <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>, |
|---|
| 3305 | the near surface heat flux is determined from an exponential function |
|---|
| 3306 | that is dependent on the cumulative leaf_area_index (Shaw and Schumann |
|---|
| 3307 | (1992, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 61, 47-64)).</td> |
|---|
| 3308 | |
|---|
| 3309 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3310 | |
|---|
| 3311 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3312 | |
|---|
| 3313 | |
|---|
| 3314 | |
|---|
| 3315 | |
|---|
| 3316 | |
|---|
| 3317 | |
|---|
| 3318 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3319 | |
|---|
| 3320 | |
|---|
| 3321 | |
|---|
| 3322 | |
|---|
| 3323 | |
|---|
| 3324 | |
|---|
| 3325 | <p><a name="cut_spline_overshoot"></a><b>cut_spline_overshoot</b></p> |
|---|
| 3326 | |
|---|
| 3327 | |
|---|
| 3328 | |
|---|
| 3329 | |
|---|
| 3330 | |
|---|
| 3331 | |
|---|
| 3332 | |
|---|
| 3333 | </td> |
|---|
| 3334 | |
|---|
| 3335 | |
|---|
| 3336 | |
|---|
| 3337 | |
|---|
| 3338 | |
|---|
| 3339 | |
|---|
| 3340 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 3341 | |
|---|
| 3342 | |
|---|
| 3343 | |
|---|
| 3344 | |
|---|
| 3345 | |
|---|
| 3346 | |
|---|
| 3347 | |
|---|
| 3348 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span></td> |
|---|
| 3349 | |
|---|
| 3350 | |
|---|
| 3351 | |
|---|
| 3352 | |
|---|
| 3353 | |
|---|
| 3354 | |
|---|
| 3355 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3356 | |
|---|
| 3357 | |
|---|
| 3358 | |
|---|
| 3359 | |
|---|
| 3360 | |
|---|
| 3361 | |
|---|
| 3362 | <p>Cuts off of |
|---|
| 3363 | so-called overshoots, which can occur with the |
|---|
| 3364 | upstream-spline scheme. </p> |
|---|
| 3365 | |
|---|
| 3366 | |
|---|
| 3367 | |
|---|
| 3368 | |
|---|
| 3369 | |
|---|
| 3370 | |
|---|
| 3371 | |
|---|
| 3372 | |
|---|
| 3373 | |
|---|
| 3374 | |
|---|
| 3375 | |
|---|
| 3376 | |
|---|
| 3377 | |
|---|
| 3378 | <p><font color="#000000">The cubic splines tend to overshoot in |
|---|
| 3379 | case of discontinuous changes of variables between neighbouring grid |
|---|
| 3380 | points.</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#000000">This |
|---|
| 3381 | may lead to errors in calculating the advection tendency.</font> |
|---|
| 3382 | Choice |
|---|
| 3383 | of <b>cut_spline_overshoot</b> = <i>.TRUE.</i> |
|---|
| 3384 | (switched on by |
|---|
| 3385 | default) |
|---|
| 3386 | allows variable values not to exceed an interval defined by the |
|---|
| 3387 | respective adjacent grid points. This interval can be adjusted |
|---|
| 3388 | seperately for every prognostic variable (see initialization parameters |
|---|
| 3389 | <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_pt">overshoot_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_u">overshoot_limit_u</a>, |
|---|
| 3390 | etc.). This might be necessary in case that the |
|---|
| 3391 | default interval has a non-tolerable effect on the model |
|---|
| 3392 | results. </p> |
|---|
| 3393 | |
|---|
| 3394 | |
|---|
| 3395 | |
|---|
| 3396 | |
|---|
| 3397 | |
|---|
| 3398 | |
|---|
| 3399 | |
|---|
| 3400 | |
|---|
| 3401 | |
|---|
| 3402 | |
|---|
| 3403 | |
|---|
| 3404 | |
|---|
| 3405 | |
|---|
| 3406 | <p>Overshoots may also be removed |
|---|
| 3407 | using the parameters <a href="#ups_limit_e">ups_limit_e</a>, |
|---|
| 3408 | <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, |
|---|
| 3409 | etc. as well as by applying a long-filter (see <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 3410 | |
|---|
| 3411 | |
|---|
| 3412 | |
|---|
| 3413 | |
|---|
| 3414 | |
|---|
| 3415 | |
|---|
| 3416 | |
|---|
| 3417 | </td> |
|---|
| 3418 | |
|---|
| 3419 | |
|---|
| 3420 | |
|---|
| 3421 | |
|---|
| 3422 | |
|---|
| 3423 | |
|---|
| 3424 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3425 | |
|---|
| 3426 | |
|---|
| 3427 | |
|---|
| 3428 | |
|---|
| 3429 | |
|---|
| 3430 | |
|---|
| 3431 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3432 | |
|---|
| 3433 | |
|---|
| 3434 | |
|---|
| 3435 | |
|---|
| 3436 | |
|---|
| 3437 | |
|---|
| 3438 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3439 | |
|---|
| 3440 | |
|---|
| 3441 | |
|---|
| 3442 | |
|---|
| 3443 | |
|---|
| 3444 | |
|---|
| 3445 | <p><a name="damp_level_1d"></a><b>damp_level_1d</b></p> |
|---|
| 3446 | |
|---|
| 3447 | |
|---|
| 3448 | |
|---|
| 3449 | |
|---|
| 3450 | |
|---|
| 3451 | |
|---|
| 3452 | |
|---|
| 3453 | </td> |
|---|
| 3454 | |
|---|
| 3455 | |
|---|
| 3456 | |
|---|
| 3457 | |
|---|
| 3458 | |
|---|
| 3459 | |
|---|
| 3460 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3461 | |
|---|
| 3462 | |
|---|
| 3463 | |
|---|
| 3464 | |
|---|
| 3465 | |
|---|
| 3466 | |
|---|
| 3467 | |
|---|
| 3468 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz+1)</span></td> |
|---|
| 3469 | |
|---|
| 3470 | |
|---|
| 3471 | |
|---|
| 3472 | |
|---|
| 3473 | |
|---|
| 3474 | |
|---|
| 3475 | |
|---|
| 3476 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3477 | |
|---|
| 3478 | |
|---|
| 3479 | |
|---|
| 3480 | |
|---|
| 3481 | |
|---|
| 3482 | |
|---|
| 3483 | <p>Height where |
|---|
| 3484 | the damping layer begins in the 1d-model |
|---|
| 3485 | (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 3486 | |
|---|
| 3487 | |
|---|
| 3488 | |
|---|
| 3489 | |
|---|
| 3490 | |
|---|
| 3491 | |
|---|
| 3492 | |
|---|
| 3493 | |
|---|
| 3494 | |
|---|
| 3495 | |
|---|
| 3496 | |
|---|
| 3497 | |
|---|
| 3498 | |
|---|
| 3499 | <p>This parameter is used to |
|---|
| 3500 | switch on a damping layer for the |
|---|
| 3501 | 1d-model, which is generally needed for the damping of inertia |
|---|
| 3502 | oscillations. Damping is done by gradually increasing the value |
|---|
| 3503 | of the eddy diffusivities about 10% per vertical grid level |
|---|
| 3504 | (starting with the value at the height given by <b>damp_level_1d</b>, |
|---|
| 3505 | or possibly from the next grid pint above), i.e. K<sub>m</sub>(k+1) |
|---|
| 3506 | = |
|---|
| 3507 | 1.1 * K<sub>m</sub>(k). |
|---|
| 3508 | The values of K<sub>m</sub> are limited to 10 m**2/s at |
|---|
| 3509 | maximum. <br> |
|---|
| 3510 | |
|---|
| 3511 | |
|---|
| 3512 | |
|---|
| 3513 | |
|---|
| 3514 | |
|---|
| 3515 | |
|---|
| 3516 | |
|---|
| 3517 | This parameter only comes into effect if the 1d-model is switched on |
|---|
| 3518 | for |
|---|
| 3519 | the initialization of the 3d-model using <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 3520 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>. |
|---|
| 3521 | <br> |
|---|
| 3522 | |
|---|
| 3523 | |
|---|
| 3524 | |
|---|
| 3525 | |
|---|
| 3526 | |
|---|
| 3527 | |
|---|
| 3528 | </p> |
|---|
| 3529 | |
|---|
| 3530 | |
|---|
| 3531 | |
|---|
| 3532 | |
|---|
| 3533 | |
|---|
| 3534 | |
|---|
| 3535 | </td> |
|---|
| 3536 | |
|---|
| 3537 | |
|---|
| 3538 | |
|---|
| 3539 | |
|---|
| 3540 | |
|---|
| 3541 | |
|---|
| 3542 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3543 | |
|---|
| 3544 | |
|---|
| 3545 | |
|---|
| 3546 | |
|---|
| 3547 | |
|---|
| 3548 | |
|---|
| 3549 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3550 | |
|---|
| 3551 | |
|---|
| 3552 | |
|---|
| 3553 | |
|---|
| 3554 | |
|---|
| 3555 | |
|---|
| 3556 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dissipation_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span><br> |
|---|
| 3557 | |
|---|
| 3558 | |
|---|
| 3559 | |
|---|
| 3560 | |
|---|
| 3561 | |
|---|
| 3562 | |
|---|
| 3563 | |
|---|
| 3564 | </td> |
|---|
| 3565 | |
|---|
| 3566 | |
|---|
| 3567 | |
|---|
| 3568 | |
|---|
| 3569 | |
|---|
| 3570 | |
|---|
| 3571 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
|---|
| 3572 | |
|---|
| 3573 | |
|---|
| 3574 | |
|---|
| 3575 | |
|---|
| 3576 | |
|---|
| 3577 | |
|---|
| 3578 | |
|---|
| 3579 | </td> |
|---|
| 3580 | |
|---|
| 3581 | |
|---|
| 3582 | |
|---|
| 3583 | |
|---|
| 3584 | |
|---|
| 3585 | |
|---|
| 3586 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 3587 | |
|---|
| 3588 | |
|---|
| 3589 | |
|---|
| 3590 | |
|---|
| 3591 | |
|---|
| 3592 | |
|---|
| 3593 | <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br> |
|---|
| 3594 | |
|---|
| 3595 | |
|---|
| 3596 | |
|---|
| 3597 | |
|---|
| 3598 | |
|---|
| 3599 | |
|---|
| 3600 | </td> |
|---|
| 3601 | |
|---|
| 3602 | |
|---|
| 3603 | |
|---|
| 3604 | |
|---|
| 3605 | |
|---|
| 3606 | |
|---|
| 3607 | |
|---|
| 3608 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Calculation method for |
|---|
| 3609 | the energy dissipation term in the TKE equation of the 1d-model.<br> |
|---|
| 3610 | |
|---|
| 3611 | |
|---|
| 3612 | |
|---|
| 3613 | |
|---|
| 3614 | |
|---|
| 3615 | |
|---|
| 3616 | |
|---|
| 3617 | <br> |
|---|
| 3618 | |
|---|
| 3619 | |
|---|
| 3620 | |
|---|
| 3621 | |
|---|
| 3622 | |
|---|
| 3623 | |
|---|
| 3624 | |
|---|
| 3625 | By default the dissipation is calculated as in the 3d-model using diss |
|---|
| 3626 | = (0.19 + 0.74 * l / l_grid) * e**1.5 / l.<br> |
|---|
| 3627 | |
|---|
| 3628 | |
|---|
| 3629 | |
|---|
| 3630 | |
|---|
| 3631 | |
|---|
| 3632 | |
|---|
| 3633 | <br> |
|---|
| 3634 | |
|---|
| 3635 | |
|---|
| 3636 | |
|---|
| 3637 | |
|---|
| 3638 | |
|---|
| 3639 | |
|---|
| 3640 | |
|---|
| 3641 | Setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span> |
|---|
| 3642 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'detering'</span> |
|---|
| 3643 | forces the dissipation to be calculated as diss = 0.064 * e**1.5 / l.<br> |
|---|
| 3644 | |
|---|
| 3645 | |
|---|
| 3646 | |
|---|
| 3647 | |
|---|
| 3648 | |
|---|
| 3649 | |
|---|
| 3650 | |
|---|
| 3651 | </td> |
|---|
| 3652 | |
|---|
| 3653 | |
|---|
| 3654 | |
|---|
| 3655 | |
|---|
| 3656 | |
|---|
| 3657 | |
|---|
| 3658 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3659 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dp_external"></a><b>dp_external</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">.F.</td><td>External pressure gradient switch.<br><br>This |
|---|
| 3660 | parameter is used to switch on/off an external pressure gradient as |
|---|
| 3661 | driving force. The external pressure gradient is controlled by the |
|---|
| 3662 | parameters <a href="#dp_smooth">dp_smooth</a>, <a href="#dp_level_b">dp_level_b</a> and <a href="#dpdxy">dpdxy</a>.<br><br>Note that <span style="font-weight: bold;">dp_external</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> requires <a href="#conserve_volume_flow">conserve_volume_flow</a> =<span style="font-style: italic;"> .F. </span>It is normally recommended to disable the Coriolis force by setting <a href="l#omega">omega</a> = 0.0.</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dp_smooth"></a><b>dp_smooth</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">.F.</td><td>Vertically smooth the external pressure gradient using a sinusoidal smoothing function.<br><br>This parameter only applies if <a href="#dp_external">dp_external</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. </span>. It is useful in combination with <a href="#dp_level_b">dp_level_b</a> >> 0 to generate a non-accelerated boundary layer well below <a href="#dp_level_b">dp_level_b</a>.</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dp_level_b"></a><b>dp_level_b</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">0.0</td><td><font size="3">Lower |
|---|
| 3663 | limit of the vertical range for which the external pressure gradient is applied (</font>in <font size="3">m).</font><br><br>This parameter only applies if <a href="#dp_external">dp_external</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. </span><span lang="en-GB">It |
|---|
| 3664 | must hold the condition zu(0) <= <b>dp_level_b</b> |
|---|
| 3665 | <= zu(</span><a href="#nz"><span lang="en-GB">nz</span></a><span lang="en-GB">)</span><span lang="en-GB">. </span>It can be used in combination with <a href="#dp_smooth">dp_smooth</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> to generate a non-accelerated boundary layer well below <span style="font-weight: bold;">dp_level_b</span> if <span style="font-weight: bold;">dp_level_b</span> >> 0.<br><br>Note |
|---|
| 3666 | that there is no upper limit of the vertical range because the external |
|---|
| 3667 | pressure gradient is always applied up to the top of the model domain.</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dpdxy"></a><b>dpdxy</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R(2)</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;">2 * 0.0</td><td>Values of the external pressure gradient applied in x- and y-direction, respectively (in Pa/m).<br><br>This parameter only applies if <a href="#dp_external">dp_external</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. </span>It sets the pressure gradient values. Negative values mean an acceleration, positive values mean deceleration. For example, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dpdxy</span> = -0.0002, 0.0, drives the flow in positive x-direction, <span lang="en-GB"></span></td></tr> |
|---|
| 3668 | |
|---|
| 3669 | |
|---|
| 3670 | |
|---|
| 3671 | |
|---|
| 3672 | |
|---|
| 3673 | |
|---|
| 3674 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3675 | |
|---|
| 3676 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="drag_coefficient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">drag_coefficient</span></td> |
|---|
| 3677 | |
|---|
| 3678 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3679 | |
|---|
| 3680 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 3681 | |
|---|
| 3682 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Drag coefficient used in the plant canopy model.<br> |
|---|
| 3683 | |
|---|
| 3684 | <br> |
|---|
| 3685 | |
|---|
| 3686 | This parameter has to be non-zero, if the parameter <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 3687 | |
|---|
| 3688 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3689 | |
|---|
| 3690 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3691 | |
|---|
| 3692 | |
|---|
| 3693 | |
|---|
| 3694 | |
|---|
| 3695 | |
|---|
| 3696 | |
|---|
| 3697 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3698 | |
|---|
| 3699 | |
|---|
| 3700 | |
|---|
| 3701 | |
|---|
| 3702 | |
|---|
| 3703 | |
|---|
| 3704 | <p><a name="dt"></a><b>dt</b></p> |
|---|
| 3705 | |
|---|
| 3706 | |
|---|
| 3707 | |
|---|
| 3708 | |
|---|
| 3709 | |
|---|
| 3710 | |
|---|
| 3711 | </td> |
|---|
| 3712 | |
|---|
| 3713 | |
|---|
| 3714 | |
|---|
| 3715 | |
|---|
| 3716 | |
|---|
| 3717 | |
|---|
| 3718 | |
|---|
| 3719 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3720 | |
|---|
| 3721 | |
|---|
| 3722 | |
|---|
| 3723 | |
|---|
| 3724 | |
|---|
| 3725 | |
|---|
| 3726 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">variable</span></td> |
|---|
| 3727 | |
|---|
| 3728 | |
|---|
| 3729 | |
|---|
| 3730 | |
|---|
| 3731 | |
|---|
| 3732 | |
|---|
| 3733 | |
|---|
| 3734 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3735 | |
|---|
| 3736 | |
|---|
| 3737 | |
|---|
| 3738 | |
|---|
| 3739 | |
|---|
| 3740 | |
|---|
| 3741 | <p>Time step for |
|---|
| 3742 | the 3d-model (in s). </p> |
|---|
| 3743 | |
|---|
| 3744 | |
|---|
| 3745 | |
|---|
| 3746 | |
|---|
| 3747 | |
|---|
| 3748 | |
|---|
| 3749 | |
|---|
| 3750 | |
|---|
| 3751 | |
|---|
| 3752 | |
|---|
| 3753 | |
|---|
| 3754 | |
|---|
| 3755 | |
|---|
| 3756 | <p>By default, (i.e. |
|---|
| 3757 | if a Runge-Kutta scheme is used, see <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>) |
|---|
| 3758 | the value of the time step is calculating after each time step |
|---|
| 3759 | (following the time step criteria) and |
|---|
| 3760 | used for the next step.</p> |
|---|
| 3761 | |
|---|
| 3762 | |
|---|
| 3763 | |
|---|
| 3764 | |
|---|
| 3765 | |
|---|
| 3766 | |
|---|
| 3767 | |
|---|
| 3768 | |
|---|
| 3769 | |
|---|
| 3770 | |
|---|
| 3771 | |
|---|
| 3772 | |
|---|
| 3773 | |
|---|
| 3774 | <p>If the user assigns <b>dt</b> |
|---|
| 3775 | a value, then the time step is |
|---|
| 3776 | fixed to this value throughout the whole run (whether it fulfills the |
|---|
| 3777 | time step |
|---|
| 3778 | criteria or not). However, changes are allowed for restart runs, |
|---|
| 3779 | because <b>dt</b> can also be used as a <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_laufparameter">run |
|---|
| 3780 | parameter</a>. </p> |
|---|
| 3781 | |
|---|
| 3782 | |
|---|
| 3783 | |
|---|
| 3784 | |
|---|
| 3785 | |
|---|
| 3786 | |
|---|
| 3787 | |
|---|
| 3788 | |
|---|
| 3789 | |
|---|
| 3790 | |
|---|
| 3791 | |
|---|
| 3792 | |
|---|
| 3793 | |
|---|
| 3794 | <p>In case that the |
|---|
| 3795 | calculated time step meets the condition<br> |
|---|
| 3796 | |
|---|
| 3797 | |
|---|
| 3798 | |
|---|
| 3799 | |
|---|
| 3800 | |
|---|
| 3801 | |
|---|
| 3802 | </p> |
|---|
| 3803 | |
|---|
| 3804 | |
|---|
| 3805 | |
|---|
| 3806 | |
|---|
| 3807 | |
|---|
| 3808 | |
|---|
| 3809 | |
|---|
| 3810 | |
|---|
| 3811 | |
|---|
| 3812 | |
|---|
| 3813 | |
|---|
| 3814 | |
|---|
| 3815 | |
|---|
| 3816 | <ul> |
|---|
| 3817 | |
|---|
| 3818 | |
|---|
| 3819 | |
|---|
| 3820 | |
|---|
| 3821 | |
|---|
| 3822 | |
|---|
| 3823 | |
|---|
| 3824 | |
|---|
| 3825 | |
|---|
| 3826 | |
|---|
| 3827 | |
|---|
| 3828 | |
|---|
| 3829 | |
|---|
| 3830 | <p><b>dt</b> < 0.00001 * <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_max">dt_max</a> (with dt_max |
|---|
| 3831 | = 20.0)</p> |
|---|
| 3832 | |
|---|
| 3833 | |
|---|
| 3834 | |
|---|
| 3835 | |
|---|
| 3836 | |
|---|
| 3837 | |
|---|
| 3838 | |
|---|
| 3839 | |
|---|
| 3840 | |
|---|
| 3841 | |
|---|
| 3842 | |
|---|
| 3843 | |
|---|
| 3844 | |
|---|
| 3845 | </ul> |
|---|
| 3846 | |
|---|
| 3847 | |
|---|
| 3848 | |
|---|
| 3849 | |
|---|
| 3850 | |
|---|
| 3851 | |
|---|
| 3852 | |
|---|
| 3853 | |
|---|
| 3854 | |
|---|
| 3855 | |
|---|
| 3856 | |
|---|
| 3857 | |
|---|
| 3858 | |
|---|
| 3859 | <p>the simulation will be |
|---|
| 3860 | aborted. Such situations usually arise |
|---|
| 3861 | in case of any numerical problem / instability which causes a |
|---|
| 3862 | non-realistic increase of the wind speed. </p> |
|---|
| 3863 | |
|---|
| 3864 | |
|---|
| 3865 | |
|---|
| 3866 | |
|---|
| 3867 | |
|---|
| 3868 | |
|---|
| 3869 | |
|---|
| 3870 | |
|---|
| 3871 | |
|---|
| 3872 | |
|---|
| 3873 | |
|---|
| 3874 | |
|---|
| 3875 | |
|---|
| 3876 | <p>A |
|---|
| 3877 | small time step due to a large mean horizontal windspeed |
|---|
| 3878 | speed may be enlarged by using a coordinate transformation (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
|---|
| 3879 | in order to spare CPU time.<br> |
|---|
| 3880 | |
|---|
| 3881 | |
|---|
| 3882 | |
|---|
| 3883 | |
|---|
| 3884 | |
|---|
| 3885 | |
|---|
| 3886 | </p> |
|---|
| 3887 | |
|---|
| 3888 | |
|---|
| 3889 | |
|---|
| 3890 | |
|---|
| 3891 | |
|---|
| 3892 | |
|---|
| 3893 | |
|---|
| 3894 | |
|---|
| 3895 | |
|---|
| 3896 | |
|---|
| 3897 | |
|---|
| 3898 | |
|---|
| 3899 | |
|---|
| 3900 | <p>If the |
|---|
| 3901 | leapfrog timestep scheme is used (see <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>) |
|---|
| 3902 | a temporary time step value dt_new is calculated first, with dt_new = <a href="chapter_4.2.html#fcl_factor">cfl_factor</a> |
|---|
| 3903 | * dt_crit where dt_crit is the maximum timestep allowed by the CFL and |
|---|
| 3904 | diffusion condition. Next it is examined whether dt_new exceeds or |
|---|
| 3905 | falls below the |
|---|
| 3906 | value of the previous timestep by at |
|---|
| 3907 | least +5 % / -2%. If it is smaller, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span> |
|---|
| 3908 | = dt_new is immediately used for the next timestep. If it is larger, |
|---|
| 3909 | then <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt </span>= |
|---|
| 3910 | 1.02 * dt_prev |
|---|
| 3911 | (previous timestep) is used as the new timestep, however the time |
|---|
| 3912 | step is only increased if the last change of the time step is dated |
|---|
| 3913 | back at |
|---|
| 3914 | least 30 iterations. If dt_new is located in the interval mentioned |
|---|
| 3915 | above, then dt |
|---|
| 3916 | does not change at all. By doing so, permanent time step changes as |
|---|
| 3917 | well as large |
|---|
| 3918 | sudden changes (increases) in the time step are avoided.</p> |
|---|
| 3919 | |
|---|
| 3920 | |
|---|
| 3921 | |
|---|
| 3922 | |
|---|
| 3923 | |
|---|
| 3924 | |
|---|
| 3925 | </td> |
|---|
| 3926 | |
|---|
| 3927 | |
|---|
| 3928 | |
|---|
| 3929 | |
|---|
| 3930 | |
|---|
| 3931 | |
|---|
| 3932 | |
|---|
| 3933 | </tr> |
|---|
| 3934 | |
|---|
| 3935 | |
|---|
| 3936 | |
|---|
| 3937 | |
|---|
| 3938 | |
|---|
| 3939 | |
|---|
| 3940 | <tr> |
|---|
| 3941 | |
|---|
| 3942 | |
|---|
| 3943 | |
|---|
| 3944 | |
|---|
| 3945 | |
|---|
| 3946 | |
|---|
| 3947 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3948 | |
|---|
| 3949 | |
|---|
| 3950 | |
|---|
| 3951 | |
|---|
| 3952 | |
|---|
| 3953 | |
|---|
| 3954 | <p><a name="dt_pr_1d"></a><b>dt_pr_1d</b></p> |
|---|
| 3955 | |
|---|
| 3956 | |
|---|
| 3957 | |
|---|
| 3958 | |
|---|
| 3959 | |
|---|
| 3960 | |
|---|
| 3961 | |
|---|
| 3962 | </td> |
|---|
| 3963 | |
|---|
| 3964 | |
|---|
| 3965 | |
|---|
| 3966 | |
|---|
| 3967 | |
|---|
| 3968 | |
|---|
| 3969 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 3970 | |
|---|
| 3971 | |
|---|
| 3972 | |
|---|
| 3973 | |
|---|
| 3974 | |
|---|
| 3975 | |
|---|
| 3976 | |
|---|
| 3977 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td> |
|---|
| 3978 | |
|---|
| 3979 | |
|---|
| 3980 | |
|---|
| 3981 | |
|---|
| 3982 | |
|---|
| 3983 | |
|---|
| 3984 | |
|---|
| 3985 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 3986 | |
|---|
| 3987 | |
|---|
| 3988 | |
|---|
| 3989 | |
|---|
| 3990 | |
|---|
| 3991 | |
|---|
| 3992 | <p>Temporal |
|---|
| 3993 | interval of vertical profile output of the 1D-model |
|---|
| 3994 | (in s). </p> |
|---|
| 3995 | |
|---|
| 3996 | |
|---|
| 3997 | |
|---|
| 3998 | |
|---|
| 3999 | |
|---|
| 4000 | |
|---|
| 4001 | |
|---|
| 4002 | |
|---|
| 4003 | |
|---|
| 4004 | |
|---|
| 4005 | |
|---|
| 4006 | |
|---|
| 4007 | |
|---|
| 4008 | <p>Data are written in ASCII |
|---|
| 4009 | format to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#LIST_PROFIL_1D">LIST_PROFIL_1D</a>. |
|---|
| 4010 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model has been switched on |
|---|
| 4011 | for the |
|---|
| 4012 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 4013 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
|---|
| 4014 | |
|---|
| 4015 | |
|---|
| 4016 | |
|---|
| 4017 | |
|---|
| 4018 | |
|---|
| 4019 | |
|---|
| 4020 | |
|---|
| 4021 | </td> |
|---|
| 4022 | |
|---|
| 4023 | |
|---|
| 4024 | |
|---|
| 4025 | |
|---|
| 4026 | |
|---|
| 4027 | |
|---|
| 4028 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4029 | |
|---|
| 4030 | |
|---|
| 4031 | |
|---|
| 4032 | |
|---|
| 4033 | |
|---|
| 4034 | |
|---|
| 4035 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4036 | |
|---|
| 4037 | |
|---|
| 4038 | |
|---|
| 4039 | |
|---|
| 4040 | |
|---|
| 4041 | |
|---|
| 4042 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4043 | |
|---|
| 4044 | |
|---|
| 4045 | |
|---|
| 4046 | |
|---|
| 4047 | |
|---|
| 4048 | |
|---|
| 4049 | <p><a name="dt_run_control_1d"></a><b>dt_run_control_1d</b></p> |
|---|
| 4050 | |
|---|
| 4051 | |
|---|
| 4052 | |
|---|
| 4053 | |
|---|
| 4054 | |
|---|
| 4055 | |
|---|
| 4056 | |
|---|
| 4057 | </td> |
|---|
| 4058 | |
|---|
| 4059 | |
|---|
| 4060 | |
|---|
| 4061 | |
|---|
| 4062 | |
|---|
| 4063 | |
|---|
| 4064 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4065 | |
|---|
| 4066 | |
|---|
| 4067 | |
|---|
| 4068 | |
|---|
| 4069 | |
|---|
| 4070 | |
|---|
| 4071 | |
|---|
| 4072 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">60.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 4073 | |
|---|
| 4074 | |
|---|
| 4075 | |
|---|
| 4076 | |
|---|
| 4077 | |
|---|
| 4078 | |
|---|
| 4079 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4080 | |
|---|
| 4081 | |
|---|
| 4082 | |
|---|
| 4083 | |
|---|
| 4084 | |
|---|
| 4085 | |
|---|
| 4086 | <p>Temporal interval of |
|---|
| 4087 | runtime control output of the 1d-model |
|---|
| 4088 | (in s). </p> |
|---|
| 4089 | |
|---|
| 4090 | |
|---|
| 4091 | |
|---|
| 4092 | |
|---|
| 4093 | |
|---|
| 4094 | |
|---|
| 4095 | |
|---|
| 4096 | |
|---|
| 4097 | |
|---|
| 4098 | |
|---|
| 4099 | |
|---|
| 4100 | |
|---|
| 4101 | |
|---|
| 4102 | <p>Data are written in ASCII |
|---|
| 4103 | format to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>. |
|---|
| 4104 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model is switched on for the |
|---|
| 4105 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 4106 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
|---|
| 4107 | |
|---|
| 4108 | |
|---|
| 4109 | |
|---|
| 4110 | |
|---|
| 4111 | |
|---|
| 4112 | |
|---|
| 4113 | |
|---|
| 4114 | </td> |
|---|
| 4115 | |
|---|
| 4116 | |
|---|
| 4117 | |
|---|
| 4118 | |
|---|
| 4119 | |
|---|
| 4120 | |
|---|
| 4121 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4122 | |
|---|
| 4123 | |
|---|
| 4124 | |
|---|
| 4125 | |
|---|
| 4126 | |
|---|
| 4127 | |
|---|
| 4128 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4129 | |
|---|
| 4130 | |
|---|
| 4131 | |
|---|
| 4132 | |
|---|
| 4133 | |
|---|
| 4134 | |
|---|
| 4135 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4136 | |
|---|
| 4137 | |
|---|
| 4138 | |
|---|
| 4139 | |
|---|
| 4140 | |
|---|
| 4141 | |
|---|
| 4142 | <p><a name="dx"></a><b>dx</b></p> |
|---|
| 4143 | |
|---|
| 4144 | |
|---|
| 4145 | |
|---|
| 4146 | |
|---|
| 4147 | |
|---|
| 4148 | |
|---|
| 4149 | |
|---|
| 4150 | </td> |
|---|
| 4151 | |
|---|
| 4152 | |
|---|
| 4153 | |
|---|
| 4154 | |
|---|
| 4155 | |
|---|
| 4156 | |
|---|
| 4157 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4158 | |
|---|
| 4159 | |
|---|
| 4160 | |
|---|
| 4161 | |
|---|
| 4162 | |
|---|
| 4163 | |
|---|
| 4164 | |
|---|
| 4165 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 4166 | |
|---|
| 4167 | |
|---|
| 4168 | |
|---|
| 4169 | |
|---|
| 4170 | |
|---|
| 4171 | |
|---|
| 4172 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4173 | |
|---|
| 4174 | |
|---|
| 4175 | |
|---|
| 4176 | |
|---|
| 4177 | |
|---|
| 4178 | |
|---|
| 4179 | <p>Horizontal grid |
|---|
| 4180 | spacing along the x-direction (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 4181 | |
|---|
| 4182 | |
|---|
| 4183 | |
|---|
| 4184 | |
|---|
| 4185 | |
|---|
| 4186 | |
|---|
| 4187 | |
|---|
| 4188 | |
|---|
| 4189 | |
|---|
| 4190 | |
|---|
| 4191 | |
|---|
| 4192 | |
|---|
| 4193 | |
|---|
| 4194 | <p>Along |
|---|
| 4195 | x-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p> |
|---|
| 4196 | |
|---|
| 4197 | |
|---|
| 4198 | |
|---|
| 4199 | |
|---|
| 4200 | |
|---|
| 4201 | |
|---|
| 4202 | |
|---|
| 4203 | |
|---|
| 4204 | |
|---|
| 4205 | |
|---|
| 4206 | |
|---|
| 4207 | |
|---|
| 4208 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
|---|
| 4209 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
|---|
| 4210 | |
|---|
| 4211 | |
|---|
| 4212 | |
|---|
| 4213 | |
|---|
| 4214 | |
|---|
| 4215 | |
|---|
| 4216 | </td> |
|---|
| 4217 | |
|---|
| 4218 | |
|---|
| 4219 | |
|---|
| 4220 | |
|---|
| 4221 | |
|---|
| 4222 | |
|---|
| 4223 | |
|---|
| 4224 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4225 | |
|---|
| 4226 | |
|---|
| 4227 | |
|---|
| 4228 | |
|---|
| 4229 | |
|---|
| 4230 | |
|---|
| 4231 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4232 | |
|---|
| 4233 | |
|---|
| 4234 | |
|---|
| 4235 | |
|---|
| 4236 | |
|---|
| 4237 | |
|---|
| 4238 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4239 | |
|---|
| 4240 | |
|---|
| 4241 | |
|---|
| 4242 | |
|---|
| 4243 | |
|---|
| 4244 | |
|---|
| 4245 | <p><a name="dy"></a><b>dy</b></p> |
|---|
| 4246 | |
|---|
| 4247 | |
|---|
| 4248 | |
|---|
| 4249 | |
|---|
| 4250 | |
|---|
| 4251 | |
|---|
| 4252 | |
|---|
| 4253 | </td> |
|---|
| 4254 | |
|---|
| 4255 | |
|---|
| 4256 | |
|---|
| 4257 | |
|---|
| 4258 | |
|---|
| 4259 | |
|---|
| 4260 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4261 | |
|---|
| 4262 | |
|---|
| 4263 | |
|---|
| 4264 | |
|---|
| 4265 | |
|---|
| 4266 | |
|---|
| 4267 | |
|---|
| 4268 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 4269 | |
|---|
| 4270 | |
|---|
| 4271 | |
|---|
| 4272 | |
|---|
| 4273 | |
|---|
| 4274 | |
|---|
| 4275 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4276 | |
|---|
| 4277 | |
|---|
| 4278 | |
|---|
| 4279 | |
|---|
| 4280 | |
|---|
| 4281 | |
|---|
| 4282 | <p>Horizontal grid |
|---|
| 4283 | spacing along the y-direction (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 4284 | |
|---|
| 4285 | |
|---|
| 4286 | |
|---|
| 4287 | |
|---|
| 4288 | |
|---|
| 4289 | |
|---|
| 4290 | |
|---|
| 4291 | |
|---|
| 4292 | |
|---|
| 4293 | |
|---|
| 4294 | |
|---|
| 4295 | |
|---|
| 4296 | |
|---|
| 4297 | <p>Along y-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p> |
|---|
| 4298 | |
|---|
| 4299 | |
|---|
| 4300 | |
|---|
| 4301 | |
|---|
| 4302 | |
|---|
| 4303 | |
|---|
| 4304 | |
|---|
| 4305 | |
|---|
| 4306 | |
|---|
| 4307 | |
|---|
| 4308 | |
|---|
| 4309 | |
|---|
| 4310 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
|---|
| 4311 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
|---|
| 4312 | |
|---|
| 4313 | |
|---|
| 4314 | |
|---|
| 4315 | |
|---|
| 4316 | |
|---|
| 4317 | |
|---|
| 4318 | </td> |
|---|
| 4319 | |
|---|
| 4320 | |
|---|
| 4321 | |
|---|
| 4322 | |
|---|
| 4323 | |
|---|
| 4324 | |
|---|
| 4325 | |
|---|
| 4326 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4327 | |
|---|
| 4328 | |
|---|
| 4329 | |
|---|
| 4330 | |
|---|
| 4331 | |
|---|
| 4332 | |
|---|
| 4333 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4334 | |
|---|
| 4335 | |
|---|
| 4336 | |
|---|
| 4337 | |
|---|
| 4338 | |
|---|
| 4339 | |
|---|
| 4340 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4341 | |
|---|
| 4342 | |
|---|
| 4343 | |
|---|
| 4344 | |
|---|
| 4345 | |
|---|
| 4346 | |
|---|
| 4347 | <p><a name="dz"></a><b>dz</b></p> |
|---|
| 4348 | |
|---|
| 4349 | |
|---|
| 4350 | |
|---|
| 4351 | |
|---|
| 4352 | |
|---|
| 4353 | |
|---|
| 4354 | |
|---|
| 4355 | </td> |
|---|
| 4356 | |
|---|
| 4357 | |
|---|
| 4358 | |
|---|
| 4359 | |
|---|
| 4360 | |
|---|
| 4361 | |
|---|
| 4362 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4363 | |
|---|
| 4364 | |
|---|
| 4365 | |
|---|
| 4366 | |
|---|
| 4367 | |
|---|
| 4368 | |
|---|
| 4369 | |
|---|
| 4370 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 4371 | |
|---|
| 4372 | |
|---|
| 4373 | |
|---|
| 4374 | |
|---|
| 4375 | |
|---|
| 4376 | |
|---|
| 4377 | </td> |
|---|
| 4378 | |
|---|
| 4379 | |
|---|
| 4380 | |
|---|
| 4381 | |
|---|
| 4382 | |
|---|
| 4383 | |
|---|
| 4384 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4385 | |
|---|
| 4386 | |
|---|
| 4387 | |
|---|
| 4388 | |
|---|
| 4389 | |
|---|
| 4390 | |
|---|
| 4391 | <p>Vertical grid |
|---|
| 4392 | spacing (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 4393 | |
|---|
| 4394 | |
|---|
| 4395 | |
|---|
| 4396 | |
|---|
| 4397 | |
|---|
| 4398 | |
|---|
| 4399 | |
|---|
| 4400 | |
|---|
| 4401 | |
|---|
| 4402 | |
|---|
| 4403 | |
|---|
| 4404 | |
|---|
| 4405 | |
|---|
| 4406 | <p>This parameter must be |
|---|
| 4407 | assigned by the user, because no |
|---|
| 4408 | default value is given.<br> |
|---|
| 4409 | |
|---|
| 4410 | |
|---|
| 4411 | |
|---|
| 4412 | |
|---|
| 4413 | |
|---|
| 4414 | |
|---|
| 4415 | </p> |
|---|
| 4416 | |
|---|
| 4417 | |
|---|
| 4418 | |
|---|
| 4419 | |
|---|
| 4420 | |
|---|
| 4421 | |
|---|
| 4422 | |
|---|
| 4423 | |
|---|
| 4424 | |
|---|
| 4425 | |
|---|
| 4426 | |
|---|
| 4427 | |
|---|
| 4428 | |
|---|
| 4429 | <p>By default, the |
|---|
| 4430 | model uses constant grid spacing along z-direction, but it can be |
|---|
| 4431 | stretched using the parameters <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a> |
|---|
| 4432 | and <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a>. |
|---|
| 4433 | In case of stretching, a maximum allowed grid spacing can be given by <a href="#dz_max">dz_max</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 4434 | |
|---|
| 4435 | |
|---|
| 4436 | |
|---|
| 4437 | |
|---|
| 4438 | |
|---|
| 4439 | |
|---|
| 4440 | </p> |
|---|
| 4441 | |
|---|
| 4442 | |
|---|
| 4443 | |
|---|
| 4444 | |
|---|
| 4445 | |
|---|
| 4446 | |
|---|
| 4447 | |
|---|
| 4448 | |
|---|
| 4449 | |
|---|
| 4450 | |
|---|
| 4451 | |
|---|
| 4452 | |
|---|
| 4453 | |
|---|
| 4454 | <p>Assuming |
|---|
| 4455 | a constant <span style="font-weight: bold;">dz</span>, |
|---|
| 4456 | the scalar levels (zu) are calculated directly by: </p> |
|---|
| 4457 | |
|---|
| 4458 | |
|---|
| 4459 | |
|---|
| 4460 | |
|---|
| 4461 | |
|---|
| 4462 | |
|---|
| 4463 | |
|---|
| 4464 | |
|---|
| 4465 | |
|---|
| 4466 | |
|---|
| 4467 | |
|---|
| 4468 | |
|---|
| 4469 | |
|---|
| 4470 | <ul> |
|---|
| 4471 | |
|---|
| 4472 | |
|---|
| 4473 | |
|---|
| 4474 | |
|---|
| 4475 | |
|---|
| 4476 | |
|---|
| 4477 | |
|---|
| 4478 | |
|---|
| 4479 | |
|---|
| 4480 | |
|---|
| 4481 | |
|---|
| 4482 | |
|---|
| 4483 | |
|---|
| 4484 | <p>zu(0) = - dz * 0.5 <br> |
|---|
| 4485 | |
|---|
| 4486 | |
|---|
| 4487 | |
|---|
| 4488 | |
|---|
| 4489 | |
|---|
| 4490 | |
|---|
| 4491 | |
|---|
| 4492 | zu(1) = dz * 0.5</p> |
|---|
| 4493 | |
|---|
| 4494 | |
|---|
| 4495 | |
|---|
| 4496 | |
|---|
| 4497 | |
|---|
| 4498 | |
|---|
| 4499 | |
|---|
| 4500 | |
|---|
| 4501 | |
|---|
| 4502 | |
|---|
| 4503 | |
|---|
| 4504 | |
|---|
| 4505 | |
|---|
| 4506 | </ul> |
|---|
| 4507 | |
|---|
| 4508 | |
|---|
| 4509 | |
|---|
| 4510 | |
|---|
| 4511 | |
|---|
| 4512 | |
|---|
| 4513 | |
|---|
| 4514 | |
|---|
| 4515 | |
|---|
| 4516 | |
|---|
| 4517 | |
|---|
| 4518 | |
|---|
| 4519 | |
|---|
| 4520 | <p>The w-levels lie |
|---|
| 4521 | half between them: </p> |
|---|
| 4522 | |
|---|
| 4523 | |
|---|
| 4524 | |
|---|
| 4525 | |
|---|
| 4526 | |
|---|
| 4527 | |
|---|
| 4528 | |
|---|
| 4529 | |
|---|
| 4530 | |
|---|
| 4531 | |
|---|
| 4532 | |
|---|
| 4533 | |
|---|
| 4534 | |
|---|
| 4535 | <ul> |
|---|
| 4536 | |
|---|
| 4537 | |
|---|
| 4538 | |
|---|
| 4539 | |
|---|
| 4540 | |
|---|
| 4541 | |
|---|
| 4542 | |
|---|
| 4543 | |
|---|
| 4544 | |
|---|
| 4545 | |
|---|
| 4546 | |
|---|
| 4547 | |
|---|
| 4548 | |
|---|
| 4549 | <p>zw(k) = |
|---|
| 4550 | ( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5</p> |
|---|
| 4551 | |
|---|
| 4552 | |
|---|
| 4553 | |
|---|
| 4554 | |
|---|
| 4555 | |
|---|
| 4556 | |
|---|
| 4557 | |
|---|
| 4558 | |
|---|
| 4559 | |
|---|
| 4560 | |
|---|
| 4561 | |
|---|
| 4562 | |
|---|
| 4563 | |
|---|
| 4564 | </ul> |
|---|
| 4565 | |
|---|
| 4566 | |
|---|
| 4567 | |
|---|
| 4568 | |
|---|
| 4569 | |
|---|
| 4570 | |
|---|
| 4571 | </td> |
|---|
| 4572 | |
|---|
| 4573 | |
|---|
| 4574 | |
|---|
| 4575 | |
|---|
| 4576 | |
|---|
| 4577 | |
|---|
| 4578 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4579 | |
|---|
| 4580 | |
|---|
| 4581 | |
|---|
| 4582 | |
|---|
| 4583 | |
|---|
| 4584 | |
|---|
| 4585 | |
|---|
| 4586 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4587 | |
|---|
| 4588 | |
|---|
| 4589 | |
|---|
| 4590 | |
|---|
| 4591 | |
|---|
| 4592 | |
|---|
| 4593 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dz_max"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span></td> |
|---|
| 4594 | |
|---|
| 4595 | |
|---|
| 4596 | |
|---|
| 4597 | |
|---|
| 4598 | |
|---|
| 4599 | |
|---|
| 4600 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4601 | |
|---|
| 4602 | |
|---|
| 4603 | |
|---|
| 4604 | |
|---|
| 4605 | |
|---|
| 4606 | |
|---|
| 4607 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td> |
|---|
| 4608 | |
|---|
| 4609 | |
|---|
| 4610 | |
|---|
| 4611 | |
|---|
| 4612 | |
|---|
| 4613 | |
|---|
| 4614 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Allowed maximum vertical grid |
|---|
| 4615 | spacing (in m).<br> |
|---|
| 4616 | |
|---|
| 4617 | |
|---|
| 4618 | |
|---|
| 4619 | |
|---|
| 4620 | |
|---|
| 4621 | |
|---|
| 4622 | <br> |
|---|
| 4623 | |
|---|
| 4624 | |
|---|
| 4625 | |
|---|
| 4626 | |
|---|
| 4627 | |
|---|
| 4628 | |
|---|
| 4629 | If the vertical grid is stretched |
|---|
| 4630 | (see <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a> |
|---|
| 4631 | and <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>), |
|---|
| 4632 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span> can |
|---|
| 4633 | be used to limit the vertical grid spacing.</td> |
|---|
| 4634 | |
|---|
| 4635 | |
|---|
| 4636 | |
|---|
| 4637 | |
|---|
| 4638 | |
|---|
| 4639 | |
|---|
| 4640 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4641 | |
|---|
| 4642 | |
|---|
| 4643 | |
|---|
| 4644 | |
|---|
| 4645 | |
|---|
| 4646 | |
|---|
| 4647 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4648 | |
|---|
| 4649 | |
|---|
| 4650 | |
|---|
| 4651 | |
|---|
| 4652 | |
|---|
| 4653 | |
|---|
| 4654 | |
|---|
| 4655 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4656 | |
|---|
| 4657 | |
|---|
| 4658 | |
|---|
| 4659 | |
|---|
| 4660 | |
|---|
| 4661 | |
|---|
| 4662 | <p><a name="dz_stretch_factor"></a><b>dz_stretch_factor</b></p> |
|---|
| 4663 | |
|---|
| 4664 | |
|---|
| 4665 | |
|---|
| 4666 | |
|---|
| 4667 | |
|---|
| 4668 | |
|---|
| 4669 | |
|---|
| 4670 | </td> |
|---|
| 4671 | |
|---|
| 4672 | |
|---|
| 4673 | |
|---|
| 4674 | |
|---|
| 4675 | |
|---|
| 4676 | |
|---|
| 4677 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4678 | |
|---|
| 4679 | |
|---|
| 4680 | |
|---|
| 4681 | |
|---|
| 4682 | |
|---|
| 4683 | |
|---|
| 4684 | |
|---|
| 4685 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.08</span></td> |
|---|
| 4686 | |
|---|
| 4687 | |
|---|
| 4688 | |
|---|
| 4689 | |
|---|
| 4690 | |
|---|
| 4691 | |
|---|
| 4692 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4693 | |
|---|
| 4694 | |
|---|
| 4695 | |
|---|
| 4696 | |
|---|
| 4697 | |
|---|
| 4698 | |
|---|
| 4699 | <p>Stretch factor for a |
|---|
| 4700 | vertically stretched grid (see <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>). |
|---|
| 4701 | </p> |
|---|
| 4702 | |
|---|
| 4703 | |
|---|
| 4704 | |
|---|
| 4705 | |
|---|
| 4706 | |
|---|
| 4707 | |
|---|
| 4708 | |
|---|
| 4709 | |
|---|
| 4710 | |
|---|
| 4711 | |
|---|
| 4712 | |
|---|
| 4713 | |
|---|
| 4714 | |
|---|
| 4715 | <p>The stretch factor should not exceed a value of |
|---|
| 4716 | approx. 1.10 - |
|---|
| 4717 | 1.12, otherwise the discretization errors due to the stretched grid not |
|---|
| 4718 | negligible any more. (refer Kalnay de Rivas)</p> |
|---|
| 4719 | |
|---|
| 4720 | |
|---|
| 4721 | |
|---|
| 4722 | |
|---|
| 4723 | |
|---|
| 4724 | |
|---|
| 4725 | </td> |
|---|
| 4726 | |
|---|
| 4727 | |
|---|
| 4728 | |
|---|
| 4729 | |
|---|
| 4730 | |
|---|
| 4731 | |
|---|
| 4732 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4733 | |
|---|
| 4734 | |
|---|
| 4735 | |
|---|
| 4736 | |
|---|
| 4737 | |
|---|
| 4738 | |
|---|
| 4739 | |
|---|
| 4740 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4741 | |
|---|
| 4742 | |
|---|
| 4743 | |
|---|
| 4744 | |
|---|
| 4745 | |
|---|
| 4746 | |
|---|
| 4747 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4748 | |
|---|
| 4749 | |
|---|
| 4750 | |
|---|
| 4751 | |
|---|
| 4752 | |
|---|
| 4753 | |
|---|
| 4754 | <p><a name="dz_stretch_level"></a><b>dz_stretch_level</b></p> |
|---|
| 4755 | |
|---|
| 4756 | |
|---|
| 4757 | |
|---|
| 4758 | |
|---|
| 4759 | |
|---|
| 4760 | |
|---|
| 4761 | |
|---|
| 4762 | </td> |
|---|
| 4763 | |
|---|
| 4764 | |
|---|
| 4765 | |
|---|
| 4766 | |
|---|
| 4767 | |
|---|
| 4768 | |
|---|
| 4769 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4770 | |
|---|
| 4771 | |
|---|
| 4772 | |
|---|
| 4773 | |
|---|
| 4774 | |
|---|
| 4775 | |
|---|
| 4776 | |
|---|
| 4777 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">100000.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 4778 | |
|---|
| 4779 | |
|---|
| 4780 | |
|---|
| 4781 | |
|---|
| 4782 | |
|---|
| 4783 | |
|---|
| 4784 | </td> |
|---|
| 4785 | |
|---|
| 4786 | |
|---|
| 4787 | |
|---|
| 4788 | |
|---|
| 4789 | |
|---|
| 4790 | |
|---|
| 4791 | |
|---|
| 4792 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 4793 | |
|---|
| 4794 | |
|---|
| 4795 | |
|---|
| 4796 | |
|---|
| 4797 | |
|---|
| 4798 | |
|---|
| 4799 | <p>Height level |
|---|
| 4800 | above/below which the grid is to be stretched |
|---|
| 4801 | vertically (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 4802 | |
|---|
| 4803 | |
|---|
| 4804 | |
|---|
| 4805 | |
|---|
| 4806 | |
|---|
| 4807 | |
|---|
| 4808 | |
|---|
| 4809 | |
|---|
| 4810 | |
|---|
| 4811 | |
|---|
| 4812 | |
|---|
| 4813 | |
|---|
| 4814 | |
|---|
| 4815 | <p>For <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a> = .F., <b>dz_stretch_level </b>is the height level (in m) <span style="font-weight: bold;">above </span>which the grid is to be stretched |
|---|
| 4816 | vertically. The vertical grid |
|---|
| 4817 | spacings <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
|---|
| 4818 | above this level are calculated as </p> |
|---|
| 4819 | |
|---|
| 4820 | |
|---|
| 4821 | |
|---|
| 4822 | |
|---|
| 4823 | |
|---|
| 4824 | |
|---|
| 4825 | |
|---|
| 4826 | |
|---|
| 4827 | |
|---|
| 4828 | |
|---|
| 4829 | |
|---|
| 4830 | |
|---|
| 4831 | |
|---|
| 4832 | <ul> |
|---|
| 4833 | |
|---|
| 4834 | |
|---|
| 4835 | |
|---|
| 4836 | |
|---|
| 4837 | |
|---|
| 4838 | |
|---|
| 4839 | |
|---|
| 4840 | |
|---|
| 4841 | |
|---|
| 4842 | |
|---|
| 4843 | |
|---|
| 4844 | |
|---|
| 4845 | |
|---|
| 4846 | <p><b>dz</b>(k+1) |
|---|
| 4847 | = <b>dz</b>(k) * <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a></p> |
|---|
| 4848 | |
|---|
| 4849 | |
|---|
| 4850 | |
|---|
| 4851 | |
|---|
| 4852 | |
|---|
| 4853 | |
|---|
| 4854 | |
|---|
| 4855 | |
|---|
| 4856 | |
|---|
| 4857 | |
|---|
| 4858 | |
|---|
| 4859 | |
|---|
| 4860 | |
|---|
| 4861 | </ul> |
|---|
| 4862 | |
|---|
| 4863 | |
|---|
| 4864 | |
|---|
| 4865 | |
|---|
| 4866 | |
|---|
| 4867 | |
|---|
| 4868 | |
|---|
| 4869 | |
|---|
| 4870 | |
|---|
| 4871 | |
|---|
| 4872 | |
|---|
| 4873 | |
|---|
| 4874 | |
|---|
| 4875 | <p>and used as spacings for the scalar levels (zu). |
|---|
| 4876 | The |
|---|
| 4877 | w-levels are then defined as: </p> |
|---|
| 4878 | |
|---|
| 4879 | |
|---|
| 4880 | |
|---|
| 4881 | |
|---|
| 4882 | |
|---|
| 4883 | |
|---|
| 4884 | |
|---|
| 4885 | |
|---|
| 4886 | |
|---|
| 4887 | |
|---|
| 4888 | |
|---|
| 4889 | |
|---|
| 4890 | |
|---|
| 4891 | <ul> |
|---|
| 4892 | |
|---|
| 4893 | |
|---|
| 4894 | |
|---|
| 4895 | |
|---|
| 4896 | |
|---|
| 4897 | |
|---|
| 4898 | |
|---|
| 4899 | |
|---|
| 4900 | |
|---|
| 4901 | |
|---|
| 4902 | |
|---|
| 4903 | |
|---|
| 4904 | |
|---|
| 4905 | <p>zw(k) |
|---|
| 4906 | = ( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5. |
|---|
| 4907 | |
|---|
| 4908 | |
|---|
| 4909 | |
|---|
| 4910 | </p> |
|---|
| 4911 | |
|---|
| 4912 | |
|---|
| 4913 | |
|---|
| 4914 | |
|---|
| 4915 | |
|---|
| 4916 | |
|---|
| 4917 | |
|---|
| 4918 | |
|---|
| 4919 | </ul> |
|---|
| 4920 | |
|---|
| 4921 | |
|---|
| 4922 | |
|---|
| 4923 | |
|---|
| 4924 | |
|---|
| 4925 | |
|---|
| 4926 | |
|---|
| 4927 | |
|---|
| 4928 | <p>For <a href="#ocean">ocean</a> = .T., <b>dz_stretch_level </b>is the height level (in m, negative) <span style="font-weight: bold;">below</span> which the grid is to be stretched |
|---|
| 4929 | vertically. The vertical grid |
|---|
| 4930 | spacings <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz">dz</a> below this level are calculated correspondingly as |
|---|
| 4931 | |
|---|
| 4932 | |
|---|
| 4933 | |
|---|
| 4934 | </p> |
|---|
| 4935 | |
|---|
| 4936 | |
|---|
| 4937 | |
|---|
| 4938 | |
|---|
| 4939 | |
|---|
| 4940 | |
|---|
| 4941 | |
|---|
| 4942 | |
|---|
| 4943 | <ul> |
|---|
| 4944 | |
|---|
| 4945 | |
|---|
| 4946 | |
|---|
| 4947 | |
|---|
| 4948 | |
|---|
| 4949 | |
|---|
| 4950 | |
|---|
| 4951 | |
|---|
| 4952 | <p><b>dz</b>(k-1) |
|---|
| 4953 | = <b>dz</b>(k) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 4954 | |
|---|
| 4955 | |
|---|
| 4956 | |
|---|
| 4957 | |
|---|
| 4958 | |
|---|
| 4959 | |
|---|
| 4960 | |
|---|
| 4961 | |
|---|
| 4962 | </ul> |
|---|
| 4963 | |
|---|
| 4964 | |
|---|
| 4965 | |
|---|
| 4966 | |
|---|
| 4967 | |
|---|
| 4968 | |
|---|
| 4969 | </td> |
|---|
| 4970 | |
|---|
| 4971 | |
|---|
| 4972 | |
|---|
| 4973 | |
|---|
| 4974 | |
|---|
| 4975 | |
|---|
| 4976 | </tr> |
|---|
| 4977 | |
|---|
| 4978 | |
|---|
| 4979 | |
|---|
| 4980 | |
|---|
| 4981 | |
|---|
| 4982 | |
|---|
| 4983 | |
|---|
| 4984 | <tr> |
|---|
| 4985 | |
|---|
| 4986 | |
|---|
| 4987 | |
|---|
| 4988 | |
|---|
| 4989 | |
|---|
| 4990 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="e_init"></a>e_init</span></td> |
|---|
| 4991 | |
|---|
| 4992 | |
|---|
| 4993 | |
|---|
| 4994 | |
|---|
| 4995 | |
|---|
| 4996 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 4997 | |
|---|
| 4998 | |
|---|
| 4999 | |
|---|
| 5000 | |
|---|
| 5001 | |
|---|
| 5002 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 5003 | |
|---|
| 5004 | |
|---|
| 5005 | |
|---|
| 5006 | |
|---|
| 5007 | |
|---|
| 5008 | <td>Initial subgrid-scale TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.<br> |
|---|
| 5009 | |
|---|
| 5010 | |
|---|
| 5011 | |
|---|
| 5012 | |
|---|
| 5013 | |
|---|
| 5014 | |
|---|
| 5015 | |
|---|
| 5016 | <br> |
|---|
| 5017 | |
|---|
| 5018 | |
|---|
| 5019 | |
|---|
| 5020 | |
|---|
| 5021 | |
|---|
| 5022 | |
|---|
| 5023 | This |
|---|
| 5024 | option prescribes an initial subgrid-scale TKE from which the initial diffusion coefficients K<sub>m</sub> and K<sub>h</sub> will be calculated if <span style="font-weight: bold;">e_init</span> is positive. This option only has an effect if <a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a> is not set.</td> |
|---|
| 5025 | |
|---|
| 5026 | |
|---|
| 5027 | |
|---|
| 5028 | |
|---|
| 5029 | |
|---|
| 5030 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5031 | |
|---|
| 5032 | |
|---|
| 5033 | |
|---|
| 5034 | |
|---|
| 5035 | |
|---|
| 5036 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5037 | |
|---|
| 5038 | |
|---|
| 5039 | |
|---|
| 5040 | |
|---|
| 5041 | |
|---|
| 5042 | |
|---|
| 5043 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="e_min"></a>e_min</span></td> |
|---|
| 5044 | |
|---|
| 5045 | |
|---|
| 5046 | |
|---|
| 5047 | |
|---|
| 5048 | |
|---|
| 5049 | |
|---|
| 5050 | |
|---|
| 5051 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 5052 | |
|---|
| 5053 | |
|---|
| 5054 | |
|---|
| 5055 | |
|---|
| 5056 | |
|---|
| 5057 | |
|---|
| 5058 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 5059 | |
|---|
| 5060 | |
|---|
| 5061 | |
|---|
| 5062 | |
|---|
| 5063 | |
|---|
| 5064 | |
|---|
| 5065 | <td>Minimum |
|---|
| 5066 | subgrid-scale TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.<br> |
|---|
| 5067 | |
|---|
| 5068 | |
|---|
| 5069 | |
|---|
| 5070 | |
|---|
| 5071 | |
|---|
| 5072 | |
|---|
| 5073 | |
|---|
| 5074 | <br> |
|---|
| 5075 | |
|---|
| 5076 | |
|---|
| 5077 | |
|---|
| 5078 | |
|---|
| 5079 | |
|---|
| 5080 | |
|---|
| 5081 | This |
|---|
| 5082 | option adds artificial viscosity to the flow by ensuring that |
|---|
| 5083 | the |
|---|
| 5084 | subgrid-scale TKE does not fall below the minimum threshold <span style="font-weight: bold;">e_min</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 5085 | |
|---|
| 5086 | |
|---|
| 5087 | |
|---|
| 5088 | |
|---|
| 5089 | |
|---|
| 5090 | |
|---|
| 5091 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5092 | |
|---|
| 5093 | |
|---|
| 5094 | |
|---|
| 5095 | |
|---|
| 5096 | |
|---|
| 5097 | |
|---|
| 5098 | |
|---|
| 5099 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5100 | |
|---|
| 5101 | |
|---|
| 5102 | |
|---|
| 5103 | |
|---|
| 5104 | |
|---|
| 5105 | |
|---|
| 5106 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5107 | |
|---|
| 5108 | |
|---|
| 5109 | |
|---|
| 5110 | |
|---|
| 5111 | |
|---|
| 5112 | |
|---|
| 5113 | <p><a name="end_time_1d"></a><b>end_time_1d</b></p> |
|---|
| 5114 | |
|---|
| 5115 | |
|---|
| 5116 | |
|---|
| 5117 | |
|---|
| 5118 | |
|---|
| 5119 | |
|---|
| 5120 | |
|---|
| 5121 | </td> |
|---|
| 5122 | |
|---|
| 5123 | |
|---|
| 5124 | |
|---|
| 5125 | |
|---|
| 5126 | |
|---|
| 5127 | |
|---|
| 5128 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 5129 | |
|---|
| 5130 | |
|---|
| 5131 | |
|---|
| 5132 | |
|---|
| 5133 | |
|---|
| 5134 | |
|---|
| 5135 | |
|---|
| 5136 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">864000.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 5137 | |
|---|
| 5138 | |
|---|
| 5139 | |
|---|
| 5140 | |
|---|
| 5141 | |
|---|
| 5142 | |
|---|
| 5143 | </td> |
|---|
| 5144 | |
|---|
| 5145 | |
|---|
| 5146 | |
|---|
| 5147 | |
|---|
| 5148 | |
|---|
| 5149 | |
|---|
| 5150 | |
|---|
| 5151 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5152 | |
|---|
| 5153 | |
|---|
| 5154 | |
|---|
| 5155 | |
|---|
| 5156 | |
|---|
| 5157 | |
|---|
| 5158 | <p>Time to be |
|---|
| 5159 | simulated for the 1d-model (in s). </p> |
|---|
| 5160 | |
|---|
| 5161 | |
|---|
| 5162 | |
|---|
| 5163 | |
|---|
| 5164 | |
|---|
| 5165 | |
|---|
| 5166 | |
|---|
| 5167 | |
|---|
| 5168 | |
|---|
| 5169 | |
|---|
| 5170 | |
|---|
| 5171 | |
|---|
| 5172 | |
|---|
| 5173 | <p>The |
|---|
| 5174 | default value corresponds to a simulated time of 10 days. |
|---|
| 5175 | Usually, after such a period the inertia oscillations have completely |
|---|
| 5176 | decayed and the solution of the 1d-model can be regarded as stationary |
|---|
| 5177 | (see <a href="#damp_level_1d">damp_level_1d</a>). |
|---|
| 5178 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model is switched on for the |
|---|
| 5179 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 5180 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
|---|
| 5181 | |
|---|
| 5182 | |
|---|
| 5183 | |
|---|
| 5184 | |
|---|
| 5185 | |
|---|
| 5186 | |
|---|
| 5187 | |
|---|
| 5188 | </td> |
|---|
| 5189 | |
|---|
| 5190 | |
|---|
| 5191 | |
|---|
| 5192 | |
|---|
| 5193 | |
|---|
| 5194 | |
|---|
| 5195 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5196 | |
|---|
| 5197 | |
|---|
| 5198 | |
|---|
| 5199 | |
|---|
| 5200 | |
|---|
| 5201 | |
|---|
| 5202 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5203 | |
|---|
| 5204 | |
|---|
| 5205 | |
|---|
| 5206 | |
|---|
| 5207 | |
|---|
| 5208 | |
|---|
| 5209 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5210 | |
|---|
| 5211 | |
|---|
| 5212 | |
|---|
| 5213 | |
|---|
| 5214 | |
|---|
| 5215 | |
|---|
| 5216 | <p><a name="fft_method"></a><b>fft_method</b></p> |
|---|
| 5217 | |
|---|
| 5218 | |
|---|
| 5219 | |
|---|
| 5220 | |
|---|
| 5221 | |
|---|
| 5222 | |
|---|
| 5223 | |
|---|
| 5224 | </td> |
|---|
| 5225 | |
|---|
| 5226 | |
|---|
| 5227 | |
|---|
| 5228 | |
|---|
| 5229 | |
|---|
| 5230 | |
|---|
| 5231 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 5232 | |
|---|
| 5233 | |
|---|
| 5234 | |
|---|
| 5235 | |
|---|
| 5236 | |
|---|
| 5237 | |
|---|
| 5238 | |
|---|
| 5239 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'system-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 5240 | |
|---|
| 5241 | |
|---|
| 5242 | |
|---|
| 5243 | |
|---|
| 5244 | |
|---|
| 5245 | |
|---|
| 5246 | <span style="font-style: italic;">specific'</span></td> |
|---|
| 5247 | |
|---|
| 5248 | |
|---|
| 5249 | |
|---|
| 5250 | |
|---|
| 5251 | |
|---|
| 5252 | |
|---|
| 5253 | |
|---|
| 5254 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5255 | |
|---|
| 5256 | |
|---|
| 5257 | |
|---|
| 5258 | |
|---|
| 5259 | |
|---|
| 5260 | |
|---|
| 5261 | <p>FFT-method to |
|---|
| 5262 | be used.<br> |
|---|
| 5263 | |
|---|
| 5264 | |
|---|
| 5265 | |
|---|
| 5266 | |
|---|
| 5267 | |
|---|
| 5268 | |
|---|
| 5269 | </p> |
|---|
| 5270 | |
|---|
| 5271 | |
|---|
| 5272 | |
|---|
| 5273 | |
|---|
| 5274 | |
|---|
| 5275 | |
|---|
| 5276 | |
|---|
| 5277 | |
|---|
| 5278 | |
|---|
| 5279 | |
|---|
| 5280 | |
|---|
| 5281 | |
|---|
| 5282 | |
|---|
| 5283 | <p><br> |
|---|
| 5284 | |
|---|
| 5285 | |
|---|
| 5286 | |
|---|
| 5287 | |
|---|
| 5288 | |
|---|
| 5289 | |
|---|
| 5290 | |
|---|
| 5291 | The fast fourier transformation (FFT) is used for solving the |
|---|
| 5292 | perturbation pressure equation with a direct method (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
|---|
| 5293 | and for calculating power spectra (see optional software packages, |
|---|
| 5294 | section <a href="chapter_4.2.html#spectra_package">4.2</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 5295 | |
|---|
| 5296 | |
|---|
| 5297 | |
|---|
| 5298 | |
|---|
| 5299 | |
|---|
| 5300 | |
|---|
| 5301 | |
|---|
| 5302 | |
|---|
| 5303 | |
|---|
| 5304 | |
|---|
| 5305 | |
|---|
| 5306 | |
|---|
| 5307 | |
|---|
| 5308 | <p><br> |
|---|
| 5309 | |
|---|
| 5310 | |
|---|
| 5311 | |
|---|
| 5312 | |
|---|
| 5313 | |
|---|
| 5314 | |
|---|
| 5315 | |
|---|
| 5316 | By default, system-specific, optimized routines from external |
|---|
| 5317 | vendor libraries are used. However, these are available only on certain |
|---|
| 5318 | computers and there are more or less severe restrictions concerning the |
|---|
| 5319 | number of gridpoints to be used with them.<br> |
|---|
| 5320 | |
|---|
| 5321 | |
|---|
| 5322 | |
|---|
| 5323 | |
|---|
| 5324 | |
|---|
| 5325 | |
|---|
| 5326 | </p> |
|---|
| 5327 | |
|---|
| 5328 | |
|---|
| 5329 | |
|---|
| 5330 | |
|---|
| 5331 | |
|---|
| 5332 | |
|---|
| 5333 | |
|---|
| 5334 | |
|---|
| 5335 | |
|---|
| 5336 | |
|---|
| 5337 | |
|---|
| 5338 | |
|---|
| 5339 | |
|---|
| 5340 | <p>There |
|---|
| 5341 | are two other PALM internal methods available on every |
|---|
| 5342 | machine (their respective source code is part of the PALM source code):</p> |
|---|
| 5343 | |
|---|
| 5344 | |
|---|
| 5345 | |
|---|
| 5346 | |
|---|
| 5347 | |
|---|
| 5348 | |
|---|
| 5349 | |
|---|
| 5350 | |
|---|
| 5351 | |
|---|
| 5352 | |
|---|
| 5353 | |
|---|
| 5354 | |
|---|
| 5355 | |
|---|
| 5356 | <p>1.: The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Temperton</span>-method |
|---|
| 5357 | from Clive Temperton (ECWMF) which is computationally very fast and |
|---|
| 5358 | switched on with <b>fft_method</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'temperton-algorithm'</span>. |
|---|
| 5359 | The number of horizontal gridpoints (nx+1, ny+1) to be used with this |
|---|
| 5360 | method must be composed of prime factors 2, 3 and 5.<br> |
|---|
| 5361 | |
|---|
| 5362 | |
|---|
| 5363 | |
|---|
| 5364 | |
|---|
| 5365 | |
|---|
| 5366 | |
|---|
| 5367 | </p> |
|---|
| 5368 | |
|---|
| 5369 | |
|---|
| 5370 | |
|---|
| 5371 | |
|---|
| 5372 | |
|---|
| 5373 | |
|---|
| 5374 | |
|---|
| 5375 | 2.: The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Singleton</span>-method |
|---|
| 5376 | which is very slow but has no restrictions concerning the number of |
|---|
| 5377 | gridpoints to be used with, switched on with <b>fft_method</b> |
|---|
| 5378 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'singleton-algorithm'</span>. |
|---|
| 5379 | </td> |
|---|
| 5380 | |
|---|
| 5381 | |
|---|
| 5382 | |
|---|
| 5383 | |
|---|
| 5384 | |
|---|
| 5385 | |
|---|
| 5386 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5387 | |
|---|
| 5388 | |
|---|
| 5389 | |
|---|
| 5390 | |
|---|
| 5391 | |
|---|
| 5392 | |
|---|
| 5393 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5394 | |
|---|
| 5395 | |
|---|
| 5396 | |
|---|
| 5397 | |
|---|
| 5398 | |
|---|
| 5399 | |
|---|
| 5400 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5401 | |
|---|
| 5402 | |
|---|
| 5403 | |
|---|
| 5404 | |
|---|
| 5405 | |
|---|
| 5406 | |
|---|
| 5407 | <p><a name="galilei_transformation"></a><b>galilei_transformation</b></p> |
|---|
| 5408 | |
|---|
| 5409 | |
|---|
| 5410 | |
|---|
| 5411 | |
|---|
| 5412 | |
|---|
| 5413 | |
|---|
| 5414 | |
|---|
| 5415 | </td> |
|---|
| 5416 | |
|---|
| 5417 | |
|---|
| 5418 | |
|---|
| 5419 | |
|---|
| 5420 | |
|---|
| 5421 | |
|---|
| 5422 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 5423 | |
|---|
| 5424 | |
|---|
| 5425 | |
|---|
| 5426 | |
|---|
| 5427 | |
|---|
| 5428 | |
|---|
| 5429 | |
|---|
| 5430 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
|---|
| 5431 | |
|---|
| 5432 | |
|---|
| 5433 | |
|---|
| 5434 | |
|---|
| 5435 | |
|---|
| 5436 | |
|---|
| 5437 | |
|---|
| 5438 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Application of a |
|---|
| 5439 | Galilei-transformation to the |
|---|
| 5440 | coordinate |
|---|
| 5441 | system of the model.<br> |
|---|
| 5442 | |
|---|
| 5443 | |
|---|
| 5444 | |
|---|
| 5445 | |
|---|
| 5446 | |
|---|
| 5447 | |
|---|
| 5448 | |
|---|
| 5449 | |
|---|
| 5450 | |
|---|
| 5451 | |
|---|
| 5452 | |
|---|
| 5453 | |
|---|
| 5454 | <p>With <b>galilei_transformation</b> |
|---|
| 5455 | = <i>.T.,</i> a so-called |
|---|
| 5456 | Galilei-transformation is switched on which ensures that the coordinate |
|---|
| 5457 | system of the model is moved along with the geostrophical wind. |
|---|
| 5458 | Alternatively, the model domain can be moved along with the averaged |
|---|
| 5459 | horizontal wind (see <a href="#use_ug_for_galilei_tr">use_ug_for_galilei_tr</a>, |
|---|
| 5460 | this can and will naturally change in time). With this method, |
|---|
| 5461 | numerical inaccuracies of the Piascek - Williams - scheme (concerns in |
|---|
| 5462 | particular the momentum advection) are minimized. Beyond that, in the |
|---|
| 5463 | majority of cases the lower relative velocities in the moved system |
|---|
| 5464 | permit a larger time step (<a href="#dt">dt</a>). |
|---|
| 5465 | Switching the transformation on is only worthwhile if the geostrophical |
|---|
| 5466 | wind (ug, vg) |
|---|
| 5467 | and the averaged horizontal wind clearly deviate from the value 0. In |
|---|
| 5468 | each case, the distance the coordinate system has been moved is written |
|---|
| 5469 | to the file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>. |
|---|
| 5470 | </p> |
|---|
| 5471 | |
|---|
| 5472 | |
|---|
| 5473 | |
|---|
| 5474 | |
|---|
| 5475 | |
|---|
| 5476 | |
|---|
| 5477 | |
|---|
| 5478 | |
|---|
| 5479 | |
|---|
| 5480 | |
|---|
| 5481 | |
|---|
| 5482 | |
|---|
| 5483 | |
|---|
| 5484 | <p>Non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 5485 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), the specification |
|---|
| 5486 | of a gestrophic |
|---|
| 5487 | wind that is not constant with height |
|---|
| 5488 | as well as e.g. stationary inhomogeneities at the bottom boundary do |
|---|
| 5489 | not allow the use of this transformation.</p> |
|---|
| 5490 | |
|---|
| 5491 | |
|---|
| 5492 | |
|---|
| 5493 | |
|---|
| 5494 | |
|---|
| 5495 | |
|---|
| 5496 | </td> |
|---|
| 5497 | |
|---|
| 5498 | |
|---|
| 5499 | |
|---|
| 5500 | |
|---|
| 5501 | |
|---|
| 5502 | |
|---|
| 5503 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5504 | |
|---|
| 5505 | |
|---|
| 5506 | |
|---|
| 5507 | |
|---|
| 5508 | |
|---|
| 5509 | |
|---|
| 5510 | |
|---|
| 5511 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5512 | |
|---|
| 5513 | |
|---|
| 5514 | |
|---|
| 5515 | |
|---|
| 5516 | |
|---|
| 5517 | |
|---|
| 5518 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5519 | |
|---|
| 5520 | |
|---|
| 5521 | |
|---|
| 5522 | |
|---|
| 5523 | |
|---|
| 5524 | |
|---|
| 5525 | <p><a name="grid_matching"></a><b>grid_matching</b></p> |
|---|
| 5526 | |
|---|
| 5527 | |
|---|
| 5528 | |
|---|
| 5529 | |
|---|
| 5530 | |
|---|
| 5531 | |
|---|
| 5532 | |
|---|
| 5533 | </td> |
|---|
| 5534 | |
|---|
| 5535 | |
|---|
| 5536 | |
|---|
| 5537 | |
|---|
| 5538 | |
|---|
| 5539 | |
|---|
| 5540 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 6</td> |
|---|
| 5541 | |
|---|
| 5542 | |
|---|
| 5543 | |
|---|
| 5544 | |
|---|
| 5545 | |
|---|
| 5546 | |
|---|
| 5547 | |
|---|
| 5548 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'match'</span></td> |
|---|
| 5549 | |
|---|
| 5550 | |
|---|
| 5551 | |
|---|
| 5552 | |
|---|
| 5553 | |
|---|
| 5554 | |
|---|
| 5555 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variable to adjust the |
|---|
| 5556 | subdomain |
|---|
| 5557 | sizes in parallel runs.<br> |
|---|
| 5558 | |
|---|
| 5559 | |
|---|
| 5560 | |
|---|
| 5561 | |
|---|
| 5562 | |
|---|
| 5563 | |
|---|
| 5564 | <br> |
|---|
| 5565 | |
|---|
| 5566 | |
|---|
| 5567 | |
|---|
| 5568 | |
|---|
| 5569 | |
|---|
| 5570 | |
|---|
| 5571 | |
|---|
| 5572 | For <b>grid_matching</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
|---|
| 5573 | the subdomains are forced to have an identical |
|---|
| 5574 | size on all processors. In this case the processor numbers in the |
|---|
| 5575 | respective directions of the virtual processor net must fulfill certain |
|---|
| 5576 | divisor conditions concerning the grid point numbers in the three |
|---|
| 5577 | directions (see <a href="#nx">nx</a>, <a href="#ny">ny</a> |
|---|
| 5578 | and <a href="#nz">nz</a>). |
|---|
| 5579 | Advantage of this method is that all PEs bear the same computational |
|---|
| 5580 | load.<br> |
|---|
| 5581 | |
|---|
| 5582 | |
|---|
| 5583 | |
|---|
| 5584 | |
|---|
| 5585 | |
|---|
| 5586 | |
|---|
| 5587 | <br> |
|---|
| 5588 | |
|---|
| 5589 | |
|---|
| 5590 | |
|---|
| 5591 | |
|---|
| 5592 | |
|---|
| 5593 | |
|---|
| 5594 | |
|---|
| 5595 | There is no such restriction by default, because then smaller |
|---|
| 5596 | subdomains are allowed on those processors which |
|---|
| 5597 | form the right and/or north boundary of the virtual processor grid. On |
|---|
| 5598 | all other processors the subdomains are of same size. Whether smaller |
|---|
| 5599 | subdomains are actually used, depends on the number of processors and |
|---|
| 5600 | the grid point numbers used. Information about the respective settings |
|---|
| 5601 | are given in file <a href="file:///home/raasch/public_html/PALM_group/home/raasch/public_html/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 5602 | |
|---|
| 5603 | |
|---|
| 5604 | |
|---|
| 5605 | |
|---|
| 5606 | |
|---|
| 5607 | |
|---|
| 5608 | |
|---|
| 5609 | <br> |
|---|
| 5610 | |
|---|
| 5611 | |
|---|
| 5612 | |
|---|
| 5613 | |
|---|
| 5614 | |
|---|
| 5615 | |
|---|
| 5616 | |
|---|
| 5617 | When using a multi-grid method for solving the Poisson equation (see <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
|---|
| 5618 | only <b>grid_matching</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span> |
|---|
| 5619 | is allowed.<br> |
|---|
| 5620 | |
|---|
| 5621 | |
|---|
| 5622 | |
|---|
| 5623 | |
|---|
| 5624 | |
|---|
| 5625 | |
|---|
| 5626 | <br> |
|---|
| 5627 | |
|---|
| 5628 | |
|---|
| 5629 | |
|---|
| 5630 | |
|---|
| 5631 | |
|---|
| 5632 | |
|---|
| 5633 | <b>Note:</b><br> |
|---|
| 5634 | |
|---|
| 5635 | |
|---|
| 5636 | |
|---|
| 5637 | |
|---|
| 5638 | |
|---|
| 5639 | |
|---|
| 5640 | |
|---|
| 5641 | In some cases for small processor numbers there may be a very bad load |
|---|
| 5642 | balancing among the |
|---|
| 5643 | processors which may reduce the performance of the code.</td> |
|---|
| 5644 | |
|---|
| 5645 | |
|---|
| 5646 | |
|---|
| 5647 | |
|---|
| 5648 | |
|---|
| 5649 | |
|---|
| 5650 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5651 | |
|---|
| 5652 | |
|---|
| 5653 | |
|---|
| 5654 | |
|---|
| 5655 | |
|---|
| 5656 | |
|---|
| 5657 | |
|---|
| 5658 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="humidity"></a><b>humidity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 5659 | switch on the prognostic equation for specific |
|---|
| 5660 | humidity q.<br> |
|---|
| 5661 | |
|---|
| 5662 | |
|---|
| 5663 | |
|---|
| 5664 | |
|---|
| 5665 | |
|---|
| 5666 | |
|---|
| 5667 | </p> |
|---|
| 5668 | |
|---|
| 5669 | |
|---|
| 5670 | |
|---|
| 5671 | |
|---|
| 5672 | |
|---|
| 5673 | |
|---|
| 5674 | |
|---|
| 5675 | |
|---|
| 5676 | |
|---|
| 5677 | |
|---|
| 5678 | |
|---|
| 5679 | |
|---|
| 5680 | |
|---|
| 5681 | <p>The initial vertical |
|---|
| 5682 | profile of q can be set via parameters <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_surface">q_surface</a>, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 5683 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 5684 | Boundary conditions can be set via <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a> |
|---|
| 5685 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 5686 | |
|---|
| 5687 | |
|---|
| 5688 | |
|---|
| 5689 | |
|---|
| 5690 | |
|---|
| 5691 | |
|---|
| 5692 | |
|---|
| 5693 | </p> |
|---|
| 5694 | |
|---|
| 5695 | |
|---|
| 5696 | |
|---|
| 5697 | |
|---|
| 5698 | |
|---|
| 5699 | |
|---|
| 5700 | |
|---|
| 5701 | If the condensation scheme is switched on (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a> |
|---|
| 5702 | = .TRUE.), q becomes the total liquid water content (sum of specific |
|---|
| 5703 | humidity and liquid water content).</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="inflow_damping_height"></a>inflow_damping_height</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">from precursor run</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Height below which the turbulence signal is used for turbulence recycling (in m).<br><br>In case of a turbulent inflow (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#turbulent_inflow">turbulent_inflow</a>), |
|---|
| 5704 | this parameter defines the vertical thickness of the turbulent layer up |
|---|
| 5705 | to which the turbulence extracted at the recycling plane (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#recycling_width">recycling_width</a>) |
|---|
| 5706 | shall be imposed to the inflow. Above this level the turbulence signal |
|---|
| 5707 | is linearly damped to zero. The transition range within which the |
|---|
| 5708 | signal falls to zero is given by the parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_width">inflow_damping_width</a>.<br><br>By default, this height is set as the height of the convective boundary layer as calculated from a precursor run. See <a href="chapter_3.9.html">chapter 3.9</a> about proper settings for getting this CBL height from a precursor run. </td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="inflow_damping_width"></a>inflow_damping_width</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.1 * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_height">inflow_damping</a></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_height"><br style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">_height</span></a></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Transition range within which the turbulance signal is damped to zero (in m).<br><br>See <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_height">inflow_damping_height</a> for explanation.</td></tr><tr> |
|---|
| 5709 | |
|---|
| 5710 | |
|---|
| 5711 | |
|---|
| 5712 | |
|---|
| 5713 | |
|---|
| 5714 | |
|---|
| 5715 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_begin"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br> |
|---|
| 5716 | |
|---|
| 5717 | |
|---|
| 5718 | |
|---|
| 5719 | |
|---|
| 5720 | |
|---|
| 5721 | |
|---|
| 5722 | |
|---|
| 5723 | begin</b></td> |
|---|
| 5724 | |
|---|
| 5725 | |
|---|
| 5726 | |
|---|
| 5727 | |
|---|
| 5728 | |
|---|
| 5729 | |
|---|
| 5730 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 5731 | |
|---|
| 5732 | |
|---|
| 5733 | |
|---|
| 5734 | |
|---|
| 5735 | |
|---|
| 5736 | |
|---|
| 5737 | |
|---|
| 5738 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(10,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 5739 | |
|---|
| 5740 | |
|---|
| 5741 | |
|---|
| 5742 | |
|---|
| 5743 | |
|---|
| 5744 | |
|---|
| 5745 | <span style="font-style: italic;">nx/2 or ny/2)</span></td> |
|---|
| 5746 | |
|---|
| 5747 | |
|---|
| 5748 | |
|---|
| 5749 | |
|---|
| 5750 | |
|---|
| 5751 | |
|---|
| 5752 | |
|---|
| 5753 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Lower |
|---|
| 5754 | limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are to be |
|---|
| 5755 | imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br> |
|---|
| 5756 | |
|---|
| 5757 | |
|---|
| 5758 | |
|---|
| 5759 | |
|---|
| 5760 | |
|---|
| 5761 | |
|---|
| 5762 | <br> |
|---|
| 5763 | |
|---|
| 5764 | |
|---|
| 5765 | |
|---|
| 5766 | |
|---|
| 5767 | |
|---|
| 5768 | |
|---|
| 5769 | |
|---|
| 5770 | If non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions are used (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 5771 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
|---|
| 5772 | this parameter gives the gridpoint number (counted horizontally from |
|---|
| 5773 | the inflow) from which on perturbations are imposed on the |
|---|
| 5774 | horizontal velocity field. Perturbations must be switched on with |
|---|
| 5775 | parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 5776 | |
|---|
| 5777 | |
|---|
| 5778 | |
|---|
| 5779 | |
|---|
| 5780 | |
|---|
| 5781 | |
|---|
| 5782 | |
|---|
| 5783 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5784 | |
|---|
| 5785 | |
|---|
| 5786 | |
|---|
| 5787 | |
|---|
| 5788 | |
|---|
| 5789 | |
|---|
| 5790 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5791 | |
|---|
| 5792 | |
|---|
| 5793 | |
|---|
| 5794 | |
|---|
| 5795 | |
|---|
| 5796 | |
|---|
| 5797 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_end"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br> |
|---|
| 5798 | |
|---|
| 5799 | |
|---|
| 5800 | |
|---|
| 5801 | |
|---|
| 5802 | |
|---|
| 5803 | |
|---|
| 5804 | |
|---|
| 5805 | end</b></td> |
|---|
| 5806 | |
|---|
| 5807 | |
|---|
| 5808 | |
|---|
| 5809 | |
|---|
| 5810 | |
|---|
| 5811 | |
|---|
| 5812 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 5813 | |
|---|
| 5814 | |
|---|
| 5815 | |
|---|
| 5816 | |
|---|
| 5817 | |
|---|
| 5818 | |
|---|
| 5819 | |
|---|
| 5820 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(100,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 5821 | |
|---|
| 5822 | |
|---|
| 5823 | |
|---|
| 5824 | |
|---|
| 5825 | |
|---|
| 5826 | |
|---|
| 5827 | <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*nx or</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 5828 | |
|---|
| 5829 | |
|---|
| 5830 | |
|---|
| 5831 | |
|---|
| 5832 | |
|---|
| 5833 | |
|---|
| 5834 | <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*ny)</span></td> |
|---|
| 5835 | |
|---|
| 5836 | |
|---|
| 5837 | |
|---|
| 5838 | |
|---|
| 5839 | |
|---|
| 5840 | |
|---|
| 5841 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Upper |
|---|
| 5842 | limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are |
|---|
| 5843 | to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br> |
|---|
| 5844 | |
|---|
| 5845 | |
|---|
| 5846 | |
|---|
| 5847 | |
|---|
| 5848 | |
|---|
| 5849 | |
|---|
| 5850 | <br> |
|---|
| 5851 | |
|---|
| 5852 | |
|---|
| 5853 | |
|---|
| 5854 | |
|---|
| 5855 | |
|---|
| 5856 | |
|---|
| 5857 | |
|---|
| 5858 | If non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions are used (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 5859 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
|---|
| 5860 | this parameter gives the gridpoint number (counted horizontally from |
|---|
| 5861 | the inflow) unto which perturbations are imposed on the |
|---|
| 5862 | horizontal |
|---|
| 5863 | velocity field. Perturbations must be switched on with parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 5864 | |
|---|
| 5865 | |
|---|
| 5866 | |
|---|
| 5867 | |
|---|
| 5868 | |
|---|
| 5869 | |
|---|
| 5870 | |
|---|
| 5871 | </tr> |
|---|
| 5872 | |
|---|
| 5873 | |
|---|
| 5874 | |
|---|
| 5875 | |
|---|
| 5876 | |
|---|
| 5877 | |
|---|
| 5878 | <tr> |
|---|
| 5879 | |
|---|
| 5880 | |
|---|
| 5881 | |
|---|
| 5882 | |
|---|
| 5883 | |
|---|
| 5884 | |
|---|
| 5885 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5886 | |
|---|
| 5887 | |
|---|
| 5888 | |
|---|
| 5889 | |
|---|
| 5890 | |
|---|
| 5891 | |
|---|
| 5892 | <p><a name="initializing_actions"></a><b>initializing_actions</b></p> |
|---|
| 5893 | |
|---|
| 5894 | |
|---|
| 5895 | |
|---|
| 5896 | |
|---|
| 5897 | |
|---|
| 5898 | |
|---|
| 5899 | |
|---|
| 5900 | </td> |
|---|
| 5901 | |
|---|
| 5902 | |
|---|
| 5903 | |
|---|
| 5904 | |
|---|
| 5905 | |
|---|
| 5906 | |
|---|
| 5907 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 100</td> |
|---|
| 5908 | |
|---|
| 5909 | |
|---|
| 5910 | |
|---|
| 5911 | |
|---|
| 5912 | |
|---|
| 5913 | |
|---|
| 5914 | |
|---|
| 5915 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 5916 | |
|---|
| 5917 | |
|---|
| 5918 | |
|---|
| 5919 | |
|---|
| 5920 | |
|---|
| 5921 | |
|---|
| 5922 | </td> |
|---|
| 5923 | |
|---|
| 5924 | |
|---|
| 5925 | |
|---|
| 5926 | |
|---|
| 5927 | |
|---|
| 5928 | |
|---|
| 5929 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 5930 | |
|---|
| 5931 | |
|---|
| 5932 | |
|---|
| 5933 | |
|---|
| 5934 | |
|---|
| 5935 | |
|---|
| 5936 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Initialization actions |
|---|
| 5937 | to be carried out. </p> |
|---|
| 5938 | |
|---|
| 5939 | |
|---|
| 5940 | |
|---|
| 5941 | |
|---|
| 5942 | |
|---|
| 5943 | |
|---|
| 5944 | |
|---|
| 5945 | |
|---|
| 5946 | |
|---|
| 5947 | |
|---|
| 5948 | |
|---|
| 5949 | |
|---|
| 5950 | |
|---|
| 5951 | <p style="font-style: normal;">This parameter does not have a |
|---|
| 5952 | default value and therefore must be assigned with each model run. For |
|---|
| 5953 | restart runs <b>initializing_actions</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'read_restart_data'</span> |
|---|
| 5954 | must be set. For the initial run of a job chain the following values |
|---|
| 5955 | are allowed: </p> |
|---|
| 5956 | |
|---|
| 5957 | |
|---|
| 5958 | |
|---|
| 5959 | |
|---|
| 5960 | |
|---|
| 5961 | |
|---|
| 5962 | |
|---|
| 5963 | |
|---|
| 5964 | |
|---|
| 5965 | |
|---|
| 5966 | |
|---|
| 5967 | |
|---|
| 5968 | |
|---|
| 5969 | <p style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span> |
|---|
| 5970 | </p> |
|---|
| 5971 | |
|---|
| 5972 | |
|---|
| 5973 | |
|---|
| 5974 | |
|---|
| 5975 | |
|---|
| 5976 | |
|---|
| 5977 | |
|---|
| 5978 | |
|---|
| 5979 | |
|---|
| 5980 | |
|---|
| 5981 | |
|---|
| 5982 | |
|---|
| 5983 | |
|---|
| 5984 | <ul> |
|---|
| 5985 | |
|---|
| 5986 | |
|---|
| 5987 | |
|---|
| 5988 | |
|---|
| 5989 | |
|---|
| 5990 | |
|---|
| 5991 | |
|---|
| 5992 | |
|---|
| 5993 | |
|---|
| 5994 | |
|---|
| 5995 | |
|---|
| 5996 | |
|---|
| 5997 | |
|---|
| 5998 | <p>A horizontal wind profile consisting |
|---|
| 5999 | of linear sections (see <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 6000 | <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>, |
|---|
| 6001 | <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 6002 | and <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>, <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a>, |
|---|
| 6003 | <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>, |
|---|
| 6004 | respectively) as well as a vertical temperature (humidity) profile |
|---|
| 6005 | consisting of |
|---|
| 6006 | linear sections (see <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 6007 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>, |
|---|
| 6008 | <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a> |
|---|
| 6009 | and <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>) |
|---|
| 6010 | are assumed as initial profiles. The subgrid-scale TKE is set to 0 but K<sub>m</sub> |
|---|
| 6011 | and K<sub>h</sub> are set to very small values because |
|---|
| 6012 | otherwise no TKE |
|---|
| 6013 | would be generated.</p> |
|---|
| 6014 | |
|---|
| 6015 | |
|---|
| 6016 | |
|---|
| 6017 | |
|---|
| 6018 | |
|---|
| 6019 | |
|---|
| 6020 | |
|---|
| 6021 | |
|---|
| 6022 | |
|---|
| 6023 | |
|---|
| 6024 | |
|---|
| 6025 | |
|---|
| 6026 | |
|---|
| 6027 | </ul> |
|---|
| 6028 | |
|---|
| 6029 | |
|---|
| 6030 | |
|---|
| 6031 | |
|---|
| 6032 | |
|---|
| 6033 | |
|---|
| 6034 | |
|---|
| 6035 | |
|---|
| 6036 | |
|---|
| 6037 | |
|---|
| 6038 | |
|---|
| 6039 | |
|---|
| 6040 | |
|---|
| 6041 | <p style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles' </p> |
|---|
| 6042 | |
|---|
| 6043 | |
|---|
| 6044 | |
|---|
| 6045 | |
|---|
| 6046 | |
|---|
| 6047 | |
|---|
| 6048 | |
|---|
| 6049 | |
|---|
| 6050 | |
|---|
| 6051 | |
|---|
| 6052 | |
|---|
| 6053 | |
|---|
| 6054 | |
|---|
| 6055 | <ul> |
|---|
| 6056 | |
|---|
| 6057 | |
|---|
| 6058 | |
|---|
| 6059 | |
|---|
| 6060 | |
|---|
| 6061 | |
|---|
| 6062 | |
|---|
| 6063 | |
|---|
| 6064 | |
|---|
| 6065 | |
|---|
| 6066 | |
|---|
| 6067 | |
|---|
| 6068 | |
|---|
| 6069 | <p>The arrays of the 3d-model are initialized with |
|---|
| 6070 | the |
|---|
| 6071 | (stationary) solution of the 1d-model. These are the variables e, kh, |
|---|
| 6072 | km, u, v and with Prandtl layer switched on rif, us, usws, vsws. The |
|---|
| 6073 | temperature (humidity) profile consisting of linear sections is set as |
|---|
| 6074 | for 'set_constant_profiles' and assumed as constant in time within the |
|---|
| 6075 | 1d-model. For steering of the 1d-model a set of parameters with suffix |
|---|
| 6076 | "_1d" (e.g. <a href="#end_time_1d">end_time_1d</a>, |
|---|
| 6077 | <a href="#damp_level_1d">damp_level_1d</a>) |
|---|
| 6078 | is available.</p> |
|---|
| 6079 | |
|---|
| 6080 | |
|---|
| 6081 | |
|---|
| 6082 | |
|---|
| 6083 | |
|---|
| 6084 | |
|---|
| 6085 | |
|---|
| 6086 | |
|---|
| 6087 | |
|---|
| 6088 | |
|---|
| 6089 | |
|---|
| 6090 | |
|---|
| 6091 | |
|---|
| 6092 | </ul> |
|---|
| 6093 | |
|---|
| 6094 | |
|---|
| 6095 | |
|---|
| 6096 | |
|---|
| 6097 | |
|---|
| 6098 | |
|---|
| 6099 | |
|---|
| 6100 | |
|---|
| 6101 | |
|---|
| 6102 | |
|---|
| 6103 | |
|---|
| 6104 | |
|---|
| 6105 | |
|---|
| 6106 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'by_user'</span></p> |
|---|
| 6107 | |
|---|
| 6108 | |
|---|
| 6109 | |
|---|
| 6110 | |
|---|
| 6111 | |
|---|
| 6112 | |
|---|
| 6113 | |
|---|
| 6114 | |
|---|
| 6115 | |
|---|
| 6116 | |
|---|
| 6117 | |
|---|
| 6118 | |
|---|
| 6119 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">The initialization of the arrays |
|---|
| 6120 | of the 3d-model is under complete control of the user and has to be |
|---|
| 6121 | done in routine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_3d_model">user_init_3d_model</a> |
|---|
| 6122 | of the user-interface.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span></p> |
|---|
| 6123 | |
|---|
| 6124 | |
|---|
| 6125 | |
|---|
| 6126 | |
|---|
| 6127 | |
|---|
| 6128 | |
|---|
| 6129 | |
|---|
| 6130 | |
|---|
| 6131 | |
|---|
| 6132 | |
|---|
| 6133 | |
|---|
| 6134 | |
|---|
| 6135 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_vortex'</span> |
|---|
| 6136 | </p> |
|---|
| 6137 | |
|---|
| 6138 | |
|---|
| 6139 | |
|---|
| 6140 | |
|---|
| 6141 | |
|---|
| 6142 | |
|---|
| 6143 | |
|---|
| 6144 | |
|---|
| 6145 | |
|---|
| 6146 | |
|---|
| 6147 | |
|---|
| 6148 | |
|---|
| 6149 | |
|---|
| 6150 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The initial |
|---|
| 6151 | velocity field of the |
|---|
| 6152 | 3d-model corresponds to a |
|---|
| 6153 | Rankine-vortex with vertical axis. This setting may be used to test |
|---|
| 6154 | advection schemes. Free-slip boundary conditions for u and v (see <a href="#bc_uv_b">bc_uv_b</a>, <a href="#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>) |
|---|
| 6155 | are necessary. In order not to distort the vortex, an initial |
|---|
| 6156 | horizontal wind profile constant |
|---|
| 6157 | with height is necessary (to be set by <b>initializing_actions</b> |
|---|
| 6158 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>) |
|---|
| 6159 | and some other conditions have to be met (neutral stratification, |
|---|
| 6160 | diffusion must be |
|---|
| 6161 | switched off, see <a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a>). |
|---|
| 6162 | The center of the vortex is located at jc = (nx+1)/2. It |
|---|
| 6163 | extends from k = 0 to k = nz+1. Its radius is 8 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 6164 | and the exponentially decaying part ranges to 32 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 6165 | (see init_rankine.f90). </div> |
|---|
| 6166 | |
|---|
| 6167 | |
|---|
| 6168 | |
|---|
| 6169 | |
|---|
| 6170 | |
|---|
| 6171 | |
|---|
| 6172 | |
|---|
| 6173 | |
|---|
| 6174 | |
|---|
| 6175 | |
|---|
| 6176 | |
|---|
| 6177 | |
|---|
| 6178 | |
|---|
| 6179 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_ptanom'</span> |
|---|
| 6180 | </p> |
|---|
| 6181 | |
|---|
| 6182 | |
|---|
| 6183 | |
|---|
| 6184 | |
|---|
| 6185 | |
|---|
| 6186 | |
|---|
| 6187 | |
|---|
| 6188 | |
|---|
| 6189 | |
|---|
| 6190 | |
|---|
| 6191 | |
|---|
| 6192 | |
|---|
| 6193 | |
|---|
| 6194 | <ul> |
|---|
| 6195 | |
|---|
| 6196 | |
|---|
| 6197 | |
|---|
| 6198 | |
|---|
| 6199 | |
|---|
| 6200 | |
|---|
| 6201 | |
|---|
| 6202 | |
|---|
| 6203 | |
|---|
| 6204 | |
|---|
| 6205 | |
|---|
| 6206 | |
|---|
| 6207 | |
|---|
| 6208 | <p>A 2d-Gauss-like shape disturbance |
|---|
| 6209 | (x,y) is added to the |
|---|
| 6210 | initial temperature field with radius 10.0 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
|---|
| 6211 | and center at jc = (nx+1)/2. This may be used for tests of scalar |
|---|
| 6212 | advection schemes |
|---|
| 6213 | (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>). |
|---|
| 6214 | Such tests require a horizontal wind profile constant with hight and |
|---|
| 6215 | diffusion |
|---|
| 6216 | switched off (see <span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_vortex'</span>). |
|---|
| 6217 | Additionally, the buoyancy term |
|---|
| 6218 | must be switched of in the equation of motion for w (this |
|---|
| 6219 | requires the user to comment out the call of <span style="font-family: monospace;">buoyancy</span> in the |
|---|
| 6220 | source code of <span style="font-family: monospace;">prognostic_equations.f90</span>).</p></ul> |
|---|
| 6221 | |
|---|
| 6222 | |
|---|
| 6223 | |
|---|
| 6224 | |
|---|
| 6225 | |
|---|
| 6226 | |
|---|
| 6227 | |
|---|
| 6228 | |
|---|
| 6229 | |
|---|
| 6230 | |
|---|
| 6231 | |
|---|
| 6232 | |
|---|
| 6233 | |
|---|
| 6234 | <p style="font-style: italic;">'read_data_for_recycling'</p><p style="font-style: normal; margin-left: 40px;">Here, |
|---|
| 6235 | 3d-data from a precursor run are read by the initial (main) run. The |
|---|
| 6236 | precursor run is allowed to have a smaller domain along x and y |
|---|
| 6237 | compared with the main run. Also, different numbers of processors can |
|---|
| 6238 | be used for these two runs. Limitations are that the precursor run must |
|---|
| 6239 | use cyclic horizontal boundary conditions and that the subdomains of |
|---|
| 6240 | the main run must not be larger than the subdomains of the precursor |
|---|
| 6241 | run. If the total domain of the main run is larger than that of the precursor |
|---|
| 6242 | run, the domain is filled by cyclic repetition of the (cyclic) |
|---|
| 6243 | precursor data. This initialization method is recommended if a |
|---|
| 6244 | turbulent inflow is used (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#turbulent_inflow">turbulent_inflow</a>). 3d-data must be made available to the run by activating an appropriate file connection statement for local file BININ. See <a href="chapter_3.9.html">chapter 3.9</a> for more details, where usage of a turbulent inflow is explained. </p><p style="font-style: normal;">Values may be |
|---|
| 6245 | combined, e.g. <b>initializing_actions</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles |
|---|
| 6246 | initialize_vortex'</span>, but the values of <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>, |
|---|
| 6247 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span> |
|---|
| 6248 | , and <span style="font-style: italic;">'by_user'</span> |
|---|
| 6249 | must not be given at the same time.</p> |
|---|
| 6250 | |
|---|
| 6251 | |
|---|
| 6252 | |
|---|
| 6253 | |
|---|
| 6254 | |
|---|
| 6255 | |
|---|
| 6256 | |
|---|
| 6257 | |
|---|
| 6258 | |
|---|
| 6259 | |
|---|
| 6260 | |
|---|
| 6261 | |
|---|
| 6262 | |
|---|
| 6263 | |
|---|
| 6264 | |
|---|
| 6265 | |
|---|
| 6266 | |
|---|
| 6267 | |
|---|
| 6268 | |
|---|
| 6269 | |
|---|
| 6270 | </td> |
|---|
| 6271 | |
|---|
| 6272 | |
|---|
| 6273 | |
|---|
| 6274 | |
|---|
| 6275 | |
|---|
| 6276 | |
|---|
| 6277 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6278 | |
|---|
| 6279 | |
|---|
| 6280 | |
|---|
| 6281 | |
|---|
| 6282 | |
|---|
| 6283 | |
|---|
| 6284 | |
|---|
| 6285 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6286 | |
|---|
| 6287 | |
|---|
| 6288 | |
|---|
| 6289 | |
|---|
| 6290 | |
|---|
| 6291 | |
|---|
| 6292 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6293 | |
|---|
| 6294 | |
|---|
| 6295 | |
|---|
| 6296 | |
|---|
| 6297 | |
|---|
| 6298 | |
|---|
| 6299 | <p><a name="km_constant"></a><b>km_constant</b></p> |
|---|
| 6300 | |
|---|
| 6301 | |
|---|
| 6302 | |
|---|
| 6303 | |
|---|
| 6304 | |
|---|
| 6305 | |
|---|
| 6306 | |
|---|
| 6307 | </td> |
|---|
| 6308 | |
|---|
| 6309 | |
|---|
| 6310 | |
|---|
| 6311 | |
|---|
| 6312 | |
|---|
| 6313 | |
|---|
| 6314 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6315 | |
|---|
| 6316 | |
|---|
| 6317 | |
|---|
| 6318 | |
|---|
| 6319 | |
|---|
| 6320 | |
|---|
| 6321 | |
|---|
| 6322 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>variable<br> |
|---|
| 6323 | |
|---|
| 6324 | |
|---|
| 6325 | |
|---|
| 6326 | |
|---|
| 6327 | |
|---|
| 6328 | |
|---|
| 6329 | |
|---|
| 6330 | (computed from TKE)</i></td> |
|---|
| 6331 | |
|---|
| 6332 | |
|---|
| 6333 | |
|---|
| 6334 | |
|---|
| 6335 | |
|---|
| 6336 | |
|---|
| 6337 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6338 | |
|---|
| 6339 | |
|---|
| 6340 | |
|---|
| 6341 | |
|---|
| 6342 | |
|---|
| 6343 | |
|---|
| 6344 | <p>Constant eddy |
|---|
| 6345 | diffusivities are used (laminar |
|---|
| 6346 | simulations). </p> |
|---|
| 6347 | |
|---|
| 6348 | |
|---|
| 6349 | |
|---|
| 6350 | |
|---|
| 6351 | |
|---|
| 6352 | |
|---|
| 6353 | |
|---|
| 6354 | |
|---|
| 6355 | |
|---|
| 6356 | |
|---|
| 6357 | |
|---|
| 6358 | |
|---|
| 6359 | |
|---|
| 6360 | <p>If this parameter is |
|---|
| 6361 | specified, both in the 1d and in the |
|---|
| 6362 | 3d-model constant values for the eddy diffusivities are used in |
|---|
| 6363 | space and time with K<sub>m</sub> = <b>km_constant</b> |
|---|
| 6364 | and K<sub>h</sub> = K<sub>m</sub> / <a href="chapter_4.2.html#prandtl_number">prandtl_number</a>. |
|---|
| 6365 | The prognostic equation for the subgrid-scale TKE is switched off. |
|---|
| 6366 | Constant eddy diffusivities are only allowed with the Prandtl layer (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>) |
|---|
| 6367 | switched off.</p> |
|---|
| 6368 | |
|---|
| 6369 | |
|---|
| 6370 | |
|---|
| 6371 | |
|---|
| 6372 | |
|---|
| 6373 | |
|---|
| 6374 | </td> |
|---|
| 6375 | |
|---|
| 6376 | |
|---|
| 6377 | |
|---|
| 6378 | |
|---|
| 6379 | |
|---|
| 6380 | |
|---|
| 6381 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6382 | |
|---|
| 6383 | |
|---|
| 6384 | |
|---|
| 6385 | |
|---|
| 6386 | |
|---|
| 6387 | |
|---|
| 6388 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6389 | |
|---|
| 6390 | |
|---|
| 6391 | |
|---|
| 6392 | |
|---|
| 6393 | |
|---|
| 6394 | |
|---|
| 6395 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6396 | |
|---|
| 6397 | |
|---|
| 6398 | |
|---|
| 6399 | |
|---|
| 6400 | |
|---|
| 6401 | |
|---|
| 6402 | <p><a name="km_damp_max"></a><b>km_damp_max</b></p> |
|---|
| 6403 | |
|---|
| 6404 | |
|---|
| 6405 | |
|---|
| 6406 | |
|---|
| 6407 | |
|---|
| 6408 | |
|---|
| 6409 | |
|---|
| 6410 | </td> |
|---|
| 6411 | |
|---|
| 6412 | |
|---|
| 6413 | |
|---|
| 6414 | |
|---|
| 6415 | |
|---|
| 6416 | |
|---|
| 6417 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6418 | |
|---|
| 6419 | |
|---|
| 6420 | |
|---|
| 6421 | |
|---|
| 6422 | |
|---|
| 6423 | |
|---|
| 6424 | |
|---|
| 6425 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.5*(dx |
|---|
| 6426 | or dy)</span></td> |
|---|
| 6427 | |
|---|
| 6428 | |
|---|
| 6429 | |
|---|
| 6430 | |
|---|
| 6431 | |
|---|
| 6432 | |
|---|
| 6433 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum |
|---|
| 6434 | diffusivity used for filtering the velocity field in the vicinity of |
|---|
| 6435 | the outflow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).<br> |
|---|
| 6436 | |
|---|
| 6437 | |
|---|
| 6438 | |
|---|
| 6439 | |
|---|
| 6440 | |
|---|
| 6441 | |
|---|
| 6442 | <br> |
|---|
| 6443 | |
|---|
| 6444 | |
|---|
| 6445 | |
|---|
| 6446 | |
|---|
| 6447 | |
|---|
| 6448 | |
|---|
| 6449 | |
|---|
| 6450 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 6451 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
|---|
| 6452 | a smoothing has to be applied to the |
|---|
| 6453 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
|---|
| 6454 | reflections of outgoing disturbances. Smoothing is done by increasing |
|---|
| 6455 | the eddy diffusivity along the horizontal direction which is |
|---|
| 6456 | perpendicular to the outflow boundary. Only velocity components |
|---|
| 6457 | parallel to the outflow boundary are filtered (e.g. v and w, if the |
|---|
| 6458 | outflow is along x). Damping is applied from the bottom to the top of |
|---|
| 6459 | the domain.<br> |
|---|
| 6460 | |
|---|
| 6461 | |
|---|
| 6462 | |
|---|
| 6463 | |
|---|
| 6464 | |
|---|
| 6465 | |
|---|
| 6466 | <br> |
|---|
| 6467 | |
|---|
| 6468 | |
|---|
| 6469 | |
|---|
| 6470 | |
|---|
| 6471 | |
|---|
| 6472 | |
|---|
| 6473 | |
|---|
| 6474 | The horizontal range of the smoothing is controlled by <a href="#outflow_damping_width">outflow_damping_width</a> |
|---|
| 6475 | which defines the number of gridpoints (counted from the outflow |
|---|
| 6476 | boundary) from where on the smoothing is applied. Starting from that |
|---|
| 6477 | point, the eddy diffusivity is linearly increased (from zero to its |
|---|
| 6478 | maximum value given by <span style="font-weight: bold;">km_damp_max</span>) |
|---|
| 6479 | until half of the damping range width, from where it remains constant |
|---|
| 6480 | up to the outflow boundary. If at a certain grid point the eddy |
|---|
| 6481 | diffusivity calculated from the flow field is larger than as described |
|---|
| 6482 | above, it is used instead.<br> |
|---|
| 6483 | |
|---|
| 6484 | |
|---|
| 6485 | |
|---|
| 6486 | |
|---|
| 6487 | |
|---|
| 6488 | |
|---|
| 6489 | <br> |
|---|
| 6490 | |
|---|
| 6491 | |
|---|
| 6492 | |
|---|
| 6493 | |
|---|
| 6494 | |
|---|
| 6495 | |
|---|
| 6496 | |
|---|
| 6497 | The default value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">km_damp_max</span> |
|---|
| 6498 | has been empirically proven to be sufficient.</td> |
|---|
| 6499 | |
|---|
| 6500 | |
|---|
| 6501 | |
|---|
| 6502 | |
|---|
| 6503 | |
|---|
| 6504 | |
|---|
| 6505 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6506 | |
|---|
| 6507 | |
|---|
| 6508 | |
|---|
| 6509 | |
|---|
| 6510 | |
|---|
| 6511 | |
|---|
| 6512 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6513 | |
|---|
| 6514 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="lad_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">lad_surface</span></td> |
|---|
| 6515 | |
|---|
| 6516 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6517 | |
|---|
| 6518 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 6519 | |
|---|
| 6520 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Surface value of the leaf area density (in m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>).<br> |
|---|
| 6521 | |
|---|
| 6522 | <br> |
|---|
| 6523 | |
|---|
| 6524 | This |
|---|
| 6525 | parameter assigns the value of the leaf area density <span style="font-weight: bold;">lad</span> at the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, |
|---|
| 6526 | the leaf area density profile is constructed with <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 6527 | and <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level |
|---|
| 6528 | </a>.</td> |
|---|
| 6529 | |
|---|
| 6530 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6531 | |
|---|
| 6532 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6533 | |
|---|
| 6534 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="lad_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">lad_vertical_gradient</span></td> |
|---|
| 6535 | |
|---|
| 6536 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 6537 | |
|---|
| 6538 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 6539 | |
|---|
| 6540 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the leaf area density (in m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>4</sup>).<br> |
|---|
| 6541 | |
|---|
| 6542 | <br> |
|---|
| 6543 | |
|---|
| 6544 | |
|---|
| 6545 | <p>This leaf area density gradient |
|---|
| 6546 | holds starting from the height |
|---|
| 6547 | level defined by <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 6548 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) > lad_vertical_gradient_level, lad(k) is set: lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>lad_vertical_gradient</b>) |
|---|
| 6549 | up to the level defined by <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. Above that level lad(k) will automatically set to 0.0. A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
|---|
| 6550 | if <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 6551 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The leaf area density at the surface is |
|---|
| 6552 | assigned via <a href="#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 6553 | </p> |
|---|
| 6554 | |
|---|
| 6555 | </td> |
|---|
| 6556 | |
|---|
| 6557 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6558 | |
|---|
| 6559 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6560 | |
|---|
| 6561 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="lad_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">lad_vertical_gradient_level</span></td> |
|---|
| 6562 | |
|---|
| 6563 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 6564 | |
|---|
| 6565 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 6566 | |
|---|
| 6567 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the gradient |
|---|
| 6568 | of the leaf area density defined by <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 6569 | is effective (in m).<br> |
|---|
| 6570 | |
|---|
| 6571 | <br> |
|---|
| 6572 | |
|---|
| 6573 | The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. The |
|---|
| 6574 | default values result in a leaf area density that is constant with height uup to the top of the plant canopy layer defined by <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. For the piecewise construction of temperature profiles see <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 6575 | |
|---|
| 6576 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6577 | |
|---|
| 6578 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6579 | |
|---|
| 6580 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="leaf_surface_concentration"></a><b>leaf_surface_concentration</b></td> |
|---|
| 6581 | |
|---|
| 6582 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6583 | |
|---|
| 6584 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 6585 | |
|---|
| 6586 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Concentration of a passive scalar at the surface of a leaf (in K m/s).<br> |
|---|
| 6587 | |
|---|
| 6588 | |
|---|
| 6589 | <br> |
|---|
| 6590 | |
|---|
| 6591 | |
|---|
| 6592 | This parameter is only of importance in cases in that both, <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> and <a href="#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>, are set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>. |
|---|
| 6593 | The value of the concentration of a passive scalar at the surface of a |
|---|
| 6594 | leaf is required for the parametrisation of the sources and sinks of |
|---|
| 6595 | scalar concentration due to the canopy.</td> |
|---|
| 6596 | |
|---|
| 6597 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6598 | |
|---|
| 6599 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6600 | |
|---|
| 6601 | |
|---|
| 6602 | |
|---|
| 6603 | |
|---|
| 6604 | |
|---|
| 6605 | |
|---|
| 6606 | |
|---|
| 6607 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6608 | |
|---|
| 6609 | |
|---|
| 6610 | |
|---|
| 6611 | |
|---|
| 6612 | |
|---|
| 6613 | |
|---|
| 6614 | <p><a name="long_filter_factor"></a><b>long_filter_factor</b></p> |
|---|
| 6615 | |
|---|
| 6616 | |
|---|
| 6617 | |
|---|
| 6618 | |
|---|
| 6619 | |
|---|
| 6620 | |
|---|
| 6621 | |
|---|
| 6622 | </td> |
|---|
| 6623 | |
|---|
| 6624 | |
|---|
| 6625 | |
|---|
| 6626 | |
|---|
| 6627 | |
|---|
| 6628 | |
|---|
| 6629 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 6630 | |
|---|
| 6631 | |
|---|
| 6632 | |
|---|
| 6633 | |
|---|
| 6634 | |
|---|
| 6635 | |
|---|
| 6636 | |
|---|
| 6637 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 6638 | |
|---|
| 6639 | |
|---|
| 6640 | |
|---|
| 6641 | |
|---|
| 6642 | |
|---|
| 6643 | |
|---|
| 6644 | |
|---|
| 6645 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6646 | |
|---|
| 6647 | |
|---|
| 6648 | |
|---|
| 6649 | |
|---|
| 6650 | |
|---|
| 6651 | |
|---|
| 6652 | <p>Filter factor |
|---|
| 6653 | for the so-called Long-filter.<br> |
|---|
| 6654 | |
|---|
| 6655 | |
|---|
| 6656 | |
|---|
| 6657 | |
|---|
| 6658 | |
|---|
| 6659 | |
|---|
| 6660 | </p> |
|---|
| 6661 | |
|---|
| 6662 | |
|---|
| 6663 | |
|---|
| 6664 | |
|---|
| 6665 | |
|---|
| 6666 | |
|---|
| 6667 | |
|---|
| 6668 | |
|---|
| 6669 | |
|---|
| 6670 | |
|---|
| 6671 | |
|---|
| 6672 | |
|---|
| 6673 | |
|---|
| 6674 | <p><br> |
|---|
| 6675 | |
|---|
| 6676 | |
|---|
| 6677 | |
|---|
| 6678 | |
|---|
| 6679 | |
|---|
| 6680 | |
|---|
| 6681 | |
|---|
| 6682 | This filter very efficiently |
|---|
| 6683 | eliminates 2-delta-waves sometimes cauesed by the upstream-spline |
|---|
| 6684 | scheme (see Mahrer and |
|---|
| 6685 | Pielke, 1978: Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830). It works in all three |
|---|
| 6686 | directions in space. A value of <b>long_filter_factor</b> |
|---|
| 6687 | = <i>0.01</i> |
|---|
| 6688 | sufficiently removes the small-scale waves without affecting the |
|---|
| 6689 | longer waves.<br> |
|---|
| 6690 | |
|---|
| 6691 | |
|---|
| 6692 | |
|---|
| 6693 | |
|---|
| 6694 | |
|---|
| 6695 | |
|---|
| 6696 | </p> |
|---|
| 6697 | |
|---|
| 6698 | |
|---|
| 6699 | |
|---|
| 6700 | |
|---|
| 6701 | |
|---|
| 6702 | |
|---|
| 6703 | |
|---|
| 6704 | |
|---|
| 6705 | |
|---|
| 6706 | |
|---|
| 6707 | |
|---|
| 6708 | |
|---|
| 6709 | |
|---|
| 6710 | <p>By default, the filter is |
|---|
| 6711 | switched off (= <i>0.0</i>). |
|---|
| 6712 | It is exclusively applied to the tendencies calculated by the |
|---|
| 6713 | upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
|---|
| 6714 | and <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>), |
|---|
| 6715 | not to the prognostic variables themselves. At the bottom and top |
|---|
| 6716 | boundary of the model domain the filter effect for vertical |
|---|
| 6717 | 2-delta-waves is reduced. There, the amplitude of these waves is only |
|---|
| 6718 | reduced by approx. 50%, otherwise by nearly 100%. <br> |
|---|
| 6719 | |
|---|
| 6720 | |
|---|
| 6721 | |
|---|
| 6722 | |
|---|
| 6723 | |
|---|
| 6724 | |
|---|
| 6725 | |
|---|
| 6726 | Filter factors with values > <i>0.01</i> also |
|---|
| 6727 | reduce the amplitudes |
|---|
| 6728 | of waves with wavelengths longer than 2-delta (see the paper by Mahrer |
|---|
| 6729 | and |
|---|
| 6730 | Pielke, quoted above). </p> |
|---|
| 6731 | |
|---|
| 6732 | |
|---|
| 6733 | |
|---|
| 6734 | |
|---|
| 6735 | |
|---|
| 6736 | |
|---|
| 6737 | </td> |
|---|
| 6738 | |
|---|
| 6739 | |
|---|
| 6740 | |
|---|
| 6741 | |
|---|
| 6742 | |
|---|
| 6743 | |
|---|
| 6744 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6745 | |
|---|
| 6746 | |
|---|
| 6747 | |
|---|
| 6748 | |
|---|
| 6749 | |
|---|
| 6750 | |
|---|
| 6751 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6752 | |
|---|
| 6753 | |
|---|
| 6754 | |
|---|
| 6755 | |
|---|
| 6756 | |
|---|
| 6757 | |
|---|
| 6758 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="loop_optimization"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span></td> |
|---|
| 6759 | |
|---|
| 6760 | |
|---|
| 6761 | |
|---|
| 6762 | |
|---|
| 6763 | |
|---|
| 6764 | |
|---|
| 6765 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*16</td> |
|---|
| 6766 | |
|---|
| 6767 | |
|---|
| 6768 | |
|---|
| 6769 | |
|---|
| 6770 | |
|---|
| 6771 | |
|---|
| 6772 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">see right</span></td> |
|---|
| 6773 | |
|---|
| 6774 | |
|---|
| 6775 | |
|---|
| 6776 | |
|---|
| 6777 | |
|---|
| 6778 | |
|---|
| 6779 | <td>Method used to optimize loops for solving the prognostic equations .<br> |
|---|
| 6780 | |
|---|
| 6781 | |
|---|
| 6782 | |
|---|
| 6783 | |
|---|
| 6784 | |
|---|
| 6785 | |
|---|
| 6786 | <br> |
|---|
| 6787 | |
|---|
| 6788 | |
|---|
| 6789 | |
|---|
| 6790 | |
|---|
| 6791 | |
|---|
| 6792 | |
|---|
| 6793 | By |
|---|
| 6794 | default, the optimization method depends on the host on which PALM is |
|---|
| 6795 | running. On machines with vector-type CPUs, single 3d-loops are used to |
|---|
| 6796 | calculate each tendency term of each prognostic equation, while on all |
|---|
| 6797 | other machines, all prognostic equations are solved within one big loop |
|---|
| 6798 | over the two horizontal indices<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> i </span>and<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> j </span>(giving a good cache uitilization).<br> |
|---|
| 6799 | |
|---|
| 6800 | |
|---|
| 6801 | |
|---|
| 6802 | |
|---|
| 6803 | |
|---|
| 6804 | |
|---|
| 6805 | <br> |
|---|
| 6806 | |
|---|
| 6807 | |
|---|
| 6808 | |
|---|
| 6809 | |
|---|
| 6810 | |
|---|
| 6811 | |
|---|
| 6812 | The default behaviour can be changed by setting either <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'vector'</span> or <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cache'</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 6813 | |
|---|
| 6814 | |
|---|
| 6815 | |
|---|
| 6816 | |
|---|
| 6817 | |
|---|
| 6818 | |
|---|
| 6819 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6820 | |
|---|
| 6821 | |
|---|
| 6822 | |
|---|
| 6823 | |
|---|
| 6824 | |
|---|
| 6825 | |
|---|
| 6826 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6827 | |
|---|
| 6828 | |
|---|
| 6829 | |
|---|
| 6830 | |
|---|
| 6831 | |
|---|
| 6832 | |
|---|
| 6833 | |
|---|
| 6834 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="mixing_length_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span><br> |
|---|
| 6835 | |
|---|
| 6836 | |
|---|
| 6837 | |
|---|
| 6838 | |
|---|
| 6839 | |
|---|
| 6840 | |
|---|
| 6841 | |
|---|
| 6842 | </td> |
|---|
| 6843 | |
|---|
| 6844 | |
|---|
| 6845 | |
|---|
| 6846 | |
|---|
| 6847 | |
|---|
| 6848 | |
|---|
| 6849 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
|---|
| 6850 | |
|---|
| 6851 | |
|---|
| 6852 | |
|---|
| 6853 | |
|---|
| 6854 | |
|---|
| 6855 | |
|---|
| 6856 | |
|---|
| 6857 | </td> |
|---|
| 6858 | |
|---|
| 6859 | |
|---|
| 6860 | |
|---|
| 6861 | |
|---|
| 6862 | |
|---|
| 6863 | |
|---|
| 6864 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 6865 | |
|---|
| 6866 | |
|---|
| 6867 | |
|---|
| 6868 | |
|---|
| 6869 | |
|---|
| 6870 | |
|---|
| 6871 | <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br> |
|---|
| 6872 | |
|---|
| 6873 | |
|---|
| 6874 | |
|---|
| 6875 | |
|---|
| 6876 | |
|---|
| 6877 | |
|---|
| 6878 | </td> |
|---|
| 6879 | |
|---|
| 6880 | |
|---|
| 6881 | |
|---|
| 6882 | |
|---|
| 6883 | |
|---|
| 6884 | |
|---|
| 6885 | |
|---|
| 6886 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Mixing length used in the |
|---|
| 6887 | 1d-model.<br> |
|---|
| 6888 | |
|---|
| 6889 | |
|---|
| 6890 | |
|---|
| 6891 | |
|---|
| 6892 | |
|---|
| 6893 | |
|---|
| 6894 | <br> |
|---|
| 6895 | |
|---|
| 6896 | |
|---|
| 6897 | |
|---|
| 6898 | |
|---|
| 6899 | |
|---|
| 6900 | |
|---|
| 6901 | |
|---|
| 6902 | By default the mixing length is calculated as in the 3d-model (i.e. it |
|---|
| 6903 | depends on the grid spacing).<br> |
|---|
| 6904 | |
|---|
| 6905 | |
|---|
| 6906 | |
|---|
| 6907 | |
|---|
| 6908 | |
|---|
| 6909 | |
|---|
| 6910 | <br> |
|---|
| 6911 | |
|---|
| 6912 | |
|---|
| 6913 | |
|---|
| 6914 | |
|---|
| 6915 | |
|---|
| 6916 | |
|---|
| 6917 | |
|---|
| 6918 | By setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span> |
|---|
| 6919 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'blackadar'</span>, |
|---|
| 6920 | the so-called Blackadar mixing length is used (l = kappa * z / ( 1 + |
|---|
| 6921 | kappa * z / lambda ) with the limiting value lambda = 2.7E-4 * u_g / f).<br> |
|---|
| 6922 | |
|---|
| 6923 | |
|---|
| 6924 | |
|---|
| 6925 | |
|---|
| 6926 | |
|---|
| 6927 | |
|---|
| 6928 | |
|---|
| 6929 | </td> |
|---|
| 6930 | |
|---|
| 6931 | |
|---|
| 6932 | |
|---|
| 6933 | |
|---|
| 6934 | |
|---|
| 6935 | |
|---|
| 6936 | </tr> |
|---|
| 6937 | |
|---|
| 6938 | |
|---|
| 6939 | |
|---|
| 6940 | |
|---|
| 6941 | |
|---|
| 6942 | |
|---|
| 6943 | |
|---|
| 6944 | |
|---|
| 6945 | |
|---|
| 6946 | |
|---|
| 6947 | |
|---|
| 6948 | |
|---|
| 6949 | |
|---|
| 6950 | |
|---|
| 6951 | <tr> |
|---|
| 6952 | |
|---|
| 6953 | |
|---|
| 6954 | |
|---|
| 6955 | |
|---|
| 6956 | |
|---|
| 6957 | |
|---|
| 6958 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6959 | |
|---|
| 6960 | |
|---|
| 6961 | |
|---|
| 6962 | |
|---|
| 6963 | |
|---|
| 6964 | |
|---|
| 6965 | <p><a name="momentum_advec"></a><b>momentum_advec</b></p> |
|---|
| 6966 | |
|---|
| 6967 | |
|---|
| 6968 | |
|---|
| 6969 | |
|---|
| 6970 | |
|---|
| 6971 | |
|---|
| 6972 | |
|---|
| 6973 | </td> |
|---|
| 6974 | |
|---|
| 6975 | |
|---|
| 6976 | |
|---|
| 6977 | |
|---|
| 6978 | |
|---|
| 6979 | |
|---|
| 6980 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td> |
|---|
| 6981 | |
|---|
| 6982 | |
|---|
| 6983 | |
|---|
| 6984 | |
|---|
| 6985 | |
|---|
| 6986 | |
|---|
| 6987 | |
|---|
| 6988 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'pw-scheme'</i></td> |
|---|
| 6989 | |
|---|
| 6990 | |
|---|
| 6991 | |
|---|
| 6992 | |
|---|
| 6993 | |
|---|
| 6994 | |
|---|
| 6995 | |
|---|
| 6996 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 6997 | |
|---|
| 6998 | |
|---|
| 6999 | |
|---|
| 7000 | |
|---|
| 7001 | |
|---|
| 7002 | |
|---|
| 7003 | <p>Advection |
|---|
| 7004 | scheme to be used for the momentum equations.<br> |
|---|
| 7005 | |
|---|
| 7006 | |
|---|
| 7007 | |
|---|
| 7008 | |
|---|
| 7009 | |
|---|
| 7010 | |
|---|
| 7011 | <br> |
|---|
| 7012 | |
|---|
| 7013 | |
|---|
| 7014 | |
|---|
| 7015 | |
|---|
| 7016 | |
|---|
| 7017 | |
|---|
| 7018 | |
|---|
| 7019 | The user can choose between the following schemes:<br> |
|---|
| 7020 | |
|---|
| 7021 | |
|---|
| 7022 | |
|---|
| 7023 | |
|---|
| 7024 | |
|---|
| 7025 | |
|---|
| 7026 | |
|---|
| 7027 | <br> |
|---|
| 7028 | |
|---|
| 7029 | |
|---|
| 7030 | |
|---|
| 7031 | |
|---|
| 7032 | |
|---|
| 7033 | |
|---|
| 7034 | <br> |
|---|
| 7035 | |
|---|
| 7036 | |
|---|
| 7037 | |
|---|
| 7038 | |
|---|
| 7039 | |
|---|
| 7040 | |
|---|
| 7041 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'pw-scheme'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7042 | |
|---|
| 7043 | |
|---|
| 7044 | |
|---|
| 7045 | |
|---|
| 7046 | |
|---|
| 7047 | |
|---|
| 7048 | |
|---|
| 7049 | </p> |
|---|
| 7050 | |
|---|
| 7051 | |
|---|
| 7052 | |
|---|
| 7053 | |
|---|
| 7054 | |
|---|
| 7055 | |
|---|
| 7056 | |
|---|
| 7057 | |
|---|
| 7058 | |
|---|
| 7059 | |
|---|
| 7060 | |
|---|
| 7061 | |
|---|
| 7062 | |
|---|
| 7063 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The scheme of |
|---|
| 7064 | Piascek and |
|---|
| 7065 | Williams (1970, J. Comp. Phys., 6, |
|---|
| 7066 | 392-405) with central differences in the form C3 is used.<br> |
|---|
| 7067 | |
|---|
| 7068 | |
|---|
| 7069 | |
|---|
| 7070 | |
|---|
| 7071 | |
|---|
| 7072 | |
|---|
| 7073 | |
|---|
| 7074 | If intermediate Euler-timesteps are carried out in case of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
|---|
| 7075 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> |
|---|
| 7076 | the |
|---|
| 7077 | advection scheme is - for the Euler-timestep - automatically switched |
|---|
| 7078 | to an upstream-scheme.<br> |
|---|
| 7079 | |
|---|
| 7080 | |
|---|
| 7081 | |
|---|
| 7082 | |
|---|
| 7083 | |
|---|
| 7084 | |
|---|
| 7085 | </div> |
|---|
| 7086 | |
|---|
| 7087 | |
|---|
| 7088 | |
|---|
| 7089 | |
|---|
| 7090 | |
|---|
| 7091 | |
|---|
| 7092 | |
|---|
| 7093 | |
|---|
| 7094 | |
|---|
| 7095 | |
|---|
| 7096 | |
|---|
| 7097 | |
|---|
| 7098 | |
|---|
| 7099 | <p> </p> |
|---|
| 7100 | |
|---|
| 7101 | |
|---|
| 7102 | |
|---|
| 7103 | |
|---|
| 7104 | |
|---|
| 7105 | |
|---|
| 7106 | |
|---|
| 7107 | |
|---|
| 7108 | |
|---|
| 7109 | |
|---|
| 7110 | |
|---|
| 7111 | |
|---|
| 7112 | |
|---|
| 7113 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7114 | |
|---|
| 7115 | |
|---|
| 7116 | |
|---|
| 7117 | |
|---|
| 7118 | |
|---|
| 7119 | |
|---|
| 7120 | |
|---|
| 7121 | </p> |
|---|
| 7122 | |
|---|
| 7123 | |
|---|
| 7124 | |
|---|
| 7125 | |
|---|
| 7126 | |
|---|
| 7127 | |
|---|
| 7128 | |
|---|
| 7129 | |
|---|
| 7130 | |
|---|
| 7131 | |
|---|
| 7132 | |
|---|
| 7133 | |
|---|
| 7134 | |
|---|
| 7135 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The |
|---|
| 7136 | upstream-spline scheme is |
|---|
| 7137 | used |
|---|
| 7138 | (see Mahrer and Pielke, |
|---|
| 7139 | 1978: Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830). In opposite to the |
|---|
| 7140 | Piascek-Williams scheme, this is characterized by much better numerical |
|---|
| 7141 | features (less numerical diffusion, better preservation of flow |
|---|
| 7142 | structures, e.g. vortices), but computationally it is much more |
|---|
| 7143 | expensive. In |
|---|
| 7144 | addition, the use of the Euler-timestep scheme is mandatory (<a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
|---|
| 7145 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><i>euler'</i>), |
|---|
| 7146 | i.e. the |
|---|
| 7147 | timestep accuracy is only of first order. |
|---|
| 7148 | For this reason the advection of scalar variables (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>) |
|---|
| 7149 | should then also be carried out with the upstream-spline scheme, |
|---|
| 7150 | because otherwise the scalar variables would |
|---|
| 7151 | be subject to large numerical diffusion due to the upstream |
|---|
| 7152 | scheme. </div> |
|---|
| 7153 | |
|---|
| 7154 | |
|---|
| 7155 | |
|---|
| 7156 | |
|---|
| 7157 | |
|---|
| 7158 | |
|---|
| 7159 | |
|---|
| 7160 | |
|---|
| 7161 | |
|---|
| 7162 | |
|---|
| 7163 | |
|---|
| 7164 | |
|---|
| 7165 | |
|---|
| 7166 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">Since |
|---|
| 7167 | the cubic splines used tend |
|---|
| 7168 | to overshoot under |
|---|
| 7169 | certain circumstances, this effect must be adjusted by suitable |
|---|
| 7170 | filtering and smoothing (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>, |
|---|
| 7171 | <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>, |
|---|
| 7172 | <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_u">ups_limit_u</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_v">ups_limit_v</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_w">ups_limit_w</a>). |
|---|
| 7173 | This is always neccessary for runs with stable stratification, |
|---|
| 7174 | even if this stratification appears only in parts of the model domain.<br> |
|---|
| 7175 | |
|---|
| 7176 | |
|---|
| 7177 | |
|---|
| 7178 | |
|---|
| 7179 | |
|---|
| 7180 | |
|---|
| 7181 | |
|---|
| 7182 | </p> |
|---|
| 7183 | |
|---|
| 7184 | |
|---|
| 7185 | |
|---|
| 7186 | |
|---|
| 7187 | |
|---|
| 7188 | |
|---|
| 7189 | |
|---|
| 7190 | |
|---|
| 7191 | |
|---|
| 7192 | |
|---|
| 7193 | |
|---|
| 7194 | |
|---|
| 7195 | |
|---|
| 7196 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">With stable |
|---|
| 7197 | stratification the |
|---|
| 7198 | upstream-spline scheme also |
|---|
| 7199 | produces gravity waves with large amplitude, which must be |
|---|
| 7200 | suitably damped (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#rayleigh_damping_factor">rayleigh_damping_factor</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 7201 | |
|---|
| 7202 | |
|---|
| 7203 | |
|---|
| 7204 | |
|---|
| 7205 | |
|---|
| 7206 | |
|---|
| 7207 | |
|---|
| 7208 | <br> |
|---|
| 7209 | |
|---|
| 7210 | |
|---|
| 7211 | |
|---|
| 7212 | |
|---|
| 7213 | |
|---|
| 7214 | |
|---|
| 7215 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Important: </span>The |
|---|
| 7216 | upstream-spline scheme is not implemented for humidity and passive |
|---|
| 7217 | scalars (see <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> |
|---|
| 7218 | and <a href="#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>) |
|---|
| 7219 | and requires the use of a 2d-domain-decomposition. The last conditions |
|---|
| 7220 | severely restricts code optimization on several machines leading to |
|---|
| 7221 | very long execution times! The scheme is also not allowed for |
|---|
| 7222 | non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 7223 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</div> |
|---|
| 7224 | |
|---|
| 7225 | |
|---|
| 7226 | |
|---|
| 7227 | |
|---|
| 7228 | |
|---|
| 7229 | |
|---|
| 7230 | </td> |
|---|
| 7231 | |
|---|
| 7232 | |
|---|
| 7233 | |
|---|
| 7234 | |
|---|
| 7235 | |
|---|
| 7236 | |
|---|
| 7237 | |
|---|
| 7238 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7239 | |
|---|
| 7240 | |
|---|
| 7241 | |
|---|
| 7242 | |
|---|
| 7243 | |
|---|
| 7244 | |
|---|
| 7245 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7246 | |
|---|
| 7247 | |
|---|
| 7248 | |
|---|
| 7249 | |
|---|
| 7250 | |
|---|
| 7251 | |
|---|
| 7252 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="netcdf_precision"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span><br> |
|---|
| 7253 | |
|---|
| 7254 | |
|---|
| 7255 | |
|---|
| 7256 | |
|---|
| 7257 | |
|---|
| 7258 | |
|---|
| 7259 | |
|---|
| 7260 | </td> |
|---|
| 7261 | |
|---|
| 7262 | |
|---|
| 7263 | |
|---|
| 7264 | |
|---|
| 7265 | |
|---|
| 7266 | |
|---|
| 7267 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
|---|
| 7268 | |
|---|
| 7269 | |
|---|
| 7270 | |
|---|
| 7271 | |
|---|
| 7272 | |
|---|
| 7273 | |
|---|
| 7274 | |
|---|
| 7275 | (10)<br> |
|---|
| 7276 | |
|---|
| 7277 | |
|---|
| 7278 | |
|---|
| 7279 | |
|---|
| 7280 | |
|---|
| 7281 | |
|---|
| 7282 | </td> |
|---|
| 7283 | |
|---|
| 7284 | |
|---|
| 7285 | |
|---|
| 7286 | |
|---|
| 7287 | |
|---|
| 7288 | |
|---|
| 7289 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">single preci-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 7290 | |
|---|
| 7291 | |
|---|
| 7292 | |
|---|
| 7293 | |
|---|
| 7294 | |
|---|
| 7295 | |
|---|
| 7296 | <span style="font-style: italic;">sion for all</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 7297 | |
|---|
| 7298 | |
|---|
| 7299 | |
|---|
| 7300 | |
|---|
| 7301 | |
|---|
| 7302 | |
|---|
| 7303 | <span style="font-style: italic;">output quan-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
|---|
| 7304 | |
|---|
| 7305 | |
|---|
| 7306 | |
|---|
| 7307 | |
|---|
| 7308 | |
|---|
| 7309 | |
|---|
| 7310 | <span style="font-style: italic;">tities</span><br> |
|---|
| 7311 | |
|---|
| 7312 | |
|---|
| 7313 | |
|---|
| 7314 | |
|---|
| 7315 | |
|---|
| 7316 | |
|---|
| 7317 | </td> |
|---|
| 7318 | |
|---|
| 7319 | |
|---|
| 7320 | |
|---|
| 7321 | |
|---|
| 7322 | |
|---|
| 7323 | |
|---|
| 7324 | |
|---|
| 7325 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Defines the accuracy of |
|---|
| 7326 | the NetCDF output.<br> |
|---|
| 7327 | |
|---|
| 7328 | |
|---|
| 7329 | |
|---|
| 7330 | |
|---|
| 7331 | |
|---|
| 7332 | |
|---|
| 7333 | <br> |
|---|
| 7334 | |
|---|
| 7335 | |
|---|
| 7336 | |
|---|
| 7337 | |
|---|
| 7338 | |
|---|
| 7339 | |
|---|
| 7340 | |
|---|
| 7341 | By default, all NetCDF output data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>) |
|---|
| 7342 | have single precision (4 byte) accuracy. Double precision (8 |
|---|
| 7343 | byte) can be choosen alternatively.<br> |
|---|
| 7344 | |
|---|
| 7345 | |
|---|
| 7346 | |
|---|
| 7347 | |
|---|
| 7348 | |
|---|
| 7349 | |
|---|
| 7350 | |
|---|
| 7351 | Accuracy for the different output data (cross sections, 3d-volume data, |
|---|
| 7352 | spectra, etc.) can be set independently.<br> |
|---|
| 7353 | |
|---|
| 7354 | |
|---|
| 7355 | |
|---|
| 7356 | |
|---|
| 7357 | |
|---|
| 7358 | |
|---|
| 7359 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>_NF90_REAL4'</span> |
|---|
| 7360 | (single precision) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>_NF90_REAL8'</span> |
|---|
| 7361 | (double precision) are the two principally allowed values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span>, |
|---|
| 7362 | where the string <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>' |
|---|
| 7363 | </span>can be chosen out of the following list:<br> |
|---|
| 7364 | |
|---|
| 7365 | |
|---|
| 7366 | |
|---|
| 7367 | |
|---|
| 7368 | |
|---|
| 7369 | |
|---|
| 7370 | <br> |
|---|
| 7371 | |
|---|
| 7372 | |
|---|
| 7373 | |
|---|
| 7374 | |
|---|
| 7375 | |
|---|
| 7376 | |
|---|
| 7377 | |
|---|
| 7378 | |
|---|
| 7379 | |
|---|
| 7380 | |
|---|
| 7381 | |
|---|
| 7382 | |
|---|
| 7383 | |
|---|
| 7384 | <table style="text-align: left; width: 284px; height: 234px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> |
|---|
| 7385 | |
|---|
| 7386 | |
|---|
| 7387 | |
|---|
| 7388 | |
|---|
| 7389 | |
|---|
| 7390 | |
|---|
| 7391 | <tbody> |
|---|
| 7392 | |
|---|
| 7393 | |
|---|
| 7394 | |
|---|
| 7395 | |
|---|
| 7396 | |
|---|
| 7397 | |
|---|
| 7398 | |
|---|
| 7399 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7400 | |
|---|
| 7401 | |
|---|
| 7402 | |
|---|
| 7403 | |
|---|
| 7404 | |
|---|
| 7405 | |
|---|
| 7406 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xy'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7407 | |
|---|
| 7408 | |
|---|
| 7409 | |
|---|
| 7410 | |
|---|
| 7411 | |
|---|
| 7412 | |
|---|
| 7413 | </td> |
|---|
| 7414 | |
|---|
| 7415 | |
|---|
| 7416 | |
|---|
| 7417 | |
|---|
| 7418 | |
|---|
| 7419 | |
|---|
| 7420 | |
|---|
| 7421 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">horizontal cross section<br> |
|---|
| 7422 | |
|---|
| 7423 | |
|---|
| 7424 | |
|---|
| 7425 | |
|---|
| 7426 | |
|---|
| 7427 | |
|---|
| 7428 | |
|---|
| 7429 | </td> |
|---|
| 7430 | |
|---|
| 7431 | |
|---|
| 7432 | |
|---|
| 7433 | |
|---|
| 7434 | |
|---|
| 7435 | |
|---|
| 7436 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7437 | |
|---|
| 7438 | |
|---|
| 7439 | |
|---|
| 7440 | |
|---|
| 7441 | |
|---|
| 7442 | |
|---|
| 7443 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7444 | |
|---|
| 7445 | |
|---|
| 7446 | |
|---|
| 7447 | |
|---|
| 7448 | |
|---|
| 7449 | |
|---|
| 7450 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xz'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7451 | |
|---|
| 7452 | |
|---|
| 7453 | |
|---|
| 7454 | |
|---|
| 7455 | |
|---|
| 7456 | |
|---|
| 7457 | </td> |
|---|
| 7458 | |
|---|
| 7459 | |
|---|
| 7460 | |
|---|
| 7461 | |
|---|
| 7462 | |
|---|
| 7463 | |
|---|
| 7464 | |
|---|
| 7465 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (xz) cross |
|---|
| 7466 | section<br> |
|---|
| 7467 | |
|---|
| 7468 | |
|---|
| 7469 | |
|---|
| 7470 | |
|---|
| 7471 | |
|---|
| 7472 | |
|---|
| 7473 | </td> |
|---|
| 7474 | |
|---|
| 7475 | |
|---|
| 7476 | |
|---|
| 7477 | |
|---|
| 7478 | |
|---|
| 7479 | |
|---|
| 7480 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7481 | |
|---|
| 7482 | |
|---|
| 7483 | |
|---|
| 7484 | |
|---|
| 7485 | |
|---|
| 7486 | |
|---|
| 7487 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7488 | |
|---|
| 7489 | |
|---|
| 7490 | |
|---|
| 7491 | |
|---|
| 7492 | |
|---|
| 7493 | |
|---|
| 7494 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'yz'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7495 | |
|---|
| 7496 | |
|---|
| 7497 | |
|---|
| 7498 | |
|---|
| 7499 | |
|---|
| 7500 | |
|---|
| 7501 | </td> |
|---|
| 7502 | |
|---|
| 7503 | |
|---|
| 7504 | |
|---|
| 7505 | |
|---|
| 7506 | |
|---|
| 7507 | |
|---|
| 7508 | |
|---|
| 7509 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (yz) cross |
|---|
| 7510 | section<br> |
|---|
| 7511 | |
|---|
| 7512 | |
|---|
| 7513 | |
|---|
| 7514 | |
|---|
| 7515 | |
|---|
| 7516 | |
|---|
| 7517 | </td> |
|---|
| 7518 | |
|---|
| 7519 | |
|---|
| 7520 | |
|---|
| 7521 | |
|---|
| 7522 | |
|---|
| 7523 | |
|---|
| 7524 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7525 | |
|---|
| 7526 | |
|---|
| 7527 | |
|---|
| 7528 | |
|---|
| 7529 | |
|---|
| 7530 | |
|---|
| 7531 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7532 | |
|---|
| 7533 | |
|---|
| 7534 | |
|---|
| 7535 | |
|---|
| 7536 | |
|---|
| 7537 | |
|---|
| 7538 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'2d'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7539 | |
|---|
| 7540 | |
|---|
| 7541 | |
|---|
| 7542 | |
|---|
| 7543 | |
|---|
| 7544 | |
|---|
| 7545 | </td> |
|---|
| 7546 | |
|---|
| 7547 | |
|---|
| 7548 | |
|---|
| 7549 | |
|---|
| 7550 | |
|---|
| 7551 | |
|---|
| 7552 | |
|---|
| 7553 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">all cross sections<br> |
|---|
| 7554 | |
|---|
| 7555 | |
|---|
| 7556 | |
|---|
| 7557 | |
|---|
| 7558 | |
|---|
| 7559 | |
|---|
| 7560 | |
|---|
| 7561 | </td> |
|---|
| 7562 | |
|---|
| 7563 | |
|---|
| 7564 | |
|---|
| 7565 | |
|---|
| 7566 | |
|---|
| 7567 | |
|---|
| 7568 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7569 | |
|---|
| 7570 | |
|---|
| 7571 | |
|---|
| 7572 | |
|---|
| 7573 | |
|---|
| 7574 | |
|---|
| 7575 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7576 | |
|---|
| 7577 | |
|---|
| 7578 | |
|---|
| 7579 | |
|---|
| 7580 | |
|---|
| 7581 | |
|---|
| 7582 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'3d'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7583 | |
|---|
| 7584 | |
|---|
| 7585 | |
|---|
| 7586 | |
|---|
| 7587 | |
|---|
| 7588 | |
|---|
| 7589 | </td> |
|---|
| 7590 | |
|---|
| 7591 | |
|---|
| 7592 | |
|---|
| 7593 | |
|---|
| 7594 | |
|---|
| 7595 | |
|---|
| 7596 | |
|---|
| 7597 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">volume data<br> |
|---|
| 7598 | |
|---|
| 7599 | |
|---|
| 7600 | |
|---|
| 7601 | |
|---|
| 7602 | |
|---|
| 7603 | |
|---|
| 7604 | </td> |
|---|
| 7605 | |
|---|
| 7606 | |
|---|
| 7607 | |
|---|
| 7608 | |
|---|
| 7609 | |
|---|
| 7610 | |
|---|
| 7611 | |
|---|
| 7612 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7613 | |
|---|
| 7614 | |
|---|
| 7615 | |
|---|
| 7616 | |
|---|
| 7617 | |
|---|
| 7618 | |
|---|
| 7619 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7620 | |
|---|
| 7621 | |
|---|
| 7622 | |
|---|
| 7623 | |
|---|
| 7624 | |
|---|
| 7625 | |
|---|
| 7626 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'pr'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7627 | |
|---|
| 7628 | |
|---|
| 7629 | |
|---|
| 7630 | |
|---|
| 7631 | |
|---|
| 7632 | |
|---|
| 7633 | </td> |
|---|
| 7634 | |
|---|
| 7635 | |
|---|
| 7636 | |
|---|
| 7637 | |
|---|
| 7638 | |
|---|
| 7639 | |
|---|
| 7640 | |
|---|
| 7641 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical profiles<br> |
|---|
| 7642 | |
|---|
| 7643 | |
|---|
| 7644 | |
|---|
| 7645 | |
|---|
| 7646 | |
|---|
| 7647 | |
|---|
| 7648 | |
|---|
| 7649 | </td> |
|---|
| 7650 | |
|---|
| 7651 | |
|---|
| 7652 | |
|---|
| 7653 | |
|---|
| 7654 | |
|---|
| 7655 | |
|---|
| 7656 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7657 | |
|---|
| 7658 | |
|---|
| 7659 | |
|---|
| 7660 | |
|---|
| 7661 | |
|---|
| 7662 | |
|---|
| 7663 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7664 | |
|---|
| 7665 | |
|---|
| 7666 | |
|---|
| 7667 | |
|---|
| 7668 | |
|---|
| 7669 | |
|---|
| 7670 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'ts'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7671 | |
|---|
| 7672 | |
|---|
| 7673 | |
|---|
| 7674 | |
|---|
| 7675 | |
|---|
| 7676 | |
|---|
| 7677 | </td> |
|---|
| 7678 | |
|---|
| 7679 | |
|---|
| 7680 | |
|---|
| 7681 | |
|---|
| 7682 | |
|---|
| 7683 | |
|---|
| 7684 | |
|---|
| 7685 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">time series, particle |
|---|
| 7686 | time series<br> |
|---|
| 7687 | |
|---|
| 7688 | |
|---|
| 7689 | |
|---|
| 7690 | |
|---|
| 7691 | |
|---|
| 7692 | |
|---|
| 7693 | </td> |
|---|
| 7694 | |
|---|
| 7695 | |
|---|
| 7696 | |
|---|
| 7697 | |
|---|
| 7698 | |
|---|
| 7699 | |
|---|
| 7700 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7701 | |
|---|
| 7702 | |
|---|
| 7703 | |
|---|
| 7704 | |
|---|
| 7705 | |
|---|
| 7706 | |
|---|
| 7707 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7708 | |
|---|
| 7709 | |
|---|
| 7710 | |
|---|
| 7711 | |
|---|
| 7712 | |
|---|
| 7713 | |
|---|
| 7714 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'sp'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7715 | |
|---|
| 7716 | |
|---|
| 7717 | |
|---|
| 7718 | |
|---|
| 7719 | |
|---|
| 7720 | |
|---|
| 7721 | </td> |
|---|
| 7722 | |
|---|
| 7723 | |
|---|
| 7724 | |
|---|
| 7725 | |
|---|
| 7726 | |
|---|
| 7727 | |
|---|
| 7728 | |
|---|
| 7729 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">spectra<br> |
|---|
| 7730 | |
|---|
| 7731 | |
|---|
| 7732 | |
|---|
| 7733 | |
|---|
| 7734 | |
|---|
| 7735 | |
|---|
| 7736 | </td> |
|---|
| 7737 | |
|---|
| 7738 | |
|---|
| 7739 | |
|---|
| 7740 | |
|---|
| 7741 | |
|---|
| 7742 | |
|---|
| 7743 | |
|---|
| 7744 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7745 | |
|---|
| 7746 | |
|---|
| 7747 | |
|---|
| 7748 | |
|---|
| 7749 | |
|---|
| 7750 | |
|---|
| 7751 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7752 | |
|---|
| 7753 | |
|---|
| 7754 | |
|---|
| 7755 | |
|---|
| 7756 | |
|---|
| 7757 | |
|---|
| 7758 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'prt'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7759 | |
|---|
| 7760 | |
|---|
| 7761 | |
|---|
| 7762 | |
|---|
| 7763 | |
|---|
| 7764 | |
|---|
| 7765 | </td> |
|---|
| 7766 | |
|---|
| 7767 | |
|---|
| 7768 | |
|---|
| 7769 | |
|---|
| 7770 | |
|---|
| 7771 | |
|---|
| 7772 | |
|---|
| 7773 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">particles<br> |
|---|
| 7774 | |
|---|
| 7775 | |
|---|
| 7776 | |
|---|
| 7777 | |
|---|
| 7778 | |
|---|
| 7779 | |
|---|
| 7780 | </td> |
|---|
| 7781 | |
|---|
| 7782 | |
|---|
| 7783 | |
|---|
| 7784 | |
|---|
| 7785 | |
|---|
| 7786 | |
|---|
| 7787 | |
|---|
| 7788 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7789 | |
|---|
| 7790 | |
|---|
| 7791 | |
|---|
| 7792 | |
|---|
| 7793 | |
|---|
| 7794 | |
|---|
| 7795 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7796 | |
|---|
| 7797 | |
|---|
| 7798 | |
|---|
| 7799 | |
|---|
| 7800 | |
|---|
| 7801 | |
|---|
| 7802 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'all'</span><br> |
|---|
| 7803 | |
|---|
| 7804 | |
|---|
| 7805 | |
|---|
| 7806 | |
|---|
| 7807 | |
|---|
| 7808 | |
|---|
| 7809 | </td> |
|---|
| 7810 | |
|---|
| 7811 | |
|---|
| 7812 | |
|---|
| 7813 | |
|---|
| 7814 | |
|---|
| 7815 | |
|---|
| 7816 | |
|---|
| 7817 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">all output quantities<br> |
|---|
| 7818 | |
|---|
| 7819 | |
|---|
| 7820 | |
|---|
| 7821 | |
|---|
| 7822 | |
|---|
| 7823 | |
|---|
| 7824 | |
|---|
| 7825 | </td> |
|---|
| 7826 | |
|---|
| 7827 | |
|---|
| 7828 | |
|---|
| 7829 | |
|---|
| 7830 | |
|---|
| 7831 | |
|---|
| 7832 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7833 | |
|---|
| 7834 | |
|---|
| 7835 | |
|---|
| 7836 | |
|---|
| 7837 | |
|---|
| 7838 | |
|---|
| 7839 | |
|---|
| 7840 | |
|---|
| 7841 | |
|---|
| 7842 | |
|---|
| 7843 | |
|---|
| 7844 | |
|---|
| 7845 | |
|---|
| 7846 | </tbody> |
|---|
| 7847 | |
|---|
| 7848 | |
|---|
| 7849 | |
|---|
| 7850 | |
|---|
| 7851 | |
|---|
| 7852 | |
|---|
| 7853 | </table> |
|---|
| 7854 | |
|---|
| 7855 | |
|---|
| 7856 | |
|---|
| 7857 | |
|---|
| 7858 | |
|---|
| 7859 | |
|---|
| 7860 | <br> |
|---|
| 7861 | |
|---|
| 7862 | |
|---|
| 7863 | |
|---|
| 7864 | |
|---|
| 7865 | |
|---|
| 7866 | |
|---|
| 7867 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br> |
|---|
| 7868 | |
|---|
| 7869 | |
|---|
| 7870 | |
|---|
| 7871 | |
|---|
| 7872 | |
|---|
| 7873 | |
|---|
| 7874 | |
|---|
| 7875 | If all cross section data and the particle data shall be output in |
|---|
| 7876 | double precision and all other quantities in single precision, then <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'2d_NF90_REAL8'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'prt_NF90_REAL8'</span> |
|---|
| 7877 | has to be assigned.<br> |
|---|
| 7878 | |
|---|
| 7879 | |
|---|
| 7880 | |
|---|
| 7881 | |
|---|
| 7882 | |
|---|
| 7883 | |
|---|
| 7884 | </td> |
|---|
| 7885 | |
|---|
| 7886 | |
|---|
| 7887 | |
|---|
| 7888 | |
|---|
| 7889 | |
|---|
| 7890 | |
|---|
| 7891 | </tr> |
|---|
| 7892 | |
|---|
| 7893 | |
|---|
| 7894 | |
|---|
| 7895 | |
|---|
| 7896 | |
|---|
| 7897 | |
|---|
| 7898 | |
|---|
| 7899 | |
|---|
| 7900 | |
|---|
| 7901 | |
|---|
| 7902 | |
|---|
| 7903 | |
|---|
| 7904 | |
|---|
| 7905 | |
|---|
| 7906 | |
|---|
| 7907 | |
|---|
| 7908 | |
|---|
| 7909 | |
|---|
| 7910 | |
|---|
| 7911 | |
|---|
| 7912 | |
|---|
| 7913 | |
|---|
| 7914 | <tr> |
|---|
| 7915 | |
|---|
| 7916 | |
|---|
| 7917 | |
|---|
| 7918 | |
|---|
| 7919 | |
|---|
| 7920 | |
|---|
| 7921 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7922 | |
|---|
| 7923 | |
|---|
| 7924 | |
|---|
| 7925 | |
|---|
| 7926 | |
|---|
| 7927 | |
|---|
| 7928 | <p><a name="nsor_ini"></a><b>nsor_ini</b></p> |
|---|
| 7929 | |
|---|
| 7930 | |
|---|
| 7931 | |
|---|
| 7932 | |
|---|
| 7933 | |
|---|
| 7934 | |
|---|
| 7935 | |
|---|
| 7936 | </td> |
|---|
| 7937 | |
|---|
| 7938 | |
|---|
| 7939 | |
|---|
| 7940 | |
|---|
| 7941 | |
|---|
| 7942 | |
|---|
| 7943 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 7944 | |
|---|
| 7945 | |
|---|
| 7946 | |
|---|
| 7947 | |
|---|
| 7948 | |
|---|
| 7949 | |
|---|
| 7950 | |
|---|
| 7951 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100</i></td> |
|---|
| 7952 | |
|---|
| 7953 | |
|---|
| 7954 | |
|---|
| 7955 | |
|---|
| 7956 | |
|---|
| 7957 | |
|---|
| 7958 | |
|---|
| 7959 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 7960 | |
|---|
| 7961 | |
|---|
| 7962 | |
|---|
| 7963 | |
|---|
| 7964 | |
|---|
| 7965 | |
|---|
| 7966 | <p>Initial number |
|---|
| 7967 | of iterations with the SOR algorithm. </p> |
|---|
| 7968 | |
|---|
| 7969 | |
|---|
| 7970 | |
|---|
| 7971 | |
|---|
| 7972 | |
|---|
| 7973 | |
|---|
| 7974 | |
|---|
| 7975 | |
|---|
| 7976 | |
|---|
| 7977 | |
|---|
| 7978 | |
|---|
| 7979 | |
|---|
| 7980 | |
|---|
| 7981 | <p>This |
|---|
| 7982 | parameter is only effective if the SOR algorithm was |
|---|
| 7983 | selected as the pressure solver scheme (<a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a> |
|---|
| 7984 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'sor'</span>) |
|---|
| 7985 | and specifies the |
|---|
| 7986 | number of initial iterations of the SOR |
|---|
| 7987 | scheme (at t = 0). The number of subsequent iterations at the following |
|---|
| 7988 | timesteps is determined |
|---|
| 7989 | with the parameter <a href="#nsor">nsor</a>. |
|---|
| 7990 | Usually <b>nsor</b> < <b>nsor_ini</b>, |
|---|
| 7991 | since in each case |
|---|
| 7992 | subsequent calls to <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a> |
|---|
| 7993 | use the solution of the previous call as initial value. Suitable |
|---|
| 7994 | test runs should determine whether sufficient convergence of the |
|---|
| 7995 | solution is obtained with the default value and if necessary the value |
|---|
| 7996 | of <b>nsor_ini</b> should be changed.</p> |
|---|
| 7997 | |
|---|
| 7998 | |
|---|
| 7999 | |
|---|
| 8000 | |
|---|
| 8001 | |
|---|
| 8002 | |
|---|
| 8003 | </td> |
|---|
| 8004 | |
|---|
| 8005 | |
|---|
| 8006 | |
|---|
| 8007 | |
|---|
| 8008 | |
|---|
| 8009 | |
|---|
| 8010 | |
|---|
| 8011 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8012 | |
|---|
| 8013 | |
|---|
| 8014 | |
|---|
| 8015 | |
|---|
| 8016 | |
|---|
| 8017 | |
|---|
| 8018 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8019 | |
|---|
| 8020 | |
|---|
| 8021 | |
|---|
| 8022 | |
|---|
| 8023 | |
|---|
| 8024 | |
|---|
| 8025 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8026 | |
|---|
| 8027 | |
|---|
| 8028 | |
|---|
| 8029 | |
|---|
| 8030 | |
|---|
| 8031 | |
|---|
| 8032 | <p><a name="nx"></a><b>nx</b></p> |
|---|
| 8033 | |
|---|
| 8034 | |
|---|
| 8035 | |
|---|
| 8036 | |
|---|
| 8037 | |
|---|
| 8038 | |
|---|
| 8039 | |
|---|
| 8040 | </td> |
|---|
| 8041 | |
|---|
| 8042 | |
|---|
| 8043 | |
|---|
| 8044 | |
|---|
| 8045 | |
|---|
| 8046 | |
|---|
| 8047 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 8048 | |
|---|
| 8049 | |
|---|
| 8050 | |
|---|
| 8051 | |
|---|
| 8052 | |
|---|
| 8053 | |
|---|
| 8054 | |
|---|
| 8055 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 8056 | |
|---|
| 8057 | |
|---|
| 8058 | |
|---|
| 8059 | |
|---|
| 8060 | |
|---|
| 8061 | |
|---|
| 8062 | </td> |
|---|
| 8063 | |
|---|
| 8064 | |
|---|
| 8065 | |
|---|
| 8066 | |
|---|
| 8067 | |
|---|
| 8068 | |
|---|
| 8069 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8070 | |
|---|
| 8071 | |
|---|
| 8072 | |
|---|
| 8073 | |
|---|
| 8074 | |
|---|
| 8075 | |
|---|
| 8076 | <p>Number of grid |
|---|
| 8077 | points in x-direction. </p> |
|---|
| 8078 | |
|---|
| 8079 | |
|---|
| 8080 | |
|---|
| 8081 | |
|---|
| 8082 | |
|---|
| 8083 | |
|---|
| 8084 | |
|---|
| 8085 | |
|---|
| 8086 | |
|---|
| 8087 | |
|---|
| 8088 | |
|---|
| 8089 | |
|---|
| 8090 | |
|---|
| 8091 | <p>A value for this |
|---|
| 8092 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
|---|
| 8093 | array bound in PALM |
|---|
| 8094 | starts with i = 0, the actual number of grid points is equal to <b>nx+1</b>. |
|---|
| 8095 | In case of cyclic boundary conditions along x, the domain size is (<b>nx+1</b>)* |
|---|
| 8096 | <a href="#dx">dx</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 8097 | |
|---|
| 8098 | |
|---|
| 8099 | |
|---|
| 8100 | |
|---|
| 8101 | |
|---|
| 8102 | |
|---|
| 8103 | |
|---|
| 8104 | |
|---|
| 8105 | |
|---|
| 8106 | |
|---|
| 8107 | |
|---|
| 8108 | |
|---|
| 8109 | |
|---|
| 8110 | <p>For |
|---|
| 8111 | parallel runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
|---|
| 8112 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
|---|
| 8113 | <b>nx+1</b> must |
|---|
| 8114 | be an integral multiple |
|---|
| 8115 | of the processor numbers (see <a href="#npex">npex</a> |
|---|
| 8116 | and <a href="#npey">npey</a>) |
|---|
| 8117 | along x- as well as along y-direction (due to data |
|---|
| 8118 | transposition restrictions).</p> |
|---|
| 8119 | |
|---|
| 8120 | |
|---|
| 8121 | |
|---|
| 8122 | |
|---|
| 8123 | |
|---|
| 8124 | |
|---|
| 8125 | |
|---|
| 8126 | |
|---|
| 8127 | |
|---|
| 8128 | |
|---|
| 8129 | |
|---|
| 8130 | |
|---|
| 8131 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
|---|
| 8132 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
|---|
| 8133 | |
|---|
| 8134 | |
|---|
| 8135 | |
|---|
| 8136 | |
|---|
| 8137 | |
|---|
| 8138 | |
|---|
| 8139 | </td> |
|---|
| 8140 | |
|---|
| 8141 | |
|---|
| 8142 | |
|---|
| 8143 | |
|---|
| 8144 | |
|---|
| 8145 | |
|---|
| 8146 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8147 | |
|---|
| 8148 | |
|---|
| 8149 | |
|---|
| 8150 | |
|---|
| 8151 | |
|---|
| 8152 | |
|---|
| 8153 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8154 | |
|---|
| 8155 | |
|---|
| 8156 | |
|---|
| 8157 | |
|---|
| 8158 | |
|---|
| 8159 | |
|---|
| 8160 | |
|---|
| 8161 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8162 | |
|---|
| 8163 | |
|---|
| 8164 | |
|---|
| 8165 | |
|---|
| 8166 | |
|---|
| 8167 | |
|---|
| 8168 | <p><a name="ny"></a><b>ny</b></p> |
|---|
| 8169 | |
|---|
| 8170 | |
|---|
| 8171 | |
|---|
| 8172 | |
|---|
| 8173 | |
|---|
| 8174 | |
|---|
| 8175 | |
|---|
| 8176 | </td> |
|---|
| 8177 | |
|---|
| 8178 | |
|---|
| 8179 | |
|---|
| 8180 | |
|---|
| 8181 | |
|---|
| 8182 | |
|---|
| 8183 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 8184 | |
|---|
| 8185 | |
|---|
| 8186 | |
|---|
| 8187 | |
|---|
| 8188 | |
|---|
| 8189 | |
|---|
| 8190 | |
|---|
| 8191 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 8192 | |
|---|
| 8193 | |
|---|
| 8194 | |
|---|
| 8195 | |
|---|
| 8196 | |
|---|
| 8197 | |
|---|
| 8198 | </td> |
|---|
| 8199 | |
|---|
| 8200 | |
|---|
| 8201 | |
|---|
| 8202 | |
|---|
| 8203 | |
|---|
| 8204 | |
|---|
| 8205 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8206 | |
|---|
| 8207 | |
|---|
| 8208 | |
|---|
| 8209 | |
|---|
| 8210 | |
|---|
| 8211 | |
|---|
| 8212 | <p>Number of grid |
|---|
| 8213 | points in y-direction. </p> |
|---|
| 8214 | |
|---|
| 8215 | |
|---|
| 8216 | |
|---|
| 8217 | |
|---|
| 8218 | |
|---|
| 8219 | |
|---|
| 8220 | |
|---|
| 8221 | |
|---|
| 8222 | |
|---|
| 8223 | |
|---|
| 8224 | |
|---|
| 8225 | |
|---|
| 8226 | |
|---|
| 8227 | <p>A value for this |
|---|
| 8228 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
|---|
| 8229 | array bound in PALM starts with j = 0, the actual number of grid points |
|---|
| 8230 | is equal to <b>ny+1</b>. In case of cyclic boundary |
|---|
| 8231 | conditions along |
|---|
| 8232 | y, the domain size is (<b>ny+1</b>) * <a href="#dy">dy</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 8233 | |
|---|
| 8234 | |
|---|
| 8235 | |
|---|
| 8236 | |
|---|
| 8237 | |
|---|
| 8238 | |
|---|
| 8239 | |
|---|
| 8240 | |
|---|
| 8241 | |
|---|
| 8242 | |
|---|
| 8243 | |
|---|
| 8244 | |
|---|
| 8245 | |
|---|
| 8246 | <p>For parallel runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
|---|
| 8247 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
|---|
| 8248 | <b>ny+1</b> must |
|---|
| 8249 | be an integral multiple |
|---|
| 8250 | of the processor numbers (see <a href="#npex">npex</a> |
|---|
| 8251 | and <a href="#npey">npey</a>) |
|---|
| 8252 | along y- as well as along x-direction (due to data |
|---|
| 8253 | transposition restrictions).</p> |
|---|
| 8254 | |
|---|
| 8255 | |
|---|
| 8256 | |
|---|
| 8257 | |
|---|
| 8258 | |
|---|
| 8259 | |
|---|
| 8260 | |
|---|
| 8261 | |
|---|
| 8262 | |
|---|
| 8263 | |
|---|
| 8264 | |
|---|
| 8265 | |
|---|
| 8266 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
|---|
| 8267 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
|---|
| 8268 | |
|---|
| 8269 | |
|---|
| 8270 | |
|---|
| 8271 | |
|---|
| 8272 | |
|---|
| 8273 | |
|---|
| 8274 | </td> |
|---|
| 8275 | |
|---|
| 8276 | |
|---|
| 8277 | |
|---|
| 8278 | |
|---|
| 8279 | |
|---|
| 8280 | |
|---|
| 8281 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8282 | |
|---|
| 8283 | |
|---|
| 8284 | |
|---|
| 8285 | |
|---|
| 8286 | |
|---|
| 8287 | |
|---|
| 8288 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8289 | |
|---|
| 8290 | |
|---|
| 8291 | |
|---|
| 8292 | |
|---|
| 8293 | |
|---|
| 8294 | |
|---|
| 8295 | |
|---|
| 8296 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8297 | |
|---|
| 8298 | |
|---|
| 8299 | |
|---|
| 8300 | |
|---|
| 8301 | |
|---|
| 8302 | |
|---|
| 8303 | <p><a name="nz"></a><b>nz</b></p> |
|---|
| 8304 | |
|---|
| 8305 | |
|---|
| 8306 | |
|---|
| 8307 | |
|---|
| 8308 | |
|---|
| 8309 | |
|---|
| 8310 | |
|---|
| 8311 | </td> |
|---|
| 8312 | |
|---|
| 8313 | |
|---|
| 8314 | |
|---|
| 8315 | |
|---|
| 8316 | |
|---|
| 8317 | |
|---|
| 8318 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 8319 | |
|---|
| 8320 | |
|---|
| 8321 | |
|---|
| 8322 | |
|---|
| 8323 | |
|---|
| 8324 | |
|---|
| 8325 | |
|---|
| 8326 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
|---|
| 8327 | |
|---|
| 8328 | |
|---|
| 8329 | |
|---|
| 8330 | |
|---|
| 8331 | |
|---|
| 8332 | |
|---|
| 8333 | </td> |
|---|
| 8334 | |
|---|
| 8335 | |
|---|
| 8336 | |
|---|
| 8337 | |
|---|
| 8338 | |
|---|
| 8339 | |
|---|
| 8340 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8341 | |
|---|
| 8342 | |
|---|
| 8343 | |
|---|
| 8344 | |
|---|
| 8345 | |
|---|
| 8346 | |
|---|
| 8347 | <p>Number of grid |
|---|
| 8348 | points in z-direction. </p> |
|---|
| 8349 | |
|---|
| 8350 | |
|---|
| 8351 | |
|---|
| 8352 | |
|---|
| 8353 | |
|---|
| 8354 | |
|---|
| 8355 | |
|---|
| 8356 | |
|---|
| 8357 | |
|---|
| 8358 | |
|---|
| 8359 | |
|---|
| 8360 | |
|---|
| 8361 | |
|---|
| 8362 | <p>A value for this |
|---|
| 8363 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
|---|
| 8364 | array bound in PALM |
|---|
| 8365 | starts with k = 0 and since one additional grid point is added at the |
|---|
| 8366 | top boundary (k = <b>nz+1</b>), the actual number of grid |
|---|
| 8367 | points is <b>nz+2</b>. |
|---|
| 8368 | However, the prognostic equations are only solved up to <b>nz</b> |
|---|
| 8369 | (u, |
|---|
| 8370 | v) |
|---|
| 8371 | or up to <b>nz-1</b> (w, scalar quantities). The top |
|---|
| 8372 | boundary for u |
|---|
| 8373 | and v is at k = <b>nz+1</b> (u, v) while at k = <b>nz</b> |
|---|
| 8374 | for all |
|---|
| 8375 | other quantities. </p> |
|---|
| 8376 | |
|---|
| 8377 | |
|---|
| 8378 | |
|---|
| 8379 | |
|---|
| 8380 | |
|---|
| 8381 | |
|---|
| 8382 | |
|---|
| 8383 | |
|---|
| 8384 | |
|---|
| 8385 | |
|---|
| 8386 | |
|---|
| 8387 | |
|---|
| 8388 | |
|---|
| 8389 | <p>For parallel |
|---|
| 8390 | runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
|---|
| 8391 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
|---|
| 8392 | <b>nz</b> must |
|---|
| 8393 | be an integral multiple of |
|---|
| 8394 | the number of processors in x-direction (due to data transposition |
|---|
| 8395 | restrictions).</p> |
|---|
| 8396 | |
|---|
| 8397 | |
|---|
| 8398 | |
|---|
| 8399 | |
|---|
| 8400 | |
|---|
| 8401 | |
|---|
| 8402 | </td> |
|---|
| 8403 | |
|---|
| 8404 | |
|---|
| 8405 | |
|---|
| 8406 | |
|---|
| 8407 | |
|---|
| 8408 | |
|---|
| 8409 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8410 | |
|---|
| 8411 | |
|---|
| 8412 | |
|---|
| 8413 | |
|---|
| 8414 | |
|---|
| 8415 | |
|---|
| 8416 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8417 | |
|---|
| 8418 | |
|---|
| 8419 | |
|---|
| 8420 | |
|---|
| 8421 | |
|---|
| 8422 | |
|---|
| 8423 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="ocean"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span></td> |
|---|
| 8424 | |
|---|
| 8425 | |
|---|
| 8426 | |
|---|
| 8427 | |
|---|
| 8428 | |
|---|
| 8429 | |
|---|
| 8430 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 8431 | |
|---|
| 8432 | |
|---|
| 8433 | |
|---|
| 8434 | |
|---|
| 8435 | |
|---|
| 8436 | |
|---|
| 8437 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 8438 | |
|---|
| 8439 | |
|---|
| 8440 | |
|---|
| 8441 | |
|---|
| 8442 | |
|---|
| 8443 | |
|---|
| 8444 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on ocean runs.<br> |
|---|
| 8445 | |
|---|
| 8446 | |
|---|
| 8447 | |
|---|
| 8448 | |
|---|
| 8449 | |
|---|
| 8450 | |
|---|
| 8451 | <br> |
|---|
| 8452 | |
|---|
| 8453 | |
|---|
| 8454 | |
|---|
| 8455 | |
|---|
| 8456 | |
|---|
| 8457 | |
|---|
| 8458 | By default PALM is configured to simulate atmospheric flows. However, starting from version 3.3, <span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> allows simulation of ocean turbulent flows. Setting this switch has several effects:<br> |
|---|
| 8459 | |
|---|
| 8460 | |
|---|
| 8461 | |
|---|
| 8462 | |
|---|
| 8463 | |
|---|
| 8464 | |
|---|
| 8465 | <br> |
|---|
| 8466 | |
|---|
| 8467 | |
|---|
| 8468 | |
|---|
| 8469 | |
|---|
| 8470 | |
|---|
| 8471 | |
|---|
| 8472 | |
|---|
| 8473 | |
|---|
| 8474 | |
|---|
| 8475 | |
|---|
| 8476 | |
|---|
| 8477 | |
|---|
| 8478 | <ul> |
|---|
| 8479 | |
|---|
| 8480 | |
|---|
| 8481 | |
|---|
| 8482 | |
|---|
| 8483 | |
|---|
| 8484 | |
|---|
| 8485 | <li>An additional prognostic equation for salinity is solved.</li> |
|---|
| 8486 | |
|---|
| 8487 | |
|---|
| 8488 | |
|---|
| 8489 | |
|---|
| 8490 | |
|---|
| 8491 | |
|---|
| 8492 | <li>Potential temperature in buoyancy and stability-related terms is replaced by potential density.</li> |
|---|
| 8493 | |
|---|
| 8494 | |
|---|
| 8495 | |
|---|
| 8496 | |
|---|
| 8497 | |
|---|
| 8498 | |
|---|
| 8499 | <li>Potential |
|---|
| 8500 | density is calculated from the equation of state for seawater after |
|---|
| 8501 | each timestep, using the algorithm proposed by Jackett et al. (2006, J. |
|---|
| 8502 | Atmos. Oceanic Technol., <span style="font-weight: bold;">23</span>, 1709-1728).<br> |
|---|
| 8503 | |
|---|
| 8504 | |
|---|
| 8505 | |
|---|
| 8506 | |
|---|
| 8507 | |
|---|
| 8508 | |
|---|
| 8509 | So far, only the initial hydrostatic pressure is entered into this equation.</li> |
|---|
| 8510 | |
|---|
| 8511 | |
|---|
| 8512 | |
|---|
| 8513 | |
|---|
| 8514 | |
|---|
| 8515 | |
|---|
| 8516 | <li>z=0 (sea surface) is assumed at the model top (vertical grid index <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">k=nzt</span> on the w-grid), with negative values of z indicating the depth.</li> |
|---|
| 8517 | |
|---|
| 8518 | |
|---|
| 8519 | |
|---|
| 8520 | |
|---|
| 8521 | |
|---|
| 8522 | |
|---|
| 8523 | <li>Initial profiles are constructed (e.g. from <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> / <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>) starting from the sea surface, using surface values given by <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>, and <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>.</li> |
|---|
| 8524 | |
|---|
| 8525 | |
|---|
| 8526 | |
|---|
| 8527 | |
|---|
| 8528 | |
|---|
| 8529 | |
|---|
| 8530 | <li>Zero salinity flux is used as default boundary condition at the bottom of the sea.</li> |
|---|
| 8531 | |
|---|
| 8532 | |
|---|
| 8533 | |
|---|
| 8534 | |
|---|
| 8535 | |
|---|
| 8536 | |
|---|
| 8537 | <li>If switched on, random perturbations are by default imposed to the upper model domain from zu(nzt*2/3) to zu(nzt-3).</li> |
|---|
| 8538 | |
|---|
| 8539 | |
|---|
| 8540 | |
|---|
| 8541 | |
|---|
| 8542 | |
|---|
| 8543 | |
|---|
| 8544 | |
|---|
| 8545 | |
|---|
| 8546 | |
|---|
| 8547 | |
|---|
| 8548 | |
|---|
| 8549 | |
|---|
| 8550 | </ul> |
|---|
| 8551 | |
|---|
| 8552 | |
|---|
| 8553 | |
|---|
| 8554 | |
|---|
| 8555 | |
|---|
| 8556 | |
|---|
| 8557 | <br> |
|---|
| 8558 | |
|---|
| 8559 | |
|---|
| 8560 | |
|---|
| 8561 | |
|---|
| 8562 | |
|---|
| 8563 | |
|---|
| 8564 | Relevant parameters to be exclusively used for steering ocean runs are <a href="#bc_sa_t">bc_sa_t</a>, <a href="#bottom_salinityflux">bottom_salinityflux</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>, and <a href="#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 8565 | |
|---|
| 8566 | |
|---|
| 8567 | |
|---|
| 8568 | |
|---|
| 8569 | |
|---|
| 8570 | |
|---|
| 8571 | <br> |
|---|
| 8572 | |
|---|
| 8573 | |
|---|
| 8574 | |
|---|
| 8575 | |
|---|
| 8576 | |
|---|
| 8577 | |
|---|
| 8578 | Section <a href="chapter_4.2.2.html">4.4.2</a> gives an example for appropriate settings of these and other parameters neccessary for ocean runs.<br> |
|---|
| 8579 | |
|---|
| 8580 | |
|---|
| 8581 | |
|---|
| 8582 | |
|---|
| 8583 | |
|---|
| 8584 | |
|---|
| 8585 | <br> |
|---|
| 8586 | |
|---|
| 8587 | |
|---|
| 8588 | |
|---|
| 8589 | |
|---|
| 8590 | |
|---|
| 8591 | |
|---|
| 8592 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> does not allow settings of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> as well as <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span>.<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br> |
|---|
| 8593 | |
|---|
| 8594 | |
|---|
| 8595 | |
|---|
| 8596 | </td> |
|---|
| 8597 | |
|---|
| 8598 | |
|---|
| 8599 | |
|---|
| 8600 | |
|---|
| 8601 | |
|---|
| 8602 | |
|---|
| 8603 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8604 | |
|---|
| 8605 | |
|---|
| 8606 | |
|---|
| 8607 | |
|---|
| 8608 | |
|---|
| 8609 | |
|---|
| 8610 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8611 | |
|---|
| 8612 | |
|---|
| 8613 | |
|---|
| 8614 | |
|---|
| 8615 | |
|---|
| 8616 | |
|---|
| 8617 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8618 | |
|---|
| 8619 | |
|---|
| 8620 | |
|---|
| 8621 | |
|---|
| 8622 | |
|---|
| 8623 | |
|---|
| 8624 | <p><a name="omega"></a><b>omega</b></p> |
|---|
| 8625 | |
|---|
| 8626 | |
|---|
| 8627 | |
|---|
| 8628 | |
|---|
| 8629 | |
|---|
| 8630 | |
|---|
| 8631 | |
|---|
| 8632 | </td> |
|---|
| 8633 | |
|---|
| 8634 | |
|---|
| 8635 | |
|---|
| 8636 | |
|---|
| 8637 | |
|---|
| 8638 | |
|---|
| 8639 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 8640 | |
|---|
| 8641 | |
|---|
| 8642 | |
|---|
| 8643 | |
|---|
| 8644 | |
|---|
| 8645 | |
|---|
| 8646 | |
|---|
| 8647 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>7.29212E-5</i></td> |
|---|
| 8648 | |
|---|
| 8649 | |
|---|
| 8650 | |
|---|
| 8651 | |
|---|
| 8652 | |
|---|
| 8653 | |
|---|
| 8654 | |
|---|
| 8655 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8656 | |
|---|
| 8657 | |
|---|
| 8658 | |
|---|
| 8659 | |
|---|
| 8660 | |
|---|
| 8661 | |
|---|
| 8662 | <p>Angular |
|---|
| 8663 | velocity of the rotating system (in rad s<sup>-1</sup>). |
|---|
| 8664 | </p> |
|---|
| 8665 | |
|---|
| 8666 | |
|---|
| 8667 | |
|---|
| 8668 | |
|---|
| 8669 | |
|---|
| 8670 | |
|---|
| 8671 | |
|---|
| 8672 | |
|---|
| 8673 | |
|---|
| 8674 | |
|---|
| 8675 | |
|---|
| 8676 | |
|---|
| 8677 | |
|---|
| 8678 | <p>The angular velocity of the earth is set by |
|---|
| 8679 | default. The |
|---|
| 8680 | values |
|---|
| 8681 | of the Coriolis parameters are calculated as: </p> |
|---|
| 8682 | |
|---|
| 8683 | |
|---|
| 8684 | |
|---|
| 8685 | |
|---|
| 8686 | |
|---|
| 8687 | |
|---|
| 8688 | |
|---|
| 8689 | |
|---|
| 8690 | |
|---|
| 8691 | |
|---|
| 8692 | |
|---|
| 8693 | |
|---|
| 8694 | |
|---|
| 8695 | <ul> |
|---|
| 8696 | |
|---|
| 8697 | |
|---|
| 8698 | |
|---|
| 8699 | |
|---|
| 8700 | |
|---|
| 8701 | |
|---|
| 8702 | |
|---|
| 8703 | |
|---|
| 8704 | |
|---|
| 8705 | |
|---|
| 8706 | |
|---|
| 8707 | |
|---|
| 8708 | |
|---|
| 8709 | <p>f = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * sin(<a href="#phi">phi</a>) |
|---|
| 8710 | <br> |
|---|
| 8711 | |
|---|
| 8712 | |
|---|
| 8713 | |
|---|
| 8714 | |
|---|
| 8715 | |
|---|
| 8716 | |
|---|
| 8717 | f* = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * cos(<a href="#phi">phi</a>)</p> |
|---|
| 8718 | |
|---|
| 8719 | |
|---|
| 8720 | |
|---|
| 8721 | |
|---|
| 8722 | |
|---|
| 8723 | |
|---|
| 8724 | |
|---|
| 8725 | |
|---|
| 8726 | |
|---|
| 8727 | |
|---|
| 8728 | |
|---|
| 8729 | |
|---|
| 8730 | |
|---|
| 8731 | </ul> |
|---|
| 8732 | |
|---|
| 8733 | |
|---|
| 8734 | |
|---|
| 8735 | |
|---|
| 8736 | |
|---|
| 8737 | |
|---|
| 8738 | </td> |
|---|
| 8739 | |
|---|
| 8740 | |
|---|
| 8741 | |
|---|
| 8742 | |
|---|
| 8743 | |
|---|
| 8744 | |
|---|
| 8745 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8746 | |
|---|
| 8747 | |
|---|
| 8748 | |
|---|
| 8749 | |
|---|
| 8750 | |
|---|
| 8751 | |
|---|
| 8752 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8753 | |
|---|
| 8754 | |
|---|
| 8755 | |
|---|
| 8756 | |
|---|
| 8757 | |
|---|
| 8758 | |
|---|
| 8759 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8760 | |
|---|
| 8761 | |
|---|
| 8762 | |
|---|
| 8763 | |
|---|
| 8764 | |
|---|
| 8765 | |
|---|
| 8766 | <p><a name="outflow_damping_width"></a><b>outflow_damping_width</b></p> |
|---|
| 8767 | |
|---|
| 8768 | |
|---|
| 8769 | |
|---|
| 8770 | |
|---|
| 8771 | |
|---|
| 8772 | |
|---|
| 8773 | |
|---|
| 8774 | </td> |
|---|
| 8775 | |
|---|
| 8776 | |
|---|
| 8777 | |
|---|
| 8778 | |
|---|
| 8779 | |
|---|
| 8780 | |
|---|
| 8781 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 8782 | |
|---|
| 8783 | |
|---|
| 8784 | |
|---|
| 8785 | |
|---|
| 8786 | |
|---|
| 8787 | |
|---|
| 8788 | |
|---|
| 8789 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(20, |
|---|
| 8790 | nx/2</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">ny/2)</span></td> |
|---|
| 8791 | |
|---|
| 8792 | |
|---|
| 8793 | |
|---|
| 8794 | |
|---|
| 8795 | |
|---|
| 8796 | |
|---|
| 8797 | |
|---|
| 8798 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Width of |
|---|
| 8799 | the damping range in the vicinity of the outflow (gridpoints).<br> |
|---|
| 8800 | |
|---|
| 8801 | |
|---|
| 8802 | |
|---|
| 8803 | |
|---|
| 8804 | |
|---|
| 8805 | |
|---|
| 8806 | |
|---|
| 8807 | <br> |
|---|
| 8808 | |
|---|
| 8809 | |
|---|
| 8810 | |
|---|
| 8811 | |
|---|
| 8812 | |
|---|
| 8813 | |
|---|
| 8814 | |
|---|
| 8815 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 8816 | or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
|---|
| 8817 | a smoothing has to be applied to the |
|---|
| 8818 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
|---|
| 8819 | reflections of outgoing disturbances. This parameter controlls the |
|---|
| 8820 | horizontal range to which the smoothing is applied. The range is given |
|---|
| 8821 | in gridpoints counted from the respective outflow boundary. For further |
|---|
| 8822 | details about the smoothing see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_damp_max">km_damp_max</a>, |
|---|
| 8823 | which defines the magnitude of the damping.</td> |
|---|
| 8824 | |
|---|
| 8825 | |
|---|
| 8826 | |
|---|
| 8827 | |
|---|
| 8828 | |
|---|
| 8829 | |
|---|
| 8830 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8831 | |
|---|
| 8832 | |
|---|
| 8833 | |
|---|
| 8834 | |
|---|
| 8835 | |
|---|
| 8836 | |
|---|
| 8837 | |
|---|
| 8838 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8839 | |
|---|
| 8840 | |
|---|
| 8841 | |
|---|
| 8842 | |
|---|
| 8843 | |
|---|
| 8844 | |
|---|
| 8845 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8846 | |
|---|
| 8847 | |
|---|
| 8848 | |
|---|
| 8849 | |
|---|
| 8850 | |
|---|
| 8851 | |
|---|
| 8852 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_e"></a><b>overshoot_limit_e</b></p> |
|---|
| 8853 | |
|---|
| 8854 | |
|---|
| 8855 | |
|---|
| 8856 | |
|---|
| 8857 | |
|---|
| 8858 | |
|---|
| 8859 | |
|---|
| 8860 | </td> |
|---|
| 8861 | |
|---|
| 8862 | |
|---|
| 8863 | |
|---|
| 8864 | |
|---|
| 8865 | |
|---|
| 8866 | |
|---|
| 8867 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 8868 | |
|---|
| 8869 | |
|---|
| 8870 | |
|---|
| 8871 | |
|---|
| 8872 | |
|---|
| 8873 | |
|---|
| 8874 | |
|---|
| 8875 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 8876 | |
|---|
| 8877 | |
|---|
| 8878 | |
|---|
| 8879 | |
|---|
| 8880 | |
|---|
| 8881 | |
|---|
| 8882 | |
|---|
| 8883 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8884 | |
|---|
| 8885 | |
|---|
| 8886 | |
|---|
| 8887 | |
|---|
| 8888 | |
|---|
| 8889 | |
|---|
| 8890 | <p>Allowed limit |
|---|
| 8891 | for the overshooting of subgrid-scale TKE in |
|---|
| 8892 | case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>). |
|---|
| 8893 | </p> |
|---|
| 8894 | |
|---|
| 8895 | |
|---|
| 8896 | |
|---|
| 8897 | |
|---|
| 8898 | |
|---|
| 8899 | |
|---|
| 8900 | |
|---|
| 8901 | |
|---|
| 8902 | |
|---|
| 8903 | |
|---|
| 8904 | |
|---|
| 8905 | |
|---|
| 8906 | |
|---|
| 8907 | <p>By deafult, if cut-off of overshoots is switched |
|---|
| 8908 | on for the |
|---|
| 8909 | upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>), |
|---|
| 8910 | no overshoots are permitted at all. If <b>overshoot_limit_e</b> |
|---|
| 8911 | is given a non-zero value, overshoots with the respective |
|---|
| 8912 | amplitude (both upward and downward) are allowed. </p> |
|---|
| 8913 | |
|---|
| 8914 | |
|---|
| 8915 | |
|---|
| 8916 | |
|---|
| 8917 | |
|---|
| 8918 | |
|---|
| 8919 | |
|---|
| 8920 | |
|---|
| 8921 | |
|---|
| 8922 | |
|---|
| 8923 | |
|---|
| 8924 | |
|---|
| 8925 | |
|---|
| 8926 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_e</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 8927 | |
|---|
| 8928 | |
|---|
| 8929 | |
|---|
| 8930 | |
|---|
| 8931 | |
|---|
| 8932 | |
|---|
| 8933 | |
|---|
| 8934 | </td> |
|---|
| 8935 | |
|---|
| 8936 | |
|---|
| 8937 | |
|---|
| 8938 | |
|---|
| 8939 | |
|---|
| 8940 | |
|---|
| 8941 | </tr> |
|---|
| 8942 | |
|---|
| 8943 | |
|---|
| 8944 | |
|---|
| 8945 | |
|---|
| 8946 | |
|---|
| 8947 | |
|---|
| 8948 | <tr> |
|---|
| 8949 | |
|---|
| 8950 | |
|---|
| 8951 | |
|---|
| 8952 | |
|---|
| 8953 | |
|---|
| 8954 | |
|---|
| 8955 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8956 | |
|---|
| 8957 | |
|---|
| 8958 | |
|---|
| 8959 | |
|---|
| 8960 | |
|---|
| 8961 | |
|---|
| 8962 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_pt"></a><b>overshoot_limit_pt</b></p> |
|---|
| 8963 | |
|---|
| 8964 | |
|---|
| 8965 | |
|---|
| 8966 | |
|---|
| 8967 | |
|---|
| 8968 | |
|---|
| 8969 | |
|---|
| 8970 | </td> |
|---|
| 8971 | |
|---|
| 8972 | |
|---|
| 8973 | |
|---|
| 8974 | |
|---|
| 8975 | |
|---|
| 8976 | |
|---|
| 8977 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 8978 | |
|---|
| 8979 | |
|---|
| 8980 | |
|---|
| 8981 | |
|---|
| 8982 | |
|---|
| 8983 | |
|---|
| 8984 | |
|---|
| 8985 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 8986 | |
|---|
| 8987 | |
|---|
| 8988 | |
|---|
| 8989 | |
|---|
| 8990 | |
|---|
| 8991 | |
|---|
| 8992 | |
|---|
| 8993 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 8994 | |
|---|
| 8995 | |
|---|
| 8996 | |
|---|
| 8997 | |
|---|
| 8998 | |
|---|
| 8999 | |
|---|
| 9000 | <p>Allowed limit |
|---|
| 9001 | for the overshooting of potential temperature in |
|---|
| 9002 | case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in K). </p> |
|---|
| 9003 | |
|---|
| 9004 | |
|---|
| 9005 | |
|---|
| 9006 | |
|---|
| 9007 | |
|---|
| 9008 | |
|---|
| 9009 | |
|---|
| 9010 | |
|---|
| 9011 | |
|---|
| 9012 | |
|---|
| 9013 | |
|---|
| 9014 | |
|---|
| 9015 | |
|---|
| 9016 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
|---|
| 9017 | </p> |
|---|
| 9018 | |
|---|
| 9019 | |
|---|
| 9020 | |
|---|
| 9021 | |
|---|
| 9022 | |
|---|
| 9023 | |
|---|
| 9024 | |
|---|
| 9025 | |
|---|
| 9026 | |
|---|
| 9027 | |
|---|
| 9028 | |
|---|
| 9029 | |
|---|
| 9030 | |
|---|
| 9031 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_pt</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 9032 | |
|---|
| 9033 | |
|---|
| 9034 | |
|---|
| 9035 | |
|---|
| 9036 | |
|---|
| 9037 | |
|---|
| 9038 | |
|---|
| 9039 | </td> |
|---|
| 9040 | |
|---|
| 9041 | |
|---|
| 9042 | |
|---|
| 9043 | |
|---|
| 9044 | |
|---|
| 9045 | |
|---|
| 9046 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9047 | |
|---|
| 9048 | |
|---|
| 9049 | |
|---|
| 9050 | |
|---|
| 9051 | |
|---|
| 9052 | |
|---|
| 9053 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9054 | |
|---|
| 9055 | |
|---|
| 9056 | |
|---|
| 9057 | |
|---|
| 9058 | |
|---|
| 9059 | |
|---|
| 9060 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9061 | |
|---|
| 9062 | |
|---|
| 9063 | |
|---|
| 9064 | |
|---|
| 9065 | |
|---|
| 9066 | |
|---|
| 9067 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_u"></a><b>overshoot_limit_u</b></p> |
|---|
| 9068 | |
|---|
| 9069 | |
|---|
| 9070 | |
|---|
| 9071 | |
|---|
| 9072 | |
|---|
| 9073 | |
|---|
| 9074 | |
|---|
| 9075 | </td> |
|---|
| 9076 | |
|---|
| 9077 | |
|---|
| 9078 | |
|---|
| 9079 | |
|---|
| 9080 | |
|---|
| 9081 | |
|---|
| 9082 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 9083 | |
|---|
| 9084 | |
|---|
| 9085 | |
|---|
| 9086 | |
|---|
| 9087 | |
|---|
| 9088 | |
|---|
| 9089 | |
|---|
| 9090 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 9091 | |
|---|
| 9092 | |
|---|
| 9093 | |
|---|
| 9094 | |
|---|
| 9095 | |
|---|
| 9096 | |
|---|
| 9097 | |
|---|
| 9098 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Allowed limit for the |
|---|
| 9099 | overshooting of |
|---|
| 9100 | the u-component of velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is |
|---|
| 9101 | switched on (in m/s). |
|---|
| 9102 | |
|---|
| 9103 | |
|---|
| 9104 | |
|---|
| 9105 | |
|---|
| 9106 | |
|---|
| 9107 | |
|---|
| 9108 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
|---|
| 9109 | </p> |
|---|
| 9110 | |
|---|
| 9111 | |
|---|
| 9112 | |
|---|
| 9113 | |
|---|
| 9114 | |
|---|
| 9115 | |
|---|
| 9116 | |
|---|
| 9117 | |
|---|
| 9118 | |
|---|
| 9119 | |
|---|
| 9120 | |
|---|
| 9121 | |
|---|
| 9122 | |
|---|
| 9123 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_u</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 9124 | |
|---|
| 9125 | |
|---|
| 9126 | |
|---|
| 9127 | |
|---|
| 9128 | |
|---|
| 9129 | |
|---|
| 9130 | |
|---|
| 9131 | </td> |
|---|
| 9132 | |
|---|
| 9133 | |
|---|
| 9134 | |
|---|
| 9135 | |
|---|
| 9136 | |
|---|
| 9137 | |
|---|
| 9138 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9139 | |
|---|
| 9140 | |
|---|
| 9141 | |
|---|
| 9142 | |
|---|
| 9143 | |
|---|
| 9144 | |
|---|
| 9145 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9146 | |
|---|
| 9147 | |
|---|
| 9148 | |
|---|
| 9149 | |
|---|
| 9150 | |
|---|
| 9151 | |
|---|
| 9152 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9153 | |
|---|
| 9154 | |
|---|
| 9155 | |
|---|
| 9156 | |
|---|
| 9157 | |
|---|
| 9158 | |
|---|
| 9159 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_v"></a><b>overshoot_limit_v</b></p> |
|---|
| 9160 | |
|---|
| 9161 | |
|---|
| 9162 | |
|---|
| 9163 | |
|---|
| 9164 | |
|---|
| 9165 | |
|---|
| 9166 | |
|---|
| 9167 | </td> |
|---|
| 9168 | |
|---|
| 9169 | |
|---|
| 9170 | |
|---|
| 9171 | |
|---|
| 9172 | |
|---|
| 9173 | |
|---|
| 9174 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 9175 | |
|---|
| 9176 | |
|---|
| 9177 | |
|---|
| 9178 | |
|---|
| 9179 | |
|---|
| 9180 | |
|---|
| 9181 | |
|---|
| 9182 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 9183 | |
|---|
| 9184 | |
|---|
| 9185 | |
|---|
| 9186 | |
|---|
| 9187 | |
|---|
| 9188 | |
|---|
| 9189 | |
|---|
| 9190 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9191 | |
|---|
| 9192 | |
|---|
| 9193 | |
|---|
| 9194 | |
|---|
| 9195 | |
|---|
| 9196 | |
|---|
| 9197 | <p>Allowed limit |
|---|
| 9198 | for the overshooting of the v-component of |
|---|
| 9199 | velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on |
|---|
| 9200 | (in m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 9201 | |
|---|
| 9202 | |
|---|
| 9203 | |
|---|
| 9204 | |
|---|
| 9205 | |
|---|
| 9206 | |
|---|
| 9207 | |
|---|
| 9208 | |
|---|
| 9209 | |
|---|
| 9210 | |
|---|
| 9211 | |
|---|
| 9212 | |
|---|
| 9213 | |
|---|
| 9214 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
|---|
| 9215 | </p> |
|---|
| 9216 | |
|---|
| 9217 | |
|---|
| 9218 | |
|---|
| 9219 | |
|---|
| 9220 | |
|---|
| 9221 | |
|---|
| 9222 | |
|---|
| 9223 | |
|---|
| 9224 | |
|---|
| 9225 | |
|---|
| 9226 | |
|---|
| 9227 | |
|---|
| 9228 | |
|---|
| 9229 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_v</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 9230 | |
|---|
| 9231 | |
|---|
| 9232 | |
|---|
| 9233 | |
|---|
| 9234 | |
|---|
| 9235 | |
|---|
| 9236 | |
|---|
| 9237 | </td> |
|---|
| 9238 | |
|---|
| 9239 | |
|---|
| 9240 | |
|---|
| 9241 | |
|---|
| 9242 | |
|---|
| 9243 | |
|---|
| 9244 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9245 | |
|---|
| 9246 | |
|---|
| 9247 | |
|---|
| 9248 | |
|---|
| 9249 | |
|---|
| 9250 | |
|---|
| 9251 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9252 | |
|---|
| 9253 | |
|---|
| 9254 | |
|---|
| 9255 | |
|---|
| 9256 | |
|---|
| 9257 | |
|---|
| 9258 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9259 | |
|---|
| 9260 | |
|---|
| 9261 | |
|---|
| 9262 | |
|---|
| 9263 | |
|---|
| 9264 | |
|---|
| 9265 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_w"></a><b>overshoot_limit_w</b></p> |
|---|
| 9266 | |
|---|
| 9267 | |
|---|
| 9268 | |
|---|
| 9269 | |
|---|
| 9270 | |
|---|
| 9271 | |
|---|
| 9272 | |
|---|
| 9273 | </td> |
|---|
| 9274 | |
|---|
| 9275 | |
|---|
| 9276 | |
|---|
| 9277 | |
|---|
| 9278 | |
|---|
| 9279 | |
|---|
| 9280 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 9281 | |
|---|
| 9282 | |
|---|
| 9283 | |
|---|
| 9284 | |
|---|
| 9285 | |
|---|
| 9286 | |
|---|
| 9287 | |
|---|
| 9288 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 9289 | |
|---|
| 9290 | |
|---|
| 9291 | |
|---|
| 9292 | |
|---|
| 9293 | |
|---|
| 9294 | |
|---|
| 9295 | |
|---|
| 9296 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9297 | |
|---|
| 9298 | |
|---|
| 9299 | |
|---|
| 9300 | |
|---|
| 9301 | |
|---|
| 9302 | |
|---|
| 9303 | <p>Allowed limit |
|---|
| 9304 | for the overshooting of the w-component of |
|---|
| 9305 | velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on |
|---|
| 9306 | (in m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 9307 | |
|---|
| 9308 | |
|---|
| 9309 | |
|---|
| 9310 | |
|---|
| 9311 | |
|---|
| 9312 | |
|---|
| 9313 | |
|---|
| 9314 | |
|---|
| 9315 | |
|---|
| 9316 | |
|---|
| 9317 | |
|---|
| 9318 | |
|---|
| 9319 | |
|---|
| 9320 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
|---|
| 9321 | </p> |
|---|
| 9322 | |
|---|
| 9323 | |
|---|
| 9324 | |
|---|
| 9325 | |
|---|
| 9326 | |
|---|
| 9327 | |
|---|
| 9328 | |
|---|
| 9329 | |
|---|
| 9330 | |
|---|
| 9331 | |
|---|
| 9332 | |
|---|
| 9333 | |
|---|
| 9334 | |
|---|
| 9335 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>overshoot_limit_w</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 9336 | |
|---|
| 9337 | |
|---|
| 9338 | |
|---|
| 9339 | |
|---|
| 9340 | |
|---|
| 9341 | |
|---|
| 9342 | |
|---|
| 9343 | </td> |
|---|
| 9344 | |
|---|
| 9345 | |
|---|
| 9346 | |
|---|
| 9347 | |
|---|
| 9348 | |
|---|
| 9349 | |
|---|
| 9350 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9351 | |
|---|
| 9352 | |
|---|
| 9353 | |
|---|
| 9354 | |
|---|
| 9355 | |
|---|
| 9356 | |
|---|
| 9357 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9358 | |
|---|
| 9359 | |
|---|
| 9360 | |
|---|
| 9361 | |
|---|
| 9362 | |
|---|
| 9363 | |
|---|
| 9364 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9365 | |
|---|
| 9366 | |
|---|
| 9367 | |
|---|
| 9368 | |
|---|
| 9369 | |
|---|
| 9370 | |
|---|
| 9371 | <p><a name="passive_scalar"></a><b>passive_scalar</b></p> |
|---|
| 9372 | |
|---|
| 9373 | |
|---|
| 9374 | |
|---|
| 9375 | |
|---|
| 9376 | |
|---|
| 9377 | |
|---|
| 9378 | |
|---|
| 9379 | </td> |
|---|
| 9380 | |
|---|
| 9381 | |
|---|
| 9382 | |
|---|
| 9383 | |
|---|
| 9384 | |
|---|
| 9385 | |
|---|
| 9386 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 9387 | |
|---|
| 9388 | |
|---|
| 9389 | |
|---|
| 9390 | |
|---|
| 9391 | |
|---|
| 9392 | |
|---|
| 9393 | |
|---|
| 9394 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
|---|
| 9395 | |
|---|
| 9396 | |
|---|
| 9397 | |
|---|
| 9398 | |
|---|
| 9399 | |
|---|
| 9400 | |
|---|
| 9401 | |
|---|
| 9402 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9403 | |
|---|
| 9404 | |
|---|
| 9405 | |
|---|
| 9406 | |
|---|
| 9407 | |
|---|
| 9408 | |
|---|
| 9409 | <p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 9410 | switch on the prognostic equation for a passive |
|---|
| 9411 | scalar. <br> |
|---|
| 9412 | |
|---|
| 9413 | |
|---|
| 9414 | |
|---|
| 9415 | |
|---|
| 9416 | |
|---|
| 9417 | |
|---|
| 9418 | </p> |
|---|
| 9419 | |
|---|
| 9420 | |
|---|
| 9421 | |
|---|
| 9422 | |
|---|
| 9423 | |
|---|
| 9424 | |
|---|
| 9425 | |
|---|
| 9426 | |
|---|
| 9427 | |
|---|
| 9428 | |
|---|
| 9429 | |
|---|
| 9430 | |
|---|
| 9431 | |
|---|
| 9432 | <p>The initial vertical profile |
|---|
| 9433 | of s can be set via parameters <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>, |
|---|
| 9434 | <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 9435 | and <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 9436 | Boundary conditions can be set via <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a> |
|---|
| 9437 | and <a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>. |
|---|
| 9438 | </p> |
|---|
| 9439 | |
|---|
| 9440 | |
|---|
| 9441 | |
|---|
| 9442 | |
|---|
| 9443 | |
|---|
| 9444 | |
|---|
| 9445 | |
|---|
| 9446 | |
|---|
| 9447 | |
|---|
| 9448 | |
|---|
| 9449 | |
|---|
| 9450 | |
|---|
| 9451 | |
|---|
| 9452 | <p><b>Note:</b> <br> |
|---|
| 9453 | |
|---|
| 9454 | |
|---|
| 9455 | |
|---|
| 9456 | |
|---|
| 9457 | |
|---|
| 9458 | |
|---|
| 9459 | |
|---|
| 9460 | With <span style="font-weight: bold;">passive_scalar</span> |
|---|
| 9461 | switched |
|---|
| 9462 | on, the simultaneous use of humidity (see <a href="#humidity">humidity</a>) |
|---|
| 9463 | is impossible.</p> |
|---|
| 9464 | |
|---|
| 9465 | |
|---|
| 9466 | |
|---|
| 9467 | |
|---|
| 9468 | |
|---|
| 9469 | |
|---|
| 9470 | </td> |
|---|
| 9471 | |
|---|
| 9472 | |
|---|
| 9473 | |
|---|
| 9474 | |
|---|
| 9475 | |
|---|
| 9476 | |
|---|
| 9477 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9478 | |
|---|
| 9479 | |
|---|
| 9480 | |
|---|
| 9481 | |
|---|
| 9482 | |
|---|
| 9483 | |
|---|
| 9484 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9485 | |
|---|
| 9486 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="pch_index"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">pch_index</span></td> |
|---|
| 9487 | |
|---|
| 9488 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 9489 | |
|---|
| 9490 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0</span></td> |
|---|
| 9491 | |
|---|
| 9492 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Grid point index (scalar) of the upper boundary of the plant canopy layer.<br> |
|---|
| 9493 | |
|---|
| 9494 | <br> |
|---|
| 9495 | |
|---|
| 9496 | Above <span style="font-weight: bold;">pch_index</span> the arrays of leaf area density and drag_coeffient are automatically set to zero in case of <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> = .T.. Up to <span style="font-weight: bold;">pch_index</span> a leaf area density profile can be prescribed by using the parameters <a href="#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>, <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a> and <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 9497 | |
|---|
| 9498 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9499 | |
|---|
| 9500 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9501 | |
|---|
| 9502 | |
|---|
| 9503 | |
|---|
| 9504 | |
|---|
| 9505 | |
|---|
| 9506 | |
|---|
| 9507 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9508 | |
|---|
| 9509 | |
|---|
| 9510 | |
|---|
| 9511 | |
|---|
| 9512 | |
|---|
| 9513 | |
|---|
| 9514 | <p><a name="phi"></a><b>phi</b></p> |
|---|
| 9515 | |
|---|
| 9516 | |
|---|
| 9517 | |
|---|
| 9518 | |
|---|
| 9519 | |
|---|
| 9520 | |
|---|
| 9521 | |
|---|
| 9522 | </td> |
|---|
| 9523 | |
|---|
| 9524 | |
|---|
| 9525 | |
|---|
| 9526 | |
|---|
| 9527 | |
|---|
| 9528 | |
|---|
| 9529 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 9530 | |
|---|
| 9531 | |
|---|
| 9532 | |
|---|
| 9533 | |
|---|
| 9534 | |
|---|
| 9535 | |
|---|
| 9536 | |
|---|
| 9537 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>55.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 9538 | |
|---|
| 9539 | |
|---|
| 9540 | |
|---|
| 9541 | |
|---|
| 9542 | |
|---|
| 9543 | |
|---|
| 9544 | |
|---|
| 9545 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9546 | |
|---|
| 9547 | |
|---|
| 9548 | |
|---|
| 9549 | |
|---|
| 9550 | |
|---|
| 9551 | |
|---|
| 9552 | <p>Geographical |
|---|
| 9553 | latitude (in degrees). </p> |
|---|
| 9554 | |
|---|
| 9555 | |
|---|
| 9556 | |
|---|
| 9557 | |
|---|
| 9558 | |
|---|
| 9559 | |
|---|
| 9560 | |
|---|
| 9561 | |
|---|
| 9562 | |
|---|
| 9563 | |
|---|
| 9564 | |
|---|
| 9565 | |
|---|
| 9566 | |
|---|
| 9567 | <p>The value of |
|---|
| 9568 | this parameter determines the value of the |
|---|
| 9569 | Coriolis parameters f and f*, provided that the angular velocity (see <a href="#omega">omega</a>) |
|---|
| 9570 | is non-zero.</p> |
|---|
| 9571 | |
|---|
| 9572 | |
|---|
| 9573 | |
|---|
| 9574 | |
|---|
| 9575 | |
|---|
| 9576 | |
|---|
| 9577 | </td> |
|---|
| 9578 | |
|---|
| 9579 | |
|---|
| 9580 | |
|---|
| 9581 | |
|---|
| 9582 | |
|---|
| 9583 | |
|---|
| 9584 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9585 | |
|---|
| 9586 | |
|---|
| 9587 | |
|---|
| 9588 | |
|---|
| 9589 | |
|---|
| 9590 | |
|---|
| 9591 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9592 | |
|---|
| 9593 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="plant_canopy"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span></td> |
|---|
| 9594 | |
|---|
| 9595 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 9596 | |
|---|
| 9597 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 9598 | |
|---|
| 9599 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Switch for the plant_canopy_model.<br> |
|---|
| 9600 | |
|---|
| 9601 | <br> |
|---|
| 9602 | |
|---|
| 9603 | If <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, the plant canopy model of Watanabe (2004, BLM 112, 307-341) is used. <br> |
|---|
| 9604 | |
|---|
| 9605 | The |
|---|
| 9606 | impact of a plant canopy on a turbulent flow is considered by an |
|---|
| 9607 | additional drag term in the momentum equations and an additional sink |
|---|
| 9608 | term in the prognostic equation for the subgrid-scale TKE. These |
|---|
| 9609 | additional terms are dependent on the leaf drag coefficient (see <a href="#drag_coefficient">drag_coefficient</a>) and the leaf area density (see <a href="#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>, <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a>, <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>). The top boundary of the plant canopy is determined by the parameter <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. For all heights equal to or larger than zw(k=<span style="font-weight: bold;">pch_index</span>) the leaf area density is 0 (i.e. there is no canopy at these heights!). <br> |
|---|
| 9610 | |
|---|
| 9611 | By default, a horizontally homogeneous plant canopy is prescribed, if <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>. However, the user can define other types of plant canopies (see <a href="#canopy_mode">canopy_mode</a>).<br><br>If <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">passive_scalar</span><span style="font-style: italic;"> </span>are set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, |
|---|
| 9612 | the canopy acts as an additional source or sink, respectively, of |
|---|
| 9613 | scalar concentration. The source/sink strength is dependent on the |
|---|
| 9614 | scalar concentration at the leaf surface, which is generally constant |
|---|
| 9615 | with time in PALM and which can be specified by specifying the |
|---|
| 9616 | parameter <a href="#leaf_surface_concentration">leaf_surface_concentration</a>. <br><br>Additional heating of the air by the plant canopy is taken into account, when the default value of the parameter <a href="#cthf">cthf</a> is altered in the parameter file. In that case the value of <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a> |
|---|
| 9617 | specified in the parameter file is not used in the model. Instead the |
|---|
| 9618 | near-surface heat flux is derived from an expontial function that is |
|---|
| 9619 | dependent on the cumulative leaf area index. <br> |
|---|
| 9620 | |
|---|
| 9621 | <br> |
|---|
| 9622 | |
|---|
| 9623 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. </span>is only allowed together with a non-zero <a href="#drag_coefficient">drag_coefficient</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 9624 | |
|---|
| 9625 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9626 | |
|---|
| 9627 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9628 | |
|---|
| 9629 | |
|---|
| 9630 | |
|---|
| 9631 | |
|---|
| 9632 | |
|---|
| 9633 | |
|---|
| 9634 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9635 | |
|---|
| 9636 | |
|---|
| 9637 | |
|---|
| 9638 | |
|---|
| 9639 | |
|---|
| 9640 | |
|---|
| 9641 | <p><a name="prandtl_layer"></a><b>prandtl_layer</b></p> |
|---|
| 9642 | |
|---|
| 9643 | |
|---|
| 9644 | |
|---|
| 9645 | |
|---|
| 9646 | |
|---|
| 9647 | |
|---|
| 9648 | |
|---|
| 9649 | </td> |
|---|
| 9650 | |
|---|
| 9651 | |
|---|
| 9652 | |
|---|
| 9653 | |
|---|
| 9654 | |
|---|
| 9655 | |
|---|
| 9656 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 9657 | |
|---|
| 9658 | |
|---|
| 9659 | |
|---|
| 9660 | |
|---|
| 9661 | |
|---|
| 9662 | |
|---|
| 9663 | |
|---|
| 9664 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td> |
|---|
| 9665 | |
|---|
| 9666 | |
|---|
| 9667 | |
|---|
| 9668 | |
|---|
| 9669 | |
|---|
| 9670 | |
|---|
| 9671 | |
|---|
| 9672 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9673 | |
|---|
| 9674 | |
|---|
| 9675 | |
|---|
| 9676 | |
|---|
| 9677 | |
|---|
| 9678 | |
|---|
| 9679 | <p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 9680 | switch on a Prandtl layer. </p> |
|---|
| 9681 | |
|---|
| 9682 | |
|---|
| 9683 | |
|---|
| 9684 | |
|---|
| 9685 | |
|---|
| 9686 | |
|---|
| 9687 | |
|---|
| 9688 | |
|---|
| 9689 | |
|---|
| 9690 | |
|---|
| 9691 | |
|---|
| 9692 | |
|---|
| 9693 | |
|---|
| 9694 | <p>By default, |
|---|
| 9695 | a Prandtl layer is switched on at the bottom |
|---|
| 9696 | boundary between z = 0 and z = 0.5 * <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
|---|
| 9697 | (the first computational grid point above ground for u, v and the |
|---|
| 9698 | scalar quantities). |
|---|
| 9699 | In this case, at the bottom boundary, free-slip conditions for u and v |
|---|
| 9700 | (see <a href="#bc_uv_b">bc_uv_b</a>) |
|---|
| 9701 | are not allowed. Likewise, laminar |
|---|
| 9702 | simulations with constant eddy diffusivities (<a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a>) |
|---|
| 9703 | are forbidden. </p> |
|---|
| 9704 | |
|---|
| 9705 | |
|---|
| 9706 | |
|---|
| 9707 | |
|---|
| 9708 | |
|---|
| 9709 | |
|---|
| 9710 | |
|---|
| 9711 | |
|---|
| 9712 | |
|---|
| 9713 | |
|---|
| 9714 | |
|---|
| 9715 | |
|---|
| 9716 | |
|---|
| 9717 | <p>With Prandtl-layer |
|---|
| 9718 | switched off, the TKE boundary condition <a href="#bc_e_b">bc_e_b</a> |
|---|
| 9719 | = '<i>(u*)**2+neumann'</i> must not be used and is |
|---|
| 9720 | automatically |
|---|
| 9721 | changed to <i>'neumann'</i> if necessary. Also, |
|---|
| 9722 | the pressure |
|---|
| 9723 | boundary condition <a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a> |
|---|
| 9724 | = <i>'neumann+inhomo'</i> is not allowed. </p> |
|---|
| 9725 | |
|---|
| 9726 | |
|---|
| 9727 | |
|---|
| 9728 | |
|---|
| 9729 | |
|---|
| 9730 | |
|---|
| 9731 | |
|---|
| 9732 | |
|---|
| 9733 | |
|---|
| 9734 | |
|---|
| 9735 | |
|---|
| 9736 | |
|---|
| 9737 | |
|---|
| 9738 | <p>The roughness length is declared via the parameter <a href="#roughness_length">roughness_length</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 9739 | |
|---|
| 9740 | |
|---|
| 9741 | |
|---|
| 9742 | |
|---|
| 9743 | |
|---|
| 9744 | |
|---|
| 9745 | |
|---|
| 9746 | </td> |
|---|
| 9747 | |
|---|
| 9748 | |
|---|
| 9749 | |
|---|
| 9750 | |
|---|
| 9751 | |
|---|
| 9752 | |
|---|
| 9753 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9754 | |
|---|
| 9755 | |
|---|
| 9756 | |
|---|
| 9757 | |
|---|
| 9758 | |
|---|
| 9759 | |
|---|
| 9760 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9761 | |
|---|
| 9762 | |
|---|
| 9763 | |
|---|
| 9764 | |
|---|
| 9765 | |
|---|
| 9766 | |
|---|
| 9767 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9768 | |
|---|
| 9769 | |
|---|
| 9770 | |
|---|
| 9771 | |
|---|
| 9772 | |
|---|
| 9773 | |
|---|
| 9774 | <p><a name="precipitation"></a><b>precipitation</b></p> |
|---|
| 9775 | |
|---|
| 9776 | |
|---|
| 9777 | |
|---|
| 9778 | |
|---|
| 9779 | |
|---|
| 9780 | |
|---|
| 9781 | |
|---|
| 9782 | </td> |
|---|
| 9783 | |
|---|
| 9784 | |
|---|
| 9785 | |
|---|
| 9786 | |
|---|
| 9787 | |
|---|
| 9788 | |
|---|
| 9789 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 9790 | |
|---|
| 9791 | |
|---|
| 9792 | |
|---|
| 9793 | |
|---|
| 9794 | |
|---|
| 9795 | |
|---|
| 9796 | |
|---|
| 9797 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 9798 | |
|---|
| 9799 | |
|---|
| 9800 | |
|---|
| 9801 | |
|---|
| 9802 | |
|---|
| 9803 | |
|---|
| 9804 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9805 | |
|---|
| 9806 | |
|---|
| 9807 | |
|---|
| 9808 | |
|---|
| 9809 | |
|---|
| 9810 | |
|---|
| 9811 | <p>Parameter to switch |
|---|
| 9812 | on the precipitation scheme.<br> |
|---|
| 9813 | |
|---|
| 9814 | |
|---|
| 9815 | |
|---|
| 9816 | |
|---|
| 9817 | |
|---|
| 9818 | |
|---|
| 9819 | </p> |
|---|
| 9820 | |
|---|
| 9821 | |
|---|
| 9822 | |
|---|
| 9823 | |
|---|
| 9824 | |
|---|
| 9825 | |
|---|
| 9826 | |
|---|
| 9827 | |
|---|
| 9828 | |
|---|
| 9829 | |
|---|
| 9830 | |
|---|
| 9831 | |
|---|
| 9832 | |
|---|
| 9833 | <p>For |
|---|
| 9834 | precipitation processes PALM uses a simplified Kessler |
|---|
| 9835 | scheme. This scheme only considers the |
|---|
| 9836 | so-called autoconversion, that means the generation of rain water by |
|---|
| 9837 | coagulation of cloud drops among themselves. Precipitation begins and |
|---|
| 9838 | is immediately removed from the flow as soon as the liquid water |
|---|
| 9839 | content exceeds the critical value of 0.5 g/kg.</p> |
|---|
| 9840 | |
|---|
| 9841 | |
|---|
| 9842 | |
|---|
| 9843 | |
|---|
| 9844 | |
|---|
| 9845 | |
|---|
| 9846 | |
|---|
| 9847 | |
|---|
| 9848 | |
|---|
| 9849 | |
|---|
| 9850 | |
|---|
| 9851 | |
|---|
| 9852 | <p>The precipitation rate and amount can be output by assigning the runtime parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'prr*'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'pra*'</span>, respectively. The time interval on which the precipitation amount is defined can be controlled via runtime parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#precipitation_amount_interval">precipitation_amount_interval</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 9853 | |
|---|
| 9854 | |
|---|
| 9855 | |
|---|
| 9856 | |
|---|
| 9857 | |
|---|
| 9858 | |
|---|
| 9859 | </td> |
|---|
| 9860 | |
|---|
| 9861 | |
|---|
| 9862 | |
|---|
| 9863 | |
|---|
| 9864 | |
|---|
| 9865 | |
|---|
| 9866 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9867 | |
|---|
| 9868 | |
|---|
| 9869 | |
|---|
| 9870 | |
|---|
| 9871 | |
|---|
| 9872 | |
|---|
| 9873 | |
|---|
| 9874 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9875 | |
|---|
| 9876 | |
|---|
| 9877 | |
|---|
| 9878 | |
|---|
| 9879 | |
|---|
| 9880 | |
|---|
| 9881 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="pt_reference"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_reference</span></td> |
|---|
| 9882 | |
|---|
| 9883 | |
|---|
| 9884 | |
|---|
| 9885 | |
|---|
| 9886 | |
|---|
| 9887 | |
|---|
| 9888 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 9889 | |
|---|
| 9890 | |
|---|
| 9891 | |
|---|
| 9892 | |
|---|
| 9893 | |
|---|
| 9894 | |
|---|
| 9895 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">use horizontal average as |
|---|
| 9896 | refrence</span></td> |
|---|
| 9897 | |
|---|
| 9898 | |
|---|
| 9899 | |
|---|
| 9900 | |
|---|
| 9901 | |
|---|
| 9902 | |
|---|
| 9903 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Reference |
|---|
| 9904 | temperature to be used in all buoyancy terms (in K).<br> |
|---|
| 9905 | |
|---|
| 9906 | |
|---|
| 9907 | |
|---|
| 9908 | |
|---|
| 9909 | |
|---|
| 9910 | |
|---|
| 9911 | <br> |
|---|
| 9912 | |
|---|
| 9913 | |
|---|
| 9914 | |
|---|
| 9915 | |
|---|
| 9916 | |
|---|
| 9917 | |
|---|
| 9918 | By |
|---|
| 9919 | default, the instantaneous horizontal average over the total model |
|---|
| 9920 | domain is used.<br> |
|---|
| 9921 | |
|---|
| 9922 | |
|---|
| 9923 | |
|---|
| 9924 | |
|---|
| 9925 | |
|---|
| 9926 | |
|---|
| 9927 | <br> |
|---|
| 9928 | |
|---|
| 9929 | |
|---|
| 9930 | |
|---|
| 9931 | |
|---|
| 9932 | |
|---|
| 9933 | |
|---|
| 9934 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 9935 | |
|---|
| 9936 | |
|---|
| 9937 | |
|---|
| 9938 | |
|---|
| 9939 | |
|---|
| 9940 | |
|---|
| 9941 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), always a reference temperature is used in the buoyancy terms with a default value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_reference</span> = <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 9942 | |
|---|
| 9943 | |
|---|
| 9944 | |
|---|
| 9945 | |
|---|
| 9946 | |
|---|
| 9947 | |
|---|
| 9948 | </tr> |
|---|
| 9949 | |
|---|
| 9950 | |
|---|
| 9951 | |
|---|
| 9952 | |
|---|
| 9953 | |
|---|
| 9954 | |
|---|
| 9955 | <tr> |
|---|
| 9956 | |
|---|
| 9957 | |
|---|
| 9958 | |
|---|
| 9959 | |
|---|
| 9960 | |
|---|
| 9961 | |
|---|
| 9962 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 9963 | |
|---|
| 9964 | |
|---|
| 9965 | |
|---|
| 9966 | |
|---|
| 9967 | |
|---|
| 9968 | |
|---|
| 9969 | <p><a name="pt_surface"></a><b>pt_surface</b></p> |
|---|
| 9970 | |
|---|
| 9971 | |
|---|
| 9972 | |
|---|
| 9973 | |
|---|
| 9974 | |
|---|
| 9975 | |
|---|
| 9976 | |
|---|
| 9977 | </td> |
|---|
| 9978 | |
|---|
| 9979 | |
|---|
| 9980 | |
|---|
| 9981 | |
|---|
| 9982 | |
|---|
| 9983 | |
|---|
| 9984 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 9985 | |
|---|
| 9986 | |
|---|
| 9987 | |
|---|
| 9988 | |
|---|
| 9989 | |
|---|
| 9990 | |
|---|
| 9991 | |
|---|
| 9992 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>300.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 9993 | |
|---|
| 9994 | |
|---|
| 9995 | |
|---|
| 9996 | |
|---|
| 9997 | |
|---|
| 9998 | |
|---|
| 9999 | |
|---|
| 10000 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10001 | |
|---|
| 10002 | |
|---|
| 10003 | |
|---|
| 10004 | |
|---|
| 10005 | |
|---|
| 10006 | |
|---|
| 10007 | <p>Surface |
|---|
| 10008 | potential temperature (in K). </p> |
|---|
| 10009 | |
|---|
| 10010 | |
|---|
| 10011 | |
|---|
| 10012 | |
|---|
| 10013 | |
|---|
| 10014 | |
|---|
| 10015 | |
|---|
| 10016 | |
|---|
| 10017 | |
|---|
| 10018 | |
|---|
| 10019 | |
|---|
| 10020 | |
|---|
| 10021 | |
|---|
| 10022 | <p>This |
|---|
| 10023 | parameter assigns the value of the potential temperature |
|---|
| 10024 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt</span> at the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, |
|---|
| 10025 | the |
|---|
| 10026 | initial vertical temperature profile is constructed with <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 10027 | and <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level |
|---|
| 10028 | </a>. |
|---|
| 10029 | This profile is also used for the 1d-model as a stationary profile.</p> |
|---|
| 10030 | |
|---|
| 10031 | |
|---|
| 10032 | |
|---|
| 10033 | |
|---|
| 10034 | |
|---|
| 10035 | |
|---|
| 10036 | |
|---|
| 10037 | |
|---|
| 10038 | |
|---|
| 10039 | |
|---|
| 10040 | |
|---|
| 10041 | |
|---|
| 10042 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 10043 | |
|---|
| 10044 | |
|---|
| 10045 | |
|---|
| 10046 | |
|---|
| 10047 | |
|---|
| 10048 | |
|---|
| 10049 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="#ocean">ocean</a>), |
|---|
| 10050 | this parameter gives the temperature value at the sea surface, which is |
|---|
| 10051 | at k=nzt. The profile is then constructed from the surface down to the |
|---|
| 10052 | bottom of the model.</p> |
|---|
| 10053 | |
|---|
| 10054 | |
|---|
| 10055 | |
|---|
| 10056 | |
|---|
| 10057 | |
|---|
| 10058 | |
|---|
| 10059 | |
|---|
| 10060 | </td> |
|---|
| 10061 | |
|---|
| 10062 | |
|---|
| 10063 | |
|---|
| 10064 | |
|---|
| 10065 | |
|---|
| 10066 | |
|---|
| 10067 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10068 | |
|---|
| 10069 | |
|---|
| 10070 | |
|---|
| 10071 | |
|---|
| 10072 | |
|---|
| 10073 | |
|---|
| 10074 | <tr> |
|---|
| 10075 | |
|---|
| 10076 | |
|---|
| 10077 | |
|---|
| 10078 | |
|---|
| 10079 | |
|---|
| 10080 | |
|---|
| 10081 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10082 | |
|---|
| 10083 | |
|---|
| 10084 | |
|---|
| 10085 | |
|---|
| 10086 | |
|---|
| 10087 | |
|---|
| 10088 | <p><a name="pt_surface_initial_change"></a><b>pt_surface_initial</b> |
|---|
| 10089 | <br> |
|---|
| 10090 | |
|---|
| 10091 | |
|---|
| 10092 | |
|---|
| 10093 | |
|---|
| 10094 | |
|---|
| 10095 | |
|---|
| 10096 | <b>_change</b></p> |
|---|
| 10097 | |
|---|
| 10098 | |
|---|
| 10099 | |
|---|
| 10100 | |
|---|
| 10101 | |
|---|
| 10102 | |
|---|
| 10103 | </td> |
|---|
| 10104 | |
|---|
| 10105 | |
|---|
| 10106 | |
|---|
| 10107 | |
|---|
| 10108 | |
|---|
| 10109 | |
|---|
| 10110 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 10111 | |
|---|
| 10112 | |
|---|
| 10113 | |
|---|
| 10114 | |
|---|
| 10115 | |
|---|
| 10116 | |
|---|
| 10117 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 10118 | |
|---|
| 10119 | |
|---|
| 10120 | |
|---|
| 10121 | |
|---|
| 10122 | |
|---|
| 10123 | |
|---|
| 10124 | </td> |
|---|
| 10125 | |
|---|
| 10126 | |
|---|
| 10127 | |
|---|
| 10128 | |
|---|
| 10129 | |
|---|
| 10130 | |
|---|
| 10131 | |
|---|
| 10132 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10133 | |
|---|
| 10134 | |
|---|
| 10135 | |
|---|
| 10136 | |
|---|
| 10137 | |
|---|
| 10138 | |
|---|
| 10139 | <p>Change in |
|---|
| 10140 | surface temperature to be made at the beginning of |
|---|
| 10141 | the 3d run |
|---|
| 10142 | (in K). </p> |
|---|
| 10143 | |
|---|
| 10144 | |
|---|
| 10145 | |
|---|
| 10146 | |
|---|
| 10147 | |
|---|
| 10148 | |
|---|
| 10149 | |
|---|
| 10150 | |
|---|
| 10151 | |
|---|
| 10152 | |
|---|
| 10153 | |
|---|
| 10154 | |
|---|
| 10155 | |
|---|
| 10156 | <p>If <b>pt_surface_initial_change</b> |
|---|
| 10157 | is set to a non-zero |
|---|
| 10158 | value, the near surface sensible heat flux is not allowed to be given |
|---|
| 10159 | simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 10160 | |
|---|
| 10161 | |
|---|
| 10162 | |
|---|
| 10163 | |
|---|
| 10164 | |
|---|
| 10165 | |
|---|
| 10166 | |
|---|
| 10167 | </td> |
|---|
| 10168 | |
|---|
| 10169 | |
|---|
| 10170 | |
|---|
| 10171 | |
|---|
| 10172 | |
|---|
| 10173 | |
|---|
| 10174 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10175 | |
|---|
| 10176 | |
|---|
| 10177 | |
|---|
| 10178 | |
|---|
| 10179 | |
|---|
| 10180 | |
|---|
| 10181 | <tr> |
|---|
| 10182 | |
|---|
| 10183 | |
|---|
| 10184 | |
|---|
| 10185 | |
|---|
| 10186 | |
|---|
| 10187 | |
|---|
| 10188 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10189 | |
|---|
| 10190 | |
|---|
| 10191 | |
|---|
| 10192 | |
|---|
| 10193 | |
|---|
| 10194 | |
|---|
| 10195 | <p><a name="pt_vertical_gradient"></a><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b></p> |
|---|
| 10196 | |
|---|
| 10197 | |
|---|
| 10198 | |
|---|
| 10199 | |
|---|
| 10200 | |
|---|
| 10201 | |
|---|
| 10202 | |
|---|
| 10203 | </td> |
|---|
| 10204 | |
|---|
| 10205 | |
|---|
| 10206 | |
|---|
| 10207 | |
|---|
| 10208 | |
|---|
| 10209 | |
|---|
| 10210 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 10211 | |
|---|
| 10212 | |
|---|
| 10213 | |
|---|
| 10214 | |
|---|
| 10215 | |
|---|
| 10216 | |
|---|
| 10217 | |
|---|
| 10218 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 10219 | |
|---|
| 10220 | |
|---|
| 10221 | |
|---|
| 10222 | |
|---|
| 10223 | |
|---|
| 10224 | |
|---|
| 10225 | |
|---|
| 10226 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10227 | |
|---|
| 10228 | |
|---|
| 10229 | |
|---|
| 10230 | |
|---|
| 10231 | |
|---|
| 10232 | |
|---|
| 10233 | <p>Temperature |
|---|
| 10234 | gradient(s) of the initial temperature profile (in |
|---|
| 10235 | K |
|---|
| 10236 | / 100 m). </p> |
|---|
| 10237 | |
|---|
| 10238 | |
|---|
| 10239 | |
|---|
| 10240 | |
|---|
| 10241 | |
|---|
| 10242 | |
|---|
| 10243 | |
|---|
| 10244 | |
|---|
| 10245 | |
|---|
| 10246 | |
|---|
| 10247 | |
|---|
| 10248 | |
|---|
| 10249 | |
|---|
| 10250 | <p>This temperature gradient |
|---|
| 10251 | holds starting from the height |
|---|
| 10252 | level defined by <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 10253 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) > |
|---|
| 10254 | pt_vertical_gradient_level, |
|---|
| 10255 | pt_init(k) is set: pt_init(k) = pt_init(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>pt_vertical_gradient</b>) |
|---|
| 10256 | up to the top boundary or up to the next height level defined |
|---|
| 10257 | by <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 10258 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
|---|
| 10259 | if <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 10260 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The surface temperature is |
|---|
| 10261 | assigned via <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 10262 | </p> |
|---|
| 10263 | |
|---|
| 10264 | |
|---|
| 10265 | |
|---|
| 10266 | |
|---|
| 10267 | |
|---|
| 10268 | |
|---|
| 10269 | |
|---|
| 10270 | |
|---|
| 10271 | |
|---|
| 10272 | |
|---|
| 10273 | |
|---|
| 10274 | |
|---|
| 10275 | |
|---|
| 10276 | <p>Example: </p> |
|---|
| 10277 | |
|---|
| 10278 | |
|---|
| 10279 | |
|---|
| 10280 | |
|---|
| 10281 | |
|---|
| 10282 | |
|---|
| 10283 | |
|---|
| 10284 | |
|---|
| 10285 | |
|---|
| 10286 | |
|---|
| 10287 | |
|---|
| 10288 | |
|---|
| 10289 | |
|---|
| 10290 | <ul> |
|---|
| 10291 | |
|---|
| 10292 | |
|---|
| 10293 | |
|---|
| 10294 | |
|---|
| 10295 | |
|---|
| 10296 | |
|---|
| 10297 | |
|---|
| 10298 | |
|---|
| 10299 | |
|---|
| 10300 | |
|---|
| 10301 | |
|---|
| 10302 | |
|---|
| 10303 | |
|---|
| 10304 | <p><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b> |
|---|
| 10305 | = <i>1.0</i>, <i>0.5</i>, <br> |
|---|
| 10306 | |
|---|
| 10307 | |
|---|
| 10308 | |
|---|
| 10309 | |
|---|
| 10310 | |
|---|
| 10311 | |
|---|
| 10312 | |
|---|
| 10313 | <b>pt_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>, |
|---|
| 10314 | <i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
|---|
| 10315 | |
|---|
| 10316 | |
|---|
| 10317 | |
|---|
| 10318 | |
|---|
| 10319 | |
|---|
| 10320 | |
|---|
| 10321 | |
|---|
| 10322 | |
|---|
| 10323 | |
|---|
| 10324 | |
|---|
| 10325 | |
|---|
| 10326 | |
|---|
| 10327 | |
|---|
| 10328 | </ul> |
|---|
| 10329 | |
|---|
| 10330 | |
|---|
| 10331 | |
|---|
| 10332 | |
|---|
| 10333 | |
|---|
| 10334 | |
|---|
| 10335 | |
|---|
| 10336 | |
|---|
| 10337 | |
|---|
| 10338 | |
|---|
| 10339 | |
|---|
| 10340 | |
|---|
| 10341 | |
|---|
| 10342 | <p>That |
|---|
| 10343 | defines the temperature profile to be neutrally |
|---|
| 10344 | stratified |
|---|
| 10345 | up to z = 500.0 m with a temperature given by <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 10346 | For 500.0 m < z <= 1000.0 m the temperature gradient is |
|---|
| 10347 | 1.0 K / |
|---|
| 10348 | 100 m and for z > 1000.0 m up to the top boundary it is |
|---|
| 10349 | 0.5 K / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels correspond |
|---|
| 10350 | with uv levels).</p> |
|---|
| 10351 | |
|---|
| 10352 | |
|---|
| 10353 | |
|---|
| 10354 | |
|---|
| 10355 | |
|---|
| 10356 | |
|---|
| 10357 | |
|---|
| 10358 | |
|---|
| 10359 | |
|---|
| 10360 | |
|---|
| 10361 | |
|---|
| 10362 | |
|---|
| 10363 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 10364 | |
|---|
| 10365 | |
|---|
| 10366 | |
|---|
| 10367 | |
|---|
| 10368 | |
|---|
| 10369 | |
|---|
| 10370 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
|---|
| 10371 | the profile is constructed like described above, but starting from the |
|---|
| 10372 | sea surface (k=nzt) down to the bottom boundary of the model. Height |
|---|
| 10373 | levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.</p> |
|---|
| 10374 | |
|---|
| 10375 | |
|---|
| 10376 | |
|---|
| 10377 | |
|---|
| 10378 | |
|---|
| 10379 | |
|---|
| 10380 | </td> |
|---|
| 10381 | |
|---|
| 10382 | |
|---|
| 10383 | |
|---|
| 10384 | |
|---|
| 10385 | |
|---|
| 10386 | |
|---|
| 10387 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10388 | |
|---|
| 10389 | |
|---|
| 10390 | |
|---|
| 10391 | |
|---|
| 10392 | |
|---|
| 10393 | |
|---|
| 10394 | <tr> |
|---|
| 10395 | |
|---|
| 10396 | |
|---|
| 10397 | |
|---|
| 10398 | |
|---|
| 10399 | |
|---|
| 10400 | |
|---|
| 10401 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10402 | |
|---|
| 10403 | |
|---|
| 10404 | |
|---|
| 10405 | |
|---|
| 10406 | |
|---|
| 10407 | |
|---|
| 10408 | <p><a name="pt_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b> |
|---|
| 10409 | <br> |
|---|
| 10410 | |
|---|
| 10411 | |
|---|
| 10412 | |
|---|
| 10413 | |
|---|
| 10414 | |
|---|
| 10415 | |
|---|
| 10416 | <b>_level</b></p> |
|---|
| 10417 | |
|---|
| 10418 | |
|---|
| 10419 | |
|---|
| 10420 | |
|---|
| 10421 | |
|---|
| 10422 | |
|---|
| 10423 | </td> |
|---|
| 10424 | |
|---|
| 10425 | |
|---|
| 10426 | |
|---|
| 10427 | |
|---|
| 10428 | |
|---|
| 10429 | |
|---|
| 10430 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 10431 | |
|---|
| 10432 | |
|---|
| 10433 | |
|---|
| 10434 | |
|---|
| 10435 | |
|---|
| 10436 | |
|---|
| 10437 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10438 | |
|---|
| 10439 | |
|---|
| 10440 | |
|---|
| 10441 | |
|---|
| 10442 | |
|---|
| 10443 | |
|---|
| 10444 | <p><i>10 *</i> |
|---|
| 10445 | <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 10446 | |
|---|
| 10447 | |
|---|
| 10448 | |
|---|
| 10449 | |
|---|
| 10450 | |
|---|
| 10451 | |
|---|
| 10452 | |
|---|
| 10453 | </p> |
|---|
| 10454 | |
|---|
| 10455 | |
|---|
| 10456 | |
|---|
| 10457 | |
|---|
| 10458 | |
|---|
| 10459 | |
|---|
| 10460 | </td> |
|---|
| 10461 | |
|---|
| 10462 | |
|---|
| 10463 | |
|---|
| 10464 | |
|---|
| 10465 | |
|---|
| 10466 | |
|---|
| 10467 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10468 | |
|---|
| 10469 | |
|---|
| 10470 | |
|---|
| 10471 | |
|---|
| 10472 | |
|---|
| 10473 | |
|---|
| 10474 | <p>Height level from which on the temperature gradient defined by |
|---|
| 10475 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 10476 | is effective (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 10477 | |
|---|
| 10478 | |
|---|
| 10479 | |
|---|
| 10480 | |
|---|
| 10481 | |
|---|
| 10482 | |
|---|
| 10483 | |
|---|
| 10484 | |
|---|
| 10485 | |
|---|
| 10486 | |
|---|
| 10487 | |
|---|
| 10488 | |
|---|
| 10489 | |
|---|
| 10490 | <p>The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. The |
|---|
| 10491 | default values result in a neutral stratification regardless of the |
|---|
| 10492 | values of <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 10493 | (unless the top boundary of the model is higher than 100000.0 m). |
|---|
| 10494 | For the piecewise construction of temperature profiles see <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 10495 | |
|---|
| 10496 | |
|---|
| 10497 | |
|---|
| 10498 | |
|---|
| 10499 | |
|---|
| 10500 | |
|---|
| 10501 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 10502 | |
|---|
| 10503 | |
|---|
| 10504 | |
|---|
| 10505 | |
|---|
| 10506 | |
|---|
| 10507 | |
|---|
| 10508 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order. |
|---|
| 10509 | </td> |
|---|
| 10510 | |
|---|
| 10511 | |
|---|
| 10512 | |
|---|
| 10513 | |
|---|
| 10514 | |
|---|
| 10515 | |
|---|
| 10516 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10517 | |
|---|
| 10518 | |
|---|
| 10519 | |
|---|
| 10520 | |
|---|
| 10521 | |
|---|
| 10522 | |
|---|
| 10523 | <tr> |
|---|
| 10524 | |
|---|
| 10525 | |
|---|
| 10526 | |
|---|
| 10527 | |
|---|
| 10528 | |
|---|
| 10529 | |
|---|
| 10530 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10531 | |
|---|
| 10532 | |
|---|
| 10533 | |
|---|
| 10534 | |
|---|
| 10535 | |
|---|
| 10536 | |
|---|
| 10537 | <p><a name="q_surface"></a><b>q_surface</b></p> |
|---|
| 10538 | |
|---|
| 10539 | |
|---|
| 10540 | |
|---|
| 10541 | |
|---|
| 10542 | |
|---|
| 10543 | |
|---|
| 10544 | |
|---|
| 10545 | </td> |
|---|
| 10546 | |
|---|
| 10547 | |
|---|
| 10548 | |
|---|
| 10549 | |
|---|
| 10550 | |
|---|
| 10551 | |
|---|
| 10552 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 10553 | |
|---|
| 10554 | |
|---|
| 10555 | |
|---|
| 10556 | |
|---|
| 10557 | |
|---|
| 10558 | |
|---|
| 10559 | |
|---|
| 10560 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 10561 | |
|---|
| 10562 | |
|---|
| 10563 | |
|---|
| 10564 | |
|---|
| 10565 | |
|---|
| 10566 | |
|---|
| 10567 | |
|---|
| 10568 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10569 | |
|---|
| 10570 | |
|---|
| 10571 | |
|---|
| 10572 | |
|---|
| 10573 | |
|---|
| 10574 | |
|---|
| 10575 | <p>Surface |
|---|
| 10576 | specific humidity / total water content (kg/kg). </p> |
|---|
| 10577 | |
|---|
| 10578 | |
|---|
| 10579 | |
|---|
| 10580 | |
|---|
| 10581 | |
|---|
| 10582 | |
|---|
| 10583 | |
|---|
| 10584 | |
|---|
| 10585 | |
|---|
| 10586 | |
|---|
| 10587 | |
|---|
| 10588 | |
|---|
| 10589 | |
|---|
| 10590 | <p>This |
|---|
| 10591 | parameter assigns the value of the specific humidity q at |
|---|
| 10592 | the surface (k=0). Starting from this value, the initial |
|---|
| 10593 | humidity |
|---|
| 10594 | profile is constructed with <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 10595 | and <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 10596 | This profile is also used for the 1d-model as a stationary profile.</p> |
|---|
| 10597 | |
|---|
| 10598 | |
|---|
| 10599 | |
|---|
| 10600 | |
|---|
| 10601 | |
|---|
| 10602 | |
|---|
| 10603 | |
|---|
| 10604 | </td> |
|---|
| 10605 | |
|---|
| 10606 | |
|---|
| 10607 | |
|---|
| 10608 | |
|---|
| 10609 | |
|---|
| 10610 | |
|---|
| 10611 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10612 | |
|---|
| 10613 | |
|---|
| 10614 | |
|---|
| 10615 | |
|---|
| 10616 | |
|---|
| 10617 | |
|---|
| 10618 | <tr> |
|---|
| 10619 | |
|---|
| 10620 | |
|---|
| 10621 | |
|---|
| 10622 | |
|---|
| 10623 | |
|---|
| 10624 | |
|---|
| 10625 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10626 | |
|---|
| 10627 | |
|---|
| 10628 | |
|---|
| 10629 | |
|---|
| 10630 | |
|---|
| 10631 | |
|---|
| 10632 | <p><a name="q_surface_initial_change"></a><b>q_surface_initial</b> |
|---|
| 10633 | <br> |
|---|
| 10634 | |
|---|
| 10635 | |
|---|
| 10636 | |
|---|
| 10637 | |
|---|
| 10638 | |
|---|
| 10639 | |
|---|
| 10640 | <b>_change</b></p> |
|---|
| 10641 | |
|---|
| 10642 | |
|---|
| 10643 | |
|---|
| 10644 | |
|---|
| 10645 | |
|---|
| 10646 | |
|---|
| 10647 | </td> |
|---|
| 10648 | |
|---|
| 10649 | |
|---|
| 10650 | |
|---|
| 10651 | |
|---|
| 10652 | |
|---|
| 10653 | |
|---|
| 10654 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
|---|
| 10655 | |
|---|
| 10656 | |
|---|
| 10657 | |
|---|
| 10658 | |
|---|
| 10659 | |
|---|
| 10660 | |
|---|
| 10661 | </td> |
|---|
| 10662 | |
|---|
| 10663 | |
|---|
| 10664 | |
|---|
| 10665 | |
|---|
| 10666 | |
|---|
| 10667 | |
|---|
| 10668 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 10669 | |
|---|
| 10670 | |
|---|
| 10671 | |
|---|
| 10672 | |
|---|
| 10673 | |
|---|
| 10674 | |
|---|
| 10675 | |
|---|
| 10676 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10677 | |
|---|
| 10678 | |
|---|
| 10679 | |
|---|
| 10680 | |
|---|
| 10681 | |
|---|
| 10682 | |
|---|
| 10683 | <p>Change in |
|---|
| 10684 | surface specific humidity / total water content to |
|---|
| 10685 | be made at the beginning |
|---|
| 10686 | of the 3d run (kg/kg). </p> |
|---|
| 10687 | |
|---|
| 10688 | |
|---|
| 10689 | |
|---|
| 10690 | |
|---|
| 10691 | |
|---|
| 10692 | |
|---|
| 10693 | |
|---|
| 10694 | |
|---|
| 10695 | |
|---|
| 10696 | |
|---|
| 10697 | |
|---|
| 10698 | |
|---|
| 10699 | |
|---|
| 10700 | <p>If <b>q_surface_initial_change</b><i> |
|---|
| 10701 | </i>is set to a |
|---|
| 10702 | non-zero value the |
|---|
| 10703 | near surface latent heat flux (water flux) is not allowed to be given |
|---|
| 10704 | simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 10705 | |
|---|
| 10706 | |
|---|
| 10707 | |
|---|
| 10708 | |
|---|
| 10709 | |
|---|
| 10710 | |
|---|
| 10711 | |
|---|
| 10712 | </td> |
|---|
| 10713 | |
|---|
| 10714 | |
|---|
| 10715 | |
|---|
| 10716 | |
|---|
| 10717 | |
|---|
| 10718 | |
|---|
| 10719 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10720 | |
|---|
| 10721 | |
|---|
| 10722 | |
|---|
| 10723 | |
|---|
| 10724 | |
|---|
| 10725 | |
|---|
| 10726 | <tr> |
|---|
| 10727 | |
|---|
| 10728 | |
|---|
| 10729 | |
|---|
| 10730 | |
|---|
| 10731 | |
|---|
| 10732 | |
|---|
| 10733 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10734 | |
|---|
| 10735 | |
|---|
| 10736 | |
|---|
| 10737 | |
|---|
| 10738 | |
|---|
| 10739 | |
|---|
| 10740 | <p><a name="q_vertical_gradient"></a><b>q_vertical_gradient</b></p> |
|---|
| 10741 | |
|---|
| 10742 | |
|---|
| 10743 | |
|---|
| 10744 | |
|---|
| 10745 | |
|---|
| 10746 | |
|---|
| 10747 | |
|---|
| 10748 | </td> |
|---|
| 10749 | |
|---|
| 10750 | |
|---|
| 10751 | |
|---|
| 10752 | |
|---|
| 10753 | |
|---|
| 10754 | |
|---|
| 10755 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 10756 | |
|---|
| 10757 | |
|---|
| 10758 | |
|---|
| 10759 | |
|---|
| 10760 | |
|---|
| 10761 | |
|---|
| 10762 | |
|---|
| 10763 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 10764 | |
|---|
| 10765 | |
|---|
| 10766 | |
|---|
| 10767 | |
|---|
| 10768 | |
|---|
| 10769 | |
|---|
| 10770 | |
|---|
| 10771 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10772 | |
|---|
| 10773 | |
|---|
| 10774 | |
|---|
| 10775 | |
|---|
| 10776 | |
|---|
| 10777 | |
|---|
| 10778 | <p>Humidity |
|---|
| 10779 | gradient(s) of the initial humidity profile |
|---|
| 10780 | (in 1/100 m). </p> |
|---|
| 10781 | |
|---|
| 10782 | |
|---|
| 10783 | |
|---|
| 10784 | |
|---|
| 10785 | |
|---|
| 10786 | |
|---|
| 10787 | |
|---|
| 10788 | |
|---|
| 10789 | |
|---|
| 10790 | |
|---|
| 10791 | |
|---|
| 10792 | |
|---|
| 10793 | |
|---|
| 10794 | <p>This humidity gradient |
|---|
| 10795 | holds starting from the height |
|---|
| 10796 | level defined by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 10797 | (precisely: for all uv levels k, where zu(k) > |
|---|
| 10798 | q_vertical_gradient_level, |
|---|
| 10799 | q_init(k) is set: q_init(k) = q_init(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>q_vertical_gradient</b>) |
|---|
| 10800 | up to the top boundary or up to the next height level defined |
|---|
| 10801 | by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 10802 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
|---|
| 10803 | if <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 10804 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be asigned. The surface humidity is |
|---|
| 10805 | assigned |
|---|
| 10806 | via <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>. </p> |
|---|
| 10807 | |
|---|
| 10808 | |
|---|
| 10809 | |
|---|
| 10810 | |
|---|
| 10811 | |
|---|
| 10812 | |
|---|
| 10813 | |
|---|
| 10814 | |
|---|
| 10815 | |
|---|
| 10816 | |
|---|
| 10817 | |
|---|
| 10818 | |
|---|
| 10819 | |
|---|
| 10820 | <p>Example: </p> |
|---|
| 10821 | |
|---|
| 10822 | |
|---|
| 10823 | |
|---|
| 10824 | |
|---|
| 10825 | |
|---|
| 10826 | |
|---|
| 10827 | |
|---|
| 10828 | |
|---|
| 10829 | |
|---|
| 10830 | |
|---|
| 10831 | |
|---|
| 10832 | |
|---|
| 10833 | |
|---|
| 10834 | <ul> |
|---|
| 10835 | |
|---|
| 10836 | |
|---|
| 10837 | |
|---|
| 10838 | |
|---|
| 10839 | |
|---|
| 10840 | |
|---|
| 10841 | |
|---|
| 10842 | |
|---|
| 10843 | |
|---|
| 10844 | |
|---|
| 10845 | |
|---|
| 10846 | |
|---|
| 10847 | |
|---|
| 10848 | <p><b>q_vertical_gradient</b> |
|---|
| 10849 | = <i>0.001</i>, <i>0.0005</i>, <br> |
|---|
| 10850 | |
|---|
| 10851 | |
|---|
| 10852 | |
|---|
| 10853 | |
|---|
| 10854 | |
|---|
| 10855 | |
|---|
| 10856 | |
|---|
| 10857 | <b>q_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>, |
|---|
| 10858 | <i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
|---|
| 10859 | |
|---|
| 10860 | |
|---|
| 10861 | |
|---|
| 10862 | |
|---|
| 10863 | |
|---|
| 10864 | |
|---|
| 10865 | |
|---|
| 10866 | |
|---|
| 10867 | |
|---|
| 10868 | |
|---|
| 10869 | |
|---|
| 10870 | |
|---|
| 10871 | |
|---|
| 10872 | </ul> |
|---|
| 10873 | |
|---|
| 10874 | |
|---|
| 10875 | |
|---|
| 10876 | |
|---|
| 10877 | |
|---|
| 10878 | |
|---|
| 10879 | |
|---|
| 10880 | That defines the humidity to be constant with height up to z = |
|---|
| 10881 | 500.0 |
|---|
| 10882 | m with a |
|---|
| 10883 | value given by <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 10884 | For 500.0 m < z <= 1000.0 m the humidity gradient is |
|---|
| 10885 | 0.001 / 100 |
|---|
| 10886 | m and for z > 1000.0 m up to the top boundary it is |
|---|
| 10887 | 0.0005 / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels |
|---|
| 10888 | correspond with uv |
|---|
| 10889 | levels). </td> |
|---|
| 10890 | |
|---|
| 10891 | |
|---|
| 10892 | |
|---|
| 10893 | |
|---|
| 10894 | |
|---|
| 10895 | |
|---|
| 10896 | </tr> |
|---|
| 10897 | |
|---|
| 10898 | |
|---|
| 10899 | |
|---|
| 10900 | |
|---|
| 10901 | |
|---|
| 10902 | |
|---|
| 10903 | <tr> |
|---|
| 10904 | |
|---|
| 10905 | |
|---|
| 10906 | |
|---|
| 10907 | |
|---|
| 10908 | |
|---|
| 10909 | |
|---|
| 10910 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10911 | |
|---|
| 10912 | |
|---|
| 10913 | |
|---|
| 10914 | |
|---|
| 10915 | |
|---|
| 10916 | |
|---|
| 10917 | <p><a name="q_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>q_vertical_gradient</b> |
|---|
| 10918 | <br> |
|---|
| 10919 | |
|---|
| 10920 | |
|---|
| 10921 | |
|---|
| 10922 | |
|---|
| 10923 | |
|---|
| 10924 | |
|---|
| 10925 | <b>_level</b></p> |
|---|
| 10926 | |
|---|
| 10927 | |
|---|
| 10928 | |
|---|
| 10929 | |
|---|
| 10930 | |
|---|
| 10931 | |
|---|
| 10932 | </td> |
|---|
| 10933 | |
|---|
| 10934 | |
|---|
| 10935 | |
|---|
| 10936 | |
|---|
| 10937 | |
|---|
| 10938 | |
|---|
| 10939 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 10940 | |
|---|
| 10941 | |
|---|
| 10942 | |
|---|
| 10943 | |
|---|
| 10944 | |
|---|
| 10945 | |
|---|
| 10946 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10947 | |
|---|
| 10948 | |
|---|
| 10949 | |
|---|
| 10950 | |
|---|
| 10951 | |
|---|
| 10952 | |
|---|
| 10953 | <p><i>10 *</i> |
|---|
| 10954 | <i>0.0</i></p> |
|---|
| 10955 | |
|---|
| 10956 | |
|---|
| 10957 | |
|---|
| 10958 | |
|---|
| 10959 | |
|---|
| 10960 | |
|---|
| 10961 | </td> |
|---|
| 10962 | |
|---|
| 10963 | |
|---|
| 10964 | |
|---|
| 10965 | |
|---|
| 10966 | |
|---|
| 10967 | |
|---|
| 10968 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 10969 | |
|---|
| 10970 | |
|---|
| 10971 | |
|---|
| 10972 | |
|---|
| 10973 | |
|---|
| 10974 | |
|---|
| 10975 | <p>Height level from |
|---|
| 10976 | which on the humidity gradient defined by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 10977 | is effective (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 10978 | |
|---|
| 10979 | |
|---|
| 10980 | |
|---|
| 10981 | |
|---|
| 10982 | |
|---|
| 10983 | |
|---|
| 10984 | |
|---|
| 10985 | |
|---|
| 10986 | |
|---|
| 10987 | |
|---|
| 10988 | |
|---|
| 10989 | |
|---|
| 10990 | |
|---|
| 10991 | <p>The height levels |
|---|
| 10992 | are to be assigned in ascending order. The |
|---|
| 10993 | default values result in a humidity constant with height regardless of |
|---|
| 10994 | the values of <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 10995 | (unless the top boundary of the model is higher than 100000.0 m). For |
|---|
| 10996 | the piecewise construction of humidity profiles see <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 10997 | |
|---|
| 10998 | |
|---|
| 10999 | |
|---|
| 11000 | |
|---|
| 11001 | |
|---|
| 11002 | |
|---|
| 11003 | |
|---|
| 11004 | </td> |
|---|
| 11005 | |
|---|
| 11006 | |
|---|
| 11007 | |
|---|
| 11008 | |
|---|
| 11009 | |
|---|
| 11010 | |
|---|
| 11011 | </tr> |
|---|
| 11012 | |
|---|
| 11013 | |
|---|
| 11014 | |
|---|
| 11015 | |
|---|
| 11016 | |
|---|
| 11017 | |
|---|
| 11018 | <tr> |
|---|
| 11019 | |
|---|
| 11020 | |
|---|
| 11021 | |
|---|
| 11022 | |
|---|
| 11023 | |
|---|
| 11024 | |
|---|
| 11025 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11026 | |
|---|
| 11027 | |
|---|
| 11028 | |
|---|
| 11029 | |
|---|
| 11030 | |
|---|
| 11031 | |
|---|
| 11032 | <p><a name="radiation"></a><b>radiation</b></p> |
|---|
| 11033 | |
|---|
| 11034 | |
|---|
| 11035 | |
|---|
| 11036 | |
|---|
| 11037 | |
|---|
| 11038 | |
|---|
| 11039 | |
|---|
| 11040 | </td> |
|---|
| 11041 | |
|---|
| 11042 | |
|---|
| 11043 | |
|---|
| 11044 | |
|---|
| 11045 | |
|---|
| 11046 | |
|---|
| 11047 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 11048 | |
|---|
| 11049 | |
|---|
| 11050 | |
|---|
| 11051 | |
|---|
| 11052 | |
|---|
| 11053 | |
|---|
| 11054 | |
|---|
| 11055 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
|---|
| 11056 | |
|---|
| 11057 | |
|---|
| 11058 | |
|---|
| 11059 | |
|---|
| 11060 | |
|---|
| 11061 | |
|---|
| 11062 | |
|---|
| 11063 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11064 | |
|---|
| 11065 | |
|---|
| 11066 | |
|---|
| 11067 | |
|---|
| 11068 | |
|---|
| 11069 | |
|---|
| 11070 | <p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 11071 | switch on longwave radiation cooling at |
|---|
| 11072 | cloud-tops. </p> |
|---|
| 11073 | |
|---|
| 11074 | |
|---|
| 11075 | |
|---|
| 11076 | |
|---|
| 11077 | |
|---|
| 11078 | |
|---|
| 11079 | |
|---|
| 11080 | |
|---|
| 11081 | |
|---|
| 11082 | |
|---|
| 11083 | |
|---|
| 11084 | |
|---|
| 11085 | |
|---|
| 11086 | <p>Long-wave radiation |
|---|
| 11087 | processes are parameterized by the |
|---|
| 11088 | effective emissivity, which considers only the absorption and emission |
|---|
| 11089 | of long-wave radiation at cloud droplets. The radiation scheme can be |
|---|
| 11090 | used only with <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a> |
|---|
| 11091 | = .TRUE. .</p> |
|---|
| 11092 | |
|---|
| 11093 | |
|---|
| 11094 | |
|---|
| 11095 | |
|---|
| 11096 | |
|---|
| 11097 | |
|---|
| 11098 | </td> |
|---|
| 11099 | |
|---|
| 11100 | |
|---|
| 11101 | |
|---|
| 11102 | |
|---|
| 11103 | |
|---|
| 11104 | |
|---|
| 11105 | </tr> |
|---|
| 11106 | |
|---|
| 11107 | |
|---|
| 11108 | |
|---|
| 11109 | |
|---|
| 11110 | |
|---|
| 11111 | |
|---|
| 11112 | <tr> |
|---|
| 11113 | |
|---|
| 11114 | |
|---|
| 11115 | |
|---|
| 11116 | |
|---|
| 11117 | |
|---|
| 11118 | |
|---|
| 11119 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11120 | |
|---|
| 11121 | |
|---|
| 11122 | |
|---|
| 11123 | |
|---|
| 11124 | |
|---|
| 11125 | |
|---|
| 11126 | <p><a name="random_generator"></a><b>random_generator</b></p> |
|---|
| 11127 | |
|---|
| 11128 | |
|---|
| 11129 | |
|---|
| 11130 | |
|---|
| 11131 | |
|---|
| 11132 | |
|---|
| 11133 | |
|---|
| 11134 | </td> |
|---|
| 11135 | |
|---|
| 11136 | |
|---|
| 11137 | |
|---|
| 11138 | |
|---|
| 11139 | |
|---|
| 11140 | |
|---|
| 11141 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 11142 | |
|---|
| 11143 | |
|---|
| 11144 | |
|---|
| 11145 | |
|---|
| 11146 | |
|---|
| 11147 | |
|---|
| 11148 | |
|---|
| 11149 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11150 | |
|---|
| 11151 | |
|---|
| 11152 | |
|---|
| 11153 | |
|---|
| 11154 | |
|---|
| 11155 | |
|---|
| 11156 | <p><i>'numerical</i><br> |
|---|
| 11157 | |
|---|
| 11158 | |
|---|
| 11159 | |
|---|
| 11160 | |
|---|
| 11161 | |
|---|
| 11162 | |
|---|
| 11163 | |
|---|
| 11164 | <i>recipes'</i></p> |
|---|
| 11165 | |
|---|
| 11166 | |
|---|
| 11167 | |
|---|
| 11168 | |
|---|
| 11169 | |
|---|
| 11170 | |
|---|
| 11171 | </td> |
|---|
| 11172 | |
|---|
| 11173 | |
|---|
| 11174 | |
|---|
| 11175 | |
|---|
| 11176 | |
|---|
| 11177 | |
|---|
| 11178 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11179 | |
|---|
| 11180 | |
|---|
| 11181 | |
|---|
| 11182 | |
|---|
| 11183 | |
|---|
| 11184 | |
|---|
| 11185 | <p>Random number |
|---|
| 11186 | generator to be used for creating uniformly |
|---|
| 11187 | distributed random numbers. <br> |
|---|
| 11188 | |
|---|
| 11189 | |
|---|
| 11190 | |
|---|
| 11191 | |
|---|
| 11192 | |
|---|
| 11193 | |
|---|
| 11194 | </p> |
|---|
| 11195 | |
|---|
| 11196 | |
|---|
| 11197 | |
|---|
| 11198 | |
|---|
| 11199 | |
|---|
| 11200 | |
|---|
| 11201 | |
|---|
| 11202 | |
|---|
| 11203 | |
|---|
| 11204 | |
|---|
| 11205 | |
|---|
| 11206 | |
|---|
| 11207 | |
|---|
| 11208 | <p>It is |
|---|
| 11209 | used if random perturbations are to be imposed on the |
|---|
| 11210 | velocity field or on the surface heat flux field (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a> |
|---|
| 11211 | and <a href="chapter_4.2.html#random_heatflux">random_heatflux</a>). |
|---|
| 11212 | By default, the "Numerical Recipes" random number generator is used. |
|---|
| 11213 | This one provides exactly the same order of random numbers on all |
|---|
| 11214 | different machines and should be used in particular for comparison runs.<br> |
|---|
| 11215 | |
|---|
| 11216 | |
|---|
| 11217 | |
|---|
| 11218 | |
|---|
| 11219 | |
|---|
| 11220 | |
|---|
| 11221 | |
|---|
| 11222 | <br> |
|---|
| 11223 | |
|---|
| 11224 | |
|---|
| 11225 | |
|---|
| 11226 | |
|---|
| 11227 | |
|---|
| 11228 | |
|---|
| 11229 | |
|---|
| 11230 | Besides, a system-specific generator is available ( <b>random_generator</b> |
|---|
| 11231 | = <i>'system-specific')</i> which should particularly be |
|---|
| 11232 | used for runs |
|---|
| 11233 | on vector parallel computers (NEC), because the default generator |
|---|
| 11234 | cannot be vectorized and therefore significantly drops down the code |
|---|
| 11235 | performance on these machines.<br> |
|---|
| 11236 | |
|---|
| 11237 | |
|---|
| 11238 | |
|---|
| 11239 | |
|---|
| 11240 | |
|---|
| 11241 | |
|---|
| 11242 | </p> |
|---|
| 11243 | |
|---|
| 11244 | |
|---|
| 11245 | |
|---|
| 11246 | |
|---|
| 11247 | |
|---|
| 11248 | |
|---|
| 11249 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
|---|
| 11250 | |
|---|
| 11251 | |
|---|
| 11252 | |
|---|
| 11253 | |
|---|
| 11254 | |
|---|
| 11255 | |
|---|
| 11256 | |
|---|
| 11257 | Results from two otherwise identical model runs will not be comparable |
|---|
| 11258 | one-to-one if they used different random number generators.</td> |
|---|
| 11259 | |
|---|
| 11260 | |
|---|
| 11261 | |
|---|
| 11262 | |
|---|
| 11263 | |
|---|
| 11264 | |
|---|
| 11265 | </tr> |
|---|
| 11266 | |
|---|
| 11267 | |
|---|
| 11268 | |
|---|
| 11269 | |
|---|
| 11270 | |
|---|
| 11271 | |
|---|
| 11272 | |
|---|
| 11273 | <tr> |
|---|
| 11274 | |
|---|
| 11275 | |
|---|
| 11276 | |
|---|
| 11277 | |
|---|
| 11278 | |
|---|
| 11279 | |
|---|
| 11280 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11281 | |
|---|
| 11282 | |
|---|
| 11283 | |
|---|
| 11284 | |
|---|
| 11285 | |
|---|
| 11286 | |
|---|
| 11287 | <p><a name="random_heatflux"></a><b>random_heatflux</b></p> |
|---|
| 11288 | |
|---|
| 11289 | |
|---|
| 11290 | |
|---|
| 11291 | |
|---|
| 11292 | |
|---|
| 11293 | |
|---|
| 11294 | |
|---|
| 11295 | </td> |
|---|
| 11296 | |
|---|
| 11297 | |
|---|
| 11298 | |
|---|
| 11299 | |
|---|
| 11300 | |
|---|
| 11301 | |
|---|
| 11302 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 11303 | |
|---|
| 11304 | |
|---|
| 11305 | |
|---|
| 11306 | |
|---|
| 11307 | |
|---|
| 11308 | |
|---|
| 11309 | |
|---|
| 11310 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
|---|
| 11311 | |
|---|
| 11312 | |
|---|
| 11313 | |
|---|
| 11314 | |
|---|
| 11315 | |
|---|
| 11316 | |
|---|
| 11317 | |
|---|
| 11318 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11319 | |
|---|
| 11320 | |
|---|
| 11321 | |
|---|
| 11322 | |
|---|
| 11323 | |
|---|
| 11324 | |
|---|
| 11325 | <p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 11326 | impose random perturbations on the internal two-dimensional near |
|---|
| 11327 | surface heat flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span>. |
|---|
| 11328 | <br> |
|---|
| 11329 | |
|---|
| 11330 | |
|---|
| 11331 | |
|---|
| 11332 | |
|---|
| 11333 | |
|---|
| 11334 | |
|---|
| 11335 | </p> |
|---|
| 11336 | |
|---|
| 11337 | |
|---|
| 11338 | |
|---|
| 11339 | |
|---|
| 11340 | |
|---|
| 11341 | |
|---|
| 11342 | If a near surface heat flux is used as bottom |
|---|
| 11343 | boundary |
|---|
| 11344 | condition (see <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>), |
|---|
| 11345 | it is by default assumed to be horizontally homogeneous. Random |
|---|
| 11346 | perturbations can be imposed on the internal |
|---|
| 11347 | two-dimensional heat flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> by assigning <b>random_heatflux</b> |
|---|
| 11348 | = <i>.T.</i>. The disturbed heat flux field is calculated |
|---|
| 11349 | by |
|---|
| 11350 | multiplying the |
|---|
| 11351 | values at each mesh point with a normally distributed random number |
|---|
| 11352 | with a mean value and standard deviation of 1. This is repeated after |
|---|
| 11353 | every timestep.<br> |
|---|
| 11354 | |
|---|
| 11355 | |
|---|
| 11356 | |
|---|
| 11357 | |
|---|
| 11358 | |
|---|
| 11359 | |
|---|
| 11360 | <br> |
|---|
| 11361 | |
|---|
| 11362 | |
|---|
| 11363 | |
|---|
| 11364 | |
|---|
| 11365 | |
|---|
| 11366 | |
|---|
| 11367 | |
|---|
| 11368 | In case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a>, assigning |
|---|
| 11369 | <b>random_heatflux</b> |
|---|
| 11370 | = <i>.T.</i> imposes random perturbations on the |
|---|
| 11371 | combined heat |
|---|
| 11372 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> |
|---|
| 11373 | composed of <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a> |
|---|
| 11374 | at the bottom surface and <a href="#wall_heatflux">wall_heatflux(0)</a> |
|---|
| 11375 | at the topography top face.</td> |
|---|
| 11376 | |
|---|
| 11377 | |
|---|
| 11378 | |
|---|
| 11379 | |
|---|
| 11380 | |
|---|
| 11381 | |
|---|
| 11382 | </tr> |
|---|
| 11383 | |
|---|
| 11384 | |
|---|
| 11385 | |
|---|
| 11386 | |
|---|
| 11387 | |
|---|
| 11388 | |
|---|
| 11389 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="recycling_width"></a>recycling_width</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.1 * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a> * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a></span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance of the recycling plane from the inflow boundary (in m).<br><br>This |
|---|
| 11390 | parameter sets the horizontal extension (along the direction of the |
|---|
| 11391 | main flow) of the so-called recycling domain which is used to generate |
|---|
| 11392 | a turbulent inflow (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#turbulent_inflow">turbulent_inflow</a>). <span style="font-weight: bold;">recycling_width</span> must be larger than the grid spacing (dx) and smaller than the length of the total domain (nx * dx).</td></tr><tr> |
|---|
| 11393 | |
|---|
| 11394 | |
|---|
| 11395 | |
|---|
| 11396 | |
|---|
| 11397 | |
|---|
| 11398 | |
|---|
| 11399 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11400 | |
|---|
| 11401 | |
|---|
| 11402 | |
|---|
| 11403 | |
|---|
| 11404 | |
|---|
| 11405 | |
|---|
| 11406 | <p><a name="rif_max"></a><b>rif_max</b></p> |
|---|
| 11407 | |
|---|
| 11408 | |
|---|
| 11409 | |
|---|
| 11410 | |
|---|
| 11411 | |
|---|
| 11412 | |
|---|
| 11413 | |
|---|
| 11414 | </td> |
|---|
| 11415 | |
|---|
| 11416 | |
|---|
| 11417 | |
|---|
| 11418 | |
|---|
| 11419 | |
|---|
| 11420 | |
|---|
| 11421 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 11422 | |
|---|
| 11423 | |
|---|
| 11424 | |
|---|
| 11425 | |
|---|
| 11426 | |
|---|
| 11427 | |
|---|
| 11428 | |
|---|
| 11429 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 11430 | |
|---|
| 11431 | |
|---|
| 11432 | |
|---|
| 11433 | |
|---|
| 11434 | |
|---|
| 11435 | |
|---|
| 11436 | |
|---|
| 11437 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11438 | |
|---|
| 11439 | |
|---|
| 11440 | |
|---|
| 11441 | |
|---|
| 11442 | |
|---|
| 11443 | |
|---|
| 11444 | <p>Upper limit of |
|---|
| 11445 | the flux-Richardson number. </p> |
|---|
| 11446 | |
|---|
| 11447 | |
|---|
| 11448 | |
|---|
| 11449 | |
|---|
| 11450 | |
|---|
| 11451 | |
|---|
| 11452 | |
|---|
| 11453 | |
|---|
| 11454 | |
|---|
| 11455 | |
|---|
| 11456 | |
|---|
| 11457 | |
|---|
| 11458 | |
|---|
| 11459 | <p>With the |
|---|
| 11460 | Prandtl layer switched on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>), |
|---|
| 11461 | flux-Richardson numbers (rif) are calculated for z=z<sub>p</sub> |
|---|
| 11462 | (k=1) |
|---|
| 11463 | in the 3d-model (in the 1d model for all heights). Their values in |
|---|
| 11464 | particular determine the |
|---|
| 11465 | values of the friction velocity (1d- and 3d-model) and the values of |
|---|
| 11466 | the eddy diffusivity (1d-model). With small wind velocities at the |
|---|
| 11467 | Prandtl layer top or small vertical wind shears in the 1d-model, rif |
|---|
| 11468 | can take up unrealistic large values. They are limited by an upper (<span style="font-weight: bold;">rif_max</span>) and lower |
|---|
| 11469 | limit (see <a href="#rif_min">rif_min</a>) |
|---|
| 11470 | for the flux-Richardson number. The condition <b>rif_max</b> |
|---|
| 11471 | > <b>rif_min</b> |
|---|
| 11472 | must be met.</p> |
|---|
| 11473 | |
|---|
| 11474 | |
|---|
| 11475 | |
|---|
| 11476 | |
|---|
| 11477 | |
|---|
| 11478 | |
|---|
| 11479 | </td> |
|---|
| 11480 | |
|---|
| 11481 | |
|---|
| 11482 | |
|---|
| 11483 | |
|---|
| 11484 | |
|---|
| 11485 | |
|---|
| 11486 | </tr> |
|---|
| 11487 | |
|---|
| 11488 | |
|---|
| 11489 | |
|---|
| 11490 | |
|---|
| 11491 | |
|---|
| 11492 | |
|---|
| 11493 | <tr> |
|---|
| 11494 | |
|---|
| 11495 | |
|---|
| 11496 | |
|---|
| 11497 | |
|---|
| 11498 | |
|---|
| 11499 | |
|---|
| 11500 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11501 | |
|---|
| 11502 | |
|---|
| 11503 | |
|---|
| 11504 | |
|---|
| 11505 | |
|---|
| 11506 | |
|---|
| 11507 | <p><a name="rif_min"></a><b>rif_min</b></p> |
|---|
| 11508 | |
|---|
| 11509 | |
|---|
| 11510 | |
|---|
| 11511 | |
|---|
| 11512 | |
|---|
| 11513 | |
|---|
| 11514 | |
|---|
| 11515 | </td> |
|---|
| 11516 | |
|---|
| 11517 | |
|---|
| 11518 | |
|---|
| 11519 | |
|---|
| 11520 | |
|---|
| 11521 | |
|---|
| 11522 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 11523 | |
|---|
| 11524 | |
|---|
| 11525 | |
|---|
| 11526 | |
|---|
| 11527 | |
|---|
| 11528 | |
|---|
| 11529 | |
|---|
| 11530 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>- 5.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 11531 | |
|---|
| 11532 | |
|---|
| 11533 | |
|---|
| 11534 | |
|---|
| 11535 | |
|---|
| 11536 | |
|---|
| 11537 | |
|---|
| 11538 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11539 | |
|---|
| 11540 | |
|---|
| 11541 | |
|---|
| 11542 | |
|---|
| 11543 | |
|---|
| 11544 | |
|---|
| 11545 | <p>Lower limit of |
|---|
| 11546 | the flux-Richardson number. </p> |
|---|
| 11547 | |
|---|
| 11548 | |
|---|
| 11549 | |
|---|
| 11550 | |
|---|
| 11551 | |
|---|
| 11552 | |
|---|
| 11553 | |
|---|
| 11554 | |
|---|
| 11555 | |
|---|
| 11556 | |
|---|
| 11557 | |
|---|
| 11558 | |
|---|
| 11559 | |
|---|
| 11560 | <p>For further |
|---|
| 11561 | explanations see <a href="#rif_max">rif_max</a>. |
|---|
| 11562 | The condition <b>rif_max</b> > <b>rif_min </b>must |
|---|
| 11563 | be met.</p> |
|---|
| 11564 | |
|---|
| 11565 | |
|---|
| 11566 | |
|---|
| 11567 | |
|---|
| 11568 | |
|---|
| 11569 | |
|---|
| 11570 | </td> |
|---|
| 11571 | |
|---|
| 11572 | |
|---|
| 11573 | |
|---|
| 11574 | |
|---|
| 11575 | |
|---|
| 11576 | |
|---|
| 11577 | </tr> |
|---|
| 11578 | |
|---|
| 11579 | |
|---|
| 11580 | |
|---|
| 11581 | |
|---|
| 11582 | |
|---|
| 11583 | |
|---|
| 11584 | <tr> |
|---|
| 11585 | |
|---|
| 11586 | |
|---|
| 11587 | |
|---|
| 11588 | |
|---|
| 11589 | |
|---|
| 11590 | |
|---|
| 11591 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11592 | |
|---|
| 11593 | |
|---|
| 11594 | |
|---|
| 11595 | |
|---|
| 11596 | |
|---|
| 11597 | |
|---|
| 11598 | <p><a name="roughness_length"></a><b>roughness_length</b></p> |
|---|
| 11599 | |
|---|
| 11600 | |
|---|
| 11601 | |
|---|
| 11602 | |
|---|
| 11603 | |
|---|
| 11604 | |
|---|
| 11605 | |
|---|
| 11606 | </td> |
|---|
| 11607 | |
|---|
| 11608 | |
|---|
| 11609 | |
|---|
| 11610 | |
|---|
| 11611 | |
|---|
| 11612 | |
|---|
| 11613 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 11614 | |
|---|
| 11615 | |
|---|
| 11616 | |
|---|
| 11617 | |
|---|
| 11618 | |
|---|
| 11619 | |
|---|
| 11620 | |
|---|
| 11621 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.1</i></td> |
|---|
| 11622 | |
|---|
| 11623 | |
|---|
| 11624 | |
|---|
| 11625 | |
|---|
| 11626 | |
|---|
| 11627 | |
|---|
| 11628 | |
|---|
| 11629 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11630 | |
|---|
| 11631 | |
|---|
| 11632 | |
|---|
| 11633 | |
|---|
| 11634 | |
|---|
| 11635 | |
|---|
| 11636 | <p>Roughness |
|---|
| 11637 | length (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 11638 | |
|---|
| 11639 | |
|---|
| 11640 | |
|---|
| 11641 | |
|---|
| 11642 | |
|---|
| 11643 | |
|---|
| 11644 | |
|---|
| 11645 | |
|---|
| 11646 | |
|---|
| 11647 | |
|---|
| 11648 | |
|---|
| 11649 | |
|---|
| 11650 | |
|---|
| 11651 | <p>This parameter is |
|---|
| 11652 | effective only in case that a Prandtl layer |
|---|
| 11653 | is switched |
|---|
| 11654 | on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 11655 | |
|---|
| 11656 | |
|---|
| 11657 | |
|---|
| 11658 | |
|---|
| 11659 | |
|---|
| 11660 | |
|---|
| 11661 | |
|---|
| 11662 | </td> |
|---|
| 11663 | |
|---|
| 11664 | |
|---|
| 11665 | |
|---|
| 11666 | |
|---|
| 11667 | |
|---|
| 11668 | |
|---|
| 11669 | </tr> |
|---|
| 11670 | |
|---|
| 11671 | |
|---|
| 11672 | |
|---|
| 11673 | |
|---|
| 11674 | |
|---|
| 11675 | |
|---|
| 11676 | <tr> |
|---|
| 11677 | |
|---|
| 11678 | |
|---|
| 11679 | |
|---|
| 11680 | |
|---|
| 11681 | |
|---|
| 11682 | |
|---|
| 11683 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_surface</span></td> |
|---|
| 11684 | |
|---|
| 11685 | |
|---|
| 11686 | |
|---|
| 11687 | |
|---|
| 11688 | |
|---|
| 11689 | |
|---|
| 11690 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 11691 | |
|---|
| 11692 | |
|---|
| 11693 | |
|---|
| 11694 | |
|---|
| 11695 | |
|---|
| 11696 | |
|---|
| 11697 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">35.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 11698 | |
|---|
| 11699 | |
|---|
| 11700 | |
|---|
| 11701 | |
|---|
| 11702 | |
|---|
| 11703 | |
|---|
| 11704 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11705 | |
|---|
| 11706 | |
|---|
| 11707 | |
|---|
| 11708 | |
|---|
| 11709 | |
|---|
| 11710 | |
|---|
| 11711 | <p>Surface salinity (in psu). </p> |
|---|
| 11712 | |
|---|
| 11713 | |
|---|
| 11714 | |
|---|
| 11715 | |
|---|
| 11716 | |
|---|
| 11717 | |
|---|
| 11718 | This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>). |
|---|
| 11719 | |
|---|
| 11720 | |
|---|
| 11721 | |
|---|
| 11722 | |
|---|
| 11723 | |
|---|
| 11724 | |
|---|
| 11725 | <p>This |
|---|
| 11726 | parameter assigns the value of the salinity <span style="font-weight: bold;">sa</span> at the sea surface (k=nzt)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, |
|---|
| 11727 | the |
|---|
| 11728 | initial vertical salinity profile is constructed from the surface down to the bottom of the model (k=0) by using <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 11729 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level |
|---|
| 11730 | </a>.</p> |
|---|
| 11731 | |
|---|
| 11732 | |
|---|
| 11733 | |
|---|
| 11734 | |
|---|
| 11735 | |
|---|
| 11736 | |
|---|
| 11737 | </td> |
|---|
| 11738 | |
|---|
| 11739 | |
|---|
| 11740 | |
|---|
| 11741 | |
|---|
| 11742 | |
|---|
| 11743 | |
|---|
| 11744 | </tr> |
|---|
| 11745 | |
|---|
| 11746 | |
|---|
| 11747 | |
|---|
| 11748 | |
|---|
| 11749 | |
|---|
| 11750 | |
|---|
| 11751 | <tr> |
|---|
| 11752 | |
|---|
| 11753 | |
|---|
| 11754 | |
|---|
| 11755 | |
|---|
| 11756 | |
|---|
| 11757 | |
|---|
| 11758 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_vertical_gradient</span></td> |
|---|
| 11759 | |
|---|
| 11760 | |
|---|
| 11761 | |
|---|
| 11762 | |
|---|
| 11763 | |
|---|
| 11764 | |
|---|
| 11765 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)</td> |
|---|
| 11766 | |
|---|
| 11767 | |
|---|
| 11768 | |
|---|
| 11769 | |
|---|
| 11770 | |
|---|
| 11771 | |
|---|
| 11772 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 11773 | |
|---|
| 11774 | |
|---|
| 11775 | |
|---|
| 11776 | |
|---|
| 11777 | |
|---|
| 11778 | |
|---|
| 11779 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11780 | |
|---|
| 11781 | |
|---|
| 11782 | |
|---|
| 11783 | |
|---|
| 11784 | |
|---|
| 11785 | |
|---|
| 11786 | <p>Salinity gradient(s) of the initial salinity profile (in psu |
|---|
| 11787 | / 100 m). </p> |
|---|
| 11788 | |
|---|
| 11789 | |
|---|
| 11790 | |
|---|
| 11791 | |
|---|
| 11792 | |
|---|
| 11793 | |
|---|
| 11794 | |
|---|
| 11795 | |
|---|
| 11796 | |
|---|
| 11797 | |
|---|
| 11798 | |
|---|
| 11799 | |
|---|
| 11800 | |
|---|
| 11801 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 11802 | |
|---|
| 11803 | |
|---|
| 11804 | |
|---|
| 11805 | |
|---|
| 11806 | |
|---|
| 11807 | |
|---|
| 11808 | |
|---|
| 11809 | |
|---|
| 11810 | |
|---|
| 11811 | |
|---|
| 11812 | |
|---|
| 11813 | |
|---|
| 11814 | <p>This salinity gradient |
|---|
| 11815 | holds starting from the height |
|---|
| 11816 | level defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 11817 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) < |
|---|
| 11818 | sa_vertical_gradient_level, sa_init(k) is set: sa_init(k) = |
|---|
| 11819 | sa_init(k+1) - dzu(k+1) * <b>sa_vertical_gradient</b>) down to the bottom boundary or down to the next height level defined |
|---|
| 11820 | by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 11821 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
|---|
| 11822 | if <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 11823 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The surface salinity at k=nzt is |
|---|
| 11824 | assigned via <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 11825 | </p> |
|---|
| 11826 | |
|---|
| 11827 | |
|---|
| 11828 | |
|---|
| 11829 | |
|---|
| 11830 | |
|---|
| 11831 | |
|---|
| 11832 | |
|---|
| 11833 | |
|---|
| 11834 | |
|---|
| 11835 | |
|---|
| 11836 | |
|---|
| 11837 | |
|---|
| 11838 | |
|---|
| 11839 | <p>Example: </p> |
|---|
| 11840 | |
|---|
| 11841 | |
|---|
| 11842 | |
|---|
| 11843 | |
|---|
| 11844 | |
|---|
| 11845 | |
|---|
| 11846 | |
|---|
| 11847 | |
|---|
| 11848 | |
|---|
| 11849 | |
|---|
| 11850 | |
|---|
| 11851 | |
|---|
| 11852 | |
|---|
| 11853 | <ul> |
|---|
| 11854 | |
|---|
| 11855 | |
|---|
| 11856 | |
|---|
| 11857 | |
|---|
| 11858 | |
|---|
| 11859 | |
|---|
| 11860 | |
|---|
| 11861 | |
|---|
| 11862 | |
|---|
| 11863 | |
|---|
| 11864 | |
|---|
| 11865 | |
|---|
| 11866 | <p><b>sa_vertical_gradient</b> |
|---|
| 11867 | = <i>1.0</i>, <i>0.5</i>, <br> |
|---|
| 11868 | |
|---|
| 11869 | |
|---|
| 11870 | |
|---|
| 11871 | |
|---|
| 11872 | |
|---|
| 11873 | |
|---|
| 11874 | |
|---|
| 11875 | <b>sa_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>-500.0</i>, |
|---|
| 11876 | -<i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
|---|
| 11877 | |
|---|
| 11878 | |
|---|
| 11879 | |
|---|
| 11880 | |
|---|
| 11881 | |
|---|
| 11882 | |
|---|
| 11883 | |
|---|
| 11884 | |
|---|
| 11885 | |
|---|
| 11886 | |
|---|
| 11887 | |
|---|
| 11888 | |
|---|
| 11889 | </ul> |
|---|
| 11890 | |
|---|
| 11891 | |
|---|
| 11892 | |
|---|
| 11893 | |
|---|
| 11894 | |
|---|
| 11895 | |
|---|
| 11896 | |
|---|
| 11897 | |
|---|
| 11898 | |
|---|
| 11899 | |
|---|
| 11900 | |
|---|
| 11901 | |
|---|
| 11902 | |
|---|
| 11903 | <p>That |
|---|
| 11904 | defines the salinity to be constant down to z = -500.0 m with a salinity given by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 11905 | For -500.0 m < z <= -1000.0 m the salinity gradient is |
|---|
| 11906 | 1.0 psu / |
|---|
| 11907 | 100 m and for z < -1000.0 m down to the bottom boundary it is |
|---|
| 11908 | 0.5 psu / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels correspond |
|---|
| 11909 | with uv levels).</p> |
|---|
| 11910 | |
|---|
| 11911 | |
|---|
| 11912 | |
|---|
| 11913 | |
|---|
| 11914 | |
|---|
| 11915 | |
|---|
| 11916 | </td> |
|---|
| 11917 | |
|---|
| 11918 | |
|---|
| 11919 | |
|---|
| 11920 | |
|---|
| 11921 | |
|---|
| 11922 | |
|---|
| 11923 | </tr> |
|---|
| 11924 | |
|---|
| 11925 | |
|---|
| 11926 | |
|---|
| 11927 | |
|---|
| 11928 | |
|---|
| 11929 | |
|---|
| 11930 | <tr> |
|---|
| 11931 | |
|---|
| 11932 | |
|---|
| 11933 | |
|---|
| 11934 | |
|---|
| 11935 | |
|---|
| 11936 | |
|---|
| 11937 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_vertical_gradient_level</span></td> |
|---|
| 11938 | |
|---|
| 11939 | |
|---|
| 11940 | |
|---|
| 11941 | |
|---|
| 11942 | |
|---|
| 11943 | |
|---|
| 11944 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)</td> |
|---|
| 11945 | |
|---|
| 11946 | |
|---|
| 11947 | |
|---|
| 11948 | |
|---|
| 11949 | |
|---|
| 11950 | |
|---|
| 11951 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 11952 | |
|---|
| 11953 | |
|---|
| 11954 | |
|---|
| 11955 | |
|---|
| 11956 | |
|---|
| 11957 | |
|---|
| 11958 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 11959 | |
|---|
| 11960 | |
|---|
| 11961 | |
|---|
| 11962 | |
|---|
| 11963 | |
|---|
| 11964 | |
|---|
| 11965 | <p>Height level from which on the salinity gradient defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 11966 | is effective (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 11967 | |
|---|
| 11968 | |
|---|
| 11969 | |
|---|
| 11970 | |
|---|
| 11971 | |
|---|
| 11972 | |
|---|
| 11973 | |
|---|
| 11974 | |
|---|
| 11975 | |
|---|
| 11976 | |
|---|
| 11977 | |
|---|
| 11978 | |
|---|
| 11979 | |
|---|
| 11980 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 11981 | |
|---|
| 11982 | |
|---|
| 11983 | |
|---|
| 11984 | |
|---|
| 11985 | |
|---|
| 11986 | |
|---|
| 11987 | |
|---|
| 11988 | |
|---|
| 11989 | |
|---|
| 11990 | |
|---|
| 11991 | |
|---|
| 11992 | |
|---|
| 11993 | <p>The height levels have to be assigned in descending order. The |
|---|
| 11994 | default values result in a constant salinity profile regardless of the |
|---|
| 11995 | values of <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 11996 | (unless the bottom boundary of the model is lower than -100000.0 m). |
|---|
| 11997 | For the piecewise construction of salinity profiles see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 11998 | |
|---|
| 11999 | |
|---|
| 12000 | |
|---|
| 12001 | |
|---|
| 12002 | |
|---|
| 12003 | |
|---|
| 12004 | </td> |
|---|
| 12005 | |
|---|
| 12006 | |
|---|
| 12007 | |
|---|
| 12008 | |
|---|
| 12009 | |
|---|
| 12010 | |
|---|
| 12011 | </tr> |
|---|
| 12012 | |
|---|
| 12013 | |
|---|
| 12014 | |
|---|
| 12015 | |
|---|
| 12016 | |
|---|
| 12017 | |
|---|
| 12018 | <tr> |
|---|
| 12019 | |
|---|
| 12020 | |
|---|
| 12021 | |
|---|
| 12022 | |
|---|
| 12023 | |
|---|
| 12024 | |
|---|
| 12025 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 12026 | |
|---|
| 12027 | |
|---|
| 12028 | |
|---|
| 12029 | |
|---|
| 12030 | |
|---|
| 12031 | |
|---|
| 12032 | <p><a name="scalar_advec"></a><b>scalar_advec</b></p> |
|---|
| 12033 | |
|---|
| 12034 | |
|---|
| 12035 | |
|---|
| 12036 | |
|---|
| 12037 | |
|---|
| 12038 | |
|---|
| 12039 | |
|---|
| 12040 | </td> |
|---|
| 12041 | |
|---|
| 12042 | |
|---|
| 12043 | |
|---|
| 12044 | |
|---|
| 12045 | |
|---|
| 12046 | |
|---|
| 12047 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td> |
|---|
| 12048 | |
|---|
| 12049 | |
|---|
| 12050 | |
|---|
| 12051 | |
|---|
| 12052 | |
|---|
| 12053 | |
|---|
| 12054 | |
|---|
| 12055 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'pw-scheme'</i></td> |
|---|
| 12056 | |
|---|
| 12057 | |
|---|
| 12058 | |
|---|
| 12059 | |
|---|
| 12060 | |
|---|
| 12061 | |
|---|
| 12062 | |
|---|
| 12063 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 12064 | |
|---|
| 12065 | |
|---|
| 12066 | |
|---|
| 12067 | |
|---|
| 12068 | |
|---|
| 12069 | |
|---|
| 12070 | <p>Advection |
|---|
| 12071 | scheme to be used for the scalar quantities. </p> |
|---|
| 12072 | |
|---|
| 12073 | |
|---|
| 12074 | |
|---|
| 12075 | |
|---|
| 12076 | |
|---|
| 12077 | |
|---|
| 12078 | |
|---|
| 12079 | |
|---|
| 12080 | |
|---|
| 12081 | |
|---|
| 12082 | |
|---|
| 12083 | |
|---|
| 12084 | |
|---|
| 12085 | <p>The |
|---|
| 12086 | user can choose between the following schemes:<br> |
|---|
| 12087 | |
|---|
| 12088 | |
|---|
| 12089 | |
|---|
| 12090 | |
|---|
| 12091 | |
|---|
| 12092 | |
|---|
| 12093 | </p> |
|---|
| 12094 | |
|---|
| 12095 | |
|---|
| 12096 | |
|---|
| 12097 | |
|---|
| 12098 | |
|---|
| 12099 | |
|---|
| 12100 | |
|---|
| 12101 | |
|---|
| 12102 | |
|---|
| 12103 | |
|---|
| 12104 | |
|---|
| 12105 | |
|---|
| 12106 | |
|---|
| 12107 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'pw-scheme'</span><br> |
|---|
| 12108 | |
|---|
| 12109 | |
|---|
| 12110 | |
|---|
| 12111 | |
|---|
| 12112 | |
|---|
| 12113 | |
|---|
| 12114 | |
|---|
| 12115 | </p> |
|---|
| 12116 | |
|---|
| 12117 | |
|---|
| 12118 | |
|---|
| 12119 | |
|---|
| 12120 | |
|---|
| 12121 | |
|---|
| 12122 | |
|---|
| 12123 | |
|---|
| 12124 | |
|---|
| 12125 | |
|---|
| 12126 | |
|---|
| 12127 | |
|---|
| 12128 | |
|---|
| 12129 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The scheme of |
|---|
| 12130 | Piascek and |
|---|
| 12131 | Williams (1970, J. Comp. Phys., 6, |
|---|
| 12132 | 392-405) with central differences in the form C3 is used.<br> |
|---|
| 12133 | |
|---|
| 12134 | |
|---|
| 12135 | |
|---|
| 12136 | |
|---|
| 12137 | |
|---|
| 12138 | |
|---|
| 12139 | |
|---|
| 12140 | If intermediate Euler-timesteps are carried out in case of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
|---|
| 12141 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> |
|---|
| 12142 | the |
|---|
| 12143 | advection scheme is - for the Euler-timestep - automatically switched |
|---|
| 12144 | to an upstream-scheme. <br> |
|---|
| 12145 | |
|---|
| 12146 | |
|---|
| 12147 | |
|---|
| 12148 | |
|---|
| 12149 | |
|---|
| 12150 | |
|---|
| 12151 | </div> |
|---|
| 12152 | |
|---|
| 12153 | |
|---|
| 12154 | |
|---|
| 12155 | |
|---|
| 12156 | |
|---|
| 12157 | |
|---|
| 12158 | <br> |
|---|
| 12159 | |
|---|
| 12160 | |
|---|
| 12161 | |
|---|
| 12162 | |
|---|
| 12163 | |
|---|
| 12164 | |
|---|
| 12165 | |
|---|
| 12166 | |
|---|
| 12167 | |
|---|
| 12168 | |
|---|
| 12169 | |
|---|
| 12170 | |
|---|
| 12171 | |
|---|
| 12172 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'bc-scheme'</span><br> |
|---|
| 12173 | |
|---|
| 12174 | |
|---|
| 12175 | |
|---|
| 12176 | |
|---|
| 12177 | |
|---|
| 12178 | |
|---|
| 12179 | |
|---|
| 12180 | </p> |
|---|
| 12181 | |
|---|
| 12182 | |
|---|
| 12183 | |
|---|
| 12184 | |
|---|
| 12185 | |
|---|
| 12186 | |
|---|
| 12187 | |
|---|
| 12188 | |
|---|
| 12189 | |
|---|
| 12190 | |
|---|
| 12191 | |
|---|
| 12192 | |
|---|
| 12193 | |
|---|
| 12194 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The Bott |
|---|
| 12195 | scheme modified by |
|---|
| 12196 | Chlond (1994, Mon. |
|---|
| 12197 | Wea. Rev., 122, 111-125). This is a conservative monotonous scheme with |
|---|
| 12198 | very small numerical diffusion and therefore very good conservation of |
|---|
| 12199 | scalar flow features. The scheme however, is computationally very |
|---|
| 12200 | expensive both because it is expensive itself and because it does (so |
|---|
| 12201 | far) not allow specific code optimizations (e.g. cache optimization). |
|---|
| 12202 | Choice of this |
|---|
| 12203 | scheme forces the Euler timestep scheme to be used for the scalar |
|---|
| 12204 | quantities. For output of horizontally averaged |
|---|
| 12205 | profiles of the resolved / total heat flux, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a> |
|---|
| 12206 | = <i>'w*pt*BC'</i> / <i>'wptBC' </i>should |
|---|
| 12207 | be used, instead of the |
|---|
| 12208 | standard profiles (<span style="font-style: italic;">'w*pt*'</span> |
|---|
| 12209 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'wpt'</span>) |
|---|
| 12210 | because these are |
|---|
| 12211 | too inaccurate with this scheme. However, for subdomain analysis (see <a href="#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>) |
|---|
| 12212 | exactly the reverse holds: here <i>'w*pt*BC'</i> and <i>'wptBC'</i> |
|---|
| 12213 | show very large errors and should not be used.<br> |
|---|
| 12214 | |
|---|
| 12215 | |
|---|
| 12216 | |
|---|
| 12217 | |
|---|
| 12218 | |
|---|
| 12219 | |
|---|
| 12220 | <br> |
|---|
| 12221 | |
|---|
| 12222 | |
|---|
| 12223 | |
|---|
| 12224 | |
|---|
| 12225 | |
|---|
| 12226 | |
|---|
| 12227 | |
|---|
| 12228 | This scheme is not allowed for non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions |
|---|
| 12229 | (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 12230 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 12231 | |
|---|
| 12232 | |
|---|
| 12233 | |
|---|
| 12234 | |
|---|
| 12235 | |
|---|
| 12236 | |
|---|
| 12237 | <br> |
|---|
| 12238 | |
|---|
| 12239 | |
|---|
| 12240 | |
|---|
| 12241 | |
|---|
| 12242 | |
|---|
| 12243 | |
|---|
| 12244 | |
|---|
| 12245 | </div> |
|---|
| 12246 | |
|---|
| 12247 | |
|---|
| 12248 | |
|---|
| 12249 | |
|---|
| 12250 | |
|---|
| 12251 | |
|---|
| 12252 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span><br> |
|---|
| 12253 | |
|---|
| 12254 | |
|---|
| 12255 | |
|---|
| 12256 | |
|---|
| 12257 | |
|---|
| 12258 | |
|---|
| 12259 | |
|---|
| 12260 | |
|---|
| 12261 | |
|---|
| 12262 | |
|---|
| 12263 | |
|---|
| 12264 | |
|---|
| 12265 | |
|---|
| 12266 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">The upstream-spline-scheme |
|---|
| 12267 | is used |
|---|
| 12268 | (see Mahrer and Pielke, |
|---|
| 12269 | 1978: Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830). In opposite to the Piascek |
|---|
| 12270 | Williams scheme, this is characterized by much better numerical |
|---|
| 12271 | features (less numerical diffusion, better preservation of flux |
|---|
| 12272 | structures, e.g. vortices), but computationally it is much more |
|---|
| 12273 | expensive. In |
|---|
| 12274 | addition, the use of the Euler-timestep scheme is mandatory (<a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
|---|
| 12275 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><i>euler'</i>), |
|---|
| 12276 | i.e. the |
|---|
| 12277 | timestep accuracy is only first order. For this reason the advection of |
|---|
| 12278 | momentum (see <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a>) |
|---|
| 12279 | should then also be carried out with the upstream-spline scheme, |
|---|
| 12280 | because otherwise the momentum would |
|---|
| 12281 | be subject to large numerical diffusion due to the upstream |
|---|
| 12282 | scheme. </p> |
|---|
| 12283 | |
|---|
| 12284 | |
|---|
| 12285 | |
|---|
| 12286 | |
|---|
| 12287 | |
|---|
| 12288 | |
|---|
| 12289 | |
|---|
| 12290 | |
|---|
| 12291 | |
|---|
| 12292 | |
|---|
| 12293 | |
|---|
| 12294 | |
|---|
| 12295 | |
|---|
| 12296 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">Since |
|---|
| 12297 | the cubic splines used tend |
|---|
| 12298 | to overshoot under |
|---|
| 12299 | certain circumstances, this effect must be adjusted by suitable |
|---|
| 12300 | filtering and smoothing (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>, |
|---|
| 12301 | <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>, |
|---|
| 12302 | <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_u">ups_limit_u</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_v">ups_limit_v</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_w">ups_limit_w</a>). |
|---|
| 12303 | This is always neccesssary for runs with stable stratification, |
|---|
| 12304 | even if this stratification appears only in parts of the model |
|---|
| 12305 | domain. </p> |
|---|
| 12306 | |
|---|
| 12307 | |
|---|
| 12308 | |
|---|
| 12309 | |
|---|
| 12310 | |
|---|
| 12311 | |
|---|
| 12312 | |
|---|
| 12313 | |
|---|
| 12314 | |
|---|
| 12315 | |
|---|
| 12316 | |
|---|
| 12317 | |
|---|
| 12318 | |
|---|
| 12319 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">With |
|---|
| 12320 | stable stratification the |
|---|
| 12321 | upstream-upline scheme also produces gravity waves with large |
|---|
| 12322 | amplitude, which must be |
|---|
| 12323 | suitably damped (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#rayleigh_damping_factor">rayleigh_damping_factor</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 12324 | |
|---|
| 12325 | |
|---|
| 12326 | |
|---|
| 12327 | |
|---|
| 12328 | |
|---|
| 12329 | |
|---|
| 12330 | |
|---|
| 12331 | </p> |
|---|
| 12332 | |
|---|
| 12333 | |
|---|
| 12334 | |
|---|
| 12335 | |
|---|
| 12336 | |
|---|
| 12337 | |
|---|
| 12338 | |
|---|
| 12339 | |
|---|
| 12340 | |
|---|
| 12341 | |
|---|
| 12342 | |
|---|
| 12343 | |
|---|
| 12344 | |
|---|
| 12345 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Important: </span>The |
|---|
| 12346 | upstream-spline scheme is not implemented for humidity and passive |
|---|
| 12347 | scalars (see <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> |
|---|
| 12348 | and <a href="#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>) |
|---|
| 12349 | and requires the use of a 2d-domain-decomposition. The last conditions |
|---|
| 12350 | severely restricts code optimization on several machines leading to |
|---|
| 12351 | very long execution times! This scheme is also not allowed for |
|---|
| 12352 | non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
|---|
| 12353 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 12354 | |
|---|
| 12355 | |
|---|
| 12356 | |
|---|
| 12357 | |
|---|
| 12358 | |
|---|
| 12359 | |
|---|
| 12360 | <br> |
|---|
| 12361 | |
|---|
| 12362 | |
|---|
| 12363 | |
|---|
| 12364 | |
|---|
| 12365 | |
|---|
| 12366 | |
|---|
| 12367 | A |
|---|
| 12368 | differing advection scheme can be choosed for the subgrid-scale TKE |
|---|
| 12369 | using parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 12370 | |
|---|
| 12371 | |
|---|
| 12372 | |
|---|
| 12373 | |
|---|
| 12374 | |
|---|
| 12375 | |
|---|
| 12376 | |
|---|
| 12377 | </tr> |
|---|
| 12378 | |
|---|
| 12379 | |
|---|
| 12380 | |
|---|
| 12381 | |
|---|
| 12382 | |
|---|
| 12383 | |
|---|
| 12384 | <tr> |
|---|
| 12385 | |
|---|
| 12386 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="scalar_exchange_coefficient"></a><b>scalar_exchange_coefficient</b></td> |
|---|
| 12387 | |
|---|
| 12388 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 12389 | |
|---|
| 12390 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 12391 | |
|---|
| 12392 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Scalar exchange coefficient for a leaf (dimensionless).<br> |
|---|
| 12393 | |
|---|
| 12394 | |
|---|
| 12395 | <br> |
|---|
| 12396 | |
|---|
| 12397 | |
|---|
| 12398 | This parameter is only of importance in cases in that both, <a href="../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1_adjusted.html#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> and <a href="../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1_adjusted.html#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>, are set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>. |
|---|
| 12399 | The value of the scalar exchange coefficient is required for the parametrisation of the sources and sinks of |
|---|
| 12400 | scalar concentration due to the canopy.</td> |
|---|
| 12401 | |
|---|
| 12402 | </tr> |
|---|
| 12403 | |
|---|
| 12404 | <tr> |
|---|
| 12405 | |
|---|
| 12406 | |
|---|
| 12407 | |
|---|
| 12408 | |
|---|
| 12409 | |
|---|
| 12410 | |
|---|
| 12411 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 12412 | |
|---|
| 12413 | |
|---|
| 12414 | |
|---|
| 12415 | |
|---|
| 12416 | |
|---|
| 12417 | |
|---|
| 12418 | <p><a name="statistic_regions"></a><b>statistic_regions</b></p> |
|---|
| 12419 | |
|---|
| 12420 | |
|---|
| 12421 | |
|---|
| 12422 | |
|---|
| 12423 | |
|---|
| 12424 | |
|---|
| 12425 | |
|---|
| 12426 | </td> |
|---|
| 12427 | |
|---|
| 12428 | |
|---|
| 12429 | |
|---|
| 12430 | |
|---|
| 12431 | |
|---|
| 12432 | |
|---|
| 12433 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
|---|
| 12434 | |
|---|
| 12435 | |
|---|
| 12436 | |
|---|
| 12437 | |
|---|
| 12438 | |
|---|
| 12439 | |
|---|
| 12440 | |
|---|
| 12441 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0</i></td> |
|---|
| 12442 | |
|---|
| 12443 | |
|---|
| 12444 | |
|---|
| 12445 | |
|---|
| 12446 | |
|---|
| 12447 | |
|---|
| 12448 | |
|---|
| 12449 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 12450 | |
|---|
| 12451 | |
|---|
| 12452 | |
|---|
| 12453 | |
|---|
| 12454 | |
|---|
| 12455 | |
|---|
| 12456 | <p>Number of |
|---|
| 12457 | additional user-defined subdomains for which |
|---|
| 12458 | statistical analysis |
|---|
| 12459 | and corresponding output (profiles, time series) shall be |
|---|
| 12460 | made. </p> |
|---|
| 12461 | |
|---|
| 12462 | |
|---|
| 12463 | |
|---|
| 12464 | |
|---|
| 12465 | |
|---|
| 12466 | |
|---|
| 12467 | |
|---|
| 12468 | |
|---|
| 12469 | |
|---|
| 12470 | |
|---|
| 12471 | |
|---|
| 12472 | |
|---|
| 12473 | |
|---|
| 12474 | <p>By default, vertical profiles and |
|---|
| 12475 | other statistical quantities |
|---|
| 12476 | are calculated as horizontal and/or volume average of the total model |
|---|
| 12477 | domain. Beyond that, these calculations can also be carried out for |
|---|
| 12478 | subdomains which can be defined using the field <a href="chapter_3.5.3.html">rmask </a>within the |
|---|
| 12479 | user-defined software |
|---|
| 12480 | (see <a href="chapter_3.5.3.html">chapter |
|---|
| 12481 | 3.5.3</a>). The number of these subdomains is determined with the |
|---|
| 12482 | parameter <b>statistic_regions</b>. Maximum 9 additional |
|---|
| 12483 | subdomains |
|---|
| 12484 | are allowed. The parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#region">region</a> |
|---|
| 12485 | can be used to assigned names (identifier) to these subdomains which |
|---|
| 12486 | are then used in the headers |
|---|
| 12487 | of the output files and plots.</p> |
|---|
| 12488 | |
|---|
| 12489 | |
|---|
| 12490 | |
|---|
| 12491 | |
|---|
| 12492 | |
|---|
| 12493 | |
|---|
| 12494 | |
|---|
| 12495 | |
|---|
| 12496 | |
|---|
| 12497 | |
|---|
| 12498 | |
|---|
| 12499 | |
|---|
| 12500 | <p>If the default NetCDF |
|---|
| 12501 | output format is selected (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>), |
|---|
| 12502 | data for the total domain and all defined subdomains are output to the |
|---|
| 12503 | same file(s) (<a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>, |
|---|
| 12504 | <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF</a>). |
|---|
| 12505 | In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">statistic_regions</span> |
|---|
| 12506 | > <span style="font-style: italic;">0</span>, |
|---|
| 12507 | data on the file for the different domains can be distinguished by a |
|---|
| 12508 | suffix which is appended to the quantity names. Suffix 0 means data for |
|---|
| 12509 | the total domain, suffix 1 means data for subdomain 1, etc.</p> |
|---|
| 12510 | |
|---|
| 12511 | |
|---|
| 12512 | |
|---|
| 12513 | |
|---|
| 12514 | |
|---|
| 12515 | |
|---|
| 12516 | |
|---|
| 12517 | |
|---|
| 12518 | |
|---|
| 12519 | |
|---|
| 12520 | |
|---|
| 12521 | |
|---|
| 12522 | <p>In |
|---|
| 12523 | case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> |
|---|
| 12524 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>, |
|---|
| 12525 | individual local files for profiles (<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>) are |
|---|
| 12526 | created for each subdomain. The individual subdomain files differ by |
|---|
| 12527 | their name (the |
|---|
| 12528 | number of the respective subdomain is attached, e.g. |
|---|
| 12529 | PLOT1D_DATA_1). In this case the name of the file with the data of |
|---|
| 12530 | the total domain is PLOT1D_DATA_0. If no subdomains |
|---|
| 12531 | are declared (<b>statistic_regions</b> = <i>0</i>), |
|---|
| 12532 | the name |
|---|
| 12533 | PLOT1D_DATA is used (this must be considered in the |
|---|
| 12534 | respective file connection statements of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> configuration |
|---|
| 12535 | file).</p> |
|---|
| 12536 | |
|---|
| 12537 | |
|---|
| 12538 | |
|---|
| 12539 | |
|---|
| 12540 | |
|---|
| 12541 | |
|---|
| 12542 | </td> |
|---|
| 12543 | |
|---|
| 12544 | |
|---|
| 12545 | |
|---|
| 12546 | |
|---|
| 12547 | |
|---|
| 12548 | |
|---|
| 12549 | </tr> |
|---|
| 12550 | |
|---|
| 12551 | |
|---|
| 12552 | |
|---|
| 12553 | |
|---|
| 12554 | |
|---|
| 12555 | |
|---|
| 12556 | <tr> |
|---|
| 12557 | |
|---|
| 12558 | |
|---|
| 12559 | |
|---|
| 12560 | |
|---|
| 12561 | |
|---|
| 12562 | |
|---|
| 12563 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 12564 | |
|---|
| 12565 | |
|---|
| 12566 | |
|---|
| 12567 | |
|---|
| 12568 | |
|---|
| 12569 | |
|---|
| 12570 | <p><a name="surface_heatflux"></a><b>surface_heatflux</b></p> |
|---|
| 12571 | |
|---|
| 12572 | |
|---|
| 12573 | |
|---|
| 12574 | |
|---|
| 12575 | |
|---|
| 12576 | |
|---|
| 12577 | |
|---|
| 12578 | </td> |
|---|
| 12579 | |
|---|
| 12580 | |
|---|
| 12581 | |
|---|
| 12582 | |
|---|
| 12583 | |
|---|
| 12584 | |
|---|
| 12585 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 12586 | |
|---|
| 12587 | |
|---|
| 12588 | |
|---|
| 12589 | |
|---|
| 12590 | |
|---|
| 12591 | |
|---|
| 12592 | |
|---|
| 12593 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br> |
|---|
| 12594 | |
|---|
| 12595 | |
|---|
| 12596 | |
|---|
| 12597 | |
|---|
| 12598 | |
|---|
| 12599 | |
|---|
| 12600 | |
|---|
| 12601 | heatflux<br> |
|---|
| 12602 | |
|---|
| 12603 | |
|---|
| 12604 | |
|---|
| 12605 | |
|---|
| 12606 | |
|---|
| 12607 | |
|---|
| 12608 | </span></td> |
|---|
| 12609 | |
|---|
| 12610 | |
|---|
| 12611 | |
|---|
| 12612 | |
|---|
| 12613 | |
|---|
| 12614 | |
|---|
| 12615 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 12616 | |
|---|
| 12617 | |
|---|
| 12618 | |
|---|
| 12619 | |
|---|
| 12620 | |
|---|
| 12621 | |
|---|
| 12622 | <p>Kinematic sensible |
|---|
| 12623 | heat flux at the bottom surface (in K m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 12624 | |
|---|
| 12625 | |
|---|
| 12626 | |
|---|
| 12627 | |
|---|
| 12628 | |
|---|
| 12629 | |
|---|
| 12630 | |
|---|
| 12631 | |
|---|
| 12632 | |
|---|
| 12633 | |
|---|
| 12634 | |
|---|
| 12635 | |
|---|
| 12636 | |
|---|
| 12637 | <p>If |
|---|
| 12638 | a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal two-dimensional |
|---|
| 12639 | surface heat flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> |
|---|
| 12640 | is initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">surface_heatflux</span> as |
|---|
| 12641 | bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the |
|---|
| 12642 | temperature equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
|---|
| 12643 | condition must be used for the potential temperature (see <a href="#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a>), |
|---|
| 12644 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 12645 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed. Also, |
|---|
| 12646 | changes of the |
|---|
| 12647 | surface temperature (see <a href="#pt_surface_initial_change">pt_surface_initial_change</a>) |
|---|
| 12648 | are not allowed. The parameter <a href="#random_heatflux">random_heatflux</a> |
|---|
| 12649 | can be used to impose random perturbations on the (homogeneous) surface |
|---|
| 12650 | heat |
|---|
| 12651 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span>. </p> |
|---|
| 12652 | |
|---|
| 12653 | |
|---|
| 12654 | |
|---|
| 12655 | |
|---|
| 12656 | |
|---|
| 12657 | |
|---|
| 12658 | |
|---|
| 12659 | |
|---|
| 12660 | |
|---|
| 12661 | |
|---|
| 12662 | |
|---|
| 12663 | |
|---|
| 12664 | |
|---|
| 12665 | <p> |
|---|
| 12666 | In case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a>, the |
|---|
| 12667 | internal two-dimensional surface heat |
|---|
| 12668 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> |
|---|
| 12669 | is initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">surface_heatflux</span> |
|---|
| 12670 | at the bottom surface and <a href="#wall_heatflux">wall_heatflux(0)</a> |
|---|
| 12671 | at the topography top face. The parameter<a href="#random_heatflux"> random_heatflux</a> |
|---|
| 12672 | can be used to impose random perturbations on this combined surface |
|---|
| 12673 | heat |
|---|
| 12674 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span>. |
|---|
| 12675 | </p> |
|---|
| 12676 | |
|---|
| 12677 | |
|---|
| 12678 | |
|---|
| 12679 | |
|---|
| 12680 | |
|---|
| 12681 | |
|---|
| 12682 | |
|---|
| 12683 | |
|---|
| 12684 | |
|---|
| 12685 | |
|---|
| 12686 | |
|---|
| 12687 | |
|---|
| 12688 | |
|---|
| 12689 | <p>If no surface heat flux is assigned, <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> is calculated |
|---|
| 12690 | at each timestep by u<sub>*</sub> * theta<sub>*</sub> |
|---|
| 12691 | (of course only with <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a> |
|---|
| 12692 | switched on). Here, u<sub>*</sub> |
|---|
| 12693 | and theta<sub>*</sub> are calculated from the Prandtl law |
|---|
| 12694 | assuming |
|---|
| 12695 | logarithmic wind and temperature |
|---|
| 12696 | profiles between k=0 and k=1. In this case a Dirichlet condition (see <a href="#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a>) |
|---|
| 12697 | must be used as bottom boundary condition for the potential temperature.</p> |
|---|
| 12698 | |
|---|
| 12699 | |
|---|
| 12700 | |
|---|
| 12701 | |
|---|
| 12702 | |
|---|
| 12703 | |
|---|
| 12704 | |
|---|
| 12705 | |
|---|
| 12706 | |
|---|
| 12707 | |
|---|
| 12708 | |
|---|
| 12709 | |
|---|
| 12710 | <p>See |
|---|
| 12711 | also <a href="#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 12712 | |
|---|
| 12713 | |
|---|
| 12714 | |
|---|
| 12715 | |
|---|
| 12716 | |
|---|
| 12717 | |
|---|
| 12718 | |
|---|
| 12719 | </td> |
|---|
| 12720 | |
|---|
| 12721 | |
|---|
| 12722 | |
|---|
| 12723 | |
|---|
| 12724 | |
|---|
| 12725 | |
|---|
| 12726 | </tr> |
|---|
| 12727 | |
|---|
| 12728 | |
|---|
| 12729 | |
|---|
| 12730 | |
|---|
| 12731 | |
|---|
| 12732 | |
|---|
| 12733 | <tr> |
|---|
| 12734 | |
|---|
| 12735 | |
|---|
| 12736 | |
|---|
| 12737 | |
|---|
| 12738 | |
|---|
| 12739 | |
|---|
| 12740 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 12741 | |
|---|
| 12742 | |
|---|
| 12743 | |
|---|
| 12744 | |
|---|
| 12745 | |
|---|
| 12746 | |
|---|
| 12747 | <p><a name="surface_pressure"></a><b>surface_pressure</b></p> |
|---|
| 12748 | |
|---|
| 12749 | |
|---|
| 12750 | |
|---|
| 12751 | |
|---|
| 12752 | |
|---|
| 12753 | |
|---|
| 12754 | |
|---|
| 12755 | </td> |
|---|
| 12756 | |
|---|
| 12757 | |
|---|
| 12758 | |
|---|
| 12759 | |
|---|
| 12760 | |
|---|
| 12761 | |
|---|
| 12762 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 12763 | |
|---|
| 12764 | |
|---|
| 12765 | |
|---|
| 12766 | |
|---|
| 12767 | |
|---|
| 12768 | |
|---|
| 12769 | |
|---|
| 12770 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1013.25</i></td> |
|---|
| 12771 | |
|---|
| 12772 | |
|---|
| 12773 | |
|---|
| 12774 | |
|---|
| 12775 | |
|---|
| 12776 | |
|---|
| 12777 | |
|---|
| 12778 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 12779 | |
|---|
| 12780 | |
|---|
| 12781 | |
|---|
| 12782 | |
|---|
| 12783 | |
|---|
| 12784 | |
|---|
| 12785 | <p>Atmospheric |
|---|
| 12786 | pressure at the surface (in hPa). </p> |
|---|
| 12787 | |
|---|
| 12788 | |
|---|
| 12789 | |
|---|
| 12790 | |
|---|
| 12791 | |
|---|
| 12792 | |
|---|
| 12793 | |
|---|
| 12794 | Starting from this surface value, the vertical pressure |
|---|
| 12795 | profile is calculated once at the beginning of the run assuming a |
|---|
| 12796 | neutrally stratified |
|---|
| 12797 | atmosphere. This is needed for |
|---|
| 12798 | converting between the liquid water potential temperature and the |
|---|
| 12799 | potential temperature (see <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span>).</td> |
|---|
| 12800 | |
|---|
| 12801 | |
|---|
| 12802 | |
|---|
| 12803 | |
|---|
| 12804 | |
|---|
| 12805 | |
|---|
| 12806 | |
|---|
| 12807 | </tr> |
|---|
| 12808 | |
|---|
| 12809 | |
|---|
| 12810 | |
|---|
| 12811 | |
|---|
| 12812 | |
|---|
| 12813 | |
|---|
| 12814 | <tr> |
|---|
| 12815 | |
|---|
| 12816 | |
|---|
| 12817 | |
|---|
| 12818 | |
|---|
| 12819 | |
|---|
| 12820 | |
|---|
| 12821 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 12822 | |
|---|
| 12823 | |
|---|
| 12824 | |
|---|
| 12825 | |
|---|
| 12826 | |
|---|
| 12827 | |
|---|
| 12828 | <p><a name="surface_scalarflux"></a><b>surface_scalarflux</b></p> |
|---|
| 12829 | |
|---|
| 12830 | |
|---|
| 12831 | |
|---|
| 12832 | |
|---|
| 12833 | |
|---|
| 12834 | |
|---|
| 12835 | |
|---|
| 12836 | </td> |
|---|
| 12837 | |
|---|
| 12838 | |
|---|
| 12839 | |
|---|
| 12840 | |
|---|
| 12841 | |
|---|
| 12842 | |
|---|
| 12843 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 12844 | |
|---|
| 12845 | |
|---|
| 12846 | |
|---|
| 12847 | |
|---|
| 12848 | |
|---|
| 12849 | |
|---|
| 12850 | |
|---|
| 12851 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 12852 | |
|---|
| 12853 | |
|---|
| 12854 | |
|---|
| 12855 | |
|---|
| 12856 | |
|---|
| 12857 | |
|---|
| 12858 | |
|---|
| 12859 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 12860 | |
|---|
| 12861 | |
|---|
| 12862 | |
|---|
| 12863 | |
|---|
| 12864 | |
|---|
| 12865 | |
|---|
| 12866 | <p>Scalar flux at |
|---|
| 12867 | the surface (in kg/(m<sup>2</sup> s)). </p> |
|---|
| 12868 | |
|---|
| 12869 | |
|---|
| 12870 | |
|---|
| 12871 | |
|---|
| 12872 | |
|---|
| 12873 | |
|---|
| 12874 | |
|---|
| 12875 | |
|---|
| 12876 | |
|---|
| 12877 | |
|---|
| 12878 | |
|---|
| 12879 | |
|---|
| 12880 | |
|---|
| 12881 | <p>If a non-zero value is assigned to this parameter, the |
|---|
| 12882 | respective scalar flux value is used |
|---|
| 12883 | as bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the scalar |
|---|
| 12884 | concentration equation. This additionally requires that a |
|---|
| 12885 | Neumann |
|---|
| 12886 | condition must be used for the scalar concentration (see <a href="#bc_s_b">bc_s_b</a>), |
|---|
| 12887 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 12888 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed. Also, |
|---|
| 12889 | changes of the |
|---|
| 12890 | surface scalar concentration (see <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a>) |
|---|
| 12891 | are not allowed. <br> |
|---|
| 12892 | |
|---|
| 12893 | |
|---|
| 12894 | |
|---|
| 12895 | |
|---|
| 12896 | |
|---|
| 12897 | |
|---|
| 12898 | </p> |
|---|
| 12899 | |
|---|
| 12900 | |
|---|
| 12901 | |
|---|
| 12902 | |
|---|
| 12903 | |
|---|
| 12904 | |
|---|
| 12905 | |
|---|
| 12906 | |
|---|
| 12907 | |
|---|
| 12908 | |
|---|
| 12909 | |
|---|
| 12910 | |
|---|
| 12911 | |
|---|
| 12912 | <p>If no surface scalar |
|---|
| 12913 | flux is assigned (<b>surface_scalarflux</b> |
|---|
| 12914 | = <i>0.0</i>), |
|---|
| 12915 | it is calculated at each timestep by u<sub>*</sub> * s<sub>*</sub> |
|---|
| 12916 | (of course only with Prandtl layer switched on). Here, s<sub>*</sub> |
|---|
| 12917 | is calculated from the Prandtl law assuming a logarithmic scalar |
|---|
| 12918 | concentration |
|---|
| 12919 | profile between k=0 and k=1. In this case a Dirichlet condition (see <a href="#bc_s_b">bc_s_b</a>) |
|---|
| 12920 | must be used as bottom boundary condition for the scalar concentration.</p> |
|---|
| 12921 | |
|---|
| 12922 | |
|---|
| 12923 | |
|---|
| 12924 | |
|---|
| 12925 | |
|---|
| 12926 | |
|---|
| 12927 | |
|---|
| 12928 | </td> |
|---|
| 12929 | |
|---|
| 12930 | |
|---|
| 12931 | |
|---|
| 12932 | |
|---|
| 12933 | |
|---|
| 12934 | |
|---|
| 12935 | </tr> |
|---|
| 12936 | |
|---|
| 12937 | |
|---|
| 12938 | |
|---|
| 12939 | |
|---|
| 12940 | |
|---|
| 12941 | |
|---|
| 12942 | <tr> |
|---|
| 12943 | |
|---|
| 12944 | |
|---|
| 12945 | |
|---|
| 12946 | |
|---|
| 12947 | |
|---|
| 12948 | |
|---|
| 12949 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 12950 | |
|---|
| 12951 | |
|---|
| 12952 | |
|---|
| 12953 | |
|---|
| 12954 | |
|---|
| 12955 | |
|---|
| 12956 | <p><a name="surface_waterflux"></a><b>surface_waterflux</b></p> |
|---|
| 12957 | |
|---|
| 12958 | |
|---|
| 12959 | |
|---|
| 12960 | |
|---|
| 12961 | |
|---|
| 12962 | |
|---|
| 12963 | |
|---|
| 12964 | </td> |
|---|
| 12965 | |
|---|
| 12966 | |
|---|
| 12967 | |
|---|
| 12968 | |
|---|
| 12969 | |
|---|
| 12970 | |
|---|
| 12971 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 12972 | |
|---|
| 12973 | |
|---|
| 12974 | |
|---|
| 12975 | |
|---|
| 12976 | |
|---|
| 12977 | |
|---|
| 12978 | |
|---|
| 12979 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 12980 | |
|---|
| 12981 | |
|---|
| 12982 | |
|---|
| 12983 | |
|---|
| 12984 | |
|---|
| 12985 | |
|---|
| 12986 | |
|---|
| 12987 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 12988 | |
|---|
| 12989 | |
|---|
| 12990 | |
|---|
| 12991 | |
|---|
| 12992 | |
|---|
| 12993 | |
|---|
| 12994 | <p>Kinematic |
|---|
| 12995 | water flux near the surface (in m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 12996 | |
|---|
| 12997 | |
|---|
| 12998 | |
|---|
| 12999 | |
|---|
| 13000 | |
|---|
| 13001 | |
|---|
| 13002 | |
|---|
| 13003 | |
|---|
| 13004 | |
|---|
| 13005 | |
|---|
| 13006 | |
|---|
| 13007 | |
|---|
| 13008 | |
|---|
| 13009 | <p>If |
|---|
| 13010 | a non-zero value is assigned to this parameter, the |
|---|
| 13011 | respective water flux value is used |
|---|
| 13012 | as bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the |
|---|
| 13013 | humidity equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
|---|
| 13014 | condition must be used for the specific humidity / total water content |
|---|
| 13015 | (see <a href="#bc_q_b">bc_q_b</a>), |
|---|
| 13016 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 13017 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed. Also, |
|---|
| 13018 | changes of the |
|---|
| 13019 | surface humidity (see <a href="#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a>) |
|---|
| 13020 | are not allowed.<br> |
|---|
| 13021 | |
|---|
| 13022 | |
|---|
| 13023 | |
|---|
| 13024 | |
|---|
| 13025 | |
|---|
| 13026 | |
|---|
| 13027 | </p> |
|---|
| 13028 | |
|---|
| 13029 | |
|---|
| 13030 | |
|---|
| 13031 | |
|---|
| 13032 | |
|---|
| 13033 | |
|---|
| 13034 | |
|---|
| 13035 | |
|---|
| 13036 | |
|---|
| 13037 | |
|---|
| 13038 | |
|---|
| 13039 | |
|---|
| 13040 | |
|---|
| 13041 | <p>If no surface water |
|---|
| 13042 | flux is assigned (<b>surface_waterflux</b> |
|---|
| 13043 | = <i>0.0</i>), |
|---|
| 13044 | it is calculated at each timestep by u<sub>*</sub> * q<sub>*</sub> |
|---|
| 13045 | (of course only with Prandtl layer switched on). Here, q<sub>*</sub> |
|---|
| 13046 | is calculated from the Prandtl law assuming a logarithmic temperature |
|---|
| 13047 | profile between k=0 and k=1. In this case a Dirichlet condition (see <a href="#bc_q_b">bc_q_b</a>) |
|---|
| 13048 | must be used as the bottom boundary condition for the humidity.</p> |
|---|
| 13049 | |
|---|
| 13050 | |
|---|
| 13051 | |
|---|
| 13052 | |
|---|
| 13053 | |
|---|
| 13054 | |
|---|
| 13055 | |
|---|
| 13056 | </td> |
|---|
| 13057 | |
|---|
| 13058 | |
|---|
| 13059 | |
|---|
| 13060 | |
|---|
| 13061 | |
|---|
| 13062 | |
|---|
| 13063 | </tr> |
|---|
| 13064 | |
|---|
| 13065 | |
|---|
| 13066 | |
|---|
| 13067 | |
|---|
| 13068 | |
|---|
| 13069 | |
|---|
| 13070 | <tr> |
|---|
| 13071 | |
|---|
| 13072 | |
|---|
| 13073 | |
|---|
| 13074 | |
|---|
| 13075 | |
|---|
| 13076 | |
|---|
| 13077 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 13078 | |
|---|
| 13079 | |
|---|
| 13080 | |
|---|
| 13081 | |
|---|
| 13082 | |
|---|
| 13083 | |
|---|
| 13084 | <p><a name="s_surface"></a><b>s_surface</b></p> |
|---|
| 13085 | |
|---|
| 13086 | |
|---|
| 13087 | |
|---|
| 13088 | |
|---|
| 13089 | |
|---|
| 13090 | |
|---|
| 13091 | |
|---|
| 13092 | </td> |
|---|
| 13093 | |
|---|
| 13094 | |
|---|
| 13095 | |
|---|
| 13096 | |
|---|
| 13097 | |
|---|
| 13098 | |
|---|
| 13099 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 13100 | |
|---|
| 13101 | |
|---|
| 13102 | |
|---|
| 13103 | |
|---|
| 13104 | |
|---|
| 13105 | |
|---|
| 13106 | |
|---|
| 13107 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 13108 | |
|---|
| 13109 | |
|---|
| 13110 | |
|---|
| 13111 | |
|---|
| 13112 | |
|---|
| 13113 | |
|---|
| 13114 | |
|---|
| 13115 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 13116 | |
|---|
| 13117 | |
|---|
| 13118 | |
|---|
| 13119 | |
|---|
| 13120 | |
|---|
| 13121 | |
|---|
| 13122 | <p>Surface value |
|---|
| 13123 | of the passive scalar (in kg/m<sup>3</sup>). <br> |
|---|
| 13124 | |
|---|
| 13125 | |
|---|
| 13126 | |
|---|
| 13127 | |
|---|
| 13128 | |
|---|
| 13129 | |
|---|
| 13130 | |
|---|
| 13131 | </p> |
|---|
| 13132 | |
|---|
| 13133 | |
|---|
| 13134 | |
|---|
| 13135 | |
|---|
| 13136 | |
|---|
| 13137 | |
|---|
| 13138 | |
|---|
| 13139 | This parameter assigns the value of the passive scalar s at |
|---|
| 13140 | the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, the |
|---|
| 13141 | initial vertical scalar concentration profile is constructed with<a href="#s_vertical_gradient"> |
|---|
| 13142 | s_vertical_gradient</a> and <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 13143 | |
|---|
| 13144 | |
|---|
| 13145 | |
|---|
| 13146 | |
|---|
| 13147 | |
|---|
| 13148 | |
|---|
| 13149 | |
|---|
| 13150 | </tr> |
|---|
| 13151 | |
|---|
| 13152 | |
|---|
| 13153 | |
|---|
| 13154 | |
|---|
| 13155 | |
|---|
| 13156 | |
|---|
| 13157 | <tr> |
|---|
| 13158 | |
|---|
| 13159 | |
|---|
| 13160 | |
|---|
| 13161 | |
|---|
| 13162 | |
|---|
| 13163 | |
|---|
| 13164 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 13165 | |
|---|
| 13166 | |
|---|
| 13167 | |
|---|
| 13168 | |
|---|
| 13169 | |
|---|
| 13170 | |
|---|
| 13171 | <p><a name="s_surface_initial_change"></a><b>s_surface_initial</b> |
|---|
| 13172 | <br> |
|---|
| 13173 | |
|---|
| 13174 | |
|---|
| 13175 | |
|---|
| 13176 | |
|---|
| 13177 | |
|---|
| 13178 | |
|---|
| 13179 | <b>_change</b></p> |
|---|
| 13180 | |
|---|
| 13181 | |
|---|
| 13182 | |
|---|
| 13183 | |
|---|
| 13184 | |
|---|
| 13185 | |
|---|
| 13186 | </td> |
|---|
| 13187 | |
|---|
| 13188 | |
|---|
| 13189 | |
|---|
| 13190 | |
|---|
| 13191 | |
|---|
| 13192 | |
|---|
| 13193 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 13194 | |
|---|
| 13195 | |
|---|
| 13196 | |
|---|
| 13197 | |
|---|
| 13198 | |
|---|
| 13199 | |
|---|
| 13200 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 13201 | |
|---|
| 13202 | |
|---|
| 13203 | |
|---|
| 13204 | |
|---|
| 13205 | |
|---|
| 13206 | |
|---|
| 13207 | |
|---|
| 13208 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 13209 | |
|---|
| 13210 | |
|---|
| 13211 | |
|---|
| 13212 | |
|---|
| 13213 | |
|---|
| 13214 | |
|---|
| 13215 | <p>Change in |
|---|
| 13216 | surface scalar concentration to be made at the |
|---|
| 13217 | beginning of the 3d run (in kg/m<sup>3</sup>). </p> |
|---|
| 13218 | |
|---|
| 13219 | |
|---|
| 13220 | |
|---|
| 13221 | |
|---|
| 13222 | |
|---|
| 13223 | |
|---|
| 13224 | |
|---|
| 13225 | |
|---|
| 13226 | |
|---|
| 13227 | |
|---|
| 13228 | |
|---|
| 13229 | |
|---|
| 13230 | |
|---|
| 13231 | <p>If <b>s_surface_initial_change</b><i> </i>is |
|---|
| 13232 | set to a |
|---|
| 13233 | non-zero |
|---|
| 13234 | value, the near surface scalar flux is not allowed to be given |
|---|
| 13235 | simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 13236 | |
|---|
| 13237 | |
|---|
| 13238 | |
|---|
| 13239 | |
|---|
| 13240 | |
|---|
| 13241 | |
|---|
| 13242 | |
|---|
| 13243 | </td> |
|---|
| 13244 | |
|---|
| 13245 | |
|---|
| 13246 | |
|---|
| 13247 | |
|---|
| 13248 | |
|---|
| 13249 | |
|---|
| 13250 | </tr> |
|---|
| 13251 | |
|---|
| 13252 | |
|---|
| 13253 | |
|---|
| 13254 | |
|---|
| 13255 | |
|---|
| 13256 | |
|---|
| 13257 | <tr> |
|---|
| 13258 | |
|---|
| 13259 | |
|---|
| 13260 | |
|---|
| 13261 | |
|---|
| 13262 | |
|---|
| 13263 | |
|---|
| 13264 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 13265 | |
|---|
| 13266 | |
|---|
| 13267 | |
|---|
| 13268 | |
|---|
| 13269 | |
|---|
| 13270 | |
|---|
| 13271 | <p><a name="s_vertical_gradient"></a><b>s_vertical_gradient</b></p> |
|---|
| 13272 | |
|---|
| 13273 | |
|---|
| 13274 | |
|---|
| 13275 | |
|---|
| 13276 | |
|---|
| 13277 | |
|---|
| 13278 | |
|---|
| 13279 | </td> |
|---|
| 13280 | |
|---|
| 13281 | |
|---|
| 13282 | |
|---|
| 13283 | |
|---|
| 13284 | |
|---|
| 13285 | |
|---|
| 13286 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 13287 | |
|---|
| 13288 | |
|---|
| 13289 | |
|---|
| 13290 | |
|---|
| 13291 | |
|---|
| 13292 | |
|---|
| 13293 | |
|---|
| 13294 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0</i><i>.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 13295 | |
|---|
| 13296 | |
|---|
| 13297 | |
|---|
| 13298 | |
|---|
| 13299 | |
|---|
| 13300 | |
|---|
| 13301 | |
|---|
| 13302 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 13303 | |
|---|
| 13304 | |
|---|
| 13305 | |
|---|
| 13306 | |
|---|
| 13307 | |
|---|
| 13308 | |
|---|
| 13309 | <p>Scalar |
|---|
| 13310 | concentration gradient(s) of the initial scalar |
|---|
| 13311 | concentration profile (in kg/m<sup>3 </sup>/ |
|---|
| 13312 | 100 m). </p> |
|---|
| 13313 | |
|---|
| 13314 | |
|---|
| 13315 | |
|---|
| 13316 | |
|---|
| 13317 | |
|---|
| 13318 | |
|---|
| 13319 | |
|---|
| 13320 | |
|---|
| 13321 | |
|---|
| 13322 | |
|---|
| 13323 | |
|---|
| 13324 | |
|---|
| 13325 | |
|---|
| 13326 | <p>The scalar gradient holds |
|---|
| 13327 | starting from the height level |
|---|
| 13328 | defined by <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level |
|---|
| 13329 | </a>(precisely: for all uv levels k, where zu(k) > |
|---|
| 13330 | s_vertical_gradient_level, s_init(k) is set: s_init(k) = s_init(k-1) + |
|---|
| 13331 | dzu(k) * <b>s_vertical_gradient</b>) up to the top |
|---|
| 13332 | boundary or up to |
|---|
| 13333 | the next height level defined by <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 13334 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
|---|
| 13335 | if <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 13336 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The surface scalar value is |
|---|
| 13337 | assigned |
|---|
| 13338 | via <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 13339 | |
|---|
| 13340 | |
|---|
| 13341 | |
|---|
| 13342 | |
|---|
| 13343 | |
|---|
| 13344 | |
|---|
| 13345 | </p> |
|---|
| 13346 | |
|---|
| 13347 | |
|---|
| 13348 | |
|---|
| 13349 | |
|---|
| 13350 | |
|---|
| 13351 | |
|---|
| 13352 | |
|---|
| 13353 | |
|---|
| 13354 | |
|---|
| 13355 | |
|---|
| 13356 | |
|---|
| 13357 | |
|---|
| 13358 | |
|---|
| 13359 | <p>Example: </p> |
|---|
| 13360 | |
|---|
| 13361 | |
|---|
| 13362 | |
|---|
| 13363 | |
|---|
| 13364 | |
|---|
| 13365 | |
|---|
| 13366 | |
|---|
| 13367 | |
|---|
| 13368 | |
|---|
| 13369 | |
|---|
| 13370 | |
|---|
| 13371 | |
|---|
| 13372 | |
|---|
| 13373 | <ul> |
|---|
| 13374 | |
|---|
| 13375 | |
|---|
| 13376 | |
|---|
| 13377 | |
|---|
| 13378 | |
|---|
| 13379 | |
|---|
| 13380 | |
|---|
| 13381 | |
|---|
| 13382 | |
|---|
| 13383 | |
|---|
| 13384 | |
|---|
| 13385 | |
|---|
| 13386 | |
|---|
| 13387 | <p><b>s_vertical_gradient</b> |
|---|
| 13388 | = <i>0.1</i>, <i>0.05</i>, <br> |
|---|
| 13389 | |
|---|
| 13390 | |
|---|
| 13391 | |
|---|
| 13392 | |
|---|
| 13393 | |
|---|
| 13394 | |
|---|
| 13395 | |
|---|
| 13396 | <b>s_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>, |
|---|
| 13397 | <i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
|---|
| 13398 | |
|---|
| 13399 | |
|---|
| 13400 | |
|---|
| 13401 | |
|---|
| 13402 | |
|---|
| 13403 | |
|---|
| 13404 | |
|---|
| 13405 | |
|---|
| 13406 | |
|---|
| 13407 | |
|---|
| 13408 | |
|---|
| 13409 | |
|---|
| 13410 | |
|---|
| 13411 | </ul> |
|---|
| 13412 | |
|---|
| 13413 | |
|---|
| 13414 | |
|---|
| 13415 | |
|---|
| 13416 | |
|---|
| 13417 | |
|---|
| 13418 | |
|---|
| 13419 | |
|---|
| 13420 | |
|---|
| 13421 | |
|---|
| 13422 | |
|---|
| 13423 | |
|---|
| 13424 | |
|---|
| 13425 | <p>That |
|---|
| 13426 | defines the scalar concentration to be constant with |
|---|
| 13427 | height up to z = 500.0 m with a value given by <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>. |
|---|
| 13428 | For 500.0 m < z <= 1000.0 m the scalar gradient is 0.1 |
|---|
| 13429 | kg/m<sup>3 </sup>/ 100 m and for z > 1000.0 m up to |
|---|
| 13430 | the top |
|---|
| 13431 | boundary it is 0.05 kg/m<sup>3 </sup>/ 100 m (it is |
|---|
| 13432 | assumed that the |
|---|
| 13433 | assigned height levels |
|---|
| 13434 | correspond with uv |
|---|
| 13435 | levels).</p> |
|---|
| 13436 | |
|---|
| 13437 | |
|---|
| 13438 | |
|---|
| 13439 | |
|---|
| 13440 | |
|---|
| 13441 | |
|---|
| 13442 | </td> |
|---|
| 13443 | |
|---|
| 13444 | |
|---|
| 13445 | |
|---|
| 13446 | |
|---|
| 13447 | |
|---|
| 13448 | |
|---|
| 13449 | </tr> |
|---|
| 13450 | |
|---|
| 13451 | |
|---|
| 13452 | |
|---|
| 13453 | |
|---|
| 13454 | |
|---|
| 13455 | |
|---|
| 13456 | <tr> |
|---|
| 13457 | |
|---|
| 13458 | |
|---|
| 13459 | |
|---|
| 13460 | |
|---|
| 13461 | |
|---|
| 13462 | |
|---|
| 13463 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 13464 | |
|---|
| 13465 | |
|---|
| 13466 | |
|---|
| 13467 | |
|---|
| 13468 | |
|---|
| 13469 | |
|---|
| 13470 | <p><a name="s_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>s_vertical_gradient_</b> |
|---|
| 13471 | <br> |
|---|
| 13472 | |
|---|
| 13473 | |
|---|
| 13474 | |
|---|
| 13475 | |
|---|
| 13476 | |
|---|
| 13477 | |
|---|
| 13478 | <b>level</b></p> |
|---|
| 13479 | |
|---|
| 13480 | |
|---|
| 13481 | |
|---|
| 13482 | |
|---|
| 13483 | |
|---|
| 13484 | |
|---|
| 13485 | </td> |
|---|
| 13486 | |
|---|
| 13487 | |
|---|
| 13488 | |
|---|
| 13489 | |
|---|
| 13490 | |
|---|
| 13491 | |
|---|
| 13492 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
|---|
| 13493 | |
|---|
| 13494 | |
|---|
| 13495 | |
|---|
| 13496 | |
|---|
| 13497 | |
|---|
| 13498 | |
|---|
| 13499 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 13500 | |
|---|
| 13501 | |
|---|
| 13502 | |
|---|
| 13503 | |
|---|
| 13504 | |
|---|
| 13505 | |
|---|
| 13506 | <p><i>10 *</i> |
|---|
| 13507 | <i>0.0</i></p> |
|---|
| 13508 | |
|---|
| 13509 | |
|---|
| 13510 | |
|---|
| 13511 | |
|---|
| 13512 | |
|---|
| 13513 | |
|---|
| 13514 | </td> |
|---|
| 13515 | |
|---|
| 13516 | |
|---|
| 13517 | |
|---|
| 13518 | |
|---|
| 13519 | |
|---|
| 13520 | |
|---|
| 13521 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 13522 | |
|---|
| 13523 | |
|---|
| 13524 | |
|---|
| 13525 | |
|---|
| 13526 | |
|---|
| 13527 | |
|---|
| 13528 | <p>Height level from |
|---|
| 13529 | which on the scalar gradient defined by <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 13530 | is effective (in m). </p> |
|---|
| 13531 | |
|---|
| 13532 | |
|---|
| 13533 | |
|---|
| 13534 | |
|---|
| 13535 | |
|---|
| 13536 | |
|---|
| 13537 | |
|---|
| 13538 | |
|---|
| 13539 | |
|---|
| 13540 | |
|---|
| 13541 | |
|---|
| 13542 | |
|---|
| 13543 | |
|---|
| 13544 | <p>The height levels |
|---|
| 13545 | are to be assigned in ascending order. The |
|---|
| 13546 | default values result in a scalar concentration constant with height |
|---|
| 13547 | regardless of the values of <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 13548 | (unless the top boundary of the model is higher than 100000.0 m). For |
|---|
| 13549 | the |
|---|
| 13550 | piecewise construction of scalar concentration profiles see <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 13551 | |
|---|
| 13552 | |
|---|
| 13553 | |
|---|
| 13554 | |
|---|
| 13555 | |
|---|
| 13556 | |
|---|
| 13557 | |
|---|
| 13558 | </td> |
|---|
| 13559 | |
|---|
| 13560 | |
|---|
| 13561 | |
|---|
| 13562 | |
|---|
| 13563 | |
|---|
| 13564 | |
|---|
| 13565 | </tr> |
|---|
| 13566 | |
|---|
| 13567 | |
|---|
| 13568 | |
|---|
| 13569 | |
|---|
| 13570 | |
|---|
| 13571 | |
|---|
| 13572 | <tr> |
|---|
| 13573 | |
|---|
| 13574 | |
|---|
| 13575 | |
|---|
| 13576 | |
|---|
| 13577 | |
|---|
| 13578 | |
|---|
| 13579 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 13580 | |
|---|
| 13581 | |
|---|
| 13582 | |
|---|
| 13583 | |
|---|
| 13584 | |
|---|
| 13585 | |
|---|
| 13586 | <p><a name="timestep_scheme"></a><b>timestep_scheme</b></p> |
|---|
| 13587 | |
|---|
| 13588 | |
|---|
| 13589 | |
|---|
| 13590 | |
|---|
| 13591 | |
|---|
| 13592 | |
|---|
| 13593 | |
|---|
| 13594 | </td> |
|---|
| 13595 | |
|---|
| 13596 | |
|---|
| 13597 | |
|---|
| 13598 | |
|---|
| 13599 | |
|---|
| 13600 | |
|---|
| 13601 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
|---|
| 13602 | |
|---|
| 13603 | |
|---|
| 13604 | |
|---|
| 13605 | |
|---|
| 13606 | |
|---|
| 13607 | |
|---|
| 13608 | |
|---|
| 13609 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 13610 | |
|---|
| 13611 | |
|---|
| 13612 | |
|---|
| 13613 | |
|---|
| 13614 | |
|---|
| 13615 | |
|---|
| 13616 | <p><i>'runge</i><br> |
|---|
| 13617 | |
|---|
| 13618 | |
|---|
| 13619 | |
|---|
| 13620 | |
|---|
| 13621 | |
|---|
| 13622 | |
|---|
| 13623 | |
|---|
| 13624 | <i>kutta-3'</i></p> |
|---|
| 13625 | |
|---|
| 13626 | |
|---|
| 13627 | |
|---|
| 13628 | |
|---|
| 13629 | |
|---|
| 13630 | |
|---|
| 13631 | </td> |
|---|
| 13632 | |
|---|
| 13633 | |
|---|
| 13634 | |
|---|
| 13635 | |
|---|
| 13636 | |
|---|
| 13637 | |
|---|
| 13638 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 13639 | |
|---|
| 13640 | |
|---|
| 13641 | |
|---|
| 13642 | |
|---|
| 13643 | |
|---|
| 13644 | |
|---|
| 13645 | <p>Time step scheme to |
|---|
| 13646 | be used for the integration of the prognostic |
|---|
| 13647 | variables. </p> |
|---|
| 13648 | |
|---|
| 13649 | |
|---|
| 13650 | |
|---|
| 13651 | |
|---|
| 13652 | |
|---|
| 13653 | |
|---|
| 13654 | |
|---|
| 13655 | |
|---|
| 13656 | |
|---|
| 13657 | |
|---|
| 13658 | |
|---|
| 13659 | |
|---|
| 13660 | |
|---|
| 13661 | <p>The user can choose between |
|---|
| 13662 | the following schemes:<br> |
|---|
| 13663 | |
|---|
| 13664 | |
|---|
| 13665 | |
|---|
| 13666 | |
|---|
| 13667 | |
|---|
| 13668 | |
|---|
| 13669 | </p> |
|---|
| 13670 | |
|---|
| 13671 | |
|---|
| 13672 | |
|---|
| 13673 | |
|---|
| 13674 | |
|---|
| 13675 | |
|---|
| 13676 | |
|---|
| 13677 | |
|---|
| 13678 | |
|---|
| 13679 | |
|---|
| 13680 | |
|---|
| 13681 | |
|---|
| 13682 | |
|---|
| 13683 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'runge-kutta-3'</span><br> |
|---|
| 13684 | |
|---|
| 13685 | |
|---|
| 13686 | |
|---|
| 13687 | |
|---|
| 13688 | |
|---|
| 13689 | |
|---|
| 13690 | |
|---|
| 13691 | </p> |
|---|
| 13692 | |
|---|
| 13693 | |
|---|
| 13694 | |
|---|
| 13695 | |
|---|
| 13696 | |
|---|
| 13697 | |
|---|
| 13698 | |
|---|
| 13699 | |
|---|
| 13700 | |
|---|
| 13701 | |
|---|
| 13702 | |
|---|
| 13703 | |
|---|
| 13704 | |
|---|
| 13705 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Third order |
|---|
| 13706 | Runge-Kutta scheme.<br> |
|---|
| 13707 | |
|---|
| 13708 | |
|---|
| 13709 | |
|---|
| 13710 | |
|---|
| 13711 | |
|---|
| 13712 | |
|---|
| 13713 | |
|---|
| 13714 | This scheme requires the use of <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
|---|
| 13715 | = <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> |
|---|
| 13716 | = '<i>pw-scheme'</i>. Please refer to the <a href="../tec/numerik.heiko/zeitschrittverfahren.pdf">documentation |
|---|
| 13717 | on PALM's time integration schemes (28p., in German)</a> |
|---|
| 13718 | fur further details.<br> |
|---|
| 13719 | |
|---|
| 13720 | |
|---|
| 13721 | |
|---|
| 13722 | |
|---|
| 13723 | |
|---|
| 13724 | |
|---|
| 13725 | </div> |
|---|
| 13726 | |
|---|
| 13727 | |
|---|
| 13728 | |
|---|
| 13729 | |
|---|
| 13730 | |
|---|
| 13731 | |
|---|
| 13732 | |
|---|
| 13733 | |
|---|
| 13734 | |
|---|
| 13735 | |
|---|
| 13736 | |
|---|
| 13737 | |
|---|
| 13738 | |
|---|
| 13739 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'runge-kutta-2'</span><br> |
|---|
| 13740 | |
|---|
| 13741 | |
|---|
| 13742 | |
|---|
| 13743 | |
|---|
| 13744 | |
|---|
| 13745 | |
|---|
| 13746 | |
|---|
| 13747 | </p> |
|---|
| 13748 | |
|---|
| 13749 | |
|---|
| 13750 | |
|---|
| 13751 | |
|---|
| 13752 | |
|---|
| 13753 | |
|---|
| 13754 | |
|---|
| 13755 | |
|---|
| 13756 | |
|---|
| 13757 | |
|---|
| 13758 | |
|---|
| 13759 | |
|---|
| 13760 | |
|---|
| 13761 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Second order |
|---|
| 13762 | Runge-Kutta scheme.<br> |
|---|
| 13763 | |
|---|
| 13764 | |
|---|
| 13765 | |
|---|
| 13766 | |
|---|
| 13767 | |
|---|
| 13768 | |
|---|
| 13769 | |
|---|
| 13770 | For special features see <b>timestep_scheme</b> = '<i>runge-kutta-3'</i>.<br> |
|---|
| 13771 | |
|---|
| 13772 | |
|---|
| 13773 | |
|---|
| 13774 | |
|---|
| 13775 | |
|---|
| 13776 | |
|---|
| 13777 | |
|---|
| 13778 | </div> |
|---|
| 13779 | |
|---|
| 13780 | |
|---|
| 13781 | |
|---|
| 13782 | |
|---|
| 13783 | |
|---|
| 13784 | |
|---|
| 13785 | <br> |
|---|
| 13786 | |
|---|
| 13787 | |
|---|
| 13788 | |
|---|
| 13789 | |
|---|
| 13790 | |
|---|
| 13791 | |
|---|
| 13792 | <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span><br> |
|---|
| 13793 | |
|---|
| 13794 | |
|---|
| 13795 | |
|---|
| 13796 | |
|---|
| 13797 | |
|---|
| 13798 | |
|---|
| 13799 | |
|---|
| 13800 | <br> |
|---|
| 13801 | |
|---|
| 13802 | |
|---|
| 13803 | |
|---|
| 13804 | |
|---|
| 13805 | |
|---|
| 13806 | |
|---|
| 13807 | </span> |
|---|
| 13808 | |
|---|
| 13809 | |
|---|
| 13810 | |
|---|
| 13811 | |
|---|
| 13812 | |
|---|
| 13813 | |
|---|
| 13814 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Second |
|---|
| 13815 | order leapfrog scheme.<br> |
|---|
| 13816 | |
|---|
| 13817 | |
|---|
| 13818 | |
|---|
| 13819 | |
|---|
| 13820 | |
|---|
| 13821 | |
|---|
| 13822 | |
|---|
| 13823 | Although this scheme requires a constant timestep (because it is |
|---|
| 13824 | centered in time), is even applied in case of changes in |
|---|
| 13825 | timestep. Therefore, only small |
|---|
| 13826 | changes of the timestep are allowed (see <a href="#dt">dt</a>). |
|---|
| 13827 | However, an Euler timestep is always used as the first timestep of an |
|---|
| 13828 | initiali run. When using the Bott-Chlond scheme for scalar advection |
|---|
| 13829 | (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>), |
|---|
| 13830 | the prognostic equation for potential temperature will be calculated |
|---|
| 13831 | with the Euler scheme, although the leapfrog scheme is switched |
|---|
| 13832 | on. <br> |
|---|
| 13833 | |
|---|
| 13834 | |
|---|
| 13835 | |
|---|
| 13836 | |
|---|
| 13837 | |
|---|
| 13838 | |
|---|
| 13839 | |
|---|
| 13840 | The leapfrog scheme must not be used together with the upstream-spline |
|---|
| 13841 | scheme for calculating the advection (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> |
|---|
| 13842 | = '<i>ups-scheme'</i> and <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
|---|
| 13843 | = '<i>ups-scheme'</i>).<br> |
|---|
| 13844 | |
|---|
| 13845 | |
|---|
| 13846 | |
|---|
| 13847 | |
|---|
| 13848 | |
|---|
| 13849 | |
|---|
| 13850 | </div> |
|---|
| 13851 | |
|---|
| 13852 | |
|---|
| 13853 | |
|---|
| 13854 | |
|---|
| 13855 | |
|---|
| 13856 | |
|---|
| 13857 | <br> |
|---|
| 13858 | |
|---|
| 13859 | |
|---|
| 13860 | |
|---|
| 13861 | |
|---|
| 13862 | |
|---|
| 13863 | |
|---|
| 13864 | |
|---|
| 13865 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">leapfrog+euler'</span><br> |
|---|
| 13866 | |
|---|
| 13867 | |
|---|
| 13868 | |
|---|
| 13869 | |
|---|
| 13870 | |
|---|
| 13871 | |
|---|
| 13872 | |
|---|
| 13873 | <br> |
|---|
| 13874 | |
|---|
| 13875 | |
|---|
| 13876 | |
|---|
| 13877 | |
|---|
| 13878 | |
|---|
| 13879 | |
|---|
| 13880 | </span> |
|---|
| 13881 | |
|---|
| 13882 | |
|---|
| 13883 | |
|---|
| 13884 | |
|---|
| 13885 | |
|---|
| 13886 | |
|---|
| 13887 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The |
|---|
| 13888 | leapfrog scheme is used, but |
|---|
| 13889 | after each change of a timestep an Euler timestep is carried out. |
|---|
| 13890 | Although this method is theoretically correct (because the pure |
|---|
| 13891 | leapfrog method does not allow timestep changes), the divergence of the |
|---|
| 13892 | velocity field (after applying the pressure solver) may be |
|---|
| 13893 | significantly larger than with <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 13894 | |
|---|
| 13895 | |
|---|
| 13896 | |
|---|
| 13897 | |
|---|
| 13898 | |
|---|
| 13899 | |
|---|
| 13900 | |
|---|
| 13901 | </div> |
|---|
| 13902 | |
|---|
| 13903 | |
|---|
| 13904 | |
|---|
| 13905 | |
|---|
| 13906 | |
|---|
| 13907 | |
|---|
| 13908 | <br> |
|---|
| 13909 | |
|---|
| 13910 | |
|---|
| 13911 | |
|---|
| 13912 | |
|---|
| 13913 | |
|---|
| 13914 | |
|---|
| 13915 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'euler'</span><br> |
|---|
| 13916 | |
|---|
| 13917 | |
|---|
| 13918 | |
|---|
| 13919 | |
|---|
| 13920 | |
|---|
| 13921 | |
|---|
| 13922 | |
|---|
| 13923 | <br> |
|---|
| 13924 | |
|---|
| 13925 | |
|---|
| 13926 | |
|---|
| 13927 | |
|---|
| 13928 | |
|---|
| 13929 | |
|---|
| 13930 | |
|---|
| 13931 | |
|---|
| 13932 | |
|---|
| 13933 | |
|---|
| 13934 | |
|---|
| 13935 | |
|---|
| 13936 | |
|---|
| 13937 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">First order |
|---|
| 13938 | Euler scheme. <br> |
|---|
| 13939 | |
|---|
| 13940 | |
|---|
| 13941 | |
|---|
| 13942 | |
|---|
| 13943 | |
|---|
| 13944 | |
|---|
| 13945 | |
|---|
| 13946 | The Euler scheme must be used when treating the advection terms with |
|---|
| 13947 | the upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> |
|---|
| 13948 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span> |
|---|
| 13949 | and <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
|---|
| 13950 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span>).</div> |
|---|
| 13951 | |
|---|
| 13952 | |
|---|
| 13953 | |
|---|
| 13954 | |
|---|
| 13955 | |
|---|
| 13956 | |
|---|
| 13957 | |
|---|
| 13958 | <br> |
|---|
| 13959 | |
|---|
| 13960 | |
|---|
| 13961 | |
|---|
| 13962 | |
|---|
| 13963 | |
|---|
| 13964 | |
|---|
| 13965 | <br> |
|---|
| 13966 | |
|---|
| 13967 | |
|---|
| 13968 | |
|---|
| 13969 | |
|---|
| 13970 | |
|---|
| 13971 | |
|---|
| 13972 | A differing timestep scheme can be choosed for the |
|---|
| 13973 | subgrid-scale TKE using parameter <a href="#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 13974 | |
|---|
| 13975 | |
|---|
| 13976 | |
|---|
| 13977 | |
|---|
| 13978 | |
|---|
| 13979 | |
|---|
| 13980 | |
|---|
| 13981 | </td> |
|---|
| 13982 | |
|---|
| 13983 | |
|---|
| 13984 | |
|---|
| 13985 | |
|---|
| 13986 | |
|---|
| 13987 | |
|---|
| 13988 | </tr> |
|---|
| 13989 | |
|---|
| 13990 | |
|---|
| 13991 | |
|---|
| 13992 | |
|---|
| 13993 | |
|---|
| 13994 | |
|---|
| 13995 | <tr> |
|---|
| 13996 | |
|---|
| 13997 | |
|---|
| 13998 | |
|---|
| 13999 | |
|---|
| 14000 | |
|---|
| 14001 | |
|---|
| 14002 | <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="topography"></a></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span></td> |
|---|
| 14003 | |
|---|
| 14004 | |
|---|
| 14005 | |
|---|
| 14006 | |
|---|
| 14007 | |
|---|
| 14008 | |
|---|
| 14009 | |
|---|
| 14010 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 40</td> |
|---|
| 14011 | |
|---|
| 14012 | |
|---|
| 14013 | |
|---|
| 14014 | |
|---|
| 14015 | |
|---|
| 14016 | |
|---|
| 14017 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span></td> |
|---|
| 14018 | |
|---|
| 14019 | |
|---|
| 14020 | |
|---|
| 14021 | |
|---|
| 14022 | |
|---|
| 14023 | |
|---|
| 14024 | <td> |
|---|
| 14025 | |
|---|
| 14026 | |
|---|
| 14027 | |
|---|
| 14028 | |
|---|
| 14029 | |
|---|
| 14030 | |
|---|
| 14031 | <p>Topography mode. </p> |
|---|
| 14032 | |
|---|
| 14033 | |
|---|
| 14034 | |
|---|
| 14035 | |
|---|
| 14036 | |
|---|
| 14037 | |
|---|
| 14038 | |
|---|
| 14039 | |
|---|
| 14040 | |
|---|
| 14041 | |
|---|
| 14042 | |
|---|
| 14043 | |
|---|
| 14044 | |
|---|
| 14045 | <p>The user can |
|---|
| 14046 | choose between the following modes:<br> |
|---|
| 14047 | |
|---|
| 14048 | |
|---|
| 14049 | |
|---|
| 14050 | |
|---|
| 14051 | |
|---|
| 14052 | |
|---|
| 14053 | </p> |
|---|
| 14054 | |
|---|
| 14055 | |
|---|
| 14056 | |
|---|
| 14057 | |
|---|
| 14058 | |
|---|
| 14059 | |
|---|
| 14060 | |
|---|
| 14061 | |
|---|
| 14062 | |
|---|
| 14063 | |
|---|
| 14064 | |
|---|
| 14065 | |
|---|
| 14066 | |
|---|
| 14067 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span><br> |
|---|
| 14068 | |
|---|
| 14069 | |
|---|
| 14070 | |
|---|
| 14071 | |
|---|
| 14072 | |
|---|
| 14073 | |
|---|
| 14074 | </p> |
|---|
| 14075 | |
|---|
| 14076 | |
|---|
| 14077 | |
|---|
| 14078 | |
|---|
| 14079 | |
|---|
| 14080 | |
|---|
| 14081 | |
|---|
| 14082 | |
|---|
| 14083 | |
|---|
| 14084 | |
|---|
| 14085 | |
|---|
| 14086 | |
|---|
| 14087 | |
|---|
| 14088 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flat surface.</div> |
|---|
| 14089 | |
|---|
| 14090 | |
|---|
| 14091 | |
|---|
| 14092 | |
|---|
| 14093 | |
|---|
| 14094 | |
|---|
| 14095 | |
|---|
| 14096 | |
|---|
| 14097 | |
|---|
| 14098 | |
|---|
| 14099 | |
|---|
| 14100 | |
|---|
| 14101 | |
|---|
| 14102 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span><br> |
|---|
| 14103 | |
|---|
| 14104 | |
|---|
| 14105 | |
|---|
| 14106 | |
|---|
| 14107 | |
|---|
| 14108 | |
|---|
| 14109 | |
|---|
| 14110 | </p> |
|---|
| 14111 | |
|---|
| 14112 | |
|---|
| 14113 | |
|---|
| 14114 | |
|---|
| 14115 | |
|---|
| 14116 | |
|---|
| 14117 | |
|---|
| 14118 | |
|---|
| 14119 | |
|---|
| 14120 | |
|---|
| 14121 | |
|---|
| 14122 | |
|---|
| 14123 | |
|---|
| 14124 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flow |
|---|
| 14125 | around a single rectangular building mounted on a flat surface.<br> |
|---|
| 14126 | |
|---|
| 14127 | |
|---|
| 14128 | |
|---|
| 14129 | |
|---|
| 14130 | |
|---|
| 14131 | |
|---|
| 14132 | |
|---|
| 14133 | The building size and location can be specified by the parameters <a href="#building_height">building_height</a>, <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a>, <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a>, <a href="#building_wall_left">building_wall_left</a> and <a href="#building_wall_south">building_wall_south</a>.<font color="#000000"><br></font></div> |
|---|
| 14134 | |
|---|
| 14135 | |
|---|
| 14136 | |
|---|
| 14137 | |
|---|
| 14138 | |
|---|
| 14139 | |
|---|
| 14140 | |
|---|
| 14141 | <span style="font-style: italic;"></span> |
|---|
| 14142 | |
|---|
| 14143 | |
|---|
| 14144 | |
|---|
| 14145 | |
|---|
| 14146 | |
|---|
| 14147 | |
|---|
| 14148 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'single_street_canyon'</span><br> |
|---|
| 14149 | |
|---|
| 14150 | |
|---|
| 14151 | |
|---|
| 14152 | |
|---|
| 14153 | |
|---|
| 14154 | |
|---|
| 14155 | |
|---|
| 14156 | </p> |
|---|
| 14157 | |
|---|
| 14158 | |
|---|
| 14159 | |
|---|
| 14160 | |
|---|
| 14161 | |
|---|
| 14162 | |
|---|
| 14163 | |
|---|
| 14164 | |
|---|
| 14165 | |
|---|
| 14166 | |
|---|
| 14167 | |
|---|
| 14168 | |
|---|
| 14169 | |
|---|
| 14170 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flow |
|---|
| 14171 | over a single, quasi-2D street canyon of infinite length oriented either in x- or in y-direction.<br> |
|---|
| 14172 | |
|---|
| 14173 | |
|---|
| 14174 | |
|---|
| 14175 | |
|---|
| 14176 | |
|---|
| 14177 | |
|---|
| 14178 | |
|---|
| 14179 | The canyon size, orientation and location can be specified by the parameters <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_height">canyon_height</a> plus <span style="font-weight: bold;">either</span> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_x">canyon_width_x</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_wall_left">canyon_wall_left</a> <span style="font-weight: bold;">or</span> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_y">canyon_width_y</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_wall_south">canyon_wall_south</a>.<font color="#000000"><br></font></div> |
|---|
| 14180 | |
|---|
| 14181 | |
|---|
| 14182 | |
|---|
| 14183 | |
|---|
| 14184 | |
|---|
| 14185 | |
|---|
| 14186 | |
|---|
| 14187 | <span style="font-style: italic;"></span> <span style="font-style: italic;"></span><p><span style="font-style: italic;">'read_from_file'</span><br> |
|---|
| 14188 | |
|---|
| 14189 | |
|---|
| 14190 | |
|---|
| 14191 | |
|---|
| 14192 | |
|---|
| 14193 | |
|---|
| 14194 | |
|---|
| 14195 | </p> |
|---|
| 14196 | |
|---|
| 14197 | |
|---|
| 14198 | |
|---|
| 14199 | |
|---|
| 14200 | |
|---|
| 14201 | |
|---|
| 14202 | |
|---|
| 14203 | |
|---|
| 14204 | |
|---|
| 14205 | |
|---|
| 14206 | |
|---|
| 14207 | |
|---|
| 14208 | |
|---|
| 14209 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flow around |
|---|
| 14210 | arbitrary topography.<br> |
|---|
| 14211 | |
|---|
| 14212 | |
|---|
| 14213 | |
|---|
| 14214 | |
|---|
| 14215 | |
|---|
| 14216 | |
|---|
| 14217 | |
|---|
| 14218 | This mode requires the input file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#TOPOGRAPHY_DATA">TOPOGRAPHY_DATA</a><font color="#000000">. This file contains </font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">the </font></font><font color="#000000">arbitrary topography </font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">height |
|---|
| 14219 | information</font></font><font color="#000000"> |
|---|
| 14220 | in m. These data <span style="font-style: italic;"></span>must |
|---|
| 14221 | exactly match the horizontal grid.<br></font> </div> |
|---|
| 14222 | |
|---|
| 14223 | |
|---|
| 14224 | |
|---|
| 14225 | |
|---|
| 14226 | |
|---|
| 14227 | |
|---|
| 14228 | <span style="font-style: italic;"><br> |
|---|
| 14229 | |
|---|
| 14230 | |
|---|
| 14231 | |
|---|
| 14232 | |
|---|
| 14233 | |
|---|
| 14234 | |
|---|
| 14235 | </span><font color="#000000"> |
|---|
| 14236 | Alternatively, the user may add code to the user interface subroutine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_grid">user_init_grid</a> |
|---|
| 14237 | to allow further topography modes. </font>These require to explicitly set the<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><a href="chapter_4.3.html#topography_grid_convention">topography_grid_convention</a> to either <span style="font-style: italic;">'cell_edge'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'cell_center'</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 14238 | |
|---|
| 14239 | <font color="#000000"> |
|---|
| 14240 | |
|---|
| 14241 | |
|---|
| 14242 | |
|---|
| 14243 | |
|---|
| 14244 | <br> |
|---|
| 14245 | |
|---|
| 14246 | |
|---|
| 14247 | |
|---|
| 14248 | |
|---|
| 14249 | |
|---|
| 14250 | |
|---|
| 14251 | |
|---|
| 14252 | Non-flat <span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span> |
|---|
| 14253 | modes may assign a</font> |
|---|
| 14254 | kinematic sensible<font color="#000000"> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#wall_heatflux">wall_heatflux</a> at the five topography faces.</font><br> |
|---|
| 14255 | |
|---|
| 14256 | <font color="#000000"> |
|---|
| 14257 | |
|---|
| 14258 | |
|---|
| 14259 | |
|---|
| 14260 | |
|---|
| 14261 | <br> |
|---|
| 14262 | |
|---|
| 14263 | |
|---|
| 14264 | |
|---|
| 14265 | |
|---|
| 14266 | |
|---|
| 14267 | |
|---|
| 14268 | |
|---|
| 14269 | All non-flat <span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span> |
|---|
| 14270 | modes </font>require the use of <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
|---|
| 14271 | = <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> |
|---|
| 14272 | = '<i>pw-scheme'</i>, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a> |
|---|
| 14273 | /= <i>'sor</i><i>'</i>, |
|---|
| 14274 | <i> </i><a href="#alpha_surface">alpha_surface</a> |
|---|
| 14275 | = 0.0,<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> <a style="" href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a> |
|---|
| 14276 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>, <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics </a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>, <a href="#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>, <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>, and <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a> = .T..<br> |
|---|
| 14277 | |
|---|
| 14278 | |
|---|
| 14279 | |
|---|
| 14280 | |
|---|
| 14281 | |
|---|
| 14282 | |
|---|
| 14283 | |
|---|
| 14284 | <font color="#000000"><br> |
|---|
| 14285 | |
|---|
| 14286 | |
|---|
| 14287 | |
|---|
| 14288 | |
|---|
| 14289 | |
|---|
| 14290 | |
|---|
| 14291 | |
|---|
| 14292 | Note that an inclined model domain requires the use of <span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span> and a |
|---|
| 14293 | nonzero </font><a href="#alpha_surface">alpha_surface</a>.</td> |
|---|
| 14294 | |
|---|
| 14295 | |
|---|
| 14296 | |
|---|
| 14297 | |
|---|
| 14298 | |
|---|
| 14299 | |
|---|
| 14300 | |
|---|
| 14301 | </tr> |
|---|
| 14302 | |
|---|
| 14303 | |
|---|
| 14304 | |
|---|
| 14305 | |
|---|
| 14306 | |
|---|
| 14307 | |
|---|
| 14308 | <tr> |
|---|
| 14309 | |
|---|
| 14310 | |
|---|
| 14311 | |
|---|
| 14312 | |
|---|
| 14313 | |
|---|
| 14314 | |
|---|
| 14315 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_heatflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_heatflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 14316 | |
|---|
| 14317 | |
|---|
| 14318 | |
|---|
| 14319 | |
|---|
| 14320 | |
|---|
| 14321 | |
|---|
| 14322 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 14323 | |
|---|
| 14324 | |
|---|
| 14325 | |
|---|
| 14326 | |
|---|
| 14327 | |
|---|
| 14328 | |
|---|
| 14329 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br> |
|---|
| 14330 | |
|---|
| 14331 | |
|---|
| 14332 | |
|---|
| 14333 | |
|---|
| 14334 | |
|---|
| 14335 | |
|---|
| 14336 | |
|---|
| 14337 | heatflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 14338 | |
|---|
| 14339 | |
|---|
| 14340 | |
|---|
| 14341 | |
|---|
| 14342 | |
|---|
| 14343 | |
|---|
| 14344 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 14345 | |
|---|
| 14346 | |
|---|
| 14347 | |
|---|
| 14348 | |
|---|
| 14349 | |
|---|
| 14350 | |
|---|
| 14351 | <p>Kinematic |
|---|
| 14352 | sensible heat flux at the top boundary (in K m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 14353 | |
|---|
| 14354 | |
|---|
| 14355 | |
|---|
| 14356 | |
|---|
| 14357 | |
|---|
| 14358 | |
|---|
| 14359 | |
|---|
| 14360 | |
|---|
| 14361 | |
|---|
| 14362 | |
|---|
| 14363 | |
|---|
| 14364 | |
|---|
| 14365 | |
|---|
| 14366 | <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal |
|---|
| 14367 | two-dimensional surface heat flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">tswst</span> is |
|---|
| 14368 | initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_heatflux</span> as |
|---|
| 14369 | top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the |
|---|
| 14370 | temperature equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
|---|
| 14371 | condition must be used for the potential temperature (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_pt_t">bc_pt_t</a>), |
|---|
| 14372 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 14373 | the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> </p> |
|---|
| 14374 | |
|---|
| 14375 | |
|---|
| 14376 | |
|---|
| 14377 | |
|---|
| 14378 | |
|---|
| 14379 | |
|---|
| 14380 | |
|---|
| 14381 | |
|---|
| 14382 | |
|---|
| 14383 | |
|---|
| 14384 | |
|---|
| 14385 | |
|---|
| 14386 | |
|---|
| 14387 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
|---|
| 14388 | |
|---|
| 14389 | |
|---|
| 14390 | |
|---|
| 14391 | |
|---|
| 14392 | |
|---|
| 14393 | |
|---|
| 14394 | The |
|---|
| 14395 | application of a top heat flux additionally requires the setting of |
|---|
| 14396 | initial parameter <a href="#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a> |
|---|
| 14397 | = .T..<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> </p> |
|---|
| 14398 | |
|---|
| 14399 | |
|---|
| 14400 | |
|---|
| 14401 | |
|---|
| 14402 | |
|---|
| 14403 | |
|---|
| 14404 | |
|---|
| 14405 | |
|---|
| 14406 | |
|---|
| 14407 | |
|---|
| 14408 | |
|---|
| 14409 | |
|---|
| 14410 | <p>No |
|---|
| 14411 | Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p> |
|---|
| 14412 | |
|---|
| 14413 | |
|---|
| 14414 | |
|---|
| 14415 | |
|---|
| 14416 | |
|---|
| 14417 | |
|---|
| 14418 | |
|---|
| 14419 | |
|---|
| 14420 | |
|---|
| 14421 | |
|---|
| 14422 | |
|---|
| 14423 | |
|---|
| 14424 | <p>See |
|---|
| 14425 | also <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 14426 | |
|---|
| 14427 | |
|---|
| 14428 | |
|---|
| 14429 | |
|---|
| 14430 | |
|---|
| 14431 | |
|---|
| 14432 | |
|---|
| 14433 | </td> |
|---|
| 14434 | |
|---|
| 14435 | |
|---|
| 14436 | |
|---|
| 14437 | |
|---|
| 14438 | |
|---|
| 14439 | |
|---|
| 14440 | </tr> |
|---|
| 14441 | |
|---|
| 14442 | |
|---|
| 14443 | |
|---|
| 14444 | |
|---|
| 14445 | |
|---|
| 14446 | |
|---|
| 14447 | <tr> |
|---|
| 14448 | |
|---|
| 14449 | |
|---|
| 14450 | |
|---|
| 14451 | |
|---|
| 14452 | |
|---|
| 14453 | |
|---|
| 14454 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_momentumflux_u"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span></td> |
|---|
| 14455 | |
|---|
| 14456 | |
|---|
| 14457 | |
|---|
| 14458 | |
|---|
| 14459 | |
|---|
| 14460 | |
|---|
| 14461 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 14462 | |
|---|
| 14463 | |
|---|
| 14464 | |
|---|
| 14465 | |
|---|
| 14466 | |
|---|
| 14467 | |
|---|
| 14468 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed momentumflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 14469 | |
|---|
| 14470 | |
|---|
| 14471 | |
|---|
| 14472 | |
|---|
| 14473 | |
|---|
| 14474 | |
|---|
| 14475 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Momentum flux along x at the top boundary (in m2/s2).<br> |
|---|
| 14476 | |
|---|
| 14477 | |
|---|
| 14478 | |
|---|
| 14479 | |
|---|
| 14480 | |
|---|
| 14481 | |
|---|
| 14482 | |
|---|
| 14483 | |
|---|
| 14484 | |
|---|
| 14485 | |
|---|
| 14486 | |
|---|
| 14487 | |
|---|
| 14488 | <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal |
|---|
| 14489 | two-dimensional u-momentum flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">uswst</span> is |
|---|
| 14490 | initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span> as |
|---|
| 14491 | top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the u-momentum equation.</p> |
|---|
| 14492 | |
|---|
| 14493 | |
|---|
| 14494 | |
|---|
| 14495 | |
|---|
| 14496 | |
|---|
| 14497 | |
|---|
| 14498 | |
|---|
| 14499 | |
|---|
| 14500 | |
|---|
| 14501 | |
|---|
| 14502 | |
|---|
| 14503 | |
|---|
| 14504 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Notes:</span><br> |
|---|
| 14505 | |
|---|
| 14506 | |
|---|
| 14507 | |
|---|
| 14508 | |
|---|
| 14509 | |
|---|
| 14510 | |
|---|
| 14511 | The |
|---|
| 14512 | application of a top momentum flux additionally requires the setting of |
|---|
| 14513 | initial parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a> |
|---|
| 14514 | = .T.. Setting of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span> requires setting of <a href="#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a> also.</p> |
|---|
| 14515 | |
|---|
| 14516 | |
|---|
| 14517 | |
|---|
| 14518 | |
|---|
| 14519 | |
|---|
| 14520 | |
|---|
| 14521 | |
|---|
| 14522 | |
|---|
| 14523 | |
|---|
| 14524 | |
|---|
| 14525 | |
|---|
| 14526 | |
|---|
| 14527 | <p>A Neumann |
|---|
| 14528 | condition should be used for the u velocity component (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>), |
|---|
| 14529 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 14530 | the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> </p> |
|---|
| 14531 | |
|---|
| 14532 | |
|---|
| 14533 | |
|---|
| 14534 | |
|---|
| 14535 | |
|---|
| 14536 | |
|---|
| 14537 | |
|---|
| 14538 | <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> |
|---|
| 14539 | |
|---|
| 14540 | |
|---|
| 14541 | |
|---|
| 14542 | |
|---|
| 14543 | |
|---|
| 14544 | |
|---|
| 14545 | <p>No |
|---|
| 14546 | Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p> |
|---|
| 14547 | |
|---|
| 14548 | |
|---|
| 14549 | |
|---|
| 14550 | |
|---|
| 14551 | |
|---|
| 14552 | |
|---|
| 14553 | |
|---|
| 14554 | |
|---|
| 14555 | |
|---|
| 14556 | |
|---|
| 14557 | |
|---|
| 14558 | |
|---|
| 14559 | <p> The <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean parameter file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a> should include dummy REAL value assignments to both <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a> (e.g. top_momentumflux_u = 0.0, top_momentumflux_v = 0.0) to enable the momentum flux coupling.</p> |
|---|
| 14560 | |
|---|
| 14561 | |
|---|
| 14562 | |
|---|
| 14563 | |
|---|
| 14564 | |
|---|
| 14565 | |
|---|
| 14566 | </td> |
|---|
| 14567 | |
|---|
| 14568 | |
|---|
| 14569 | |
|---|
| 14570 | |
|---|
| 14571 | |
|---|
| 14572 | |
|---|
| 14573 | </tr> |
|---|
| 14574 | |
|---|
| 14575 | |
|---|
| 14576 | |
|---|
| 14577 | |
|---|
| 14578 | |
|---|
| 14579 | |
|---|
| 14580 | <tr> |
|---|
| 14581 | |
|---|
| 14582 | |
|---|
| 14583 | |
|---|
| 14584 | |
|---|
| 14585 | |
|---|
| 14586 | |
|---|
| 14587 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_momentumflux_v"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span></td> |
|---|
| 14588 | |
|---|
| 14589 | |
|---|
| 14590 | |
|---|
| 14591 | |
|---|
| 14592 | |
|---|
| 14593 | |
|---|
| 14594 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 14595 | |
|---|
| 14596 | |
|---|
| 14597 | |
|---|
| 14598 | |
|---|
| 14599 | |
|---|
| 14600 | |
|---|
| 14601 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed momentumflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 14602 | |
|---|
| 14603 | |
|---|
| 14604 | |
|---|
| 14605 | |
|---|
| 14606 | |
|---|
| 14607 | |
|---|
| 14608 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Momentum flux along y at the top boundary (in m2/s2).<br> |
|---|
| 14609 | |
|---|
| 14610 | |
|---|
| 14611 | |
|---|
| 14612 | |
|---|
| 14613 | |
|---|
| 14614 | |
|---|
| 14615 | |
|---|
| 14616 | |
|---|
| 14617 | |
|---|
| 14618 | |
|---|
| 14619 | |
|---|
| 14620 | |
|---|
| 14621 | <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal |
|---|
| 14622 | two-dimensional v-momentum flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">vswst</span> is |
|---|
| 14623 | initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span> as |
|---|
| 14624 | top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the v-momentum equation.</p> |
|---|
| 14625 | |
|---|
| 14626 | |
|---|
| 14627 | |
|---|
| 14628 | |
|---|
| 14629 | |
|---|
| 14630 | |
|---|
| 14631 | |
|---|
| 14632 | |
|---|
| 14633 | |
|---|
| 14634 | |
|---|
| 14635 | |
|---|
| 14636 | |
|---|
| 14637 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Notes:</span><br> |
|---|
| 14638 | |
|---|
| 14639 | |
|---|
| 14640 | |
|---|
| 14641 | |
|---|
| 14642 | |
|---|
| 14643 | |
|---|
| 14644 | The |
|---|
| 14645 | application of a top momentum flux additionally requires the setting of |
|---|
| 14646 | initial parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a> |
|---|
| 14647 | = .T.. Setting of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span> requires setting of <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a> also.</p> |
|---|
| 14648 | |
|---|
| 14649 | |
|---|
| 14650 | |
|---|
| 14651 | |
|---|
| 14652 | |
|---|
| 14653 | |
|---|
| 14654 | |
|---|
| 14655 | |
|---|
| 14656 | |
|---|
| 14657 | |
|---|
| 14658 | |
|---|
| 14659 | |
|---|
| 14660 | <p>A Neumann |
|---|
| 14661 | condition should be used for the v velocity component (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>), |
|---|
| 14662 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 14663 | the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> </p> |
|---|
| 14664 | |
|---|
| 14665 | |
|---|
| 14666 | |
|---|
| 14667 | |
|---|
| 14668 | |
|---|
| 14669 | |
|---|
| 14670 | |
|---|
| 14671 | <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> |
|---|
| 14672 | |
|---|
| 14673 | |
|---|
| 14674 | |
|---|
| 14675 | |
|---|
| 14676 | |
|---|
| 14677 | |
|---|
| 14678 | <p>No |
|---|
| 14679 | Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p> |
|---|
| 14680 | |
|---|
| 14681 | |
|---|
| 14682 | |
|---|
| 14683 | |
|---|
| 14684 | |
|---|
| 14685 | |
|---|
| 14686 | |
|---|
| 14687 | |
|---|
| 14688 | |
|---|
| 14689 | |
|---|
| 14690 | |
|---|
| 14691 | |
|---|
| 14692 | <p> The <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean parameter file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a> should include dummy REAL value assignments to both <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a> (e.g. top_momentumflux_u = 0.0, top_momentumflux_v = 0.0) to enable the momentum flux coupling.</p> |
|---|
| 14693 | |
|---|
| 14694 | |
|---|
| 14695 | |
|---|
| 14696 | |
|---|
| 14697 | |
|---|
| 14698 | |
|---|
| 14699 | </td> |
|---|
| 14700 | |
|---|
| 14701 | |
|---|
| 14702 | |
|---|
| 14703 | |
|---|
| 14704 | |
|---|
| 14705 | |
|---|
| 14706 | </tr> |
|---|
| 14707 | |
|---|
| 14708 | |
|---|
| 14709 | |
|---|
| 14710 | |
|---|
| 14711 | |
|---|
| 14712 | |
|---|
| 14713 | <tr> |
|---|
| 14714 | |
|---|
| 14715 | |
|---|
| 14716 | |
|---|
| 14717 | |
|---|
| 14718 | |
|---|
| 14719 | |
|---|
| 14720 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_salinityflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_salinityflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 14721 | |
|---|
| 14722 | |
|---|
| 14723 | |
|---|
| 14724 | |
|---|
| 14725 | |
|---|
| 14726 | |
|---|
| 14727 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 14728 | |
|---|
| 14729 | |
|---|
| 14730 | |
|---|
| 14731 | |
|---|
| 14732 | |
|---|
| 14733 | |
|---|
| 14734 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br> |
|---|
| 14735 | |
|---|
| 14736 | |
|---|
| 14737 | |
|---|
| 14738 | |
|---|
| 14739 | |
|---|
| 14740 | |
|---|
| 14741 | |
|---|
| 14742 | salinityflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 14743 | |
|---|
| 14744 | |
|---|
| 14745 | |
|---|
| 14746 | |
|---|
| 14747 | |
|---|
| 14748 | |
|---|
| 14749 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 14750 | |
|---|
| 14751 | |
|---|
| 14752 | |
|---|
| 14753 | |
|---|
| 14754 | |
|---|
| 14755 | |
|---|
| 14756 | <p>Kinematic |
|---|
| 14757 | salinity flux at the top boundary, i.e. the sea surface (in psu m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 14758 | |
|---|
| 14759 | |
|---|
| 14760 | |
|---|
| 14761 | |
|---|
| 14762 | |
|---|
| 14763 | |
|---|
| 14764 | |
|---|
| 14765 | |
|---|
| 14766 | |
|---|
| 14767 | |
|---|
| 14768 | |
|---|
| 14769 | |
|---|
| 14770 | |
|---|
| 14771 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 14772 | |
|---|
| 14773 | |
|---|
| 14774 | |
|---|
| 14775 | |
|---|
| 14776 | |
|---|
| 14777 | |
|---|
| 14778 | |
|---|
| 14779 | |
|---|
| 14780 | |
|---|
| 14781 | |
|---|
| 14782 | |
|---|
| 14783 | |
|---|
| 14784 | <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal |
|---|
| 14785 | two-dimensional surface heat flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">saswst</span> is |
|---|
| 14786 | initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_salinityflux</span> as |
|---|
| 14787 | top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the salinity equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
|---|
| 14788 | condition must be used for the salinity (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_sa_t">bc_sa_t</a>), |
|---|
| 14789 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
|---|
| 14790 | the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> </p> |
|---|
| 14791 | |
|---|
| 14792 | |
|---|
| 14793 | |
|---|
| 14794 | |
|---|
| 14795 | |
|---|
| 14796 | |
|---|
| 14797 | |
|---|
| 14798 | |
|---|
| 14799 | |
|---|
| 14800 | |
|---|
| 14801 | |
|---|
| 14802 | |
|---|
| 14803 | |
|---|
| 14804 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
|---|
| 14805 | |
|---|
| 14806 | |
|---|
| 14807 | |
|---|
| 14808 | |
|---|
| 14809 | |
|---|
| 14810 | |
|---|
| 14811 | The |
|---|
| 14812 | application of a salinity flux at the model top additionally requires the setting of |
|---|
| 14813 | initial parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a> |
|---|
| 14814 | = .T..<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> </p> |
|---|
| 14815 | |
|---|
| 14816 | |
|---|
| 14817 | |
|---|
| 14818 | |
|---|
| 14819 | |
|---|
| 14820 | |
|---|
| 14821 | |
|---|
| 14822 | |
|---|
| 14823 | |
|---|
| 14824 | |
|---|
| 14825 | |
|---|
| 14826 | |
|---|
| 14827 | <p>See |
|---|
| 14828 | also <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bottom_salinityflux">bottom_salinityflux</a>.</p> |
|---|
| 14829 | |
|---|
| 14830 | |
|---|
| 14831 | |
|---|
| 14832 | |
|---|
| 14833 | |
|---|
| 14834 | |
|---|
| 14835 | </td> |
|---|
| 14836 | |
|---|
| 14837 | |
|---|
| 14838 | |
|---|
| 14839 | |
|---|
| 14840 | |
|---|
| 14841 | |
|---|
| 14842 | </tr> |
|---|
| 14843 | |
|---|
| 14844 | |
|---|
| 14845 | |
|---|
| 14846 | |
|---|
| 14847 | |
|---|
| 14848 | |
|---|
| 14849 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="turbulent_inflow"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">turbulent_inflow</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Generates a turbulent inflow at side boundaries using a turbulence recycling method.<br><br>Turbulent inflow is realized using the turbulence recycling method from Lund et al. (1998, J. Comp. Phys., <span style="font-weight: bold;">140</span>, 233-258) modified by Kataoka and Mizuno (2002, Wind and Structures, <span style="font-weight: bold;">5</span>, 379-392).<br><br>A turbulent inflow requires Dirichlet conditions at the respective inflow boundary. <span style="font-weight: bold;">So far, a turbulent inflow is realized from the left (west) side only, i.e. </span><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> =</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> 'dirichlet/radiation'</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> is required!</span><br><br>The initial (quasi-stationary) turbulence field should be generated by a precursor run and used by setting <a href="chapter_4.1.html#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> =<span style="font-style: italic;"> 'read_data_for_recycling'</span>.<br><br>The distance of the recycling plane from the inflow boundary can be set with parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#recycling_width">recycling_width</a>. |
|---|
| 14850 | The heigth above ground above which the turbulence signal is not used |
|---|
| 14851 | for recycling and the width of the layer within the magnitude of |
|---|
| 14852 | the turbulence signal is damped from 100% to 0% can be set with |
|---|
| 14853 | parameters <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_height">inflow_damping_height</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_width">inflow_damping_width</a>.<br><br>The detailed setup for a turbulent inflow is described in <a href="chapter_3.9.html">chapter 3.9</a>.</td></tr><tr> |
|---|
| 14854 | |
|---|
| 14855 | |
|---|
| 14856 | |
|---|
| 14857 | |
|---|
| 14858 | |
|---|
| 14859 | |
|---|
| 14860 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 14861 | |
|---|
| 14862 | |
|---|
| 14863 | |
|---|
| 14864 | |
|---|
| 14865 | |
|---|
| 14866 | |
|---|
| 14867 | <p><a name="ug_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_surface</span></p> |
|---|
| 14868 | |
|---|
| 14869 | |
|---|
| 14870 | |
|---|
| 14871 | |
|---|
| 14872 | |
|---|
| 14873 | |
|---|
| 14874 | |
|---|
| 14875 | </td> |
|---|
| 14876 | |
|---|
| 14877 | |
|---|
| 14878 | |
|---|
| 14879 | |
|---|
| 14880 | |
|---|
| 14881 | |
|---|
| 14882 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
|---|
| 14883 | |
|---|
| 14884 | |
|---|
| 14885 | |
|---|
| 14886 | |
|---|
| 14887 | |
|---|
| 14888 | |
|---|
| 14889 | </td> |
|---|
| 14890 | |
|---|
| 14891 | |
|---|
| 14892 | |
|---|
| 14893 | |
|---|
| 14894 | |
|---|
| 14895 | |
|---|
| 14896 | |
|---|
| 14897 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 14898 | |
|---|
| 14899 | |
|---|
| 14900 | |
|---|
| 14901 | |
|---|
| 14902 | |
|---|
| 14903 | |
|---|
| 14904 | </td> |
|---|
| 14905 | |
|---|
| 14906 | |
|---|
| 14907 | |
|---|
| 14908 | |
|---|
| 14909 | |
|---|
| 14910 | |
|---|
| 14911 | |
|---|
| 14912 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the |
|---|
| 14913 | geostrophic |
|---|
| 14914 | wind at the surface (in m/s).<br> |
|---|
| 14915 | |
|---|
| 14916 | |
|---|
| 14917 | |
|---|
| 14918 | |
|---|
| 14919 | |
|---|
| 14920 | |
|---|
| 14921 | <br> |
|---|
| 14922 | |
|---|
| 14923 | |
|---|
| 14924 | |
|---|
| 14925 | |
|---|
| 14926 | |
|---|
| 14927 | |
|---|
| 14928 | |
|---|
| 14929 | This parameter assigns the value of the u-component of the geostrophic |
|---|
| 14930 | wind (ug) at the surface (k=0). Starting from this value, the initial |
|---|
| 14931 | vertical profile of the <br> |
|---|
| 14932 | |
|---|
| 14933 | |
|---|
| 14934 | |
|---|
| 14935 | |
|---|
| 14936 | |
|---|
| 14937 | |
|---|
| 14938 | |
|---|
| 14939 | u-component of the geostrophic wind is constructed with <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 14940 | and <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 14941 | The |
|---|
| 14942 | profile constructed in that way is used for creating the initial |
|---|
| 14943 | vertical velocity profile of the 3d-model. Either it is applied, as it |
|---|
| 14944 | has been specified by the user (<a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 14945 | = 'set_constant_profiles') or it is used for calculating a stationary |
|---|
| 14946 | boundary layer wind profile (<a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 14947 | = 'set_1d-model_profiles'). If ug is constant with height (i.e. ug(k)=<span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_surface</span>) |
|---|
| 14948 | and has a large |
|---|
| 14949 | value, it is recommended to use a Galilei-transformation of the |
|---|
| 14950 | coordinate system, if possible (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
|---|
| 14951 | in order to obtain larger time steps.<br> |
|---|
| 14952 | |
|---|
| 14953 | |
|---|
| 14954 | |
|---|
| 14955 | |
|---|
| 14956 | |
|---|
| 14957 | |
|---|
| 14958 | <br> |
|---|
| 14959 | |
|---|
| 14960 | |
|---|
| 14961 | |
|---|
| 14962 | |
|---|
| 14963 | |
|---|
| 14964 | |
|---|
| 14965 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 14966 | |
|---|
| 14967 | |
|---|
| 14968 | |
|---|
| 14969 | |
|---|
| 14970 | |
|---|
| 14971 | |
|---|
| 14972 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
|---|
| 14973 | this parameter gives the geostrophic velocity value (i.e. the pressure gradient) at the sea surface, which is |
|---|
| 14974 | at k=nzt. The profile is then constructed from the surface down to the |
|---|
| 14975 | bottom of the model.<br> |
|---|
| 14976 | |
|---|
| 14977 | |
|---|
| 14978 | |
|---|
| 14979 | |
|---|
| 14980 | |
|---|
| 14981 | |
|---|
| 14982 | </td> |
|---|
| 14983 | |
|---|
| 14984 | |
|---|
| 14985 | |
|---|
| 14986 | |
|---|
| 14987 | |
|---|
| 14988 | |
|---|
| 14989 | </tr> |
|---|
| 14990 | |
|---|
| 14991 | |
|---|
| 14992 | |
|---|
| 14993 | |
|---|
| 14994 | |
|---|
| 14995 | |
|---|
| 14996 | |
|---|
| 14997 | <tr> |
|---|
| 14998 | |
|---|
| 14999 | |
|---|
| 15000 | |
|---|
| 15001 | |
|---|
| 15002 | |
|---|
| 15003 | |
|---|
| 15004 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15005 | |
|---|
| 15006 | |
|---|
| 15007 | |
|---|
| 15008 | |
|---|
| 15009 | |
|---|
| 15010 | |
|---|
| 15011 | <p><a name="ug_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient</span></p> |
|---|
| 15012 | |
|---|
| 15013 | |
|---|
| 15014 | |
|---|
| 15015 | |
|---|
| 15016 | |
|---|
| 15017 | |
|---|
| 15018 | |
|---|
| 15019 | </td> |
|---|
| 15020 | |
|---|
| 15021 | |
|---|
| 15022 | |
|---|
| 15023 | |
|---|
| 15024 | |
|---|
| 15025 | |
|---|
| 15026 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br> |
|---|
| 15027 | |
|---|
| 15028 | |
|---|
| 15029 | |
|---|
| 15030 | |
|---|
| 15031 | |
|---|
| 15032 | |
|---|
| 15033 | |
|---|
| 15034 | </td> |
|---|
| 15035 | |
|---|
| 15036 | |
|---|
| 15037 | |
|---|
| 15038 | |
|---|
| 15039 | |
|---|
| 15040 | |
|---|
| 15041 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 |
|---|
| 15042 | * 0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 15043 | |
|---|
| 15044 | |
|---|
| 15045 | |
|---|
| 15046 | |
|---|
| 15047 | |
|---|
| 15048 | |
|---|
| 15049 | </td> |
|---|
| 15050 | |
|---|
| 15051 | |
|---|
| 15052 | |
|---|
| 15053 | |
|---|
| 15054 | |
|---|
| 15055 | |
|---|
| 15056 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the initial |
|---|
| 15057 | profile of the u-component of the geostrophic wind (in |
|---|
| 15058 | 1/100s).<br> |
|---|
| 15059 | |
|---|
| 15060 | |
|---|
| 15061 | |
|---|
| 15062 | |
|---|
| 15063 | |
|---|
| 15064 | |
|---|
| 15065 | <br> |
|---|
| 15066 | |
|---|
| 15067 | |
|---|
| 15068 | |
|---|
| 15069 | |
|---|
| 15070 | |
|---|
| 15071 | |
|---|
| 15072 | |
|---|
| 15073 | The gradient holds starting from the height level defined by <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 15074 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) > <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>, |
|---|
| 15075 | ug(k) is set: ug(k) = ug(k-1) + dzu(k) * <span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient</span>) |
|---|
| 15076 | up to the top |
|---|
| 15077 | boundary or up to the next height level defined by <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 15078 | A |
|---|
| 15079 | total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 |
|---|
| 15080 | intervals if <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 15081 | = 0.0) can be assigned. The surface geostrophic wind is assigned by <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 15082 | |
|---|
| 15083 | |
|---|
| 15084 | |
|---|
| 15085 | |
|---|
| 15086 | |
|---|
| 15087 | |
|---|
| 15088 | <br> |
|---|
| 15089 | |
|---|
| 15090 | |
|---|
| 15091 | |
|---|
| 15092 | |
|---|
| 15093 | |
|---|
| 15094 | |
|---|
| 15095 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 15096 | |
|---|
| 15097 | |
|---|
| 15098 | |
|---|
| 15099 | |
|---|
| 15100 | |
|---|
| 15101 | |
|---|
| 15102 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
|---|
| 15103 | the profile is constructed like described above, but starting from the |
|---|
| 15104 | sea surface (k=nzt) down to the bottom boundary of the model. Height |
|---|
| 15105 | levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.<br> |
|---|
| 15106 | |
|---|
| 15107 | |
|---|
| 15108 | |
|---|
| 15109 | |
|---|
| 15110 | |
|---|
| 15111 | |
|---|
| 15112 | </td> |
|---|
| 15113 | |
|---|
| 15114 | |
|---|
| 15115 | |
|---|
| 15116 | |
|---|
| 15117 | |
|---|
| 15118 | |
|---|
| 15119 | |
|---|
| 15120 | </tr> |
|---|
| 15121 | |
|---|
| 15122 | |
|---|
| 15123 | |
|---|
| 15124 | |
|---|
| 15125 | |
|---|
| 15126 | |
|---|
| 15127 | <tr> |
|---|
| 15128 | |
|---|
| 15129 | |
|---|
| 15130 | |
|---|
| 15131 | |
|---|
| 15132 | |
|---|
| 15133 | |
|---|
| 15134 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15135 | |
|---|
| 15136 | |
|---|
| 15137 | |
|---|
| 15138 | |
|---|
| 15139 | |
|---|
| 15140 | |
|---|
| 15141 | <p><a name="ug_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient_level</span></p> |
|---|
| 15142 | |
|---|
| 15143 | |
|---|
| 15144 | |
|---|
| 15145 | |
|---|
| 15146 | |
|---|
| 15147 | |
|---|
| 15148 | |
|---|
| 15149 | </td> |
|---|
| 15150 | |
|---|
| 15151 | |
|---|
| 15152 | |
|---|
| 15153 | |
|---|
| 15154 | |
|---|
| 15155 | |
|---|
| 15156 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br> |
|---|
| 15157 | |
|---|
| 15158 | |
|---|
| 15159 | |
|---|
| 15160 | |
|---|
| 15161 | |
|---|
| 15162 | |
|---|
| 15163 | |
|---|
| 15164 | </td> |
|---|
| 15165 | |
|---|
| 15166 | |
|---|
| 15167 | |
|---|
| 15168 | |
|---|
| 15169 | |
|---|
| 15170 | |
|---|
| 15171 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 |
|---|
| 15172 | * 0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 15173 | |
|---|
| 15174 | |
|---|
| 15175 | |
|---|
| 15176 | |
|---|
| 15177 | |
|---|
| 15178 | |
|---|
| 15179 | </td> |
|---|
| 15180 | |
|---|
| 15181 | |
|---|
| 15182 | |
|---|
| 15183 | |
|---|
| 15184 | |
|---|
| 15185 | |
|---|
| 15186 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the |
|---|
| 15187 | gradient defined by <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 15188 | is effective (in m).<br> |
|---|
| 15189 | |
|---|
| 15190 | |
|---|
| 15191 | |
|---|
| 15192 | |
|---|
| 15193 | |
|---|
| 15194 | |
|---|
| 15195 | <br> |
|---|
| 15196 | |
|---|
| 15197 | |
|---|
| 15198 | |
|---|
| 15199 | |
|---|
| 15200 | |
|---|
| 15201 | |
|---|
| 15202 | |
|---|
| 15203 | The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. For the |
|---|
| 15204 | piecewise construction of a profile of the u-component of the |
|---|
| 15205 | geostrophic wind component (ug) see <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 15206 | |
|---|
| 15207 | |
|---|
| 15208 | |
|---|
| 15209 | |
|---|
| 15210 | |
|---|
| 15211 | |
|---|
| 15212 | <br> |
|---|
| 15213 | |
|---|
| 15214 | |
|---|
| 15215 | |
|---|
| 15216 | |
|---|
| 15217 | |
|---|
| 15218 | |
|---|
| 15219 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 15220 | |
|---|
| 15221 | |
|---|
| 15222 | |
|---|
| 15223 | |
|---|
| 15224 | |
|---|
| 15225 | |
|---|
| 15226 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order.</td> |
|---|
| 15227 | |
|---|
| 15228 | |
|---|
| 15229 | |
|---|
| 15230 | |
|---|
| 15231 | |
|---|
| 15232 | |
|---|
| 15233 | </tr> |
|---|
| 15234 | |
|---|
| 15235 | |
|---|
| 15236 | |
|---|
| 15237 | |
|---|
| 15238 | |
|---|
| 15239 | |
|---|
| 15240 | <tr> |
|---|
| 15241 | |
|---|
| 15242 | |
|---|
| 15243 | |
|---|
| 15244 | |
|---|
| 15245 | |
|---|
| 15246 | |
|---|
| 15247 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15248 | |
|---|
| 15249 | |
|---|
| 15250 | |
|---|
| 15251 | |
|---|
| 15252 | |
|---|
| 15253 | |
|---|
| 15254 | <p><a name="ups_limit_e"></a><b>ups_limit_e</b></p> |
|---|
| 15255 | |
|---|
| 15256 | |
|---|
| 15257 | |
|---|
| 15258 | |
|---|
| 15259 | |
|---|
| 15260 | |
|---|
| 15261 | |
|---|
| 15262 | </td> |
|---|
| 15263 | |
|---|
| 15264 | |
|---|
| 15265 | |
|---|
| 15266 | |
|---|
| 15267 | |
|---|
| 15268 | |
|---|
| 15269 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 15270 | |
|---|
| 15271 | |
|---|
| 15272 | |
|---|
| 15273 | |
|---|
| 15274 | |
|---|
| 15275 | |
|---|
| 15276 | |
|---|
| 15277 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 15278 | |
|---|
| 15279 | |
|---|
| 15280 | |
|---|
| 15281 | |
|---|
| 15282 | |
|---|
| 15283 | |
|---|
| 15284 | |
|---|
| 15285 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15286 | |
|---|
| 15287 | |
|---|
| 15288 | |
|---|
| 15289 | |
|---|
| 15290 | |
|---|
| 15291 | |
|---|
| 15292 | <p>Subgrid-scale |
|---|
| 15293 | turbulent kinetic energy difference used as |
|---|
| 15294 | criterion for applying the upstream scheme when upstream-spline |
|---|
| 15295 | advection is switched on (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>). |
|---|
| 15296 | </p> |
|---|
| 15297 | |
|---|
| 15298 | |
|---|
| 15299 | |
|---|
| 15300 | |
|---|
| 15301 | |
|---|
| 15302 | |
|---|
| 15303 | |
|---|
| 15304 | |
|---|
| 15305 | |
|---|
| 15306 | |
|---|
| 15307 | |
|---|
| 15308 | |
|---|
| 15309 | |
|---|
| 15310 | <p>This variable steers the appropriate |
|---|
| 15311 | treatment of the |
|---|
| 15312 | advection of the subgrid-scale turbulent kinetic energy in case that |
|---|
| 15313 | the uptream-spline scheme is used . For further information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>. </p> |
|---|
| 15314 | |
|---|
| 15315 | |
|---|
| 15316 | |
|---|
| 15317 | |
|---|
| 15318 | |
|---|
| 15319 | |
|---|
| 15320 | |
|---|
| 15321 | |
|---|
| 15322 | |
|---|
| 15323 | |
|---|
| 15324 | |
|---|
| 15325 | |
|---|
| 15326 | |
|---|
| 15327 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>ups_limit_e</b>. |
|---|
| 15328 | </p> |
|---|
| 15329 | |
|---|
| 15330 | |
|---|
| 15331 | |
|---|
| 15332 | |
|---|
| 15333 | |
|---|
| 15334 | |
|---|
| 15335 | </td> |
|---|
| 15336 | |
|---|
| 15337 | |
|---|
| 15338 | |
|---|
| 15339 | |
|---|
| 15340 | |
|---|
| 15341 | |
|---|
| 15342 | </tr> |
|---|
| 15343 | |
|---|
| 15344 | |
|---|
| 15345 | |
|---|
| 15346 | |
|---|
| 15347 | |
|---|
| 15348 | |
|---|
| 15349 | <tr> |
|---|
| 15350 | |
|---|
| 15351 | |
|---|
| 15352 | |
|---|
| 15353 | |
|---|
| 15354 | |
|---|
| 15355 | |
|---|
| 15356 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15357 | |
|---|
| 15358 | |
|---|
| 15359 | |
|---|
| 15360 | |
|---|
| 15361 | |
|---|
| 15362 | |
|---|
| 15363 | <p><a name="ups_limit_pt"></a><b>ups_limit_pt</b></p> |
|---|
| 15364 | |
|---|
| 15365 | |
|---|
| 15366 | |
|---|
| 15367 | |
|---|
| 15368 | |
|---|
| 15369 | |
|---|
| 15370 | |
|---|
| 15371 | </td> |
|---|
| 15372 | |
|---|
| 15373 | |
|---|
| 15374 | |
|---|
| 15375 | |
|---|
| 15376 | |
|---|
| 15377 | |
|---|
| 15378 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 15379 | |
|---|
| 15380 | |
|---|
| 15381 | |
|---|
| 15382 | |
|---|
| 15383 | |
|---|
| 15384 | |
|---|
| 15385 | |
|---|
| 15386 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 15387 | |
|---|
| 15388 | |
|---|
| 15389 | |
|---|
| 15390 | |
|---|
| 15391 | |
|---|
| 15392 | |
|---|
| 15393 | |
|---|
| 15394 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15395 | |
|---|
| 15396 | |
|---|
| 15397 | |
|---|
| 15398 | |
|---|
| 15399 | |
|---|
| 15400 | |
|---|
| 15401 | <p>Temperature |
|---|
| 15402 | difference used as criterion for applying |
|---|
| 15403 | the upstream scheme when upstream-spline advection is |
|---|
| 15404 | switched on |
|---|
| 15405 | (in K). </p> |
|---|
| 15406 | |
|---|
| 15407 | |
|---|
| 15408 | |
|---|
| 15409 | |
|---|
| 15410 | |
|---|
| 15411 | |
|---|
| 15412 | |
|---|
| 15413 | |
|---|
| 15414 | |
|---|
| 15415 | |
|---|
| 15416 | |
|---|
| 15417 | |
|---|
| 15418 | |
|---|
| 15419 | <p>This criterion is used if the |
|---|
| 15420 | upstream-spline scheme is |
|---|
| 15421 | switched on (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 15422 | |
|---|
| 15423 | |
|---|
| 15424 | |
|---|
| 15425 | |
|---|
| 15426 | |
|---|
| 15427 | |
|---|
| 15428 | |
|---|
| 15429 | If, for a given gridpoint, the absolute temperature difference with |
|---|
| 15430 | respect to the upstream |
|---|
| 15431 | grid point is smaller than the value given for <b>ups_limit_pt</b>, |
|---|
| 15432 | the upstream scheme is used for this gridpoint (by default, the |
|---|
| 15433 | upstream-spline scheme is always used). Reason: in case of a very small |
|---|
| 15434 | upstream gradient, the advection should cause only a very small |
|---|
| 15435 | tendency. However, in such situations the upstream-spline scheme may |
|---|
| 15436 | give wrong tendencies at a |
|---|
| 15437 | grid point due to spline overshooting, if simultaneously the downstream |
|---|
| 15438 | gradient is very large. In such cases it may be more reasonable to use |
|---|
| 15439 | the upstream scheme. The numerical diffusion caused by the upstream |
|---|
| 15440 | schme remains small as long as the upstream gradients are small.<br> |
|---|
| 15441 | |
|---|
| 15442 | |
|---|
| 15443 | |
|---|
| 15444 | |
|---|
| 15445 | |
|---|
| 15446 | |
|---|
| 15447 | |
|---|
| 15448 | </p> |
|---|
| 15449 | |
|---|
| 15450 | |
|---|
| 15451 | |
|---|
| 15452 | |
|---|
| 15453 | |
|---|
| 15454 | |
|---|
| 15455 | |
|---|
| 15456 | |
|---|
| 15457 | |
|---|
| 15458 | |
|---|
| 15459 | |
|---|
| 15460 | |
|---|
| 15461 | |
|---|
| 15462 | <p>The percentage of grid points for which the |
|---|
| 15463 | upstream |
|---|
| 15464 | scheme is actually used, can be output as a time series with respect to |
|---|
| 15465 | the |
|---|
| 15466 | three directions in space with run parameter (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dots">dt_dots</a>, the |
|---|
| 15467 | timeseries names in the NetCDF file are <i>'splptx'</i>, <i>'splpty'</i>, |
|---|
| 15468 | <i>'splptz'</i>). The percentage |
|---|
| 15469 | of gridpoints should stay below a certain limit, however, it |
|---|
| 15470 | is |
|---|
| 15471 | not possible to give |
|---|
| 15472 | a general limit, since it depends on the respective flow. </p> |
|---|
| 15473 | |
|---|
| 15474 | |
|---|
| 15475 | |
|---|
| 15476 | |
|---|
| 15477 | |
|---|
| 15478 | |
|---|
| 15479 | |
|---|
| 15480 | |
|---|
| 15481 | |
|---|
| 15482 | |
|---|
| 15483 | |
|---|
| 15484 | |
|---|
| 15485 | |
|---|
| 15486 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_pt</b>.<br> |
|---|
| 15487 | |
|---|
| 15488 | |
|---|
| 15489 | |
|---|
| 15490 | |
|---|
| 15491 | |
|---|
| 15492 | |
|---|
| 15493 | |
|---|
| 15494 | </p> |
|---|
| 15495 | |
|---|
| 15496 | |
|---|
| 15497 | |
|---|
| 15498 | |
|---|
| 15499 | |
|---|
| 15500 | |
|---|
| 15501 | |
|---|
| 15502 | A more effective control of |
|---|
| 15503 | the “overshoots” can be achieved with parameter <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>. |
|---|
| 15504 | </td> |
|---|
| 15505 | |
|---|
| 15506 | |
|---|
| 15507 | |
|---|
| 15508 | |
|---|
| 15509 | |
|---|
| 15510 | |
|---|
| 15511 | </tr> |
|---|
| 15512 | |
|---|
| 15513 | |
|---|
| 15514 | |
|---|
| 15515 | |
|---|
| 15516 | |
|---|
| 15517 | |
|---|
| 15518 | <tr> |
|---|
| 15519 | |
|---|
| 15520 | |
|---|
| 15521 | |
|---|
| 15522 | |
|---|
| 15523 | |
|---|
| 15524 | |
|---|
| 15525 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15526 | |
|---|
| 15527 | |
|---|
| 15528 | |
|---|
| 15529 | |
|---|
| 15530 | |
|---|
| 15531 | |
|---|
| 15532 | <p><a name="ups_limit_u"></a><b>ups_limit_u</b></p> |
|---|
| 15533 | |
|---|
| 15534 | |
|---|
| 15535 | |
|---|
| 15536 | |
|---|
| 15537 | |
|---|
| 15538 | |
|---|
| 15539 | |
|---|
| 15540 | </td> |
|---|
| 15541 | |
|---|
| 15542 | |
|---|
| 15543 | |
|---|
| 15544 | |
|---|
| 15545 | |
|---|
| 15546 | |
|---|
| 15547 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 15548 | |
|---|
| 15549 | |
|---|
| 15550 | |
|---|
| 15551 | |
|---|
| 15552 | |
|---|
| 15553 | |
|---|
| 15554 | |
|---|
| 15555 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 15556 | |
|---|
| 15557 | |
|---|
| 15558 | |
|---|
| 15559 | |
|---|
| 15560 | |
|---|
| 15561 | |
|---|
| 15562 | |
|---|
| 15563 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15564 | |
|---|
| 15565 | |
|---|
| 15566 | |
|---|
| 15567 | |
|---|
| 15568 | |
|---|
| 15569 | |
|---|
| 15570 | <p>Velocity |
|---|
| 15571 | difference (u-component) used as criterion for |
|---|
| 15572 | applying the upstream scheme |
|---|
| 15573 | when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 15574 | |
|---|
| 15575 | |
|---|
| 15576 | |
|---|
| 15577 | |
|---|
| 15578 | |
|---|
| 15579 | |
|---|
| 15580 | |
|---|
| 15581 | |
|---|
| 15582 | |
|---|
| 15583 | |
|---|
| 15584 | |
|---|
| 15585 | |
|---|
| 15586 | |
|---|
| 15587 | <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the |
|---|
| 15588 | advection of the u-velocity-component in case that the upstream-spline |
|---|
| 15589 | scheme is used. For further |
|---|
| 15590 | information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>. |
|---|
| 15591 | </p> |
|---|
| 15592 | |
|---|
| 15593 | |
|---|
| 15594 | |
|---|
| 15595 | |
|---|
| 15596 | |
|---|
| 15597 | |
|---|
| 15598 | |
|---|
| 15599 | |
|---|
| 15600 | |
|---|
| 15601 | |
|---|
| 15602 | |
|---|
| 15603 | |
|---|
| 15604 | |
|---|
| 15605 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_u</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 15606 | |
|---|
| 15607 | |
|---|
| 15608 | |
|---|
| 15609 | |
|---|
| 15610 | |
|---|
| 15611 | |
|---|
| 15612 | |
|---|
| 15613 | </td> |
|---|
| 15614 | |
|---|
| 15615 | |
|---|
| 15616 | |
|---|
| 15617 | |
|---|
| 15618 | |
|---|
| 15619 | |
|---|
| 15620 | </tr> |
|---|
| 15621 | |
|---|
| 15622 | |
|---|
| 15623 | |
|---|
| 15624 | |
|---|
| 15625 | |
|---|
| 15626 | |
|---|
| 15627 | <tr> |
|---|
| 15628 | |
|---|
| 15629 | |
|---|
| 15630 | |
|---|
| 15631 | |
|---|
| 15632 | |
|---|
| 15633 | |
|---|
| 15634 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15635 | |
|---|
| 15636 | |
|---|
| 15637 | |
|---|
| 15638 | |
|---|
| 15639 | |
|---|
| 15640 | |
|---|
| 15641 | <p><a name="ups_limit_v"></a><b>ups_limit_v</b></p> |
|---|
| 15642 | |
|---|
| 15643 | |
|---|
| 15644 | |
|---|
| 15645 | |
|---|
| 15646 | |
|---|
| 15647 | |
|---|
| 15648 | |
|---|
| 15649 | </td> |
|---|
| 15650 | |
|---|
| 15651 | |
|---|
| 15652 | |
|---|
| 15653 | |
|---|
| 15654 | |
|---|
| 15655 | |
|---|
| 15656 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 15657 | |
|---|
| 15658 | |
|---|
| 15659 | |
|---|
| 15660 | |
|---|
| 15661 | |
|---|
| 15662 | |
|---|
| 15663 | |
|---|
| 15664 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 15665 | |
|---|
| 15666 | |
|---|
| 15667 | |
|---|
| 15668 | |
|---|
| 15669 | |
|---|
| 15670 | |
|---|
| 15671 | |
|---|
| 15672 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15673 | |
|---|
| 15674 | |
|---|
| 15675 | |
|---|
| 15676 | |
|---|
| 15677 | |
|---|
| 15678 | |
|---|
| 15679 | <p>Velocity |
|---|
| 15680 | difference (v-component) used as criterion for |
|---|
| 15681 | applying the upstream scheme |
|---|
| 15682 | when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 15683 | |
|---|
| 15684 | |
|---|
| 15685 | |
|---|
| 15686 | |
|---|
| 15687 | |
|---|
| 15688 | |
|---|
| 15689 | |
|---|
| 15690 | |
|---|
| 15691 | |
|---|
| 15692 | |
|---|
| 15693 | |
|---|
| 15694 | |
|---|
| 15695 | |
|---|
| 15696 | <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the |
|---|
| 15697 | advection of the v-velocity-component in case that the upstream-spline |
|---|
| 15698 | scheme is used. For further |
|---|
| 15699 | information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>. |
|---|
| 15700 | </p> |
|---|
| 15701 | |
|---|
| 15702 | |
|---|
| 15703 | |
|---|
| 15704 | |
|---|
| 15705 | |
|---|
| 15706 | |
|---|
| 15707 | |
|---|
| 15708 | |
|---|
| 15709 | |
|---|
| 15710 | |
|---|
| 15711 | |
|---|
| 15712 | |
|---|
| 15713 | |
|---|
| 15714 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_v</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 15715 | |
|---|
| 15716 | |
|---|
| 15717 | |
|---|
| 15718 | |
|---|
| 15719 | |
|---|
| 15720 | |
|---|
| 15721 | |
|---|
| 15722 | </td> |
|---|
| 15723 | |
|---|
| 15724 | |
|---|
| 15725 | |
|---|
| 15726 | |
|---|
| 15727 | |
|---|
| 15728 | |
|---|
| 15729 | </tr> |
|---|
| 15730 | |
|---|
| 15731 | |
|---|
| 15732 | |
|---|
| 15733 | |
|---|
| 15734 | |
|---|
| 15735 | |
|---|
| 15736 | <tr> |
|---|
| 15737 | |
|---|
| 15738 | |
|---|
| 15739 | |
|---|
| 15740 | |
|---|
| 15741 | |
|---|
| 15742 | |
|---|
| 15743 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15744 | |
|---|
| 15745 | |
|---|
| 15746 | |
|---|
| 15747 | |
|---|
| 15748 | |
|---|
| 15749 | |
|---|
| 15750 | <p><a name="ups_limit_w"></a><b>ups_limit_w</b></p> |
|---|
| 15751 | |
|---|
| 15752 | |
|---|
| 15753 | |
|---|
| 15754 | |
|---|
| 15755 | |
|---|
| 15756 | |
|---|
| 15757 | |
|---|
| 15758 | </td> |
|---|
| 15759 | |
|---|
| 15760 | |
|---|
| 15761 | |
|---|
| 15762 | |
|---|
| 15763 | |
|---|
| 15764 | |
|---|
| 15765 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
|---|
| 15766 | |
|---|
| 15767 | |
|---|
| 15768 | |
|---|
| 15769 | |
|---|
| 15770 | |
|---|
| 15771 | |
|---|
| 15772 | |
|---|
| 15773 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
|---|
| 15774 | |
|---|
| 15775 | |
|---|
| 15776 | |
|---|
| 15777 | |
|---|
| 15778 | |
|---|
| 15779 | |
|---|
| 15780 | |
|---|
| 15781 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15782 | |
|---|
| 15783 | |
|---|
| 15784 | |
|---|
| 15785 | |
|---|
| 15786 | |
|---|
| 15787 | |
|---|
| 15788 | <p>Velocity |
|---|
| 15789 | difference (w-component) used as criterion for |
|---|
| 15790 | applying the upstream scheme |
|---|
| 15791 | when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s). </p> |
|---|
| 15792 | |
|---|
| 15793 | |
|---|
| 15794 | |
|---|
| 15795 | |
|---|
| 15796 | |
|---|
| 15797 | |
|---|
| 15798 | |
|---|
| 15799 | |
|---|
| 15800 | |
|---|
| 15801 | |
|---|
| 15802 | |
|---|
| 15803 | |
|---|
| 15804 | |
|---|
| 15805 | <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the |
|---|
| 15806 | advection of the w-velocity-component in case that the upstream-spline |
|---|
| 15807 | scheme is used. For further |
|---|
| 15808 | information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>. |
|---|
| 15809 | </p> |
|---|
| 15810 | |
|---|
| 15811 | |
|---|
| 15812 | |
|---|
| 15813 | |
|---|
| 15814 | |
|---|
| 15815 | |
|---|
| 15816 | |
|---|
| 15817 | |
|---|
| 15818 | |
|---|
| 15819 | |
|---|
| 15820 | |
|---|
| 15821 | |
|---|
| 15822 | |
|---|
| 15823 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_w</b>.</p> |
|---|
| 15824 | |
|---|
| 15825 | |
|---|
| 15826 | |
|---|
| 15827 | |
|---|
| 15828 | |
|---|
| 15829 | |
|---|
| 15830 | |
|---|
| 15831 | </td> |
|---|
| 15832 | |
|---|
| 15833 | |
|---|
| 15834 | |
|---|
| 15835 | |
|---|
| 15836 | |
|---|
| 15837 | |
|---|
| 15838 | </tr> |
|---|
| 15839 | |
|---|
| 15840 | |
|---|
| 15841 | |
|---|
| 15842 | |
|---|
| 15843 | |
|---|
| 15844 | |
|---|
| 15845 | <tr> |
|---|
| 15846 | |
|---|
| 15847 | |
|---|
| 15848 | |
|---|
| 15849 | |
|---|
| 15850 | |
|---|
| 15851 | |
|---|
| 15852 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15853 | |
|---|
| 15854 | |
|---|
| 15855 | |
|---|
| 15856 | |
|---|
| 15857 | |
|---|
| 15858 | |
|---|
| 15859 | <p><a name="use_surface_fluxes"></a><b>use_surface_fluxes</b></p> |
|---|
| 15860 | |
|---|
| 15861 | |
|---|
| 15862 | |
|---|
| 15863 | |
|---|
| 15864 | |
|---|
| 15865 | |
|---|
| 15866 | |
|---|
| 15867 | </td> |
|---|
| 15868 | |
|---|
| 15869 | |
|---|
| 15870 | |
|---|
| 15871 | |
|---|
| 15872 | |
|---|
| 15873 | |
|---|
| 15874 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 15875 | |
|---|
| 15876 | |
|---|
| 15877 | |
|---|
| 15878 | |
|---|
| 15879 | |
|---|
| 15880 | |
|---|
| 15881 | |
|---|
| 15882 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
|---|
| 15883 | |
|---|
| 15884 | |
|---|
| 15885 | |
|---|
| 15886 | |
|---|
| 15887 | |
|---|
| 15888 | |
|---|
| 15889 | |
|---|
| 15890 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 15891 | |
|---|
| 15892 | |
|---|
| 15893 | |
|---|
| 15894 | |
|---|
| 15895 | |
|---|
| 15896 | |
|---|
| 15897 | <p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 15898 | steer the treatment of the subgrid-scale vertical |
|---|
| 15899 | fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=1 (bottom boundary).<br> |
|---|
| 15900 | |
|---|
| 15901 | |
|---|
| 15902 | |
|---|
| 15903 | |
|---|
| 15904 | |
|---|
| 15905 | |
|---|
| 15906 | </p> |
|---|
| 15907 | |
|---|
| 15908 | |
|---|
| 15909 | |
|---|
| 15910 | |
|---|
| 15911 | |
|---|
| 15912 | |
|---|
| 15913 | |
|---|
| 15914 | |
|---|
| 15915 | |
|---|
| 15916 | |
|---|
| 15917 | |
|---|
| 15918 | |
|---|
| 15919 | |
|---|
| 15920 | <p>By default, the near-surface subgrid-scale fluxes are |
|---|
| 15921 | parameterized (like in the remaining model domain) using the gradient |
|---|
| 15922 | approach. If <b>use_surface_fluxes</b> |
|---|
| 15923 | = <i>.TRUE.</i>, the user-assigned surface fluxes are used |
|---|
| 15924 | instead |
|---|
| 15925 | (see <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>, |
|---|
| 15926 | <a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a> |
|---|
| 15927 | and <a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>) |
|---|
| 15928 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">or</span> the |
|---|
| 15929 | surface fluxes are |
|---|
| 15930 | calculated via the Prandtl layer relation (depends on the bottom |
|---|
| 15931 | boundary conditions, see <a href="#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a>, |
|---|
| 15932 | <a href="#bc_q_b">bc_q_b</a> |
|---|
| 15933 | and <a href="#bc_s_b">bc_s_b</a>).<br> |
|---|
| 15934 | |
|---|
| 15935 | |
|---|
| 15936 | |
|---|
| 15937 | |
|---|
| 15938 | |
|---|
| 15939 | |
|---|
| 15940 | </p> |
|---|
| 15941 | |
|---|
| 15942 | |
|---|
| 15943 | |
|---|
| 15944 | |
|---|
| 15945 | |
|---|
| 15946 | |
|---|
| 15947 | |
|---|
| 15948 | |
|---|
| 15949 | |
|---|
| 15950 | |
|---|
| 15951 | |
|---|
| 15952 | |
|---|
| 15953 | |
|---|
| 15954 | <p><b>use_surface_fluxes</b> |
|---|
| 15955 | is automatically set <i>.TRUE.</i>, if a Prandtl layer is |
|---|
| 15956 | used (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>). |
|---|
| 15957 | </p> |
|---|
| 15958 | |
|---|
| 15959 | |
|---|
| 15960 | |
|---|
| 15961 | |
|---|
| 15962 | |
|---|
| 15963 | |
|---|
| 15964 | |
|---|
| 15965 | |
|---|
| 15966 | |
|---|
| 15967 | |
|---|
| 15968 | |
|---|
| 15969 | |
|---|
| 15970 | |
|---|
| 15971 | <p>The user may prescribe the surface fluxes at the |
|---|
| 15972 | bottom |
|---|
| 15973 | boundary without using a Prandtl layer by setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_surface_fluxes</span> = |
|---|
| 15974 | <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">prandtl_layer</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>. If , in this |
|---|
| 15975 | case, the |
|---|
| 15976 | momentum flux (u<sub>*</sub><sup>2</sup>) |
|---|
| 15977 | should also be prescribed, |
|---|
| 15978 | the user must assign an appropriate value within the user-defined code.</p> |
|---|
| 15979 | |
|---|
| 15980 | |
|---|
| 15981 | |
|---|
| 15982 | |
|---|
| 15983 | |
|---|
| 15984 | |
|---|
| 15985 | |
|---|
| 15986 | </td> |
|---|
| 15987 | |
|---|
| 15988 | |
|---|
| 15989 | |
|---|
| 15990 | |
|---|
| 15991 | |
|---|
| 15992 | |
|---|
| 15993 | </tr> |
|---|
| 15994 | |
|---|
| 15995 | |
|---|
| 15996 | |
|---|
| 15997 | |
|---|
| 15998 | |
|---|
| 15999 | |
|---|
| 16000 | <tr> |
|---|
| 16001 | |
|---|
| 16002 | |
|---|
| 16003 | |
|---|
| 16004 | |
|---|
| 16005 | |
|---|
| 16006 | |
|---|
| 16007 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="use_top_fluxes"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_top_fluxes</span></td> |
|---|
| 16008 | |
|---|
| 16009 | |
|---|
| 16010 | |
|---|
| 16011 | |
|---|
| 16012 | |
|---|
| 16013 | |
|---|
| 16014 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 16015 | |
|---|
| 16016 | |
|---|
| 16017 | |
|---|
| 16018 | |
|---|
| 16019 | |
|---|
| 16020 | |
|---|
| 16021 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 16022 | |
|---|
| 16023 | |
|---|
| 16024 | |
|---|
| 16025 | |
|---|
| 16026 | |
|---|
| 16027 | |
|---|
| 16028 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 16029 | |
|---|
| 16030 | |
|---|
| 16031 | |
|---|
| 16032 | |
|---|
| 16033 | |
|---|
| 16034 | |
|---|
| 16035 | <p>Parameter to steer |
|---|
| 16036 | the treatment of the subgrid-scale vertical |
|---|
| 16037 | fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=nz (top boundary).</p> |
|---|
| 16038 | |
|---|
| 16039 | |
|---|
| 16040 | |
|---|
| 16041 | |
|---|
| 16042 | |
|---|
| 16043 | |
|---|
| 16044 | |
|---|
| 16045 | |
|---|
| 16046 | |
|---|
| 16047 | |
|---|
| 16048 | |
|---|
| 16049 | |
|---|
| 16050 | <p>By |
|---|
| 16051 | default, the fluxes at nz are calculated using the gradient approach. |
|---|
| 16052 | If <b>use_top_fluxes</b> |
|---|
| 16053 | = <i>.TRUE.</i>, the user-assigned top fluxes are used |
|---|
| 16054 | instead |
|---|
| 16055 | (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>, <a href="#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a>, <a href="#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a>, <a href="#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>).</p> |
|---|
| 16056 | |
|---|
| 16057 | |
|---|
| 16058 | |
|---|
| 16059 | |
|---|
| 16060 | |
|---|
| 16061 | |
|---|
| 16062 | |
|---|
| 16063 | |
|---|
| 16064 | |
|---|
| 16065 | |
|---|
| 16066 | |
|---|
| 16067 | |
|---|
| 16068 | <p>Currently, no value for the latent heatflux can be assigned. In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_top_fluxes</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>, the latent |
|---|
| 16069 | heat flux at the top will be automatically set to zero.</p> |
|---|
| 16070 | |
|---|
| 16071 | |
|---|
| 16072 | |
|---|
| 16073 | |
|---|
| 16074 | |
|---|
| 16075 | |
|---|
| 16076 | </td> |
|---|
| 16077 | |
|---|
| 16078 | |
|---|
| 16079 | |
|---|
| 16080 | |
|---|
| 16081 | |
|---|
| 16082 | |
|---|
| 16083 | </tr> |
|---|
| 16084 | |
|---|
| 16085 | |
|---|
| 16086 | |
|---|
| 16087 | |
|---|
| 16088 | |
|---|
| 16089 | |
|---|
| 16090 | <tr> |
|---|
| 16091 | |
|---|
| 16092 | |
|---|
| 16093 | |
|---|
| 16094 | |
|---|
| 16095 | |
|---|
| 16096 | |
|---|
| 16097 | |
|---|
| 16098 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 16099 | |
|---|
| 16100 | |
|---|
| 16101 | |
|---|
| 16102 | |
|---|
| 16103 | |
|---|
| 16104 | |
|---|
| 16105 | <p><a name="use_ug_for_galilei_tr"></a><b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b></p> |
|---|
| 16106 | |
|---|
| 16107 | |
|---|
| 16108 | |
|---|
| 16109 | |
|---|
| 16110 | |
|---|
| 16111 | |
|---|
| 16112 | |
|---|
| 16113 | </td> |
|---|
| 16114 | |
|---|
| 16115 | |
|---|
| 16116 | |
|---|
| 16117 | |
|---|
| 16118 | |
|---|
| 16119 | |
|---|
| 16120 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 16121 | |
|---|
| 16122 | |
|---|
| 16123 | |
|---|
| 16124 | |
|---|
| 16125 | |
|---|
| 16126 | |
|---|
| 16127 | |
|---|
| 16128 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td> |
|---|
| 16129 | |
|---|
| 16130 | |
|---|
| 16131 | |
|---|
| 16132 | |
|---|
| 16133 | |
|---|
| 16134 | |
|---|
| 16135 | |
|---|
| 16136 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 16137 | |
|---|
| 16138 | |
|---|
| 16139 | |
|---|
| 16140 | |
|---|
| 16141 | |
|---|
| 16142 | |
|---|
| 16143 | <p>Switch to |
|---|
| 16144 | determine the translation velocity in case that a |
|---|
| 16145 | Galilean transformation is used.<br> |
|---|
| 16146 | |
|---|
| 16147 | |
|---|
| 16148 | |
|---|
| 16149 | |
|---|
| 16150 | |
|---|
| 16151 | |
|---|
| 16152 | </p> |
|---|
| 16153 | |
|---|
| 16154 | |
|---|
| 16155 | |
|---|
| 16156 | |
|---|
| 16157 | |
|---|
| 16158 | |
|---|
| 16159 | |
|---|
| 16160 | |
|---|
| 16161 | |
|---|
| 16162 | |
|---|
| 16163 | |
|---|
| 16164 | |
|---|
| 16165 | |
|---|
| 16166 | <p>In |
|---|
| 16167 | case of a Galilean transformation (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
|---|
| 16168 | <b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b> |
|---|
| 16169 | = <i>.T.</i> ensures |
|---|
| 16170 | that the coordinate system is translated with the geostrophic windspeed.<br> |
|---|
| 16171 | |
|---|
| 16172 | |
|---|
| 16173 | |
|---|
| 16174 | |
|---|
| 16175 | |
|---|
| 16176 | |
|---|
| 16177 | |
|---|
| 16178 | </p> |
|---|
| 16179 | |
|---|
| 16180 | |
|---|
| 16181 | |
|---|
| 16182 | |
|---|
| 16183 | |
|---|
| 16184 | |
|---|
| 16185 | |
|---|
| 16186 | |
|---|
| 16187 | |
|---|
| 16188 | |
|---|
| 16189 | |
|---|
| 16190 | |
|---|
| 16191 | |
|---|
| 16192 | <p>Alternatively, with <b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b> |
|---|
| 16193 | = <i>.F</i>., |
|---|
| 16194 | the |
|---|
| 16195 | geostrophic wind can be replaced as translation speed by the (volume) |
|---|
| 16196 | averaged velocity. However, in this case the user must be aware of fast |
|---|
| 16197 | growing gravity waves, so this |
|---|
| 16198 | choice is usually not recommended!</p> |
|---|
| 16199 | |
|---|
| 16200 | |
|---|
| 16201 | |
|---|
| 16202 | |
|---|
| 16203 | |
|---|
| 16204 | |
|---|
| 16205 | </td> |
|---|
| 16206 | |
|---|
| 16207 | |
|---|
| 16208 | |
|---|
| 16209 | |
|---|
| 16210 | |
|---|
| 16211 | |
|---|
| 16212 | </tr> |
|---|
| 16213 | |
|---|
| 16214 | |
|---|
| 16215 | |
|---|
| 16216 | |
|---|
| 16217 | |
|---|
| 16218 | |
|---|
| 16219 | <tr> |
|---|
| 16220 | |
|---|
| 16221 | |
|---|
| 16222 | |
|---|
| 16223 | |
|---|
| 16224 | |
|---|
| 16225 | |
|---|
| 16226 | <td align="left" valign="top"><a name="use_upstream_for_tke"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_upstream_for_tke</span></td> |
|---|
| 16227 | |
|---|
| 16228 | |
|---|
| 16229 | |
|---|
| 16230 | |
|---|
| 16231 | |
|---|
| 16232 | |
|---|
| 16233 | <td align="left" valign="top">L</td> |
|---|
| 16234 | |
|---|
| 16235 | |
|---|
| 16236 | |
|---|
| 16237 | |
|---|
| 16238 | |
|---|
| 16239 | |
|---|
| 16240 | <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
|---|
| 16241 | |
|---|
| 16242 | |
|---|
| 16243 | |
|---|
| 16244 | |
|---|
| 16245 | |
|---|
| 16246 | |
|---|
| 16247 | <td align="left" valign="top">Parameter to choose the |
|---|
| 16248 | advection/timestep scheme to be used for the subgrid-scale TKE.<br> |
|---|
| 16249 | |
|---|
| 16250 | |
|---|
| 16251 | |
|---|
| 16252 | |
|---|
| 16253 | |
|---|
| 16254 | |
|---|
| 16255 | <br> |
|---|
| 16256 | |
|---|
| 16257 | |
|---|
| 16258 | |
|---|
| 16259 | |
|---|
| 16260 | |
|---|
| 16261 | |
|---|
| 16262 | By |
|---|
| 16263 | default, the advection scheme and the timestep scheme to be used for |
|---|
| 16264 | the subgrid-scale TKE are set by the initialization parameters <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> and <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>, |
|---|
| 16265 | respectively. <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_upstream_for_tke</span> |
|---|
| 16266 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> |
|---|
| 16267 | forces the Euler-scheme and the upstream-scheme to be used as timestep |
|---|
| 16268 | scheme and advection scheme, respectively. By these methods, the strong |
|---|
| 16269 | (artificial) near-surface vertical gradients of the subgrid-scale TKE |
|---|
| 16270 | are significantly reduced. This is required when subgrid-scale |
|---|
| 16271 | velocities are used for advection of particles (see particle package |
|---|
| 16272 | parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#use_sgs_for_particles">use_sgs_for_particles</a>).</td> |
|---|
| 16273 | |
|---|
| 16274 | |
|---|
| 16275 | |
|---|
| 16276 | |
|---|
| 16277 | |
|---|
| 16278 | |
|---|
| 16279 | </tr> |
|---|
| 16280 | |
|---|
| 16281 | |
|---|
| 16282 | |
|---|
| 16283 | |
|---|
| 16284 | |
|---|
| 16285 | |
|---|
| 16286 | <tr> |
|---|
| 16287 | |
|---|
| 16288 | |
|---|
| 16289 | |
|---|
| 16290 | |
|---|
| 16291 | |
|---|
| 16292 | |
|---|
| 16293 | |
|---|
| 16294 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 16295 | |
|---|
| 16296 | |
|---|
| 16297 | |
|---|
| 16298 | |
|---|
| 16299 | |
|---|
| 16300 | |
|---|
| 16301 | <p><a name="vg_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_surface</span></p> |
|---|
| 16302 | |
|---|
| 16303 | |
|---|
| 16304 | |
|---|
| 16305 | |
|---|
| 16306 | |
|---|
| 16307 | |
|---|
| 16308 | |
|---|
| 16309 | </td> |
|---|
| 16310 | |
|---|
| 16311 | |
|---|
| 16312 | |
|---|
| 16313 | |
|---|
| 16314 | |
|---|
| 16315 | |
|---|
| 16316 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
|---|
| 16317 | |
|---|
| 16318 | |
|---|
| 16319 | |
|---|
| 16320 | |
|---|
| 16321 | |
|---|
| 16322 | |
|---|
| 16323 | </td> |
|---|
| 16324 | |
|---|
| 16325 | |
|---|
| 16326 | |
|---|
| 16327 | |
|---|
| 16328 | |
|---|
| 16329 | |
|---|
| 16330 | |
|---|
| 16331 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 16332 | |
|---|
| 16333 | |
|---|
| 16334 | |
|---|
| 16335 | |
|---|
| 16336 | |
|---|
| 16337 | |
|---|
| 16338 | </td> |
|---|
| 16339 | |
|---|
| 16340 | |
|---|
| 16341 | |
|---|
| 16342 | |
|---|
| 16343 | |
|---|
| 16344 | |
|---|
| 16345 | |
|---|
| 16346 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the |
|---|
| 16347 | geostrophic |
|---|
| 16348 | wind at the surface (in m/s).<br> |
|---|
| 16349 | |
|---|
| 16350 | |
|---|
| 16351 | |
|---|
| 16352 | |
|---|
| 16353 | |
|---|
| 16354 | |
|---|
| 16355 | <br> |
|---|
| 16356 | |
|---|
| 16357 | |
|---|
| 16358 | |
|---|
| 16359 | |
|---|
| 16360 | |
|---|
| 16361 | |
|---|
| 16362 | |
|---|
| 16363 | This parameter assigns the value of the v-component of the geostrophic |
|---|
| 16364 | wind (vg) at the surface (k=0). Starting from this value, the initial |
|---|
| 16365 | vertical profile of the <br> |
|---|
| 16366 | |
|---|
| 16367 | |
|---|
| 16368 | |
|---|
| 16369 | |
|---|
| 16370 | |
|---|
| 16371 | |
|---|
| 16372 | |
|---|
| 16373 | v-component of the geostrophic wind is constructed with <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 16374 | and <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 16375 | The |
|---|
| 16376 | profile |
|---|
| 16377 | constructed in that way is used for creating the initial vertical |
|---|
| 16378 | velocity profile of the 3d-model. Either it is applied, as it has been |
|---|
| 16379 | specified by the user (<a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 16380 | = 'set_constant_profiles') |
|---|
| 16381 | or it is used for calculating a stationary boundary layer wind profile |
|---|
| 16382 | (<a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
|---|
| 16383 | = |
|---|
| 16384 | 'set_1d-model_profiles'). If vg is constant |
|---|
| 16385 | with height (i.e. vg(k)=<span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_surface</span>) |
|---|
| 16386 | and has a large value, it is |
|---|
| 16387 | recommended to use a Galilei-transformation of the coordinate system, |
|---|
| 16388 | if possible (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
|---|
| 16389 | in order to obtain larger |
|---|
| 16390 | time steps.<br> |
|---|
| 16391 | |
|---|
| 16392 | |
|---|
| 16393 | |
|---|
| 16394 | |
|---|
| 16395 | |
|---|
| 16396 | |
|---|
| 16397 | <br> |
|---|
| 16398 | |
|---|
| 16399 | |
|---|
| 16400 | |
|---|
| 16401 | |
|---|
| 16402 | |
|---|
| 16403 | |
|---|
| 16404 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 16405 | |
|---|
| 16406 | |
|---|
| 16407 | |
|---|
| 16408 | |
|---|
| 16409 | |
|---|
| 16410 | |
|---|
| 16411 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
|---|
| 16412 | this parameter gives the geostrophic velocity value (i.e. the pressure gradient) at the sea surface, which is |
|---|
| 16413 | at k=nzt. The profile is then constructed from the surface down to the |
|---|
| 16414 | bottom of the model.</td> |
|---|
| 16415 | |
|---|
| 16416 | |
|---|
| 16417 | |
|---|
| 16418 | |
|---|
| 16419 | |
|---|
| 16420 | |
|---|
| 16421 | </tr> |
|---|
| 16422 | |
|---|
| 16423 | |
|---|
| 16424 | |
|---|
| 16425 | |
|---|
| 16426 | |
|---|
| 16427 | |
|---|
| 16428 | <tr> |
|---|
| 16429 | |
|---|
| 16430 | |
|---|
| 16431 | |
|---|
| 16432 | |
|---|
| 16433 | |
|---|
| 16434 | |
|---|
| 16435 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 16436 | |
|---|
| 16437 | |
|---|
| 16438 | |
|---|
| 16439 | |
|---|
| 16440 | |
|---|
| 16441 | |
|---|
| 16442 | <p><a name="vg_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient</span></p> |
|---|
| 16443 | |
|---|
| 16444 | |
|---|
| 16445 | |
|---|
| 16446 | |
|---|
| 16447 | |
|---|
| 16448 | |
|---|
| 16449 | |
|---|
| 16450 | </td> |
|---|
| 16451 | |
|---|
| 16452 | |
|---|
| 16453 | |
|---|
| 16454 | |
|---|
| 16455 | |
|---|
| 16456 | |
|---|
| 16457 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br> |
|---|
| 16458 | |
|---|
| 16459 | |
|---|
| 16460 | |
|---|
| 16461 | |
|---|
| 16462 | |
|---|
| 16463 | |
|---|
| 16464 | |
|---|
| 16465 | </td> |
|---|
| 16466 | |
|---|
| 16467 | |
|---|
| 16468 | |
|---|
| 16469 | |
|---|
| 16470 | |
|---|
| 16471 | |
|---|
| 16472 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 |
|---|
| 16473 | * 0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 16474 | |
|---|
| 16475 | |
|---|
| 16476 | |
|---|
| 16477 | |
|---|
| 16478 | |
|---|
| 16479 | |
|---|
| 16480 | </td> |
|---|
| 16481 | |
|---|
| 16482 | |
|---|
| 16483 | |
|---|
| 16484 | |
|---|
| 16485 | |
|---|
| 16486 | |
|---|
| 16487 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the initial |
|---|
| 16488 | profile of the v-component of the geostrophic wind (in |
|---|
| 16489 | 1/100s).<br> |
|---|
| 16490 | |
|---|
| 16491 | |
|---|
| 16492 | |
|---|
| 16493 | |
|---|
| 16494 | |
|---|
| 16495 | |
|---|
| 16496 | <br> |
|---|
| 16497 | |
|---|
| 16498 | |
|---|
| 16499 | |
|---|
| 16500 | |
|---|
| 16501 | |
|---|
| 16502 | |
|---|
| 16503 | |
|---|
| 16504 | The gradient holds starting from the height level defined by <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
|---|
| 16505 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) |
|---|
| 16506 | > <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>, |
|---|
| 16507 | vg(k) is set: vg(k) = vg(k-1) + dzu(k) |
|---|
| 16508 | * <span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient</span>) |
|---|
| 16509 | up to |
|---|
| 16510 | the top boundary or up to the next height |
|---|
| 16511 | level defined by <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
|---|
| 16512 | A total of 10 different |
|---|
| 16513 | gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals if <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
|---|
| 16514 | = |
|---|
| 16515 | 0.0) can be assigned. The surface |
|---|
| 16516 | geostrophic wind is assigned by <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 16517 | |
|---|
| 16518 | |
|---|
| 16519 | |
|---|
| 16520 | |
|---|
| 16521 | |
|---|
| 16522 | |
|---|
| 16523 | <br> |
|---|
| 16524 | |
|---|
| 16525 | |
|---|
| 16526 | |
|---|
| 16527 | |
|---|
| 16528 | |
|---|
| 16529 | |
|---|
| 16530 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 16531 | |
|---|
| 16532 | |
|---|
| 16533 | |
|---|
| 16534 | |
|---|
| 16535 | |
|---|
| 16536 | |
|---|
| 16537 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
|---|
| 16538 | the profile is constructed like described above, but starting from the |
|---|
| 16539 | sea surface (k=nzt) down to the bottom boundary of the model. Height |
|---|
| 16540 | levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.</td> |
|---|
| 16541 | |
|---|
| 16542 | |
|---|
| 16543 | |
|---|
| 16544 | |
|---|
| 16545 | |
|---|
| 16546 | |
|---|
| 16547 | |
|---|
| 16548 | </tr> |
|---|
| 16549 | |
|---|
| 16550 | |
|---|
| 16551 | |
|---|
| 16552 | |
|---|
| 16553 | |
|---|
| 16554 | |
|---|
| 16555 | <tr> |
|---|
| 16556 | |
|---|
| 16557 | |
|---|
| 16558 | |
|---|
| 16559 | |
|---|
| 16560 | |
|---|
| 16561 | |
|---|
| 16562 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 16563 | |
|---|
| 16564 | |
|---|
| 16565 | |
|---|
| 16566 | |
|---|
| 16567 | |
|---|
| 16568 | |
|---|
| 16569 | <p><a name="vg_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient_level</span></p> |
|---|
| 16570 | |
|---|
| 16571 | |
|---|
| 16572 | |
|---|
| 16573 | |
|---|
| 16574 | |
|---|
| 16575 | |
|---|
| 16576 | |
|---|
| 16577 | </td> |
|---|
| 16578 | |
|---|
| 16579 | |
|---|
| 16580 | |
|---|
| 16581 | |
|---|
| 16582 | |
|---|
| 16583 | |
|---|
| 16584 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br> |
|---|
| 16585 | |
|---|
| 16586 | |
|---|
| 16587 | |
|---|
| 16588 | |
|---|
| 16589 | |
|---|
| 16590 | |
|---|
| 16591 | |
|---|
| 16592 | </td> |
|---|
| 16593 | |
|---|
| 16594 | |
|---|
| 16595 | |
|---|
| 16596 | |
|---|
| 16597 | |
|---|
| 16598 | |
|---|
| 16599 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 |
|---|
| 16600 | * 0.0</span><br> |
|---|
| 16601 | |
|---|
| 16602 | |
|---|
| 16603 | |
|---|
| 16604 | |
|---|
| 16605 | |
|---|
| 16606 | |
|---|
| 16607 | </td> |
|---|
| 16608 | |
|---|
| 16609 | |
|---|
| 16610 | |
|---|
| 16611 | |
|---|
| 16612 | |
|---|
| 16613 | |
|---|
| 16614 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the |
|---|
| 16615 | gradient defined by <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a> |
|---|
| 16616 | is effective (in m).<br> |
|---|
| 16617 | |
|---|
| 16618 | |
|---|
| 16619 | |
|---|
| 16620 | |
|---|
| 16621 | |
|---|
| 16622 | |
|---|
| 16623 | <br> |
|---|
| 16624 | |
|---|
| 16625 | |
|---|
| 16626 | |
|---|
| 16627 | |
|---|
| 16628 | |
|---|
| 16629 | |
|---|
| 16630 | |
|---|
| 16631 | The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. For the |
|---|
| 16632 | piecewise construction of a profile of the v-component of the |
|---|
| 16633 | geostrophic wind component (vg) see <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a>.<br> |
|---|
| 16634 | |
|---|
| 16635 | |
|---|
| 16636 | |
|---|
| 16637 | |
|---|
| 16638 | |
|---|
| 16639 | |
|---|
| 16640 | <br> |
|---|
| 16641 | |
|---|
| 16642 | |
|---|
| 16643 | |
|---|
| 16644 | |
|---|
| 16645 | |
|---|
| 16646 | |
|---|
| 16647 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
|---|
| 16648 | |
|---|
| 16649 | |
|---|
| 16650 | |
|---|
| 16651 | |
|---|
| 16652 | |
|---|
| 16653 | |
|---|
| 16654 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order.</td> |
|---|
| 16655 | |
|---|
| 16656 | |
|---|
| 16657 | |
|---|
| 16658 | |
|---|
| 16659 | |
|---|
| 16660 | |
|---|
| 16661 | |
|---|
| 16662 | </tr> |
|---|
| 16663 | |
|---|
| 16664 | |
|---|
| 16665 | |
|---|
| 16666 | |
|---|
| 16667 | |
|---|
| 16668 | |
|---|
| 16669 | <tr> |
|---|
| 16670 | |
|---|
| 16671 | |
|---|
| 16672 | |
|---|
| 16673 | |
|---|
| 16674 | |
|---|
| 16675 | |
|---|
| 16676 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 16677 | |
|---|
| 16678 | |
|---|
| 16679 | |
|---|
| 16680 | |
|---|
| 16681 | |
|---|
| 16682 | |
|---|
| 16683 | <p><a name="wall_adjustment"></a><b>wall_adjustment</b></p> |
|---|
| 16684 | |
|---|
| 16685 | |
|---|
| 16686 | |
|---|
| 16687 | |
|---|
| 16688 | |
|---|
| 16689 | |
|---|
| 16690 | |
|---|
| 16691 | </td> |
|---|
| 16692 | |
|---|
| 16693 | |
|---|
| 16694 | |
|---|
| 16695 | |
|---|
| 16696 | |
|---|
| 16697 | |
|---|
| 16698 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
|---|
| 16699 | |
|---|
| 16700 | |
|---|
| 16701 | |
|---|
| 16702 | |
|---|
| 16703 | |
|---|
| 16704 | |
|---|
| 16705 | |
|---|
| 16706 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td> |
|---|
| 16707 | |
|---|
| 16708 | |
|---|
| 16709 | |
|---|
| 16710 | |
|---|
| 16711 | |
|---|
| 16712 | |
|---|
| 16713 | |
|---|
| 16714 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
|---|
| 16715 | |
|---|
| 16716 | |
|---|
| 16717 | |
|---|
| 16718 | |
|---|
| 16719 | |
|---|
| 16720 | |
|---|
| 16721 | <p>Parameter to |
|---|
| 16722 | restrict the mixing length in the vicinity of the |
|---|
| 16723 | bottom |
|---|
| 16724 | boundary (and near vertical walls of a non-flat <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a>). </p> |
|---|
| 16725 | |
|---|
| 16726 | |
|---|
| 16727 | |
|---|
| 16728 | |
|---|
| 16729 | |
|---|
| 16730 | |
|---|
| 16731 | |
|---|
| 16732 | |
|---|
| 16733 | |
|---|
| 16734 | |
|---|
| 16735 | |
|---|
| 16736 | |
|---|
| 16737 | |
|---|
| 16738 | <p>With <b>wall_adjustment</b> |
|---|
| 16739 | = <i>.TRUE., </i>the mixing |
|---|
| 16740 | length is limited to a maximum of 1.8 * z. This condition |
|---|
| 16741 | typically affects only the |
|---|
| 16742 | first grid points above the bottom boundary.</p> |
|---|
| 16743 | |
|---|
| 16744 | |
|---|
| 16745 | |
|---|
| 16746 | |
|---|
| 16747 | <p>In case of a non-flat <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> the respective horizontal distance from vertical walls is used.</p> |
|---|
| 16748 | |
|---|
| 16749 | |
|---|
| 16750 | |
|---|
| 16751 | |
|---|
| 16752 | |
|---|
| 16753 | |
|---|
| 16754 | </td> |
|---|
| 16755 | |
|---|
| 16756 | |
|---|
| 16757 | |
|---|
| 16758 | |
|---|
| 16759 | |
|---|
| 16760 | |
|---|
| 16761 | </tr> |
|---|
| 16762 | |
|---|
| 16763 | |
|---|
| 16764 | |
|---|
| 16765 | |
|---|
| 16766 | |
|---|
| 16767 | |
|---|
| 16768 | |
|---|
| 16769 | <tr> |
|---|
| 16770 | |
|---|
| 16771 | |
|---|
| 16772 | |
|---|
| 16773 | |
|---|
| 16774 | |
|---|
| 16775 | |
|---|
| 16776 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="wall_heatflux"></a>wall_heatflux</span></td> |
|---|
| 16777 | |
|---|
| 16778 | |
|---|
| 16779 | |
|---|
| 16780 | |
|---|
| 16781 | |
|---|
| 16782 | |
|---|
| 16783 | |
|---|
| 16784 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(5)</td> |
|---|
| 16785 | |
|---|
| 16786 | |
|---|
| 16787 | |
|---|
| 16788 | |
|---|
| 16789 | |
|---|
| 16790 | |
|---|
| 16791 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">5 * 0.0</span></td> |
|---|
| 16792 | |
|---|
| 16793 | |
|---|
| 16794 | |
|---|
| 16795 | |
|---|
| 16796 | |
|---|
| 16797 | |
|---|
| 16798 | <td>Prescribed |
|---|
| 16799 | kinematic sensible heat flux in K m/s |
|---|
| 16800 | at the five topography faces:<br> |
|---|
| 16801 | |
|---|
| 16802 | |
|---|
| 16803 | |
|---|
| 16804 | |
|---|
| 16805 | |
|---|
| 16806 | |
|---|
| 16807 | <br> |
|---|
| 16808 | |
|---|
| 16809 | |
|---|
| 16810 | |
|---|
| 16811 | |
|---|
| 16812 | |
|---|
| 16813 | |
|---|
| 16814 | |
|---|
| 16815 | |
|---|
| 16816 | |
|---|
| 16817 | |
|---|
| 16818 | |
|---|
| 16819 | |
|---|
| 16820 | |
|---|
| 16821 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(0) |
|---|
| 16822 | </span>top face<br> |
|---|
| 16823 | |
|---|
| 16824 | |
|---|
| 16825 | |
|---|
| 16826 | |
|---|
| 16827 | |
|---|
| 16828 | |
|---|
| 16829 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(1) |
|---|
| 16830 | </span>left face<br> |
|---|
| 16831 | |
|---|
| 16832 | |
|---|
| 16833 | |
|---|
| 16834 | |
|---|
| 16835 | |
|---|
| 16836 | |
|---|
| 16837 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(2) |
|---|
| 16838 | </span>right face<br> |
|---|
| 16839 | |
|---|
| 16840 | |
|---|
| 16841 | |
|---|
| 16842 | |
|---|
| 16843 | |
|---|
| 16844 | |
|---|
| 16845 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(3) |
|---|
| 16846 | </span>south face<br> |
|---|
| 16847 | |
|---|
| 16848 | |
|---|
| 16849 | |
|---|
| 16850 | |
|---|
| 16851 | |
|---|
| 16852 | |
|---|
| 16853 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(4) |
|---|
| 16854 | </span>north face</div> |
|---|
| 16855 | |
|---|
| 16856 | |
|---|
| 16857 | |
|---|
| 16858 | |
|---|
| 16859 | |
|---|
| 16860 | |
|---|
| 16861 | <br> |
|---|
| 16862 | |
|---|
| 16863 | |
|---|
| 16864 | |
|---|
| 16865 | |
|---|
| 16866 | |
|---|
| 16867 | |
|---|
| 16868 | |
|---|
| 16869 | This parameter applies only in case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a>. The |
|---|
| 16870 | parameter <a href="#random_heatflux">random_heatflux</a> |
|---|
| 16871 | can be used to impose random perturbations on the internal |
|---|
| 16872 | two-dimensional surface heat |
|---|
| 16873 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> |
|---|
| 16874 | that is composed of <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a> |
|---|
| 16875 | at the bottom surface and <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(0)</span> |
|---|
| 16876 | at the topography top face. </td> |
|---|
| 16877 | |
|---|
| 16878 | |
|---|
| 16879 | |
|---|
| 16880 | |
|---|
| 16881 | |
|---|
| 16882 | |
|---|
| 16883 | </tr> |
|---|
| 16884 | |
|---|
| 16885 | |
|---|
| 16886 | |
|---|
| 16887 | |
|---|
| 16888 | |
|---|
| 16889 | |
|---|
| 16890 | |
|---|
| 16891 | |
|---|
| 16892 | |
|---|
| 16893 | |
|---|
| 16894 | |
|---|
| 16895 | |
|---|
| 16896 | |
|---|
| 16897 | </tbody> |
|---|
| 16898 | </table> |
|---|
| 16899 | |
|---|
| 16900 | |
|---|
| 16901 | |
|---|
| 16902 | |
|---|
| 16903 | |
|---|
| 16904 | |
|---|
| 16905 | <br> |
|---|
| 16906 | |
|---|
| 16907 | |
|---|
| 16908 | |
|---|
| 16909 | |
|---|
| 16910 | |
|---|
| 16911 | |
|---|
| 16912 | |
|---|
| 16913 | <p style="line-height: 100%;"><br> |
|---|
| 16914 | |
|---|
| 16915 | |
|---|
| 16916 | |
|---|
| 16917 | |
|---|
| 16918 | |
|---|
| 16919 | |
|---|
| 16920 | <font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_4.0.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik1" src="left.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="index.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik2" src="up.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_4.2.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik3" src="right.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a></font></font></p> |
|---|
| 16921 | |
|---|
| 16922 | |
|---|
| 16923 | |
|---|
| 16924 | |
|---|
| 16925 | |
|---|
| 16926 | |
|---|
| 16927 | |
|---|
| 16928 | <p style="line-height: 100%;"><i>Last |
|---|
| 16929 | change: </i> $Id: chapter_4.1.html 240 2009-02-18 17:50:38Z letzel $ </p> |
|---|
| 16930 | |
|---|
| 16931 | |
|---|
| 16932 | |
|---|
| 16933 | |
|---|
| 16934 | |
|---|
| 16935 | |
|---|
| 16936 | |
|---|
| 16937 | <br> |
|---|
| 16938 | |
|---|
| 16939 | |
|---|
| 16940 | |
|---|
| 16941 | |
|---|
| 16942 | |
|---|
| 16943 | |
|---|
| 16944 | <br> |
|---|
| 16945 | |
|---|
| 16946 | |
|---|
| 16947 | |
|---|
| 16948 | |
|---|
| 16949 | |
|---|
| 16950 | |
|---|
| 16951 | |
|---|
| 16952 | </body></html> |
|---|
