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19 | <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>PALM chapter 4.1</title></head><body> |
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26 | <h3><a name="chapter4.1"></a>4.1 |
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27 | Initialization parameters</h3> |
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28 | |
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32 | |
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33 | |
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34 | |
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35 | <br> |
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41 | |
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42 | <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> |
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48 | |
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49 | <tbody> |
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50 | |
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54 | |
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55 | |
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56 | |
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57 | <tr> |
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58 | |
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59 | |
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60 | |
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61 | |
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62 | |
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63 | |
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64 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Parameter name</b></font></td> |
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65 | |
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66 | |
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67 | |
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68 | |
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69 | |
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70 | |
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71 | |
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72 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Type</b></font></td> |
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73 | |
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74 | |
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75 | |
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76 | |
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77 | |
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78 | |
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79 | |
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80 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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81 | |
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82 | |
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83 | |
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84 | |
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85 | |
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86 | |
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87 | <p><b><font size="4">Default</font></b> <br> |
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88 | |
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89 | |
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90 | |
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91 | |
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92 | |
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93 | |
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94 | <b><font size="4">value</font></b></p> |
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95 | |
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96 | |
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97 | |
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98 | |
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99 | |
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100 | |
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101 | </td> |
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102 | |
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103 | |
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104 | |
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105 | |
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106 | |
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107 | |
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108 | |
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109 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><font size="4"><b>Explanation</b></font></td> |
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110 | |
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111 | |
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112 | |
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113 | |
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114 | |
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115 | |
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116 | |
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117 | </tr> |
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118 | |
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119 | |
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121 | |
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122 | |
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123 | |
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124 | <tr> |
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125 | |
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126 | |
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127 | |
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128 | |
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129 | |
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130 | |
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131 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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132 | |
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133 | |
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134 | |
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135 | |
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136 | |
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137 | |
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138 | <p><a name="adjust_mixing_length"></a><b>adjust_mixing_length</b></p> |
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139 | |
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140 | |
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141 | |
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142 | |
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143 | |
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144 | |
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145 | |
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146 | </td> |
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147 | |
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148 | |
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149 | |
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150 | |
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151 | |
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152 | |
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153 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
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154 | |
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155 | |
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156 | |
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157 | |
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158 | |
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159 | |
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160 | |
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161 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
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162 | |
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163 | |
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164 | |
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165 | |
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166 | |
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167 | |
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168 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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169 | |
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170 | |
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171 | |
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172 | |
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173 | |
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174 | |
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175 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Near-surface adjustment of the |
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176 | mixing length to the Prandtl-layer law. </p> |
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177 | |
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178 | |
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179 | |
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180 | |
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181 | |
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182 | |
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183 | |
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184 | |
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185 | |
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186 | |
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187 | |
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188 | |
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189 | |
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190 | <p>Usually |
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191 | the mixing length in LES models l<sub>LES</sub> |
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192 | depends (as in PALM) on the grid size and is possibly restricted |
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193 | further in case of stable stratification and near the lower wall (see |
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194 | parameter <a href="#wall_adjustment">wall_adjustment</a>). |
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195 | With <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> |
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196 | the Prandtl' mixing length l<sub>PR</sub> = kappa * z/phi |
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197 | is calculated |
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198 | and the mixing length actually used in the model is set l = MIN (l<sub>LES</sub>, |
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199 | l<sub>PR</sub>). This usually gives a decrease of the |
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200 | mixing length at |
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201 | the bottom boundary and considers the fact that eddy sizes |
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202 | decrease in the vicinity of the wall. </p> |
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203 | |
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204 | |
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205 | |
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206 | |
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207 | |
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208 | |
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209 | |
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210 | |
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211 | |
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212 | |
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213 | |
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214 | |
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215 | |
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216 | <p style="font-style: normal;"><b>Warning:</b> So |
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217 | far, there is |
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218 | no good experience with <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> ! </p> |
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219 | |
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220 | |
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221 | |
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222 | |
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223 | |
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224 | |
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225 | |
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226 | |
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227 | |
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228 | |
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229 | |
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230 | |
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231 | |
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232 | <p>With <b>adjust_mixing_length</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and the |
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233 | Prandtl-layer being |
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234 | switched on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>) |
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235 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*)** 2+neumann'</span> |
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236 | should always be set as the lower boundary condition for the TKE (see <a href="#bc_e_b">bc_e_b</a>), |
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237 | otherwise the near-surface value of the TKE is not in agreement with |
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238 | the Prandtl-layer law (Prandtl-layer law and Prandtl-Kolmogorov-Ansatz |
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239 | should provide the same value for K<sub>m</sub>). A warning |
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240 | is given, |
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241 | if this is not the case.</p> |
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242 | |
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243 | |
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244 | |
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245 | |
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246 | |
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247 | |
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248 | </td> |
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249 | |
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250 | |
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251 | |
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252 | |
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253 | |
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254 | |
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255 | </tr> |
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256 | |
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257 | |
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258 | |
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259 | |
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260 | |
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261 | |
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262 | <tr> |
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263 | |
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264 | |
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265 | |
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266 | |
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267 | |
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268 | |
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269 | |
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270 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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271 | |
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272 | |
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273 | |
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274 | |
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275 | |
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276 | |
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277 | <p><a name="alpha_surface"></a><b>alpha_surface</b></p> |
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278 | |
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279 | |
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280 | |
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281 | |
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282 | |
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283 | |
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284 | |
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285 | </td> |
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286 | |
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287 | |
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288 | |
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289 | |
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290 | |
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291 | |
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292 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
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293 | |
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294 | |
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295 | |
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296 | |
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297 | |
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298 | |
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299 | </td> |
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300 | |
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301 | |
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302 | |
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303 | |
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304 | |
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305 | |
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306 | |
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307 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
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308 | |
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309 | |
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310 | |
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311 | |
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312 | |
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313 | |
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314 | </td> |
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315 | |
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316 | |
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317 | |
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318 | |
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319 | |
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320 | |
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321 | |
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322 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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323 | |
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324 | |
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325 | |
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326 | |
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327 | |
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328 | |
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329 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Inclination of the model domain |
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330 | with respect to the horizontal (in degrees). </p> |
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331 | |
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332 | |
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333 | |
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334 | |
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335 | |
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336 | |
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337 | |
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338 | |
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339 | |
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340 | |
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341 | |
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342 | |
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343 | |
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344 | <p style="font-style: normal;">By means of <b>alpha_surface</b> |
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345 | the model domain can be inclined in x-direction with respect to the |
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346 | horizontal. In this way flows over inclined surfaces (e.g. drainage |
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347 | flows, gravity flows) can be simulated. In case of <b>alpha_surface |
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348 | </b>/= <span style="font-style: italic;">0</span> |
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349 | the buoyancy term |
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350 | appears both in |
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351 | the equation of motion of the u-component and of the w-component.<br> |
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352 | |
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353 | |
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354 | |
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355 | |
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356 | |
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357 | |
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358 | |
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359 | </p> |
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360 | |
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361 | |
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362 | |
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363 | |
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364 | |
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365 | |
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366 | |
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367 | |
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368 | |
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369 | |
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370 | |
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371 | |
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372 | |
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373 | <p style="font-style: normal;">An inclination |
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374 | is only possible in |
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375 | case of cyclic horizontal boundary conditions along x AND y (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
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376 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>) and <a href="#topography">topography</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span>. </p> |
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377 | |
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378 | |
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379 | |
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380 | |
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381 | |
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382 | |
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383 | |
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384 | |
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385 | |
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386 | |
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387 | |
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388 | |
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389 | |
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390 | <p>Runs with inclined surface still require additional |
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391 | user-defined code as well as modifications to the default code. Please |
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392 | ask the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/PALM_group.html#0">PALM |
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393 | developer group</a>.</p> |
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394 | |
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395 | |
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396 | |
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397 | |
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398 | |
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399 | |
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400 | </td> |
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401 | |
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402 | |
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403 | |
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404 | |
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405 | |
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406 | |
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407 | </tr> |
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408 | |
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409 | |
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410 | |
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411 | |
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412 | |
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413 | |
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414 | |
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415 | <tr> |
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416 | |
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417 | |
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418 | |
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419 | |
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420 | |
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421 | |
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422 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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423 | |
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424 | |
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425 | |
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426 | |
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427 | |
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428 | |
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429 | <p><a name="bc_e_b"></a><b>bc_e_b</b></p> |
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430 | |
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431 | |
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432 | |
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433 | |
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434 | |
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435 | |
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436 | </td> |
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437 | |
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438 | |
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439 | |
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440 | |
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441 | |
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442 | |
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443 | |
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444 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
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445 | |
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446 | |
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447 | |
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448 | |
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449 | |
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450 | |
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451 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
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452 | |
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453 | |
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454 | |
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455 | |
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456 | |
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457 | |
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458 | |
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459 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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460 | |
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461 | |
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462 | |
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463 | |
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464 | |
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465 | |
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466 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
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467 | TKE. </p> |
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468 | |
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469 | |
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470 | |
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471 | |
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472 | |
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473 | |
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474 | |
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475 | |
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476 | |
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477 | |
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478 | |
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479 | |
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480 | |
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481 | <p><b>bc_e_b</b> may be |
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482 | set to <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
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483 | or <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*) ** 2+neumann'</span>. |
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484 | <b>bc_e_b</b> |
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485 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
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486 | yields to |
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487 | e(k=0)=e(k=1) (Neumann boundary condition), where e(k=1) is calculated |
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488 | via the prognostic TKE equation. Choice of <span style="font-style: italic;">'(u*)**2+neumann'</span> |
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489 | also yields to |
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490 | e(k=0)=e(k=1), but the TKE at the Prandtl-layer top (k=1) is calculated |
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491 | diagnostically by e(k=1)=(us/0.1)**2. However, this is only allowed if |
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492 | a Prandtl-layer is used (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>). |
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493 | If this is not the case, a warning is given and <b>bc_e_b</b> |
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494 | is reset |
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495 | to <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
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496 | </p> |
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497 | |
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498 | |
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499 | |
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500 | |
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501 | |
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502 | |
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503 | |
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504 | |
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505 | |
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506 | |
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507 | |
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508 | |
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509 | |
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510 | <p style="font-style: normal;">At the top |
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511 | boundary a Neumann |
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512 | boundary condition is generally used: (e(nz+1) = e(nz)).</p> |
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513 | |
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514 | |
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515 | |
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516 | |
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517 | |
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518 | |
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519 | </td> |
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520 | |
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521 | |
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522 | |
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523 | |
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524 | |
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525 | |
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526 | |
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527 | </tr> |
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528 | |
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529 | |
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530 | |
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531 | |
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532 | |
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533 | |
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534 | <tr> |
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535 | |
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536 | |
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537 | |
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538 | |
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539 | |
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540 | |
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541 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
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542 | |
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543 | |
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544 | |
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545 | |
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546 | |
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547 | |
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548 | <p><a name="bc_lr"></a><b>bc_lr</b></p> |
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549 | |
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550 | |
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551 | |
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552 | |
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553 | |
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554 | |
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555 | |
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556 | </td> |
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557 | |
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558 | |
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559 | |
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560 | |
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561 | |
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562 | |
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563 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
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564 | |
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565 | |
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566 | |
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567 | |
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568 | |
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569 | |
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570 | |
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571 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td> |
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572 | |
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573 | |
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574 | |
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575 | |
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576 | |
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577 | |
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578 | |
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579 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary |
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580 | condition along x (for all quantities).<br> |
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581 | |
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582 | |
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583 | |
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584 | |
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585 | |
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586 | |
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587 | <br> |
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588 | |
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589 | |
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590 | |
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591 | |
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592 | |
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593 | |
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594 | |
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595 | By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along x.<br> |
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596 | |
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597 | |
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598 | |
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599 | |
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600 | |
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601 | |
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602 | <br> |
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603 | |
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604 | |
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605 | |
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606 | |
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607 | |
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608 | |
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609 | |
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610 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_lr</span> may |
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611 | also be |
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612 | assigned the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet/radiation'</span> |
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613 | (inflow from left, outflow to the right) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'radiation/dirichlet'</span> |
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614 | (inflow from |
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615 | right, outflow to the left). This requires the multi-grid method to be |
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616 | used for solving the Poisson equation for perturbation pressure (see <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
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617 | and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along y (see <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).<br> |
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618 | |
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619 | |
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620 | |
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621 | |
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622 | |
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623 | |
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624 | <br> |
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625 | |
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626 | |
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627 | |
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628 | |
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629 | |
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630 | |
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631 | |
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632 | In case of these non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a Dirichlet condition |
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633 | is used at the inflow for all quantities (initial vertical profiles - |
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634 | see <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
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635 | - are fixed during the run) except u, to which a Neumann (zero |
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636 | gradient) condition is applied. At the outflow, a radiation condition is used for all velocity components, while a Neumann (zero |
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637 | gradient) condition is used for the scalars. For perturbation |
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638 | pressure Neumann (zero gradient) conditions are assumed both at the |
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639 | inflow and at the outflow.<br> |
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640 | |
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641 | |
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642 | |
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643 | |
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644 | |
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645 | |
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646 | <br> |
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647 | |
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648 | |
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649 | |
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650 | |
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651 | |
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652 | |
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653 | |
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654 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a filter is applied to the |
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655 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
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656 | reflections of outgoing disturbances (see <a href="#km_damp_max">km_damp_max</a> |
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657 | and <a href="#outflow_damping_width">outflow_damping_width</a>).<br> |
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658 | |
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659 | |
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660 | |
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661 | |
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662 | |
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663 | |
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664 | |
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665 | <br> |
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666 | |
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667 | |
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668 | |
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669 | |
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670 | |
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671 | |
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672 | |
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673 | In order to maintain a turbulent state of the flow, it may be |
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674 | neccessary to continuously impose perturbations on the horizontal |
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675 | velocity field in the vicinity of the inflow throughout the whole run. |
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676 | This can be switched on using <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>. |
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677 | The horizontal range to which these perturbations are applied is |
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678 | controlled by the parameters <a href="#inflow_disturbance_begin">inflow_disturbance_begin</a> |
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679 | and <a href="#inflow_disturbance_end">inflow_disturbance_end</a>. |
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680 | The vertical range and the perturbation amplitude are given by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_level_b</a>, |
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681 | <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_level_t</a>, |
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682 | and <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">disturbance_amplitude</a>. |
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683 | The time interval at which perturbations are to be imposed is set by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#dt_disturb">dt_disturb</a>.<br> |
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684 | |
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685 | |
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686 | |
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687 | |
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688 | |
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689 | |
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690 | |
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691 | <br> |
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692 | |
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693 | |
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694 | |
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695 | |
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696 | |
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697 | |
---|
698 | |
---|
699 | In case of non-cyclic horizontal boundaries <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#call_psolver_at_all_substeps">call_psolver |
---|
700 | at_all_substeps</a> = .T. should be used.<br> |
---|
701 | |
---|
702 | |
---|
703 | |
---|
704 | |
---|
705 | |
---|
706 | |
---|
707 | <br> |
---|
708 | |
---|
709 | |
---|
710 | |
---|
711 | |
---|
712 | |
---|
713 | |
---|
714 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
---|
715 | |
---|
716 | |
---|
717 | |
---|
718 | |
---|
719 | |
---|
720 | |
---|
721 | |
---|
722 | Using non-cyclic lateral boundaries requires very sensitive adjustments |
---|
723 | of the inflow (vertical profiles) and the bottom boundary conditions, |
---|
724 | e.g. a surface heating should not be applied near the inflow boundary |
---|
725 | because this may significantly disturb the inflow. Please check the |
---|
726 | model results very carefully.</td> |
---|
727 | |
---|
728 | |
---|
729 | |
---|
730 | |
---|
731 | |
---|
732 | |
---|
733 | </tr> |
---|
734 | |
---|
735 | |
---|
736 | |
---|
737 | |
---|
738 | |
---|
739 | |
---|
740 | <tr> |
---|
741 | |
---|
742 | |
---|
743 | |
---|
744 | |
---|
745 | |
---|
746 | |
---|
747 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
748 | |
---|
749 | |
---|
750 | |
---|
751 | |
---|
752 | |
---|
753 | |
---|
754 | <p><a name="bc_ns"></a><b>bc_ns</b></p> |
---|
755 | |
---|
756 | |
---|
757 | |
---|
758 | |
---|
759 | |
---|
760 | |
---|
761 | |
---|
762 | </td> |
---|
763 | |
---|
764 | |
---|
765 | |
---|
766 | |
---|
767 | |
---|
768 | |
---|
769 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
770 | |
---|
771 | |
---|
772 | |
---|
773 | |
---|
774 | |
---|
775 | |
---|
776 | |
---|
777 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span></td> |
---|
778 | |
---|
779 | |
---|
780 | |
---|
781 | |
---|
782 | |
---|
783 | |
---|
784 | |
---|
785 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Boundary |
---|
786 | condition along y (for all quantities).<br> |
---|
787 | |
---|
788 | |
---|
789 | |
---|
790 | |
---|
791 | |
---|
792 | |
---|
793 | <br> |
---|
794 | |
---|
795 | |
---|
796 | |
---|
797 | |
---|
798 | |
---|
799 | |
---|
800 | |
---|
801 | By default, a cyclic boundary condition is used along y.<br> |
---|
802 | |
---|
803 | |
---|
804 | |
---|
805 | |
---|
806 | |
---|
807 | |
---|
808 | <br> |
---|
809 | |
---|
810 | |
---|
811 | |
---|
812 | |
---|
813 | |
---|
814 | |
---|
815 | |
---|
816 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_ns</span> may |
---|
817 | also be |
---|
818 | assigned the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet/radiation'</span> |
---|
819 | (inflow from rear ("north"), outflow to the front ("south")) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'radiation/dirichlet'</span> |
---|
820 | (inflow from front ("south"), outflow to the rear ("north")). This |
---|
821 | requires the multi-grid |
---|
822 | method to be used for solving the Poisson equation for perturbation |
---|
823 | pressure (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
---|
824 | and it also requires cyclic boundary conditions along x (see<br> |
---|
825 | |
---|
826 | |
---|
827 | |
---|
828 | |
---|
829 | |
---|
830 | |
---|
831 | <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>).<br> |
---|
832 | |
---|
833 | |
---|
834 | |
---|
835 | |
---|
836 | |
---|
837 | |
---|
838 | <br> |
---|
839 | |
---|
840 | |
---|
841 | |
---|
842 | |
---|
843 | |
---|
844 | |
---|
845 | |
---|
846 | In case of these non-cyclic lateral boundaries, a Dirichlet condition |
---|
847 | is used at the inflow for all quantities (initial vertical profiles - |
---|
848 | see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
849 | - are fixed during the run) except u, to which a Neumann (zero |
---|
850 | gradient) condition is applied. At the outflow, a radiation condition is used for all velocity components, while a Neumann (zero |
---|
851 | gradient) condition is used for the scalars. For perturbation |
---|
852 | pressure Neumann (zero gradient) conditions are assumed both at the |
---|
853 | inflow and at the outflow.<br> |
---|
854 | |
---|
855 | |
---|
856 | |
---|
857 | |
---|
858 | |
---|
859 | |
---|
860 | <br> |
---|
861 | |
---|
862 | |
---|
863 | |
---|
864 | |
---|
865 | |
---|
866 | |
---|
867 | |
---|
868 | For further details regarding non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions |
---|
869 | see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a>.</td> |
---|
870 | |
---|
871 | |
---|
872 | |
---|
873 | |
---|
874 | |
---|
875 | |
---|
876 | </tr> |
---|
877 | |
---|
878 | |
---|
879 | |
---|
880 | |
---|
881 | |
---|
882 | |
---|
883 | |
---|
884 | <tr> |
---|
885 | |
---|
886 | |
---|
887 | |
---|
888 | |
---|
889 | |
---|
890 | |
---|
891 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
892 | |
---|
893 | |
---|
894 | |
---|
895 | |
---|
896 | |
---|
897 | |
---|
898 | <p><a name="bc_p_b"></a><b>bc_p_b</b></p> |
---|
899 | |
---|
900 | |
---|
901 | |
---|
902 | |
---|
903 | |
---|
904 | |
---|
905 | </td> |
---|
906 | |
---|
907 | |
---|
908 | |
---|
909 | |
---|
910 | |
---|
911 | |
---|
912 | |
---|
913 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
914 | |
---|
915 | |
---|
916 | |
---|
917 | |
---|
918 | |
---|
919 | |
---|
920 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
---|
921 | |
---|
922 | |
---|
923 | |
---|
924 | |
---|
925 | |
---|
926 | |
---|
927 | |
---|
928 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
929 | |
---|
930 | |
---|
931 | |
---|
932 | |
---|
933 | |
---|
934 | |
---|
935 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
---|
936 | perturbation pressure. </p> |
---|
937 | |
---|
938 | |
---|
939 | |
---|
940 | |
---|
941 | |
---|
942 | |
---|
943 | |
---|
944 | |
---|
945 | |
---|
946 | |
---|
947 | |
---|
948 | |
---|
949 | |
---|
950 | <p>Allowed values |
---|
951 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>, |
---|
952 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
953 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span>. |
---|
954 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
955 | sets |
---|
956 | p(k=0)=0.0, <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
957 | sets p(k=0)=p(k=1). <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span> |
---|
958 | corresponds to an extended Neumann boundary condition where heat flux |
---|
959 | or temperature inhomogeneities near the |
---|
960 | surface (pt(k=1)) are additionally regarded (see Shen and |
---|
961 | LeClerc |
---|
962 | (1995, Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., |
---|
963 | 1209)). This condition is only permitted with the Prandtl-layer |
---|
964 | switched on (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>), |
---|
965 | otherwise the run is terminated. </p> |
---|
966 | |
---|
967 | |
---|
968 | |
---|
969 | |
---|
970 | |
---|
971 | |
---|
972 | |
---|
973 | |
---|
974 | |
---|
975 | |
---|
976 | |
---|
977 | |
---|
978 | |
---|
979 | <p>Since |
---|
980 | at the bottom boundary of the model the vertical |
---|
981 | velocity |
---|
982 | disappears (w(k=0) = 0.0), the consistent Neumann condition (<span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann+inhomo'</span>) |
---|
983 | dp/dz = 0 should |
---|
984 | be used, which leaves the vertical component w unchanged when the |
---|
985 | pressure solver is applied. Simultaneous use of the Neumann boundary |
---|
986 | conditions both at the bottom and at the top boundary (<a href="#bc_p_t">bc_p_t</a>) |
---|
987 | usually yields no consistent solution for the perturbation pressure and |
---|
988 | should be avoided.</p> |
---|
989 | |
---|
990 | |
---|
991 | |
---|
992 | |
---|
993 | |
---|
994 | |
---|
995 | </td> |
---|
996 | |
---|
997 | |
---|
998 | |
---|
999 | |
---|
1000 | |
---|
1001 | |
---|
1002 | </tr> |
---|
1003 | |
---|
1004 | |
---|
1005 | |
---|
1006 | |
---|
1007 | |
---|
1008 | |
---|
1009 | <tr> |
---|
1010 | |
---|
1011 | |
---|
1012 | |
---|
1013 | |
---|
1014 | |
---|
1015 | |
---|
1016 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1017 | |
---|
1018 | |
---|
1019 | |
---|
1020 | |
---|
1021 | |
---|
1022 | |
---|
1023 | <p><a name="bc_p_t"></a><b>bc_p_t</b></p> |
---|
1024 | |
---|
1025 | |
---|
1026 | |
---|
1027 | |
---|
1028 | |
---|
1029 | |
---|
1030 | |
---|
1031 | </td> |
---|
1032 | |
---|
1033 | |
---|
1034 | |
---|
1035 | |
---|
1036 | |
---|
1037 | |
---|
1038 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
1039 | |
---|
1040 | |
---|
1041 | |
---|
1042 | |
---|
1043 | |
---|
1044 | |
---|
1045 | |
---|
1046 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
---|
1047 | |
---|
1048 | |
---|
1049 | |
---|
1050 | |
---|
1051 | |
---|
1052 | |
---|
1053 | |
---|
1054 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1055 | |
---|
1056 | |
---|
1057 | |
---|
1058 | |
---|
1059 | |
---|
1060 | |
---|
1061 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
---|
1062 | perturbation pressure. </p> |
---|
1063 | |
---|
1064 | |
---|
1065 | |
---|
1066 | |
---|
1067 | |
---|
1068 | |
---|
1069 | |
---|
1070 | |
---|
1071 | |
---|
1072 | |
---|
1073 | |
---|
1074 | |
---|
1075 | |
---|
1076 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
1077 | (p(k=nz+1)= 0.0) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1078 | (p(k=nz+1)=p(k=nz)). </p> |
---|
1079 | |
---|
1080 | |
---|
1081 | |
---|
1082 | |
---|
1083 | |
---|
1084 | |
---|
1085 | |
---|
1086 | |
---|
1087 | |
---|
1088 | |
---|
1089 | |
---|
1090 | |
---|
1091 | |
---|
1092 | <p>Simultaneous use |
---|
1093 | of Neumann boundary conditions both at the |
---|
1094 | top and bottom boundary (<a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a>) |
---|
1095 | usually yields no consistent solution for the perturbation pressure and |
---|
1096 | should be avoided. Since at the bottom boundary the Neumann |
---|
1097 | condition is a good choice (see <a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a>), |
---|
1098 | a Dirichlet condition should be set at the top boundary.</p> |
---|
1099 | |
---|
1100 | |
---|
1101 | |
---|
1102 | |
---|
1103 | |
---|
1104 | |
---|
1105 | </td> |
---|
1106 | |
---|
1107 | |
---|
1108 | |
---|
1109 | |
---|
1110 | |
---|
1111 | |
---|
1112 | |
---|
1113 | </tr> |
---|
1114 | |
---|
1115 | |
---|
1116 | |
---|
1117 | |
---|
1118 | |
---|
1119 | |
---|
1120 | <tr> |
---|
1121 | |
---|
1122 | |
---|
1123 | |
---|
1124 | |
---|
1125 | |
---|
1126 | |
---|
1127 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1128 | |
---|
1129 | |
---|
1130 | |
---|
1131 | |
---|
1132 | |
---|
1133 | |
---|
1134 | <p><a name="bc_pt_b"></a><b>bc_pt_b</b></p> |
---|
1135 | |
---|
1136 | |
---|
1137 | |
---|
1138 | |
---|
1139 | |
---|
1140 | |
---|
1141 | |
---|
1142 | </td> |
---|
1143 | |
---|
1144 | |
---|
1145 | |
---|
1146 | |
---|
1147 | |
---|
1148 | |
---|
1149 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20</td> |
---|
1150 | |
---|
1151 | |
---|
1152 | |
---|
1153 | |
---|
1154 | |
---|
1155 | |
---|
1156 | |
---|
1157 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
---|
1158 | |
---|
1159 | |
---|
1160 | |
---|
1161 | |
---|
1162 | |
---|
1163 | |
---|
1164 | |
---|
1165 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1166 | |
---|
1167 | |
---|
1168 | |
---|
1169 | |
---|
1170 | |
---|
1171 | |
---|
1172 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
---|
1173 | potential temperature. </p> |
---|
1174 | |
---|
1175 | |
---|
1176 | |
---|
1177 | |
---|
1178 | |
---|
1179 | |
---|
1180 | |
---|
1181 | |
---|
1182 | |
---|
1183 | |
---|
1184 | |
---|
1185 | |
---|
1186 | |
---|
1187 | <p>Allowed values |
---|
1188 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
1189 | (pt(k=0) = const. = <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a> |
---|
1190 | + <a href="#pt_surface_initial_change">pt_surface_initial_change</a>; |
---|
1191 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
---|
1192 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1193 | (pt(k=0)=pt(k=1)). <br> |
---|
1194 | |
---|
1195 | |
---|
1196 | |
---|
1197 | |
---|
1198 | |
---|
1199 | |
---|
1200 | |
---|
1201 | When a constant surface sensible heat flux is used (<a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>), <b>bc_pt_b</b> |
---|
1202 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1203 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
1204 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
---|
1205 | |
---|
1206 | |
---|
1207 | |
---|
1208 | |
---|
1209 | |
---|
1210 | |
---|
1211 | |
---|
1212 | |
---|
1213 | |
---|
1214 | |
---|
1215 | |
---|
1216 | |
---|
1217 | <p>In the <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> atmosphere executable, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a> is internally set and does not need to be prescribed.</p> |
---|
1218 | |
---|
1219 | |
---|
1220 | |
---|
1221 | |
---|
1222 | |
---|
1223 | |
---|
1224 | |
---|
1225 | </td> |
---|
1226 | |
---|
1227 | |
---|
1228 | |
---|
1229 | |
---|
1230 | |
---|
1231 | |
---|
1232 | </tr> |
---|
1233 | |
---|
1234 | |
---|
1235 | |
---|
1236 | |
---|
1237 | |
---|
1238 | |
---|
1239 | <tr> |
---|
1240 | |
---|
1241 | |
---|
1242 | |
---|
1243 | |
---|
1244 | |
---|
1245 | |
---|
1246 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1247 | |
---|
1248 | |
---|
1249 | |
---|
1250 | |
---|
1251 | |
---|
1252 | |
---|
1253 | <p><a name="pc_pt_t"></a><b>bc_pt_t</b></p> |
---|
1254 | |
---|
1255 | |
---|
1256 | |
---|
1257 | |
---|
1258 | |
---|
1259 | |
---|
1260 | |
---|
1261 | </td> |
---|
1262 | |
---|
1263 | |
---|
1264 | |
---|
1265 | |
---|
1266 | |
---|
1267 | |
---|
1268 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
1269 | |
---|
1270 | |
---|
1271 | |
---|
1272 | |
---|
1273 | |
---|
1274 | |
---|
1275 | |
---|
1276 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_ gradient'</span></td> |
---|
1277 | |
---|
1278 | |
---|
1279 | |
---|
1280 | |
---|
1281 | |
---|
1282 | |
---|
1283 | |
---|
1284 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1285 | |
---|
1286 | |
---|
1287 | |
---|
1288 | |
---|
1289 | |
---|
1290 | |
---|
1291 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
---|
1292 | potential temperature. </p> |
---|
1293 | |
---|
1294 | |
---|
1295 | |
---|
1296 | |
---|
1297 | |
---|
1298 | |
---|
1299 | |
---|
1300 | |
---|
1301 | |
---|
1302 | |
---|
1303 | |
---|
1304 | |
---|
1305 | |
---|
1306 | <p>Allowed are the |
---|
1307 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>(pt(k=nz+1) |
---|
1308 | does not change during the run), <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1309 | (pt(k=nz+1)=pt(k=nz)), and <span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_gradient'</span>. |
---|
1310 | With the 'initial_gradient'-condition the value of the temperature |
---|
1311 | gradient at the top is |
---|
1312 | calculated from the initial |
---|
1313 | temperature profile (see <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, |
---|
1314 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>) |
---|
1315 | by bc_pt_t_val = (pt_init(k=nz+1) - |
---|
1316 | pt_init(k=nz)) / dzu(nz+1).<br> |
---|
1317 | |
---|
1318 | |
---|
1319 | |
---|
1320 | |
---|
1321 | |
---|
1322 | |
---|
1323 | |
---|
1324 | Using this value (assumed constant during the |
---|
1325 | run) the temperature boundary values are calculated as </p> |
---|
1326 | |
---|
1327 | |
---|
1328 | |
---|
1329 | |
---|
1330 | |
---|
1331 | |
---|
1332 | |
---|
1333 | |
---|
1334 | |
---|
1335 | |
---|
1336 | |
---|
1337 | |
---|
1338 | |
---|
1339 | <ul> |
---|
1340 | |
---|
1341 | |
---|
1342 | |
---|
1343 | |
---|
1344 | |
---|
1345 | |
---|
1346 | |
---|
1347 | |
---|
1348 | |
---|
1349 | |
---|
1350 | |
---|
1351 | |
---|
1352 | |
---|
1353 | <p style="font-style: normal;">pt(k=nz+1) = |
---|
1354 | pt(k=nz) + |
---|
1355 | bc_pt_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
---|
1356 | |
---|
1357 | |
---|
1358 | |
---|
1359 | |
---|
1360 | |
---|
1361 | |
---|
1362 | |
---|
1363 | |
---|
1364 | |
---|
1365 | |
---|
1366 | |
---|
1367 | |
---|
1368 | |
---|
1369 | </ul> |
---|
1370 | |
---|
1371 | |
---|
1372 | |
---|
1373 | |
---|
1374 | |
---|
1375 | |
---|
1376 | |
---|
1377 | |
---|
1378 | |
---|
1379 | |
---|
1380 | |
---|
1381 | |
---|
1382 | |
---|
1383 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic |
---|
1384 | equation for the temperature is solved).<br> |
---|
1385 | |
---|
1386 | |
---|
1387 | |
---|
1388 | |
---|
1389 | |
---|
1390 | |
---|
1391 | |
---|
1392 | When a constant sensible heat flux is used at the top boundary (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>), |
---|
1393 | <b>bc_pt_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1394 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
1395 | the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
---|
1396 | |
---|
1397 | |
---|
1398 | |
---|
1399 | |
---|
1400 | |
---|
1401 | |
---|
1402 | </td> |
---|
1403 | |
---|
1404 | |
---|
1405 | |
---|
1406 | |
---|
1407 | |
---|
1408 | |
---|
1409 | |
---|
1410 | </tr> |
---|
1411 | |
---|
1412 | |
---|
1413 | |
---|
1414 | |
---|
1415 | |
---|
1416 | |
---|
1417 | <tr> |
---|
1418 | |
---|
1419 | |
---|
1420 | |
---|
1421 | |
---|
1422 | |
---|
1423 | |
---|
1424 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1425 | |
---|
1426 | |
---|
1427 | |
---|
1428 | |
---|
1429 | |
---|
1430 | |
---|
1431 | <p><a name="bc_q_b"></a><b>bc_q_b</b></p> |
---|
1432 | |
---|
1433 | |
---|
1434 | |
---|
1435 | |
---|
1436 | |
---|
1437 | |
---|
1438 | |
---|
1439 | </td> |
---|
1440 | |
---|
1441 | |
---|
1442 | |
---|
1443 | |
---|
1444 | |
---|
1445 | |
---|
1446 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
1447 | |
---|
1448 | |
---|
1449 | |
---|
1450 | |
---|
1451 | |
---|
1452 | |
---|
1453 | |
---|
1454 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
---|
1455 | |
---|
1456 | |
---|
1457 | |
---|
1458 | |
---|
1459 | |
---|
1460 | |
---|
1461 | |
---|
1462 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1463 | |
---|
1464 | |
---|
1465 | |
---|
1466 | |
---|
1467 | |
---|
1468 | |
---|
1469 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
---|
1470 | specific humidity / total water content. </p> |
---|
1471 | |
---|
1472 | |
---|
1473 | |
---|
1474 | |
---|
1475 | |
---|
1476 | |
---|
1477 | |
---|
1478 | |
---|
1479 | |
---|
1480 | |
---|
1481 | |
---|
1482 | |
---|
1483 | |
---|
1484 | <p>Allowed |
---|
1485 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
1486 | (q(k=0) = const. = <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a> |
---|
1487 | + <a href="#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a>; |
---|
1488 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
---|
1489 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1490 | (q(k=0)=q(k=1)). <br> |
---|
1491 | |
---|
1492 | |
---|
1493 | |
---|
1494 | |
---|
1495 | |
---|
1496 | |
---|
1497 | |
---|
1498 | When a constant surface latent heat flux is used (<a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>), <b>bc_q_b</b> |
---|
1499 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1500 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
1501 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
---|
1502 | |
---|
1503 | |
---|
1504 | |
---|
1505 | |
---|
1506 | |
---|
1507 | |
---|
1508 | |
---|
1509 | </td> |
---|
1510 | |
---|
1511 | |
---|
1512 | |
---|
1513 | |
---|
1514 | |
---|
1515 | |
---|
1516 | </tr> |
---|
1517 | |
---|
1518 | |
---|
1519 | |
---|
1520 | |
---|
1521 | |
---|
1522 | |
---|
1523 | <tr> |
---|
1524 | |
---|
1525 | |
---|
1526 | |
---|
1527 | |
---|
1528 | |
---|
1529 | |
---|
1530 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1531 | |
---|
1532 | |
---|
1533 | |
---|
1534 | |
---|
1535 | |
---|
1536 | |
---|
1537 | <p><a name="bc_q_t"></a><b>bc_q_t</b></p> |
---|
1538 | |
---|
1539 | |
---|
1540 | |
---|
1541 | |
---|
1542 | |
---|
1543 | |
---|
1544 | |
---|
1545 | </td> |
---|
1546 | |
---|
1547 | |
---|
1548 | |
---|
1549 | |
---|
1550 | |
---|
1551 | |
---|
1552 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">C |
---|
1553 | * 20</span></td> |
---|
1554 | |
---|
1555 | |
---|
1556 | |
---|
1557 | |
---|
1558 | |
---|
1559 | |
---|
1560 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
---|
1561 | |
---|
1562 | |
---|
1563 | |
---|
1564 | |
---|
1565 | |
---|
1566 | |
---|
1567 | |
---|
1568 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1569 | |
---|
1570 | |
---|
1571 | |
---|
1572 | |
---|
1573 | |
---|
1574 | |
---|
1575 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
---|
1576 | specific humidity / total water content. </p> |
---|
1577 | |
---|
1578 | |
---|
1579 | |
---|
1580 | |
---|
1581 | |
---|
1582 | |
---|
1583 | |
---|
1584 | |
---|
1585 | |
---|
1586 | |
---|
1587 | |
---|
1588 | |
---|
1589 | |
---|
1590 | <p>Allowed |
---|
1591 | are the values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
1592 | (q(k=nz) and q(k=nz+1) do |
---|
1593 | not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
---|
1594 | With the Neumann boundary |
---|
1595 | condition the value of the humidity gradient at the top is calculated |
---|
1596 | from the |
---|
1597 | initial humidity profile (see <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>, |
---|
1598 | <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>) |
---|
1599 | by: bc_q_t_val = ( q_init(k=nz) - q_init(k=nz-1)) / dzu(nz).<br> |
---|
1600 | |
---|
1601 | |
---|
1602 | |
---|
1603 | |
---|
1604 | |
---|
1605 | |
---|
1606 | |
---|
1607 | Using this value (assumed constant during the run) the humidity |
---|
1608 | boundary values |
---|
1609 | are calculated as </p> |
---|
1610 | |
---|
1611 | |
---|
1612 | |
---|
1613 | |
---|
1614 | |
---|
1615 | |
---|
1616 | |
---|
1617 | |
---|
1618 | |
---|
1619 | |
---|
1620 | |
---|
1621 | |
---|
1622 | |
---|
1623 | <ul> |
---|
1624 | |
---|
1625 | |
---|
1626 | |
---|
1627 | |
---|
1628 | |
---|
1629 | |
---|
1630 | |
---|
1631 | |
---|
1632 | |
---|
1633 | |
---|
1634 | |
---|
1635 | |
---|
1636 | |
---|
1637 | <p style="font-style: normal;">q(k=nz+1) =q(k=nz) + |
---|
1638 | bc_q_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
---|
1639 | |
---|
1640 | |
---|
1641 | |
---|
1642 | |
---|
1643 | |
---|
1644 | |
---|
1645 | |
---|
1646 | |
---|
1647 | |
---|
1648 | |
---|
1649 | |
---|
1650 | |
---|
1651 | |
---|
1652 | </ul> |
---|
1653 | |
---|
1654 | |
---|
1655 | |
---|
1656 | |
---|
1657 | |
---|
1658 | |
---|
1659 | |
---|
1660 | |
---|
1661 | |
---|
1662 | |
---|
1663 | |
---|
1664 | |
---|
1665 | |
---|
1666 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up tp k=nz the prognostic |
---|
1667 | equation for q is solved). </p> |
---|
1668 | |
---|
1669 | |
---|
1670 | |
---|
1671 | |
---|
1672 | |
---|
1673 | |
---|
1674 | </td> |
---|
1675 | |
---|
1676 | |
---|
1677 | |
---|
1678 | |
---|
1679 | |
---|
1680 | |
---|
1681 | </tr> |
---|
1682 | |
---|
1683 | |
---|
1684 | |
---|
1685 | |
---|
1686 | |
---|
1687 | |
---|
1688 | <tr> |
---|
1689 | |
---|
1690 | |
---|
1691 | |
---|
1692 | |
---|
1693 | |
---|
1694 | |
---|
1695 | |
---|
1696 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1697 | |
---|
1698 | |
---|
1699 | |
---|
1700 | |
---|
1701 | |
---|
1702 | |
---|
1703 | <p><a name="bc_s_b"></a><b>bc_s_b</b></p> |
---|
1704 | |
---|
1705 | |
---|
1706 | |
---|
1707 | |
---|
1708 | |
---|
1709 | |
---|
1710 | </td> |
---|
1711 | |
---|
1712 | |
---|
1713 | |
---|
1714 | |
---|
1715 | |
---|
1716 | |
---|
1717 | |
---|
1718 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
1719 | |
---|
1720 | |
---|
1721 | |
---|
1722 | |
---|
1723 | |
---|
1724 | |
---|
1725 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
---|
1726 | |
---|
1727 | |
---|
1728 | |
---|
1729 | |
---|
1730 | |
---|
1731 | |
---|
1732 | |
---|
1733 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1734 | |
---|
1735 | |
---|
1736 | |
---|
1737 | |
---|
1738 | |
---|
1739 | |
---|
1740 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
---|
1741 | scalar concentration. </p> |
---|
1742 | |
---|
1743 | |
---|
1744 | |
---|
1745 | |
---|
1746 | |
---|
1747 | |
---|
1748 | |
---|
1749 | |
---|
1750 | |
---|
1751 | |
---|
1752 | |
---|
1753 | |
---|
1754 | |
---|
1755 | <p>Allowed values |
---|
1756 | are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
1757 | (s(k=0) = const. = <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a> |
---|
1758 | + <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a>; |
---|
1759 | the user may change this value during the run using user-defined code) |
---|
1760 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1761 | (s(k=0) = |
---|
1762 | s(k=1)). <br> |
---|
1763 | |
---|
1764 | |
---|
1765 | |
---|
1766 | |
---|
1767 | |
---|
1768 | |
---|
1769 | |
---|
1770 | When a constant surface concentration flux is used (<a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>), <b>bc_s_b</b> |
---|
1771 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
1772 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
1773 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
---|
1774 | |
---|
1775 | |
---|
1776 | |
---|
1777 | |
---|
1778 | |
---|
1779 | |
---|
1780 | |
---|
1781 | </td> |
---|
1782 | |
---|
1783 | |
---|
1784 | |
---|
1785 | |
---|
1786 | |
---|
1787 | |
---|
1788 | </tr> |
---|
1789 | |
---|
1790 | |
---|
1791 | |
---|
1792 | |
---|
1793 | |
---|
1794 | |
---|
1795 | <tr> |
---|
1796 | |
---|
1797 | |
---|
1798 | |
---|
1799 | |
---|
1800 | |
---|
1801 | |
---|
1802 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1803 | |
---|
1804 | |
---|
1805 | |
---|
1806 | |
---|
1807 | |
---|
1808 | |
---|
1809 | <p><a name="bc_s_t"></a><b>bc_s_t</b></p> |
---|
1810 | |
---|
1811 | |
---|
1812 | |
---|
1813 | |
---|
1814 | |
---|
1815 | |
---|
1816 | |
---|
1817 | </td> |
---|
1818 | |
---|
1819 | |
---|
1820 | |
---|
1821 | |
---|
1822 | |
---|
1823 | |
---|
1824 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
1825 | |
---|
1826 | |
---|
1827 | |
---|
1828 | |
---|
1829 | |
---|
1830 | |
---|
1831 | |
---|
1832 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
---|
1833 | |
---|
1834 | |
---|
1835 | |
---|
1836 | |
---|
1837 | |
---|
1838 | |
---|
1839 | |
---|
1840 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1841 | |
---|
1842 | |
---|
1843 | |
---|
1844 | |
---|
1845 | |
---|
1846 | |
---|
1847 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
---|
1848 | scalar concentration. </p> |
---|
1849 | |
---|
1850 | |
---|
1851 | |
---|
1852 | |
---|
1853 | |
---|
1854 | |
---|
1855 | |
---|
1856 | |
---|
1857 | |
---|
1858 | |
---|
1859 | |
---|
1860 | |
---|
1861 | |
---|
1862 | <p>Allowed are the |
---|
1863 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
1864 | (s(k=nz) and s(k=nz+1) do |
---|
1865 | not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
---|
1866 | With the Neumann boundary |
---|
1867 | condition the value of the scalar concentration gradient at the top is |
---|
1868 | calculated |
---|
1869 | from the initial scalar concentration profile (see <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>, <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a>) |
---|
1870 | by: bc_s_t_val = (s_init(k=nz) - s_init(k=nz-1)) / dzu(nz).<br> |
---|
1871 | |
---|
1872 | |
---|
1873 | |
---|
1874 | |
---|
1875 | |
---|
1876 | |
---|
1877 | |
---|
1878 | Using this value (assumed constant during the run) the concentration |
---|
1879 | boundary values |
---|
1880 | are calculated as </p> |
---|
1881 | |
---|
1882 | |
---|
1883 | |
---|
1884 | |
---|
1885 | |
---|
1886 | |
---|
1887 | |
---|
1888 | |
---|
1889 | |
---|
1890 | |
---|
1891 | |
---|
1892 | |
---|
1893 | |
---|
1894 | <ul> |
---|
1895 | |
---|
1896 | |
---|
1897 | |
---|
1898 | |
---|
1899 | |
---|
1900 | |
---|
1901 | |
---|
1902 | |
---|
1903 | |
---|
1904 | |
---|
1905 | |
---|
1906 | |
---|
1907 | |
---|
1908 | <p style="font-style: normal;">s(k=nz+1) = s(k=nz) + |
---|
1909 | bc_s_t_val * dzu(nz+1)</p> |
---|
1910 | |
---|
1911 | |
---|
1912 | |
---|
1913 | |
---|
1914 | |
---|
1915 | |
---|
1916 | |
---|
1917 | |
---|
1918 | |
---|
1919 | |
---|
1920 | |
---|
1921 | |
---|
1922 | |
---|
1923 | </ul> |
---|
1924 | |
---|
1925 | |
---|
1926 | |
---|
1927 | |
---|
1928 | |
---|
1929 | |
---|
1930 | |
---|
1931 | |
---|
1932 | |
---|
1933 | |
---|
1934 | |
---|
1935 | |
---|
1936 | |
---|
1937 | <p style="font-style: normal;">(up to k=nz the prognostic |
---|
1938 | equation for the scalar concentration is |
---|
1939 | solved).</p> |
---|
1940 | |
---|
1941 | |
---|
1942 | |
---|
1943 | |
---|
1944 | |
---|
1945 | |
---|
1946 | </td> |
---|
1947 | |
---|
1948 | |
---|
1949 | |
---|
1950 | |
---|
1951 | |
---|
1952 | |
---|
1953 | </tr> |
---|
1954 | |
---|
1955 | |
---|
1956 | |
---|
1957 | |
---|
1958 | |
---|
1959 | |
---|
1960 | <tr> |
---|
1961 | |
---|
1962 | |
---|
1963 | |
---|
1964 | |
---|
1965 | |
---|
1966 | |
---|
1967 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bc_sa_t"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bc_sa_t</span></td> |
---|
1968 | |
---|
1969 | |
---|
1970 | |
---|
1971 | |
---|
1972 | |
---|
1973 | |
---|
1974 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
1975 | |
---|
1976 | |
---|
1977 | |
---|
1978 | |
---|
1979 | |
---|
1980 | |
---|
1981 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span></td> |
---|
1982 | |
---|
1983 | |
---|
1984 | |
---|
1985 | |
---|
1986 | |
---|
1987 | |
---|
1988 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
1989 | |
---|
1990 | |
---|
1991 | |
---|
1992 | |
---|
1993 | |
---|
1994 | |
---|
1995 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the salinity. </p> |
---|
1996 | |
---|
1997 | |
---|
1998 | |
---|
1999 | |
---|
2000 | |
---|
2001 | |
---|
2002 | |
---|
2003 | |
---|
2004 | |
---|
2005 | |
---|
2006 | |
---|
2007 | |
---|
2008 | |
---|
2009 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
---|
2010 | |
---|
2011 | |
---|
2012 | |
---|
2013 | |
---|
2014 | |
---|
2015 | |
---|
2016 | |
---|
2017 | |
---|
2018 | |
---|
2019 | |
---|
2020 | |
---|
2021 | |
---|
2022 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Allowed are the |
---|
2023 | values <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>(sa(k=nz+1) |
---|
2024 | does not change during the run) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
2025 | (sa(k=nz+1)=sa(k=nz))<span style="font-style: italic;"></span>. <br> |
---|
2026 | |
---|
2027 | |
---|
2028 | |
---|
2029 | |
---|
2030 | |
---|
2031 | |
---|
2032 | <br> |
---|
2033 | |
---|
2034 | |
---|
2035 | |
---|
2036 | |
---|
2037 | |
---|
2038 | |
---|
2039 | |
---|
2040 | When a constant salinity flux is used at the top boundary (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>), |
---|
2041 | <b>bc_sa_t</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span> |
---|
2042 | must be used, because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
2043 | the top flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed.</p> |
---|
2044 | |
---|
2045 | |
---|
2046 | |
---|
2047 | |
---|
2048 | |
---|
2049 | |
---|
2050 | </td> |
---|
2051 | |
---|
2052 | |
---|
2053 | |
---|
2054 | |
---|
2055 | |
---|
2056 | |
---|
2057 | </tr> |
---|
2058 | |
---|
2059 | |
---|
2060 | |
---|
2061 | |
---|
2062 | |
---|
2063 | |
---|
2064 | <tr> |
---|
2065 | |
---|
2066 | |
---|
2067 | |
---|
2068 | |
---|
2069 | |
---|
2070 | |
---|
2071 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
2072 | |
---|
2073 | |
---|
2074 | |
---|
2075 | |
---|
2076 | |
---|
2077 | |
---|
2078 | <p><a name="bc_uv_b"></a><b>bc_uv_b</b></p> |
---|
2079 | |
---|
2080 | |
---|
2081 | |
---|
2082 | |
---|
2083 | |
---|
2084 | |
---|
2085 | |
---|
2086 | </td> |
---|
2087 | |
---|
2088 | |
---|
2089 | |
---|
2090 | |
---|
2091 | |
---|
2092 | |
---|
2093 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
2094 | |
---|
2095 | |
---|
2096 | |
---|
2097 | |
---|
2098 | |
---|
2099 | |
---|
2100 | |
---|
2101 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
---|
2102 | |
---|
2103 | |
---|
2104 | |
---|
2105 | |
---|
2106 | |
---|
2107 | |
---|
2108 | |
---|
2109 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
2110 | |
---|
2111 | |
---|
2112 | |
---|
2113 | |
---|
2114 | |
---|
2115 | |
---|
2116 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Bottom boundary condition of the |
---|
2117 | horizontal velocity components u and v. </p> |
---|
2118 | |
---|
2119 | |
---|
2120 | |
---|
2121 | |
---|
2122 | |
---|
2123 | |
---|
2124 | |
---|
2125 | |
---|
2126 | |
---|
2127 | |
---|
2128 | |
---|
2129 | |
---|
2130 | |
---|
2131 | <p>Allowed |
---|
2132 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet' </span>and |
---|
2133 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. <b>bc_uv_b</b> |
---|
2134 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span> |
---|
2135 | yields the |
---|
2136 | no-slip condition with u=v=0 at the bottom. Due to the staggered grid |
---|
2137 | u(k=0) and v(k=0) are located at z = - 0,5 * <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
---|
2138 | (below the bottom), while u(k=1) and v(k=1) are located at z = +0,5 * |
---|
2139 | dz. u=v=0 at the bottom is guaranteed using mirror boundary |
---|
2140 | condition: </p> |
---|
2141 | |
---|
2142 | |
---|
2143 | |
---|
2144 | |
---|
2145 | |
---|
2146 | |
---|
2147 | |
---|
2148 | |
---|
2149 | |
---|
2150 | |
---|
2151 | |
---|
2152 | |
---|
2153 | |
---|
2154 | <ul> |
---|
2155 | |
---|
2156 | |
---|
2157 | |
---|
2158 | |
---|
2159 | |
---|
2160 | |
---|
2161 | |
---|
2162 | |
---|
2163 | |
---|
2164 | |
---|
2165 | |
---|
2166 | |
---|
2167 | |
---|
2168 | <p style="font-style: normal;">u(k=0) = - u(k=1) and v(k=0) = - |
---|
2169 | v(k=1)</p> |
---|
2170 | |
---|
2171 | |
---|
2172 | |
---|
2173 | |
---|
2174 | |
---|
2175 | |
---|
2176 | |
---|
2177 | |
---|
2178 | |
---|
2179 | |
---|
2180 | |
---|
2181 | |
---|
2182 | |
---|
2183 | </ul> |
---|
2184 | |
---|
2185 | |
---|
2186 | |
---|
2187 | |
---|
2188 | |
---|
2189 | |
---|
2190 | |
---|
2191 | |
---|
2192 | |
---|
2193 | |
---|
2194 | |
---|
2195 | |
---|
2196 | |
---|
2197 | <p style="font-style: normal;">The |
---|
2198 | Neumann boundary condition |
---|
2199 | yields the free-slip condition with u(k=0) = u(k=1) and v(k=0) = |
---|
2200 | v(k=1). |
---|
2201 | With Prandtl - layer switched on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>), the free-slip condition is not |
---|
2202 | allowed (otherwise the run will be terminated)<font color="#000000">.</font></p> |
---|
2203 | |
---|
2204 | |
---|
2205 | |
---|
2206 | |
---|
2207 | |
---|
2208 | |
---|
2209 | |
---|
2210 | </td> |
---|
2211 | |
---|
2212 | |
---|
2213 | |
---|
2214 | |
---|
2215 | |
---|
2216 | |
---|
2217 | </tr> |
---|
2218 | |
---|
2219 | |
---|
2220 | |
---|
2221 | |
---|
2222 | |
---|
2223 | |
---|
2224 | <tr> |
---|
2225 | |
---|
2226 | |
---|
2227 | |
---|
2228 | |
---|
2229 | |
---|
2230 | |
---|
2231 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
2232 | |
---|
2233 | |
---|
2234 | |
---|
2235 | |
---|
2236 | |
---|
2237 | |
---|
2238 | <p><a name="bc_uv_t"></a><b>bc_uv_t</b></p> |
---|
2239 | |
---|
2240 | |
---|
2241 | |
---|
2242 | |
---|
2243 | |
---|
2244 | |
---|
2245 | |
---|
2246 | </td> |
---|
2247 | |
---|
2248 | |
---|
2249 | |
---|
2250 | |
---|
2251 | |
---|
2252 | |
---|
2253 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
2254 | |
---|
2255 | |
---|
2256 | |
---|
2257 | |
---|
2258 | |
---|
2259 | |
---|
2260 | |
---|
2261 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span></td> |
---|
2262 | |
---|
2263 | |
---|
2264 | |
---|
2265 | |
---|
2266 | |
---|
2267 | |
---|
2268 | |
---|
2269 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
2270 | |
---|
2271 | |
---|
2272 | |
---|
2273 | |
---|
2274 | |
---|
2275 | |
---|
2276 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Top boundary condition of the |
---|
2277 | horizontal velocity components u and v. </p> |
---|
2278 | |
---|
2279 | |
---|
2280 | |
---|
2281 | |
---|
2282 | |
---|
2283 | |
---|
2284 | |
---|
2285 | |
---|
2286 | |
---|
2287 | |
---|
2288 | |
---|
2289 | |
---|
2290 | |
---|
2291 | <p>Allowed |
---|
2292 | values are <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet_0'</span> |
---|
2293 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'neumann'</span>. |
---|
2294 | The |
---|
2295 | Dirichlet condition yields u(k=nz+1) = ug(nz+1) and v(k=nz+1) = |
---|
2296 | vg(nz+1), |
---|
2297 | Neumann condition yields the free-slip condition with u(k=nz+1) = |
---|
2298 | u(k=nz) and v(k=nz+1) = v(k=nz) (up to k=nz the prognostic equations |
---|
2299 | for the velocities are solved). The special condition <span style="font-style: italic;">'dirichlet_0'</span> can be used for channel flow, it yields the no-slip condition u(k=nz+1) = ug(nz+1) = 0 and v(k=nz+1) = |
---|
2300 | vg(nz+1) = 0.</p> |
---|
2301 | |
---|
2302 | |
---|
2303 | |
---|
2304 | |
---|
2305 | |
---|
2306 | |
---|
2307 | |
---|
2308 | |
---|
2309 | |
---|
2310 | |
---|
2311 | |
---|
2312 | |
---|
2313 | <p>In the <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean executable, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a> is internally set ('neumann') and does not need to be prescribed.</p> |
---|
2314 | |
---|
2315 | |
---|
2316 | |
---|
2317 | |
---|
2318 | |
---|
2319 | |
---|
2320 | </td> |
---|
2321 | |
---|
2322 | |
---|
2323 | |
---|
2324 | |
---|
2325 | |
---|
2326 | |
---|
2327 | </tr> |
---|
2328 | |
---|
2329 | |
---|
2330 | |
---|
2331 | |
---|
2332 | |
---|
2333 | |
---|
2334 | <tr> |
---|
2335 | |
---|
2336 | |
---|
2337 | |
---|
2338 | |
---|
2339 | |
---|
2340 | |
---|
2341 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="bottom_salinityflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">bottom_salinityflux</span></td> |
---|
2342 | |
---|
2343 | |
---|
2344 | |
---|
2345 | |
---|
2346 | |
---|
2347 | |
---|
2348 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
2349 | |
---|
2350 | |
---|
2351 | |
---|
2352 | |
---|
2353 | |
---|
2354 | |
---|
2355 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
2356 | |
---|
2357 | |
---|
2358 | |
---|
2359 | |
---|
2360 | |
---|
2361 | |
---|
2362 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
2363 | |
---|
2364 | |
---|
2365 | |
---|
2366 | |
---|
2367 | |
---|
2368 | |
---|
2369 | <p>Kinematic salinity flux near the surface (in psu m/s). </p> |
---|
2370 | |
---|
2371 | |
---|
2372 | |
---|
2373 | |
---|
2374 | |
---|
2375 | |
---|
2376 | This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>). |
---|
2377 | |
---|
2378 | |
---|
2379 | |
---|
2380 | |
---|
2381 | |
---|
2382 | |
---|
2383 | <p>The |
---|
2384 | respective salinity flux value is used |
---|
2385 | as bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the salinity equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
---|
2386 | condition must be used for the salinity, which is currently the only available condition.<br> |
---|
2387 | |
---|
2388 | |
---|
2389 | |
---|
2390 | |
---|
2391 | |
---|
2392 | |
---|
2393 | </p> |
---|
2394 | |
---|
2395 | |
---|
2396 | |
---|
2397 | |
---|
2398 | |
---|
2399 | |
---|
2400 | </td> |
---|
2401 | |
---|
2402 | |
---|
2403 | |
---|
2404 | |
---|
2405 | |
---|
2406 | |
---|
2407 | </tr> |
---|
2408 | |
---|
2409 | |
---|
2410 | |
---|
2411 | |
---|
2412 | |
---|
2413 | |
---|
2414 | <tr> |
---|
2415 | |
---|
2416 | |
---|
2417 | |
---|
2418 | |
---|
2419 | |
---|
2420 | |
---|
2421 | |
---|
2422 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_height"></a>building_height</span></td> |
---|
2423 | |
---|
2424 | |
---|
2425 | |
---|
2426 | |
---|
2427 | |
---|
2428 | |
---|
2429 | |
---|
2430 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
2431 | |
---|
2432 | |
---|
2433 | |
---|
2434 | |
---|
2435 | |
---|
2436 | |
---|
2437 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
---|
2438 | |
---|
2439 | |
---|
2440 | |
---|
2441 | |
---|
2442 | |
---|
2443 | |
---|
2444 | <td>Height |
---|
2445 | of a single building in m.<br> |
---|
2446 | |
---|
2447 | |
---|
2448 | |
---|
2449 | |
---|
2450 | |
---|
2451 | |
---|
2452 | <br> |
---|
2453 | |
---|
2454 | |
---|
2455 | |
---|
2456 | |
---|
2457 | |
---|
2458 | |
---|
2459 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_height</span> must |
---|
2460 | be less than the height of the model domain. This parameter requires |
---|
2461 | the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2462 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
---|
2463 | |
---|
2464 | |
---|
2465 | |
---|
2466 | |
---|
2467 | |
---|
2468 | |
---|
2469 | |
---|
2470 | </tr> |
---|
2471 | |
---|
2472 | |
---|
2473 | |
---|
2474 | |
---|
2475 | |
---|
2476 | |
---|
2477 | <tr> |
---|
2478 | |
---|
2479 | |
---|
2480 | |
---|
2481 | |
---|
2482 | |
---|
2483 | |
---|
2484 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_x"></a>building_length_x</span></td> |
---|
2485 | |
---|
2486 | |
---|
2487 | |
---|
2488 | |
---|
2489 | |
---|
2490 | |
---|
2491 | |
---|
2492 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
2493 | |
---|
2494 | |
---|
2495 | |
---|
2496 | |
---|
2497 | |
---|
2498 | |
---|
2499 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
---|
2500 | |
---|
2501 | |
---|
2502 | |
---|
2503 | |
---|
2504 | |
---|
2505 | |
---|
2506 | <td><span style="font-style: italic;"></span>Width of a single |
---|
2507 | building in m.<br> |
---|
2508 | |
---|
2509 | |
---|
2510 | |
---|
2511 | |
---|
2512 | |
---|
2513 | |
---|
2514 | <br> |
---|
2515 | |
---|
2516 | |
---|
2517 | |
---|
2518 | |
---|
2519 | |
---|
2520 | |
---|
2521 | |
---|
2522 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_length_x</span> |
---|
2523 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
---|
2524 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dx">dx</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#nx">nx</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
---|
2525 | </span><span style="font-style: italic;">- <a href="#building_wall_left">building_wall_left</a></span>. |
---|
2526 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2527 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
---|
2528 | |
---|
2529 | |
---|
2530 | |
---|
2531 | |
---|
2532 | |
---|
2533 | |
---|
2534 | |
---|
2535 | </tr> |
---|
2536 | |
---|
2537 | |
---|
2538 | |
---|
2539 | |
---|
2540 | |
---|
2541 | |
---|
2542 | <tr> |
---|
2543 | |
---|
2544 | |
---|
2545 | |
---|
2546 | |
---|
2547 | |
---|
2548 | |
---|
2549 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_length_y"></a>building_length_y</span></td> |
---|
2550 | |
---|
2551 | |
---|
2552 | |
---|
2553 | |
---|
2554 | |
---|
2555 | |
---|
2556 | |
---|
2557 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
2558 | |
---|
2559 | |
---|
2560 | |
---|
2561 | |
---|
2562 | |
---|
2563 | |
---|
2564 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">50.0</span></td> |
---|
2565 | |
---|
2566 | |
---|
2567 | |
---|
2568 | |
---|
2569 | |
---|
2570 | |
---|
2571 | <td>Depth |
---|
2572 | of a single building in m.<br> |
---|
2573 | |
---|
2574 | |
---|
2575 | |
---|
2576 | |
---|
2577 | |
---|
2578 | |
---|
2579 | <br> |
---|
2580 | |
---|
2581 | |
---|
2582 | |
---|
2583 | |
---|
2584 | |
---|
2585 | |
---|
2586 | |
---|
2587 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_length_y</span> |
---|
2588 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
---|
2589 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dy">dy</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#ny">ny</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="#dy">dy</a></span><span style="font-style: italic;"> - <a href="#building_wall_south">building_wall_south</a></span>. This parameter requires |
---|
2590 | the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2591 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.</td> |
---|
2592 | |
---|
2593 | |
---|
2594 | |
---|
2595 | |
---|
2596 | |
---|
2597 | |
---|
2598 | |
---|
2599 | </tr> |
---|
2600 | |
---|
2601 | |
---|
2602 | |
---|
2603 | |
---|
2604 | |
---|
2605 | |
---|
2606 | <tr> |
---|
2607 | |
---|
2608 | |
---|
2609 | |
---|
2610 | |
---|
2611 | |
---|
2612 | |
---|
2613 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_left"></a>building_wall_left</span></td> |
---|
2614 | |
---|
2615 | |
---|
2616 | |
---|
2617 | |
---|
2618 | |
---|
2619 | |
---|
2620 | |
---|
2621 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
2622 | |
---|
2623 | |
---|
2624 | |
---|
2625 | |
---|
2626 | |
---|
2627 | |
---|
2628 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in x-direction</span></td> |
---|
2629 | |
---|
2630 | |
---|
2631 | |
---|
2632 | |
---|
2633 | |
---|
2634 | |
---|
2635 | |
---|
2636 | <td>x-coordinate of the left building wall (distance between the |
---|
2637 | left building wall and the left border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
---|
2638 | |
---|
2639 | |
---|
2640 | |
---|
2641 | |
---|
2642 | |
---|
2643 | |
---|
2644 | |
---|
2645 | <br> |
---|
2646 | |
---|
2647 | |
---|
2648 | |
---|
2649 | |
---|
2650 | |
---|
2651 | |
---|
2652 | |
---|
2653 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_left</span> |
---|
2654 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
---|
2655 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dx">dx</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="#nx">nx</a> |
---|
2656 | - 1 ) * <a href="#dx">dx</a> - <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a></span>. |
---|
2657 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2658 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.<br> |
---|
2659 | |
---|
2660 | |
---|
2661 | |
---|
2662 | |
---|
2663 | |
---|
2664 | |
---|
2665 | |
---|
2666 | <br> |
---|
2667 | |
---|
2668 | |
---|
2669 | |
---|
2670 | |
---|
2671 | |
---|
2672 | |
---|
2673 | |
---|
2674 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_left</span> |
---|
2675 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="#nx">nx</a> + |
---|
2676 | 1 ) * <a href="#dx">dx</a> - <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a> ) / 2</span> |
---|
2677 | centers the building in x-direction. <font color="#000000">Due to the staggered grid the building will be displaced by -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> in x-direction and -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> in y-direction.</font> </td> |
---|
2678 | |
---|
2679 | |
---|
2680 | |
---|
2681 | |
---|
2682 | |
---|
2683 | |
---|
2684 | </tr> |
---|
2685 | |
---|
2686 | |
---|
2687 | |
---|
2688 | |
---|
2689 | |
---|
2690 | |
---|
2691 | <tr> |
---|
2692 | |
---|
2693 | |
---|
2694 | |
---|
2695 | |
---|
2696 | |
---|
2697 | |
---|
2698 | |
---|
2699 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="building_wall_south"></a>building_wall_south</span></td> |
---|
2700 | |
---|
2701 | |
---|
2702 | |
---|
2703 | |
---|
2704 | |
---|
2705 | |
---|
2706 | |
---|
2707 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
2708 | |
---|
2709 | |
---|
2710 | |
---|
2711 | |
---|
2712 | |
---|
2713 | |
---|
2714 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-style: italic;">building centered in y-direction</span></td> |
---|
2715 | |
---|
2716 | |
---|
2717 | |
---|
2718 | |
---|
2719 | |
---|
2720 | |
---|
2721 | |
---|
2722 | <td>y-coordinate of the South building wall (distance between the |
---|
2723 | South building wall and the South border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
---|
2724 | |
---|
2725 | |
---|
2726 | |
---|
2727 | |
---|
2728 | |
---|
2729 | |
---|
2730 | |
---|
2731 | <br> |
---|
2732 | |
---|
2733 | |
---|
2734 | |
---|
2735 | |
---|
2736 | |
---|
2737 | |
---|
2738 | |
---|
2739 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_south</span> |
---|
2740 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
---|
2741 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="#dy">dy</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="#ny">ny</a> |
---|
2742 | - 1 ) * <a href="#dy">dy</a> - <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a></span>. |
---|
2743 | This parameter requires the use of <a href="#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2744 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span>.<br> |
---|
2745 | |
---|
2746 | |
---|
2747 | |
---|
2748 | |
---|
2749 | |
---|
2750 | |
---|
2751 | |
---|
2752 | <br> |
---|
2753 | |
---|
2754 | |
---|
2755 | |
---|
2756 | |
---|
2757 | |
---|
2758 | |
---|
2759 | |
---|
2760 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">building_wall_south</span> |
---|
2761 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="#ny">ny</a> + |
---|
2762 | 1 ) * <a href="#dy">dy</a> - <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a> ) / 2</span> |
---|
2763 | centers the building in y-direction. <font color="#000000">Due to the staggered grid the building will be displaced by -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> in x-direction and -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> in y-direction.</font> </td> |
---|
2764 | |
---|
2765 | |
---|
2766 | |
---|
2767 | |
---|
2768 | |
---|
2769 | |
---|
2770 | </tr> |
---|
2771 | |
---|
2772 | |
---|
2773 | |
---|
2774 | |
---|
2775 | |
---|
2776 | |
---|
2777 | <tr> |
---|
2778 | |
---|
2779 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="canopy_mode"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">canopy_mode</span></td> |
---|
2780 | |
---|
2781 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
2782 | |
---|
2783 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'block'</span></td> |
---|
2784 | |
---|
2785 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Canopy mode.<br> |
---|
2786 | |
---|
2787 | <br> |
---|
2788 | |
---|
2789 | <font color="#000000"> |
---|
2790 | Besides using the default value, that will create a horizontally |
---|
2791 | homogeneous plant canopy that extends over the total horizontal |
---|
2792 | extension of the model domain, the user may add code to the user |
---|
2793 | interface subroutine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_plant_canopy">user_init_plant_canopy</a> |
---|
2794 | to allow further canopy modes. <br> |
---|
2795 | |
---|
2796 | <br> |
---|
2797 | |
---|
2798 | The setting of <a href="#canopy_mode">canopy_mode</a> becomes only active, if <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> has been set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and a non-zero <a href="#drag_coefficient">drag_coefficient</a> has been defined.</font></td> |
---|
2799 | |
---|
2800 | </tr> |
---|
2801 | |
---|
2802 | <tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_height"></a>canyon_height</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;">50.0</td><td>Street canyon height |
---|
2803 | in m.<br> |
---|
2804 | |
---|
2805 | |
---|
2806 | |
---|
2807 | |
---|
2808 | |
---|
2809 | |
---|
2810 | <br> |
---|
2811 | |
---|
2812 | |
---|
2813 | |
---|
2814 | |
---|
2815 | |
---|
2816 | |
---|
2817 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_height</span> must |
---|
2818 | be less than the height of the model domain. This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2819 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_street_canyon'</span>.</td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_width_x"></a>canyon_width_x</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;">9999999.9</td><td>Street canyon width in x-direction in m.<br> |
---|
2820 | |
---|
2821 | |
---|
2822 | |
---|
2823 | |
---|
2824 | |
---|
2825 | |
---|
2826 | <br> |
---|
2827 | |
---|
2828 | |
---|
2829 | |
---|
2830 | |
---|
2831 | |
---|
2832 | |
---|
2833 | |
---|
2834 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_width_x</span> |
---|
2835 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
---|
2836 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> |
---|
2837 | </span><span style="font-style: italic;">- <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_wall_left">canyon_wall_left</a></span>. |
---|
2838 | This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2839 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;">single_street_canyon</span><span style="font-style: italic;">'</span>. A non-default value implies a canyon orientation in y-direction.</td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_width_y"></a>canyon_width_y</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;">9999999.9</td><td>Street canyon width in y-direction in m.<br> |
---|
2840 | |
---|
2841 | |
---|
2842 | |
---|
2843 | |
---|
2844 | |
---|
2845 | |
---|
2846 | <br> |
---|
2847 | |
---|
2848 | |
---|
2849 | |
---|
2850 | |
---|
2851 | |
---|
2852 | |
---|
2853 | |
---|
2854 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_width_y</span> |
---|
2855 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">3 |
---|
2856 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> and no more than <span style="font-style: italic;">( </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a><span style="font-style: italic;"> - 1 ) </span><span style="font-style: italic;"> * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a></span><span style="font-style: italic;"> - <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_wall_south">canyon_wall_south</a></span>. This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2857 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;">single_street_canyon</span>. A non-default value implies a canyon orientation in x-direction.</td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_wall_left"></a>canyon_wall_left</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">canyon centered in x-direction</span></td><td>x-coordinate of the left canyon wall (distance between the |
---|
2858 | left canyon wall and the left border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
---|
2859 | |
---|
2860 | |
---|
2861 | |
---|
2862 | |
---|
2863 | |
---|
2864 | |
---|
2865 | |
---|
2866 | <br> |
---|
2867 | |
---|
2868 | |
---|
2869 | |
---|
2870 | |
---|
2871 | |
---|
2872 | |
---|
2873 | |
---|
2874 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_wall_left</span> |
---|
2875 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
---|
2876 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a> |
---|
2877 | - 1 ) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> - <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_x">canyon_width_x</a></span>. |
---|
2878 | This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2879 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;">single_street_canyon</span><span style="font-style: italic;">'</span>.<br> |
---|
2880 | |
---|
2881 | |
---|
2882 | |
---|
2883 | |
---|
2884 | |
---|
2885 | |
---|
2886 | |
---|
2887 | <br> |
---|
2888 | |
---|
2889 | |
---|
2890 | |
---|
2891 | |
---|
2892 | |
---|
2893 | |
---|
2894 | |
---|
2895 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_wall_left</span> |
---|
2896 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a> + |
---|
2897 | 1 ) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> - <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_x">canyon_width_x</a> ) / 2</span> |
---|
2898 | centers the canyon in x-direction.</td></tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top;"><a name="canyon_wall_south"></a>canyon_wall_south</td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">canyon centered in y-direction</span></td><td>y-coordinate of the South canyon wall (distance between the |
---|
2899 | South canyon wall and the South border of the model domain) in m.<br> |
---|
2900 | |
---|
2901 | |
---|
2902 | |
---|
2903 | |
---|
2904 | |
---|
2905 | |
---|
2906 | |
---|
2907 | <br> |
---|
2908 | |
---|
2909 | |
---|
2910 | |
---|
2911 | |
---|
2912 | |
---|
2913 | |
---|
2914 | |
---|
2915 | Currently, <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_wall_south</span> |
---|
2916 | must be at least <span style="font-style: italic;">1 |
---|
2917 | * </span><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> and less than <span style="font-style: italic;">( <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a> |
---|
2918 | - 1 ) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> - <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_y">canyon_width_y</a></span>. |
---|
2919 | This parameter requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> |
---|
2920 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;">single_street_canyon</span><span style="font-style: italic;">'</span>.<br> |
---|
2921 | |
---|
2922 | |
---|
2923 | |
---|
2924 | |
---|
2925 | |
---|
2926 | |
---|
2927 | |
---|
2928 | <br> |
---|
2929 | |
---|
2930 | |
---|
2931 | |
---|
2932 | |
---|
2933 | |
---|
2934 | |
---|
2935 | |
---|
2936 | The default value <span style="font-weight: bold;">canyon_wall_south</span> |
---|
2937 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">( ( <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ny">ny</a> + |
---|
2938 | 1 ) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> - </span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_length_y"><span style="font-style: italic;"></span></a><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_y">canyon_wid</a><span style="font-style: italic;"><a style="font-style: italic;" href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_y">th_y</a> ) / 2</span> |
---|
2939 | centers the canyon in y-direction.</td></tr><tr> |
---|
2940 | |
---|
2941 | |
---|
2942 | |
---|
2943 | |
---|
2944 | |
---|
2945 | |
---|
2946 | |
---|
2947 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="cloud_droplets"></a>cloud_droplets</span><br> |
---|
2948 | |
---|
2949 | |
---|
2950 | |
---|
2951 | |
---|
2952 | |
---|
2953 | |
---|
2954 | |
---|
2955 | </td> |
---|
2956 | |
---|
2957 | |
---|
2958 | |
---|
2959 | |
---|
2960 | |
---|
2961 | |
---|
2962 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> |
---|
2963 | |
---|
2964 | |
---|
2965 | |
---|
2966 | |
---|
2967 | |
---|
2968 | |
---|
2969 | </td> |
---|
2970 | |
---|
2971 | |
---|
2972 | |
---|
2973 | |
---|
2974 | |
---|
2975 | |
---|
2976 | |
---|
2977 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span><br> |
---|
2978 | |
---|
2979 | |
---|
2980 | |
---|
2981 | |
---|
2982 | |
---|
2983 | |
---|
2984 | </td> |
---|
2985 | |
---|
2986 | |
---|
2987 | |
---|
2988 | |
---|
2989 | |
---|
2990 | |
---|
2991 | |
---|
2992 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on |
---|
2993 | usage of cloud droplets.<br> |
---|
2994 | |
---|
2995 | |
---|
2996 | |
---|
2997 | |
---|
2998 | |
---|
2999 | |
---|
3000 | <br> |
---|
3001 | |
---|
3002 | |
---|
3003 | |
---|
3004 | |
---|
3005 | |
---|
3006 | |
---|
3007 | |
---|
3008 | <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span> |
---|
3009 | |
---|
3010 | |
---|
3011 | |
---|
3012 | |
---|
3013 | Cloud droplets require to use particles (i.e. the NAMELIST group <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">particles_par</span> has to be included in the parameter file<span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>). Then each particle is a representative for a certain number of droplets. The droplet |
---|
3014 | features (number of droplets, initial radius, etc.) can be steered with |
---|
3015 | the respective particle parameters (see e.g. <a href="#chapter_4.2.html#radius">radius</a>). |
---|
3016 | The real number of initial droplets in a grid cell is equal to the |
---|
3017 | initial number of droplets (defined by the particle source parameters <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif"> </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pst"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pst</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psl"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psl</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psr"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psr</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pss"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pss</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psn"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psn</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#psb"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">psb</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdx"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdx</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">, </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdy"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdy</font></span></a> |
---|
3018 | <span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">and |
---|
3019 | </font></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#pdz"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale, serif">pdz</font></span></a><span lang="en-GB"></span><span lang="en-GB"></span>) |
---|
3020 | times the <a href="#initial_weighting_factor">initial_weighting_factor</a>.<br> |
---|
3021 | |
---|
3022 | |
---|
3023 | |
---|
3024 | |
---|
3025 | |
---|
3026 | |
---|
3027 | |
---|
3028 | <br> |
---|
3029 | |
---|
3030 | |
---|
3031 | |
---|
3032 | |
---|
3033 | |
---|
3034 | |
---|
3035 | |
---|
3036 | In case of using cloud droplets, the default condensation scheme in |
---|
3037 | PALM cannot be used, i.e. <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a> |
---|
3038 | must be set <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>.<br> |
---|
3039 | |
---|
3040 | |
---|
3041 | |
---|
3042 | |
---|
3043 | |
---|
3044 | |
---|
3045 | |
---|
3046 | </td> |
---|
3047 | |
---|
3048 | |
---|
3049 | |
---|
3050 | |
---|
3051 | |
---|
3052 | |
---|
3053 | </tr> |
---|
3054 | |
---|
3055 | |
---|
3056 | |
---|
3057 | |
---|
3058 | |
---|
3059 | |
---|
3060 | <tr> |
---|
3061 | |
---|
3062 | |
---|
3063 | |
---|
3064 | |
---|
3065 | |
---|
3066 | |
---|
3067 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3068 | |
---|
3069 | |
---|
3070 | |
---|
3071 | |
---|
3072 | |
---|
3073 | |
---|
3074 | <p><a name="cloud_physics"></a><b>cloud_physics</b></p> |
---|
3075 | |
---|
3076 | |
---|
3077 | |
---|
3078 | |
---|
3079 | |
---|
3080 | |
---|
3081 | |
---|
3082 | </td> |
---|
3083 | |
---|
3084 | |
---|
3085 | |
---|
3086 | |
---|
3087 | |
---|
3088 | |
---|
3089 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L<br> |
---|
3090 | |
---|
3091 | |
---|
3092 | |
---|
3093 | |
---|
3094 | |
---|
3095 | |
---|
3096 | </td> |
---|
3097 | |
---|
3098 | |
---|
3099 | |
---|
3100 | |
---|
3101 | |
---|
3102 | |
---|
3103 | |
---|
3104 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
---|
3105 | |
---|
3106 | |
---|
3107 | |
---|
3108 | |
---|
3109 | |
---|
3110 | |
---|
3111 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3112 | |
---|
3113 | |
---|
3114 | |
---|
3115 | |
---|
3116 | |
---|
3117 | |
---|
3118 | <p>Parameter to switch |
---|
3119 | on the condensation scheme. </p> |
---|
3120 | |
---|
3121 | |
---|
3122 | |
---|
3123 | |
---|
3124 | |
---|
3125 | |
---|
3126 | |
---|
3127 | For <b>cloud_physics =</b> <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>, equations |
---|
3128 | for the |
---|
3129 | liquid water |
---|
3130 | content and the liquid water potential temperature are solved instead |
---|
3131 | of those for specific humidity and potential temperature. Note |
---|
3132 | that a grid volume is assumed to be either completely saturated or |
---|
3133 | completely |
---|
3134 | unsaturated (0%-or-100%-scheme). A simple precipitation scheme can |
---|
3135 | additionally be switched on with parameter <a href="#precipitation">precipitation</a>. |
---|
3136 | Also cloud-top cooling by longwave radiation can be utilized (see <a href="#radiation">radiation</a>)<br> |
---|
3137 | |
---|
3138 | |
---|
3139 | |
---|
3140 | |
---|
3141 | |
---|
3142 | |
---|
3143 | <b><br> |
---|
3144 | |
---|
3145 | |
---|
3146 | |
---|
3147 | |
---|
3148 | |
---|
3149 | |
---|
3150 | |
---|
3151 | cloud_physics =</b> <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE. |
---|
3152 | </span>requires <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> |
---|
3153 | =<span style="font-style: italic;"> .TRUE.</span> .<br> |
---|
3154 | |
---|
3155 | |
---|
3156 | |
---|
3157 | |
---|
3158 | |
---|
3159 | |
---|
3160 | |
---|
3161 | Detailed information about the condensation scheme is given in the |
---|
3162 | description of the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM-1/Dokumentationen/Cloud_physics/wolken.pdf">cloud |
---|
3163 | physics module</a> (pdf-file, only in German).<br> |
---|
3164 | |
---|
3165 | |
---|
3166 | |
---|
3167 | |
---|
3168 | |
---|
3169 | |
---|
3170 | <br> |
---|
3171 | |
---|
3172 | |
---|
3173 | |
---|
3174 | |
---|
3175 | |
---|
3176 | |
---|
3177 | |
---|
3178 | This condensation scheme is not allowed if cloud droplets are simulated |
---|
3179 | explicitly (see <a href="#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a>).<br> |
---|
3180 | |
---|
3181 | |
---|
3182 | |
---|
3183 | |
---|
3184 | |
---|
3185 | |
---|
3186 | |
---|
3187 | </td> |
---|
3188 | |
---|
3189 | |
---|
3190 | |
---|
3191 | |
---|
3192 | |
---|
3193 | |
---|
3194 | </tr> |
---|
3195 | |
---|
3196 | |
---|
3197 | |
---|
3198 | |
---|
3199 | |
---|
3200 | |
---|
3201 | <tr> |
---|
3202 | |
---|
3203 | |
---|
3204 | |
---|
3205 | |
---|
3206 | |
---|
3207 | |
---|
3208 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="conserve_volume_flow"></a>conserve_volume_flow</span></td> |
---|
3209 | |
---|
3210 | |
---|
3211 | |
---|
3212 | |
---|
3213 | |
---|
3214 | |
---|
3215 | |
---|
3216 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
3217 | |
---|
3218 | |
---|
3219 | |
---|
3220 | |
---|
3221 | |
---|
3222 | |
---|
3223 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
---|
3224 | |
---|
3225 | |
---|
3226 | |
---|
3227 | |
---|
3228 | |
---|
3229 | |
---|
3230 | <td>Conservation |
---|
3231 | of volume flow in x- and y-direction.<br> |
---|
3232 | |
---|
3233 | |
---|
3234 | |
---|
3235 | |
---|
3236 | |
---|
3237 | |
---|
3238 | <br> |
---|
3239 | |
---|
3240 | |
---|
3241 | |
---|
3242 | |
---|
3243 | |
---|
3244 | |
---|
3245 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow</span> |
---|
3246 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> |
---|
3247 | guarantees that the volume flow through the xz- and yz-cross-sections of |
---|
3248 | the total model domain remains constant throughout the run depending on the chosen <a href="#conserve_volume_flow_mode">conserve_volume_flow_mode</a>.<br><br>Note that <span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow</span> |
---|
3249 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> requires <a href="#dp_external">dp_external</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span> .<br> |
---|
3250 | |
---|
3251 | |
---|
3252 | |
---|
3253 | |
---|
3254 | |
---|
3255 | |
---|
3256 | |
---|
3257 | </td> |
---|
3258 | |
---|
3259 | |
---|
3260 | |
---|
3261 | |
---|
3262 | |
---|
3263 | |
---|
3264 | </tr> |
---|
3265 | |
---|
3266 | |
---|
3267 | |
---|
3268 | |
---|
3269 | |
---|
3270 | |
---|
3271 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="conserve_volume_flow_mode"></a>conserve_volume_flow_mode</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 16</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'default'</span></td><td>Modus of volume flow conservation.<br><br>The following values are allowed:<br><p style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'default'</span> |
---|
3272 | </p> |
---|
3273 | |
---|
3274 | |
---|
3275 | |
---|
3276 | |
---|
3277 | |
---|
3278 | |
---|
3279 | |
---|
3280 | |
---|
3281 | |
---|
3282 | |
---|
3283 | |
---|
3284 | |
---|
3285 | |
---|
3286 | <ul><p>Per default, PALM uses <span style="font-style: italic;">'initial_profiles'</span> for cyclic lateral boundary conditions (<a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span> and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span>) and <span style="font-style: italic;">'inflow_profile'</span> for non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> /= <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span> or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a> /= <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span>).</p></ul> |
---|
3287 | |
---|
3288 | |
---|
3289 | |
---|
3290 | |
---|
3291 | |
---|
3292 | |
---|
3293 | |
---|
3294 | |
---|
3295 | |
---|
3296 | |
---|
3297 | |
---|
3298 | |
---|
3299 | |
---|
3300 | <p style="font-style: italic;">'initial_profiles' </p> |
---|
3301 | |
---|
3302 | |
---|
3303 | |
---|
3304 | |
---|
3305 | |
---|
3306 | |
---|
3307 | |
---|
3308 | |
---|
3309 | |
---|
3310 | |
---|
3311 | |
---|
3312 | |
---|
3313 | |
---|
3314 | <ul><p>The |
---|
3315 | target volume flow is calculated at t=0 from the initial profiles |
---|
3316 | of u and v. This setting is only allowed for cyclic lateral |
---|
3317 | boundary conditions (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span>).</p></ul> |
---|
3318 | |
---|
3319 | |
---|
3320 | |
---|
3321 | |
---|
3322 | |
---|
3323 | |
---|
3324 | |
---|
3325 | |
---|
3326 | |
---|
3327 | |
---|
3328 | |
---|
3329 | |
---|
3330 | |
---|
3331 | <p style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'inflow_profile'</span> |
---|
3332 | </p> |
---|
3333 | |
---|
3334 | |
---|
3335 | |
---|
3336 | |
---|
3337 | |
---|
3338 | |
---|
3339 | |
---|
3340 | |
---|
3341 | |
---|
3342 | |
---|
3343 | |
---|
3344 | |
---|
3345 | |
---|
3346 | <ul><p>The |
---|
3347 | target volume flow is calculated at every timestep from the |
---|
3348 | inflow profile of u or v, respectively. This setting is only |
---|
3349 | allowed for non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> /= <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span> or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a> /= <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span>).</p></ul> |
---|
3350 | |
---|
3351 | |
---|
3352 | |
---|
3353 | |
---|
3354 | |
---|
3355 | |
---|
3356 | |
---|
3357 | |
---|
3358 | |
---|
3359 | |
---|
3360 | |
---|
3361 | |
---|
3362 | |
---|
3363 | <p style="font-style: italic;">'bulk_velocity' </p> |
---|
3364 | |
---|
3365 | |
---|
3366 | |
---|
3367 | |
---|
3368 | |
---|
3369 | |
---|
3370 | |
---|
3371 | |
---|
3372 | |
---|
3373 | |
---|
3374 | |
---|
3375 | |
---|
3376 | |
---|
3377 | <ul><p>The target volume flow is calculated from a predefined bulk velocity (see <a href="#u_bulk">u_bulk</a> and <a href="#v_bulk">v_bulk</a>). This setting is only allowed for cyclic lateral boundary conditions (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic'</span>).</p></ul> |
---|
3378 | |
---|
3379 | |
---|
3380 | |
---|
3381 | |
---|
3382 | |
---|
3383 | |
---|
3384 | |
---|
3385 | |
---|
3386 | |
---|
3387 | |
---|
3388 | |
---|
3389 | |
---|
3390 | |
---|
3391 | <span style="font-style: italic;"></span>Note that <span style="font-weight: bold;">conserve_volume_flow_mode</span> |
---|
3392 | only comes into effect if <a href="#conserve_volume_flow">conserve_volume_flow</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. .</span> </td></tr> |
---|
3393 | |
---|
3394 | <tr> |
---|
3395 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="coupling_start_time"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">coupling_start_time</span></td> |
---|
3396 | |
---|
3397 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
3398 | |
---|
3399 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
3400 | |
---|
3401 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Simulation time of precursor run. |
---|
3402 | <br> |
---|
3403 | <br> |
---|
3404 | Sets the time period a precursor run shall run uncoupled. This |
---|
3405 | parameter is used to set up the precursor run control for |
---|
3406 | atmosphere-ocean-coupled runs. It has to be set individually to the |
---|
3407 | atmospheric / oceanic precursor run. The time in the data output will |
---|
3408 | show negative values during the precursor run. See documentation for |
---|
3409 | further information. </td> |
---|
3410 | |
---|
3411 | </tr> |
---|
3412 | |
---|
3413 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="cthf"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">cthf</span></td> |
---|
3414 | |
---|
3415 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
3416 | |
---|
3417 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
3418 | |
---|
3419 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Average heat flux that is prescribed at the top of the plant canopy.<br> |
---|
3420 | |
---|
3421 | |
---|
3422 | <br> |
---|
3423 | |
---|
3424 | |
---|
3425 | If <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, the user can prescribe a heat flux at the top of the plant canopy.<br> |
---|
3426 | |
---|
3427 | |
---|
3428 | It is assumed that solar radiation penetrates the canopy and warms the |
---|
3429 | foliage which, in turn, warms the air in contact with it. <br> |
---|
3430 | |
---|
3431 | |
---|
3432 | Note: Instead of using the value prescribed by <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>, |
---|
3433 | the near surface heat flux is determined from an exponential function |
---|
3434 | that is dependent on the cumulative leaf_area_index (Shaw and Schumann |
---|
3435 | (1992, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 61, 47-64)).</td> |
---|
3436 | |
---|
3437 | </tr> |
---|
3438 | |
---|
3439 | <tr> |
---|
3440 | |
---|
3441 | |
---|
3442 | |
---|
3443 | |
---|
3444 | |
---|
3445 | |
---|
3446 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3447 | |
---|
3448 | |
---|
3449 | |
---|
3450 | |
---|
3451 | |
---|
3452 | |
---|
3453 | <p><a name="cut_spline_overshoot"></a><b>cut_spline_overshoot</b></p> |
---|
3454 | |
---|
3455 | |
---|
3456 | |
---|
3457 | |
---|
3458 | |
---|
3459 | |
---|
3460 | |
---|
3461 | </td> |
---|
3462 | |
---|
3463 | |
---|
3464 | |
---|
3465 | |
---|
3466 | |
---|
3467 | |
---|
3468 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
3469 | |
---|
3470 | |
---|
3471 | |
---|
3472 | |
---|
3473 | |
---|
3474 | |
---|
3475 | |
---|
3476 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span></td> |
---|
3477 | |
---|
3478 | |
---|
3479 | |
---|
3480 | |
---|
3481 | |
---|
3482 | |
---|
3483 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3484 | |
---|
3485 | |
---|
3486 | |
---|
3487 | |
---|
3488 | |
---|
3489 | |
---|
3490 | <p>Cuts off of |
---|
3491 | so-called overshoots, which can occur with the |
---|
3492 | upstream-spline scheme. </p> |
---|
3493 | |
---|
3494 | |
---|
3495 | |
---|
3496 | |
---|
3497 | |
---|
3498 | |
---|
3499 | |
---|
3500 | |
---|
3501 | |
---|
3502 | |
---|
3503 | |
---|
3504 | |
---|
3505 | |
---|
3506 | <p><font color="#000000">The cubic splines tend to overshoot in |
---|
3507 | case of discontinuous changes of variables between neighbouring grid |
---|
3508 | points.</font><font color="#ff0000"> </font><font color="#000000">This |
---|
3509 | may lead to errors in calculating the advection tendency.</font> |
---|
3510 | Choice |
---|
3511 | of <b>cut_spline_overshoot</b> = <i>.TRUE.</i> |
---|
3512 | (switched on by |
---|
3513 | default) |
---|
3514 | allows variable values not to exceed an interval defined by the |
---|
3515 | respective adjacent grid points. This interval can be adjusted |
---|
3516 | seperately for every prognostic variable (see initialization parameters |
---|
3517 | <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_pt">overshoot_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#overshoot_limit_u">overshoot_limit_u</a>, |
---|
3518 | etc.). This might be necessary in case that the |
---|
3519 | default interval has a non-tolerable effect on the model |
---|
3520 | results. </p> |
---|
3521 | |
---|
3522 | |
---|
3523 | |
---|
3524 | |
---|
3525 | |
---|
3526 | |
---|
3527 | |
---|
3528 | |
---|
3529 | |
---|
3530 | |
---|
3531 | |
---|
3532 | |
---|
3533 | |
---|
3534 | <p>Overshoots may also be removed |
---|
3535 | using the parameters <a href="#ups_limit_e">ups_limit_e</a>, |
---|
3536 | <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, |
---|
3537 | etc. as well as by applying a long-filter (see <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>).</p> |
---|
3538 | |
---|
3539 | |
---|
3540 | |
---|
3541 | |
---|
3542 | |
---|
3543 | |
---|
3544 | |
---|
3545 | </td> |
---|
3546 | |
---|
3547 | |
---|
3548 | |
---|
3549 | |
---|
3550 | |
---|
3551 | |
---|
3552 | </tr> |
---|
3553 | |
---|
3554 | |
---|
3555 | |
---|
3556 | |
---|
3557 | |
---|
3558 | |
---|
3559 | <tr> |
---|
3560 | |
---|
3561 | |
---|
3562 | |
---|
3563 | |
---|
3564 | |
---|
3565 | |
---|
3566 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3567 | |
---|
3568 | |
---|
3569 | |
---|
3570 | |
---|
3571 | |
---|
3572 | |
---|
3573 | <p><a name="damp_level_1d"></a><b>damp_level_1d</b></p> |
---|
3574 | |
---|
3575 | |
---|
3576 | |
---|
3577 | |
---|
3578 | |
---|
3579 | |
---|
3580 | |
---|
3581 | </td> |
---|
3582 | |
---|
3583 | |
---|
3584 | |
---|
3585 | |
---|
3586 | |
---|
3587 | |
---|
3588 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
3589 | |
---|
3590 | |
---|
3591 | |
---|
3592 | |
---|
3593 | |
---|
3594 | |
---|
3595 | |
---|
3596 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">zu(nz+1)</span></td> |
---|
3597 | |
---|
3598 | |
---|
3599 | |
---|
3600 | |
---|
3601 | |
---|
3602 | |
---|
3603 | |
---|
3604 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3605 | |
---|
3606 | |
---|
3607 | |
---|
3608 | |
---|
3609 | |
---|
3610 | |
---|
3611 | <p>Height where |
---|
3612 | the damping layer begins in the 1d-model |
---|
3613 | (in m). </p> |
---|
3614 | |
---|
3615 | |
---|
3616 | |
---|
3617 | |
---|
3618 | |
---|
3619 | |
---|
3620 | |
---|
3621 | |
---|
3622 | |
---|
3623 | |
---|
3624 | |
---|
3625 | |
---|
3626 | |
---|
3627 | <p>This parameter is used to |
---|
3628 | switch on a damping layer for the |
---|
3629 | 1d-model, which is generally needed for the damping of inertia |
---|
3630 | oscillations. Damping is done by gradually increasing the value |
---|
3631 | of the eddy diffusivities about 10% per vertical grid level |
---|
3632 | (starting with the value at the height given by <b>damp_level_1d</b>, |
---|
3633 | or possibly from the next grid pint above), i.e. K<sub>m</sub>(k+1) |
---|
3634 | = |
---|
3635 | 1.1 * K<sub>m</sub>(k). |
---|
3636 | The values of K<sub>m</sub> are limited to 10 m**2/s at |
---|
3637 | maximum. <br> |
---|
3638 | |
---|
3639 | |
---|
3640 | |
---|
3641 | |
---|
3642 | |
---|
3643 | |
---|
3644 | |
---|
3645 | This parameter only comes into effect if the 1d-model is switched on |
---|
3646 | for |
---|
3647 | the initialization of the 3d-model using <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
3648 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>. |
---|
3649 | <br> |
---|
3650 | |
---|
3651 | |
---|
3652 | |
---|
3653 | |
---|
3654 | |
---|
3655 | |
---|
3656 | </p> |
---|
3657 | |
---|
3658 | |
---|
3659 | |
---|
3660 | |
---|
3661 | |
---|
3662 | |
---|
3663 | </td> |
---|
3664 | |
---|
3665 | |
---|
3666 | |
---|
3667 | |
---|
3668 | |
---|
3669 | |
---|
3670 | </tr> |
---|
3671 | |
---|
3672 | |
---|
3673 | |
---|
3674 | |
---|
3675 | |
---|
3676 | |
---|
3677 | <tr> |
---|
3678 | |
---|
3679 | |
---|
3680 | |
---|
3681 | |
---|
3682 | |
---|
3683 | |
---|
3684 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dissipation_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span><br> |
---|
3685 | |
---|
3686 | |
---|
3687 | |
---|
3688 | |
---|
3689 | |
---|
3690 | |
---|
3691 | |
---|
3692 | </td> |
---|
3693 | |
---|
3694 | |
---|
3695 | |
---|
3696 | |
---|
3697 | |
---|
3698 | |
---|
3699 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
---|
3700 | |
---|
3701 | |
---|
3702 | |
---|
3703 | |
---|
3704 | |
---|
3705 | |
---|
3706 | |
---|
3707 | </td> |
---|
3708 | |
---|
3709 | |
---|
3710 | |
---|
3711 | |
---|
3712 | |
---|
3713 | |
---|
3714 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
3715 | |
---|
3716 | |
---|
3717 | |
---|
3718 | |
---|
3719 | |
---|
3720 | |
---|
3721 | <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br> |
---|
3722 | |
---|
3723 | |
---|
3724 | |
---|
3725 | |
---|
3726 | |
---|
3727 | |
---|
3728 | </td> |
---|
3729 | |
---|
3730 | |
---|
3731 | |
---|
3732 | |
---|
3733 | |
---|
3734 | |
---|
3735 | |
---|
3736 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Calculation method for |
---|
3737 | the energy dissipation term in the TKE equation of the 1d-model.<br> |
---|
3738 | |
---|
3739 | |
---|
3740 | |
---|
3741 | |
---|
3742 | |
---|
3743 | |
---|
3744 | |
---|
3745 | <br> |
---|
3746 | |
---|
3747 | |
---|
3748 | |
---|
3749 | |
---|
3750 | |
---|
3751 | |
---|
3752 | |
---|
3753 | By default the dissipation is calculated as in the 3d-model using diss |
---|
3754 | = (0.19 + 0.74 * l / l_grid) * e**1.5 / l.<br> |
---|
3755 | |
---|
3756 | |
---|
3757 | |
---|
3758 | |
---|
3759 | |
---|
3760 | |
---|
3761 | <br> |
---|
3762 | |
---|
3763 | |
---|
3764 | |
---|
3765 | |
---|
3766 | |
---|
3767 | |
---|
3768 | |
---|
3769 | Setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">dissipation_1d</span> |
---|
3770 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'detering'</span> |
---|
3771 | forces the dissipation to be calculated as diss = 0.064 * e**1.5 / l.<br> |
---|
3772 | |
---|
3773 | |
---|
3774 | |
---|
3775 | |
---|
3776 | |
---|
3777 | |
---|
3778 | |
---|
3779 | </td> |
---|
3780 | |
---|
3781 | |
---|
3782 | |
---|
3783 | |
---|
3784 | |
---|
3785 | |
---|
3786 | </tr> |
---|
3787 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dp_external"></a><b>dp_external</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">.F.</td><td>External pressure gradient switch.<br><br>This |
---|
3788 | parameter is used to switch on/off an external pressure gradient as |
---|
3789 | driving force. The external pressure gradient is controlled by the |
---|
3790 | parameters <a href="#dp_smooth">dp_smooth</a>, <a href="#dp_level_b">dp_level_b</a> and <a href="#dpdxy">dpdxy</a>.<br><br>Note that <span style="font-weight: bold;">dp_external</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> requires <a href="#conserve_volume_flow">conserve_volume_flow</a> =<span style="font-style: italic;"> .F. </span>It is normally recommended to disable the Coriolis force by setting <a href="#omega">omega</a> = 0.0.</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dp_smooth"></a><b>dp_smooth</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">.F.</td><td>Vertically smooth the external pressure gradient using a sinusoidal smoothing function.<br><br>This parameter only applies if <a href="#dp_external">dp_external</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. </span>. It is useful in combination with <a href="#dp_level_b">dp_level_b</a> >> 0 to generate a non-accelerated boundary layer well below <a href="#dp_level_b">dp_level_b</a>.</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dp_level_b"></a><b>dp_level_b</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top; font-style: italic;">0.0</td><td><font size="3">Lower |
---|
3791 | limit of the vertical range for which the external pressure gradient is applied (</font>in <font size="3">m).</font><br><br>This parameter only applies if <a href="#dp_external">dp_external</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. </span><span lang="en-GB">It |
---|
3792 | must hold the condition zu(0) <= <b>dp_level_b</b> |
---|
3793 | <= zu(</span><a href="#nz"><span lang="en-GB">nz</span></a><span lang="en-GB">)</span><span lang="en-GB">. </span>It can be used in combination with <a href="#dp_smooth">dp_smooth</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> to generate a non-accelerated boundary layer well below <span style="font-weight: bold;">dp_level_b</span> if <span style="font-weight: bold;">dp_level_b</span> >> 0.<br><br>Note |
---|
3794 | that there is no upper limit of the vertical range because the external |
---|
3795 | pressure gradient is always applied up to the top of the model domain.</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="dpdxy"></a><b>dpdxy</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R(2)</td><td style="font-style: italic; vertical-align: top;">2 * 0.0</td><td>Values of the external pressure gradient applied in x- and y-direction, respectively (in Pa/m).<br><br>This parameter only applies if <a href="#dp_external">dp_external</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. </span>It sets the pressure gradient values. Negative values mean an acceleration, positive values mean deceleration. For example, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dpdxy</span> = -0.0002, 0.0, drives the flow in positive x-direction, <span lang="en-GB"></span></td></tr> |
---|
3796 | |
---|
3797 | |
---|
3798 | |
---|
3799 | |
---|
3800 | |
---|
3801 | |
---|
3802 | <tr> |
---|
3803 | |
---|
3804 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="drag_coefficient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">drag_coefficient</span></td> |
---|
3805 | |
---|
3806 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
3807 | |
---|
3808 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
3809 | |
---|
3810 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Drag coefficient used in the plant canopy model.<br> |
---|
3811 | |
---|
3812 | <br> |
---|
3813 | |
---|
3814 | This parameter has to be non-zero, if the parameter <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>.</td> |
---|
3815 | |
---|
3816 | </tr> |
---|
3817 | |
---|
3818 | <tr> |
---|
3819 | |
---|
3820 | |
---|
3821 | |
---|
3822 | |
---|
3823 | |
---|
3824 | |
---|
3825 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3826 | |
---|
3827 | |
---|
3828 | |
---|
3829 | |
---|
3830 | |
---|
3831 | |
---|
3832 | <p><a name="dt"></a><b>dt</b></p> |
---|
3833 | |
---|
3834 | |
---|
3835 | |
---|
3836 | |
---|
3837 | |
---|
3838 | |
---|
3839 | </td> |
---|
3840 | |
---|
3841 | |
---|
3842 | |
---|
3843 | |
---|
3844 | |
---|
3845 | |
---|
3846 | |
---|
3847 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
3848 | |
---|
3849 | |
---|
3850 | |
---|
3851 | |
---|
3852 | |
---|
3853 | |
---|
3854 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">variable</span></td> |
---|
3855 | |
---|
3856 | |
---|
3857 | |
---|
3858 | |
---|
3859 | |
---|
3860 | |
---|
3861 | |
---|
3862 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
3863 | |
---|
3864 | |
---|
3865 | |
---|
3866 | |
---|
3867 | |
---|
3868 | |
---|
3869 | <p>Time step for |
---|
3870 | the 3d-model (in s). </p> |
---|
3871 | |
---|
3872 | |
---|
3873 | |
---|
3874 | |
---|
3875 | |
---|
3876 | |
---|
3877 | |
---|
3878 | |
---|
3879 | |
---|
3880 | |
---|
3881 | |
---|
3882 | |
---|
3883 | |
---|
3884 | <p>By default, (i.e. |
---|
3885 | if a Runge-Kutta scheme is used, see <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>) |
---|
3886 | the value of the time step is calculating after each time step |
---|
3887 | (following the time step criteria) and |
---|
3888 | used for the next step.</p> |
---|
3889 | |
---|
3890 | |
---|
3891 | |
---|
3892 | |
---|
3893 | |
---|
3894 | |
---|
3895 | |
---|
3896 | |
---|
3897 | |
---|
3898 | |
---|
3899 | |
---|
3900 | |
---|
3901 | |
---|
3902 | <p>If the user assigns <b>dt</b> |
---|
3903 | a value, then the time step is |
---|
3904 | fixed to this value throughout the whole run (whether it fulfills the |
---|
3905 | time step |
---|
3906 | criteria or not). However, changes are allowed for restart runs, |
---|
3907 | because <b>dt</b> can also be used as a <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_laufparameter">run |
---|
3908 | parameter</a>. </p> |
---|
3909 | |
---|
3910 | |
---|
3911 | |
---|
3912 | |
---|
3913 | |
---|
3914 | |
---|
3915 | |
---|
3916 | |
---|
3917 | |
---|
3918 | |
---|
3919 | |
---|
3920 | |
---|
3921 | |
---|
3922 | <p>In case that the |
---|
3923 | calculated time step meets the condition<br> |
---|
3924 | |
---|
3925 | |
---|
3926 | |
---|
3927 | |
---|
3928 | |
---|
3929 | |
---|
3930 | </p> |
---|
3931 | |
---|
3932 | |
---|
3933 | |
---|
3934 | |
---|
3935 | |
---|
3936 | |
---|
3937 | |
---|
3938 | |
---|
3939 | |
---|
3940 | |
---|
3941 | |
---|
3942 | |
---|
3943 | |
---|
3944 | <ul> |
---|
3945 | |
---|
3946 | |
---|
3947 | |
---|
3948 | |
---|
3949 | |
---|
3950 | |
---|
3951 | |
---|
3952 | |
---|
3953 | |
---|
3954 | |
---|
3955 | |
---|
3956 | |
---|
3957 | |
---|
3958 | <p><b>dt</b> < 0.00001 * <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_max">dt_max</a> (with dt_max |
---|
3959 | = 20.0)</p> |
---|
3960 | |
---|
3961 | |
---|
3962 | |
---|
3963 | |
---|
3964 | |
---|
3965 | |
---|
3966 | |
---|
3967 | |
---|
3968 | |
---|
3969 | |
---|
3970 | |
---|
3971 | |
---|
3972 | |
---|
3973 | </ul> |
---|
3974 | |
---|
3975 | |
---|
3976 | |
---|
3977 | |
---|
3978 | |
---|
3979 | |
---|
3980 | |
---|
3981 | |
---|
3982 | |
---|
3983 | |
---|
3984 | |
---|
3985 | |
---|
3986 | |
---|
3987 | <p>the simulation will be |
---|
3988 | aborted. Such situations usually arise |
---|
3989 | in case of any numerical problem / instability which causes a |
---|
3990 | non-realistic increase of the wind speed. </p> |
---|
3991 | |
---|
3992 | |
---|
3993 | |
---|
3994 | |
---|
3995 | |
---|
3996 | |
---|
3997 | |
---|
3998 | |
---|
3999 | |
---|
4000 | |
---|
4001 | |
---|
4002 | |
---|
4003 | |
---|
4004 | <p>A |
---|
4005 | small time step due to a large mean horizontal windspeed |
---|
4006 | speed may be enlarged by using a coordinate transformation (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
---|
4007 | in order to spare CPU time.<br> |
---|
4008 | |
---|
4009 | |
---|
4010 | |
---|
4011 | |
---|
4012 | |
---|
4013 | |
---|
4014 | </p> |
---|
4015 | |
---|
4016 | |
---|
4017 | |
---|
4018 | |
---|
4019 | |
---|
4020 | |
---|
4021 | |
---|
4022 | |
---|
4023 | |
---|
4024 | |
---|
4025 | |
---|
4026 | |
---|
4027 | |
---|
4028 | <p>If the |
---|
4029 | leapfrog timestep scheme is used (see <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>) |
---|
4030 | a temporary time step value dt_new is calculated first, with dt_new = <a href="chapter_4.2.html#fcl_factor">cfl_factor</a> |
---|
4031 | * dt_crit where dt_crit is the maximum timestep allowed by the CFL and |
---|
4032 | diffusion condition. Next it is examined whether dt_new exceeds or |
---|
4033 | falls below the |
---|
4034 | value of the previous timestep by at |
---|
4035 | least +5 % / -2%. If it is smaller, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt</span> |
---|
4036 | = dt_new is immediately used for the next timestep. If it is larger, |
---|
4037 | then <span style="font-weight: bold;">dt </span>= |
---|
4038 | 1.02 * dt_prev |
---|
4039 | (previous timestep) is used as the new timestep, however the time |
---|
4040 | step is only increased if the last change of the time step is dated |
---|
4041 | back at |
---|
4042 | least 30 iterations. If dt_new is located in the interval mentioned |
---|
4043 | above, then dt |
---|
4044 | does not change at all. By doing so, permanent time step changes as |
---|
4045 | well as large |
---|
4046 | sudden changes (increases) in the time step are avoided.</p> |
---|
4047 | |
---|
4048 | |
---|
4049 | |
---|
4050 | |
---|
4051 | |
---|
4052 | |
---|
4053 | </td> |
---|
4054 | |
---|
4055 | |
---|
4056 | |
---|
4057 | |
---|
4058 | |
---|
4059 | |
---|
4060 | |
---|
4061 | </tr> |
---|
4062 | |
---|
4063 | |
---|
4064 | |
---|
4065 | |
---|
4066 | |
---|
4067 | |
---|
4068 | <tr> |
---|
4069 | |
---|
4070 | |
---|
4071 | |
---|
4072 | |
---|
4073 | |
---|
4074 | |
---|
4075 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4076 | |
---|
4077 | |
---|
4078 | |
---|
4079 | |
---|
4080 | |
---|
4081 | |
---|
4082 | <p><a name="dt_pr_1d"></a><b>dt_pr_1d</b></p> |
---|
4083 | |
---|
4084 | |
---|
4085 | |
---|
4086 | |
---|
4087 | |
---|
4088 | |
---|
4089 | |
---|
4090 | </td> |
---|
4091 | |
---|
4092 | |
---|
4093 | |
---|
4094 | |
---|
4095 | |
---|
4096 | |
---|
4097 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4098 | |
---|
4099 | |
---|
4100 | |
---|
4101 | |
---|
4102 | |
---|
4103 | |
---|
4104 | |
---|
4105 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td> |
---|
4106 | |
---|
4107 | |
---|
4108 | |
---|
4109 | |
---|
4110 | |
---|
4111 | |
---|
4112 | |
---|
4113 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4114 | |
---|
4115 | |
---|
4116 | |
---|
4117 | |
---|
4118 | |
---|
4119 | |
---|
4120 | <p>Temporal |
---|
4121 | interval of vertical profile output of the 1D-model |
---|
4122 | (in s). </p> |
---|
4123 | |
---|
4124 | |
---|
4125 | |
---|
4126 | |
---|
4127 | |
---|
4128 | |
---|
4129 | |
---|
4130 | |
---|
4131 | |
---|
4132 | |
---|
4133 | |
---|
4134 | |
---|
4135 | |
---|
4136 | <p>Data are written in ASCII |
---|
4137 | format to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#LIST_PROFIL_1D">LIST_PROFIL_1D</a>. |
---|
4138 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model has been switched on |
---|
4139 | for the |
---|
4140 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
4141 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
---|
4142 | |
---|
4143 | |
---|
4144 | |
---|
4145 | |
---|
4146 | |
---|
4147 | |
---|
4148 | |
---|
4149 | </td> |
---|
4150 | |
---|
4151 | |
---|
4152 | |
---|
4153 | |
---|
4154 | |
---|
4155 | |
---|
4156 | </tr> |
---|
4157 | |
---|
4158 | |
---|
4159 | |
---|
4160 | |
---|
4161 | |
---|
4162 | |
---|
4163 | <tr> |
---|
4164 | |
---|
4165 | |
---|
4166 | |
---|
4167 | |
---|
4168 | |
---|
4169 | |
---|
4170 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4171 | |
---|
4172 | |
---|
4173 | |
---|
4174 | |
---|
4175 | |
---|
4176 | |
---|
4177 | <p><a name="dt_run_control_1d"></a><b>dt_run_control_1d</b></p> |
---|
4178 | |
---|
4179 | |
---|
4180 | |
---|
4181 | |
---|
4182 | |
---|
4183 | |
---|
4184 | |
---|
4185 | </td> |
---|
4186 | |
---|
4187 | |
---|
4188 | |
---|
4189 | |
---|
4190 | |
---|
4191 | |
---|
4192 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4193 | |
---|
4194 | |
---|
4195 | |
---|
4196 | |
---|
4197 | |
---|
4198 | |
---|
4199 | |
---|
4200 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">60.0</span></td> |
---|
4201 | |
---|
4202 | |
---|
4203 | |
---|
4204 | |
---|
4205 | |
---|
4206 | |
---|
4207 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4208 | |
---|
4209 | |
---|
4210 | |
---|
4211 | |
---|
4212 | |
---|
4213 | |
---|
4214 | <p>Temporal interval of |
---|
4215 | runtime control output of the 1d-model |
---|
4216 | (in s). </p> |
---|
4217 | |
---|
4218 | |
---|
4219 | |
---|
4220 | |
---|
4221 | |
---|
4222 | |
---|
4223 | |
---|
4224 | |
---|
4225 | |
---|
4226 | |
---|
4227 | |
---|
4228 | |
---|
4229 | |
---|
4230 | <p>Data are written in ASCII |
---|
4231 | format to file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>. |
---|
4232 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model is switched on for the |
---|
4233 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
4234 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
---|
4235 | |
---|
4236 | |
---|
4237 | |
---|
4238 | |
---|
4239 | |
---|
4240 | |
---|
4241 | |
---|
4242 | </td> |
---|
4243 | |
---|
4244 | |
---|
4245 | |
---|
4246 | |
---|
4247 | |
---|
4248 | |
---|
4249 | </tr> |
---|
4250 | |
---|
4251 | |
---|
4252 | |
---|
4253 | |
---|
4254 | |
---|
4255 | |
---|
4256 | <tr> |
---|
4257 | |
---|
4258 | |
---|
4259 | |
---|
4260 | |
---|
4261 | |
---|
4262 | |
---|
4263 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4264 | |
---|
4265 | |
---|
4266 | |
---|
4267 | |
---|
4268 | |
---|
4269 | |
---|
4270 | <p><a name="dx"></a><b>dx</b></p> |
---|
4271 | |
---|
4272 | |
---|
4273 | |
---|
4274 | |
---|
4275 | |
---|
4276 | |
---|
4277 | |
---|
4278 | </td> |
---|
4279 | |
---|
4280 | |
---|
4281 | |
---|
4282 | |
---|
4283 | |
---|
4284 | |
---|
4285 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4286 | |
---|
4287 | |
---|
4288 | |
---|
4289 | |
---|
4290 | |
---|
4291 | |
---|
4292 | |
---|
4293 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td> |
---|
4294 | |
---|
4295 | |
---|
4296 | |
---|
4297 | |
---|
4298 | |
---|
4299 | |
---|
4300 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4301 | |
---|
4302 | |
---|
4303 | |
---|
4304 | |
---|
4305 | |
---|
4306 | |
---|
4307 | <p>Horizontal grid |
---|
4308 | spacing along the x-direction (in m). </p> |
---|
4309 | |
---|
4310 | |
---|
4311 | |
---|
4312 | |
---|
4313 | |
---|
4314 | |
---|
4315 | |
---|
4316 | |
---|
4317 | |
---|
4318 | |
---|
4319 | |
---|
4320 | |
---|
4321 | |
---|
4322 | <p>Along |
---|
4323 | x-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p> |
---|
4324 | |
---|
4325 | |
---|
4326 | |
---|
4327 | |
---|
4328 | |
---|
4329 | |
---|
4330 | |
---|
4331 | |
---|
4332 | |
---|
4333 | |
---|
4334 | |
---|
4335 | |
---|
4336 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
---|
4337 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
---|
4338 | |
---|
4339 | |
---|
4340 | |
---|
4341 | |
---|
4342 | |
---|
4343 | |
---|
4344 | </td> |
---|
4345 | |
---|
4346 | |
---|
4347 | |
---|
4348 | |
---|
4349 | |
---|
4350 | |
---|
4351 | |
---|
4352 | </tr> |
---|
4353 | |
---|
4354 | |
---|
4355 | |
---|
4356 | |
---|
4357 | |
---|
4358 | |
---|
4359 | <tr> |
---|
4360 | |
---|
4361 | |
---|
4362 | |
---|
4363 | |
---|
4364 | |
---|
4365 | |
---|
4366 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4367 | |
---|
4368 | |
---|
4369 | |
---|
4370 | |
---|
4371 | |
---|
4372 | |
---|
4373 | <p><a name="dy"></a><b>dy</b></p> |
---|
4374 | |
---|
4375 | |
---|
4376 | |
---|
4377 | |
---|
4378 | |
---|
4379 | |
---|
4380 | |
---|
4381 | </td> |
---|
4382 | |
---|
4383 | |
---|
4384 | |
---|
4385 | |
---|
4386 | |
---|
4387 | |
---|
4388 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4389 | |
---|
4390 | |
---|
4391 | |
---|
4392 | |
---|
4393 | |
---|
4394 | |
---|
4395 | |
---|
4396 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.0</span></td> |
---|
4397 | |
---|
4398 | |
---|
4399 | |
---|
4400 | |
---|
4401 | |
---|
4402 | |
---|
4403 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4404 | |
---|
4405 | |
---|
4406 | |
---|
4407 | |
---|
4408 | |
---|
4409 | |
---|
4410 | <p>Horizontal grid |
---|
4411 | spacing along the y-direction (in m). </p> |
---|
4412 | |
---|
4413 | |
---|
4414 | |
---|
4415 | |
---|
4416 | |
---|
4417 | |
---|
4418 | |
---|
4419 | |
---|
4420 | |
---|
4421 | |
---|
4422 | |
---|
4423 | |
---|
4424 | |
---|
4425 | <p>Along y-direction only a constant grid spacing is allowed.</p> |
---|
4426 | |
---|
4427 | |
---|
4428 | |
---|
4429 | |
---|
4430 | |
---|
4431 | |
---|
4432 | |
---|
4433 | |
---|
4434 | |
---|
4435 | |
---|
4436 | |
---|
4437 | |
---|
4438 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
---|
4439 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
---|
4440 | |
---|
4441 | |
---|
4442 | |
---|
4443 | |
---|
4444 | |
---|
4445 | |
---|
4446 | </td> |
---|
4447 | |
---|
4448 | |
---|
4449 | |
---|
4450 | |
---|
4451 | |
---|
4452 | |
---|
4453 | |
---|
4454 | </tr> |
---|
4455 | |
---|
4456 | |
---|
4457 | |
---|
4458 | |
---|
4459 | |
---|
4460 | |
---|
4461 | <tr> |
---|
4462 | |
---|
4463 | |
---|
4464 | |
---|
4465 | |
---|
4466 | |
---|
4467 | |
---|
4468 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4469 | |
---|
4470 | |
---|
4471 | |
---|
4472 | |
---|
4473 | |
---|
4474 | |
---|
4475 | <p><a name="dz"></a><b>dz</b></p> |
---|
4476 | |
---|
4477 | |
---|
4478 | |
---|
4479 | |
---|
4480 | |
---|
4481 | |
---|
4482 | |
---|
4483 | </td> |
---|
4484 | |
---|
4485 | |
---|
4486 | |
---|
4487 | |
---|
4488 | |
---|
4489 | |
---|
4490 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4491 | |
---|
4492 | |
---|
4493 | |
---|
4494 | |
---|
4495 | |
---|
4496 | |
---|
4497 | |
---|
4498 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
---|
4499 | |
---|
4500 | |
---|
4501 | |
---|
4502 | |
---|
4503 | |
---|
4504 | |
---|
4505 | </td> |
---|
4506 | |
---|
4507 | |
---|
4508 | |
---|
4509 | |
---|
4510 | |
---|
4511 | |
---|
4512 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4513 | |
---|
4514 | |
---|
4515 | |
---|
4516 | |
---|
4517 | |
---|
4518 | |
---|
4519 | <p>Vertical grid |
---|
4520 | spacing (in m). </p> |
---|
4521 | |
---|
4522 | |
---|
4523 | |
---|
4524 | |
---|
4525 | |
---|
4526 | |
---|
4527 | |
---|
4528 | |
---|
4529 | |
---|
4530 | |
---|
4531 | |
---|
4532 | |
---|
4533 | |
---|
4534 | <p>This parameter must be |
---|
4535 | assigned by the user, because no |
---|
4536 | default value is given.<br> |
---|
4537 | |
---|
4538 | |
---|
4539 | |
---|
4540 | |
---|
4541 | |
---|
4542 | |
---|
4543 | </p> |
---|
4544 | |
---|
4545 | |
---|
4546 | |
---|
4547 | |
---|
4548 | |
---|
4549 | |
---|
4550 | |
---|
4551 | |
---|
4552 | |
---|
4553 | |
---|
4554 | |
---|
4555 | |
---|
4556 | |
---|
4557 | <p>By default, the |
---|
4558 | model uses constant grid spacing along z-direction, but it can be |
---|
4559 | stretched using the parameters <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a> |
---|
4560 | and <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a>. |
---|
4561 | In case of stretching, a maximum allowed grid spacing can be given by <a href="#dz_max">dz_max</a>.<br> |
---|
4562 | |
---|
4563 | |
---|
4564 | |
---|
4565 | |
---|
4566 | |
---|
4567 | |
---|
4568 | </p> |
---|
4569 | |
---|
4570 | |
---|
4571 | |
---|
4572 | |
---|
4573 | |
---|
4574 | |
---|
4575 | |
---|
4576 | |
---|
4577 | |
---|
4578 | |
---|
4579 | |
---|
4580 | |
---|
4581 | |
---|
4582 | <p>Assuming |
---|
4583 | a constant <span style="font-weight: bold;">dz</span>, |
---|
4584 | the scalar levels (zu) are calculated directly by: </p> |
---|
4585 | |
---|
4586 | |
---|
4587 | |
---|
4588 | |
---|
4589 | |
---|
4590 | |
---|
4591 | |
---|
4592 | |
---|
4593 | |
---|
4594 | |
---|
4595 | |
---|
4596 | |
---|
4597 | |
---|
4598 | <ul> |
---|
4599 | |
---|
4600 | |
---|
4601 | |
---|
4602 | |
---|
4603 | |
---|
4604 | |
---|
4605 | |
---|
4606 | |
---|
4607 | |
---|
4608 | |
---|
4609 | |
---|
4610 | |
---|
4611 | |
---|
4612 | <p>zu(0) = - dz * 0.5 <br> |
---|
4613 | |
---|
4614 | |
---|
4615 | |
---|
4616 | |
---|
4617 | |
---|
4618 | |
---|
4619 | |
---|
4620 | zu(1) = dz * 0.5</p> |
---|
4621 | |
---|
4622 | |
---|
4623 | |
---|
4624 | |
---|
4625 | |
---|
4626 | |
---|
4627 | |
---|
4628 | |
---|
4629 | |
---|
4630 | |
---|
4631 | |
---|
4632 | |
---|
4633 | |
---|
4634 | </ul> |
---|
4635 | |
---|
4636 | |
---|
4637 | |
---|
4638 | |
---|
4639 | |
---|
4640 | |
---|
4641 | |
---|
4642 | |
---|
4643 | |
---|
4644 | |
---|
4645 | |
---|
4646 | |
---|
4647 | |
---|
4648 | <p>The w-levels lie |
---|
4649 | half between them: </p> |
---|
4650 | |
---|
4651 | |
---|
4652 | |
---|
4653 | |
---|
4654 | |
---|
4655 | |
---|
4656 | |
---|
4657 | |
---|
4658 | |
---|
4659 | |
---|
4660 | |
---|
4661 | |
---|
4662 | |
---|
4663 | <ul> |
---|
4664 | |
---|
4665 | |
---|
4666 | |
---|
4667 | |
---|
4668 | |
---|
4669 | |
---|
4670 | |
---|
4671 | |
---|
4672 | |
---|
4673 | |
---|
4674 | |
---|
4675 | |
---|
4676 | |
---|
4677 | <p>zw(k) = |
---|
4678 | ( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5</p> |
---|
4679 | |
---|
4680 | |
---|
4681 | |
---|
4682 | |
---|
4683 | |
---|
4684 | |
---|
4685 | |
---|
4686 | |
---|
4687 | |
---|
4688 | |
---|
4689 | |
---|
4690 | |
---|
4691 | |
---|
4692 | </ul> |
---|
4693 | |
---|
4694 | |
---|
4695 | |
---|
4696 | |
---|
4697 | |
---|
4698 | |
---|
4699 | </td> |
---|
4700 | |
---|
4701 | |
---|
4702 | |
---|
4703 | |
---|
4704 | |
---|
4705 | |
---|
4706 | </tr> |
---|
4707 | |
---|
4708 | |
---|
4709 | |
---|
4710 | |
---|
4711 | |
---|
4712 | |
---|
4713 | |
---|
4714 | <tr> |
---|
4715 | |
---|
4716 | |
---|
4717 | |
---|
4718 | |
---|
4719 | |
---|
4720 | |
---|
4721 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="dz_max"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span></td> |
---|
4722 | |
---|
4723 | |
---|
4724 | |
---|
4725 | |
---|
4726 | |
---|
4727 | |
---|
4728 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4729 | |
---|
4730 | |
---|
4731 | |
---|
4732 | |
---|
4733 | |
---|
4734 | |
---|
4735 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">9999999.9</span></td> |
---|
4736 | |
---|
4737 | |
---|
4738 | |
---|
4739 | |
---|
4740 | |
---|
4741 | |
---|
4742 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Allowed maximum vertical grid |
---|
4743 | spacing (in m).<br> |
---|
4744 | |
---|
4745 | |
---|
4746 | |
---|
4747 | |
---|
4748 | |
---|
4749 | |
---|
4750 | <br> |
---|
4751 | |
---|
4752 | |
---|
4753 | |
---|
4754 | |
---|
4755 | |
---|
4756 | |
---|
4757 | If the vertical grid is stretched |
---|
4758 | (see <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a> |
---|
4759 | and <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>), |
---|
4760 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">dz_max</span> can |
---|
4761 | be used to limit the vertical grid spacing.</td> |
---|
4762 | |
---|
4763 | |
---|
4764 | |
---|
4765 | |
---|
4766 | |
---|
4767 | |
---|
4768 | </tr> |
---|
4769 | |
---|
4770 | |
---|
4771 | |
---|
4772 | |
---|
4773 | |
---|
4774 | |
---|
4775 | <tr> |
---|
4776 | |
---|
4777 | |
---|
4778 | |
---|
4779 | |
---|
4780 | |
---|
4781 | |
---|
4782 | |
---|
4783 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4784 | |
---|
4785 | |
---|
4786 | |
---|
4787 | |
---|
4788 | |
---|
4789 | |
---|
4790 | <p><a name="dz_stretch_factor"></a><b>dz_stretch_factor</b></p> |
---|
4791 | |
---|
4792 | |
---|
4793 | |
---|
4794 | |
---|
4795 | |
---|
4796 | |
---|
4797 | |
---|
4798 | </td> |
---|
4799 | |
---|
4800 | |
---|
4801 | |
---|
4802 | |
---|
4803 | |
---|
4804 | |
---|
4805 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4806 | |
---|
4807 | |
---|
4808 | |
---|
4809 | |
---|
4810 | |
---|
4811 | |
---|
4812 | |
---|
4813 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">1.08</span></td> |
---|
4814 | |
---|
4815 | |
---|
4816 | |
---|
4817 | |
---|
4818 | |
---|
4819 | |
---|
4820 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4821 | |
---|
4822 | |
---|
4823 | |
---|
4824 | |
---|
4825 | |
---|
4826 | |
---|
4827 | <p>Stretch factor for a |
---|
4828 | vertically stretched grid (see <a href="#dz_stretch_level">dz_stretch_level</a>). |
---|
4829 | </p> |
---|
4830 | |
---|
4831 | |
---|
4832 | |
---|
4833 | |
---|
4834 | |
---|
4835 | |
---|
4836 | |
---|
4837 | |
---|
4838 | |
---|
4839 | |
---|
4840 | |
---|
4841 | |
---|
4842 | |
---|
4843 | <p>The stretch factor should not exceed a value of |
---|
4844 | approx. 1.10 - |
---|
4845 | 1.12, otherwise the discretization errors due to the stretched grid not |
---|
4846 | negligible any more. (refer Kalnay de Rivas)</p> |
---|
4847 | |
---|
4848 | |
---|
4849 | |
---|
4850 | |
---|
4851 | |
---|
4852 | |
---|
4853 | </td> |
---|
4854 | |
---|
4855 | |
---|
4856 | |
---|
4857 | |
---|
4858 | |
---|
4859 | |
---|
4860 | </tr> |
---|
4861 | |
---|
4862 | |
---|
4863 | |
---|
4864 | |
---|
4865 | |
---|
4866 | |
---|
4867 | |
---|
4868 | <tr> |
---|
4869 | |
---|
4870 | |
---|
4871 | |
---|
4872 | |
---|
4873 | |
---|
4874 | |
---|
4875 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4876 | |
---|
4877 | |
---|
4878 | |
---|
4879 | |
---|
4880 | |
---|
4881 | |
---|
4882 | <p><a name="dz_stretch_level"></a><b>dz_stretch_level</b></p> |
---|
4883 | |
---|
4884 | |
---|
4885 | |
---|
4886 | |
---|
4887 | |
---|
4888 | |
---|
4889 | |
---|
4890 | </td> |
---|
4891 | |
---|
4892 | |
---|
4893 | |
---|
4894 | |
---|
4895 | |
---|
4896 | |
---|
4897 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
4898 | |
---|
4899 | |
---|
4900 | |
---|
4901 | |
---|
4902 | |
---|
4903 | |
---|
4904 | |
---|
4905 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">100000.0</span><br> |
---|
4906 | |
---|
4907 | |
---|
4908 | |
---|
4909 | |
---|
4910 | |
---|
4911 | |
---|
4912 | </td> |
---|
4913 | |
---|
4914 | |
---|
4915 | |
---|
4916 | |
---|
4917 | |
---|
4918 | |
---|
4919 | |
---|
4920 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
4921 | |
---|
4922 | |
---|
4923 | |
---|
4924 | |
---|
4925 | |
---|
4926 | |
---|
4927 | <p>Height level |
---|
4928 | above/below which the grid is to be stretched |
---|
4929 | vertically (in m). </p> |
---|
4930 | |
---|
4931 | |
---|
4932 | |
---|
4933 | |
---|
4934 | |
---|
4935 | |
---|
4936 | |
---|
4937 | |
---|
4938 | |
---|
4939 | |
---|
4940 | |
---|
4941 | |
---|
4942 | |
---|
4943 | <p>For <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a> = .F., <b>dz_stretch_level </b>is the height level (in m) <span style="font-weight: bold;">above </span>which the grid is to be stretched |
---|
4944 | vertically. The vertical grid |
---|
4945 | spacings <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
---|
4946 | above this level are calculated as </p> |
---|
4947 | |
---|
4948 | |
---|
4949 | |
---|
4950 | |
---|
4951 | |
---|
4952 | |
---|
4953 | |
---|
4954 | |
---|
4955 | |
---|
4956 | |
---|
4957 | |
---|
4958 | |
---|
4959 | |
---|
4960 | <ul> |
---|
4961 | |
---|
4962 | |
---|
4963 | |
---|
4964 | |
---|
4965 | |
---|
4966 | |
---|
4967 | |
---|
4968 | |
---|
4969 | |
---|
4970 | |
---|
4971 | |
---|
4972 | |
---|
4973 | |
---|
4974 | <p><b>dz</b>(k+1) |
---|
4975 | = <b>dz</b>(k) * <a href="#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a></p> |
---|
4976 | |
---|
4977 | |
---|
4978 | |
---|
4979 | |
---|
4980 | |
---|
4981 | |
---|
4982 | |
---|
4983 | |
---|
4984 | |
---|
4985 | |
---|
4986 | |
---|
4987 | |
---|
4988 | |
---|
4989 | </ul> |
---|
4990 | |
---|
4991 | |
---|
4992 | |
---|
4993 | |
---|
4994 | |
---|
4995 | |
---|
4996 | |
---|
4997 | |
---|
4998 | |
---|
4999 | |
---|
5000 | |
---|
5001 | |
---|
5002 | |
---|
5003 | <p>and used as spacings for the scalar levels (zu). |
---|
5004 | The |
---|
5005 | w-levels are then defined as: </p> |
---|
5006 | |
---|
5007 | |
---|
5008 | |
---|
5009 | |
---|
5010 | |
---|
5011 | |
---|
5012 | |
---|
5013 | |
---|
5014 | |
---|
5015 | |
---|
5016 | |
---|
5017 | |
---|
5018 | |
---|
5019 | <ul> |
---|
5020 | |
---|
5021 | |
---|
5022 | |
---|
5023 | |
---|
5024 | |
---|
5025 | |
---|
5026 | |
---|
5027 | |
---|
5028 | |
---|
5029 | |
---|
5030 | |
---|
5031 | |
---|
5032 | |
---|
5033 | <p>zw(k) |
---|
5034 | = ( zu(k) + zu(k+1) ) * 0.5. |
---|
5035 | |
---|
5036 | |
---|
5037 | |
---|
5038 | </p> |
---|
5039 | |
---|
5040 | |
---|
5041 | |
---|
5042 | |
---|
5043 | |
---|
5044 | |
---|
5045 | |
---|
5046 | |
---|
5047 | </ul> |
---|
5048 | |
---|
5049 | |
---|
5050 | |
---|
5051 | |
---|
5052 | |
---|
5053 | |
---|
5054 | |
---|
5055 | |
---|
5056 | <p>For <a href="#ocean">ocean</a> = .T., <b>dz_stretch_level </b>is the height level (in m, negative) <span style="font-weight: bold;">below</span> which the grid is to be stretched |
---|
5057 | vertically. The vertical grid |
---|
5058 | spacings <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz">dz</a> below this level are calculated correspondingly as |
---|
5059 | |
---|
5060 | |
---|
5061 | |
---|
5062 | </p> |
---|
5063 | |
---|
5064 | |
---|
5065 | |
---|
5066 | |
---|
5067 | |
---|
5068 | |
---|
5069 | |
---|
5070 | |
---|
5071 | <ul> |
---|
5072 | |
---|
5073 | |
---|
5074 | |
---|
5075 | |
---|
5076 | |
---|
5077 | |
---|
5078 | |
---|
5079 | |
---|
5080 | <p><b>dz</b>(k-1) |
---|
5081 | = <b>dz</b>(k) * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dz_stretch_factor">dz_stretch_factor</a>.</p> |
---|
5082 | |
---|
5083 | |
---|
5084 | |
---|
5085 | |
---|
5086 | |
---|
5087 | |
---|
5088 | |
---|
5089 | |
---|
5090 | </ul> |
---|
5091 | |
---|
5092 | |
---|
5093 | |
---|
5094 | |
---|
5095 | |
---|
5096 | |
---|
5097 | </td> |
---|
5098 | |
---|
5099 | |
---|
5100 | |
---|
5101 | |
---|
5102 | |
---|
5103 | |
---|
5104 | </tr> |
---|
5105 | |
---|
5106 | |
---|
5107 | |
---|
5108 | |
---|
5109 | |
---|
5110 | |
---|
5111 | |
---|
5112 | <tr> |
---|
5113 | |
---|
5114 | |
---|
5115 | |
---|
5116 | |
---|
5117 | |
---|
5118 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="e_init"></a>e_init</span></td> |
---|
5119 | |
---|
5120 | |
---|
5121 | |
---|
5122 | |
---|
5123 | |
---|
5124 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
5125 | |
---|
5126 | |
---|
5127 | |
---|
5128 | |
---|
5129 | |
---|
5130 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
5131 | |
---|
5132 | |
---|
5133 | |
---|
5134 | |
---|
5135 | |
---|
5136 | <td>Initial subgrid-scale TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.<br> |
---|
5137 | |
---|
5138 | |
---|
5139 | |
---|
5140 | |
---|
5141 | |
---|
5142 | |
---|
5143 | |
---|
5144 | <br> |
---|
5145 | |
---|
5146 | |
---|
5147 | |
---|
5148 | |
---|
5149 | |
---|
5150 | |
---|
5151 | This |
---|
5152 | option prescribes an initial subgrid-scale TKE from which the initial diffusion coefficients K<sub>m</sub> and K<sub>h</sub> will be calculated if <span style="font-weight: bold;">e_init</span> is positive. This option only has an effect if <a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a> is not set.</td> |
---|
5153 | |
---|
5154 | |
---|
5155 | |
---|
5156 | |
---|
5157 | |
---|
5158 | </tr> |
---|
5159 | |
---|
5160 | |
---|
5161 | |
---|
5162 | |
---|
5163 | |
---|
5164 | <tr> |
---|
5165 | |
---|
5166 | |
---|
5167 | |
---|
5168 | |
---|
5169 | |
---|
5170 | |
---|
5171 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="e_min"></a>e_min</span></td> |
---|
5172 | |
---|
5173 | |
---|
5174 | |
---|
5175 | |
---|
5176 | |
---|
5177 | |
---|
5178 | |
---|
5179 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
5180 | |
---|
5181 | |
---|
5182 | |
---|
5183 | |
---|
5184 | |
---|
5185 | |
---|
5186 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
5187 | |
---|
5188 | |
---|
5189 | |
---|
5190 | |
---|
5191 | |
---|
5192 | |
---|
5193 | <td>Minimum |
---|
5194 | subgrid-scale TKE in m<sup>2</sup>s<sup>-2</sup>.<br> |
---|
5195 | |
---|
5196 | |
---|
5197 | |
---|
5198 | |
---|
5199 | |
---|
5200 | |
---|
5201 | |
---|
5202 | <br> |
---|
5203 | |
---|
5204 | |
---|
5205 | |
---|
5206 | |
---|
5207 | |
---|
5208 | |
---|
5209 | This |
---|
5210 | option adds artificial viscosity to the flow by ensuring that |
---|
5211 | the |
---|
5212 | subgrid-scale TKE does not fall below the minimum threshold <span style="font-weight: bold;">e_min</span>.</td> |
---|
5213 | |
---|
5214 | |
---|
5215 | |
---|
5216 | |
---|
5217 | |
---|
5218 | |
---|
5219 | </tr> |
---|
5220 | |
---|
5221 | |
---|
5222 | |
---|
5223 | |
---|
5224 | |
---|
5225 | |
---|
5226 | |
---|
5227 | <tr> |
---|
5228 | |
---|
5229 | |
---|
5230 | |
---|
5231 | |
---|
5232 | |
---|
5233 | |
---|
5234 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
5235 | |
---|
5236 | |
---|
5237 | |
---|
5238 | |
---|
5239 | |
---|
5240 | |
---|
5241 | <p><a name="end_time_1d"></a><b>end_time_1d</b></p> |
---|
5242 | |
---|
5243 | |
---|
5244 | |
---|
5245 | |
---|
5246 | |
---|
5247 | |
---|
5248 | |
---|
5249 | </td> |
---|
5250 | |
---|
5251 | |
---|
5252 | |
---|
5253 | |
---|
5254 | |
---|
5255 | |
---|
5256 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
5257 | |
---|
5258 | |
---|
5259 | |
---|
5260 | |
---|
5261 | |
---|
5262 | |
---|
5263 | |
---|
5264 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">864000.0</span><br> |
---|
5265 | |
---|
5266 | |
---|
5267 | |
---|
5268 | |
---|
5269 | |
---|
5270 | |
---|
5271 | </td> |
---|
5272 | |
---|
5273 | |
---|
5274 | |
---|
5275 | |
---|
5276 | |
---|
5277 | |
---|
5278 | |
---|
5279 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
5280 | |
---|
5281 | |
---|
5282 | |
---|
5283 | |
---|
5284 | |
---|
5285 | |
---|
5286 | <p>Time to be |
---|
5287 | simulated for the 1d-model (in s). </p> |
---|
5288 | |
---|
5289 | |
---|
5290 | |
---|
5291 | |
---|
5292 | |
---|
5293 | |
---|
5294 | |
---|
5295 | |
---|
5296 | |
---|
5297 | |
---|
5298 | |
---|
5299 | |
---|
5300 | |
---|
5301 | <p>The |
---|
5302 | default value corresponds to a simulated time of 10 days. |
---|
5303 | Usually, after such a period the inertia oscillations have completely |
---|
5304 | decayed and the solution of the 1d-model can be regarded as stationary |
---|
5305 | (see <a href="#damp_level_1d">damp_level_1d</a>). |
---|
5306 | This parameter is only in effect if the 1d-model is switched on for the |
---|
5307 | initialization of the 3d-model with <a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
5308 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span>.</p> |
---|
5309 | |
---|
5310 | |
---|
5311 | |
---|
5312 | |
---|
5313 | |
---|
5314 | |
---|
5315 | |
---|
5316 | </td> |
---|
5317 | |
---|
5318 | |
---|
5319 | |
---|
5320 | |
---|
5321 | |
---|
5322 | |
---|
5323 | </tr> |
---|
5324 | |
---|
5325 | |
---|
5326 | |
---|
5327 | |
---|
5328 | |
---|
5329 | |
---|
5330 | <tr> |
---|
5331 | |
---|
5332 | |
---|
5333 | |
---|
5334 | |
---|
5335 | |
---|
5336 | |
---|
5337 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
5338 | |
---|
5339 | |
---|
5340 | |
---|
5341 | |
---|
5342 | |
---|
5343 | |
---|
5344 | <p><a name="fft_method"></a><b>fft_method</b></p> |
---|
5345 | |
---|
5346 | |
---|
5347 | |
---|
5348 | |
---|
5349 | |
---|
5350 | |
---|
5351 | |
---|
5352 | </td> |
---|
5353 | |
---|
5354 | |
---|
5355 | |
---|
5356 | |
---|
5357 | |
---|
5358 | |
---|
5359 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
5360 | |
---|
5361 | |
---|
5362 | |
---|
5363 | |
---|
5364 | |
---|
5365 | |
---|
5366 | |
---|
5367 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'system-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
5368 | |
---|
5369 | |
---|
5370 | |
---|
5371 | |
---|
5372 | |
---|
5373 | |
---|
5374 | <span style="font-style: italic;">specific'</span></td> |
---|
5375 | |
---|
5376 | |
---|
5377 | |
---|
5378 | |
---|
5379 | |
---|
5380 | |
---|
5381 | |
---|
5382 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
5383 | |
---|
5384 | |
---|
5385 | |
---|
5386 | |
---|
5387 | |
---|
5388 | |
---|
5389 | <p>FFT-method to |
---|
5390 | be used.<br> |
---|
5391 | |
---|
5392 | |
---|
5393 | |
---|
5394 | |
---|
5395 | |
---|
5396 | |
---|
5397 | </p> |
---|
5398 | |
---|
5399 | |
---|
5400 | |
---|
5401 | |
---|
5402 | |
---|
5403 | |
---|
5404 | |
---|
5405 | |
---|
5406 | |
---|
5407 | |
---|
5408 | |
---|
5409 | |
---|
5410 | |
---|
5411 | <p><br> |
---|
5412 | |
---|
5413 | |
---|
5414 | |
---|
5415 | |
---|
5416 | |
---|
5417 | |
---|
5418 | |
---|
5419 | The fast fourier transformation (FFT) is used for solving the |
---|
5420 | perturbation pressure equation with a direct method (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
---|
5421 | and for calculating power spectra (see optional software packages, |
---|
5422 | section <a href="chapter_4.2.html#spectra_package">4.2</a>).</p> |
---|
5423 | |
---|
5424 | |
---|
5425 | |
---|
5426 | |
---|
5427 | |
---|
5428 | |
---|
5429 | |
---|
5430 | |
---|
5431 | |
---|
5432 | |
---|
5433 | |
---|
5434 | |
---|
5435 | |
---|
5436 | <p><br> |
---|
5437 | |
---|
5438 | |
---|
5439 | |
---|
5440 | |
---|
5441 | |
---|
5442 | |
---|
5443 | |
---|
5444 | By default, system-specific, optimized routines from external |
---|
5445 | vendor libraries are used. However, these are available only on certain |
---|
5446 | computers and there are more or less severe restrictions concerning the |
---|
5447 | number of gridpoints to be used with them.<br> |
---|
5448 | |
---|
5449 | |
---|
5450 | |
---|
5451 | |
---|
5452 | |
---|
5453 | |
---|
5454 | </p> |
---|
5455 | |
---|
5456 | |
---|
5457 | |
---|
5458 | |
---|
5459 | |
---|
5460 | |
---|
5461 | |
---|
5462 | |
---|
5463 | |
---|
5464 | |
---|
5465 | |
---|
5466 | |
---|
5467 | |
---|
5468 | <p>There |
---|
5469 | are two other PALM internal methods available on every |
---|
5470 | machine (their respective source code is part of the PALM source code):</p> |
---|
5471 | |
---|
5472 | |
---|
5473 | |
---|
5474 | |
---|
5475 | |
---|
5476 | |
---|
5477 | |
---|
5478 | |
---|
5479 | |
---|
5480 | |
---|
5481 | |
---|
5482 | |
---|
5483 | |
---|
5484 | <p>1.: The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Temperton</span>-method |
---|
5485 | from Clive Temperton (ECWMF) which is computationally very fast and |
---|
5486 | switched on with <b>fft_method</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'temperton-algorithm'</span>. |
---|
5487 | The number of horizontal gridpoints (nx+1, ny+1) to be used with this |
---|
5488 | method must be composed of prime factors 2, 3 and 5.<br> |
---|
5489 | |
---|
5490 | |
---|
5491 | |
---|
5492 | |
---|
5493 | |
---|
5494 | |
---|
5495 | </p> |
---|
5496 | |
---|
5497 | |
---|
5498 | |
---|
5499 | |
---|
5500 | |
---|
5501 | |
---|
5502 | |
---|
5503 | 2.: The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Singleton</span>-method |
---|
5504 | which is very slow but has no restrictions concerning the number of |
---|
5505 | gridpoints to be used with, switched on with <b>fft_method</b> |
---|
5506 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'singleton-algorithm'</span>. |
---|
5507 | </td> |
---|
5508 | |
---|
5509 | |
---|
5510 | |
---|
5511 | |
---|
5512 | |
---|
5513 | |
---|
5514 | </tr> |
---|
5515 | |
---|
5516 | |
---|
5517 | |
---|
5518 | |
---|
5519 | |
---|
5520 | |
---|
5521 | <tr> |
---|
5522 | |
---|
5523 | |
---|
5524 | |
---|
5525 | |
---|
5526 | |
---|
5527 | |
---|
5528 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
5529 | |
---|
5530 | |
---|
5531 | |
---|
5532 | |
---|
5533 | |
---|
5534 | |
---|
5535 | <p><a name="galilei_transformation"></a><b>galilei_transformation</b></p> |
---|
5536 | |
---|
5537 | |
---|
5538 | |
---|
5539 | |
---|
5540 | |
---|
5541 | |
---|
5542 | |
---|
5543 | </td> |
---|
5544 | |
---|
5545 | |
---|
5546 | |
---|
5547 | |
---|
5548 | |
---|
5549 | |
---|
5550 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
5551 | |
---|
5552 | |
---|
5553 | |
---|
5554 | |
---|
5555 | |
---|
5556 | |
---|
5557 | |
---|
5558 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
---|
5559 | |
---|
5560 | |
---|
5561 | |
---|
5562 | |
---|
5563 | |
---|
5564 | |
---|
5565 | |
---|
5566 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Application of a |
---|
5567 | Galilei-transformation to the |
---|
5568 | coordinate |
---|
5569 | system of the model.<br> |
---|
5570 | |
---|
5571 | |
---|
5572 | |
---|
5573 | |
---|
5574 | |
---|
5575 | |
---|
5576 | |
---|
5577 | |
---|
5578 | |
---|
5579 | |
---|
5580 | |
---|
5581 | |
---|
5582 | <p>With <b>galilei_transformation</b> |
---|
5583 | = <i>.T.,</i> a so-called |
---|
5584 | Galilei-transformation is switched on which ensures that the coordinate |
---|
5585 | system of the model is moved along with the geostrophical wind. |
---|
5586 | Alternatively, the model domain can be moved along with the averaged |
---|
5587 | horizontal wind (see <a href="#use_ug_for_galilei_tr">use_ug_for_galilei_tr</a>, |
---|
5588 | this can and will naturally change in time). With this method, |
---|
5589 | numerical inaccuracies of the Piascek - Williams - scheme (concerns in |
---|
5590 | particular the momentum advection) are minimized. Beyond that, in the |
---|
5591 | majority of cases the lower relative velocities in the moved system |
---|
5592 | permit a larger time step (<a href="#dt">dt</a>). |
---|
5593 | Switching the transformation on is only worthwhile if the geostrophical |
---|
5594 | wind (ug, vg) |
---|
5595 | and the averaged horizontal wind clearly deviate from the value 0. In |
---|
5596 | each case, the distance the coordinate system has been moved is written |
---|
5597 | to the file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>. |
---|
5598 | </p> |
---|
5599 | |
---|
5600 | |
---|
5601 | |
---|
5602 | |
---|
5603 | |
---|
5604 | |
---|
5605 | |
---|
5606 | |
---|
5607 | |
---|
5608 | |
---|
5609 | |
---|
5610 | |
---|
5611 | |
---|
5612 | <p>Non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
5613 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), the specification |
---|
5614 | of a gestrophic |
---|
5615 | wind that is not constant with height |
---|
5616 | as well as e.g. stationary inhomogeneities at the bottom boundary do |
---|
5617 | not allow the use of this transformation.</p> |
---|
5618 | |
---|
5619 | |
---|
5620 | |
---|
5621 | |
---|
5622 | |
---|
5623 | |
---|
5624 | </td> |
---|
5625 | |
---|
5626 | |
---|
5627 | |
---|
5628 | |
---|
5629 | |
---|
5630 | |
---|
5631 | </tr> |
---|
5632 | |
---|
5633 | |
---|
5634 | |
---|
5635 | |
---|
5636 | |
---|
5637 | |
---|
5638 | |
---|
5639 | <tr> |
---|
5640 | |
---|
5641 | |
---|
5642 | |
---|
5643 | |
---|
5644 | |
---|
5645 | |
---|
5646 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
5647 | |
---|
5648 | |
---|
5649 | |
---|
5650 | |
---|
5651 | |
---|
5652 | |
---|
5653 | <p><a name="grid_matching"></a><b>grid_matching</b></p> |
---|
5654 | |
---|
5655 | |
---|
5656 | |
---|
5657 | |
---|
5658 | |
---|
5659 | |
---|
5660 | |
---|
5661 | </td> |
---|
5662 | |
---|
5663 | |
---|
5664 | |
---|
5665 | |
---|
5666 | |
---|
5667 | |
---|
5668 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 6</td> |
---|
5669 | |
---|
5670 | |
---|
5671 | |
---|
5672 | |
---|
5673 | |
---|
5674 | |
---|
5675 | |
---|
5676 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span></td> |
---|
5677 | |
---|
5678 | |
---|
5679 | |
---|
5680 | |
---|
5681 | |
---|
5682 | |
---|
5683 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Variable to adjust the |
---|
5684 | subdomain |
---|
5685 | sizes in parallel runs.<br> |
---|
5686 | |
---|
5687 | |
---|
5688 | |
---|
5689 | |
---|
5690 | |
---|
5691 | |
---|
5692 | <br> |
---|
5693 | |
---|
5694 | |
---|
5695 | |
---|
5696 | |
---|
5697 | |
---|
5698 | |
---|
5699 | |
---|
5700 | For <b>grid_matching</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
---|
5701 | the subdomains are forced to have an identical |
---|
5702 | size on all processors. In this case the processor numbers in the |
---|
5703 | respective directions of the virtual processor net must fulfill certain |
---|
5704 | divisor conditions concerning the grid point numbers in the three |
---|
5705 | directions (see <a href="#nx">nx</a>, <a href="#ny">ny</a> |
---|
5706 | and <a href="#nz">nz</a>). |
---|
5707 | Advantage of this method is that all PEs bear the same computational |
---|
5708 | load.<br> |
---|
5709 | |
---|
5710 | |
---|
5711 | |
---|
5712 | |
---|
5713 | |
---|
5714 | |
---|
5715 | <br> |
---|
5716 | |
---|
5717 | |
---|
5718 | |
---|
5719 | |
---|
5720 | |
---|
5721 | |
---|
5722 | |
---|
5723 | There is no such restriction by default, because then smaller |
---|
5724 | subdomains are allowed on those processors which |
---|
5725 | form the right and/or north boundary of the virtual processor grid. On |
---|
5726 | all other processors the subdomains are of same size. Whether smaller |
---|
5727 | subdomains are actually used, depends on the number of processors and |
---|
5728 | the grid point numbers used. Information about the respective settings |
---|
5729 | are given in file <a href="file:///home/raasch/public_html/PALM_group/home/raasch/public_html/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_3.4.html#RUN_CONTROL">RUN_CONTROL</a>.<br> |
---|
5730 | |
---|
5731 | |
---|
5732 | |
---|
5733 | |
---|
5734 | |
---|
5735 | |
---|
5736 | |
---|
5737 | <br> |
---|
5738 | |
---|
5739 | |
---|
5740 | |
---|
5741 | |
---|
5742 | |
---|
5743 | |
---|
5744 | |
---|
5745 | When using a multi-grid method for solving the Poisson equation (see <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/%7Eraasch/PALM_group/doc/app/chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a>) |
---|
5746 | only <b>grid_matching</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span> |
---|
5747 | is allowed.<br> |
---|
5748 | |
---|
5749 | |
---|
5750 | |
---|
5751 | |
---|
5752 | |
---|
5753 | |
---|
5754 | <br> |
---|
5755 | |
---|
5756 | |
---|
5757 | |
---|
5758 | |
---|
5759 | |
---|
5760 | |
---|
5761 | <b>Note:</b><br> |
---|
5762 | |
---|
5763 | |
---|
5764 | |
---|
5765 | |
---|
5766 | |
---|
5767 | |
---|
5768 | |
---|
5769 | In some cases for small processor numbers there may be a very bad load |
---|
5770 | balancing among the |
---|
5771 | processors which may reduce the performance of the code.</td> |
---|
5772 | |
---|
5773 | |
---|
5774 | |
---|
5775 | |
---|
5776 | |
---|
5777 | |
---|
5778 | </tr> |
---|
5779 | |
---|
5780 | |
---|
5781 | |
---|
5782 | |
---|
5783 | |
---|
5784 | |
---|
5785 | |
---|
5786 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p><a name="humidity"></a><b>humidity</b></p></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><p>Parameter to |
---|
5787 | switch on the prognostic equation for specific |
---|
5788 | humidity q.<br> |
---|
5789 | |
---|
5790 | |
---|
5791 | |
---|
5792 | |
---|
5793 | |
---|
5794 | |
---|
5795 | </p> |
---|
5796 | |
---|
5797 | |
---|
5798 | |
---|
5799 | |
---|
5800 | |
---|
5801 | |
---|
5802 | |
---|
5803 | |
---|
5804 | |
---|
5805 | |
---|
5806 | |
---|
5807 | |
---|
5808 | |
---|
5809 | <p>The initial vertical |
---|
5810 | profile of q can be set via parameters <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_surface">q_surface</a>, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
5811 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
5812 | Boundary conditions can be set via <a href="chapter_4.1.html#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a> |
---|
5813 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>.<br> |
---|
5814 | |
---|
5815 | |
---|
5816 | |
---|
5817 | |
---|
5818 | |
---|
5819 | |
---|
5820 | |
---|
5821 | </p> |
---|
5822 | |
---|
5823 | |
---|
5824 | |
---|
5825 | |
---|
5826 | |
---|
5827 | |
---|
5828 | |
---|
5829 | If the condensation scheme is switched on (<a href="chapter_4.1.html#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a> |
---|
5830 | = .TRUE.), q becomes the total liquid water content (sum of specific |
---|
5831 | humidity and liquid water content).</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="inflow_damping_height"></a>inflow_damping_height</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">from precursor run</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Height below which the turbulence signal is used for turbulence recycling (in m).<br><br>In case of a turbulent inflow (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#turbulent_inflow">turbulent_inflow</a>), |
---|
5832 | this parameter defines the vertical thickness of the turbulent layer up |
---|
5833 | to which the turbulence extracted at the recycling plane (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#recycling_width">recycling_width</a>) |
---|
5834 | shall be imposed to the inflow. Above this level the turbulence signal |
---|
5835 | is linearly damped to zero. The transition range within which the |
---|
5836 | signal falls to zero is given by the parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_width">inflow_damping_width</a>.<br><br>By default, this height is set as the height of the convective boundary layer as calculated from a precursor run. See <a href="chapter_3.9.html">chapter 3.9</a> about proper settings for getting this CBL height from a precursor run. </td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="inflow_damping_width"></a>inflow_damping_width</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.1 * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_height">inflow_damping</a></span><a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_height"><br style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">_height</span></a></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Transition range within which the turbulance signal is damped to zero (in m).<br><br>See <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_height">inflow_damping_height</a> for explanation.</td></tr><tr> |
---|
5837 | |
---|
5838 | |
---|
5839 | |
---|
5840 | |
---|
5841 | |
---|
5842 | |
---|
5843 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_begin"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br> |
---|
5844 | |
---|
5845 | |
---|
5846 | |
---|
5847 | |
---|
5848 | |
---|
5849 | |
---|
5850 | |
---|
5851 | begin</b></td> |
---|
5852 | |
---|
5853 | |
---|
5854 | |
---|
5855 | |
---|
5856 | |
---|
5857 | |
---|
5858 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
5859 | |
---|
5860 | |
---|
5861 | |
---|
5862 | |
---|
5863 | |
---|
5864 | |
---|
5865 | |
---|
5866 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(10,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
5867 | |
---|
5868 | |
---|
5869 | |
---|
5870 | |
---|
5871 | |
---|
5872 | |
---|
5873 | <span style="font-style: italic;">nx/2 or ny/2)</span></td> |
---|
5874 | |
---|
5875 | |
---|
5876 | |
---|
5877 | |
---|
5878 | |
---|
5879 | |
---|
5880 | |
---|
5881 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Lower |
---|
5882 | limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are to be |
---|
5883 | imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br> |
---|
5884 | |
---|
5885 | |
---|
5886 | |
---|
5887 | |
---|
5888 | |
---|
5889 | |
---|
5890 | <br> |
---|
5891 | |
---|
5892 | |
---|
5893 | |
---|
5894 | |
---|
5895 | |
---|
5896 | |
---|
5897 | |
---|
5898 | If non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions are used (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
5899 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
---|
5900 | this parameter gives the gridpoint number (counted horizontally from |
---|
5901 | the inflow) from which on perturbations are imposed on the |
---|
5902 | horizontal velocity field. Perturbations must be switched on with |
---|
5903 | parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>.</td> |
---|
5904 | |
---|
5905 | |
---|
5906 | |
---|
5907 | |
---|
5908 | |
---|
5909 | |
---|
5910 | |
---|
5911 | </tr> |
---|
5912 | |
---|
5913 | |
---|
5914 | |
---|
5915 | |
---|
5916 | |
---|
5917 | |
---|
5918 | <tr> |
---|
5919 | |
---|
5920 | |
---|
5921 | |
---|
5922 | |
---|
5923 | |
---|
5924 | |
---|
5925 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="inflow_disturbance_end"></a><b>inflow_disturbance_<br> |
---|
5926 | |
---|
5927 | |
---|
5928 | |
---|
5929 | |
---|
5930 | |
---|
5931 | |
---|
5932 | |
---|
5933 | end</b></td> |
---|
5934 | |
---|
5935 | |
---|
5936 | |
---|
5937 | |
---|
5938 | |
---|
5939 | |
---|
5940 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
5941 | |
---|
5942 | |
---|
5943 | |
---|
5944 | |
---|
5945 | |
---|
5946 | |
---|
5947 | |
---|
5948 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(100,</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
5949 | |
---|
5950 | |
---|
5951 | |
---|
5952 | |
---|
5953 | |
---|
5954 | |
---|
5955 | <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*nx or</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
5956 | |
---|
5957 | |
---|
5958 | |
---|
5959 | |
---|
5960 | |
---|
5961 | |
---|
5962 | <span style="font-style: italic;">3/4*ny)</span></td> |
---|
5963 | |
---|
5964 | |
---|
5965 | |
---|
5966 | |
---|
5967 | |
---|
5968 | |
---|
5969 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Upper |
---|
5970 | limit of the horizontal range for which random perturbations are |
---|
5971 | to be imposed on the horizontal velocity field (gridpoints).<br> |
---|
5972 | |
---|
5973 | |
---|
5974 | |
---|
5975 | |
---|
5976 | |
---|
5977 | |
---|
5978 | <br> |
---|
5979 | |
---|
5980 | |
---|
5981 | |
---|
5982 | |
---|
5983 | |
---|
5984 | |
---|
5985 | |
---|
5986 | If non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions are used (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
5987 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
---|
5988 | this parameter gives the gridpoint number (counted horizontally from |
---|
5989 | the inflow) unto which perturbations are imposed on the |
---|
5990 | horizontal |
---|
5991 | velocity field. Perturbations must be switched on with parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>.</td> |
---|
5992 | |
---|
5993 | |
---|
5994 | |
---|
5995 | |
---|
5996 | |
---|
5997 | |
---|
5998 | |
---|
5999 | </tr> |
---|
6000 | |
---|
6001 | |
---|
6002 | |
---|
6003 | |
---|
6004 | |
---|
6005 | |
---|
6006 | <tr> |
---|
6007 | |
---|
6008 | |
---|
6009 | |
---|
6010 | |
---|
6011 | |
---|
6012 | |
---|
6013 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6014 | |
---|
6015 | |
---|
6016 | |
---|
6017 | |
---|
6018 | |
---|
6019 | |
---|
6020 | <p><a name="initializing_actions"></a><b>initializing_actions</b></p> |
---|
6021 | |
---|
6022 | |
---|
6023 | |
---|
6024 | |
---|
6025 | |
---|
6026 | |
---|
6027 | |
---|
6028 | </td> |
---|
6029 | |
---|
6030 | |
---|
6031 | |
---|
6032 | |
---|
6033 | |
---|
6034 | |
---|
6035 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 100</td> |
---|
6036 | |
---|
6037 | |
---|
6038 | |
---|
6039 | |
---|
6040 | |
---|
6041 | |
---|
6042 | |
---|
6043 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
---|
6044 | |
---|
6045 | |
---|
6046 | |
---|
6047 | |
---|
6048 | |
---|
6049 | |
---|
6050 | </td> |
---|
6051 | |
---|
6052 | |
---|
6053 | |
---|
6054 | |
---|
6055 | |
---|
6056 | |
---|
6057 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6058 | |
---|
6059 | |
---|
6060 | |
---|
6061 | |
---|
6062 | |
---|
6063 | |
---|
6064 | <p style="font-style: normal;">Initialization actions |
---|
6065 | to be carried out. </p> |
---|
6066 | |
---|
6067 | |
---|
6068 | |
---|
6069 | |
---|
6070 | |
---|
6071 | |
---|
6072 | |
---|
6073 | |
---|
6074 | |
---|
6075 | |
---|
6076 | |
---|
6077 | |
---|
6078 | |
---|
6079 | <p style="font-style: normal;">This parameter does not have a |
---|
6080 | default value and therefore must be assigned with each model run. For |
---|
6081 | restart runs <b>initializing_actions</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'read_restart_data'</span> |
---|
6082 | must be set. For the initial run of a job chain the following values |
---|
6083 | are allowed: </p> |
---|
6084 | |
---|
6085 | |
---|
6086 | |
---|
6087 | |
---|
6088 | |
---|
6089 | |
---|
6090 | |
---|
6091 | |
---|
6092 | |
---|
6093 | |
---|
6094 | |
---|
6095 | |
---|
6096 | |
---|
6097 | <p style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span> |
---|
6098 | </p> |
---|
6099 | |
---|
6100 | |
---|
6101 | |
---|
6102 | |
---|
6103 | |
---|
6104 | |
---|
6105 | |
---|
6106 | |
---|
6107 | |
---|
6108 | |
---|
6109 | |
---|
6110 | |
---|
6111 | |
---|
6112 | <ul> |
---|
6113 | |
---|
6114 | |
---|
6115 | |
---|
6116 | |
---|
6117 | |
---|
6118 | |
---|
6119 | |
---|
6120 | |
---|
6121 | |
---|
6122 | |
---|
6123 | |
---|
6124 | |
---|
6125 | |
---|
6126 | <p>A horizontal wind profile consisting |
---|
6127 | of linear sections (see <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>, |
---|
6128 | <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>, |
---|
6129 | <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
6130 | and <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>, <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a>, |
---|
6131 | <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>, |
---|
6132 | respectively) as well as a vertical temperature (humidity) profile |
---|
6133 | consisting of |
---|
6134 | linear sections (see <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, |
---|
6135 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>, |
---|
6136 | <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a> |
---|
6137 | and <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>) |
---|
6138 | are assumed as initial profiles. The subgrid-scale TKE is set to 0 but K<sub>m</sub> |
---|
6139 | and K<sub>h</sub> are set to very small values because |
---|
6140 | otherwise no TKE |
---|
6141 | would be generated.</p> |
---|
6142 | |
---|
6143 | |
---|
6144 | |
---|
6145 | |
---|
6146 | |
---|
6147 | |
---|
6148 | |
---|
6149 | |
---|
6150 | |
---|
6151 | |
---|
6152 | |
---|
6153 | |
---|
6154 | |
---|
6155 | </ul> |
---|
6156 | |
---|
6157 | |
---|
6158 | |
---|
6159 | |
---|
6160 | |
---|
6161 | |
---|
6162 | |
---|
6163 | |
---|
6164 | |
---|
6165 | |
---|
6166 | |
---|
6167 | |
---|
6168 | |
---|
6169 | <p style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles' </p> |
---|
6170 | |
---|
6171 | |
---|
6172 | |
---|
6173 | |
---|
6174 | |
---|
6175 | |
---|
6176 | |
---|
6177 | |
---|
6178 | |
---|
6179 | |
---|
6180 | |
---|
6181 | |
---|
6182 | |
---|
6183 | <ul> |
---|
6184 | |
---|
6185 | |
---|
6186 | |
---|
6187 | |
---|
6188 | |
---|
6189 | |
---|
6190 | |
---|
6191 | |
---|
6192 | |
---|
6193 | |
---|
6194 | |
---|
6195 | |
---|
6196 | |
---|
6197 | <p>The arrays of the 3d-model are initialized with |
---|
6198 | the |
---|
6199 | (stationary) solution of the 1d-model. These are the variables e, kh, |
---|
6200 | km, u, v and with Prandtl layer switched on rif, us, usws, vsws. The |
---|
6201 | temperature (humidity) profile consisting of linear sections is set as |
---|
6202 | for 'set_constant_profiles' and assumed as constant in time within the |
---|
6203 | 1d-model. For steering of the 1d-model a set of parameters with suffix |
---|
6204 | "_1d" (e.g. <a href="#end_time_1d">end_time_1d</a>, |
---|
6205 | <a href="#damp_level_1d">damp_level_1d</a>) |
---|
6206 | is available.</p> |
---|
6207 | |
---|
6208 | |
---|
6209 | |
---|
6210 | |
---|
6211 | |
---|
6212 | |
---|
6213 | |
---|
6214 | |
---|
6215 | |
---|
6216 | |
---|
6217 | |
---|
6218 | |
---|
6219 | |
---|
6220 | </ul> |
---|
6221 | |
---|
6222 | |
---|
6223 | |
---|
6224 | |
---|
6225 | |
---|
6226 | |
---|
6227 | |
---|
6228 | |
---|
6229 | |
---|
6230 | |
---|
6231 | |
---|
6232 | |
---|
6233 | |
---|
6234 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'by_user'</span></p> |
---|
6235 | |
---|
6236 | |
---|
6237 | |
---|
6238 | |
---|
6239 | |
---|
6240 | |
---|
6241 | |
---|
6242 | |
---|
6243 | |
---|
6244 | |
---|
6245 | |
---|
6246 | |
---|
6247 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">The initialization of the arrays |
---|
6248 | of the 3d-model is under complete control of the user and has to be |
---|
6249 | done in routine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_3d_model">user_init_3d_model</a> |
---|
6250 | of the user-interface.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span></p> |
---|
6251 | |
---|
6252 | |
---|
6253 | |
---|
6254 | |
---|
6255 | |
---|
6256 | |
---|
6257 | |
---|
6258 | |
---|
6259 | |
---|
6260 | |
---|
6261 | |
---|
6262 | |
---|
6263 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_vortex'</span> |
---|
6264 | </p> |
---|
6265 | |
---|
6266 | |
---|
6267 | |
---|
6268 | |
---|
6269 | |
---|
6270 | |
---|
6271 | |
---|
6272 | |
---|
6273 | |
---|
6274 | |
---|
6275 | |
---|
6276 | |
---|
6277 | |
---|
6278 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The initial |
---|
6279 | velocity field of the |
---|
6280 | 3d-model corresponds to a |
---|
6281 | Rankine-vortex with vertical axis. This setting may be used to test |
---|
6282 | advection schemes. Free-slip boundary conditions for u and v (see <a href="#bc_uv_b">bc_uv_b</a>, <a href="#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>) |
---|
6283 | are necessary. In order not to distort the vortex, an initial |
---|
6284 | horizontal wind profile constant |
---|
6285 | with height is necessary (to be set by <b>initializing_actions</b> |
---|
6286 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>) |
---|
6287 | and some other conditions have to be met (neutral stratification, |
---|
6288 | diffusion must be |
---|
6289 | switched off, see <a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a>). |
---|
6290 | The center of the vortex is located at jc = (nx+1)/2. It |
---|
6291 | extends from k = 0 to k = nz+1. Its radius is 8 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
---|
6292 | and the exponentially decaying part ranges to 32 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
---|
6293 | (see init_rankine.f90). </div> |
---|
6294 | |
---|
6295 | |
---|
6296 | |
---|
6297 | |
---|
6298 | |
---|
6299 | |
---|
6300 | |
---|
6301 | |
---|
6302 | |
---|
6303 | |
---|
6304 | |
---|
6305 | |
---|
6306 | |
---|
6307 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_ptanom'</span> |
---|
6308 | </p> |
---|
6309 | |
---|
6310 | |
---|
6311 | |
---|
6312 | |
---|
6313 | |
---|
6314 | |
---|
6315 | |
---|
6316 | |
---|
6317 | |
---|
6318 | |
---|
6319 | |
---|
6320 | |
---|
6321 | |
---|
6322 | <ul> |
---|
6323 | |
---|
6324 | |
---|
6325 | |
---|
6326 | |
---|
6327 | |
---|
6328 | |
---|
6329 | |
---|
6330 | |
---|
6331 | |
---|
6332 | |
---|
6333 | |
---|
6334 | |
---|
6335 | |
---|
6336 | <p>A 2d-Gauss-like shape disturbance |
---|
6337 | (x,y) is added to the |
---|
6338 | initial temperature field with radius 10.0 * <a href="#dx">dx</a> |
---|
6339 | and center at jc = (nx+1)/2. This may be used for tests of scalar |
---|
6340 | advection schemes |
---|
6341 | (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>). |
---|
6342 | Such tests require a horizontal wind profile constant with hight and |
---|
6343 | diffusion |
---|
6344 | switched off (see <span style="font-style: italic;">'initialize_vortex'</span>). |
---|
6345 | Additionally, the buoyancy term |
---|
6346 | must be switched of in the equation of motion for w (this |
---|
6347 | requires the user to comment out the call of <span style="font-family: monospace;">buoyancy</span> in the |
---|
6348 | source code of <span style="font-family: monospace;">prognostic_equations.f90</span>).</p></ul> |
---|
6349 | |
---|
6350 | |
---|
6351 | |
---|
6352 | |
---|
6353 | |
---|
6354 | |
---|
6355 | |
---|
6356 | |
---|
6357 | |
---|
6358 | |
---|
6359 | |
---|
6360 | |
---|
6361 | |
---|
6362 | <p style="font-style: italic;">'cyclic_fill'</p><p style="font-style: normal; margin-left: 40px;">Here, |
---|
6363 | 3d-data from a precursor run are read by the initial (main) run. The |
---|
6364 | precursor run is allowed to have a smaller domain along x and y |
---|
6365 | compared with the main run. Also, different numbers of processors can |
---|
6366 | be used for these two runs. Limitations are that the precursor run must |
---|
6367 | use cyclic horizontal boundary conditions and that the number of vertical grid points, <a href="#nz">nz</a>, must be same for the precursor run and the main run. If the total domain of the main run is larger than that of the precursor |
---|
6368 | run, the domain is filled by cyclic repetition of the (cyclic) |
---|
6369 | precursor data. This initialization method is recommended if a |
---|
6370 | turbulent inflow is used (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#turbulent_inflow">turbulent_inflow</a>). 3d-data must be made available to the run by activating an appropriate file connection statement for local file BININ. See <a href="chapter_3.9.html">chapter 3.9</a> for more details, where usage of a turbulent inflow is explained. </p><p style="font-style: normal;">Values may be |
---|
6371 | combined, e.g. <b>initializing_actions</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles |
---|
6372 | initialize_vortex'</span>, but the values of <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_constant_profiles'</span>, |
---|
6373 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'set_1d-model_profiles'</span> |
---|
6374 | , and <span style="font-style: italic;">'by_user'</span> |
---|
6375 | must not be given at the same time.</p> |
---|
6376 | |
---|
6377 | |
---|
6378 | |
---|
6379 | |
---|
6380 | |
---|
6381 | |
---|
6382 | |
---|
6383 | |
---|
6384 | |
---|
6385 | |
---|
6386 | |
---|
6387 | |
---|
6388 | |
---|
6389 | |
---|
6390 | |
---|
6391 | |
---|
6392 | |
---|
6393 | |
---|
6394 | |
---|
6395 | |
---|
6396 | </td> |
---|
6397 | |
---|
6398 | |
---|
6399 | |
---|
6400 | |
---|
6401 | |
---|
6402 | |
---|
6403 | </tr> |
---|
6404 | |
---|
6405 | |
---|
6406 | |
---|
6407 | |
---|
6408 | |
---|
6409 | |
---|
6410 | |
---|
6411 | <tr> |
---|
6412 | |
---|
6413 | |
---|
6414 | |
---|
6415 | |
---|
6416 | |
---|
6417 | |
---|
6418 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6419 | |
---|
6420 | |
---|
6421 | |
---|
6422 | |
---|
6423 | |
---|
6424 | |
---|
6425 | <p><a name="km_constant"></a><b>km_constant</b></p> |
---|
6426 | |
---|
6427 | |
---|
6428 | |
---|
6429 | |
---|
6430 | |
---|
6431 | |
---|
6432 | |
---|
6433 | </td> |
---|
6434 | |
---|
6435 | |
---|
6436 | |
---|
6437 | |
---|
6438 | |
---|
6439 | |
---|
6440 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
6441 | |
---|
6442 | |
---|
6443 | |
---|
6444 | |
---|
6445 | |
---|
6446 | |
---|
6447 | |
---|
6448 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>variable<br> |
---|
6449 | |
---|
6450 | |
---|
6451 | |
---|
6452 | |
---|
6453 | |
---|
6454 | |
---|
6455 | |
---|
6456 | (computed from TKE)</i></td> |
---|
6457 | |
---|
6458 | |
---|
6459 | |
---|
6460 | |
---|
6461 | |
---|
6462 | |
---|
6463 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6464 | |
---|
6465 | |
---|
6466 | |
---|
6467 | |
---|
6468 | |
---|
6469 | |
---|
6470 | <p>Constant eddy |
---|
6471 | diffusivities are used (laminar |
---|
6472 | simulations). </p> |
---|
6473 | |
---|
6474 | |
---|
6475 | |
---|
6476 | |
---|
6477 | |
---|
6478 | |
---|
6479 | |
---|
6480 | |
---|
6481 | |
---|
6482 | |
---|
6483 | |
---|
6484 | |
---|
6485 | |
---|
6486 | <p>If this parameter is |
---|
6487 | specified, both in the 1d and in the |
---|
6488 | 3d-model constant values for the eddy diffusivities are used in |
---|
6489 | space and time with K<sub>m</sub> = <b>km_constant</b> |
---|
6490 | and K<sub>h</sub> = K<sub>m</sub> / <a href="chapter_4.2.html#prandtl_number">prandtl_number</a>. |
---|
6491 | The prognostic equation for the subgrid-scale TKE is switched off. |
---|
6492 | Constant eddy diffusivities are only allowed with the Prandtl layer (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>) |
---|
6493 | switched off.</p> |
---|
6494 | |
---|
6495 | |
---|
6496 | |
---|
6497 | |
---|
6498 | |
---|
6499 | |
---|
6500 | </td> |
---|
6501 | |
---|
6502 | |
---|
6503 | |
---|
6504 | |
---|
6505 | |
---|
6506 | |
---|
6507 | </tr> |
---|
6508 | |
---|
6509 | |
---|
6510 | |
---|
6511 | |
---|
6512 | |
---|
6513 | |
---|
6514 | <tr> |
---|
6515 | |
---|
6516 | |
---|
6517 | |
---|
6518 | |
---|
6519 | |
---|
6520 | |
---|
6521 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6522 | |
---|
6523 | |
---|
6524 | |
---|
6525 | |
---|
6526 | |
---|
6527 | |
---|
6528 | <p><a name="km_damp_max"></a><b>km_damp_max</b></p> |
---|
6529 | |
---|
6530 | |
---|
6531 | |
---|
6532 | |
---|
6533 | |
---|
6534 | |
---|
6535 | |
---|
6536 | </td> |
---|
6537 | |
---|
6538 | |
---|
6539 | |
---|
6540 | |
---|
6541 | |
---|
6542 | |
---|
6543 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
6544 | |
---|
6545 | |
---|
6546 | |
---|
6547 | |
---|
6548 | |
---|
6549 | |
---|
6550 | |
---|
6551 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.5*(dx |
---|
6552 | or dy)</span></td> |
---|
6553 | |
---|
6554 | |
---|
6555 | |
---|
6556 | |
---|
6557 | |
---|
6558 | |
---|
6559 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum |
---|
6560 | diffusivity used for filtering the velocity field in the vicinity of |
---|
6561 | the outflow (in m<sup>2</sup>/s).<br> |
---|
6562 | |
---|
6563 | |
---|
6564 | |
---|
6565 | |
---|
6566 | |
---|
6567 | |
---|
6568 | <br> |
---|
6569 | |
---|
6570 | |
---|
6571 | |
---|
6572 | |
---|
6573 | |
---|
6574 | |
---|
6575 | |
---|
6576 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
6577 | or <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
---|
6578 | a smoothing has to be applied to the |
---|
6579 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
---|
6580 | reflections of outgoing disturbances. Smoothing is done by increasing |
---|
6581 | the eddy diffusivity along the horizontal direction which is |
---|
6582 | perpendicular to the outflow boundary. Only velocity components |
---|
6583 | parallel to the outflow boundary are filtered (e.g. v and w, if the |
---|
6584 | outflow is along x). Damping is applied from the bottom to the top of |
---|
6585 | the domain.<br> |
---|
6586 | |
---|
6587 | |
---|
6588 | |
---|
6589 | |
---|
6590 | |
---|
6591 | |
---|
6592 | <br> |
---|
6593 | |
---|
6594 | |
---|
6595 | |
---|
6596 | |
---|
6597 | |
---|
6598 | |
---|
6599 | |
---|
6600 | The horizontal range of the smoothing is controlled by <a href="#outflow_damping_width">outflow_damping_width</a> |
---|
6601 | which defines the number of gridpoints (counted from the outflow |
---|
6602 | boundary) from where on the smoothing is applied. Starting from that |
---|
6603 | point, the eddy diffusivity is linearly increased (from zero to its |
---|
6604 | maximum value given by <span style="font-weight: bold;">km_damp_max</span>) |
---|
6605 | until half of the damping range width, from where it remains constant |
---|
6606 | up to the outflow boundary. If at a certain grid point the eddy |
---|
6607 | diffusivity calculated from the flow field is larger than as described |
---|
6608 | above, it is used instead.<br> |
---|
6609 | |
---|
6610 | |
---|
6611 | |
---|
6612 | |
---|
6613 | |
---|
6614 | |
---|
6615 | <br> |
---|
6616 | |
---|
6617 | |
---|
6618 | |
---|
6619 | |
---|
6620 | |
---|
6621 | |
---|
6622 | |
---|
6623 | The default value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">km_damp_max</span> |
---|
6624 | has been empirically proven to be sufficient.</td> |
---|
6625 | |
---|
6626 | |
---|
6627 | |
---|
6628 | |
---|
6629 | |
---|
6630 | |
---|
6631 | </tr> |
---|
6632 | |
---|
6633 | |
---|
6634 | |
---|
6635 | |
---|
6636 | |
---|
6637 | |
---|
6638 | <tr> |
---|
6639 | |
---|
6640 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="lad_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">lad_surface</span></td> |
---|
6641 | |
---|
6642 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
6643 | |
---|
6644 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
6645 | |
---|
6646 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Surface value of the leaf area density (in m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>).<br> |
---|
6647 | |
---|
6648 | <br> |
---|
6649 | |
---|
6650 | This |
---|
6651 | parameter assigns the value of the leaf area density <span style="font-weight: bold;">lad</span> at the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, |
---|
6652 | the leaf area density profile is constructed with <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
6653 | and <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level |
---|
6654 | </a>.</td> |
---|
6655 | |
---|
6656 | </tr> |
---|
6657 | |
---|
6658 | <tr> |
---|
6659 | |
---|
6660 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="lad_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">lad_vertical_gradient</span></td> |
---|
6661 | |
---|
6662 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
6663 | |
---|
6664 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
---|
6665 | |
---|
6666 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the leaf area density (in m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>4</sup>).<br> |
---|
6667 | |
---|
6668 | <br> |
---|
6669 | |
---|
6670 | |
---|
6671 | <p>This leaf area density gradient |
---|
6672 | holds starting from the height |
---|
6673 | level defined by <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
6674 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) > lad_vertical_gradient_level, lad(k) is set: lad(k) = lad(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>lad_vertical_gradient</b>) |
---|
6675 | up to the level defined by <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. Above that level lad(k) will automatically set to 0.0. A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
---|
6676 | if <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
---|
6677 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The leaf area density at the surface is |
---|
6678 | assigned via <a href="#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>. |
---|
6679 | </p> |
---|
6680 | |
---|
6681 | </td> |
---|
6682 | |
---|
6683 | </tr> |
---|
6684 | |
---|
6685 | <tr> |
---|
6686 | |
---|
6687 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="lad_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">lad_vertical_gradient_level</span></td> |
---|
6688 | |
---|
6689 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
6690 | |
---|
6691 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
---|
6692 | |
---|
6693 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the gradient |
---|
6694 | of the leaf area density defined by <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
6695 | is effective (in m).<br> |
---|
6696 | |
---|
6697 | <br> |
---|
6698 | |
---|
6699 | The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. The |
---|
6700 | default values result in a leaf area density that is constant with height uup to the top of the plant canopy layer defined by <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. For the piecewise construction of temperature profiles see <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a>.</td> |
---|
6701 | |
---|
6702 | </tr> |
---|
6703 | |
---|
6704 | <tr> |
---|
6705 | |
---|
6706 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="leaf_surface_concentration"></a><b>leaf_surface_concentration</b></td> |
---|
6707 | |
---|
6708 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
6709 | |
---|
6710 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
6711 | |
---|
6712 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Concentration of a passive scalar at the surface of a leaf (in K m/s).<br> |
---|
6713 | |
---|
6714 | |
---|
6715 | <br> |
---|
6716 | |
---|
6717 | |
---|
6718 | This parameter is only of importance in cases in that both, <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> and <a href="#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>, are set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>. |
---|
6719 | The value of the concentration of a passive scalar at the surface of a |
---|
6720 | leaf is required for the parametrisation of the sources and sinks of |
---|
6721 | scalar concentration due to the canopy.</td> |
---|
6722 | |
---|
6723 | </tr> |
---|
6724 | |
---|
6725 | <tr> |
---|
6726 | |
---|
6727 | |
---|
6728 | |
---|
6729 | |
---|
6730 | |
---|
6731 | |
---|
6732 | |
---|
6733 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6734 | |
---|
6735 | |
---|
6736 | |
---|
6737 | |
---|
6738 | |
---|
6739 | |
---|
6740 | <p><a name="long_filter_factor"></a><b>long_filter_factor</b></p> |
---|
6741 | |
---|
6742 | |
---|
6743 | |
---|
6744 | |
---|
6745 | |
---|
6746 | |
---|
6747 | |
---|
6748 | </td> |
---|
6749 | |
---|
6750 | |
---|
6751 | |
---|
6752 | |
---|
6753 | |
---|
6754 | |
---|
6755 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
6756 | |
---|
6757 | |
---|
6758 | |
---|
6759 | |
---|
6760 | |
---|
6761 | |
---|
6762 | |
---|
6763 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
6764 | |
---|
6765 | |
---|
6766 | |
---|
6767 | |
---|
6768 | |
---|
6769 | |
---|
6770 | |
---|
6771 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
6772 | |
---|
6773 | |
---|
6774 | |
---|
6775 | |
---|
6776 | |
---|
6777 | |
---|
6778 | <p>Filter factor |
---|
6779 | for the so-called Long-filter.<br> |
---|
6780 | |
---|
6781 | |
---|
6782 | |
---|
6783 | |
---|
6784 | |
---|
6785 | |
---|
6786 | </p> |
---|
6787 | |
---|
6788 | |
---|
6789 | |
---|
6790 | |
---|
6791 | |
---|
6792 | |
---|
6793 | |
---|
6794 | |
---|
6795 | |
---|
6796 | |
---|
6797 | |
---|
6798 | |
---|
6799 | |
---|
6800 | <p><br> |
---|
6801 | |
---|
6802 | |
---|
6803 | |
---|
6804 | |
---|
6805 | |
---|
6806 | |
---|
6807 | |
---|
6808 | This filter very efficiently |
---|
6809 | eliminates 2-delta-waves sometimes cauesed by the upstream-spline |
---|
6810 | scheme (see Mahrer and |
---|
6811 | Pielke, 1978: Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830). It works in all three |
---|
6812 | directions in space. A value of <b>long_filter_factor</b> |
---|
6813 | = <i>0.01</i> |
---|
6814 | sufficiently removes the small-scale waves without affecting the |
---|
6815 | longer waves.<br> |
---|
6816 | |
---|
6817 | |
---|
6818 | |
---|
6819 | |
---|
6820 | |
---|
6821 | |
---|
6822 | </p> |
---|
6823 | |
---|
6824 | |
---|
6825 | |
---|
6826 | |
---|
6827 | |
---|
6828 | |
---|
6829 | |
---|
6830 | |
---|
6831 | |
---|
6832 | |
---|
6833 | |
---|
6834 | |
---|
6835 | |
---|
6836 | <p>By default, the filter is |
---|
6837 | switched off (= <i>0.0</i>). |
---|
6838 | It is exclusively applied to the tendencies calculated by the |
---|
6839 | upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
---|
6840 | and <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>), |
---|
6841 | not to the prognostic variables themselves. At the bottom and top |
---|
6842 | boundary of the model domain the filter effect for vertical |
---|
6843 | 2-delta-waves is reduced. There, the amplitude of these waves is only |
---|
6844 | reduced by approx. 50%, otherwise by nearly 100%. <br> |
---|
6845 | |
---|
6846 | |
---|
6847 | |
---|
6848 | |
---|
6849 | |
---|
6850 | |
---|
6851 | |
---|
6852 | Filter factors with values > <i>0.01</i> also |
---|
6853 | reduce the amplitudes |
---|
6854 | of waves with wavelengths longer than 2-delta (see the paper by Mahrer |
---|
6855 | and |
---|
6856 | Pielke, quoted above). </p> |
---|
6857 | |
---|
6858 | |
---|
6859 | |
---|
6860 | |
---|
6861 | |
---|
6862 | |
---|
6863 | </td> |
---|
6864 | |
---|
6865 | |
---|
6866 | |
---|
6867 | |
---|
6868 | |
---|
6869 | |
---|
6870 | </tr> |
---|
6871 | |
---|
6872 | |
---|
6873 | |
---|
6874 | |
---|
6875 | |
---|
6876 | |
---|
6877 | <tr> |
---|
6878 | |
---|
6879 | |
---|
6880 | |
---|
6881 | |
---|
6882 | |
---|
6883 | |
---|
6884 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="loop_optimization"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span></td> |
---|
6885 | |
---|
6886 | |
---|
6887 | |
---|
6888 | |
---|
6889 | |
---|
6890 | |
---|
6891 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*16</td> |
---|
6892 | |
---|
6893 | |
---|
6894 | |
---|
6895 | |
---|
6896 | |
---|
6897 | |
---|
6898 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">see right</span></td> |
---|
6899 | |
---|
6900 | |
---|
6901 | |
---|
6902 | |
---|
6903 | |
---|
6904 | |
---|
6905 | <td>Method used to optimize loops for solving the prognostic equations .<br> |
---|
6906 | |
---|
6907 | |
---|
6908 | |
---|
6909 | |
---|
6910 | |
---|
6911 | |
---|
6912 | <br> |
---|
6913 | |
---|
6914 | |
---|
6915 | |
---|
6916 | |
---|
6917 | |
---|
6918 | |
---|
6919 | By |
---|
6920 | default, the optimization method depends on the host on which PALM is |
---|
6921 | running. On machines with vector-type CPUs, single 3d-loops are used to |
---|
6922 | calculate each tendency term of each prognostic equation, while on all |
---|
6923 | other machines, all prognostic equations are solved within one big loop |
---|
6924 | over the two horizontal indices<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> i </span>and<span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;"> j </span>(giving a good cache uitilization).<br> |
---|
6925 | |
---|
6926 | |
---|
6927 | |
---|
6928 | |
---|
6929 | |
---|
6930 | |
---|
6931 | <br> |
---|
6932 | |
---|
6933 | |
---|
6934 | |
---|
6935 | |
---|
6936 | |
---|
6937 | |
---|
6938 | The default behaviour can be changed by setting either <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'vector'</span> or <span style="font-weight: bold;">loop_optimization</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'cache'</span>.</td> |
---|
6939 | |
---|
6940 | |
---|
6941 | |
---|
6942 | |
---|
6943 | |
---|
6944 | |
---|
6945 | </tr> |
---|
6946 | |
---|
6947 | |
---|
6948 | |
---|
6949 | |
---|
6950 | |
---|
6951 | |
---|
6952 | <tr> |
---|
6953 | |
---|
6954 | |
---|
6955 | |
---|
6956 | |
---|
6957 | |
---|
6958 | |
---|
6959 | |
---|
6960 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="mixing_length_1d"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span><br> |
---|
6961 | |
---|
6962 | |
---|
6963 | |
---|
6964 | |
---|
6965 | |
---|
6966 | |
---|
6967 | |
---|
6968 | </td> |
---|
6969 | |
---|
6970 | |
---|
6971 | |
---|
6972 | |
---|
6973 | |
---|
6974 | |
---|
6975 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
---|
6976 | |
---|
6977 | |
---|
6978 | |
---|
6979 | |
---|
6980 | |
---|
6981 | |
---|
6982 | |
---|
6983 | </td> |
---|
6984 | |
---|
6985 | |
---|
6986 | |
---|
6987 | |
---|
6988 | |
---|
6989 | |
---|
6990 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'as_in_3d_</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
6991 | |
---|
6992 | |
---|
6993 | |
---|
6994 | |
---|
6995 | |
---|
6996 | |
---|
6997 | <span style="font-style: italic;">model'</span><br> |
---|
6998 | |
---|
6999 | |
---|
7000 | |
---|
7001 | |
---|
7002 | |
---|
7003 | |
---|
7004 | </td> |
---|
7005 | |
---|
7006 | |
---|
7007 | |
---|
7008 | |
---|
7009 | |
---|
7010 | |
---|
7011 | |
---|
7012 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Mixing length used in the |
---|
7013 | 1d-model.<br> |
---|
7014 | |
---|
7015 | |
---|
7016 | |
---|
7017 | |
---|
7018 | |
---|
7019 | |
---|
7020 | <br> |
---|
7021 | |
---|
7022 | |
---|
7023 | |
---|
7024 | |
---|
7025 | |
---|
7026 | |
---|
7027 | |
---|
7028 | By default the mixing length is calculated as in the 3d-model (i.e. it |
---|
7029 | depends on the grid spacing).<br> |
---|
7030 | |
---|
7031 | |
---|
7032 | |
---|
7033 | |
---|
7034 | |
---|
7035 | |
---|
7036 | <br> |
---|
7037 | |
---|
7038 | |
---|
7039 | |
---|
7040 | |
---|
7041 | |
---|
7042 | |
---|
7043 | |
---|
7044 | By setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">mixing_length_1d</span> |
---|
7045 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'blackadar'</span>, |
---|
7046 | the so-called Blackadar mixing length is used (l = kappa * z / ( 1 + |
---|
7047 | kappa * z / lambda ) with the limiting value lambda = 2.7E-4 * u_g / f).<br> |
---|
7048 | |
---|
7049 | |
---|
7050 | |
---|
7051 | |
---|
7052 | |
---|
7053 | |
---|
7054 | |
---|
7055 | </td> |
---|
7056 | |
---|
7057 | |
---|
7058 | |
---|
7059 | |
---|
7060 | |
---|
7061 | |
---|
7062 | </tr> |
---|
7063 | |
---|
7064 | |
---|
7065 | |
---|
7066 | |
---|
7067 | |
---|
7068 | |
---|
7069 | |
---|
7070 | |
---|
7071 | |
---|
7072 | |
---|
7073 | |
---|
7074 | |
---|
7075 | |
---|
7076 | |
---|
7077 | <tr> |
---|
7078 | |
---|
7079 | |
---|
7080 | |
---|
7081 | |
---|
7082 | |
---|
7083 | |
---|
7084 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
7085 | |
---|
7086 | |
---|
7087 | |
---|
7088 | |
---|
7089 | |
---|
7090 | |
---|
7091 | <p><a name="momentum_advec"></a><b>momentum_advec</b></p> |
---|
7092 | |
---|
7093 | |
---|
7094 | |
---|
7095 | |
---|
7096 | |
---|
7097 | |
---|
7098 | |
---|
7099 | </td> |
---|
7100 | |
---|
7101 | |
---|
7102 | |
---|
7103 | |
---|
7104 | |
---|
7105 | |
---|
7106 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td> |
---|
7107 | |
---|
7108 | |
---|
7109 | |
---|
7110 | |
---|
7111 | |
---|
7112 | |
---|
7113 | |
---|
7114 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'pw-scheme'</i></td> |
---|
7115 | |
---|
7116 | |
---|
7117 | |
---|
7118 | |
---|
7119 | |
---|
7120 | |
---|
7121 | |
---|
7122 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
7123 | |
---|
7124 | |
---|
7125 | |
---|
7126 | |
---|
7127 | |
---|
7128 | |
---|
7129 | <p>Advection |
---|
7130 | scheme to be used for the momentum equations.<br> |
---|
7131 | |
---|
7132 | |
---|
7133 | |
---|
7134 | |
---|
7135 | |
---|
7136 | |
---|
7137 | <br> |
---|
7138 | |
---|
7139 | |
---|
7140 | |
---|
7141 | |
---|
7142 | |
---|
7143 | |
---|
7144 | |
---|
7145 | The user can choose between the following schemes:<br> |
---|
7146 | |
---|
7147 | |
---|
7148 | |
---|
7149 | |
---|
7150 | |
---|
7151 | |
---|
7152 | |
---|
7153 | <br> |
---|
7154 | |
---|
7155 | |
---|
7156 | |
---|
7157 | |
---|
7158 | |
---|
7159 | |
---|
7160 | <br> |
---|
7161 | |
---|
7162 | |
---|
7163 | |
---|
7164 | |
---|
7165 | |
---|
7166 | |
---|
7167 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'pw-scheme'</span><br> |
---|
7168 | |
---|
7169 | |
---|
7170 | |
---|
7171 | |
---|
7172 | |
---|
7173 | |
---|
7174 | |
---|
7175 | </p> |
---|
7176 | |
---|
7177 | |
---|
7178 | |
---|
7179 | |
---|
7180 | |
---|
7181 | |
---|
7182 | |
---|
7183 | |
---|
7184 | |
---|
7185 | |
---|
7186 | |
---|
7187 | |
---|
7188 | |
---|
7189 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The scheme of |
---|
7190 | Piascek and |
---|
7191 | Williams (1970, J. Comp. Phys., 6, |
---|
7192 | 392-405) with central differences in the form C3 is used.<br> |
---|
7193 | |
---|
7194 | |
---|
7195 | |
---|
7196 | |
---|
7197 | |
---|
7198 | |
---|
7199 | |
---|
7200 | If intermediate Euler-timesteps are carried out in case of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
---|
7201 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> |
---|
7202 | the |
---|
7203 | advection scheme is - for the Euler-timestep - automatically switched |
---|
7204 | to an upstream-scheme.<br> |
---|
7205 | |
---|
7206 | |
---|
7207 | |
---|
7208 | |
---|
7209 | |
---|
7210 | |
---|
7211 | </div> |
---|
7212 | |
---|
7213 | |
---|
7214 | |
---|
7215 | |
---|
7216 | |
---|
7217 | |
---|
7218 | |
---|
7219 | |
---|
7220 | |
---|
7221 | |
---|
7222 | |
---|
7223 | |
---|
7224 | |
---|
7225 | <p> </p> |
---|
7226 | |
---|
7227 | |
---|
7228 | |
---|
7229 | |
---|
7230 | |
---|
7231 | |
---|
7232 | |
---|
7233 | |
---|
7234 | |
---|
7235 | |
---|
7236 | |
---|
7237 | |
---|
7238 | |
---|
7239 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span><br> |
---|
7240 | |
---|
7241 | |
---|
7242 | |
---|
7243 | |
---|
7244 | |
---|
7245 | |
---|
7246 | |
---|
7247 | </p> |
---|
7248 | |
---|
7249 | |
---|
7250 | |
---|
7251 | |
---|
7252 | |
---|
7253 | |
---|
7254 | |
---|
7255 | |
---|
7256 | |
---|
7257 | |
---|
7258 | |
---|
7259 | |
---|
7260 | |
---|
7261 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The |
---|
7262 | upstream-spline scheme is |
---|
7263 | used |
---|
7264 | (see Mahrer and Pielke, |
---|
7265 | 1978: Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830). In opposite to the |
---|
7266 | Piascek-Williams scheme, this is characterized by much better numerical |
---|
7267 | features (less numerical diffusion, better preservation of flow |
---|
7268 | structures, e.g. vortices), but computationally it is much more |
---|
7269 | expensive. In |
---|
7270 | addition, the use of the Euler-timestep scheme is mandatory (<a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
---|
7271 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><i>euler'</i>), |
---|
7272 | i.e. the |
---|
7273 | timestep accuracy is only of first order. |
---|
7274 | For this reason the advection of scalar variables (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>) |
---|
7275 | should then also be carried out with the upstream-spline scheme, |
---|
7276 | because otherwise the scalar variables would |
---|
7277 | be subject to large numerical diffusion due to the upstream |
---|
7278 | scheme. </div> |
---|
7279 | |
---|
7280 | |
---|
7281 | |
---|
7282 | |
---|
7283 | |
---|
7284 | |
---|
7285 | |
---|
7286 | |
---|
7287 | |
---|
7288 | |
---|
7289 | |
---|
7290 | |
---|
7291 | |
---|
7292 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">Since |
---|
7293 | the cubic splines used tend |
---|
7294 | to overshoot under |
---|
7295 | certain circumstances, this effect must be adjusted by suitable |
---|
7296 | filtering and smoothing (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>, |
---|
7297 | <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>, |
---|
7298 | <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_u">ups_limit_u</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_v">ups_limit_v</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_w">ups_limit_w</a>). |
---|
7299 | This is always neccessary for runs with stable stratification, |
---|
7300 | even if this stratification appears only in parts of the model domain.<br> |
---|
7301 | |
---|
7302 | |
---|
7303 | |
---|
7304 | |
---|
7305 | |
---|
7306 | |
---|
7307 | |
---|
7308 | </p> |
---|
7309 | |
---|
7310 | |
---|
7311 | |
---|
7312 | |
---|
7313 | |
---|
7314 | |
---|
7315 | |
---|
7316 | |
---|
7317 | |
---|
7318 | |
---|
7319 | |
---|
7320 | |
---|
7321 | |
---|
7322 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">With stable |
---|
7323 | stratification the |
---|
7324 | upstream-spline scheme also |
---|
7325 | produces gravity waves with large amplitude, which must be |
---|
7326 | suitably damped (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#rayleigh_damping_factor">rayleigh_damping_factor</a>).<br> |
---|
7327 | |
---|
7328 | |
---|
7329 | |
---|
7330 | |
---|
7331 | |
---|
7332 | |
---|
7333 | |
---|
7334 | <br> |
---|
7335 | |
---|
7336 | |
---|
7337 | |
---|
7338 | |
---|
7339 | |
---|
7340 | |
---|
7341 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Important: </span>The |
---|
7342 | upstream-spline scheme is not implemented for humidity and passive |
---|
7343 | scalars (see <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> |
---|
7344 | and <a href="#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>) |
---|
7345 | and requires the use of a 2d-domain-decomposition. The last conditions |
---|
7346 | severely restricts code optimization on several machines leading to |
---|
7347 | very long execution times! The scheme is also not allowed for |
---|
7348 | non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
7349 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</div> |
---|
7350 | |
---|
7351 | |
---|
7352 | |
---|
7353 | |
---|
7354 | |
---|
7355 | |
---|
7356 | </td> |
---|
7357 | |
---|
7358 | |
---|
7359 | |
---|
7360 | |
---|
7361 | |
---|
7362 | |
---|
7363 | |
---|
7364 | </tr> |
---|
7365 | |
---|
7366 | |
---|
7367 | |
---|
7368 | |
---|
7369 | |
---|
7370 | |
---|
7371 | <tr> |
---|
7372 | |
---|
7373 | |
---|
7374 | |
---|
7375 | |
---|
7376 | |
---|
7377 | |
---|
7378 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="netcdf_precision"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span><br> |
---|
7379 | |
---|
7380 | |
---|
7381 | |
---|
7382 | |
---|
7383 | |
---|
7384 | |
---|
7385 | |
---|
7386 | </td> |
---|
7387 | |
---|
7388 | |
---|
7389 | |
---|
7390 | |
---|
7391 | |
---|
7392 | |
---|
7393 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C*20<br> |
---|
7394 | |
---|
7395 | |
---|
7396 | |
---|
7397 | |
---|
7398 | |
---|
7399 | |
---|
7400 | |
---|
7401 | (10)<br> |
---|
7402 | |
---|
7403 | |
---|
7404 | |
---|
7405 | |
---|
7406 | |
---|
7407 | |
---|
7408 | </td> |
---|
7409 | |
---|
7410 | |
---|
7411 | |
---|
7412 | |
---|
7413 | |
---|
7414 | |
---|
7415 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">single preci-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
7416 | |
---|
7417 | |
---|
7418 | |
---|
7419 | |
---|
7420 | |
---|
7421 | |
---|
7422 | <span style="font-style: italic;">sion for all</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
7423 | |
---|
7424 | |
---|
7425 | |
---|
7426 | |
---|
7427 | |
---|
7428 | |
---|
7429 | <span style="font-style: italic;">output quan-</span><br style="font-style: italic;"> |
---|
7430 | |
---|
7431 | |
---|
7432 | |
---|
7433 | |
---|
7434 | |
---|
7435 | |
---|
7436 | <span style="font-style: italic;">tities</span><br> |
---|
7437 | |
---|
7438 | |
---|
7439 | |
---|
7440 | |
---|
7441 | |
---|
7442 | |
---|
7443 | </td> |
---|
7444 | |
---|
7445 | |
---|
7446 | |
---|
7447 | |
---|
7448 | |
---|
7449 | |
---|
7450 | |
---|
7451 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Defines the accuracy of |
---|
7452 | the NetCDF output.<br> |
---|
7453 | |
---|
7454 | |
---|
7455 | |
---|
7456 | |
---|
7457 | |
---|
7458 | |
---|
7459 | <br> |
---|
7460 | |
---|
7461 | |
---|
7462 | |
---|
7463 | |
---|
7464 | |
---|
7465 | |
---|
7466 | |
---|
7467 | By default, all NetCDF output data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>) |
---|
7468 | have single precision (4 byte) accuracy. Double precision (8 |
---|
7469 | byte) can be choosen alternatively.<br> |
---|
7470 | |
---|
7471 | |
---|
7472 | |
---|
7473 | |
---|
7474 | |
---|
7475 | |
---|
7476 | |
---|
7477 | Accuracy for the different output data (cross sections, 3d-volume data, |
---|
7478 | spectra, etc.) can be set independently.<br> |
---|
7479 | |
---|
7480 | |
---|
7481 | |
---|
7482 | |
---|
7483 | |
---|
7484 | |
---|
7485 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>_NF90_REAL4'</span> |
---|
7486 | (single precision) or <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>_NF90_REAL8'</span> |
---|
7487 | (double precision) are the two principally allowed values for <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span>, |
---|
7488 | where the string <span style="font-style: italic;">'<out>' |
---|
7489 | </span>can be chosen out of the following list:<br> |
---|
7490 | |
---|
7491 | |
---|
7492 | |
---|
7493 | |
---|
7494 | |
---|
7495 | |
---|
7496 | <br> |
---|
7497 | |
---|
7498 | |
---|
7499 | |
---|
7500 | |
---|
7501 | |
---|
7502 | |
---|
7503 | |
---|
7504 | |
---|
7505 | |
---|
7506 | |
---|
7507 | |
---|
7508 | |
---|
7509 | |
---|
7510 | <table style="text-align: left; width: 284px; height: 234px;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> |
---|
7511 | |
---|
7512 | |
---|
7513 | |
---|
7514 | |
---|
7515 | |
---|
7516 | |
---|
7517 | <tbody> |
---|
7518 | |
---|
7519 | |
---|
7520 | |
---|
7521 | |
---|
7522 | |
---|
7523 | |
---|
7524 | |
---|
7525 | <tr> |
---|
7526 | |
---|
7527 | |
---|
7528 | |
---|
7529 | |
---|
7530 | |
---|
7531 | |
---|
7532 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xy'</span><br> |
---|
7533 | |
---|
7534 | |
---|
7535 | |
---|
7536 | |
---|
7537 | |
---|
7538 | |
---|
7539 | </td> |
---|
7540 | |
---|
7541 | |
---|
7542 | |
---|
7543 | |
---|
7544 | |
---|
7545 | |
---|
7546 | |
---|
7547 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">horizontal cross section<br> |
---|
7548 | |
---|
7549 | |
---|
7550 | |
---|
7551 | |
---|
7552 | |
---|
7553 | |
---|
7554 | |
---|
7555 | </td> |
---|
7556 | |
---|
7557 | |
---|
7558 | |
---|
7559 | |
---|
7560 | |
---|
7561 | |
---|
7562 | </tr> |
---|
7563 | |
---|
7564 | |
---|
7565 | |
---|
7566 | |
---|
7567 | |
---|
7568 | |
---|
7569 | <tr> |
---|
7570 | |
---|
7571 | |
---|
7572 | |
---|
7573 | |
---|
7574 | |
---|
7575 | |
---|
7576 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'xz'</span><br> |
---|
7577 | |
---|
7578 | |
---|
7579 | |
---|
7580 | |
---|
7581 | |
---|
7582 | |
---|
7583 | </td> |
---|
7584 | |
---|
7585 | |
---|
7586 | |
---|
7587 | |
---|
7588 | |
---|
7589 | |
---|
7590 | |
---|
7591 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (xz) cross |
---|
7592 | section<br> |
---|
7593 | |
---|
7594 | |
---|
7595 | |
---|
7596 | |
---|
7597 | |
---|
7598 | |
---|
7599 | </td> |
---|
7600 | |
---|
7601 | |
---|
7602 | |
---|
7603 | |
---|
7604 | |
---|
7605 | |
---|
7606 | </tr> |
---|
7607 | |
---|
7608 | |
---|
7609 | |
---|
7610 | |
---|
7611 | |
---|
7612 | |
---|
7613 | <tr> |
---|
7614 | |
---|
7615 | |
---|
7616 | |
---|
7617 | |
---|
7618 | |
---|
7619 | |
---|
7620 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'yz'</span><br> |
---|
7621 | |
---|
7622 | |
---|
7623 | |
---|
7624 | |
---|
7625 | |
---|
7626 | |
---|
7627 | </td> |
---|
7628 | |
---|
7629 | |
---|
7630 | |
---|
7631 | |
---|
7632 | |
---|
7633 | |
---|
7634 | |
---|
7635 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical (yz) cross |
---|
7636 | section<br> |
---|
7637 | |
---|
7638 | |
---|
7639 | |
---|
7640 | |
---|
7641 | |
---|
7642 | |
---|
7643 | </td> |
---|
7644 | |
---|
7645 | |
---|
7646 | |
---|
7647 | |
---|
7648 | |
---|
7649 | |
---|
7650 | </tr> |
---|
7651 | |
---|
7652 | |
---|
7653 | |
---|
7654 | |
---|
7655 | |
---|
7656 | |
---|
7657 | <tr> |
---|
7658 | |
---|
7659 | |
---|
7660 | |
---|
7661 | |
---|
7662 | |
---|
7663 | |
---|
7664 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'2d'</span><br> |
---|
7665 | |
---|
7666 | |
---|
7667 | |
---|
7668 | |
---|
7669 | |
---|
7670 | |
---|
7671 | </td> |
---|
7672 | |
---|
7673 | |
---|
7674 | |
---|
7675 | |
---|
7676 | |
---|
7677 | |
---|
7678 | |
---|
7679 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">all cross sections<br> |
---|
7680 | |
---|
7681 | |
---|
7682 | |
---|
7683 | |
---|
7684 | |
---|
7685 | |
---|
7686 | |
---|
7687 | </td> |
---|
7688 | |
---|
7689 | |
---|
7690 | |
---|
7691 | |
---|
7692 | |
---|
7693 | |
---|
7694 | </tr> |
---|
7695 | |
---|
7696 | |
---|
7697 | |
---|
7698 | |
---|
7699 | |
---|
7700 | |
---|
7701 | <tr> |
---|
7702 | |
---|
7703 | |
---|
7704 | |
---|
7705 | |
---|
7706 | |
---|
7707 | |
---|
7708 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'3d'</span><br> |
---|
7709 | |
---|
7710 | |
---|
7711 | |
---|
7712 | |
---|
7713 | |
---|
7714 | |
---|
7715 | </td> |
---|
7716 | |
---|
7717 | |
---|
7718 | |
---|
7719 | |
---|
7720 | |
---|
7721 | |
---|
7722 | |
---|
7723 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">volume data<br> |
---|
7724 | |
---|
7725 | |
---|
7726 | |
---|
7727 | |
---|
7728 | |
---|
7729 | |
---|
7730 | </td> |
---|
7731 | |
---|
7732 | |
---|
7733 | |
---|
7734 | |
---|
7735 | |
---|
7736 | |
---|
7737 | |
---|
7738 | </tr> |
---|
7739 | |
---|
7740 | |
---|
7741 | |
---|
7742 | |
---|
7743 | |
---|
7744 | |
---|
7745 | <tr> |
---|
7746 | |
---|
7747 | |
---|
7748 | |
---|
7749 | |
---|
7750 | |
---|
7751 | |
---|
7752 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'pr'</span><br> |
---|
7753 | |
---|
7754 | |
---|
7755 | |
---|
7756 | |
---|
7757 | |
---|
7758 | |
---|
7759 | </td> |
---|
7760 | |
---|
7761 | |
---|
7762 | |
---|
7763 | |
---|
7764 | |
---|
7765 | |
---|
7766 | |
---|
7767 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">vertical profiles<br> |
---|
7768 | |
---|
7769 | |
---|
7770 | |
---|
7771 | |
---|
7772 | |
---|
7773 | |
---|
7774 | |
---|
7775 | </td> |
---|
7776 | |
---|
7777 | |
---|
7778 | |
---|
7779 | |
---|
7780 | |
---|
7781 | |
---|
7782 | </tr> |
---|
7783 | |
---|
7784 | |
---|
7785 | |
---|
7786 | |
---|
7787 | |
---|
7788 | |
---|
7789 | <tr> |
---|
7790 | |
---|
7791 | |
---|
7792 | |
---|
7793 | |
---|
7794 | |
---|
7795 | |
---|
7796 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'ts'</span><br> |
---|
7797 | |
---|
7798 | |
---|
7799 | |
---|
7800 | |
---|
7801 | |
---|
7802 | |
---|
7803 | </td> |
---|
7804 | |
---|
7805 | |
---|
7806 | |
---|
7807 | |
---|
7808 | |
---|
7809 | |
---|
7810 | |
---|
7811 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">time series, particle |
---|
7812 | time series<br> |
---|
7813 | |
---|
7814 | |
---|
7815 | |
---|
7816 | |
---|
7817 | |
---|
7818 | |
---|
7819 | </td> |
---|
7820 | |
---|
7821 | |
---|
7822 | |
---|
7823 | |
---|
7824 | |
---|
7825 | |
---|
7826 | </tr> |
---|
7827 | |
---|
7828 | |
---|
7829 | |
---|
7830 | |
---|
7831 | |
---|
7832 | |
---|
7833 | <tr> |
---|
7834 | |
---|
7835 | |
---|
7836 | |
---|
7837 | |
---|
7838 | |
---|
7839 | |
---|
7840 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'sp'</span><br> |
---|
7841 | |
---|
7842 | |
---|
7843 | |
---|
7844 | |
---|
7845 | |
---|
7846 | |
---|
7847 | </td> |
---|
7848 | |
---|
7849 | |
---|
7850 | |
---|
7851 | |
---|
7852 | |
---|
7853 | |
---|
7854 | |
---|
7855 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">spectra<br> |
---|
7856 | |
---|
7857 | |
---|
7858 | |
---|
7859 | |
---|
7860 | |
---|
7861 | |
---|
7862 | </td> |
---|
7863 | |
---|
7864 | |
---|
7865 | |
---|
7866 | |
---|
7867 | |
---|
7868 | |
---|
7869 | |
---|
7870 | </tr> |
---|
7871 | |
---|
7872 | |
---|
7873 | |
---|
7874 | |
---|
7875 | |
---|
7876 | |
---|
7877 | <tr> |
---|
7878 | |
---|
7879 | |
---|
7880 | |
---|
7881 | |
---|
7882 | |
---|
7883 | |
---|
7884 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'prt'</span><br> |
---|
7885 | |
---|
7886 | |
---|
7887 | |
---|
7888 | |
---|
7889 | |
---|
7890 | |
---|
7891 | </td> |
---|
7892 | |
---|
7893 | |
---|
7894 | |
---|
7895 | |
---|
7896 | |
---|
7897 | |
---|
7898 | |
---|
7899 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">particles<br> |
---|
7900 | |
---|
7901 | |
---|
7902 | |
---|
7903 | |
---|
7904 | |
---|
7905 | |
---|
7906 | </td> |
---|
7907 | |
---|
7908 | |
---|
7909 | |
---|
7910 | |
---|
7911 | |
---|
7912 | |
---|
7913 | |
---|
7914 | </tr> |
---|
7915 | |
---|
7916 | |
---|
7917 | |
---|
7918 | |
---|
7919 | |
---|
7920 | |
---|
7921 | <tr> |
---|
7922 | |
---|
7923 | |
---|
7924 | |
---|
7925 | |
---|
7926 | |
---|
7927 | |
---|
7928 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'all'</span><br> |
---|
7929 | |
---|
7930 | |
---|
7931 | |
---|
7932 | |
---|
7933 | |
---|
7934 | |
---|
7935 | </td> |
---|
7936 | |
---|
7937 | |
---|
7938 | |
---|
7939 | |
---|
7940 | |
---|
7941 | |
---|
7942 | |
---|
7943 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">all output quantities<br> |
---|
7944 | |
---|
7945 | |
---|
7946 | |
---|
7947 | |
---|
7948 | |
---|
7949 | |
---|
7950 | |
---|
7951 | </td> |
---|
7952 | |
---|
7953 | |
---|
7954 | |
---|
7955 | |
---|
7956 | |
---|
7957 | |
---|
7958 | </tr> |
---|
7959 | |
---|
7960 | |
---|
7961 | |
---|
7962 | |
---|
7963 | |
---|
7964 | |
---|
7965 | |
---|
7966 | |
---|
7967 | |
---|
7968 | |
---|
7969 | |
---|
7970 | |
---|
7971 | |
---|
7972 | </tbody> |
---|
7973 | |
---|
7974 | |
---|
7975 | |
---|
7976 | |
---|
7977 | |
---|
7978 | |
---|
7979 | </table> |
---|
7980 | |
---|
7981 | |
---|
7982 | |
---|
7983 | |
---|
7984 | |
---|
7985 | |
---|
7986 | <br> |
---|
7987 | |
---|
7988 | |
---|
7989 | |
---|
7990 | |
---|
7991 | |
---|
7992 | |
---|
7993 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Example:</span><br> |
---|
7994 | |
---|
7995 | |
---|
7996 | |
---|
7997 | |
---|
7998 | |
---|
7999 | |
---|
8000 | |
---|
8001 | If all cross section data and the particle data shall be output in |
---|
8002 | double precision and all other quantities in single precision, then <span style="font-weight: bold;">netcdf_precision</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'2d_NF90_REAL8'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'prt_NF90_REAL8'</span> |
---|
8003 | has to be assigned.<br> |
---|
8004 | |
---|
8005 | |
---|
8006 | |
---|
8007 | |
---|
8008 | |
---|
8009 | |
---|
8010 | </td> |
---|
8011 | |
---|
8012 | |
---|
8013 | |
---|
8014 | |
---|
8015 | |
---|
8016 | |
---|
8017 | </tr> |
---|
8018 | |
---|
8019 | |
---|
8020 | |
---|
8021 | |
---|
8022 | |
---|
8023 | |
---|
8024 | |
---|
8025 | |
---|
8026 | |
---|
8027 | |
---|
8028 | |
---|
8029 | |
---|
8030 | |
---|
8031 | |
---|
8032 | |
---|
8033 | |
---|
8034 | |
---|
8035 | |
---|
8036 | |
---|
8037 | |
---|
8038 | |
---|
8039 | |
---|
8040 | <tr> |
---|
8041 | |
---|
8042 | |
---|
8043 | |
---|
8044 | |
---|
8045 | |
---|
8046 | |
---|
8047 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8048 | |
---|
8049 | |
---|
8050 | |
---|
8051 | |
---|
8052 | |
---|
8053 | |
---|
8054 | <p><a name="nsor_ini"></a><b>nsor_ini</b></p> |
---|
8055 | |
---|
8056 | |
---|
8057 | |
---|
8058 | |
---|
8059 | |
---|
8060 | |
---|
8061 | |
---|
8062 | </td> |
---|
8063 | |
---|
8064 | |
---|
8065 | |
---|
8066 | |
---|
8067 | |
---|
8068 | |
---|
8069 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
8070 | |
---|
8071 | |
---|
8072 | |
---|
8073 | |
---|
8074 | |
---|
8075 | |
---|
8076 | |
---|
8077 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>100</i></td> |
---|
8078 | |
---|
8079 | |
---|
8080 | |
---|
8081 | |
---|
8082 | |
---|
8083 | |
---|
8084 | |
---|
8085 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8086 | |
---|
8087 | |
---|
8088 | |
---|
8089 | |
---|
8090 | |
---|
8091 | |
---|
8092 | <p>Initial number |
---|
8093 | of iterations with the SOR algorithm. </p> |
---|
8094 | |
---|
8095 | |
---|
8096 | |
---|
8097 | |
---|
8098 | |
---|
8099 | |
---|
8100 | |
---|
8101 | |
---|
8102 | |
---|
8103 | |
---|
8104 | |
---|
8105 | |
---|
8106 | |
---|
8107 | <p>This |
---|
8108 | parameter is only effective if the SOR algorithm was |
---|
8109 | selected as the pressure solver scheme (<a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a> |
---|
8110 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'sor'</span>) |
---|
8111 | and specifies the |
---|
8112 | number of initial iterations of the SOR |
---|
8113 | scheme (at t = 0). The number of subsequent iterations at the following |
---|
8114 | timesteps is determined |
---|
8115 | with the parameter <a href="#nsor">nsor</a>. |
---|
8116 | Usually <b>nsor</b> < <b>nsor_ini</b>, |
---|
8117 | since in each case |
---|
8118 | subsequent calls to <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a> |
---|
8119 | use the solution of the previous call as initial value. Suitable |
---|
8120 | test runs should determine whether sufficient convergence of the |
---|
8121 | solution is obtained with the default value and if necessary the value |
---|
8122 | of <b>nsor_ini</b> should be changed.</p> |
---|
8123 | |
---|
8124 | |
---|
8125 | |
---|
8126 | |
---|
8127 | |
---|
8128 | |
---|
8129 | </td> |
---|
8130 | |
---|
8131 | |
---|
8132 | |
---|
8133 | |
---|
8134 | |
---|
8135 | |
---|
8136 | |
---|
8137 | </tr> |
---|
8138 | |
---|
8139 | |
---|
8140 | |
---|
8141 | |
---|
8142 | |
---|
8143 | |
---|
8144 | <tr> |
---|
8145 | |
---|
8146 | |
---|
8147 | |
---|
8148 | |
---|
8149 | |
---|
8150 | |
---|
8151 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8152 | |
---|
8153 | |
---|
8154 | |
---|
8155 | |
---|
8156 | |
---|
8157 | |
---|
8158 | <p><a name="nx"></a><b>nx</b></p> |
---|
8159 | |
---|
8160 | |
---|
8161 | |
---|
8162 | |
---|
8163 | |
---|
8164 | |
---|
8165 | |
---|
8166 | </td> |
---|
8167 | |
---|
8168 | |
---|
8169 | |
---|
8170 | |
---|
8171 | |
---|
8172 | |
---|
8173 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
8174 | |
---|
8175 | |
---|
8176 | |
---|
8177 | |
---|
8178 | |
---|
8179 | |
---|
8180 | |
---|
8181 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
---|
8182 | |
---|
8183 | |
---|
8184 | |
---|
8185 | |
---|
8186 | |
---|
8187 | |
---|
8188 | </td> |
---|
8189 | |
---|
8190 | |
---|
8191 | |
---|
8192 | |
---|
8193 | |
---|
8194 | |
---|
8195 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8196 | |
---|
8197 | |
---|
8198 | |
---|
8199 | |
---|
8200 | |
---|
8201 | |
---|
8202 | <p>Number of grid |
---|
8203 | points in x-direction. </p> |
---|
8204 | |
---|
8205 | |
---|
8206 | |
---|
8207 | |
---|
8208 | |
---|
8209 | |
---|
8210 | |
---|
8211 | |
---|
8212 | |
---|
8213 | |
---|
8214 | |
---|
8215 | |
---|
8216 | |
---|
8217 | <p>A value for this |
---|
8218 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
---|
8219 | array bound in PALM |
---|
8220 | starts with i = 0, the actual number of grid points is equal to <b>nx+1</b>. |
---|
8221 | In case of cyclic boundary conditions along x, the domain size is (<b>nx+1</b>)* |
---|
8222 | <a href="#dx">dx</a>.</p> |
---|
8223 | |
---|
8224 | |
---|
8225 | |
---|
8226 | |
---|
8227 | |
---|
8228 | |
---|
8229 | |
---|
8230 | |
---|
8231 | |
---|
8232 | |
---|
8233 | |
---|
8234 | |
---|
8235 | |
---|
8236 | <p>For |
---|
8237 | parallel runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
---|
8238 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
---|
8239 | <b>nx+1</b> must |
---|
8240 | be an integral multiple |
---|
8241 | of the processor numbers (see <a href="#npex">npex</a> |
---|
8242 | and <a href="#npey">npey</a>) |
---|
8243 | along x- as well as along y-direction (due to data |
---|
8244 | transposition restrictions).</p> |
---|
8245 | |
---|
8246 | |
---|
8247 | |
---|
8248 | |
---|
8249 | |
---|
8250 | |
---|
8251 | |
---|
8252 | |
---|
8253 | |
---|
8254 | |
---|
8255 | |
---|
8256 | |
---|
8257 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
---|
8258 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
---|
8259 | |
---|
8260 | |
---|
8261 | |
---|
8262 | |
---|
8263 | |
---|
8264 | |
---|
8265 | </td> |
---|
8266 | |
---|
8267 | |
---|
8268 | |
---|
8269 | |
---|
8270 | |
---|
8271 | |
---|
8272 | </tr> |
---|
8273 | |
---|
8274 | |
---|
8275 | |
---|
8276 | |
---|
8277 | |
---|
8278 | |
---|
8279 | <tr> |
---|
8280 | |
---|
8281 | |
---|
8282 | |
---|
8283 | |
---|
8284 | |
---|
8285 | |
---|
8286 | |
---|
8287 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8288 | |
---|
8289 | |
---|
8290 | |
---|
8291 | |
---|
8292 | |
---|
8293 | |
---|
8294 | <p><a name="ny"></a><b>ny</b></p> |
---|
8295 | |
---|
8296 | |
---|
8297 | |
---|
8298 | |
---|
8299 | |
---|
8300 | |
---|
8301 | |
---|
8302 | </td> |
---|
8303 | |
---|
8304 | |
---|
8305 | |
---|
8306 | |
---|
8307 | |
---|
8308 | |
---|
8309 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
8310 | |
---|
8311 | |
---|
8312 | |
---|
8313 | |
---|
8314 | |
---|
8315 | |
---|
8316 | |
---|
8317 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
---|
8318 | |
---|
8319 | |
---|
8320 | |
---|
8321 | |
---|
8322 | |
---|
8323 | |
---|
8324 | </td> |
---|
8325 | |
---|
8326 | |
---|
8327 | |
---|
8328 | |
---|
8329 | |
---|
8330 | |
---|
8331 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8332 | |
---|
8333 | |
---|
8334 | |
---|
8335 | |
---|
8336 | |
---|
8337 | |
---|
8338 | <p>Number of grid |
---|
8339 | points in y-direction. </p> |
---|
8340 | |
---|
8341 | |
---|
8342 | |
---|
8343 | |
---|
8344 | |
---|
8345 | |
---|
8346 | |
---|
8347 | |
---|
8348 | |
---|
8349 | |
---|
8350 | |
---|
8351 | |
---|
8352 | |
---|
8353 | <p>A value for this |
---|
8354 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
---|
8355 | array bound in PALM starts with j = 0, the actual number of grid points |
---|
8356 | is equal to <b>ny+1</b>. In case of cyclic boundary |
---|
8357 | conditions along |
---|
8358 | y, the domain size is (<b>ny+1</b>) * <a href="#dy">dy</a>.</p> |
---|
8359 | |
---|
8360 | |
---|
8361 | |
---|
8362 | |
---|
8363 | |
---|
8364 | |
---|
8365 | |
---|
8366 | |
---|
8367 | |
---|
8368 | |
---|
8369 | |
---|
8370 | |
---|
8371 | |
---|
8372 | <p>For parallel runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
---|
8373 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
---|
8374 | <b>ny+1</b> must |
---|
8375 | be an integral multiple |
---|
8376 | of the processor numbers (see <a href="#npex">npex</a> |
---|
8377 | and <a href="#npey">npey</a>) |
---|
8378 | along y- as well as along x-direction (due to data |
---|
8379 | transposition restrictions).</p> |
---|
8380 | |
---|
8381 | |
---|
8382 | |
---|
8383 | |
---|
8384 | |
---|
8385 | |
---|
8386 | |
---|
8387 | |
---|
8388 | |
---|
8389 | |
---|
8390 | |
---|
8391 | |
---|
8392 | <p>For <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled runs</a> this parameter must be equal in both parameter files <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2"><span style="font-family: mon;"></span>PARIN</font></a> |
---|
8393 | and <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a>.</p> |
---|
8394 | |
---|
8395 | |
---|
8396 | |
---|
8397 | |
---|
8398 | |
---|
8399 | |
---|
8400 | </td> |
---|
8401 | |
---|
8402 | |
---|
8403 | |
---|
8404 | |
---|
8405 | |
---|
8406 | |
---|
8407 | </tr> |
---|
8408 | |
---|
8409 | |
---|
8410 | |
---|
8411 | |
---|
8412 | |
---|
8413 | |
---|
8414 | <tr> |
---|
8415 | |
---|
8416 | |
---|
8417 | |
---|
8418 | |
---|
8419 | |
---|
8420 | |
---|
8421 | |
---|
8422 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8423 | |
---|
8424 | |
---|
8425 | |
---|
8426 | |
---|
8427 | |
---|
8428 | |
---|
8429 | <p><a name="nz"></a><b>nz</b></p> |
---|
8430 | |
---|
8431 | |
---|
8432 | |
---|
8433 | |
---|
8434 | |
---|
8435 | |
---|
8436 | |
---|
8437 | </td> |
---|
8438 | |
---|
8439 | |
---|
8440 | |
---|
8441 | |
---|
8442 | |
---|
8443 | |
---|
8444 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
8445 | |
---|
8446 | |
---|
8447 | |
---|
8448 | |
---|
8449 | |
---|
8450 | |
---|
8451 | |
---|
8452 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br> |
---|
8453 | |
---|
8454 | |
---|
8455 | |
---|
8456 | |
---|
8457 | |
---|
8458 | |
---|
8459 | </td> |
---|
8460 | |
---|
8461 | |
---|
8462 | |
---|
8463 | |
---|
8464 | |
---|
8465 | |
---|
8466 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8467 | |
---|
8468 | |
---|
8469 | |
---|
8470 | |
---|
8471 | |
---|
8472 | |
---|
8473 | <p>Number of grid |
---|
8474 | points in z-direction. </p> |
---|
8475 | |
---|
8476 | |
---|
8477 | |
---|
8478 | |
---|
8479 | |
---|
8480 | |
---|
8481 | |
---|
8482 | |
---|
8483 | |
---|
8484 | |
---|
8485 | |
---|
8486 | |
---|
8487 | |
---|
8488 | <p>A value for this |
---|
8489 | parameter must be assigned. Since the lower |
---|
8490 | array bound in PALM |
---|
8491 | starts with k = 0 and since one additional grid point is added at the |
---|
8492 | top boundary (k = <b>nz+1</b>), the actual number of grid |
---|
8493 | points is <b>nz+2</b>. |
---|
8494 | However, the prognostic equations are only solved up to <b>nz</b> |
---|
8495 | (u, |
---|
8496 | v) |
---|
8497 | or up to <b>nz-1</b> (w, scalar quantities). The top |
---|
8498 | boundary for u |
---|
8499 | and v is at k = <b>nz+1</b> (u, v) while at k = <b>nz</b> |
---|
8500 | for all |
---|
8501 | other quantities. </p> |
---|
8502 | |
---|
8503 | |
---|
8504 | |
---|
8505 | |
---|
8506 | |
---|
8507 | |
---|
8508 | |
---|
8509 | |
---|
8510 | |
---|
8511 | |
---|
8512 | |
---|
8513 | |
---|
8514 | |
---|
8515 | <p>For parallel |
---|
8516 | runs, in case of <a href="#grid_matching">grid_matching</a> |
---|
8517 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'strict'</span>, |
---|
8518 | <b>nz</b> must |
---|
8519 | be an integral multiple of |
---|
8520 | the number of processors in x-direction (due to data transposition |
---|
8521 | restrictions).</p> |
---|
8522 | |
---|
8523 | |
---|
8524 | |
---|
8525 | |
---|
8526 | |
---|
8527 | |
---|
8528 | </td> |
---|
8529 | |
---|
8530 | |
---|
8531 | |
---|
8532 | |
---|
8533 | |
---|
8534 | |
---|
8535 | </tr> |
---|
8536 | |
---|
8537 | |
---|
8538 | |
---|
8539 | |
---|
8540 | |
---|
8541 | |
---|
8542 | <tr> |
---|
8543 | |
---|
8544 | |
---|
8545 | |
---|
8546 | |
---|
8547 | |
---|
8548 | |
---|
8549 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="ocean"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span></td> |
---|
8550 | |
---|
8551 | |
---|
8552 | |
---|
8553 | |
---|
8554 | |
---|
8555 | |
---|
8556 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
8557 | |
---|
8558 | |
---|
8559 | |
---|
8560 | |
---|
8561 | |
---|
8562 | |
---|
8563 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
---|
8564 | |
---|
8565 | |
---|
8566 | |
---|
8567 | |
---|
8568 | |
---|
8569 | |
---|
8570 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Parameter to switch on ocean runs.<br> |
---|
8571 | |
---|
8572 | |
---|
8573 | |
---|
8574 | |
---|
8575 | |
---|
8576 | |
---|
8577 | <br> |
---|
8578 | |
---|
8579 | |
---|
8580 | |
---|
8581 | |
---|
8582 | |
---|
8583 | |
---|
8584 | By default PALM is configured to simulate atmospheric flows. However, starting from version 3.3, <span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> allows simulation of ocean turbulent flows. Setting this switch has several effects:<br> |
---|
8585 | |
---|
8586 | |
---|
8587 | |
---|
8588 | |
---|
8589 | |
---|
8590 | |
---|
8591 | <br> |
---|
8592 | |
---|
8593 | |
---|
8594 | |
---|
8595 | |
---|
8596 | |
---|
8597 | |
---|
8598 | |
---|
8599 | |
---|
8600 | |
---|
8601 | |
---|
8602 | |
---|
8603 | |
---|
8604 | <ul> |
---|
8605 | |
---|
8606 | |
---|
8607 | |
---|
8608 | |
---|
8609 | |
---|
8610 | |
---|
8611 | <li>An additional prognostic equation for salinity is solved.</li> |
---|
8612 | |
---|
8613 | |
---|
8614 | |
---|
8615 | |
---|
8616 | |
---|
8617 | |
---|
8618 | <li>Potential temperature in buoyancy and stability-related terms is replaced by potential density.</li> |
---|
8619 | |
---|
8620 | |
---|
8621 | |
---|
8622 | |
---|
8623 | |
---|
8624 | |
---|
8625 | <li>Potential |
---|
8626 | density is calculated from the equation of state for seawater after |
---|
8627 | each timestep, using the algorithm proposed by Jackett et al. (2006, J. |
---|
8628 | Atmos. Oceanic Technol., <span style="font-weight: bold;">23</span>, 1709-1728).<br> |
---|
8629 | |
---|
8630 | |
---|
8631 | |
---|
8632 | |
---|
8633 | |
---|
8634 | |
---|
8635 | So far, only the initial hydrostatic pressure is entered into this equation.</li> |
---|
8636 | |
---|
8637 | |
---|
8638 | |
---|
8639 | |
---|
8640 | |
---|
8641 | |
---|
8642 | <li>z=0 (sea surface) is assumed at the model top (vertical grid index <span style="font-family: Courier New,Courier,monospace;">k=nzt</span> on the w-grid), with negative values of z indicating the depth.</li> |
---|
8643 | |
---|
8644 | |
---|
8645 | |
---|
8646 | |
---|
8647 | |
---|
8648 | |
---|
8649 | <li>Initial profiles are constructed (e.g. from <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> / <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>) starting from the sea surface, using surface values given by <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>, and <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>.</li> |
---|
8650 | |
---|
8651 | |
---|
8652 | |
---|
8653 | |
---|
8654 | |
---|
8655 | |
---|
8656 | <li>Zero salinity flux is used as default boundary condition at the bottom of the sea.</li> |
---|
8657 | |
---|
8658 | |
---|
8659 | |
---|
8660 | |
---|
8661 | |
---|
8662 | |
---|
8663 | <li>If switched on, random perturbations are by default imposed to the upper model domain from zu(nzt*2/3) to zu(nzt-3).</li> |
---|
8664 | |
---|
8665 | |
---|
8666 | |
---|
8667 | |
---|
8668 | |
---|
8669 | |
---|
8670 | |
---|
8671 | |
---|
8672 | |
---|
8673 | |
---|
8674 | |
---|
8675 | |
---|
8676 | </ul> |
---|
8677 | |
---|
8678 | |
---|
8679 | |
---|
8680 | |
---|
8681 | |
---|
8682 | |
---|
8683 | <br> |
---|
8684 | |
---|
8685 | |
---|
8686 | |
---|
8687 | |
---|
8688 | |
---|
8689 | |
---|
8690 | Relevant parameters to be exclusively used for steering ocean runs are <a href="#bc_sa_t">bc_sa_t</a>, <a href="#bottom_salinityflux">bottom_salinityflux</a>, <a href="#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>, <a href="#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>, and <a href="#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>.<br> |
---|
8691 | |
---|
8692 | |
---|
8693 | |
---|
8694 | |
---|
8695 | |
---|
8696 | |
---|
8697 | <br> |
---|
8698 | |
---|
8699 | |
---|
8700 | |
---|
8701 | |
---|
8702 | |
---|
8703 | |
---|
8704 | Section <a href="chapter_4.2.2.html">4.4.2</a> gives an example for appropriate settings of these and other parameters neccessary for ocean runs.<br> |
---|
8705 | |
---|
8706 | |
---|
8707 | |
---|
8708 | |
---|
8709 | |
---|
8710 | |
---|
8711 | <br> |
---|
8712 | |
---|
8713 | |
---|
8714 | |
---|
8715 | |
---|
8716 | |
---|
8717 | |
---|
8718 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">ocean</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> does not allow settings of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> as well as <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span>.<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><br> |
---|
8719 | |
---|
8720 | |
---|
8721 | |
---|
8722 | </td> |
---|
8723 | |
---|
8724 | |
---|
8725 | |
---|
8726 | |
---|
8727 | |
---|
8728 | |
---|
8729 | </tr> |
---|
8730 | |
---|
8731 | |
---|
8732 | |
---|
8733 | |
---|
8734 | |
---|
8735 | |
---|
8736 | <tr> |
---|
8737 | |
---|
8738 | |
---|
8739 | |
---|
8740 | |
---|
8741 | |
---|
8742 | |
---|
8743 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8744 | |
---|
8745 | |
---|
8746 | |
---|
8747 | |
---|
8748 | |
---|
8749 | |
---|
8750 | <p><a name="omega"></a><b>omega</b></p> |
---|
8751 | |
---|
8752 | |
---|
8753 | |
---|
8754 | |
---|
8755 | |
---|
8756 | |
---|
8757 | |
---|
8758 | </td> |
---|
8759 | |
---|
8760 | |
---|
8761 | |
---|
8762 | |
---|
8763 | |
---|
8764 | |
---|
8765 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
8766 | |
---|
8767 | |
---|
8768 | |
---|
8769 | |
---|
8770 | |
---|
8771 | |
---|
8772 | |
---|
8773 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>7.29212E-5</i></td> |
---|
8774 | |
---|
8775 | |
---|
8776 | |
---|
8777 | |
---|
8778 | |
---|
8779 | |
---|
8780 | |
---|
8781 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8782 | |
---|
8783 | |
---|
8784 | |
---|
8785 | |
---|
8786 | |
---|
8787 | |
---|
8788 | <p>Angular |
---|
8789 | velocity of the rotating system (in rad s<sup>-1</sup>). |
---|
8790 | </p> |
---|
8791 | |
---|
8792 | |
---|
8793 | |
---|
8794 | |
---|
8795 | |
---|
8796 | |
---|
8797 | |
---|
8798 | |
---|
8799 | |
---|
8800 | |
---|
8801 | |
---|
8802 | |
---|
8803 | |
---|
8804 | <p>The angular velocity of the earth is set by |
---|
8805 | default. The |
---|
8806 | values |
---|
8807 | of the Coriolis parameters are calculated as: </p> |
---|
8808 | |
---|
8809 | |
---|
8810 | |
---|
8811 | |
---|
8812 | |
---|
8813 | |
---|
8814 | |
---|
8815 | |
---|
8816 | |
---|
8817 | |
---|
8818 | |
---|
8819 | |
---|
8820 | |
---|
8821 | <ul> |
---|
8822 | |
---|
8823 | |
---|
8824 | |
---|
8825 | |
---|
8826 | |
---|
8827 | |
---|
8828 | |
---|
8829 | |
---|
8830 | |
---|
8831 | |
---|
8832 | |
---|
8833 | |
---|
8834 | |
---|
8835 | <p>f = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * sin(<a href="#phi">phi</a>) |
---|
8836 | <br> |
---|
8837 | |
---|
8838 | |
---|
8839 | |
---|
8840 | |
---|
8841 | |
---|
8842 | |
---|
8843 | f* = 2.0 * <b>omega</b> * cos(<a href="#phi">phi</a>)</p> |
---|
8844 | |
---|
8845 | |
---|
8846 | |
---|
8847 | |
---|
8848 | |
---|
8849 | |
---|
8850 | |
---|
8851 | |
---|
8852 | |
---|
8853 | |
---|
8854 | |
---|
8855 | |
---|
8856 | |
---|
8857 | </ul> |
---|
8858 | |
---|
8859 | |
---|
8860 | |
---|
8861 | |
---|
8862 | |
---|
8863 | |
---|
8864 | </td> |
---|
8865 | |
---|
8866 | |
---|
8867 | |
---|
8868 | |
---|
8869 | |
---|
8870 | |
---|
8871 | </tr> |
---|
8872 | |
---|
8873 | |
---|
8874 | |
---|
8875 | |
---|
8876 | |
---|
8877 | |
---|
8878 | <tr> |
---|
8879 | |
---|
8880 | |
---|
8881 | |
---|
8882 | |
---|
8883 | |
---|
8884 | |
---|
8885 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8886 | |
---|
8887 | |
---|
8888 | |
---|
8889 | |
---|
8890 | |
---|
8891 | |
---|
8892 | <p><a name="outflow_damping_width"></a><b>outflow_damping_width</b></p> |
---|
8893 | |
---|
8894 | |
---|
8895 | |
---|
8896 | |
---|
8897 | |
---|
8898 | |
---|
8899 | |
---|
8900 | </td> |
---|
8901 | |
---|
8902 | |
---|
8903 | |
---|
8904 | |
---|
8905 | |
---|
8906 | |
---|
8907 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
8908 | |
---|
8909 | |
---|
8910 | |
---|
8911 | |
---|
8912 | |
---|
8913 | |
---|
8914 | |
---|
8915 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">MIN(20, |
---|
8916 | nx/2</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">ny/2)</span></td> |
---|
8917 | |
---|
8918 | |
---|
8919 | |
---|
8920 | |
---|
8921 | |
---|
8922 | |
---|
8923 | |
---|
8924 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Width of |
---|
8925 | the damping range in the vicinity of the outflow (gridpoints).<br> |
---|
8926 | |
---|
8927 | |
---|
8928 | |
---|
8929 | |
---|
8930 | |
---|
8931 | |
---|
8932 | |
---|
8933 | <br> |
---|
8934 | |
---|
8935 | |
---|
8936 | |
---|
8937 | |
---|
8938 | |
---|
8939 | |
---|
8940 | |
---|
8941 | When using non-cyclic lateral boundaries (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
8942 | or <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>), |
---|
8943 | a smoothing has to be applied to the |
---|
8944 | velocity field in the vicinity of the outflow in order to suppress any |
---|
8945 | reflections of outgoing disturbances. This parameter controlls the |
---|
8946 | horizontal range to which the smoothing is applied. The range is given |
---|
8947 | in gridpoints counted from the respective outflow boundary. For further |
---|
8948 | details about the smoothing see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#km_damp_max">km_damp_max</a>, |
---|
8949 | which defines the magnitude of the damping.</td> |
---|
8950 | |
---|
8951 | |
---|
8952 | |
---|
8953 | |
---|
8954 | |
---|
8955 | |
---|
8956 | </tr> |
---|
8957 | |
---|
8958 | |
---|
8959 | |
---|
8960 | |
---|
8961 | |
---|
8962 | |
---|
8963 | |
---|
8964 | <tr> |
---|
8965 | |
---|
8966 | |
---|
8967 | |
---|
8968 | |
---|
8969 | |
---|
8970 | |
---|
8971 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
8972 | |
---|
8973 | |
---|
8974 | |
---|
8975 | |
---|
8976 | |
---|
8977 | |
---|
8978 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_e"></a><b>overshoot_limit_e</b></p> |
---|
8979 | |
---|
8980 | |
---|
8981 | |
---|
8982 | |
---|
8983 | |
---|
8984 | |
---|
8985 | |
---|
8986 | </td> |
---|
8987 | |
---|
8988 | |
---|
8989 | |
---|
8990 | |
---|
8991 | |
---|
8992 | |
---|
8993 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
8994 | |
---|
8995 | |
---|
8996 | |
---|
8997 | |
---|
8998 | |
---|
8999 | |
---|
9000 | |
---|
9001 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
9002 | |
---|
9003 | |
---|
9004 | |
---|
9005 | |
---|
9006 | |
---|
9007 | |
---|
9008 | |
---|
9009 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9010 | |
---|
9011 | |
---|
9012 | |
---|
9013 | |
---|
9014 | |
---|
9015 | |
---|
9016 | <p>Allowed limit |
---|
9017 | for the overshooting of subgrid-scale TKE in |
---|
9018 | case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>). |
---|
9019 | </p> |
---|
9020 | |
---|
9021 | |
---|
9022 | |
---|
9023 | |
---|
9024 | |
---|
9025 | |
---|
9026 | |
---|
9027 | |
---|
9028 | |
---|
9029 | |
---|
9030 | |
---|
9031 | |
---|
9032 | |
---|
9033 | <p>By deafult, if cut-off of overshoots is switched |
---|
9034 | on for the |
---|
9035 | upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>), |
---|
9036 | no overshoots are permitted at all. If <b>overshoot_limit_e</b> |
---|
9037 | is given a non-zero value, overshoots with the respective |
---|
9038 | amplitude (both upward and downward) are allowed. </p> |
---|
9039 | |
---|
9040 | |
---|
9041 | |
---|
9042 | |
---|
9043 | |
---|
9044 | |
---|
9045 | |
---|
9046 | |
---|
9047 | |
---|
9048 | |
---|
9049 | |
---|
9050 | |
---|
9051 | |
---|
9052 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_e</b>.</p> |
---|
9053 | |
---|
9054 | |
---|
9055 | |
---|
9056 | |
---|
9057 | |
---|
9058 | |
---|
9059 | |
---|
9060 | </td> |
---|
9061 | |
---|
9062 | |
---|
9063 | |
---|
9064 | |
---|
9065 | |
---|
9066 | |
---|
9067 | </tr> |
---|
9068 | |
---|
9069 | |
---|
9070 | |
---|
9071 | |
---|
9072 | |
---|
9073 | |
---|
9074 | <tr> |
---|
9075 | |
---|
9076 | |
---|
9077 | |
---|
9078 | |
---|
9079 | |
---|
9080 | |
---|
9081 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9082 | |
---|
9083 | |
---|
9084 | |
---|
9085 | |
---|
9086 | |
---|
9087 | |
---|
9088 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_pt"></a><b>overshoot_limit_pt</b></p> |
---|
9089 | |
---|
9090 | |
---|
9091 | |
---|
9092 | |
---|
9093 | |
---|
9094 | |
---|
9095 | |
---|
9096 | </td> |
---|
9097 | |
---|
9098 | |
---|
9099 | |
---|
9100 | |
---|
9101 | |
---|
9102 | |
---|
9103 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
9104 | |
---|
9105 | |
---|
9106 | |
---|
9107 | |
---|
9108 | |
---|
9109 | |
---|
9110 | |
---|
9111 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
9112 | |
---|
9113 | |
---|
9114 | |
---|
9115 | |
---|
9116 | |
---|
9117 | |
---|
9118 | |
---|
9119 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9120 | |
---|
9121 | |
---|
9122 | |
---|
9123 | |
---|
9124 | |
---|
9125 | |
---|
9126 | <p>Allowed limit |
---|
9127 | for the overshooting of potential temperature in |
---|
9128 | case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on (in K). </p> |
---|
9129 | |
---|
9130 | |
---|
9131 | |
---|
9132 | |
---|
9133 | |
---|
9134 | |
---|
9135 | |
---|
9136 | |
---|
9137 | |
---|
9138 | |
---|
9139 | |
---|
9140 | |
---|
9141 | |
---|
9142 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
---|
9143 | </p> |
---|
9144 | |
---|
9145 | |
---|
9146 | |
---|
9147 | |
---|
9148 | |
---|
9149 | |
---|
9150 | |
---|
9151 | |
---|
9152 | |
---|
9153 | |
---|
9154 | |
---|
9155 | |
---|
9156 | |
---|
9157 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_pt</b>.</p> |
---|
9158 | |
---|
9159 | |
---|
9160 | |
---|
9161 | |
---|
9162 | |
---|
9163 | |
---|
9164 | |
---|
9165 | </td> |
---|
9166 | |
---|
9167 | |
---|
9168 | |
---|
9169 | |
---|
9170 | |
---|
9171 | |
---|
9172 | </tr> |
---|
9173 | |
---|
9174 | |
---|
9175 | |
---|
9176 | |
---|
9177 | |
---|
9178 | |
---|
9179 | <tr> |
---|
9180 | |
---|
9181 | |
---|
9182 | |
---|
9183 | |
---|
9184 | |
---|
9185 | |
---|
9186 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9187 | |
---|
9188 | |
---|
9189 | |
---|
9190 | |
---|
9191 | |
---|
9192 | |
---|
9193 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_u"></a><b>overshoot_limit_u</b></p> |
---|
9194 | |
---|
9195 | |
---|
9196 | |
---|
9197 | |
---|
9198 | |
---|
9199 | |
---|
9200 | |
---|
9201 | </td> |
---|
9202 | |
---|
9203 | |
---|
9204 | |
---|
9205 | |
---|
9206 | |
---|
9207 | |
---|
9208 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
9209 | |
---|
9210 | |
---|
9211 | |
---|
9212 | |
---|
9213 | |
---|
9214 | |
---|
9215 | |
---|
9216 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
9217 | |
---|
9218 | |
---|
9219 | |
---|
9220 | |
---|
9221 | |
---|
9222 | |
---|
9223 | |
---|
9224 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Allowed limit for the |
---|
9225 | overshooting of |
---|
9226 | the u-component of velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is |
---|
9227 | switched on (in m/s). |
---|
9228 | |
---|
9229 | |
---|
9230 | |
---|
9231 | |
---|
9232 | |
---|
9233 | |
---|
9234 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
---|
9235 | </p> |
---|
9236 | |
---|
9237 | |
---|
9238 | |
---|
9239 | |
---|
9240 | |
---|
9241 | |
---|
9242 | |
---|
9243 | |
---|
9244 | |
---|
9245 | |
---|
9246 | |
---|
9247 | |
---|
9248 | |
---|
9249 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_u</b>.</p> |
---|
9250 | |
---|
9251 | |
---|
9252 | |
---|
9253 | |
---|
9254 | |
---|
9255 | |
---|
9256 | |
---|
9257 | </td> |
---|
9258 | |
---|
9259 | |
---|
9260 | |
---|
9261 | |
---|
9262 | |
---|
9263 | |
---|
9264 | </tr> |
---|
9265 | |
---|
9266 | |
---|
9267 | |
---|
9268 | |
---|
9269 | |
---|
9270 | |
---|
9271 | <tr> |
---|
9272 | |
---|
9273 | |
---|
9274 | |
---|
9275 | |
---|
9276 | |
---|
9277 | |
---|
9278 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9279 | |
---|
9280 | |
---|
9281 | |
---|
9282 | |
---|
9283 | |
---|
9284 | |
---|
9285 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_v"></a><b>overshoot_limit_v</b></p> |
---|
9286 | |
---|
9287 | |
---|
9288 | |
---|
9289 | |
---|
9290 | |
---|
9291 | |
---|
9292 | |
---|
9293 | </td> |
---|
9294 | |
---|
9295 | |
---|
9296 | |
---|
9297 | |
---|
9298 | |
---|
9299 | |
---|
9300 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
9301 | |
---|
9302 | |
---|
9303 | |
---|
9304 | |
---|
9305 | |
---|
9306 | |
---|
9307 | |
---|
9308 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
9309 | |
---|
9310 | |
---|
9311 | |
---|
9312 | |
---|
9313 | |
---|
9314 | |
---|
9315 | |
---|
9316 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9317 | |
---|
9318 | |
---|
9319 | |
---|
9320 | |
---|
9321 | |
---|
9322 | |
---|
9323 | <p>Allowed limit |
---|
9324 | for the overshooting of the v-component of |
---|
9325 | velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on |
---|
9326 | (in m/s). </p> |
---|
9327 | |
---|
9328 | |
---|
9329 | |
---|
9330 | |
---|
9331 | |
---|
9332 | |
---|
9333 | |
---|
9334 | |
---|
9335 | |
---|
9336 | |
---|
9337 | |
---|
9338 | |
---|
9339 | |
---|
9340 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
---|
9341 | </p> |
---|
9342 | |
---|
9343 | |
---|
9344 | |
---|
9345 | |
---|
9346 | |
---|
9347 | |
---|
9348 | |
---|
9349 | |
---|
9350 | |
---|
9351 | |
---|
9352 | |
---|
9353 | |
---|
9354 | |
---|
9355 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>overshoot_limit_v</b>.</p> |
---|
9356 | |
---|
9357 | |
---|
9358 | |
---|
9359 | |
---|
9360 | |
---|
9361 | |
---|
9362 | |
---|
9363 | </td> |
---|
9364 | |
---|
9365 | |
---|
9366 | |
---|
9367 | |
---|
9368 | |
---|
9369 | |
---|
9370 | </tr> |
---|
9371 | |
---|
9372 | |
---|
9373 | |
---|
9374 | |
---|
9375 | |
---|
9376 | |
---|
9377 | <tr> |
---|
9378 | |
---|
9379 | |
---|
9380 | |
---|
9381 | |
---|
9382 | |
---|
9383 | |
---|
9384 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9385 | |
---|
9386 | |
---|
9387 | |
---|
9388 | |
---|
9389 | |
---|
9390 | |
---|
9391 | <p><a name="overshoot_limit_w"></a><b>overshoot_limit_w</b></p> |
---|
9392 | |
---|
9393 | |
---|
9394 | |
---|
9395 | |
---|
9396 | |
---|
9397 | |
---|
9398 | |
---|
9399 | </td> |
---|
9400 | |
---|
9401 | |
---|
9402 | |
---|
9403 | |
---|
9404 | |
---|
9405 | |
---|
9406 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
9407 | |
---|
9408 | |
---|
9409 | |
---|
9410 | |
---|
9411 | |
---|
9412 | |
---|
9413 | |
---|
9414 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
9415 | |
---|
9416 | |
---|
9417 | |
---|
9418 | |
---|
9419 | |
---|
9420 | |
---|
9421 | |
---|
9422 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9423 | |
---|
9424 | |
---|
9425 | |
---|
9426 | |
---|
9427 | |
---|
9428 | |
---|
9429 | <p>Allowed limit |
---|
9430 | for the overshooting of the w-component of |
---|
9431 | velocity in case that the upstream-spline scheme is switched on |
---|
9432 | (in m/s). </p> |
---|
9433 | |
---|
9434 | |
---|
9435 | |
---|
9436 | |
---|
9437 | |
---|
9438 | |
---|
9439 | |
---|
9440 | |
---|
9441 | |
---|
9442 | |
---|
9443 | |
---|
9444 | |
---|
9445 | |
---|
9446 | <p>For further information see <a href="#overshoot_limit_e">overshoot_limit_e</a>. |
---|
9447 | </p> |
---|
9448 | |
---|
9449 | |
---|
9450 | |
---|
9451 | |
---|
9452 | |
---|
9453 | |
---|
9454 | |
---|
9455 | |
---|
9456 | |
---|
9457 | |
---|
9458 | |
---|
9459 | |
---|
9460 | |
---|
9461 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>overshoot_limit_w</b>.</p> |
---|
9462 | |
---|
9463 | |
---|
9464 | |
---|
9465 | |
---|
9466 | |
---|
9467 | |
---|
9468 | |
---|
9469 | </td> |
---|
9470 | |
---|
9471 | |
---|
9472 | |
---|
9473 | |
---|
9474 | |
---|
9475 | |
---|
9476 | </tr> |
---|
9477 | |
---|
9478 | |
---|
9479 | |
---|
9480 | |
---|
9481 | |
---|
9482 | |
---|
9483 | <tr> |
---|
9484 | |
---|
9485 | |
---|
9486 | |
---|
9487 | |
---|
9488 | |
---|
9489 | |
---|
9490 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9491 | |
---|
9492 | |
---|
9493 | |
---|
9494 | |
---|
9495 | |
---|
9496 | |
---|
9497 | <p><a name="passive_scalar"></a><b>passive_scalar</b></p> |
---|
9498 | |
---|
9499 | |
---|
9500 | |
---|
9501 | |
---|
9502 | |
---|
9503 | |
---|
9504 | |
---|
9505 | </td> |
---|
9506 | |
---|
9507 | |
---|
9508 | |
---|
9509 | |
---|
9510 | |
---|
9511 | |
---|
9512 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
9513 | |
---|
9514 | |
---|
9515 | |
---|
9516 | |
---|
9517 | |
---|
9518 | |
---|
9519 | |
---|
9520 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
---|
9521 | |
---|
9522 | |
---|
9523 | |
---|
9524 | |
---|
9525 | |
---|
9526 | |
---|
9527 | |
---|
9528 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9529 | |
---|
9530 | |
---|
9531 | |
---|
9532 | |
---|
9533 | |
---|
9534 | |
---|
9535 | <p>Parameter to |
---|
9536 | switch on the prognostic equation for a passive |
---|
9537 | scalar. <br> |
---|
9538 | |
---|
9539 | |
---|
9540 | |
---|
9541 | |
---|
9542 | |
---|
9543 | |
---|
9544 | </p> |
---|
9545 | |
---|
9546 | |
---|
9547 | |
---|
9548 | |
---|
9549 | |
---|
9550 | |
---|
9551 | |
---|
9552 | |
---|
9553 | |
---|
9554 | |
---|
9555 | |
---|
9556 | |
---|
9557 | |
---|
9558 | <p>The initial vertical profile |
---|
9559 | of s can be set via parameters <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>, |
---|
9560 | <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
9561 | and <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
9562 | Boundary conditions can be set via <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a> |
---|
9563 | and <a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>. |
---|
9564 | </p> |
---|
9565 | |
---|
9566 | |
---|
9567 | |
---|
9568 | |
---|
9569 | |
---|
9570 | |
---|
9571 | |
---|
9572 | |
---|
9573 | |
---|
9574 | |
---|
9575 | |
---|
9576 | |
---|
9577 | |
---|
9578 | <p><b>Note:</b> <br> |
---|
9579 | |
---|
9580 | |
---|
9581 | |
---|
9582 | |
---|
9583 | |
---|
9584 | |
---|
9585 | |
---|
9586 | With <span style="font-weight: bold;">passive_scalar</span> |
---|
9587 | switched |
---|
9588 | on, the simultaneous use of humidity (see <a href="#humidity">humidity</a>) |
---|
9589 | is impossible.</p> |
---|
9590 | |
---|
9591 | |
---|
9592 | |
---|
9593 | |
---|
9594 | |
---|
9595 | |
---|
9596 | </td> |
---|
9597 | |
---|
9598 | |
---|
9599 | |
---|
9600 | |
---|
9601 | |
---|
9602 | |
---|
9603 | </tr> |
---|
9604 | |
---|
9605 | |
---|
9606 | |
---|
9607 | |
---|
9608 | |
---|
9609 | |
---|
9610 | <tr> |
---|
9611 | |
---|
9612 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="pch_index"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">pch_index</span></td> |
---|
9613 | |
---|
9614 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
9615 | |
---|
9616 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0</span></td> |
---|
9617 | |
---|
9618 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Grid point index (scalar) of the upper boundary of the plant canopy layer.<br> |
---|
9619 | |
---|
9620 | <br> |
---|
9621 | |
---|
9622 | Above <span style="font-weight: bold;">pch_index</span> the arrays of leaf area density and drag_coeffient are automatically set to zero in case of <a href="#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> = .T.. Up to <span style="font-weight: bold;">pch_index</span> a leaf area density profile can be prescribed by using the parameters <a href="#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>, <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a> and <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>.</td> |
---|
9623 | |
---|
9624 | </tr> |
---|
9625 | |
---|
9626 | <tr> |
---|
9627 | |
---|
9628 | |
---|
9629 | |
---|
9630 | |
---|
9631 | |
---|
9632 | |
---|
9633 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9634 | |
---|
9635 | |
---|
9636 | |
---|
9637 | |
---|
9638 | |
---|
9639 | |
---|
9640 | <p><a name="phi"></a><b>phi</b></p> |
---|
9641 | |
---|
9642 | |
---|
9643 | |
---|
9644 | |
---|
9645 | |
---|
9646 | |
---|
9647 | |
---|
9648 | </td> |
---|
9649 | |
---|
9650 | |
---|
9651 | |
---|
9652 | |
---|
9653 | |
---|
9654 | |
---|
9655 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
9656 | |
---|
9657 | |
---|
9658 | |
---|
9659 | |
---|
9660 | |
---|
9661 | |
---|
9662 | |
---|
9663 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>55.0</i></td> |
---|
9664 | |
---|
9665 | |
---|
9666 | |
---|
9667 | |
---|
9668 | |
---|
9669 | |
---|
9670 | |
---|
9671 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9672 | |
---|
9673 | |
---|
9674 | |
---|
9675 | |
---|
9676 | |
---|
9677 | |
---|
9678 | <p>Geographical |
---|
9679 | latitude (in degrees). </p> |
---|
9680 | |
---|
9681 | |
---|
9682 | |
---|
9683 | |
---|
9684 | |
---|
9685 | |
---|
9686 | |
---|
9687 | |
---|
9688 | |
---|
9689 | |
---|
9690 | |
---|
9691 | |
---|
9692 | |
---|
9693 | <p>The value of |
---|
9694 | this parameter determines the value of the |
---|
9695 | Coriolis parameters f and f*, provided that the angular velocity (see <a href="#omega">omega</a>) |
---|
9696 | is non-zero.</p> |
---|
9697 | |
---|
9698 | |
---|
9699 | |
---|
9700 | |
---|
9701 | |
---|
9702 | |
---|
9703 | </td> |
---|
9704 | |
---|
9705 | |
---|
9706 | |
---|
9707 | |
---|
9708 | |
---|
9709 | |
---|
9710 | </tr> |
---|
9711 | |
---|
9712 | |
---|
9713 | |
---|
9714 | |
---|
9715 | |
---|
9716 | |
---|
9717 | <tr> |
---|
9718 | |
---|
9719 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="plant_canopy"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span></td> |
---|
9720 | |
---|
9721 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
9722 | |
---|
9723 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
---|
9724 | |
---|
9725 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Switch for the plant_canopy_model.<br> |
---|
9726 | |
---|
9727 | <br> |
---|
9728 | |
---|
9729 | If <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, the plant canopy model of Watanabe (2004, BLM 112, 307-341) is used. <br> |
---|
9730 | |
---|
9731 | The |
---|
9732 | impact of a plant canopy on a turbulent flow is considered by an |
---|
9733 | additional drag term in the momentum equations and an additional sink |
---|
9734 | term in the prognostic equation for the subgrid-scale TKE. These |
---|
9735 | additional terms are dependent on the leaf drag coefficient (see <a href="#drag_coefficient">drag_coefficient</a>) and the leaf area density (see <a href="#lad_surface">lad_surface</a>, <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient">lad_vertical_gradient</a>, <a href="#lad_vertical_gradient_level">lad_vertical_gradient_level</a>). The top boundary of the plant canopy is determined by the parameter <a href="#pch_index">pch_index</a>. For all heights equal to or larger than zw(k=<span style="font-weight: bold;">pch_index</span>) the leaf area density is 0 (i.e. there is no canopy at these heights!). <br> |
---|
9736 | |
---|
9737 | By default, a horizontally homogeneous plant canopy is prescribed, if <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> is set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>. However, the user can define other types of plant canopies (see <a href="#canopy_mode">canopy_mode</a>).<br><br>If <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">passive_scalar</span><span style="font-style: italic;"> </span>are set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, |
---|
9738 | the canopy acts as an additional source or sink, respectively, of |
---|
9739 | scalar concentration. The source/sink strength is dependent on the |
---|
9740 | scalar concentration at the leaf surface, which is generally constant |
---|
9741 | with time in PALM and which can be specified by specifying the |
---|
9742 | parameter <a href="#leaf_surface_concentration">leaf_surface_concentration</a>. <br><br>Additional heating of the air by the plant canopy is taken into account, when the default value of the parameter <a href="#cthf">cthf</a> is altered in the parameter file. In that case the value of <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a> |
---|
9743 | specified in the parameter file is not used in the model. Instead the |
---|
9744 | near-surface heat flux is derived from an expontial function that is |
---|
9745 | dependent on the cumulative leaf area index. <br> |
---|
9746 | |
---|
9747 | <br> |
---|
9748 | |
---|
9749 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">plant_canopy</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T. </span>is only allowed together with a non-zero <a href="#drag_coefficient">drag_coefficient</a>.</td> |
---|
9750 | |
---|
9751 | </tr> |
---|
9752 | |
---|
9753 | <tr> |
---|
9754 | |
---|
9755 | |
---|
9756 | |
---|
9757 | |
---|
9758 | |
---|
9759 | |
---|
9760 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9761 | |
---|
9762 | |
---|
9763 | |
---|
9764 | |
---|
9765 | |
---|
9766 | |
---|
9767 | <p><a name="prandtl_layer"></a><b>prandtl_layer</b></p> |
---|
9768 | |
---|
9769 | |
---|
9770 | |
---|
9771 | |
---|
9772 | |
---|
9773 | |
---|
9774 | |
---|
9775 | </td> |
---|
9776 | |
---|
9777 | |
---|
9778 | |
---|
9779 | |
---|
9780 | |
---|
9781 | |
---|
9782 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
9783 | |
---|
9784 | |
---|
9785 | |
---|
9786 | |
---|
9787 | |
---|
9788 | |
---|
9789 | |
---|
9790 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td> |
---|
9791 | |
---|
9792 | |
---|
9793 | |
---|
9794 | |
---|
9795 | |
---|
9796 | |
---|
9797 | |
---|
9798 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9799 | |
---|
9800 | |
---|
9801 | |
---|
9802 | |
---|
9803 | |
---|
9804 | |
---|
9805 | <p>Parameter to |
---|
9806 | switch on a Prandtl layer. </p> |
---|
9807 | |
---|
9808 | |
---|
9809 | |
---|
9810 | |
---|
9811 | |
---|
9812 | |
---|
9813 | |
---|
9814 | |
---|
9815 | |
---|
9816 | |
---|
9817 | |
---|
9818 | |
---|
9819 | |
---|
9820 | <p>By default, |
---|
9821 | a Prandtl layer is switched on at the bottom |
---|
9822 | boundary between z = 0 and z = 0.5 * <a href="#dz">dz</a> |
---|
9823 | (the first computational grid point above ground for u, v and the |
---|
9824 | scalar quantities). |
---|
9825 | In this case, at the bottom boundary, free-slip conditions for u and v |
---|
9826 | (see <a href="#bc_uv_b">bc_uv_b</a>) |
---|
9827 | are not allowed. Likewise, laminar |
---|
9828 | simulations with constant eddy diffusivities (<a href="#km_constant">km_constant</a>) |
---|
9829 | are forbidden. </p> |
---|
9830 | |
---|
9831 | |
---|
9832 | |
---|
9833 | |
---|
9834 | |
---|
9835 | |
---|
9836 | |
---|
9837 | |
---|
9838 | |
---|
9839 | |
---|
9840 | |
---|
9841 | |
---|
9842 | |
---|
9843 | <p>With Prandtl-layer |
---|
9844 | switched off, the TKE boundary condition <a href="#bc_e_b">bc_e_b</a> |
---|
9845 | = '<i>(u*)**2+neumann'</i> must not be used and is |
---|
9846 | automatically |
---|
9847 | changed to <i>'neumann'</i> if necessary. Also, |
---|
9848 | the pressure |
---|
9849 | boundary condition <a href="#bc_p_b">bc_p_b</a> |
---|
9850 | = <i>'neumann+inhomo'</i> is not allowed.<br> |
---|
9851 | </p> |
---|
9852 | <p>If the Prandtl-layer is switched off and fluxes shall be prescribed at the surface (by setting <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>), it is required to set the parameter <a href="#use_surface_fluxes">use_surface_fluxes</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>.<br> |
---|
9853 | </p> |
---|
9854 | |
---|
9855 | |
---|
9856 | |
---|
9857 | |
---|
9858 | |
---|
9859 | |
---|
9860 | |
---|
9861 | |
---|
9862 | |
---|
9863 | |
---|
9864 | |
---|
9865 | |
---|
9866 | |
---|
9867 | |
---|
9868 | <p>The roughness length is declared via the parameter <a href="#roughness_length">roughness_length</a>.</p> |
---|
9869 | |
---|
9870 | |
---|
9871 | |
---|
9872 | |
---|
9873 | |
---|
9874 | |
---|
9875 | |
---|
9876 | </td> |
---|
9877 | |
---|
9878 | |
---|
9879 | |
---|
9880 | |
---|
9881 | |
---|
9882 | |
---|
9883 | </tr> |
---|
9884 | |
---|
9885 | |
---|
9886 | |
---|
9887 | |
---|
9888 | |
---|
9889 | |
---|
9890 | <tr> |
---|
9891 | |
---|
9892 | |
---|
9893 | |
---|
9894 | |
---|
9895 | |
---|
9896 | |
---|
9897 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9898 | |
---|
9899 | |
---|
9900 | |
---|
9901 | |
---|
9902 | |
---|
9903 | |
---|
9904 | <p><a name="precipitation"></a><b>precipitation</b></p> |
---|
9905 | |
---|
9906 | |
---|
9907 | |
---|
9908 | |
---|
9909 | |
---|
9910 | |
---|
9911 | |
---|
9912 | </td> |
---|
9913 | |
---|
9914 | |
---|
9915 | |
---|
9916 | |
---|
9917 | |
---|
9918 | |
---|
9919 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
9920 | |
---|
9921 | |
---|
9922 | |
---|
9923 | |
---|
9924 | |
---|
9925 | |
---|
9926 | |
---|
9927 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
---|
9928 | |
---|
9929 | |
---|
9930 | |
---|
9931 | |
---|
9932 | |
---|
9933 | |
---|
9934 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
9935 | |
---|
9936 | |
---|
9937 | |
---|
9938 | |
---|
9939 | |
---|
9940 | |
---|
9941 | <p>Parameter to switch |
---|
9942 | on the precipitation scheme.<br> |
---|
9943 | |
---|
9944 | |
---|
9945 | |
---|
9946 | |
---|
9947 | |
---|
9948 | |
---|
9949 | </p> |
---|
9950 | |
---|
9951 | |
---|
9952 | |
---|
9953 | |
---|
9954 | |
---|
9955 | |
---|
9956 | |
---|
9957 | |
---|
9958 | |
---|
9959 | |
---|
9960 | |
---|
9961 | |
---|
9962 | |
---|
9963 | <p>For |
---|
9964 | precipitation processes PALM uses a simplified Kessler |
---|
9965 | scheme. This scheme only considers the |
---|
9966 | so-called autoconversion, that means the generation of rain water by |
---|
9967 | coagulation of cloud drops among themselves. Precipitation begins and |
---|
9968 | is immediately removed from the flow as soon as the liquid water |
---|
9969 | content exceeds the critical value of 0.5 g/kg.</p> |
---|
9970 | |
---|
9971 | |
---|
9972 | |
---|
9973 | |
---|
9974 | |
---|
9975 | |
---|
9976 | |
---|
9977 | |
---|
9978 | |
---|
9979 | |
---|
9980 | |
---|
9981 | |
---|
9982 | <p>The precipitation rate and amount can be output by assigning the runtime parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'prr*'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'pra*'</span>, respectively. The time interval on which the precipitation amount is defined can be controlled via runtime parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#precipitation_amount_interval">precipitation_amount_interval</a>.</p> |
---|
9983 | |
---|
9984 | |
---|
9985 | |
---|
9986 | |
---|
9987 | |
---|
9988 | |
---|
9989 | </td> |
---|
9990 | |
---|
9991 | |
---|
9992 | |
---|
9993 | |
---|
9994 | |
---|
9995 | |
---|
9996 | </tr> |
---|
9997 | |
---|
9998 | |
---|
9999 | |
---|
10000 | |
---|
10001 | |
---|
10002 | |
---|
10003 | |
---|
10004 | <tr> |
---|
10005 | |
---|
10006 | |
---|
10007 | |
---|
10008 | |
---|
10009 | |
---|
10010 | |
---|
10011 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="pt_reference"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_reference</span></td> |
---|
10012 | |
---|
10013 | |
---|
10014 | |
---|
10015 | |
---|
10016 | |
---|
10017 | |
---|
10018 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
10019 | |
---|
10020 | |
---|
10021 | |
---|
10022 | |
---|
10023 | |
---|
10024 | |
---|
10025 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">use horizontal average as |
---|
10026 | refrence</span></td> |
---|
10027 | |
---|
10028 | |
---|
10029 | |
---|
10030 | |
---|
10031 | |
---|
10032 | |
---|
10033 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Reference |
---|
10034 | temperature to be used in all buoyancy terms (in K).<br> |
---|
10035 | |
---|
10036 | |
---|
10037 | |
---|
10038 | |
---|
10039 | |
---|
10040 | |
---|
10041 | <br> |
---|
10042 | |
---|
10043 | |
---|
10044 | |
---|
10045 | |
---|
10046 | |
---|
10047 | |
---|
10048 | By |
---|
10049 | default, the instantaneous horizontal average over the total model |
---|
10050 | domain is used.<br> |
---|
10051 | |
---|
10052 | |
---|
10053 | |
---|
10054 | |
---|
10055 | |
---|
10056 | |
---|
10057 | <br> |
---|
10058 | |
---|
10059 | |
---|
10060 | |
---|
10061 | |
---|
10062 | |
---|
10063 | |
---|
10064 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
10065 | |
---|
10066 | |
---|
10067 | |
---|
10068 | |
---|
10069 | |
---|
10070 | |
---|
10071 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), always a reference temperature is used in the buoyancy terms with a default value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_reference</span> = <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>.</td> |
---|
10072 | |
---|
10073 | |
---|
10074 | |
---|
10075 | |
---|
10076 | |
---|
10077 | |
---|
10078 | </tr> |
---|
10079 | |
---|
10080 | |
---|
10081 | |
---|
10082 | |
---|
10083 | |
---|
10084 | |
---|
10085 | <tr> |
---|
10086 | |
---|
10087 | |
---|
10088 | |
---|
10089 | |
---|
10090 | |
---|
10091 | |
---|
10092 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10093 | |
---|
10094 | |
---|
10095 | |
---|
10096 | |
---|
10097 | |
---|
10098 | |
---|
10099 | <p><a name="pt_surface"></a><b>pt_surface</b></p> |
---|
10100 | |
---|
10101 | |
---|
10102 | |
---|
10103 | |
---|
10104 | |
---|
10105 | |
---|
10106 | |
---|
10107 | </td> |
---|
10108 | |
---|
10109 | |
---|
10110 | |
---|
10111 | |
---|
10112 | |
---|
10113 | |
---|
10114 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
10115 | |
---|
10116 | |
---|
10117 | |
---|
10118 | |
---|
10119 | |
---|
10120 | |
---|
10121 | |
---|
10122 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>300.0</i></td> |
---|
10123 | |
---|
10124 | |
---|
10125 | |
---|
10126 | |
---|
10127 | |
---|
10128 | |
---|
10129 | |
---|
10130 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10131 | |
---|
10132 | |
---|
10133 | |
---|
10134 | |
---|
10135 | |
---|
10136 | |
---|
10137 | <p>Surface |
---|
10138 | potential temperature (in K). </p> |
---|
10139 | |
---|
10140 | |
---|
10141 | |
---|
10142 | |
---|
10143 | |
---|
10144 | |
---|
10145 | |
---|
10146 | |
---|
10147 | |
---|
10148 | |
---|
10149 | |
---|
10150 | |
---|
10151 | |
---|
10152 | <p>This |
---|
10153 | parameter assigns the value of the potential temperature |
---|
10154 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt</span> at the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, |
---|
10155 | the |
---|
10156 | initial vertical temperature profile is constructed with <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
10157 | and <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level |
---|
10158 | </a>. |
---|
10159 | This profile is also used for the 1d-model as a stationary profile.</p> |
---|
10160 | |
---|
10161 | |
---|
10162 | |
---|
10163 | |
---|
10164 | |
---|
10165 | |
---|
10166 | |
---|
10167 | |
---|
10168 | |
---|
10169 | |
---|
10170 | |
---|
10171 | |
---|
10172 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
10173 | |
---|
10174 | |
---|
10175 | |
---|
10176 | |
---|
10177 | |
---|
10178 | |
---|
10179 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="#ocean">ocean</a>), |
---|
10180 | this parameter gives the temperature value at the sea surface, which is |
---|
10181 | at k=nzt. The profile is then constructed from the surface down to the |
---|
10182 | bottom of the model.</p> |
---|
10183 | |
---|
10184 | |
---|
10185 | |
---|
10186 | |
---|
10187 | |
---|
10188 | |
---|
10189 | |
---|
10190 | </td> |
---|
10191 | |
---|
10192 | |
---|
10193 | |
---|
10194 | |
---|
10195 | |
---|
10196 | |
---|
10197 | </tr> |
---|
10198 | |
---|
10199 | |
---|
10200 | |
---|
10201 | |
---|
10202 | |
---|
10203 | |
---|
10204 | <tr> |
---|
10205 | |
---|
10206 | |
---|
10207 | |
---|
10208 | |
---|
10209 | |
---|
10210 | |
---|
10211 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10212 | |
---|
10213 | |
---|
10214 | |
---|
10215 | |
---|
10216 | |
---|
10217 | |
---|
10218 | <p><a name="pt_surface_initial_change"></a><b>pt_surface_initial</b> |
---|
10219 | <br> |
---|
10220 | |
---|
10221 | |
---|
10222 | |
---|
10223 | |
---|
10224 | |
---|
10225 | |
---|
10226 | <b>_change</b></p> |
---|
10227 | |
---|
10228 | |
---|
10229 | |
---|
10230 | |
---|
10231 | |
---|
10232 | |
---|
10233 | </td> |
---|
10234 | |
---|
10235 | |
---|
10236 | |
---|
10237 | |
---|
10238 | |
---|
10239 | |
---|
10240 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
10241 | |
---|
10242 | |
---|
10243 | |
---|
10244 | |
---|
10245 | |
---|
10246 | |
---|
10247 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
---|
10248 | |
---|
10249 | |
---|
10250 | |
---|
10251 | |
---|
10252 | |
---|
10253 | |
---|
10254 | </td> |
---|
10255 | |
---|
10256 | |
---|
10257 | |
---|
10258 | |
---|
10259 | |
---|
10260 | |
---|
10261 | |
---|
10262 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10263 | |
---|
10264 | |
---|
10265 | |
---|
10266 | |
---|
10267 | |
---|
10268 | |
---|
10269 | <p>Change in |
---|
10270 | surface temperature to be made at the beginning of |
---|
10271 | the 3d run |
---|
10272 | (in K). </p> |
---|
10273 | |
---|
10274 | |
---|
10275 | |
---|
10276 | |
---|
10277 | |
---|
10278 | |
---|
10279 | |
---|
10280 | |
---|
10281 | |
---|
10282 | |
---|
10283 | |
---|
10284 | |
---|
10285 | |
---|
10286 | <p>If <b>pt_surface_initial_change</b> |
---|
10287 | is set to a non-zero |
---|
10288 | value, the near surface sensible heat flux is not allowed to be given |
---|
10289 | simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>).</p> |
---|
10290 | |
---|
10291 | |
---|
10292 | |
---|
10293 | |
---|
10294 | |
---|
10295 | |
---|
10296 | |
---|
10297 | </td> |
---|
10298 | |
---|
10299 | |
---|
10300 | |
---|
10301 | |
---|
10302 | |
---|
10303 | |
---|
10304 | </tr> |
---|
10305 | |
---|
10306 | |
---|
10307 | |
---|
10308 | |
---|
10309 | |
---|
10310 | |
---|
10311 | <tr> |
---|
10312 | |
---|
10313 | |
---|
10314 | |
---|
10315 | |
---|
10316 | |
---|
10317 | |
---|
10318 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10319 | |
---|
10320 | |
---|
10321 | |
---|
10322 | |
---|
10323 | |
---|
10324 | |
---|
10325 | <p><a name="pt_vertical_gradient"></a><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b></p> |
---|
10326 | |
---|
10327 | |
---|
10328 | |
---|
10329 | |
---|
10330 | |
---|
10331 | |
---|
10332 | |
---|
10333 | </td> |
---|
10334 | |
---|
10335 | |
---|
10336 | |
---|
10337 | |
---|
10338 | |
---|
10339 | |
---|
10340 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
10341 | |
---|
10342 | |
---|
10343 | |
---|
10344 | |
---|
10345 | |
---|
10346 | |
---|
10347 | |
---|
10348 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0.0</i></td> |
---|
10349 | |
---|
10350 | |
---|
10351 | |
---|
10352 | |
---|
10353 | |
---|
10354 | |
---|
10355 | |
---|
10356 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10357 | |
---|
10358 | |
---|
10359 | |
---|
10360 | |
---|
10361 | |
---|
10362 | |
---|
10363 | <p>Temperature |
---|
10364 | gradient(s) of the initial temperature profile (in |
---|
10365 | K |
---|
10366 | / 100 m). </p> |
---|
10367 | |
---|
10368 | |
---|
10369 | |
---|
10370 | |
---|
10371 | |
---|
10372 | |
---|
10373 | |
---|
10374 | |
---|
10375 | |
---|
10376 | |
---|
10377 | |
---|
10378 | |
---|
10379 | |
---|
10380 | <p>This temperature gradient |
---|
10381 | holds starting from the height |
---|
10382 | level defined by <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
10383 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) > |
---|
10384 | pt_vertical_gradient_level, |
---|
10385 | pt_init(k) is set: pt_init(k) = pt_init(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>pt_vertical_gradient</b>) |
---|
10386 | up to the top boundary or up to the next height level defined |
---|
10387 | by <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
10388 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
---|
10389 | if <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient_level">pt_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
---|
10390 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The surface temperature is |
---|
10391 | assigned via <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>. |
---|
10392 | </p> |
---|
10393 | |
---|
10394 | |
---|
10395 | |
---|
10396 | |
---|
10397 | |
---|
10398 | |
---|
10399 | |
---|
10400 | |
---|
10401 | |
---|
10402 | |
---|
10403 | |
---|
10404 | |
---|
10405 | |
---|
10406 | <p>Example: </p> |
---|
10407 | |
---|
10408 | |
---|
10409 | |
---|
10410 | |
---|
10411 | |
---|
10412 | |
---|
10413 | |
---|
10414 | |
---|
10415 | |
---|
10416 | |
---|
10417 | |
---|
10418 | |
---|
10419 | |
---|
10420 | <ul> |
---|
10421 | |
---|
10422 | |
---|
10423 | |
---|
10424 | |
---|
10425 | |
---|
10426 | |
---|
10427 | |
---|
10428 | |
---|
10429 | |
---|
10430 | |
---|
10431 | |
---|
10432 | |
---|
10433 | |
---|
10434 | <p><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b> |
---|
10435 | = <i>1.0</i>, <i>0.5</i>, <br> |
---|
10436 | |
---|
10437 | |
---|
10438 | |
---|
10439 | |
---|
10440 | |
---|
10441 | |
---|
10442 | |
---|
10443 | <b>pt_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>, |
---|
10444 | <i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
---|
10445 | |
---|
10446 | |
---|
10447 | |
---|
10448 | |
---|
10449 | |
---|
10450 | |
---|
10451 | |
---|
10452 | |
---|
10453 | |
---|
10454 | |
---|
10455 | |
---|
10456 | |
---|
10457 | |
---|
10458 | </ul> |
---|
10459 | |
---|
10460 | |
---|
10461 | |
---|
10462 | |
---|
10463 | |
---|
10464 | |
---|
10465 | |
---|
10466 | |
---|
10467 | |
---|
10468 | |
---|
10469 | |
---|
10470 | |
---|
10471 | |
---|
10472 | <p>That |
---|
10473 | defines the temperature profile to be neutrally |
---|
10474 | stratified |
---|
10475 | up to z = 500.0 m with a temperature given by <a href="#pt_surface">pt_surface</a>. |
---|
10476 | For 500.0 m < z <= 1000.0 m the temperature gradient is |
---|
10477 | 1.0 K / |
---|
10478 | 100 m and for z > 1000.0 m up to the top boundary it is |
---|
10479 | 0.5 K / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels correspond |
---|
10480 | with uv levels).</p> |
---|
10481 | |
---|
10482 | |
---|
10483 | |
---|
10484 | |
---|
10485 | |
---|
10486 | |
---|
10487 | |
---|
10488 | |
---|
10489 | |
---|
10490 | |
---|
10491 | |
---|
10492 | |
---|
10493 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
10494 | |
---|
10495 | |
---|
10496 | |
---|
10497 | |
---|
10498 | |
---|
10499 | |
---|
10500 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
---|
10501 | the profile is constructed like described above, but starting from the |
---|
10502 | sea surface (k=nzt) down to the bottom boundary of the model. Height |
---|
10503 | levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">pt_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.</p> |
---|
10504 | |
---|
10505 | |
---|
10506 | |
---|
10507 | |
---|
10508 | |
---|
10509 | |
---|
10510 | </td> |
---|
10511 | |
---|
10512 | |
---|
10513 | |
---|
10514 | |
---|
10515 | |
---|
10516 | |
---|
10517 | </tr> |
---|
10518 | |
---|
10519 | |
---|
10520 | |
---|
10521 | |
---|
10522 | |
---|
10523 | |
---|
10524 | <tr> |
---|
10525 | |
---|
10526 | |
---|
10527 | |
---|
10528 | |
---|
10529 | |
---|
10530 | |
---|
10531 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10532 | |
---|
10533 | |
---|
10534 | |
---|
10535 | |
---|
10536 | |
---|
10537 | |
---|
10538 | <p><a name="pt_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>pt_vertical_gradient</b> |
---|
10539 | <br> |
---|
10540 | |
---|
10541 | |
---|
10542 | |
---|
10543 | |
---|
10544 | |
---|
10545 | |
---|
10546 | <b>_level</b></p> |
---|
10547 | |
---|
10548 | |
---|
10549 | |
---|
10550 | |
---|
10551 | |
---|
10552 | |
---|
10553 | </td> |
---|
10554 | |
---|
10555 | |
---|
10556 | |
---|
10557 | |
---|
10558 | |
---|
10559 | |
---|
10560 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
10561 | |
---|
10562 | |
---|
10563 | |
---|
10564 | |
---|
10565 | |
---|
10566 | |
---|
10567 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10568 | |
---|
10569 | |
---|
10570 | |
---|
10571 | |
---|
10572 | |
---|
10573 | |
---|
10574 | <p><i>10 *</i> |
---|
10575 | <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
---|
10576 | |
---|
10577 | |
---|
10578 | |
---|
10579 | |
---|
10580 | |
---|
10581 | |
---|
10582 | |
---|
10583 | </p> |
---|
10584 | |
---|
10585 | |
---|
10586 | |
---|
10587 | |
---|
10588 | |
---|
10589 | |
---|
10590 | </td> |
---|
10591 | |
---|
10592 | |
---|
10593 | |
---|
10594 | |
---|
10595 | |
---|
10596 | |
---|
10597 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10598 | |
---|
10599 | |
---|
10600 | |
---|
10601 | |
---|
10602 | |
---|
10603 | |
---|
10604 | <p>Height level from which on the temperature gradient defined by |
---|
10605 | <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
10606 | is effective (in m). </p> |
---|
10607 | |
---|
10608 | |
---|
10609 | |
---|
10610 | |
---|
10611 | |
---|
10612 | |
---|
10613 | |
---|
10614 | |
---|
10615 | |
---|
10616 | |
---|
10617 | |
---|
10618 | |
---|
10619 | |
---|
10620 | <p>The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. The |
---|
10621 | default values result in a neutral stratification regardless of the |
---|
10622 | values of <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
10623 | (unless the top boundary of the model is higher than 100000.0 m). |
---|
10624 | For the piecewise construction of temperature profiles see <a href="#pt_vertical_gradient">pt_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
---|
10625 | |
---|
10626 | |
---|
10627 | |
---|
10628 | |
---|
10629 | |
---|
10630 | |
---|
10631 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
10632 | |
---|
10633 | |
---|
10634 | |
---|
10635 | |
---|
10636 | |
---|
10637 | |
---|
10638 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order. |
---|
10639 | </td> |
---|
10640 | |
---|
10641 | |
---|
10642 | |
---|
10643 | |
---|
10644 | |
---|
10645 | |
---|
10646 | </tr> |
---|
10647 | |
---|
10648 | |
---|
10649 | |
---|
10650 | |
---|
10651 | |
---|
10652 | |
---|
10653 | <tr> |
---|
10654 | |
---|
10655 | |
---|
10656 | |
---|
10657 | |
---|
10658 | |
---|
10659 | |
---|
10660 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10661 | |
---|
10662 | |
---|
10663 | |
---|
10664 | |
---|
10665 | |
---|
10666 | |
---|
10667 | <p><a name="q_surface"></a><b>q_surface</b></p> |
---|
10668 | |
---|
10669 | |
---|
10670 | |
---|
10671 | |
---|
10672 | |
---|
10673 | |
---|
10674 | |
---|
10675 | </td> |
---|
10676 | |
---|
10677 | |
---|
10678 | |
---|
10679 | |
---|
10680 | |
---|
10681 | |
---|
10682 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
10683 | |
---|
10684 | |
---|
10685 | |
---|
10686 | |
---|
10687 | |
---|
10688 | |
---|
10689 | |
---|
10690 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
10691 | |
---|
10692 | |
---|
10693 | |
---|
10694 | |
---|
10695 | |
---|
10696 | |
---|
10697 | |
---|
10698 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10699 | |
---|
10700 | |
---|
10701 | |
---|
10702 | |
---|
10703 | |
---|
10704 | |
---|
10705 | <p>Surface |
---|
10706 | specific humidity / total water content (kg/kg). </p> |
---|
10707 | |
---|
10708 | |
---|
10709 | |
---|
10710 | |
---|
10711 | |
---|
10712 | |
---|
10713 | |
---|
10714 | |
---|
10715 | |
---|
10716 | |
---|
10717 | |
---|
10718 | |
---|
10719 | |
---|
10720 | <p>This |
---|
10721 | parameter assigns the value of the specific humidity q at |
---|
10722 | the surface (k=0). Starting from this value, the initial |
---|
10723 | humidity |
---|
10724 | profile is constructed with <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
10725 | and <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
10726 | This profile is also used for the 1d-model as a stationary profile.</p> |
---|
10727 | |
---|
10728 | |
---|
10729 | |
---|
10730 | |
---|
10731 | |
---|
10732 | |
---|
10733 | |
---|
10734 | </td> |
---|
10735 | |
---|
10736 | |
---|
10737 | |
---|
10738 | |
---|
10739 | |
---|
10740 | |
---|
10741 | </tr> |
---|
10742 | |
---|
10743 | |
---|
10744 | |
---|
10745 | |
---|
10746 | |
---|
10747 | |
---|
10748 | <tr> |
---|
10749 | |
---|
10750 | |
---|
10751 | |
---|
10752 | |
---|
10753 | |
---|
10754 | |
---|
10755 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10756 | |
---|
10757 | |
---|
10758 | |
---|
10759 | |
---|
10760 | |
---|
10761 | |
---|
10762 | <p><a name="q_surface_initial_change"></a><b>q_surface_initial</b> |
---|
10763 | <br> |
---|
10764 | |
---|
10765 | |
---|
10766 | |
---|
10767 | |
---|
10768 | |
---|
10769 | |
---|
10770 | <b>_change</b></p> |
---|
10771 | |
---|
10772 | |
---|
10773 | |
---|
10774 | |
---|
10775 | |
---|
10776 | |
---|
10777 | </td> |
---|
10778 | |
---|
10779 | |
---|
10780 | |
---|
10781 | |
---|
10782 | |
---|
10783 | |
---|
10784 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
---|
10785 | |
---|
10786 | |
---|
10787 | |
---|
10788 | |
---|
10789 | |
---|
10790 | |
---|
10791 | </td> |
---|
10792 | |
---|
10793 | |
---|
10794 | |
---|
10795 | |
---|
10796 | |
---|
10797 | |
---|
10798 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
10799 | |
---|
10800 | |
---|
10801 | |
---|
10802 | |
---|
10803 | |
---|
10804 | |
---|
10805 | |
---|
10806 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10807 | |
---|
10808 | |
---|
10809 | |
---|
10810 | |
---|
10811 | |
---|
10812 | |
---|
10813 | <p>Change in |
---|
10814 | surface specific humidity / total water content to |
---|
10815 | be made at the beginning |
---|
10816 | of the 3d run (kg/kg). </p> |
---|
10817 | |
---|
10818 | |
---|
10819 | |
---|
10820 | |
---|
10821 | |
---|
10822 | |
---|
10823 | |
---|
10824 | |
---|
10825 | |
---|
10826 | |
---|
10827 | |
---|
10828 | |
---|
10829 | |
---|
10830 | <p>If <b>q_surface_initial_change</b><i> |
---|
10831 | </i>is set to a |
---|
10832 | non-zero value the |
---|
10833 | near surface latent heat flux (water flux) is not allowed to be given |
---|
10834 | simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a>).</p> |
---|
10835 | |
---|
10836 | |
---|
10837 | |
---|
10838 | |
---|
10839 | |
---|
10840 | |
---|
10841 | |
---|
10842 | </td> |
---|
10843 | |
---|
10844 | |
---|
10845 | |
---|
10846 | |
---|
10847 | |
---|
10848 | |
---|
10849 | </tr> |
---|
10850 | |
---|
10851 | |
---|
10852 | |
---|
10853 | |
---|
10854 | |
---|
10855 | |
---|
10856 | <tr> |
---|
10857 | |
---|
10858 | |
---|
10859 | |
---|
10860 | |
---|
10861 | |
---|
10862 | |
---|
10863 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10864 | |
---|
10865 | |
---|
10866 | |
---|
10867 | |
---|
10868 | |
---|
10869 | |
---|
10870 | <p><a name="q_vertical_gradient"></a><b>q_vertical_gradient</b></p> |
---|
10871 | |
---|
10872 | |
---|
10873 | |
---|
10874 | |
---|
10875 | |
---|
10876 | |
---|
10877 | |
---|
10878 | </td> |
---|
10879 | |
---|
10880 | |
---|
10881 | |
---|
10882 | |
---|
10883 | |
---|
10884 | |
---|
10885 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
10886 | |
---|
10887 | |
---|
10888 | |
---|
10889 | |
---|
10890 | |
---|
10891 | |
---|
10892 | |
---|
10893 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0.0</i></td> |
---|
10894 | |
---|
10895 | |
---|
10896 | |
---|
10897 | |
---|
10898 | |
---|
10899 | |
---|
10900 | |
---|
10901 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
10902 | |
---|
10903 | |
---|
10904 | |
---|
10905 | |
---|
10906 | |
---|
10907 | |
---|
10908 | <p>Humidity |
---|
10909 | gradient(s) of the initial humidity profile |
---|
10910 | (in 1/100 m). </p> |
---|
10911 | |
---|
10912 | |
---|
10913 | |
---|
10914 | |
---|
10915 | |
---|
10916 | |
---|
10917 | |
---|
10918 | |
---|
10919 | |
---|
10920 | |
---|
10921 | |
---|
10922 | |
---|
10923 | |
---|
10924 | <p>This humidity gradient |
---|
10925 | holds starting from the height |
---|
10926 | level defined by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
10927 | (precisely: for all uv levels k, where zu(k) > |
---|
10928 | q_vertical_gradient_level, |
---|
10929 | q_init(k) is set: q_init(k) = q_init(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>q_vertical_gradient</b>) |
---|
10930 | up to the top boundary or up to the next height level defined |
---|
10931 | by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
10932 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
---|
10933 | if <a href="#q_vertical_gradient_level">q_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
---|
10934 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be asigned. The surface humidity is |
---|
10935 | assigned |
---|
10936 | via <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>. </p> |
---|
10937 | |
---|
10938 | |
---|
10939 | |
---|
10940 | |
---|
10941 | |
---|
10942 | |
---|
10943 | |
---|
10944 | |
---|
10945 | |
---|
10946 | |
---|
10947 | |
---|
10948 | |
---|
10949 | |
---|
10950 | <p>Example: </p> |
---|
10951 | |
---|
10952 | |
---|
10953 | |
---|
10954 | |
---|
10955 | |
---|
10956 | |
---|
10957 | |
---|
10958 | |
---|
10959 | |
---|
10960 | |
---|
10961 | |
---|
10962 | |
---|
10963 | |
---|
10964 | <ul> |
---|
10965 | |
---|
10966 | |
---|
10967 | |
---|
10968 | |
---|
10969 | |
---|
10970 | |
---|
10971 | |
---|
10972 | |
---|
10973 | |
---|
10974 | |
---|
10975 | |
---|
10976 | |
---|
10977 | |
---|
10978 | <p><b>q_vertical_gradient</b> |
---|
10979 | = <i>0.001</i>, <i>0.0005</i>, <br> |
---|
10980 | |
---|
10981 | |
---|
10982 | |
---|
10983 | |
---|
10984 | |
---|
10985 | |
---|
10986 | |
---|
10987 | <b>q_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>, |
---|
10988 | <i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
---|
10989 | |
---|
10990 | |
---|
10991 | |
---|
10992 | |
---|
10993 | |
---|
10994 | |
---|
10995 | |
---|
10996 | |
---|
10997 | |
---|
10998 | |
---|
10999 | |
---|
11000 | |
---|
11001 | |
---|
11002 | </ul> |
---|
11003 | |
---|
11004 | |
---|
11005 | |
---|
11006 | |
---|
11007 | |
---|
11008 | |
---|
11009 | |
---|
11010 | That defines the humidity to be constant with height up to z = |
---|
11011 | 500.0 |
---|
11012 | m with a |
---|
11013 | value given by <a href="#q_surface">q_surface</a>. |
---|
11014 | For 500.0 m < z <= 1000.0 m the humidity gradient is |
---|
11015 | 0.001 / 100 |
---|
11016 | m and for z > 1000.0 m up to the top boundary it is |
---|
11017 | 0.0005 / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels |
---|
11018 | correspond with uv |
---|
11019 | levels). </td> |
---|
11020 | |
---|
11021 | |
---|
11022 | |
---|
11023 | |
---|
11024 | |
---|
11025 | |
---|
11026 | </tr> |
---|
11027 | |
---|
11028 | |
---|
11029 | |
---|
11030 | |
---|
11031 | |
---|
11032 | |
---|
11033 | <tr> |
---|
11034 | |
---|
11035 | |
---|
11036 | |
---|
11037 | |
---|
11038 | |
---|
11039 | |
---|
11040 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11041 | |
---|
11042 | |
---|
11043 | |
---|
11044 | |
---|
11045 | |
---|
11046 | |
---|
11047 | <p><a name="q_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>q_vertical_gradient</b> |
---|
11048 | <br> |
---|
11049 | |
---|
11050 | |
---|
11051 | |
---|
11052 | |
---|
11053 | |
---|
11054 | |
---|
11055 | <b>_level</b></p> |
---|
11056 | |
---|
11057 | |
---|
11058 | |
---|
11059 | |
---|
11060 | |
---|
11061 | |
---|
11062 | </td> |
---|
11063 | |
---|
11064 | |
---|
11065 | |
---|
11066 | |
---|
11067 | |
---|
11068 | |
---|
11069 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
11070 | |
---|
11071 | |
---|
11072 | |
---|
11073 | |
---|
11074 | |
---|
11075 | |
---|
11076 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11077 | |
---|
11078 | |
---|
11079 | |
---|
11080 | |
---|
11081 | |
---|
11082 | |
---|
11083 | <p><i>10 *</i> |
---|
11084 | <i>0.0</i></p> |
---|
11085 | |
---|
11086 | |
---|
11087 | |
---|
11088 | |
---|
11089 | |
---|
11090 | |
---|
11091 | </td> |
---|
11092 | |
---|
11093 | |
---|
11094 | |
---|
11095 | |
---|
11096 | |
---|
11097 | |
---|
11098 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11099 | |
---|
11100 | |
---|
11101 | |
---|
11102 | |
---|
11103 | |
---|
11104 | |
---|
11105 | <p>Height level from |
---|
11106 | which on the humidity gradient defined by <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
11107 | is effective (in m). </p> |
---|
11108 | |
---|
11109 | |
---|
11110 | |
---|
11111 | |
---|
11112 | |
---|
11113 | |
---|
11114 | |
---|
11115 | |
---|
11116 | |
---|
11117 | |
---|
11118 | |
---|
11119 | |
---|
11120 | |
---|
11121 | <p>The height levels |
---|
11122 | are to be assigned in ascending order. The |
---|
11123 | default values result in a humidity constant with height regardless of |
---|
11124 | the values of <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
11125 | (unless the top boundary of the model is higher than 100000.0 m). For |
---|
11126 | the piecewise construction of humidity profiles see <a href="#q_vertical_gradient">q_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
---|
11127 | |
---|
11128 | |
---|
11129 | |
---|
11130 | |
---|
11131 | |
---|
11132 | |
---|
11133 | |
---|
11134 | </td> |
---|
11135 | |
---|
11136 | |
---|
11137 | |
---|
11138 | |
---|
11139 | |
---|
11140 | |
---|
11141 | </tr> |
---|
11142 | |
---|
11143 | |
---|
11144 | |
---|
11145 | |
---|
11146 | |
---|
11147 | |
---|
11148 | <tr> |
---|
11149 | |
---|
11150 | |
---|
11151 | |
---|
11152 | |
---|
11153 | |
---|
11154 | |
---|
11155 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11156 | |
---|
11157 | |
---|
11158 | |
---|
11159 | |
---|
11160 | |
---|
11161 | |
---|
11162 | <p><a name="radiation"></a><b>radiation</b></p> |
---|
11163 | |
---|
11164 | |
---|
11165 | |
---|
11166 | |
---|
11167 | |
---|
11168 | |
---|
11169 | |
---|
11170 | </td> |
---|
11171 | |
---|
11172 | |
---|
11173 | |
---|
11174 | |
---|
11175 | |
---|
11176 | |
---|
11177 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
11178 | |
---|
11179 | |
---|
11180 | |
---|
11181 | |
---|
11182 | |
---|
11183 | |
---|
11184 | |
---|
11185 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
---|
11186 | |
---|
11187 | |
---|
11188 | |
---|
11189 | |
---|
11190 | |
---|
11191 | |
---|
11192 | |
---|
11193 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11194 | |
---|
11195 | |
---|
11196 | |
---|
11197 | |
---|
11198 | |
---|
11199 | |
---|
11200 | <p>Parameter to |
---|
11201 | switch on longwave radiation cooling at |
---|
11202 | cloud-tops. </p> |
---|
11203 | |
---|
11204 | |
---|
11205 | |
---|
11206 | |
---|
11207 | |
---|
11208 | |
---|
11209 | |
---|
11210 | |
---|
11211 | |
---|
11212 | |
---|
11213 | |
---|
11214 | |
---|
11215 | |
---|
11216 | <p>Long-wave radiation |
---|
11217 | processes are parameterized by the |
---|
11218 | effective emissivity, which considers only the absorption and emission |
---|
11219 | of long-wave radiation at cloud droplets. The radiation scheme can be |
---|
11220 | used only with <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a> |
---|
11221 | = .TRUE. .</p> |
---|
11222 | |
---|
11223 | |
---|
11224 | |
---|
11225 | |
---|
11226 | |
---|
11227 | |
---|
11228 | </td> |
---|
11229 | |
---|
11230 | |
---|
11231 | |
---|
11232 | |
---|
11233 | |
---|
11234 | |
---|
11235 | </tr> |
---|
11236 | |
---|
11237 | |
---|
11238 | |
---|
11239 | |
---|
11240 | |
---|
11241 | |
---|
11242 | <tr> |
---|
11243 | |
---|
11244 | |
---|
11245 | |
---|
11246 | |
---|
11247 | |
---|
11248 | |
---|
11249 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11250 | |
---|
11251 | |
---|
11252 | |
---|
11253 | |
---|
11254 | |
---|
11255 | |
---|
11256 | <p><a name="random_generator"></a><b>random_generator</b></p> |
---|
11257 | |
---|
11258 | |
---|
11259 | |
---|
11260 | |
---|
11261 | |
---|
11262 | |
---|
11263 | |
---|
11264 | </td> |
---|
11265 | |
---|
11266 | |
---|
11267 | |
---|
11268 | |
---|
11269 | |
---|
11270 | |
---|
11271 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
11272 | |
---|
11273 | |
---|
11274 | |
---|
11275 | |
---|
11276 | |
---|
11277 | |
---|
11278 | |
---|
11279 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11280 | |
---|
11281 | |
---|
11282 | |
---|
11283 | |
---|
11284 | |
---|
11285 | |
---|
11286 | <p><i>'numerical</i><br> |
---|
11287 | |
---|
11288 | |
---|
11289 | |
---|
11290 | |
---|
11291 | |
---|
11292 | |
---|
11293 | |
---|
11294 | <i>recipes'</i></p> |
---|
11295 | |
---|
11296 | |
---|
11297 | |
---|
11298 | |
---|
11299 | |
---|
11300 | |
---|
11301 | </td> |
---|
11302 | |
---|
11303 | |
---|
11304 | |
---|
11305 | |
---|
11306 | |
---|
11307 | |
---|
11308 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11309 | |
---|
11310 | |
---|
11311 | |
---|
11312 | |
---|
11313 | |
---|
11314 | |
---|
11315 | <p>Random number |
---|
11316 | generator to be used for creating uniformly |
---|
11317 | distributed random numbers. <br> |
---|
11318 | |
---|
11319 | |
---|
11320 | |
---|
11321 | |
---|
11322 | |
---|
11323 | |
---|
11324 | </p> |
---|
11325 | |
---|
11326 | |
---|
11327 | |
---|
11328 | |
---|
11329 | |
---|
11330 | |
---|
11331 | |
---|
11332 | |
---|
11333 | |
---|
11334 | |
---|
11335 | |
---|
11336 | |
---|
11337 | |
---|
11338 | <p>It is |
---|
11339 | used if random perturbations are to be imposed on the |
---|
11340 | velocity field or on the surface heat flux field (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a> |
---|
11341 | and <a href="chapter_4.2.html#random_heatflux">random_heatflux</a>). |
---|
11342 | By default, the "Numerical Recipes" random number generator is used. |
---|
11343 | This one provides exactly the same order of random numbers on all |
---|
11344 | different machines and should be used in particular for comparison runs.<br> |
---|
11345 | |
---|
11346 | |
---|
11347 | |
---|
11348 | |
---|
11349 | |
---|
11350 | |
---|
11351 | |
---|
11352 | <br> |
---|
11353 | |
---|
11354 | |
---|
11355 | |
---|
11356 | |
---|
11357 | |
---|
11358 | |
---|
11359 | |
---|
11360 | Besides, a system-specific generator is available ( <b>random_generator</b> |
---|
11361 | = <i>'system-specific')</i> which should particularly be |
---|
11362 | used for runs |
---|
11363 | on vector parallel computers (NEC), because the default generator |
---|
11364 | cannot be vectorized and therefore significantly drops down the code |
---|
11365 | performance on these machines.<br> |
---|
11366 | |
---|
11367 | |
---|
11368 | |
---|
11369 | |
---|
11370 | |
---|
11371 | |
---|
11372 | </p> |
---|
11373 | |
---|
11374 | |
---|
11375 | |
---|
11376 | |
---|
11377 | |
---|
11378 | |
---|
11379 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
---|
11380 | |
---|
11381 | |
---|
11382 | |
---|
11383 | |
---|
11384 | |
---|
11385 | |
---|
11386 | |
---|
11387 | Results from two otherwise identical model runs will not be comparable |
---|
11388 | one-to-one if they used different random number generators.</td> |
---|
11389 | |
---|
11390 | |
---|
11391 | |
---|
11392 | |
---|
11393 | |
---|
11394 | |
---|
11395 | </tr> |
---|
11396 | |
---|
11397 | |
---|
11398 | |
---|
11399 | |
---|
11400 | |
---|
11401 | |
---|
11402 | |
---|
11403 | <tr> |
---|
11404 | |
---|
11405 | |
---|
11406 | |
---|
11407 | |
---|
11408 | |
---|
11409 | |
---|
11410 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11411 | |
---|
11412 | |
---|
11413 | |
---|
11414 | |
---|
11415 | |
---|
11416 | |
---|
11417 | <p><a name="random_heatflux"></a><b>random_heatflux</b></p> |
---|
11418 | |
---|
11419 | |
---|
11420 | |
---|
11421 | |
---|
11422 | |
---|
11423 | |
---|
11424 | |
---|
11425 | </td> |
---|
11426 | |
---|
11427 | |
---|
11428 | |
---|
11429 | |
---|
11430 | |
---|
11431 | |
---|
11432 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
11433 | |
---|
11434 | |
---|
11435 | |
---|
11436 | |
---|
11437 | |
---|
11438 | |
---|
11439 | |
---|
11440 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
---|
11441 | |
---|
11442 | |
---|
11443 | |
---|
11444 | |
---|
11445 | |
---|
11446 | |
---|
11447 | |
---|
11448 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11449 | |
---|
11450 | |
---|
11451 | |
---|
11452 | |
---|
11453 | |
---|
11454 | |
---|
11455 | <p>Parameter to |
---|
11456 | impose random perturbations on the internal two-dimensional near |
---|
11457 | surface heat flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span>. |
---|
11458 | <br> |
---|
11459 | |
---|
11460 | |
---|
11461 | |
---|
11462 | |
---|
11463 | |
---|
11464 | |
---|
11465 | </p> |
---|
11466 | |
---|
11467 | |
---|
11468 | |
---|
11469 | |
---|
11470 | |
---|
11471 | |
---|
11472 | If a near surface heat flux is used as bottom |
---|
11473 | boundary |
---|
11474 | condition (see <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>), |
---|
11475 | it is by default assumed to be horizontally homogeneous. Random |
---|
11476 | perturbations can be imposed on the internal |
---|
11477 | two-dimensional heat flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> by assigning <b>random_heatflux</b> |
---|
11478 | = <i>.T.</i>. The disturbed heat flux field is calculated |
---|
11479 | by |
---|
11480 | multiplying the |
---|
11481 | values at each mesh point with a normally distributed random number |
---|
11482 | with a mean value and standard deviation of 1. This is repeated after |
---|
11483 | every timestep.<br> |
---|
11484 | |
---|
11485 | |
---|
11486 | |
---|
11487 | |
---|
11488 | |
---|
11489 | |
---|
11490 | <br> |
---|
11491 | |
---|
11492 | |
---|
11493 | |
---|
11494 | |
---|
11495 | |
---|
11496 | |
---|
11497 | |
---|
11498 | In case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a>, assigning |
---|
11499 | <b>random_heatflux</b> |
---|
11500 | = <i>.T.</i> imposes random perturbations on the |
---|
11501 | combined heat |
---|
11502 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> |
---|
11503 | composed of <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a> |
---|
11504 | at the bottom surface and <a href="#wall_heatflux">wall_heatflux(0)</a> |
---|
11505 | at the topography top face.</td> |
---|
11506 | |
---|
11507 | |
---|
11508 | |
---|
11509 | |
---|
11510 | |
---|
11511 | |
---|
11512 | </tr> |
---|
11513 | |
---|
11514 | |
---|
11515 | |
---|
11516 | |
---|
11517 | |
---|
11518 | |
---|
11519 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="recycling_width"></a>recycling_width</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.1 * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nx">nx</a> * <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a></span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance of the recycling plane from the inflow boundary (in m).<br><br>This |
---|
11520 | parameter sets the horizontal extension (along the direction of the |
---|
11521 | main flow) of the so-called recycling domain which is used to generate |
---|
11522 | a turbulent inflow (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#turbulent_inflow">turbulent_inflow</a>). <span style="font-weight: bold;">recycling_width</span> must be larger than the grid spacing (dx) and smaller than the length of the total domain (nx * dx).</td></tr><tr> |
---|
11523 | |
---|
11524 | |
---|
11525 | |
---|
11526 | |
---|
11527 | |
---|
11528 | |
---|
11529 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11530 | |
---|
11531 | |
---|
11532 | |
---|
11533 | |
---|
11534 | |
---|
11535 | |
---|
11536 | <p><a name="rif_max"></a><b>rif_max</b></p> |
---|
11537 | |
---|
11538 | |
---|
11539 | |
---|
11540 | |
---|
11541 | |
---|
11542 | |
---|
11543 | |
---|
11544 | </td> |
---|
11545 | |
---|
11546 | |
---|
11547 | |
---|
11548 | |
---|
11549 | |
---|
11550 | |
---|
11551 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
11552 | |
---|
11553 | |
---|
11554 | |
---|
11555 | |
---|
11556 | |
---|
11557 | |
---|
11558 | |
---|
11559 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1.0</i></td> |
---|
11560 | |
---|
11561 | |
---|
11562 | |
---|
11563 | |
---|
11564 | |
---|
11565 | |
---|
11566 | |
---|
11567 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11568 | |
---|
11569 | |
---|
11570 | |
---|
11571 | |
---|
11572 | |
---|
11573 | |
---|
11574 | <p>Upper limit of |
---|
11575 | the flux-Richardson number. </p> |
---|
11576 | |
---|
11577 | |
---|
11578 | |
---|
11579 | |
---|
11580 | |
---|
11581 | |
---|
11582 | |
---|
11583 | |
---|
11584 | |
---|
11585 | |
---|
11586 | |
---|
11587 | |
---|
11588 | |
---|
11589 | <p>With the |
---|
11590 | Prandtl layer switched on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>), |
---|
11591 | flux-Richardson numbers (rif) are calculated for z=z<sub>p</sub> |
---|
11592 | (k=1) |
---|
11593 | in the 3d-model (in the 1d model for all heights). Their values in |
---|
11594 | particular determine the |
---|
11595 | values of the friction velocity (1d- and 3d-model) and the values of |
---|
11596 | the eddy diffusivity (1d-model). With small wind velocities at the |
---|
11597 | Prandtl layer top or small vertical wind shears in the 1d-model, rif |
---|
11598 | can take up unrealistic large values. They are limited by an upper (<span style="font-weight: bold;">rif_max</span>) and lower |
---|
11599 | limit (see <a href="#rif_min">rif_min</a>) |
---|
11600 | for the flux-Richardson number. The condition <b>rif_max</b> |
---|
11601 | > <b>rif_min</b> |
---|
11602 | must be met.</p> |
---|
11603 | |
---|
11604 | |
---|
11605 | |
---|
11606 | |
---|
11607 | |
---|
11608 | |
---|
11609 | </td> |
---|
11610 | |
---|
11611 | |
---|
11612 | |
---|
11613 | |
---|
11614 | |
---|
11615 | |
---|
11616 | </tr> |
---|
11617 | |
---|
11618 | |
---|
11619 | |
---|
11620 | |
---|
11621 | |
---|
11622 | |
---|
11623 | <tr> |
---|
11624 | |
---|
11625 | |
---|
11626 | |
---|
11627 | |
---|
11628 | |
---|
11629 | |
---|
11630 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11631 | |
---|
11632 | |
---|
11633 | |
---|
11634 | |
---|
11635 | |
---|
11636 | |
---|
11637 | <p><a name="rif_min"></a><b>rif_min</b></p> |
---|
11638 | |
---|
11639 | |
---|
11640 | |
---|
11641 | |
---|
11642 | |
---|
11643 | |
---|
11644 | |
---|
11645 | </td> |
---|
11646 | |
---|
11647 | |
---|
11648 | |
---|
11649 | |
---|
11650 | |
---|
11651 | |
---|
11652 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
11653 | |
---|
11654 | |
---|
11655 | |
---|
11656 | |
---|
11657 | |
---|
11658 | |
---|
11659 | |
---|
11660 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>- 5.0</i></td> |
---|
11661 | |
---|
11662 | |
---|
11663 | |
---|
11664 | |
---|
11665 | |
---|
11666 | |
---|
11667 | |
---|
11668 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11669 | |
---|
11670 | |
---|
11671 | |
---|
11672 | |
---|
11673 | |
---|
11674 | |
---|
11675 | <p>Lower limit of |
---|
11676 | the flux-Richardson number. </p> |
---|
11677 | |
---|
11678 | |
---|
11679 | |
---|
11680 | |
---|
11681 | |
---|
11682 | |
---|
11683 | |
---|
11684 | |
---|
11685 | |
---|
11686 | |
---|
11687 | |
---|
11688 | |
---|
11689 | |
---|
11690 | <p>For further |
---|
11691 | explanations see <a href="#rif_max">rif_max</a>. |
---|
11692 | The condition <b>rif_max</b> > <b>rif_min </b>must |
---|
11693 | be met.</p> |
---|
11694 | |
---|
11695 | |
---|
11696 | |
---|
11697 | |
---|
11698 | |
---|
11699 | |
---|
11700 | </td> |
---|
11701 | |
---|
11702 | |
---|
11703 | |
---|
11704 | |
---|
11705 | |
---|
11706 | |
---|
11707 | </tr> |
---|
11708 | |
---|
11709 | |
---|
11710 | |
---|
11711 | |
---|
11712 | |
---|
11713 | |
---|
11714 | <tr> |
---|
11715 | |
---|
11716 | |
---|
11717 | |
---|
11718 | |
---|
11719 | |
---|
11720 | |
---|
11721 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11722 | |
---|
11723 | |
---|
11724 | |
---|
11725 | |
---|
11726 | |
---|
11727 | |
---|
11728 | <p><a name="roughness_length"></a><b>roughness_length</b></p> |
---|
11729 | |
---|
11730 | |
---|
11731 | |
---|
11732 | |
---|
11733 | |
---|
11734 | |
---|
11735 | |
---|
11736 | </td> |
---|
11737 | |
---|
11738 | |
---|
11739 | |
---|
11740 | |
---|
11741 | |
---|
11742 | |
---|
11743 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
11744 | |
---|
11745 | |
---|
11746 | |
---|
11747 | |
---|
11748 | |
---|
11749 | |
---|
11750 | |
---|
11751 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.1</i></td> |
---|
11752 | |
---|
11753 | |
---|
11754 | |
---|
11755 | |
---|
11756 | |
---|
11757 | |
---|
11758 | |
---|
11759 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11760 | |
---|
11761 | |
---|
11762 | |
---|
11763 | |
---|
11764 | |
---|
11765 | |
---|
11766 | <p>Roughness |
---|
11767 | length (in m). </p> |
---|
11768 | |
---|
11769 | |
---|
11770 | |
---|
11771 | |
---|
11772 | |
---|
11773 | |
---|
11774 | |
---|
11775 | |
---|
11776 | |
---|
11777 | |
---|
11778 | |
---|
11779 | |
---|
11780 | |
---|
11781 | <p>This parameter is |
---|
11782 | effective only in case that a Prandtl layer |
---|
11783 | is switched |
---|
11784 | on (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>).</p> |
---|
11785 | |
---|
11786 | |
---|
11787 | |
---|
11788 | |
---|
11789 | |
---|
11790 | |
---|
11791 | |
---|
11792 | </td> |
---|
11793 | |
---|
11794 | |
---|
11795 | |
---|
11796 | |
---|
11797 | |
---|
11798 | |
---|
11799 | </tr> |
---|
11800 | |
---|
11801 | |
---|
11802 | |
---|
11803 | |
---|
11804 | |
---|
11805 | |
---|
11806 | <tr> |
---|
11807 | |
---|
11808 | |
---|
11809 | |
---|
11810 | |
---|
11811 | |
---|
11812 | |
---|
11813 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_surface</span></td> |
---|
11814 | |
---|
11815 | |
---|
11816 | |
---|
11817 | |
---|
11818 | |
---|
11819 | |
---|
11820 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
11821 | |
---|
11822 | |
---|
11823 | |
---|
11824 | |
---|
11825 | |
---|
11826 | |
---|
11827 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">35.0</span></td> |
---|
11828 | |
---|
11829 | |
---|
11830 | |
---|
11831 | |
---|
11832 | |
---|
11833 | |
---|
11834 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11835 | |
---|
11836 | |
---|
11837 | |
---|
11838 | |
---|
11839 | |
---|
11840 | |
---|
11841 | <p>Surface salinity (in psu). </p> |
---|
11842 | |
---|
11843 | |
---|
11844 | |
---|
11845 | |
---|
11846 | |
---|
11847 | |
---|
11848 | This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>). |
---|
11849 | |
---|
11850 | |
---|
11851 | |
---|
11852 | |
---|
11853 | |
---|
11854 | |
---|
11855 | <p>This |
---|
11856 | parameter assigns the value of the salinity <span style="font-weight: bold;">sa</span> at the sea surface (k=nzt)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, |
---|
11857 | the |
---|
11858 | initial vertical salinity profile is constructed from the surface down to the bottom of the model (k=0) by using <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
11859 | and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level |
---|
11860 | </a>.</p> |
---|
11861 | |
---|
11862 | |
---|
11863 | |
---|
11864 | |
---|
11865 | |
---|
11866 | |
---|
11867 | </td> |
---|
11868 | |
---|
11869 | |
---|
11870 | |
---|
11871 | |
---|
11872 | |
---|
11873 | |
---|
11874 | </tr> |
---|
11875 | |
---|
11876 | |
---|
11877 | |
---|
11878 | |
---|
11879 | |
---|
11880 | |
---|
11881 | <tr> |
---|
11882 | |
---|
11883 | |
---|
11884 | |
---|
11885 | |
---|
11886 | |
---|
11887 | |
---|
11888 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_vertical_gradient</span></td> |
---|
11889 | |
---|
11890 | |
---|
11891 | |
---|
11892 | |
---|
11893 | |
---|
11894 | |
---|
11895 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)</td> |
---|
11896 | |
---|
11897 | |
---|
11898 | |
---|
11899 | |
---|
11900 | |
---|
11901 | |
---|
11902 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
---|
11903 | |
---|
11904 | |
---|
11905 | |
---|
11906 | |
---|
11907 | |
---|
11908 | |
---|
11909 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
11910 | |
---|
11911 | |
---|
11912 | |
---|
11913 | |
---|
11914 | |
---|
11915 | |
---|
11916 | <p>Salinity gradient(s) of the initial salinity profile (in psu |
---|
11917 | / 100 m). </p> |
---|
11918 | |
---|
11919 | |
---|
11920 | |
---|
11921 | |
---|
11922 | |
---|
11923 | |
---|
11924 | |
---|
11925 | |
---|
11926 | |
---|
11927 | |
---|
11928 | |
---|
11929 | |
---|
11930 | |
---|
11931 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
---|
11932 | |
---|
11933 | |
---|
11934 | |
---|
11935 | |
---|
11936 | |
---|
11937 | |
---|
11938 | |
---|
11939 | |
---|
11940 | |
---|
11941 | |
---|
11942 | |
---|
11943 | |
---|
11944 | <p>This salinity gradient |
---|
11945 | holds starting from the height |
---|
11946 | level defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
11947 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) < |
---|
11948 | sa_vertical_gradient_level, sa_init(k) is set: sa_init(k) = |
---|
11949 | sa_init(k+1) - dzu(k+1) * <b>sa_vertical_gradient</b>) down to the bottom boundary or down to the next height level defined |
---|
11950 | by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
11951 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
---|
11952 | if <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient_level">sa_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
---|
11953 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The surface salinity at k=nzt is |
---|
11954 | assigned via <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>. |
---|
11955 | </p> |
---|
11956 | |
---|
11957 | |
---|
11958 | |
---|
11959 | |
---|
11960 | |
---|
11961 | |
---|
11962 | |
---|
11963 | |
---|
11964 | |
---|
11965 | |
---|
11966 | |
---|
11967 | |
---|
11968 | |
---|
11969 | <p>Example: </p> |
---|
11970 | |
---|
11971 | |
---|
11972 | |
---|
11973 | |
---|
11974 | |
---|
11975 | |
---|
11976 | |
---|
11977 | |
---|
11978 | |
---|
11979 | |
---|
11980 | |
---|
11981 | |
---|
11982 | |
---|
11983 | <ul> |
---|
11984 | |
---|
11985 | |
---|
11986 | |
---|
11987 | |
---|
11988 | |
---|
11989 | |
---|
11990 | |
---|
11991 | |
---|
11992 | |
---|
11993 | |
---|
11994 | |
---|
11995 | |
---|
11996 | <p><b>sa_vertical_gradient</b> |
---|
11997 | = <i>1.0</i>, <i>0.5</i>, <br> |
---|
11998 | |
---|
11999 | |
---|
12000 | |
---|
12001 | |
---|
12002 | |
---|
12003 | |
---|
12004 | |
---|
12005 | <b>sa_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>-500.0</i>, |
---|
12006 | -<i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
---|
12007 | |
---|
12008 | |
---|
12009 | |
---|
12010 | |
---|
12011 | |
---|
12012 | |
---|
12013 | |
---|
12014 | |
---|
12015 | |
---|
12016 | |
---|
12017 | |
---|
12018 | |
---|
12019 | </ul> |
---|
12020 | |
---|
12021 | |
---|
12022 | |
---|
12023 | |
---|
12024 | |
---|
12025 | |
---|
12026 | |
---|
12027 | |
---|
12028 | |
---|
12029 | |
---|
12030 | |
---|
12031 | |
---|
12032 | |
---|
12033 | <p>That |
---|
12034 | defines the salinity to be constant down to z = -500.0 m with a salinity given by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_surface">sa_surface</a>. |
---|
12035 | For -500.0 m < z <= -1000.0 m the salinity gradient is |
---|
12036 | 1.0 psu / |
---|
12037 | 100 m and for z < -1000.0 m down to the bottom boundary it is |
---|
12038 | 0.5 psu / 100 m (it is assumed that the assigned height levels correspond |
---|
12039 | with uv levels).</p> |
---|
12040 | |
---|
12041 | |
---|
12042 | |
---|
12043 | |
---|
12044 | |
---|
12045 | |
---|
12046 | </td> |
---|
12047 | |
---|
12048 | |
---|
12049 | |
---|
12050 | |
---|
12051 | |
---|
12052 | |
---|
12053 | </tr> |
---|
12054 | |
---|
12055 | |
---|
12056 | |
---|
12057 | |
---|
12058 | |
---|
12059 | |
---|
12060 | <tr> |
---|
12061 | |
---|
12062 | |
---|
12063 | |
---|
12064 | |
---|
12065 | |
---|
12066 | |
---|
12067 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="sa_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">sa_vertical_gradient_level</span></td> |
---|
12068 | |
---|
12069 | |
---|
12070 | |
---|
12071 | |
---|
12072 | |
---|
12073 | |
---|
12074 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)</td> |
---|
12075 | |
---|
12076 | |
---|
12077 | |
---|
12078 | |
---|
12079 | |
---|
12080 | |
---|
12081 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 * 0.0</span></td> |
---|
12082 | |
---|
12083 | |
---|
12084 | |
---|
12085 | |
---|
12086 | |
---|
12087 | |
---|
12088 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
12089 | |
---|
12090 | |
---|
12091 | |
---|
12092 | |
---|
12093 | |
---|
12094 | |
---|
12095 | <p>Height level from which on the salinity gradient defined by <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
12096 | is effective (in m). </p> |
---|
12097 | |
---|
12098 | |
---|
12099 | |
---|
12100 | |
---|
12101 | |
---|
12102 | |
---|
12103 | |
---|
12104 | |
---|
12105 | |
---|
12106 | |
---|
12107 | |
---|
12108 | |
---|
12109 | |
---|
12110 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
---|
12111 | |
---|
12112 | |
---|
12113 | |
---|
12114 | |
---|
12115 | |
---|
12116 | |
---|
12117 | |
---|
12118 | |
---|
12119 | |
---|
12120 | |
---|
12121 | |
---|
12122 | |
---|
12123 | <p>The height levels have to be assigned in descending order. The |
---|
12124 | default values result in a constant salinity profile regardless of the |
---|
12125 | values of <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
12126 | (unless the bottom boundary of the model is lower than -100000.0 m). |
---|
12127 | For the piecewise construction of salinity profiles see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#sa_vertical_gradient">sa_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
---|
12128 | |
---|
12129 | |
---|
12130 | |
---|
12131 | |
---|
12132 | |
---|
12133 | |
---|
12134 | </td> |
---|
12135 | |
---|
12136 | |
---|
12137 | |
---|
12138 | |
---|
12139 | |
---|
12140 | |
---|
12141 | </tr> |
---|
12142 | |
---|
12143 | |
---|
12144 | |
---|
12145 | |
---|
12146 | |
---|
12147 | |
---|
12148 | <tr> |
---|
12149 | |
---|
12150 | |
---|
12151 | |
---|
12152 | |
---|
12153 | |
---|
12154 | |
---|
12155 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
12156 | |
---|
12157 | |
---|
12158 | |
---|
12159 | |
---|
12160 | |
---|
12161 | |
---|
12162 | <p><a name="scalar_advec"></a><b>scalar_advec</b></p> |
---|
12163 | |
---|
12164 | |
---|
12165 | |
---|
12166 | |
---|
12167 | |
---|
12168 | |
---|
12169 | |
---|
12170 | </td> |
---|
12171 | |
---|
12172 | |
---|
12173 | |
---|
12174 | |
---|
12175 | |
---|
12176 | |
---|
12177 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 10</td> |
---|
12178 | |
---|
12179 | |
---|
12180 | |
---|
12181 | |
---|
12182 | |
---|
12183 | |
---|
12184 | |
---|
12185 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>'pw-scheme'</i></td> |
---|
12186 | |
---|
12187 | |
---|
12188 | |
---|
12189 | |
---|
12190 | |
---|
12191 | |
---|
12192 | |
---|
12193 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
12194 | |
---|
12195 | |
---|
12196 | |
---|
12197 | |
---|
12198 | |
---|
12199 | |
---|
12200 | <p>Advection |
---|
12201 | scheme to be used for the scalar quantities. </p> |
---|
12202 | |
---|
12203 | |
---|
12204 | |
---|
12205 | |
---|
12206 | |
---|
12207 | |
---|
12208 | |
---|
12209 | |
---|
12210 | |
---|
12211 | |
---|
12212 | |
---|
12213 | |
---|
12214 | |
---|
12215 | <p>The |
---|
12216 | user can choose between the following schemes:<br> |
---|
12217 | |
---|
12218 | |
---|
12219 | |
---|
12220 | |
---|
12221 | |
---|
12222 | |
---|
12223 | </p> |
---|
12224 | |
---|
12225 | |
---|
12226 | |
---|
12227 | |
---|
12228 | |
---|
12229 | |
---|
12230 | |
---|
12231 | |
---|
12232 | |
---|
12233 | |
---|
12234 | |
---|
12235 | |
---|
12236 | |
---|
12237 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'pw-scheme'</span><br> |
---|
12238 | |
---|
12239 | |
---|
12240 | |
---|
12241 | |
---|
12242 | |
---|
12243 | |
---|
12244 | |
---|
12245 | </p> |
---|
12246 | |
---|
12247 | |
---|
12248 | |
---|
12249 | |
---|
12250 | |
---|
12251 | |
---|
12252 | |
---|
12253 | |
---|
12254 | |
---|
12255 | |
---|
12256 | |
---|
12257 | |
---|
12258 | |
---|
12259 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The scheme of |
---|
12260 | Piascek and |
---|
12261 | Williams (1970, J. Comp. Phys., 6, |
---|
12262 | 392-405) with central differences in the form C3 is used.<br> |
---|
12263 | |
---|
12264 | |
---|
12265 | |
---|
12266 | |
---|
12267 | |
---|
12268 | |
---|
12269 | |
---|
12270 | If intermediate Euler-timesteps are carried out in case of <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
---|
12271 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog+euler'</span> |
---|
12272 | the |
---|
12273 | advection scheme is - for the Euler-timestep - automatically switched |
---|
12274 | to an upstream-scheme. <br> |
---|
12275 | |
---|
12276 | |
---|
12277 | |
---|
12278 | |
---|
12279 | |
---|
12280 | |
---|
12281 | </div> |
---|
12282 | |
---|
12283 | |
---|
12284 | |
---|
12285 | |
---|
12286 | |
---|
12287 | |
---|
12288 | <br> |
---|
12289 | |
---|
12290 | |
---|
12291 | |
---|
12292 | |
---|
12293 | |
---|
12294 | |
---|
12295 | |
---|
12296 | |
---|
12297 | |
---|
12298 | |
---|
12299 | |
---|
12300 | |
---|
12301 | |
---|
12302 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'bc-scheme'</span><br> |
---|
12303 | |
---|
12304 | |
---|
12305 | |
---|
12306 | |
---|
12307 | |
---|
12308 | |
---|
12309 | |
---|
12310 | </p> |
---|
12311 | |
---|
12312 | |
---|
12313 | |
---|
12314 | |
---|
12315 | |
---|
12316 | |
---|
12317 | |
---|
12318 | |
---|
12319 | |
---|
12320 | |
---|
12321 | |
---|
12322 | |
---|
12323 | |
---|
12324 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The Bott |
---|
12325 | scheme modified by |
---|
12326 | Chlond (1994, Mon. |
---|
12327 | Wea. Rev., 122, 111-125). This is a conservative monotonous scheme with |
---|
12328 | very small numerical diffusion and therefore very good conservation of |
---|
12329 | scalar flow features. The scheme however, is computationally very |
---|
12330 | expensive both because it is expensive itself and because it does (so |
---|
12331 | far) not allow specific code optimizations (e.g. cache optimization). |
---|
12332 | Choice of this |
---|
12333 | scheme forces the Euler timestep scheme to be used for the scalar |
---|
12334 | quantities. For output of horizontally averaged |
---|
12335 | profiles of the resolved / total heat flux, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a> |
---|
12336 | = <i>'w*pt*BC'</i> / <i>'wptBC' </i>should |
---|
12337 | be used, instead of the |
---|
12338 | standard profiles (<span style="font-style: italic;">'w*pt*'</span> |
---|
12339 | and <span style="font-style: italic;">'wpt'</span>) |
---|
12340 | because these are |
---|
12341 | too inaccurate with this scheme. However, for subdomain analysis (see <a href="#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>) |
---|
12342 | exactly the reverse holds: here <i>'w*pt*BC'</i> and <i>'wptBC'</i> |
---|
12343 | show very large errors and should not be used.<br> |
---|
12344 | |
---|
12345 | |
---|
12346 | |
---|
12347 | |
---|
12348 | |
---|
12349 | |
---|
12350 | <br> |
---|
12351 | |
---|
12352 | |
---|
12353 | |
---|
12354 | |
---|
12355 | |
---|
12356 | |
---|
12357 | |
---|
12358 | This scheme is not allowed for non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions |
---|
12359 | (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
12360 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).<br> |
---|
12361 | |
---|
12362 | |
---|
12363 | |
---|
12364 | |
---|
12365 | |
---|
12366 | |
---|
12367 | <br> |
---|
12368 | |
---|
12369 | |
---|
12370 | |
---|
12371 | |
---|
12372 | |
---|
12373 | |
---|
12374 | |
---|
12375 | </div> |
---|
12376 | |
---|
12377 | |
---|
12378 | |
---|
12379 | |
---|
12380 | |
---|
12381 | |
---|
12382 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span><br> |
---|
12383 | |
---|
12384 | |
---|
12385 | |
---|
12386 | |
---|
12387 | |
---|
12388 | |
---|
12389 | |
---|
12390 | |
---|
12391 | |
---|
12392 | |
---|
12393 | |
---|
12394 | |
---|
12395 | |
---|
12396 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">The upstream-spline-scheme |
---|
12397 | is used |
---|
12398 | (see Mahrer and Pielke, |
---|
12399 | 1978: Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 818-830). In opposite to the Piascek |
---|
12400 | Williams scheme, this is characterized by much better numerical |
---|
12401 | features (less numerical diffusion, better preservation of flux |
---|
12402 | structures, e.g. vortices), but computationally it is much more |
---|
12403 | expensive. In |
---|
12404 | addition, the use of the Euler-timestep scheme is mandatory (<a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a> |
---|
12405 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><i>euler'</i>), |
---|
12406 | i.e. the |
---|
12407 | timestep accuracy is only first order. For this reason the advection of |
---|
12408 | momentum (see <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a>) |
---|
12409 | should then also be carried out with the upstream-spline scheme, |
---|
12410 | because otherwise the momentum would |
---|
12411 | be subject to large numerical diffusion due to the upstream |
---|
12412 | scheme. </p> |
---|
12413 | |
---|
12414 | |
---|
12415 | |
---|
12416 | |
---|
12417 | |
---|
12418 | |
---|
12419 | |
---|
12420 | |
---|
12421 | |
---|
12422 | |
---|
12423 | |
---|
12424 | |
---|
12425 | |
---|
12426 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">Since |
---|
12427 | the cubic splines used tend |
---|
12428 | to overshoot under |
---|
12429 | certain circumstances, this effect must be adjusted by suitable |
---|
12430 | filtering and smoothing (see <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>, |
---|
12431 | <a href="#long_filter_factor">long_filter_factor</a>, |
---|
12432 | <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_u">ups_limit_u</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_v">ups_limit_v</a>, <a href="#ups_limit_w">ups_limit_w</a>). |
---|
12433 | This is always neccesssary for runs with stable stratification, |
---|
12434 | even if this stratification appears only in parts of the model |
---|
12435 | domain. </p> |
---|
12436 | |
---|
12437 | |
---|
12438 | |
---|
12439 | |
---|
12440 | |
---|
12441 | |
---|
12442 | |
---|
12443 | |
---|
12444 | |
---|
12445 | |
---|
12446 | |
---|
12447 | |
---|
12448 | |
---|
12449 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;">With |
---|
12450 | stable stratification the |
---|
12451 | upstream-upline scheme also produces gravity waves with large |
---|
12452 | amplitude, which must be |
---|
12453 | suitably damped (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#rayleigh_damping_factor">rayleigh_damping_factor</a>).<br> |
---|
12454 | |
---|
12455 | |
---|
12456 | |
---|
12457 | |
---|
12458 | |
---|
12459 | |
---|
12460 | |
---|
12461 | </p> |
---|
12462 | |
---|
12463 | |
---|
12464 | |
---|
12465 | |
---|
12466 | |
---|
12467 | |
---|
12468 | |
---|
12469 | |
---|
12470 | |
---|
12471 | |
---|
12472 | |
---|
12473 | |
---|
12474 | |
---|
12475 | <p style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Important: </span>The |
---|
12476 | upstream-spline scheme is not implemented for humidity and passive |
---|
12477 | scalars (see <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> |
---|
12478 | and <a href="#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>) |
---|
12479 | and requires the use of a 2d-domain-decomposition. The last conditions |
---|
12480 | severely restricts code optimization on several machines leading to |
---|
12481 | very long execution times! This scheme is also not allowed for |
---|
12482 | non-cyclic lateral boundary conditions (see <a href="#bc_lr">bc_lr</a> |
---|
12483 | and <a href="#bc_ns">bc_ns</a>).</p> |
---|
12484 | |
---|
12485 | |
---|
12486 | |
---|
12487 | |
---|
12488 | |
---|
12489 | |
---|
12490 | <br> |
---|
12491 | |
---|
12492 | |
---|
12493 | |
---|
12494 | |
---|
12495 | |
---|
12496 | |
---|
12497 | A |
---|
12498 | differing advection scheme can be choosed for the subgrid-scale TKE |
---|
12499 | using parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>.</td> |
---|
12500 | |
---|
12501 | |
---|
12502 | |
---|
12503 | |
---|
12504 | |
---|
12505 | |
---|
12506 | |
---|
12507 | </tr> |
---|
12508 | |
---|
12509 | |
---|
12510 | |
---|
12511 | |
---|
12512 | |
---|
12513 | |
---|
12514 | <tr> |
---|
12515 | |
---|
12516 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="scalar_exchange_coefficient"></a><b>scalar_exchange_coefficient</b></td> |
---|
12517 | |
---|
12518 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
12519 | |
---|
12520 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td> |
---|
12521 | |
---|
12522 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Scalar exchange coefficient for a leaf (dimensionless).<br> |
---|
12523 | |
---|
12524 | |
---|
12525 | <br> |
---|
12526 | |
---|
12527 | |
---|
12528 | This parameter is only of importance in cases in that both, <a href="../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1_adjusted.html#plant_canopy">plant_canopy</a> and <a href="../../../../../DEVELOPER_VERSION/chapter_4.1_adjusted.html#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a>, are set <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>. |
---|
12529 | The value of the scalar exchange coefficient is required for the parametrisation of the sources and sinks of |
---|
12530 | scalar concentration due to the canopy.</td> |
---|
12531 | |
---|
12532 | </tr> |
---|
12533 | |
---|
12534 | <tr> |
---|
12535 | |
---|
12536 | |
---|
12537 | |
---|
12538 | |
---|
12539 | |
---|
12540 | |
---|
12541 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
12542 | |
---|
12543 | |
---|
12544 | |
---|
12545 | |
---|
12546 | |
---|
12547 | |
---|
12548 | <p><a name="statistic_regions"></a><b>statistic_regions</b></p> |
---|
12549 | |
---|
12550 | |
---|
12551 | |
---|
12552 | |
---|
12553 | |
---|
12554 | |
---|
12555 | |
---|
12556 | </td> |
---|
12557 | |
---|
12558 | |
---|
12559 | |
---|
12560 | |
---|
12561 | |
---|
12562 | |
---|
12563 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td> |
---|
12564 | |
---|
12565 | |
---|
12566 | |
---|
12567 | |
---|
12568 | |
---|
12569 | |
---|
12570 | |
---|
12571 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0</i></td> |
---|
12572 | |
---|
12573 | |
---|
12574 | |
---|
12575 | |
---|
12576 | |
---|
12577 | |
---|
12578 | |
---|
12579 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
12580 | |
---|
12581 | |
---|
12582 | |
---|
12583 | |
---|
12584 | |
---|
12585 | |
---|
12586 | <p>Number of |
---|
12587 | additional user-defined subdomains for which |
---|
12588 | statistical analysis |
---|
12589 | and corresponding output (profiles, time series) shall be |
---|
12590 | made. </p> |
---|
12591 | |
---|
12592 | |
---|
12593 | |
---|
12594 | |
---|
12595 | |
---|
12596 | |
---|
12597 | |
---|
12598 | |
---|
12599 | |
---|
12600 | |
---|
12601 | |
---|
12602 | |
---|
12603 | |
---|
12604 | <p>By default, vertical profiles and |
---|
12605 | other statistical quantities |
---|
12606 | are calculated as horizontal and/or volume average of the total model |
---|
12607 | domain. Beyond that, these calculations can also be carried out for |
---|
12608 | subdomains which can be defined using the field <a href="chapter_3.5.3.html">rmask </a>within the |
---|
12609 | user-defined software |
---|
12610 | (see <a href="chapter_3.5.3.html">chapter |
---|
12611 | 3.5.3</a>). The number of these subdomains is determined with the |
---|
12612 | parameter <b>statistic_regions</b>. Maximum 9 additional |
---|
12613 | subdomains |
---|
12614 | are allowed. The parameter <a href="chapter_4.3.html#region">region</a> |
---|
12615 | can be used to assigned names (identifier) to these subdomains which |
---|
12616 | are then used in the headers |
---|
12617 | of the output files and plots.</p> |
---|
12618 | |
---|
12619 | |
---|
12620 | |
---|
12621 | |
---|
12622 | |
---|
12623 | |
---|
12624 | |
---|
12625 | |
---|
12626 | |
---|
12627 | |
---|
12628 | |
---|
12629 | |
---|
12630 | <p>If the default NetCDF |
---|
12631 | output format is selected (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>), |
---|
12632 | data for the total domain and all defined subdomains are output to the |
---|
12633 | same file(s) (<a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF">DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF</a>, |
---|
12634 | <a href="chapter_3.4.html#DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF">DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF</a>). |
---|
12635 | In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">statistic_regions</span> |
---|
12636 | > <span style="font-style: italic;">0</span>, |
---|
12637 | data on the file for the different domains can be distinguished by a |
---|
12638 | suffix which is appended to the quantity names. Suffix 0 means data for |
---|
12639 | the total domain, suffix 1 means data for subdomain 1, etc.</p> |
---|
12640 | |
---|
12641 | |
---|
12642 | |
---|
12643 | |
---|
12644 | |
---|
12645 | |
---|
12646 | |
---|
12647 | |
---|
12648 | |
---|
12649 | |
---|
12650 | |
---|
12651 | |
---|
12652 | <p>In |
---|
12653 | case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">data_output_format</span> |
---|
12654 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>, |
---|
12655 | individual local files for profiles (<a href="chapter_3.4.html#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>) are |
---|
12656 | created for each subdomain. The individual subdomain files differ by |
---|
12657 | their name (the |
---|
12658 | number of the respective subdomain is attached, e.g. |
---|
12659 | PLOT1D_DATA_1). In this case the name of the file with the data of |
---|
12660 | the total domain is PLOT1D_DATA_0. If no subdomains |
---|
12661 | are declared (<b>statistic_regions</b> = <i>0</i>), |
---|
12662 | the name |
---|
12663 | PLOT1D_DATA is used (this must be considered in the |
---|
12664 | respective file connection statements of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span> configuration |
---|
12665 | file).</p> |
---|
12666 | |
---|
12667 | |
---|
12668 | |
---|
12669 | |
---|
12670 | |
---|
12671 | |
---|
12672 | </td> |
---|
12673 | |
---|
12674 | |
---|
12675 | |
---|
12676 | |
---|
12677 | |
---|
12678 | |
---|
12679 | </tr> |
---|
12680 | |
---|
12681 | |
---|
12682 | |
---|
12683 | |
---|
12684 | |
---|
12685 | |
---|
12686 | <tr> |
---|
12687 | |
---|
12688 | |
---|
12689 | |
---|
12690 | |
---|
12691 | |
---|
12692 | |
---|
12693 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
12694 | |
---|
12695 | |
---|
12696 | |
---|
12697 | |
---|
12698 | |
---|
12699 | |
---|
12700 | <p><a name="surface_heatflux"></a><b>surface_heatflux</b></p> |
---|
12701 | |
---|
12702 | |
---|
12703 | |
---|
12704 | |
---|
12705 | |
---|
12706 | |
---|
12707 | |
---|
12708 | </td> |
---|
12709 | |
---|
12710 | |
---|
12711 | |
---|
12712 | |
---|
12713 | |
---|
12714 | |
---|
12715 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
12716 | |
---|
12717 | |
---|
12718 | |
---|
12719 | |
---|
12720 | |
---|
12721 | |
---|
12722 | |
---|
12723 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br> |
---|
12724 | |
---|
12725 | |
---|
12726 | |
---|
12727 | |
---|
12728 | |
---|
12729 | |
---|
12730 | |
---|
12731 | heatflux<br> |
---|
12732 | |
---|
12733 | |
---|
12734 | |
---|
12735 | |
---|
12736 | |
---|
12737 | |
---|
12738 | </span></td> |
---|
12739 | |
---|
12740 | |
---|
12741 | |
---|
12742 | |
---|
12743 | |
---|
12744 | |
---|
12745 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
12746 | |
---|
12747 | |
---|
12748 | |
---|
12749 | |
---|
12750 | |
---|
12751 | |
---|
12752 | <p>Kinematic sensible |
---|
12753 | heat flux at the bottom surface (in K m/s). </p> |
---|
12754 | |
---|
12755 | |
---|
12756 | |
---|
12757 | |
---|
12758 | |
---|
12759 | |
---|
12760 | |
---|
12761 | |
---|
12762 | |
---|
12763 | |
---|
12764 | |
---|
12765 | |
---|
12766 | |
---|
12767 | <p>If |
---|
12768 | a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal two-dimensional |
---|
12769 | surface heat flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> |
---|
12770 | is initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">surface_heatflux</span> as |
---|
12771 | bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the |
---|
12772 | temperature equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
---|
12773 | condition must be used for the potential temperature (see <a href="#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a>), |
---|
12774 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
12775 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed. Also, |
---|
12776 | changes of the |
---|
12777 | surface temperature (see <a href="#pt_surface_initial_change">pt_surface_initial_change</a>) |
---|
12778 | are not allowed. The parameter <a href="#random_heatflux">random_heatflux</a> |
---|
12779 | can be used to impose random perturbations on the (homogeneous) surface |
---|
12780 | heat |
---|
12781 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span>.<br> |
---|
12782 | </p> |
---|
12783 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
12784 | Setting of <span style="font-weight: bold;">surface_heatflux</span> requires setting of <a href="#use_surface_fluxes">use_surface_fluxes</a>=<span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span>, if the Prandtl-layer is switched off (<a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>=<span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>). </p> |
---|
12785 | |
---|
12786 | |
---|
12787 | |
---|
12788 | |
---|
12789 | |
---|
12790 | |
---|
12791 | |
---|
12792 | |
---|
12793 | |
---|
12794 | |
---|
12795 | |
---|
12796 | |
---|
12797 | |
---|
12798 | |
---|
12799 | <p> |
---|
12800 | In case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a>, the |
---|
12801 | internal two-dimensional surface heat |
---|
12802 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> |
---|
12803 | is initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">surface_heatflux</span> |
---|
12804 | at the bottom surface and <a href="#wall_heatflux">wall_heatflux(0)</a> |
---|
12805 | at the topography top face. The parameter<a href="#random_heatflux"> random_heatflux</a> |
---|
12806 | can be used to impose random perturbations on this combined surface |
---|
12807 | heat |
---|
12808 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span>. |
---|
12809 | </p> |
---|
12810 | |
---|
12811 | |
---|
12812 | |
---|
12813 | |
---|
12814 | |
---|
12815 | |
---|
12816 | |
---|
12817 | |
---|
12818 | |
---|
12819 | |
---|
12820 | |
---|
12821 | |
---|
12822 | |
---|
12823 | <p>If no surface heat flux is assigned, <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> is calculated |
---|
12824 | at each timestep by u<sub>*</sub> * theta<sub>*</sub> |
---|
12825 | (of course only with <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a> |
---|
12826 | switched on). Here, u<sub>*</sub> |
---|
12827 | and theta<sub>*</sub> are calculated from the Prandtl law |
---|
12828 | assuming |
---|
12829 | logarithmic wind and temperature |
---|
12830 | profiles between k=0 and k=1. In this case a Dirichlet condition (see <a href="#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a>) |
---|
12831 | must be used as bottom boundary condition for the potential temperature.</p> |
---|
12832 | |
---|
12833 | |
---|
12834 | |
---|
12835 | |
---|
12836 | |
---|
12837 | |
---|
12838 | |
---|
12839 | |
---|
12840 | |
---|
12841 | |
---|
12842 | |
---|
12843 | |
---|
12844 | <p>See |
---|
12845 | also <a href="#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>.</p> |
---|
12846 | |
---|
12847 | |
---|
12848 | |
---|
12849 | |
---|
12850 | |
---|
12851 | |
---|
12852 | |
---|
12853 | </td> |
---|
12854 | |
---|
12855 | |
---|
12856 | |
---|
12857 | |
---|
12858 | |
---|
12859 | |
---|
12860 | </tr> |
---|
12861 | |
---|
12862 | |
---|
12863 | |
---|
12864 | |
---|
12865 | |
---|
12866 | |
---|
12867 | <tr> |
---|
12868 | |
---|
12869 | |
---|
12870 | |
---|
12871 | |
---|
12872 | |
---|
12873 | |
---|
12874 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
12875 | |
---|
12876 | |
---|
12877 | |
---|
12878 | |
---|
12879 | |
---|
12880 | |
---|
12881 | <p><a name="surface_pressure"></a><b>surface_pressure</b></p> |
---|
12882 | |
---|
12883 | |
---|
12884 | |
---|
12885 | |
---|
12886 | |
---|
12887 | |
---|
12888 | |
---|
12889 | </td> |
---|
12890 | |
---|
12891 | |
---|
12892 | |
---|
12893 | |
---|
12894 | |
---|
12895 | |
---|
12896 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
12897 | |
---|
12898 | |
---|
12899 | |
---|
12900 | |
---|
12901 | |
---|
12902 | |
---|
12903 | |
---|
12904 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>1013.25</i></td> |
---|
12905 | |
---|
12906 | |
---|
12907 | |
---|
12908 | |
---|
12909 | |
---|
12910 | |
---|
12911 | |
---|
12912 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
12913 | |
---|
12914 | |
---|
12915 | |
---|
12916 | |
---|
12917 | |
---|
12918 | |
---|
12919 | <p>Atmospheric |
---|
12920 | pressure at the surface (in hPa). </p> |
---|
12921 | |
---|
12922 | |
---|
12923 | |
---|
12924 | |
---|
12925 | |
---|
12926 | |
---|
12927 | |
---|
12928 | Starting from this surface value, the vertical pressure |
---|
12929 | profile is calculated once at the beginning of the run assuming a |
---|
12930 | neutrally stratified |
---|
12931 | atmosphere. This is needed for |
---|
12932 | converting between the liquid water potential temperature and the |
---|
12933 | potential temperature (see <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics</a><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span>).</td> |
---|
12934 | |
---|
12935 | |
---|
12936 | |
---|
12937 | |
---|
12938 | |
---|
12939 | |
---|
12940 | |
---|
12941 | </tr> |
---|
12942 | |
---|
12943 | |
---|
12944 | |
---|
12945 | |
---|
12946 | |
---|
12947 | |
---|
12948 | <tr> |
---|
12949 | |
---|
12950 | |
---|
12951 | |
---|
12952 | |
---|
12953 | |
---|
12954 | |
---|
12955 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
12956 | |
---|
12957 | |
---|
12958 | |
---|
12959 | |
---|
12960 | |
---|
12961 | |
---|
12962 | <p><a name="surface_scalarflux"></a><b>surface_scalarflux</b></p> |
---|
12963 | |
---|
12964 | |
---|
12965 | |
---|
12966 | |
---|
12967 | |
---|
12968 | |
---|
12969 | |
---|
12970 | </td> |
---|
12971 | |
---|
12972 | |
---|
12973 | |
---|
12974 | |
---|
12975 | |
---|
12976 | |
---|
12977 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
12978 | |
---|
12979 | |
---|
12980 | |
---|
12981 | |
---|
12982 | |
---|
12983 | |
---|
12984 | |
---|
12985 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
12986 | |
---|
12987 | |
---|
12988 | |
---|
12989 | |
---|
12990 | |
---|
12991 | |
---|
12992 | |
---|
12993 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
12994 | |
---|
12995 | |
---|
12996 | |
---|
12997 | |
---|
12998 | |
---|
12999 | |
---|
13000 | <p>Scalar flux at |
---|
13001 | the surface (in kg/(m<sup>2</sup> s)). </p> |
---|
13002 | |
---|
13003 | |
---|
13004 | |
---|
13005 | |
---|
13006 | |
---|
13007 | |
---|
13008 | |
---|
13009 | |
---|
13010 | |
---|
13011 | |
---|
13012 | |
---|
13013 | |
---|
13014 | |
---|
13015 | <p>If a non-zero value is assigned to this parameter, the |
---|
13016 | respective scalar flux value is used |
---|
13017 | as bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the scalar |
---|
13018 | concentration equation. This additionally requires that a |
---|
13019 | Neumann |
---|
13020 | condition must be used for the scalar concentration (see <a href="#bc_s_b">bc_s_b</a>), |
---|
13021 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
13022 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed. Also, |
---|
13023 | changes of the |
---|
13024 | surface scalar concentration (see <a href="#s_surface_initial_change">s_surface_initial_change</a>) |
---|
13025 | are not allowed. <br> |
---|
13026 | |
---|
13027 | |
---|
13028 | |
---|
13029 | |
---|
13030 | |
---|
13031 | |
---|
13032 | </p> |
---|
13033 | |
---|
13034 | |
---|
13035 | |
---|
13036 | |
---|
13037 | |
---|
13038 | |
---|
13039 | |
---|
13040 | |
---|
13041 | |
---|
13042 | |
---|
13043 | |
---|
13044 | |
---|
13045 | |
---|
13046 | <p>If no surface scalar |
---|
13047 | flux is assigned (<b>surface_scalarflux</b> |
---|
13048 | = <i>0.0</i>), |
---|
13049 | it is calculated at each timestep by u<sub>*</sub> * s<sub>*</sub> |
---|
13050 | (of course only with Prandtl layer switched on). Here, s<sub>*</sub> |
---|
13051 | is calculated from the Prandtl law assuming a logarithmic scalar |
---|
13052 | concentration |
---|
13053 | profile between k=0 and k=1. In this case a Dirichlet condition (see <a href="#bc_s_b">bc_s_b</a>) |
---|
13054 | must be used as bottom boundary condition for the scalar concentration.</p> |
---|
13055 | |
---|
13056 | |
---|
13057 | |
---|
13058 | |
---|
13059 | |
---|
13060 | |
---|
13061 | |
---|
13062 | </td> |
---|
13063 | |
---|
13064 | |
---|
13065 | |
---|
13066 | |
---|
13067 | |
---|
13068 | |
---|
13069 | </tr> |
---|
13070 | |
---|
13071 | |
---|
13072 | |
---|
13073 | |
---|
13074 | |
---|
13075 | |
---|
13076 | <tr> |
---|
13077 | |
---|
13078 | |
---|
13079 | |
---|
13080 | |
---|
13081 | |
---|
13082 | |
---|
13083 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13084 | |
---|
13085 | |
---|
13086 | |
---|
13087 | |
---|
13088 | |
---|
13089 | |
---|
13090 | <p><a name="surface_waterflux"></a><b>surface_waterflux</b></p> |
---|
13091 | |
---|
13092 | |
---|
13093 | |
---|
13094 | |
---|
13095 | |
---|
13096 | |
---|
13097 | |
---|
13098 | </td> |
---|
13099 | |
---|
13100 | |
---|
13101 | |
---|
13102 | |
---|
13103 | |
---|
13104 | |
---|
13105 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
13106 | |
---|
13107 | |
---|
13108 | |
---|
13109 | |
---|
13110 | |
---|
13111 | |
---|
13112 | |
---|
13113 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
13114 | |
---|
13115 | |
---|
13116 | |
---|
13117 | |
---|
13118 | |
---|
13119 | |
---|
13120 | |
---|
13121 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13122 | |
---|
13123 | |
---|
13124 | |
---|
13125 | |
---|
13126 | |
---|
13127 | |
---|
13128 | <p>Kinematic |
---|
13129 | water flux near the surface (in m/s). </p> |
---|
13130 | |
---|
13131 | |
---|
13132 | |
---|
13133 | |
---|
13134 | |
---|
13135 | |
---|
13136 | |
---|
13137 | |
---|
13138 | |
---|
13139 | |
---|
13140 | |
---|
13141 | |
---|
13142 | |
---|
13143 | <p>If |
---|
13144 | a non-zero value is assigned to this parameter, the |
---|
13145 | respective water flux value is used |
---|
13146 | as bottom (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the |
---|
13147 | humidity equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
---|
13148 | condition must be used for the specific humidity / total water content |
---|
13149 | (see <a href="#bc_q_b">bc_q_b</a>), |
---|
13150 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
13151 | the surface flux so that a constant value cannot be guaranteed. Also, |
---|
13152 | changes of the |
---|
13153 | surface humidity (see <a href="#q_surface_initial_change">q_surface_initial_change</a>) |
---|
13154 | are not allowed.<br> |
---|
13155 | |
---|
13156 | |
---|
13157 | |
---|
13158 | |
---|
13159 | |
---|
13160 | |
---|
13161 | </p> |
---|
13162 | |
---|
13163 | |
---|
13164 | |
---|
13165 | |
---|
13166 | |
---|
13167 | |
---|
13168 | |
---|
13169 | |
---|
13170 | |
---|
13171 | |
---|
13172 | |
---|
13173 | |
---|
13174 | |
---|
13175 | <p>If no surface water |
---|
13176 | flux is assigned (<b>surface_waterflux</b> |
---|
13177 | = <i>0.0</i>), |
---|
13178 | it is calculated at each timestep by u<sub>*</sub> * q<sub>*</sub> |
---|
13179 | (of course only with Prandtl layer switched on). Here, q<sub>*</sub> |
---|
13180 | is calculated from the Prandtl law assuming a logarithmic temperature |
---|
13181 | profile between k=0 and k=1. In this case a Dirichlet condition (see <a href="#bc_q_b">bc_q_b</a>) |
---|
13182 | must be used as the bottom boundary condition for the humidity.</p> |
---|
13183 | |
---|
13184 | |
---|
13185 | |
---|
13186 | |
---|
13187 | |
---|
13188 | |
---|
13189 | |
---|
13190 | </td> |
---|
13191 | |
---|
13192 | |
---|
13193 | |
---|
13194 | |
---|
13195 | |
---|
13196 | |
---|
13197 | </tr> |
---|
13198 | |
---|
13199 | |
---|
13200 | |
---|
13201 | |
---|
13202 | |
---|
13203 | |
---|
13204 | <tr> |
---|
13205 | |
---|
13206 | |
---|
13207 | |
---|
13208 | |
---|
13209 | |
---|
13210 | |
---|
13211 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13212 | |
---|
13213 | |
---|
13214 | |
---|
13215 | |
---|
13216 | |
---|
13217 | |
---|
13218 | <p><a name="s_surface"></a><b>s_surface</b></p> |
---|
13219 | |
---|
13220 | |
---|
13221 | |
---|
13222 | |
---|
13223 | |
---|
13224 | |
---|
13225 | |
---|
13226 | </td> |
---|
13227 | |
---|
13228 | |
---|
13229 | |
---|
13230 | |
---|
13231 | |
---|
13232 | |
---|
13233 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
13234 | |
---|
13235 | |
---|
13236 | |
---|
13237 | |
---|
13238 | |
---|
13239 | |
---|
13240 | |
---|
13241 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
13242 | |
---|
13243 | |
---|
13244 | |
---|
13245 | |
---|
13246 | |
---|
13247 | |
---|
13248 | |
---|
13249 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13250 | |
---|
13251 | |
---|
13252 | |
---|
13253 | |
---|
13254 | |
---|
13255 | |
---|
13256 | <p>Surface value |
---|
13257 | of the passive scalar (in kg/m<sup>3</sup>). <br> |
---|
13258 | |
---|
13259 | |
---|
13260 | |
---|
13261 | |
---|
13262 | |
---|
13263 | |
---|
13264 | |
---|
13265 | </p> |
---|
13266 | |
---|
13267 | |
---|
13268 | |
---|
13269 | |
---|
13270 | |
---|
13271 | |
---|
13272 | |
---|
13273 | This parameter assigns the value of the passive scalar s at |
---|
13274 | the surface (k=0)<b>.</b> Starting from this value, the |
---|
13275 | initial vertical scalar concentration profile is constructed with<a href="#s_vertical_gradient"> |
---|
13276 | s_vertical_gradient</a> and <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>.</td> |
---|
13277 | |
---|
13278 | |
---|
13279 | |
---|
13280 | |
---|
13281 | |
---|
13282 | |
---|
13283 | |
---|
13284 | </tr> |
---|
13285 | |
---|
13286 | |
---|
13287 | |
---|
13288 | |
---|
13289 | |
---|
13290 | |
---|
13291 | <tr> |
---|
13292 | |
---|
13293 | |
---|
13294 | |
---|
13295 | |
---|
13296 | |
---|
13297 | |
---|
13298 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13299 | |
---|
13300 | |
---|
13301 | |
---|
13302 | |
---|
13303 | |
---|
13304 | |
---|
13305 | <p><a name="s_surface_initial_change"></a><b>s_surface_initial</b> |
---|
13306 | <br> |
---|
13307 | |
---|
13308 | |
---|
13309 | |
---|
13310 | |
---|
13311 | |
---|
13312 | |
---|
13313 | <b>_change</b></p> |
---|
13314 | |
---|
13315 | |
---|
13316 | |
---|
13317 | |
---|
13318 | |
---|
13319 | |
---|
13320 | </td> |
---|
13321 | |
---|
13322 | |
---|
13323 | |
---|
13324 | |
---|
13325 | |
---|
13326 | |
---|
13327 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
13328 | |
---|
13329 | |
---|
13330 | |
---|
13331 | |
---|
13332 | |
---|
13333 | |
---|
13334 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
13335 | |
---|
13336 | |
---|
13337 | |
---|
13338 | |
---|
13339 | |
---|
13340 | |
---|
13341 | |
---|
13342 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13343 | |
---|
13344 | |
---|
13345 | |
---|
13346 | |
---|
13347 | |
---|
13348 | |
---|
13349 | <p>Change in |
---|
13350 | surface scalar concentration to be made at the |
---|
13351 | beginning of the 3d run (in kg/m<sup>3</sup>). </p> |
---|
13352 | |
---|
13353 | |
---|
13354 | |
---|
13355 | |
---|
13356 | |
---|
13357 | |
---|
13358 | |
---|
13359 | |
---|
13360 | |
---|
13361 | |
---|
13362 | |
---|
13363 | |
---|
13364 | |
---|
13365 | <p>If <b>s_surface_initial_change</b><i> </i>is |
---|
13366 | set to a |
---|
13367 | non-zero |
---|
13368 | value, the near surface scalar flux is not allowed to be given |
---|
13369 | simultaneously (see <a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>).</p> |
---|
13370 | |
---|
13371 | |
---|
13372 | |
---|
13373 | |
---|
13374 | |
---|
13375 | |
---|
13376 | |
---|
13377 | </td> |
---|
13378 | |
---|
13379 | |
---|
13380 | |
---|
13381 | |
---|
13382 | |
---|
13383 | |
---|
13384 | </tr> |
---|
13385 | |
---|
13386 | |
---|
13387 | |
---|
13388 | |
---|
13389 | |
---|
13390 | |
---|
13391 | <tr> |
---|
13392 | |
---|
13393 | |
---|
13394 | |
---|
13395 | |
---|
13396 | |
---|
13397 | |
---|
13398 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13399 | |
---|
13400 | |
---|
13401 | |
---|
13402 | |
---|
13403 | |
---|
13404 | |
---|
13405 | <p><a name="s_vertical_gradient"></a><b>s_vertical_gradient</b></p> |
---|
13406 | |
---|
13407 | |
---|
13408 | |
---|
13409 | |
---|
13410 | |
---|
13411 | |
---|
13412 | |
---|
13413 | </td> |
---|
13414 | |
---|
13415 | |
---|
13416 | |
---|
13417 | |
---|
13418 | |
---|
13419 | |
---|
13420 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
13421 | |
---|
13422 | |
---|
13423 | |
---|
13424 | |
---|
13425 | |
---|
13426 | |
---|
13427 | |
---|
13428 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0</i><i>.0</i></td> |
---|
13429 | |
---|
13430 | |
---|
13431 | |
---|
13432 | |
---|
13433 | |
---|
13434 | |
---|
13435 | |
---|
13436 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13437 | |
---|
13438 | |
---|
13439 | |
---|
13440 | |
---|
13441 | |
---|
13442 | |
---|
13443 | <p>Scalar |
---|
13444 | concentration gradient(s) of the initial scalar |
---|
13445 | concentration profile (in kg/m<sup>3 </sup>/ |
---|
13446 | 100 m). </p> |
---|
13447 | |
---|
13448 | |
---|
13449 | |
---|
13450 | |
---|
13451 | |
---|
13452 | |
---|
13453 | |
---|
13454 | |
---|
13455 | |
---|
13456 | |
---|
13457 | |
---|
13458 | |
---|
13459 | |
---|
13460 | <p>The scalar gradient holds |
---|
13461 | starting from the height level |
---|
13462 | defined by <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level |
---|
13463 | </a>(precisely: for all uv levels k, where zu(k) > |
---|
13464 | s_vertical_gradient_level, s_init(k) is set: s_init(k) = s_init(k-1) + |
---|
13465 | dzu(k) * <b>s_vertical_gradient</b>) up to the top |
---|
13466 | boundary or up to |
---|
13467 | the next height level defined by <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
13468 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
---|
13469 | if <a href="#s_vertical_gradient_level">s_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
---|
13470 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. The surface scalar value is |
---|
13471 | assigned |
---|
13472 | via <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>.<br> |
---|
13473 | |
---|
13474 | |
---|
13475 | |
---|
13476 | |
---|
13477 | |
---|
13478 | |
---|
13479 | </p> |
---|
13480 | |
---|
13481 | |
---|
13482 | |
---|
13483 | |
---|
13484 | |
---|
13485 | |
---|
13486 | |
---|
13487 | |
---|
13488 | |
---|
13489 | |
---|
13490 | |
---|
13491 | |
---|
13492 | |
---|
13493 | <p>Example: </p> |
---|
13494 | |
---|
13495 | |
---|
13496 | |
---|
13497 | |
---|
13498 | |
---|
13499 | |
---|
13500 | |
---|
13501 | |
---|
13502 | |
---|
13503 | |
---|
13504 | |
---|
13505 | |
---|
13506 | |
---|
13507 | <ul> |
---|
13508 | |
---|
13509 | |
---|
13510 | |
---|
13511 | |
---|
13512 | |
---|
13513 | |
---|
13514 | |
---|
13515 | |
---|
13516 | |
---|
13517 | |
---|
13518 | |
---|
13519 | |
---|
13520 | |
---|
13521 | <p><b>s_vertical_gradient</b> |
---|
13522 | = <i>0.1</i>, <i>0.05</i>, <br> |
---|
13523 | |
---|
13524 | |
---|
13525 | |
---|
13526 | |
---|
13527 | |
---|
13528 | |
---|
13529 | |
---|
13530 | <b>s_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>500.0</i>, |
---|
13531 | <i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
---|
13532 | |
---|
13533 | |
---|
13534 | |
---|
13535 | |
---|
13536 | |
---|
13537 | |
---|
13538 | |
---|
13539 | |
---|
13540 | |
---|
13541 | |
---|
13542 | |
---|
13543 | |
---|
13544 | |
---|
13545 | </ul> |
---|
13546 | |
---|
13547 | |
---|
13548 | |
---|
13549 | |
---|
13550 | |
---|
13551 | |
---|
13552 | |
---|
13553 | |
---|
13554 | |
---|
13555 | |
---|
13556 | |
---|
13557 | |
---|
13558 | |
---|
13559 | <p>That |
---|
13560 | defines the scalar concentration to be constant with |
---|
13561 | height up to z = 500.0 m with a value given by <a href="#s_surface">s_surface</a>. |
---|
13562 | For 500.0 m < z <= 1000.0 m the scalar gradient is 0.1 |
---|
13563 | kg/m<sup>3 </sup>/ 100 m and for z > 1000.0 m up to |
---|
13564 | the top |
---|
13565 | boundary it is 0.05 kg/m<sup>3 </sup>/ 100 m (it is |
---|
13566 | assumed that the |
---|
13567 | assigned height levels |
---|
13568 | correspond with uv |
---|
13569 | levels).</p> |
---|
13570 | |
---|
13571 | |
---|
13572 | |
---|
13573 | |
---|
13574 | |
---|
13575 | |
---|
13576 | </td> |
---|
13577 | |
---|
13578 | |
---|
13579 | |
---|
13580 | |
---|
13581 | |
---|
13582 | |
---|
13583 | </tr> |
---|
13584 | |
---|
13585 | |
---|
13586 | |
---|
13587 | |
---|
13588 | |
---|
13589 | |
---|
13590 | <tr> |
---|
13591 | |
---|
13592 | |
---|
13593 | |
---|
13594 | |
---|
13595 | |
---|
13596 | |
---|
13597 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13598 | |
---|
13599 | |
---|
13600 | |
---|
13601 | |
---|
13602 | |
---|
13603 | |
---|
13604 | <p><a name="s_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>s_vertical_gradient_</b> |
---|
13605 | <br> |
---|
13606 | |
---|
13607 | |
---|
13608 | |
---|
13609 | |
---|
13610 | |
---|
13611 | |
---|
13612 | <b>level</b></p> |
---|
13613 | |
---|
13614 | |
---|
13615 | |
---|
13616 | |
---|
13617 | |
---|
13618 | |
---|
13619 | </td> |
---|
13620 | |
---|
13621 | |
---|
13622 | |
---|
13623 | |
---|
13624 | |
---|
13625 | |
---|
13626 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
13627 | |
---|
13628 | |
---|
13629 | |
---|
13630 | |
---|
13631 | |
---|
13632 | |
---|
13633 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13634 | |
---|
13635 | |
---|
13636 | |
---|
13637 | |
---|
13638 | |
---|
13639 | |
---|
13640 | <p><i>10 *</i> |
---|
13641 | <i>0.0</i></p> |
---|
13642 | |
---|
13643 | |
---|
13644 | |
---|
13645 | |
---|
13646 | |
---|
13647 | |
---|
13648 | </td> |
---|
13649 | |
---|
13650 | |
---|
13651 | |
---|
13652 | |
---|
13653 | |
---|
13654 | |
---|
13655 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13656 | |
---|
13657 | |
---|
13658 | |
---|
13659 | |
---|
13660 | |
---|
13661 | |
---|
13662 | <p>Height level from |
---|
13663 | which on the scalar gradient defined by <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
13664 | is effective (in m). </p> |
---|
13665 | |
---|
13666 | |
---|
13667 | |
---|
13668 | |
---|
13669 | |
---|
13670 | |
---|
13671 | |
---|
13672 | |
---|
13673 | |
---|
13674 | |
---|
13675 | |
---|
13676 | |
---|
13677 | |
---|
13678 | <p>The height levels |
---|
13679 | are to be assigned in ascending order. The |
---|
13680 | default values result in a scalar concentration constant with height |
---|
13681 | regardless of the values of <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
13682 | (unless the top boundary of the model is higher than 100000.0 m). For |
---|
13683 | the |
---|
13684 | piecewise construction of scalar concentration profiles see <a href="#s_vertical_gradient">s_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
---|
13685 | |
---|
13686 | |
---|
13687 | |
---|
13688 | |
---|
13689 | |
---|
13690 | |
---|
13691 | |
---|
13692 | </td> |
---|
13693 | |
---|
13694 | |
---|
13695 | |
---|
13696 | |
---|
13697 | |
---|
13698 | |
---|
13699 | </tr> |
---|
13700 | |
---|
13701 | |
---|
13702 | |
---|
13703 | |
---|
13704 | |
---|
13705 | |
---|
13706 | <tr> |
---|
13707 | |
---|
13708 | |
---|
13709 | |
---|
13710 | |
---|
13711 | |
---|
13712 | |
---|
13713 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13714 | |
---|
13715 | |
---|
13716 | |
---|
13717 | |
---|
13718 | |
---|
13719 | |
---|
13720 | <p><a name="timestep_scheme"></a><b>timestep_scheme</b></p> |
---|
13721 | |
---|
13722 | |
---|
13723 | |
---|
13724 | |
---|
13725 | |
---|
13726 | |
---|
13727 | |
---|
13728 | </td> |
---|
13729 | |
---|
13730 | |
---|
13731 | |
---|
13732 | |
---|
13733 | |
---|
13734 | |
---|
13735 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 20</td> |
---|
13736 | |
---|
13737 | |
---|
13738 | |
---|
13739 | |
---|
13740 | |
---|
13741 | |
---|
13742 | |
---|
13743 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13744 | |
---|
13745 | |
---|
13746 | |
---|
13747 | |
---|
13748 | |
---|
13749 | |
---|
13750 | <p><i>'runge</i><br> |
---|
13751 | |
---|
13752 | |
---|
13753 | |
---|
13754 | |
---|
13755 | |
---|
13756 | |
---|
13757 | |
---|
13758 | <i>kutta-3'</i></p> |
---|
13759 | |
---|
13760 | |
---|
13761 | |
---|
13762 | |
---|
13763 | |
---|
13764 | |
---|
13765 | </td> |
---|
13766 | |
---|
13767 | |
---|
13768 | |
---|
13769 | |
---|
13770 | |
---|
13771 | |
---|
13772 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
13773 | |
---|
13774 | |
---|
13775 | |
---|
13776 | |
---|
13777 | |
---|
13778 | |
---|
13779 | <p>Time step scheme to |
---|
13780 | be used for the integration of the prognostic |
---|
13781 | variables. </p> |
---|
13782 | |
---|
13783 | |
---|
13784 | |
---|
13785 | |
---|
13786 | |
---|
13787 | |
---|
13788 | |
---|
13789 | |
---|
13790 | |
---|
13791 | |
---|
13792 | |
---|
13793 | |
---|
13794 | |
---|
13795 | <p>The user can choose between |
---|
13796 | the following schemes:<br> |
---|
13797 | |
---|
13798 | |
---|
13799 | |
---|
13800 | |
---|
13801 | |
---|
13802 | |
---|
13803 | </p> |
---|
13804 | |
---|
13805 | |
---|
13806 | |
---|
13807 | |
---|
13808 | |
---|
13809 | |
---|
13810 | |
---|
13811 | |
---|
13812 | |
---|
13813 | |
---|
13814 | |
---|
13815 | |
---|
13816 | |
---|
13817 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'runge-kutta-3'</span><br> |
---|
13818 | |
---|
13819 | |
---|
13820 | |
---|
13821 | |
---|
13822 | |
---|
13823 | |
---|
13824 | |
---|
13825 | </p> |
---|
13826 | |
---|
13827 | |
---|
13828 | |
---|
13829 | |
---|
13830 | |
---|
13831 | |
---|
13832 | |
---|
13833 | |
---|
13834 | |
---|
13835 | |
---|
13836 | |
---|
13837 | |
---|
13838 | |
---|
13839 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Third order |
---|
13840 | Runge-Kutta scheme.<br> |
---|
13841 | |
---|
13842 | |
---|
13843 | |
---|
13844 | |
---|
13845 | |
---|
13846 | |
---|
13847 | |
---|
13848 | This scheme requires the use of <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
---|
13849 | = <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> |
---|
13850 | = '<i>pw-scheme'</i>. Please refer to the <a href="../tec/numerik.heiko/zeitschrittverfahren.pdf">documentation |
---|
13851 | on PALM's time integration schemes (28p., in German)</a> |
---|
13852 | fur further details.<br> |
---|
13853 | |
---|
13854 | |
---|
13855 | |
---|
13856 | |
---|
13857 | |
---|
13858 | |
---|
13859 | </div> |
---|
13860 | |
---|
13861 | |
---|
13862 | |
---|
13863 | |
---|
13864 | |
---|
13865 | |
---|
13866 | |
---|
13867 | |
---|
13868 | |
---|
13869 | |
---|
13870 | |
---|
13871 | |
---|
13872 | |
---|
13873 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'runge-kutta-2'</span><br> |
---|
13874 | |
---|
13875 | |
---|
13876 | |
---|
13877 | |
---|
13878 | |
---|
13879 | |
---|
13880 | |
---|
13881 | </p> |
---|
13882 | |
---|
13883 | |
---|
13884 | |
---|
13885 | |
---|
13886 | |
---|
13887 | |
---|
13888 | |
---|
13889 | |
---|
13890 | |
---|
13891 | |
---|
13892 | |
---|
13893 | |
---|
13894 | |
---|
13895 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Second order |
---|
13896 | Runge-Kutta scheme.<br> |
---|
13897 | |
---|
13898 | |
---|
13899 | |
---|
13900 | |
---|
13901 | |
---|
13902 | |
---|
13903 | |
---|
13904 | For special features see <b>timestep_scheme</b> = '<i>runge-kutta-3'</i>.<br> |
---|
13905 | |
---|
13906 | |
---|
13907 | |
---|
13908 | |
---|
13909 | |
---|
13910 | |
---|
13911 | |
---|
13912 | </div> |
---|
13913 | |
---|
13914 | |
---|
13915 | |
---|
13916 | |
---|
13917 | |
---|
13918 | |
---|
13919 | <br> |
---|
13920 | |
---|
13921 | |
---|
13922 | |
---|
13923 | |
---|
13924 | |
---|
13925 | |
---|
13926 | <span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span><br> |
---|
13927 | |
---|
13928 | |
---|
13929 | |
---|
13930 | |
---|
13931 | |
---|
13932 | |
---|
13933 | |
---|
13934 | <br> |
---|
13935 | |
---|
13936 | |
---|
13937 | |
---|
13938 | |
---|
13939 | |
---|
13940 | |
---|
13941 | </span> |
---|
13942 | |
---|
13943 | |
---|
13944 | |
---|
13945 | |
---|
13946 | |
---|
13947 | |
---|
13948 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Second |
---|
13949 | order leapfrog scheme.<br> |
---|
13950 | |
---|
13951 | |
---|
13952 | |
---|
13953 | |
---|
13954 | |
---|
13955 | |
---|
13956 | |
---|
13957 | Although this scheme requires a constant timestep (because it is |
---|
13958 | centered in time), is even applied in case of changes in |
---|
13959 | timestep. Therefore, only small |
---|
13960 | changes of the timestep are allowed (see <a href="#dt">dt</a>). |
---|
13961 | However, an Euler timestep is always used as the first timestep of an |
---|
13962 | initiali run. When using the Bott-Chlond scheme for scalar advection |
---|
13963 | (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>), |
---|
13964 | the prognostic equation for potential temperature will be calculated |
---|
13965 | with the Euler scheme, although the leapfrog scheme is switched |
---|
13966 | on. <br> |
---|
13967 | |
---|
13968 | |
---|
13969 | |
---|
13970 | |
---|
13971 | |
---|
13972 | |
---|
13973 | |
---|
13974 | The leapfrog scheme must not be used together with the upstream-spline |
---|
13975 | scheme for calculating the advection (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> |
---|
13976 | = '<i>ups-scheme'</i> and <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
---|
13977 | = '<i>ups-scheme'</i>).<br> |
---|
13978 | |
---|
13979 | |
---|
13980 | |
---|
13981 | |
---|
13982 | |
---|
13983 | |
---|
13984 | </div> |
---|
13985 | |
---|
13986 | |
---|
13987 | |
---|
13988 | |
---|
13989 | |
---|
13990 | |
---|
13991 | <br> |
---|
13992 | |
---|
13993 | |
---|
13994 | |
---|
13995 | |
---|
13996 | |
---|
13997 | |
---|
13998 | |
---|
13999 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;">leapfrog+euler'</span><br> |
---|
14000 | |
---|
14001 | |
---|
14002 | |
---|
14003 | |
---|
14004 | |
---|
14005 | |
---|
14006 | |
---|
14007 | <br> |
---|
14008 | |
---|
14009 | |
---|
14010 | |
---|
14011 | |
---|
14012 | |
---|
14013 | |
---|
14014 | </span> |
---|
14015 | |
---|
14016 | |
---|
14017 | |
---|
14018 | |
---|
14019 | |
---|
14020 | |
---|
14021 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">The |
---|
14022 | leapfrog scheme is used, but |
---|
14023 | after each change of a timestep an Euler timestep is carried out. |
---|
14024 | Although this method is theoretically correct (because the pure |
---|
14025 | leapfrog method does not allow timestep changes), the divergence of the |
---|
14026 | velocity field (after applying the pressure solver) may be |
---|
14027 | significantly larger than with <span style="font-style: italic;">'leapfrog'</span>.<br> |
---|
14028 | |
---|
14029 | |
---|
14030 | |
---|
14031 | |
---|
14032 | |
---|
14033 | |
---|
14034 | |
---|
14035 | </div> |
---|
14036 | |
---|
14037 | |
---|
14038 | |
---|
14039 | |
---|
14040 | |
---|
14041 | |
---|
14042 | <br> |
---|
14043 | |
---|
14044 | |
---|
14045 | |
---|
14046 | |
---|
14047 | |
---|
14048 | |
---|
14049 | <span style="font-style: italic;">'euler'</span><br> |
---|
14050 | |
---|
14051 | |
---|
14052 | |
---|
14053 | |
---|
14054 | |
---|
14055 | |
---|
14056 | |
---|
14057 | <br> |
---|
14058 | |
---|
14059 | |
---|
14060 | |
---|
14061 | |
---|
14062 | |
---|
14063 | |
---|
14064 | |
---|
14065 | |
---|
14066 | |
---|
14067 | |
---|
14068 | |
---|
14069 | |
---|
14070 | |
---|
14071 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">First order |
---|
14072 | Euler scheme. <br> |
---|
14073 | |
---|
14074 | |
---|
14075 | |
---|
14076 | |
---|
14077 | |
---|
14078 | |
---|
14079 | |
---|
14080 | The Euler scheme must be used when treating the advection terms with |
---|
14081 | the upstream-spline scheme (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> |
---|
14082 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span> |
---|
14083 | and <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
---|
14084 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">'ups-scheme'</span>).</div> |
---|
14085 | |
---|
14086 | |
---|
14087 | |
---|
14088 | |
---|
14089 | |
---|
14090 | |
---|
14091 | |
---|
14092 | <br> |
---|
14093 | |
---|
14094 | |
---|
14095 | |
---|
14096 | |
---|
14097 | |
---|
14098 | |
---|
14099 | <br> |
---|
14100 | |
---|
14101 | |
---|
14102 | |
---|
14103 | |
---|
14104 | |
---|
14105 | |
---|
14106 | A differing timestep scheme can be choosed for the |
---|
14107 | subgrid-scale TKE using parameter <a href="#use_upstream_for_tke">use_upstream_for_tke</a>.<br> |
---|
14108 | |
---|
14109 | |
---|
14110 | |
---|
14111 | |
---|
14112 | |
---|
14113 | |
---|
14114 | |
---|
14115 | </td> |
---|
14116 | |
---|
14117 | |
---|
14118 | |
---|
14119 | |
---|
14120 | |
---|
14121 | |
---|
14122 | </tr> |
---|
14123 | |
---|
14124 | |
---|
14125 | |
---|
14126 | |
---|
14127 | |
---|
14128 | |
---|
14129 | <tr> |
---|
14130 | |
---|
14131 | |
---|
14132 | |
---|
14133 | |
---|
14134 | |
---|
14135 | |
---|
14136 | <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="topography"></a></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span></td> |
---|
14137 | |
---|
14138 | |
---|
14139 | |
---|
14140 | |
---|
14141 | |
---|
14142 | |
---|
14143 | |
---|
14144 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">C * 40</td> |
---|
14145 | |
---|
14146 | |
---|
14147 | |
---|
14148 | |
---|
14149 | |
---|
14150 | |
---|
14151 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span></td> |
---|
14152 | |
---|
14153 | |
---|
14154 | |
---|
14155 | |
---|
14156 | |
---|
14157 | |
---|
14158 | <td> |
---|
14159 | |
---|
14160 | |
---|
14161 | |
---|
14162 | |
---|
14163 | |
---|
14164 | |
---|
14165 | <p>Topography mode. </p> |
---|
14166 | |
---|
14167 | |
---|
14168 | |
---|
14169 | |
---|
14170 | |
---|
14171 | |
---|
14172 | |
---|
14173 | |
---|
14174 | |
---|
14175 | |
---|
14176 | |
---|
14177 | |
---|
14178 | |
---|
14179 | <p>The user can |
---|
14180 | choose between the following modes:<br> |
---|
14181 | |
---|
14182 | |
---|
14183 | |
---|
14184 | |
---|
14185 | |
---|
14186 | |
---|
14187 | </p> |
---|
14188 | |
---|
14189 | |
---|
14190 | |
---|
14191 | |
---|
14192 | |
---|
14193 | |
---|
14194 | |
---|
14195 | |
---|
14196 | |
---|
14197 | |
---|
14198 | |
---|
14199 | |
---|
14200 | |
---|
14201 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span><br> |
---|
14202 | |
---|
14203 | |
---|
14204 | |
---|
14205 | |
---|
14206 | |
---|
14207 | |
---|
14208 | </p> |
---|
14209 | |
---|
14210 | |
---|
14211 | |
---|
14212 | |
---|
14213 | |
---|
14214 | |
---|
14215 | |
---|
14216 | |
---|
14217 | |
---|
14218 | |
---|
14219 | |
---|
14220 | |
---|
14221 | |
---|
14222 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flat surface.</div> |
---|
14223 | |
---|
14224 | |
---|
14225 | |
---|
14226 | |
---|
14227 | |
---|
14228 | |
---|
14229 | |
---|
14230 | |
---|
14231 | |
---|
14232 | |
---|
14233 | |
---|
14234 | |
---|
14235 | |
---|
14236 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span><br> |
---|
14237 | |
---|
14238 | |
---|
14239 | |
---|
14240 | |
---|
14241 | |
---|
14242 | |
---|
14243 | |
---|
14244 | </p> |
---|
14245 | |
---|
14246 | |
---|
14247 | |
---|
14248 | |
---|
14249 | |
---|
14250 | |
---|
14251 | |
---|
14252 | |
---|
14253 | |
---|
14254 | |
---|
14255 | |
---|
14256 | |
---|
14257 | |
---|
14258 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flow |
---|
14259 | around a single rectangular building mounted on a flat surface.<br> |
---|
14260 | |
---|
14261 | |
---|
14262 | |
---|
14263 | |
---|
14264 | |
---|
14265 | |
---|
14266 | |
---|
14267 | The building size and location can be specified by the parameters <a href="#building_height">building_height</a>, <a href="#building_length_x">building_length_x</a>, <a href="#building_length_y">building_length_y</a>, <a href="#building_wall_left">building_wall_left</a> and <a href="#building_wall_south">building_wall_south</a>.<font color="#000000"><br></font></div> |
---|
14268 | |
---|
14269 | |
---|
14270 | |
---|
14271 | |
---|
14272 | |
---|
14273 | |
---|
14274 | |
---|
14275 | <span style="font-style: italic;"></span> |
---|
14276 | |
---|
14277 | |
---|
14278 | |
---|
14279 | |
---|
14280 | |
---|
14281 | |
---|
14282 | <p><span style="font-style: italic;">'single_street_canyon'</span><br> |
---|
14283 | |
---|
14284 | |
---|
14285 | |
---|
14286 | |
---|
14287 | |
---|
14288 | |
---|
14289 | |
---|
14290 | </p> |
---|
14291 | |
---|
14292 | |
---|
14293 | |
---|
14294 | |
---|
14295 | |
---|
14296 | |
---|
14297 | |
---|
14298 | |
---|
14299 | |
---|
14300 | |
---|
14301 | |
---|
14302 | |
---|
14303 | |
---|
14304 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flow |
---|
14305 | over a single, quasi-2D street canyon of infinite length oriented either in x- or in y-direction.<br> |
---|
14306 | |
---|
14307 | |
---|
14308 | |
---|
14309 | |
---|
14310 | |
---|
14311 | |
---|
14312 | |
---|
14313 | The canyon size, orientation and location can be specified by the parameters <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_height">canyon_height</a> plus <span style="font-weight: bold;">either</span> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_x">canyon_width_x</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_wall_left">canyon_wall_left</a> <span style="font-weight: bold;">or</span> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_width_y">canyon_width_y</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#canyon_wall_south">canyon_wall_south</a>.<font color="#000000"><br></font></div> |
---|
14314 | |
---|
14315 | |
---|
14316 | |
---|
14317 | |
---|
14318 | |
---|
14319 | |
---|
14320 | |
---|
14321 | <span style="font-style: italic;"></span> <span style="font-style: italic;"></span><p><span style="font-style: italic;">'read_from_file'</span><br> |
---|
14322 | |
---|
14323 | |
---|
14324 | |
---|
14325 | |
---|
14326 | |
---|
14327 | |
---|
14328 | |
---|
14329 | </p> |
---|
14330 | |
---|
14331 | |
---|
14332 | |
---|
14333 | |
---|
14334 | |
---|
14335 | |
---|
14336 | |
---|
14337 | |
---|
14338 | |
---|
14339 | |
---|
14340 | |
---|
14341 | |
---|
14342 | |
---|
14343 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;">Flow around |
---|
14344 | arbitrary topography.<br> |
---|
14345 | |
---|
14346 | |
---|
14347 | |
---|
14348 | |
---|
14349 | |
---|
14350 | |
---|
14351 | |
---|
14352 | This mode requires the input file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#TOPOGRAPHY_DATA">TOPOGRAPHY_DATA</a><font color="#000000">. This file contains </font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">the </font></font><font color="#000000">arbitrary topography </font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">height |
---|
14353 | information</font></font><font color="#000000"> |
---|
14354 | in m. These data <span style="font-style: italic;"></span>must |
---|
14355 | exactly match the horizontal grid.<br></font> </div> |
---|
14356 | |
---|
14357 | |
---|
14358 | |
---|
14359 | |
---|
14360 | |
---|
14361 | |
---|
14362 | <span style="font-style: italic;"><br> |
---|
14363 | |
---|
14364 | |
---|
14365 | |
---|
14366 | |
---|
14367 | |
---|
14368 | |
---|
14369 | </span><font color="#000000"> |
---|
14370 | Alternatively, the user may add code to the user interface subroutine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_grid">user_init_grid</a> |
---|
14371 | to allow further topography modes. </font>These require to explicitly set the<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><a href="#topography_grid_convention">topography_grid_convention</a> to either <span style="font-style: italic;">'cell_edge'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'cell_center'</span>.<br> |
---|
14372 | |
---|
14373 | <font color="#000000"> |
---|
14374 | |
---|
14375 | |
---|
14376 | |
---|
14377 | |
---|
14378 | <br> |
---|
14379 | |
---|
14380 | |
---|
14381 | |
---|
14382 | |
---|
14383 | |
---|
14384 | |
---|
14385 | |
---|
14386 | Non-flat <span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span> |
---|
14387 | modes may assign a</font> |
---|
14388 | kinematic sensible<font color="#000000"> <a href="chapter_4.1.html#wall_heatflux">wall_heatflux</a> and a kinematic <a href="chapter_4.1.html#wall_humidityflux">wall_humidityflux</a> (requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#humidity">humidity</a> = .T.) or a <a href="chapter_4.1.html#wall_scalarflux">wall_scalarflux</a> (requires <a href="chapter_4.1.html#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a> = .T.) at the five topography faces.</font><br> |
---|
14389 | |
---|
14390 | <font color="#000000"> |
---|
14391 | |
---|
14392 | |
---|
14393 | |
---|
14394 | |
---|
14395 | <br> |
---|
14396 | |
---|
14397 | |
---|
14398 | |
---|
14399 | |
---|
14400 | |
---|
14401 | |
---|
14402 | |
---|
14403 | All non-flat <span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span> |
---|
14404 | modes </font>require the use of <a href="#momentum_advec">momentum_advec</a> |
---|
14405 | = <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> |
---|
14406 | = '<i>pw-scheme'</i>, <a href="chapter_4.2.html#psolver">psolver</a> |
---|
14407 | /= <i>'sor</i><i>'</i>, |
---|
14408 | <i> </i><a href="#alpha_surface">alpha_surface</a> |
---|
14409 | = 0.0,<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> <a style="" href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a> |
---|
14410 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>, <a href="#cloud_physics">cloud_physics </a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>, <a href="#cloud_droplets">cloud_droplets</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>, and <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a> = .T..<br> |
---|
14411 | |
---|
14412 | |
---|
14413 | |
---|
14414 | |
---|
14415 | |
---|
14416 | |
---|
14417 | |
---|
14418 | <font color="#000000"><br> |
---|
14419 | |
---|
14420 | |
---|
14421 | |
---|
14422 | |
---|
14423 | |
---|
14424 | |
---|
14425 | |
---|
14426 | Note that an inclined model domain requires the use of <span style="font-weight: bold;">topography</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'flat'</span> and a |
---|
14427 | nonzero </font><a href="#alpha_surface">alpha_surface</a>.</td> |
---|
14428 | |
---|
14429 | |
---|
14430 | |
---|
14431 | |
---|
14432 | |
---|
14433 | |
---|
14434 | |
---|
14435 | </tr> |
---|
14436 | |
---|
14437 | |
---|
14438 | |
---|
14439 | |
---|
14440 | |
---|
14441 | |
---|
14442 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="topography_grid_convention"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">topography_grid_</span><br style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">convention</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">C*11</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">default depends on value of <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a>; see text for details</span></td><td>Convention for defining the topography grid.<br><br>Possible values are<br><ul><li><span style="font-style: italic;">'cell_edge': </span>the distance between cell edges defines the extent of topography. This setting is normally for <span style="font-style: italic;">generic topographies</span>, i.e. topographies that are constructed using length parameters. For example, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span> is constructed using <a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_length_x">building_length_x</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#building_length_y">building_length_y</a>. |
---|
14443 | The advantage of this setting is that the actual size of generic |
---|
14444 | topography is independent of the grid size, provided that the length |
---|
14445 | parameters are an integer multiple of the grid lengths <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a>. This is convenient for resolution parameter studies.</li><li><span style="font-style: italic;">'cell_center'</span><span style="font-style: italic;">: </span>the number of topography cells define the extent of topography. This setting is normally for <span style="font-style: italic;">rastered real topographies</span> derived from digital elevation models. For example, <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'read_from_file'</span> is constructed using the input file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#TOPOGRAPHY_DATA">TOPOGRAPHY_DATA</a><font color="#000000">. </font>The |
---|
14446 | advantage of this setting is that the rastered topography cells of |
---|
14447 | the input file are directly mapped to topography grid boxes in PALM. <span style="font-style: italic;"></span></li></ul>The example files <big><code>example_topo_file</code></big> and <big><code>example_building</code></big> in <big><code>trunk/EXAMPLES/</code></big> |
---|
14448 | illustrate the difference between |
---|
14449 | both approaches. Both examples simulate a single building and yield the |
---|
14450 | same results. The former uses a rastered topography input file with <span style="font-style: italic;">'cell_center'</span> convention, the latter applies a generic topography with <span style="font-style: italic;">'cell_edge'</span> convention.<br><br>The default value is<br><ul><li><span style="font-style: italic;">'cell_edge' </span>if <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_building'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_street_canyon'</span>,</li><li><span style="font-style: italic;">'cell_center'</span><span style="font-style: italic;"></span> if <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'read_from_file'</span>,</li><li><span style="font-style: italic;">none (' '</span> ) otherwise, leading to an abort if <span style="font-weight: bold;">topography_grid_convention</span> is not set.</li></ul>This means that <br><ul><li>For PALM simulations using a <span style="font-style: italic;">user-defined topography</span>, the<span style="font-weight: bold;"> topography_grid_convention</span> must be explicitly set to either <span style="font-style: italic;">'cell_edge'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'cell_center'</span>.</li><li>For PALM simulations using a <span style="font-style: italic;">standard topography</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">('single_building'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'single_street_canyon'</span> or <span style="font-style: italic;">'read_from_file')</span>, it is possible but not required to set the <span style="font-weight: bold;">topography_grid_convention</span> because appropriate default values apply.</li></ul></td></tr><tr> |
---|
14451 | |
---|
14452 | |
---|
14453 | |
---|
14454 | |
---|
14455 | |
---|
14456 | |
---|
14457 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_heatflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_heatflux</span></td> |
---|
14458 | |
---|
14459 | |
---|
14460 | |
---|
14461 | |
---|
14462 | |
---|
14463 | |
---|
14464 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
14465 | |
---|
14466 | |
---|
14467 | |
---|
14468 | |
---|
14469 | |
---|
14470 | |
---|
14471 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br> |
---|
14472 | |
---|
14473 | |
---|
14474 | |
---|
14475 | |
---|
14476 | |
---|
14477 | |
---|
14478 | |
---|
14479 | heatflux</span></td> |
---|
14480 | |
---|
14481 | |
---|
14482 | |
---|
14483 | |
---|
14484 | |
---|
14485 | |
---|
14486 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
14487 | |
---|
14488 | |
---|
14489 | |
---|
14490 | |
---|
14491 | |
---|
14492 | |
---|
14493 | <p>Kinematic |
---|
14494 | sensible heat flux at the top boundary (in K m/s). </p> |
---|
14495 | |
---|
14496 | |
---|
14497 | |
---|
14498 | |
---|
14499 | |
---|
14500 | |
---|
14501 | |
---|
14502 | |
---|
14503 | |
---|
14504 | |
---|
14505 | |
---|
14506 | |
---|
14507 | |
---|
14508 | <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal |
---|
14509 | two-dimensional surface heat flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">tswst</span> is |
---|
14510 | initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_heatflux</span> as |
---|
14511 | top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the |
---|
14512 | temperature equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
---|
14513 | condition must be used for the potential temperature (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_pt_t">bc_pt_t</a>), |
---|
14514 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
14515 | the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> </p> |
---|
14516 | |
---|
14517 | |
---|
14518 | |
---|
14519 | |
---|
14520 | |
---|
14521 | |
---|
14522 | |
---|
14523 | |
---|
14524 | |
---|
14525 | |
---|
14526 | |
---|
14527 | |
---|
14528 | |
---|
14529 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
---|
14530 | |
---|
14531 | |
---|
14532 | |
---|
14533 | |
---|
14534 | |
---|
14535 | |
---|
14536 | The |
---|
14537 | application of a top heat flux additionally requires the setting of |
---|
14538 | initial parameter <a href="#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a> |
---|
14539 | = .T..<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> </p> |
---|
14540 | |
---|
14541 | |
---|
14542 | |
---|
14543 | |
---|
14544 | |
---|
14545 | |
---|
14546 | |
---|
14547 | |
---|
14548 | |
---|
14549 | |
---|
14550 | |
---|
14551 | |
---|
14552 | <p>No |
---|
14553 | Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p> |
---|
14554 | |
---|
14555 | |
---|
14556 | |
---|
14557 | |
---|
14558 | |
---|
14559 | |
---|
14560 | |
---|
14561 | |
---|
14562 | |
---|
14563 | |
---|
14564 | |
---|
14565 | |
---|
14566 | <p>See |
---|
14567 | also <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>.</p> |
---|
14568 | |
---|
14569 | |
---|
14570 | |
---|
14571 | |
---|
14572 | |
---|
14573 | |
---|
14574 | |
---|
14575 | </td> |
---|
14576 | |
---|
14577 | |
---|
14578 | |
---|
14579 | |
---|
14580 | |
---|
14581 | |
---|
14582 | </tr> |
---|
14583 | |
---|
14584 | |
---|
14585 | |
---|
14586 | |
---|
14587 | |
---|
14588 | |
---|
14589 | <tr> |
---|
14590 | |
---|
14591 | |
---|
14592 | |
---|
14593 | |
---|
14594 | |
---|
14595 | |
---|
14596 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_momentumflux_u"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span></td> |
---|
14597 | |
---|
14598 | |
---|
14599 | |
---|
14600 | |
---|
14601 | |
---|
14602 | |
---|
14603 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
14604 | |
---|
14605 | |
---|
14606 | |
---|
14607 | |
---|
14608 | |
---|
14609 | |
---|
14610 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed momentumflux</span></td> |
---|
14611 | |
---|
14612 | |
---|
14613 | |
---|
14614 | |
---|
14615 | |
---|
14616 | |
---|
14617 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Momentum flux along x at the top boundary (in m2/s2).<br> |
---|
14618 | |
---|
14619 | |
---|
14620 | |
---|
14621 | |
---|
14622 | |
---|
14623 | |
---|
14624 | |
---|
14625 | |
---|
14626 | |
---|
14627 | |
---|
14628 | |
---|
14629 | |
---|
14630 | <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal |
---|
14631 | two-dimensional u-momentum flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">uswst</span> is |
---|
14632 | initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span> as |
---|
14633 | top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the u-momentum equation.</p> |
---|
14634 | |
---|
14635 | |
---|
14636 | |
---|
14637 | |
---|
14638 | |
---|
14639 | |
---|
14640 | |
---|
14641 | |
---|
14642 | |
---|
14643 | |
---|
14644 | |
---|
14645 | |
---|
14646 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Notes:</span><br> |
---|
14647 | |
---|
14648 | |
---|
14649 | |
---|
14650 | |
---|
14651 | |
---|
14652 | |
---|
14653 | The |
---|
14654 | application of a top momentum flux additionally requires the setting of |
---|
14655 | initial parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a> |
---|
14656 | = .T.. Setting of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_u</span> requires setting of <a href="#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a> also.</p> |
---|
14657 | |
---|
14658 | |
---|
14659 | |
---|
14660 | |
---|
14661 | |
---|
14662 | |
---|
14663 | |
---|
14664 | |
---|
14665 | |
---|
14666 | |
---|
14667 | |
---|
14668 | |
---|
14669 | <p>A Neumann |
---|
14670 | condition should be used for the u velocity component (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>), |
---|
14671 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
14672 | the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> </p> |
---|
14673 | |
---|
14674 | |
---|
14675 | |
---|
14676 | |
---|
14677 | |
---|
14678 | |
---|
14679 | |
---|
14680 | <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> |
---|
14681 | |
---|
14682 | |
---|
14683 | |
---|
14684 | |
---|
14685 | |
---|
14686 | |
---|
14687 | <p>No |
---|
14688 | Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p> |
---|
14689 | |
---|
14690 | |
---|
14691 | |
---|
14692 | |
---|
14693 | |
---|
14694 | |
---|
14695 | |
---|
14696 | |
---|
14697 | |
---|
14698 | |
---|
14699 | |
---|
14700 | |
---|
14701 | <p> The <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean parameter file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a> should include dummy REAL value assignments to both <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a> (e.g. top_momentumflux_u = 0.0, top_momentumflux_v = 0.0) to enable the momentum flux coupling.</p> |
---|
14702 | |
---|
14703 | |
---|
14704 | |
---|
14705 | |
---|
14706 | |
---|
14707 | |
---|
14708 | </td> |
---|
14709 | |
---|
14710 | |
---|
14711 | |
---|
14712 | |
---|
14713 | |
---|
14714 | |
---|
14715 | </tr> |
---|
14716 | |
---|
14717 | |
---|
14718 | |
---|
14719 | |
---|
14720 | |
---|
14721 | |
---|
14722 | <tr> |
---|
14723 | |
---|
14724 | |
---|
14725 | |
---|
14726 | |
---|
14727 | |
---|
14728 | |
---|
14729 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_momentumflux_v"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span></td> |
---|
14730 | |
---|
14731 | |
---|
14732 | |
---|
14733 | |
---|
14734 | |
---|
14735 | |
---|
14736 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
14737 | |
---|
14738 | |
---|
14739 | |
---|
14740 | |
---|
14741 | |
---|
14742 | |
---|
14743 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed momentumflux</span></td> |
---|
14744 | |
---|
14745 | |
---|
14746 | |
---|
14747 | |
---|
14748 | |
---|
14749 | |
---|
14750 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Momentum flux along y at the top boundary (in m2/s2).<br> |
---|
14751 | |
---|
14752 | |
---|
14753 | |
---|
14754 | |
---|
14755 | |
---|
14756 | |
---|
14757 | |
---|
14758 | |
---|
14759 | |
---|
14760 | |
---|
14761 | |
---|
14762 | |
---|
14763 | <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal |
---|
14764 | two-dimensional v-momentum flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">vswst</span> is |
---|
14765 | initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span> as |
---|
14766 | top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the v-momentum equation.</p> |
---|
14767 | |
---|
14768 | |
---|
14769 | |
---|
14770 | |
---|
14771 | |
---|
14772 | |
---|
14773 | |
---|
14774 | |
---|
14775 | |
---|
14776 | |
---|
14777 | |
---|
14778 | |
---|
14779 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Notes:</span><br> |
---|
14780 | |
---|
14781 | |
---|
14782 | |
---|
14783 | |
---|
14784 | |
---|
14785 | |
---|
14786 | The |
---|
14787 | application of a top momentum flux additionally requires the setting of |
---|
14788 | initial parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a> |
---|
14789 | = .T.. Setting of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_momentumflux_v</span> requires setting of <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a> also.</p> |
---|
14790 | |
---|
14791 | |
---|
14792 | |
---|
14793 | |
---|
14794 | |
---|
14795 | |
---|
14796 | |
---|
14797 | |
---|
14798 | |
---|
14799 | |
---|
14800 | |
---|
14801 | |
---|
14802 | <p>A Neumann |
---|
14803 | condition should be used for the v velocity component (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_uv_t">bc_uv_t</a>), |
---|
14804 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
14805 | the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> </p> |
---|
14806 | |
---|
14807 | |
---|
14808 | |
---|
14809 | |
---|
14810 | |
---|
14811 | |
---|
14812 | |
---|
14813 | <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> |
---|
14814 | |
---|
14815 | |
---|
14816 | |
---|
14817 | |
---|
14818 | |
---|
14819 | |
---|
14820 | <p>No |
---|
14821 | Prandtl-layer is available at the top boundary so far.</p> |
---|
14822 | |
---|
14823 | |
---|
14824 | |
---|
14825 | |
---|
14826 | |
---|
14827 | |
---|
14828 | |
---|
14829 | |
---|
14830 | |
---|
14831 | |
---|
14832 | |
---|
14833 | |
---|
14834 | <p> The <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> ocean parameter file <a href="chapter_3.4.html#PARIN"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">PARIN_O</font></a> should include dummy REAL value assignments to both <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a> (e.g. top_momentumflux_u = 0.0, top_momentumflux_v = 0.0) to enable the momentum flux coupling.</p> |
---|
14835 | |
---|
14836 | |
---|
14837 | |
---|
14838 | |
---|
14839 | |
---|
14840 | |
---|
14841 | </td> |
---|
14842 | |
---|
14843 | |
---|
14844 | |
---|
14845 | |
---|
14846 | |
---|
14847 | |
---|
14848 | </tr> |
---|
14849 | |
---|
14850 | |
---|
14851 | |
---|
14852 | |
---|
14853 | |
---|
14854 | |
---|
14855 | <tr> |
---|
14856 | |
---|
14857 | |
---|
14858 | |
---|
14859 | |
---|
14860 | |
---|
14861 | |
---|
14862 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="top_salinityflux"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">top_salinityflux</span></td> |
---|
14863 | |
---|
14864 | |
---|
14865 | |
---|
14866 | |
---|
14867 | |
---|
14868 | |
---|
14869 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
14870 | |
---|
14871 | |
---|
14872 | |
---|
14873 | |
---|
14874 | |
---|
14875 | |
---|
14876 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">no prescribed<br> |
---|
14877 | |
---|
14878 | |
---|
14879 | |
---|
14880 | |
---|
14881 | |
---|
14882 | |
---|
14883 | |
---|
14884 | salinityflux</span></td> |
---|
14885 | |
---|
14886 | |
---|
14887 | |
---|
14888 | |
---|
14889 | |
---|
14890 | |
---|
14891 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
14892 | |
---|
14893 | |
---|
14894 | |
---|
14895 | |
---|
14896 | |
---|
14897 | |
---|
14898 | <p>Kinematic |
---|
14899 | salinity flux at the top boundary, i.e. the sea surface (in psu m/s). </p> |
---|
14900 | |
---|
14901 | |
---|
14902 | |
---|
14903 | |
---|
14904 | |
---|
14905 | |
---|
14906 | |
---|
14907 | |
---|
14908 | |
---|
14909 | |
---|
14910 | |
---|
14911 | |
---|
14912 | |
---|
14913 | <p>This parameter only comes into effect for ocean runs (see parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>).</p> |
---|
14914 | |
---|
14915 | |
---|
14916 | |
---|
14917 | |
---|
14918 | |
---|
14919 | |
---|
14920 | |
---|
14921 | |
---|
14922 | |
---|
14923 | |
---|
14924 | |
---|
14925 | |
---|
14926 | <p>If a value is assigned to this parameter, the internal |
---|
14927 | two-dimensional surface heat flux field <span style="font-family: monospace;">saswst</span> is |
---|
14928 | initialized with the value of <span style="font-weight: bold;">top_salinityflux</span> as |
---|
14929 | top (horizontally homogeneous) boundary condition for the salinity equation. This additionally requires that a Neumann |
---|
14930 | condition must be used for the salinity (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_sa_t">bc_sa_t</a>), |
---|
14931 | because otherwise the resolved scale may contribute to |
---|
14932 | the top flux so that a constant flux value cannot be guaranteed.<span style="font-style: italic;"></span> </p> |
---|
14933 | |
---|
14934 | |
---|
14935 | |
---|
14936 | |
---|
14937 | |
---|
14938 | |
---|
14939 | |
---|
14940 | |
---|
14941 | |
---|
14942 | |
---|
14943 | |
---|
14944 | |
---|
14945 | |
---|
14946 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span><br> |
---|
14947 | |
---|
14948 | |
---|
14949 | |
---|
14950 | |
---|
14951 | |
---|
14952 | |
---|
14953 | The |
---|
14954 | application of a salinity flux at the model top additionally requires the setting of |
---|
14955 | initial parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#use_top_fluxes">use_top_fluxes</a> |
---|
14956 | = .T..<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> </p> |
---|
14957 | |
---|
14958 | |
---|
14959 | |
---|
14960 | |
---|
14961 | |
---|
14962 | |
---|
14963 | |
---|
14964 | |
---|
14965 | |
---|
14966 | |
---|
14967 | |
---|
14968 | |
---|
14969 | <p>See |
---|
14970 | also <a href="chapter_4.1.html#bottom_salinityflux">bottom_salinityflux</a>.</p> |
---|
14971 | |
---|
14972 | |
---|
14973 | |
---|
14974 | |
---|
14975 | |
---|
14976 | |
---|
14977 | </td> |
---|
14978 | |
---|
14979 | |
---|
14980 | |
---|
14981 | |
---|
14982 | |
---|
14983 | |
---|
14984 | </tr> |
---|
14985 | |
---|
14986 | |
---|
14987 | |
---|
14988 | |
---|
14989 | |
---|
14990 | |
---|
14991 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="turbulent_inflow"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">turbulent_inflow</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">Generates a turbulent inflow at side boundaries using a turbulence recycling method.<br><br>Turbulent inflow is realized using the turbulence recycling method from Lund et al. (1998, J. Comp. Phys., <span style="font-weight: bold;">140</span>, 233-258) modified by Kataoka and Mizuno (2002, Wind and Structures, <span style="font-weight: bold;">5</span>, 379-392).<br><br>A turbulent inflow requires Dirichlet conditions at the respective inflow boundary. <span style="font-weight: bold;">So far, a turbulent inflow is realized from the left (west) side only, i.e. </span><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="chapter_4.1.html#bc_lr">bc_lr</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> =</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> 'dirichlet/radiation'</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> is required!</span><br><br>The initial (quasi-stationary) turbulence field should be generated by a precursor run and used by setting <a href="chapter_4.1.html#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> =<span style="font-style: italic;"> 'cyclic_fill'</span>.<br><br>The distance of the recycling plane from the inflow boundary can be set with parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#recycling_width">recycling_width</a>. |
---|
14992 | The heigth above ground above which the turbulence signal is not used |
---|
14993 | for recycling and the width of the layer within the magnitude of |
---|
14994 | the turbulence signal is damped from 100% to 0% can be set with |
---|
14995 | parameters <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_height">inflow_damping_height</a> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#inflow_damping_width">inflow_damping_width</a>.<br><br>The detailed setup for a turbulent inflow is described in <a href="chapter_3.9.html">chapter 3.9</a>.</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="u_bulk"></a>u_bulk</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td><td>u-component of the predefined bulk velocity (in m/s).<br><br>This parameter comes into effect if <a href="#conserve_volume_flow">conserve_volume_flow</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and <a href="#conserve_volume_flow_mode">conserve_volume_flow_mode</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'bulk_velocity'</span>.</td></tr><tr> |
---|
14996 | |
---|
14997 | |
---|
14998 | |
---|
14999 | |
---|
15000 | |
---|
15001 | |
---|
15002 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15003 | |
---|
15004 | |
---|
15005 | |
---|
15006 | |
---|
15007 | |
---|
15008 | |
---|
15009 | <p><a name="ug_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_surface</span></p> |
---|
15010 | |
---|
15011 | |
---|
15012 | |
---|
15013 | |
---|
15014 | |
---|
15015 | |
---|
15016 | |
---|
15017 | </td> |
---|
15018 | |
---|
15019 | |
---|
15020 | |
---|
15021 | |
---|
15022 | |
---|
15023 | |
---|
15024 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
---|
15025 | |
---|
15026 | |
---|
15027 | |
---|
15028 | |
---|
15029 | |
---|
15030 | |
---|
15031 | </td> |
---|
15032 | |
---|
15033 | |
---|
15034 | |
---|
15035 | |
---|
15036 | |
---|
15037 | |
---|
15038 | |
---|
15039 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
---|
15040 | |
---|
15041 | |
---|
15042 | |
---|
15043 | |
---|
15044 | |
---|
15045 | |
---|
15046 | </td> |
---|
15047 | |
---|
15048 | |
---|
15049 | |
---|
15050 | |
---|
15051 | |
---|
15052 | |
---|
15053 | |
---|
15054 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">u-component of the |
---|
15055 | geostrophic |
---|
15056 | wind at the surface (in m/s).<br> |
---|
15057 | |
---|
15058 | |
---|
15059 | |
---|
15060 | |
---|
15061 | |
---|
15062 | |
---|
15063 | <br> |
---|
15064 | |
---|
15065 | |
---|
15066 | |
---|
15067 | |
---|
15068 | |
---|
15069 | |
---|
15070 | |
---|
15071 | This parameter assigns the value of the u-component of the geostrophic |
---|
15072 | wind (ug) at the surface (k=0). Starting from this value, the initial |
---|
15073 | vertical profile of the <br> |
---|
15074 | |
---|
15075 | |
---|
15076 | |
---|
15077 | |
---|
15078 | |
---|
15079 | |
---|
15080 | |
---|
15081 | u-component of the geostrophic wind is constructed with <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
15082 | and <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
15083 | The |
---|
15084 | profile constructed in that way is used for creating the initial |
---|
15085 | vertical velocity profile of the 3d-model. Either it is applied, as it |
---|
15086 | has been specified by the user (<a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
15087 | = 'set_constant_profiles') or it is used for calculating a stationary |
---|
15088 | boundary layer wind profile (<a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
15089 | = 'set_1d-model_profiles'). If ug is constant with height (i.e. ug(k)=<span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_surface</span>) |
---|
15090 | and has a large |
---|
15091 | value, it is recommended to use a Galilei-transformation of the |
---|
15092 | coordinate system, if possible (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
---|
15093 | in order to obtain larger time steps.<br> |
---|
15094 | |
---|
15095 | |
---|
15096 | |
---|
15097 | |
---|
15098 | |
---|
15099 | |
---|
15100 | <br> |
---|
15101 | |
---|
15102 | |
---|
15103 | |
---|
15104 | |
---|
15105 | |
---|
15106 | |
---|
15107 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
15108 | |
---|
15109 | |
---|
15110 | |
---|
15111 | |
---|
15112 | |
---|
15113 | |
---|
15114 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
---|
15115 | this parameter gives the geostrophic velocity value (i.e. the pressure gradient) at the sea surface, which is |
---|
15116 | at k=nzt. The profile is then constructed from the surface down to the |
---|
15117 | bottom of the model.<br> |
---|
15118 | |
---|
15119 | |
---|
15120 | |
---|
15121 | |
---|
15122 | |
---|
15123 | |
---|
15124 | </td> |
---|
15125 | |
---|
15126 | |
---|
15127 | |
---|
15128 | |
---|
15129 | |
---|
15130 | |
---|
15131 | </tr> |
---|
15132 | |
---|
15133 | |
---|
15134 | |
---|
15135 | |
---|
15136 | |
---|
15137 | |
---|
15138 | |
---|
15139 | <tr> |
---|
15140 | |
---|
15141 | |
---|
15142 | |
---|
15143 | |
---|
15144 | |
---|
15145 | |
---|
15146 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15147 | |
---|
15148 | |
---|
15149 | |
---|
15150 | |
---|
15151 | |
---|
15152 | |
---|
15153 | <p><a name="ug_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient</span></p> |
---|
15154 | |
---|
15155 | |
---|
15156 | |
---|
15157 | |
---|
15158 | |
---|
15159 | |
---|
15160 | |
---|
15161 | </td> |
---|
15162 | |
---|
15163 | |
---|
15164 | |
---|
15165 | |
---|
15166 | |
---|
15167 | |
---|
15168 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br> |
---|
15169 | |
---|
15170 | |
---|
15171 | |
---|
15172 | |
---|
15173 | |
---|
15174 | |
---|
15175 | |
---|
15176 | </td> |
---|
15177 | |
---|
15178 | |
---|
15179 | |
---|
15180 | |
---|
15181 | |
---|
15182 | |
---|
15183 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 |
---|
15184 | * 0.0</span><br> |
---|
15185 | |
---|
15186 | |
---|
15187 | |
---|
15188 | |
---|
15189 | |
---|
15190 | |
---|
15191 | </td> |
---|
15192 | |
---|
15193 | |
---|
15194 | |
---|
15195 | |
---|
15196 | |
---|
15197 | |
---|
15198 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the initial |
---|
15199 | profile of the u-component of the geostrophic wind (in |
---|
15200 | 1/100s).<br> |
---|
15201 | |
---|
15202 | |
---|
15203 | |
---|
15204 | |
---|
15205 | |
---|
15206 | |
---|
15207 | <br> |
---|
15208 | |
---|
15209 | |
---|
15210 | |
---|
15211 | |
---|
15212 | |
---|
15213 | |
---|
15214 | |
---|
15215 | The gradient holds starting from the height level defined by <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
15216 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) > <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>, |
---|
15217 | ug(k) is set: ug(k) = ug(k-1) + dzu(k) * <span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient</span>) |
---|
15218 | up to the top |
---|
15219 | boundary or up to the next height level defined by <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
15220 | A |
---|
15221 | total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 |
---|
15222 | intervals if <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient_level">ug_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
---|
15223 | = 0.0) can be assigned. The surface geostrophic wind is assigned by <a href="#ug_surface">ug_surface</a>.<br> |
---|
15224 | |
---|
15225 | |
---|
15226 | |
---|
15227 | |
---|
15228 | |
---|
15229 | |
---|
15230 | <br> |
---|
15231 | |
---|
15232 | |
---|
15233 | |
---|
15234 | |
---|
15235 | |
---|
15236 | |
---|
15237 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
15238 | |
---|
15239 | |
---|
15240 | |
---|
15241 | |
---|
15242 | |
---|
15243 | |
---|
15244 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
---|
15245 | the profile is constructed like described above, but starting from the |
---|
15246 | sea surface (k=nzt) down to the bottom boundary of the model. Height |
---|
15247 | levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.<br> |
---|
15248 | |
---|
15249 | |
---|
15250 | |
---|
15251 | |
---|
15252 | |
---|
15253 | |
---|
15254 | </td> |
---|
15255 | |
---|
15256 | |
---|
15257 | |
---|
15258 | |
---|
15259 | |
---|
15260 | |
---|
15261 | |
---|
15262 | </tr> |
---|
15263 | |
---|
15264 | |
---|
15265 | |
---|
15266 | |
---|
15267 | |
---|
15268 | |
---|
15269 | <tr> |
---|
15270 | |
---|
15271 | |
---|
15272 | |
---|
15273 | |
---|
15274 | |
---|
15275 | |
---|
15276 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15277 | |
---|
15278 | |
---|
15279 | |
---|
15280 | |
---|
15281 | |
---|
15282 | |
---|
15283 | <p><a name="ug_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">ug_vertical_gradient_level</span></p> |
---|
15284 | |
---|
15285 | |
---|
15286 | |
---|
15287 | |
---|
15288 | |
---|
15289 | |
---|
15290 | |
---|
15291 | </td> |
---|
15292 | |
---|
15293 | |
---|
15294 | |
---|
15295 | |
---|
15296 | |
---|
15297 | |
---|
15298 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br> |
---|
15299 | |
---|
15300 | |
---|
15301 | |
---|
15302 | |
---|
15303 | |
---|
15304 | |
---|
15305 | |
---|
15306 | </td> |
---|
15307 | |
---|
15308 | |
---|
15309 | |
---|
15310 | |
---|
15311 | |
---|
15312 | |
---|
15313 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 |
---|
15314 | * 0.0</span><br> |
---|
15315 | |
---|
15316 | |
---|
15317 | |
---|
15318 | |
---|
15319 | |
---|
15320 | |
---|
15321 | </td> |
---|
15322 | |
---|
15323 | |
---|
15324 | |
---|
15325 | |
---|
15326 | |
---|
15327 | |
---|
15328 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the |
---|
15329 | gradient defined by <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
15330 | is effective (in m).<br> |
---|
15331 | |
---|
15332 | |
---|
15333 | |
---|
15334 | |
---|
15335 | |
---|
15336 | |
---|
15337 | <br> |
---|
15338 | |
---|
15339 | |
---|
15340 | |
---|
15341 | |
---|
15342 | |
---|
15343 | |
---|
15344 | |
---|
15345 | The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. For the |
---|
15346 | piecewise construction of a profile of the u-component of the |
---|
15347 | geostrophic wind component (ug) see <a href="#ug_vertical_gradient">ug_vertical_gradient</a>.<br> |
---|
15348 | |
---|
15349 | |
---|
15350 | |
---|
15351 | |
---|
15352 | |
---|
15353 | |
---|
15354 | <br> |
---|
15355 | |
---|
15356 | |
---|
15357 | |
---|
15358 | |
---|
15359 | |
---|
15360 | |
---|
15361 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
15362 | |
---|
15363 | |
---|
15364 | |
---|
15365 | |
---|
15366 | |
---|
15367 | |
---|
15368 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order.</td> |
---|
15369 | |
---|
15370 | |
---|
15371 | |
---|
15372 | |
---|
15373 | |
---|
15374 | |
---|
15375 | </tr> |
---|
15376 | |
---|
15377 | |
---|
15378 | |
---|
15379 | |
---|
15380 | |
---|
15381 | |
---|
15382 | <tr> |
---|
15383 | |
---|
15384 | |
---|
15385 | |
---|
15386 | |
---|
15387 | |
---|
15388 | |
---|
15389 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15390 | |
---|
15391 | |
---|
15392 | |
---|
15393 | |
---|
15394 | |
---|
15395 | |
---|
15396 | <p><a name="ups_limit_e"></a><b>ups_limit_e</b></p> |
---|
15397 | |
---|
15398 | |
---|
15399 | |
---|
15400 | |
---|
15401 | |
---|
15402 | |
---|
15403 | |
---|
15404 | </td> |
---|
15405 | |
---|
15406 | |
---|
15407 | |
---|
15408 | |
---|
15409 | |
---|
15410 | |
---|
15411 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
15412 | |
---|
15413 | |
---|
15414 | |
---|
15415 | |
---|
15416 | |
---|
15417 | |
---|
15418 | |
---|
15419 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
15420 | |
---|
15421 | |
---|
15422 | |
---|
15423 | |
---|
15424 | |
---|
15425 | |
---|
15426 | |
---|
15427 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15428 | |
---|
15429 | |
---|
15430 | |
---|
15431 | |
---|
15432 | |
---|
15433 | |
---|
15434 | <p>Subgrid-scale |
---|
15435 | turbulent kinetic energy difference used as |
---|
15436 | criterion for applying the upstream scheme when upstream-spline |
---|
15437 | advection is switched on (in m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>). |
---|
15438 | </p> |
---|
15439 | |
---|
15440 | |
---|
15441 | |
---|
15442 | |
---|
15443 | |
---|
15444 | |
---|
15445 | |
---|
15446 | |
---|
15447 | |
---|
15448 | |
---|
15449 | |
---|
15450 | |
---|
15451 | |
---|
15452 | <p>This variable steers the appropriate |
---|
15453 | treatment of the |
---|
15454 | advection of the subgrid-scale turbulent kinetic energy in case that |
---|
15455 | the uptream-spline scheme is used . For further information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>. </p> |
---|
15456 | |
---|
15457 | |
---|
15458 | |
---|
15459 | |
---|
15460 | |
---|
15461 | |
---|
15462 | |
---|
15463 | |
---|
15464 | |
---|
15465 | |
---|
15466 | |
---|
15467 | |
---|
15468 | |
---|
15469 | <p>Only positive values are allowed for <b>ups_limit_e</b>. |
---|
15470 | </p> |
---|
15471 | |
---|
15472 | |
---|
15473 | |
---|
15474 | |
---|
15475 | |
---|
15476 | |
---|
15477 | </td> |
---|
15478 | |
---|
15479 | |
---|
15480 | |
---|
15481 | |
---|
15482 | |
---|
15483 | |
---|
15484 | </tr> |
---|
15485 | |
---|
15486 | |
---|
15487 | |
---|
15488 | |
---|
15489 | |
---|
15490 | |
---|
15491 | <tr> |
---|
15492 | |
---|
15493 | |
---|
15494 | |
---|
15495 | |
---|
15496 | |
---|
15497 | |
---|
15498 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15499 | |
---|
15500 | |
---|
15501 | |
---|
15502 | |
---|
15503 | |
---|
15504 | |
---|
15505 | <p><a name="ups_limit_pt"></a><b>ups_limit_pt</b></p> |
---|
15506 | |
---|
15507 | |
---|
15508 | |
---|
15509 | |
---|
15510 | |
---|
15511 | |
---|
15512 | |
---|
15513 | </td> |
---|
15514 | |
---|
15515 | |
---|
15516 | |
---|
15517 | |
---|
15518 | |
---|
15519 | |
---|
15520 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
15521 | |
---|
15522 | |
---|
15523 | |
---|
15524 | |
---|
15525 | |
---|
15526 | |
---|
15527 | |
---|
15528 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
15529 | |
---|
15530 | |
---|
15531 | |
---|
15532 | |
---|
15533 | |
---|
15534 | |
---|
15535 | |
---|
15536 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15537 | |
---|
15538 | |
---|
15539 | |
---|
15540 | |
---|
15541 | |
---|
15542 | |
---|
15543 | <p>Temperature |
---|
15544 | difference used as criterion for applying |
---|
15545 | the upstream scheme when upstream-spline advection is |
---|
15546 | switched on |
---|
15547 | (in K). </p> |
---|
15548 | |
---|
15549 | |
---|
15550 | |
---|
15551 | |
---|
15552 | |
---|
15553 | |
---|
15554 | |
---|
15555 | |
---|
15556 | |
---|
15557 | |
---|
15558 | |
---|
15559 | |
---|
15560 | |
---|
15561 | <p>This criterion is used if the |
---|
15562 | upstream-spline scheme is |
---|
15563 | switched on (see <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a>).<br> |
---|
15564 | |
---|
15565 | |
---|
15566 | |
---|
15567 | |
---|
15568 | |
---|
15569 | |
---|
15570 | |
---|
15571 | If, for a given gridpoint, the absolute temperature difference with |
---|
15572 | respect to the upstream |
---|
15573 | grid point is smaller than the value given for <b>ups_limit_pt</b>, |
---|
15574 | the upstream scheme is used for this gridpoint (by default, the |
---|
15575 | upstream-spline scheme is always used). Reason: in case of a very small |
---|
15576 | upstream gradient, the advection should cause only a very small |
---|
15577 | tendency. However, in such situations the upstream-spline scheme may |
---|
15578 | give wrong tendencies at a |
---|
15579 | grid point due to spline overshooting, if simultaneously the downstream |
---|
15580 | gradient is very large. In such cases it may be more reasonable to use |
---|
15581 | the upstream scheme. The numerical diffusion caused by the upstream |
---|
15582 | schme remains small as long as the upstream gradients are small.<br> |
---|
15583 | |
---|
15584 | |
---|
15585 | |
---|
15586 | |
---|
15587 | |
---|
15588 | |
---|
15589 | |
---|
15590 | </p> |
---|
15591 | |
---|
15592 | |
---|
15593 | |
---|
15594 | |
---|
15595 | |
---|
15596 | |
---|
15597 | |
---|
15598 | |
---|
15599 | |
---|
15600 | |
---|
15601 | |
---|
15602 | |
---|
15603 | |
---|
15604 | <p>The percentage of grid points for which the |
---|
15605 | upstream |
---|
15606 | scheme is actually used, can be output as a time series with respect to |
---|
15607 | the |
---|
15608 | three directions in space with run parameter (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dots">dt_dots</a>, the |
---|
15609 | timeseries names in the NetCDF file are <i>'splptx'</i>, <i>'splpty'</i>, |
---|
15610 | <i>'splptz'</i>). The percentage |
---|
15611 | of gridpoints should stay below a certain limit, however, it |
---|
15612 | is |
---|
15613 | not possible to give |
---|
15614 | a general limit, since it depends on the respective flow. </p> |
---|
15615 | |
---|
15616 | |
---|
15617 | |
---|
15618 | |
---|
15619 | |
---|
15620 | |
---|
15621 | |
---|
15622 | |
---|
15623 | |
---|
15624 | |
---|
15625 | |
---|
15626 | |
---|
15627 | |
---|
15628 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_pt</b>.<br> |
---|
15629 | |
---|
15630 | |
---|
15631 | |
---|
15632 | |
---|
15633 | |
---|
15634 | |
---|
15635 | |
---|
15636 | </p> |
---|
15637 | |
---|
15638 | |
---|
15639 | |
---|
15640 | |
---|
15641 | |
---|
15642 | |
---|
15643 | |
---|
15644 | A more effective control of |
---|
15645 | the “overshoots” can be achieved with parameter <a href="#cut_spline_overshoot">cut_spline_overshoot</a>. |
---|
15646 | </td> |
---|
15647 | |
---|
15648 | |
---|
15649 | |
---|
15650 | |
---|
15651 | |
---|
15652 | |
---|
15653 | </tr> |
---|
15654 | |
---|
15655 | |
---|
15656 | |
---|
15657 | |
---|
15658 | |
---|
15659 | |
---|
15660 | <tr> |
---|
15661 | |
---|
15662 | |
---|
15663 | |
---|
15664 | |
---|
15665 | |
---|
15666 | |
---|
15667 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15668 | |
---|
15669 | |
---|
15670 | |
---|
15671 | |
---|
15672 | |
---|
15673 | |
---|
15674 | <p><a name="ups_limit_u"></a><b>ups_limit_u</b></p> |
---|
15675 | |
---|
15676 | |
---|
15677 | |
---|
15678 | |
---|
15679 | |
---|
15680 | |
---|
15681 | |
---|
15682 | </td> |
---|
15683 | |
---|
15684 | |
---|
15685 | |
---|
15686 | |
---|
15687 | |
---|
15688 | |
---|
15689 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
15690 | |
---|
15691 | |
---|
15692 | |
---|
15693 | |
---|
15694 | |
---|
15695 | |
---|
15696 | |
---|
15697 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
15698 | |
---|
15699 | |
---|
15700 | |
---|
15701 | |
---|
15702 | |
---|
15703 | |
---|
15704 | |
---|
15705 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15706 | |
---|
15707 | |
---|
15708 | |
---|
15709 | |
---|
15710 | |
---|
15711 | |
---|
15712 | <p>Velocity |
---|
15713 | difference (u-component) used as criterion for |
---|
15714 | applying the upstream scheme |
---|
15715 | when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s). </p> |
---|
15716 | |
---|
15717 | |
---|
15718 | |
---|
15719 | |
---|
15720 | |
---|
15721 | |
---|
15722 | |
---|
15723 | |
---|
15724 | |
---|
15725 | |
---|
15726 | |
---|
15727 | |
---|
15728 | |
---|
15729 | <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the |
---|
15730 | advection of the u-velocity-component in case that the upstream-spline |
---|
15731 | scheme is used. For further |
---|
15732 | information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>. |
---|
15733 | </p> |
---|
15734 | |
---|
15735 | |
---|
15736 | |
---|
15737 | |
---|
15738 | |
---|
15739 | |
---|
15740 | |
---|
15741 | |
---|
15742 | |
---|
15743 | |
---|
15744 | |
---|
15745 | |
---|
15746 | |
---|
15747 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_u</b>.</p> |
---|
15748 | |
---|
15749 | |
---|
15750 | |
---|
15751 | |
---|
15752 | |
---|
15753 | |
---|
15754 | |
---|
15755 | </td> |
---|
15756 | |
---|
15757 | |
---|
15758 | |
---|
15759 | |
---|
15760 | |
---|
15761 | |
---|
15762 | </tr> |
---|
15763 | |
---|
15764 | |
---|
15765 | |
---|
15766 | |
---|
15767 | |
---|
15768 | |
---|
15769 | <tr> |
---|
15770 | |
---|
15771 | |
---|
15772 | |
---|
15773 | |
---|
15774 | |
---|
15775 | |
---|
15776 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15777 | |
---|
15778 | |
---|
15779 | |
---|
15780 | |
---|
15781 | |
---|
15782 | |
---|
15783 | <p><a name="ups_limit_v"></a><b>ups_limit_v</b></p> |
---|
15784 | |
---|
15785 | |
---|
15786 | |
---|
15787 | |
---|
15788 | |
---|
15789 | |
---|
15790 | |
---|
15791 | </td> |
---|
15792 | |
---|
15793 | |
---|
15794 | |
---|
15795 | |
---|
15796 | |
---|
15797 | |
---|
15798 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
15799 | |
---|
15800 | |
---|
15801 | |
---|
15802 | |
---|
15803 | |
---|
15804 | |
---|
15805 | |
---|
15806 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
15807 | |
---|
15808 | |
---|
15809 | |
---|
15810 | |
---|
15811 | |
---|
15812 | |
---|
15813 | |
---|
15814 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15815 | |
---|
15816 | |
---|
15817 | |
---|
15818 | |
---|
15819 | |
---|
15820 | |
---|
15821 | <p>Velocity |
---|
15822 | difference (v-component) used as criterion for |
---|
15823 | applying the upstream scheme |
---|
15824 | when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s). </p> |
---|
15825 | |
---|
15826 | |
---|
15827 | |
---|
15828 | |
---|
15829 | |
---|
15830 | |
---|
15831 | |
---|
15832 | |
---|
15833 | |
---|
15834 | |
---|
15835 | |
---|
15836 | |
---|
15837 | |
---|
15838 | <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the |
---|
15839 | advection of the v-velocity-component in case that the upstream-spline |
---|
15840 | scheme is used. For further |
---|
15841 | information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>. |
---|
15842 | </p> |
---|
15843 | |
---|
15844 | |
---|
15845 | |
---|
15846 | |
---|
15847 | |
---|
15848 | |
---|
15849 | |
---|
15850 | |
---|
15851 | |
---|
15852 | |
---|
15853 | |
---|
15854 | |
---|
15855 | |
---|
15856 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_v</b>.</p> |
---|
15857 | |
---|
15858 | |
---|
15859 | |
---|
15860 | |
---|
15861 | |
---|
15862 | |
---|
15863 | |
---|
15864 | </td> |
---|
15865 | |
---|
15866 | |
---|
15867 | |
---|
15868 | |
---|
15869 | |
---|
15870 | |
---|
15871 | </tr> |
---|
15872 | |
---|
15873 | |
---|
15874 | |
---|
15875 | |
---|
15876 | |
---|
15877 | |
---|
15878 | <tr> |
---|
15879 | |
---|
15880 | |
---|
15881 | |
---|
15882 | |
---|
15883 | |
---|
15884 | |
---|
15885 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15886 | |
---|
15887 | |
---|
15888 | |
---|
15889 | |
---|
15890 | |
---|
15891 | |
---|
15892 | <p><a name="ups_limit_w"></a><b>ups_limit_w</b></p> |
---|
15893 | |
---|
15894 | |
---|
15895 | |
---|
15896 | |
---|
15897 | |
---|
15898 | |
---|
15899 | |
---|
15900 | </td> |
---|
15901 | |
---|
15902 | |
---|
15903 | |
---|
15904 | |
---|
15905 | |
---|
15906 | |
---|
15907 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td> |
---|
15908 | |
---|
15909 | |
---|
15910 | |
---|
15911 | |
---|
15912 | |
---|
15913 | |
---|
15914 | |
---|
15915 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>0.0</i></td> |
---|
15916 | |
---|
15917 | |
---|
15918 | |
---|
15919 | |
---|
15920 | |
---|
15921 | |
---|
15922 | |
---|
15923 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15924 | |
---|
15925 | |
---|
15926 | |
---|
15927 | |
---|
15928 | |
---|
15929 | |
---|
15930 | <p>Velocity |
---|
15931 | difference (w-component) used as criterion for |
---|
15932 | applying the upstream scheme |
---|
15933 | when upstream-spline advection is switched on (in m/s). </p> |
---|
15934 | |
---|
15935 | |
---|
15936 | |
---|
15937 | |
---|
15938 | |
---|
15939 | |
---|
15940 | |
---|
15941 | |
---|
15942 | |
---|
15943 | |
---|
15944 | |
---|
15945 | |
---|
15946 | |
---|
15947 | <p>This variable steers the appropriate treatment of the |
---|
15948 | advection of the w-velocity-component in case that the upstream-spline |
---|
15949 | scheme is used. For further |
---|
15950 | information see <a href="#ups_limit_pt">ups_limit_pt</a>. |
---|
15951 | </p> |
---|
15952 | |
---|
15953 | |
---|
15954 | |
---|
15955 | |
---|
15956 | |
---|
15957 | |
---|
15958 | |
---|
15959 | |
---|
15960 | |
---|
15961 | |
---|
15962 | |
---|
15963 | |
---|
15964 | |
---|
15965 | <p>Only positive values are permitted for <b>ups_limit_w</b>.</p> |
---|
15966 | |
---|
15967 | |
---|
15968 | |
---|
15969 | |
---|
15970 | |
---|
15971 | |
---|
15972 | |
---|
15973 | </td> |
---|
15974 | |
---|
15975 | |
---|
15976 | |
---|
15977 | |
---|
15978 | |
---|
15979 | |
---|
15980 | </tr> |
---|
15981 | |
---|
15982 | |
---|
15983 | |
---|
15984 | |
---|
15985 | |
---|
15986 | |
---|
15987 | <tr> |
---|
15988 | |
---|
15989 | |
---|
15990 | |
---|
15991 | |
---|
15992 | |
---|
15993 | |
---|
15994 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
15995 | |
---|
15996 | |
---|
15997 | |
---|
15998 | |
---|
15999 | |
---|
16000 | |
---|
16001 | <p><a name="use_surface_fluxes"></a><b>use_surface_fluxes</b></p> |
---|
16002 | |
---|
16003 | |
---|
16004 | |
---|
16005 | |
---|
16006 | |
---|
16007 | |
---|
16008 | |
---|
16009 | </td> |
---|
16010 | |
---|
16011 | |
---|
16012 | |
---|
16013 | |
---|
16014 | |
---|
16015 | |
---|
16016 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
16017 | |
---|
16018 | |
---|
16019 | |
---|
16020 | |
---|
16021 | |
---|
16022 | |
---|
16023 | |
---|
16024 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.F.</i></td> |
---|
16025 | |
---|
16026 | |
---|
16027 | |
---|
16028 | |
---|
16029 | |
---|
16030 | |
---|
16031 | |
---|
16032 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
16033 | |
---|
16034 | |
---|
16035 | |
---|
16036 | |
---|
16037 | |
---|
16038 | |
---|
16039 | <p>Parameter to |
---|
16040 | steer the treatment of the subgrid-scale vertical |
---|
16041 | fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=1 (bottom boundary).<br> |
---|
16042 | |
---|
16043 | |
---|
16044 | |
---|
16045 | |
---|
16046 | |
---|
16047 | |
---|
16048 | </p> |
---|
16049 | |
---|
16050 | |
---|
16051 | |
---|
16052 | |
---|
16053 | |
---|
16054 | |
---|
16055 | |
---|
16056 | |
---|
16057 | |
---|
16058 | |
---|
16059 | |
---|
16060 | |
---|
16061 | |
---|
16062 | <p>By default, the near-surface subgrid-scale fluxes are |
---|
16063 | parameterized (like in the remaining model domain) using the gradient |
---|
16064 | approach. If <b>use_surface_fluxes</b> |
---|
16065 | = <i>.TRUE.</i>, the user-assigned surface fluxes are used |
---|
16066 | instead |
---|
16067 | (see <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a>, |
---|
16068 | <a href="#surface_waterflux">surface_waterflux</a> |
---|
16069 | and <a href="#surface_scalarflux">surface_scalarflux</a>) |
---|
16070 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">or</span> the |
---|
16071 | surface fluxes are |
---|
16072 | calculated via the Prandtl layer relation (depends on the bottom |
---|
16073 | boundary conditions, see <a href="#bc_pt_b">bc_pt_b</a>, |
---|
16074 | <a href="#bc_q_b">bc_q_b</a> |
---|
16075 | and <a href="#bc_s_b">bc_s_b</a>).<br> |
---|
16076 | |
---|
16077 | |
---|
16078 | |
---|
16079 | |
---|
16080 | |
---|
16081 | |
---|
16082 | </p> |
---|
16083 | |
---|
16084 | |
---|
16085 | |
---|
16086 | |
---|
16087 | |
---|
16088 | |
---|
16089 | |
---|
16090 | |
---|
16091 | |
---|
16092 | |
---|
16093 | |
---|
16094 | |
---|
16095 | |
---|
16096 | <p><b>use_surface_fluxes</b> |
---|
16097 | is automatically set <i>.TRUE.</i>, if a Prandtl layer is |
---|
16098 | used (see <a href="#prandtl_layer">prandtl_layer</a>). |
---|
16099 | </p> |
---|
16100 | |
---|
16101 | |
---|
16102 | |
---|
16103 | |
---|
16104 | |
---|
16105 | |
---|
16106 | |
---|
16107 | |
---|
16108 | |
---|
16109 | |
---|
16110 | |
---|
16111 | |
---|
16112 | |
---|
16113 | <p>The user may prescribe the surface fluxes at the |
---|
16114 | bottom |
---|
16115 | boundary without using a Prandtl layer by setting <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_surface_fluxes</span> = |
---|
16116 | <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">prandtl_layer</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span>. If , in this |
---|
16117 | case, the |
---|
16118 | momentum flux (u<sub>*</sub><sup>2</sup>) |
---|
16119 | should also be prescribed, |
---|
16120 | the user must assign an appropriate value within the user-defined code.</p> |
---|
16121 | |
---|
16122 | |
---|
16123 | |
---|
16124 | |
---|
16125 | |
---|
16126 | |
---|
16127 | |
---|
16128 | </td> |
---|
16129 | |
---|
16130 | |
---|
16131 | |
---|
16132 | |
---|
16133 | |
---|
16134 | |
---|
16135 | </tr> |
---|
16136 | |
---|
16137 | |
---|
16138 | |
---|
16139 | |
---|
16140 | |
---|
16141 | |
---|
16142 | <tr> |
---|
16143 | |
---|
16144 | |
---|
16145 | |
---|
16146 | |
---|
16147 | |
---|
16148 | |
---|
16149 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="use_top_fluxes"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_top_fluxes</span></td> |
---|
16150 | |
---|
16151 | |
---|
16152 | |
---|
16153 | |
---|
16154 | |
---|
16155 | |
---|
16156 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
16157 | |
---|
16158 | |
---|
16159 | |
---|
16160 | |
---|
16161 | |
---|
16162 | |
---|
16163 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
---|
16164 | |
---|
16165 | |
---|
16166 | |
---|
16167 | |
---|
16168 | |
---|
16169 | |
---|
16170 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
16171 | |
---|
16172 | |
---|
16173 | |
---|
16174 | |
---|
16175 | |
---|
16176 | |
---|
16177 | <p>Parameter to steer |
---|
16178 | the treatment of the subgrid-scale vertical |
---|
16179 | fluxes within the diffusion terms at k=nz (top boundary).</p> |
---|
16180 | |
---|
16181 | |
---|
16182 | |
---|
16183 | |
---|
16184 | |
---|
16185 | |
---|
16186 | |
---|
16187 | |
---|
16188 | |
---|
16189 | |
---|
16190 | |
---|
16191 | |
---|
16192 | <p>By |
---|
16193 | default, the fluxes at nz are calculated using the gradient approach. |
---|
16194 | If <b>use_top_fluxes</b> |
---|
16195 | = <i>.TRUE.</i>, the user-assigned top fluxes are used |
---|
16196 | instead |
---|
16197 | (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#top_heatflux">top_heatflux</a>, <a href="#top_momentumflux_u">top_momentumflux_u</a>, <a href="#top_momentumflux_v">top_momentumflux_v</a>, <a href="#top_salinityflux">top_salinityflux</a>).</p> |
---|
16198 | |
---|
16199 | |
---|
16200 | |
---|
16201 | |
---|
16202 | |
---|
16203 | |
---|
16204 | |
---|
16205 | |
---|
16206 | |
---|
16207 | |
---|
16208 | |
---|
16209 | |
---|
16210 | <p>Currently, no value for the latent heatflux can be assigned. In case of <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_top_fluxes</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.TRUE.</span>, the latent |
---|
16211 | heat flux at the top will be automatically set to zero.</p> |
---|
16212 | |
---|
16213 | |
---|
16214 | |
---|
16215 | |
---|
16216 | |
---|
16217 | |
---|
16218 | </td> |
---|
16219 | |
---|
16220 | |
---|
16221 | |
---|
16222 | |
---|
16223 | |
---|
16224 | |
---|
16225 | </tr> |
---|
16226 | |
---|
16227 | |
---|
16228 | |
---|
16229 | |
---|
16230 | |
---|
16231 | |
---|
16232 | <tr> |
---|
16233 | |
---|
16234 | |
---|
16235 | |
---|
16236 | |
---|
16237 | |
---|
16238 | |
---|
16239 | |
---|
16240 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
16241 | |
---|
16242 | |
---|
16243 | |
---|
16244 | |
---|
16245 | |
---|
16246 | |
---|
16247 | <p><a name="use_ug_for_galilei_tr"></a><b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b></p> |
---|
16248 | |
---|
16249 | |
---|
16250 | |
---|
16251 | |
---|
16252 | |
---|
16253 | |
---|
16254 | |
---|
16255 | </td> |
---|
16256 | |
---|
16257 | |
---|
16258 | |
---|
16259 | |
---|
16260 | |
---|
16261 | |
---|
16262 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
16263 | |
---|
16264 | |
---|
16265 | |
---|
16266 | |
---|
16267 | |
---|
16268 | |
---|
16269 | |
---|
16270 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td> |
---|
16271 | |
---|
16272 | |
---|
16273 | |
---|
16274 | |
---|
16275 | |
---|
16276 | |
---|
16277 | |
---|
16278 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
16279 | |
---|
16280 | |
---|
16281 | |
---|
16282 | |
---|
16283 | |
---|
16284 | |
---|
16285 | <p>Switch to |
---|
16286 | determine the translation velocity in case that a |
---|
16287 | Galilean transformation is used.<br> |
---|
16288 | |
---|
16289 | |
---|
16290 | |
---|
16291 | |
---|
16292 | |
---|
16293 | |
---|
16294 | </p> |
---|
16295 | |
---|
16296 | |
---|
16297 | |
---|
16298 | |
---|
16299 | |
---|
16300 | |
---|
16301 | |
---|
16302 | |
---|
16303 | |
---|
16304 | |
---|
16305 | |
---|
16306 | |
---|
16307 | |
---|
16308 | <p>In |
---|
16309 | case of a Galilean transformation (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
---|
16310 | <b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b> |
---|
16311 | = <i>.T.</i> ensures |
---|
16312 | that the coordinate system is translated with the geostrophic windspeed.<br> |
---|
16313 | |
---|
16314 | |
---|
16315 | |
---|
16316 | |
---|
16317 | |
---|
16318 | |
---|
16319 | |
---|
16320 | </p> |
---|
16321 | |
---|
16322 | |
---|
16323 | |
---|
16324 | |
---|
16325 | |
---|
16326 | |
---|
16327 | |
---|
16328 | |
---|
16329 | |
---|
16330 | |
---|
16331 | |
---|
16332 | |
---|
16333 | |
---|
16334 | <p>Alternatively, with <b>use_ug_for_galilei_tr</b> |
---|
16335 | = <i>.F</i>., |
---|
16336 | the |
---|
16337 | geostrophic wind can be replaced as translation speed by the (volume) |
---|
16338 | averaged velocity. However, in this case the user must be aware of fast |
---|
16339 | growing gravity waves, so this |
---|
16340 | choice is usually not recommended!</p> |
---|
16341 | |
---|
16342 | |
---|
16343 | |
---|
16344 | |
---|
16345 | |
---|
16346 | |
---|
16347 | </td> |
---|
16348 | |
---|
16349 | |
---|
16350 | |
---|
16351 | |
---|
16352 | |
---|
16353 | |
---|
16354 | </tr> |
---|
16355 | |
---|
16356 | |
---|
16357 | |
---|
16358 | |
---|
16359 | |
---|
16360 | |
---|
16361 | <tr> |
---|
16362 | |
---|
16363 | |
---|
16364 | |
---|
16365 | |
---|
16366 | |
---|
16367 | |
---|
16368 | <td align="left" valign="top"><a name="use_upstream_for_tke"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">use_upstream_for_tke</span></td> |
---|
16369 | |
---|
16370 | |
---|
16371 | |
---|
16372 | |
---|
16373 | |
---|
16374 | |
---|
16375 | <td align="left" valign="top">L</td> |
---|
16376 | |
---|
16377 | |
---|
16378 | |
---|
16379 | |
---|
16380 | |
---|
16381 | |
---|
16382 | <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-style: italic;">.F.</span></td> |
---|
16383 | |
---|
16384 | |
---|
16385 | |
---|
16386 | |
---|
16387 | |
---|
16388 | |
---|
16389 | <td align="left" valign="top">Parameter to choose the |
---|
16390 | advection/timestep scheme to be used for the subgrid-scale TKE.<br> |
---|
16391 | |
---|
16392 | |
---|
16393 | |
---|
16394 | |
---|
16395 | |
---|
16396 | |
---|
16397 | <br> |
---|
16398 | |
---|
16399 | |
---|
16400 | |
---|
16401 | |
---|
16402 | |
---|
16403 | |
---|
16404 | By |
---|
16405 | default, the advection scheme and the timestep scheme to be used for |
---|
16406 | the subgrid-scale TKE are set by the initialization parameters <a href="#scalar_advec">scalar_advec</a> and <a href="#timestep_scheme">timestep_scheme</a>, |
---|
16407 | respectively. <span style="font-weight: bold;">use_upstream_for_tke</span> |
---|
16408 | = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> |
---|
16409 | forces the Euler-scheme and the upstream-scheme to be used as timestep |
---|
16410 | scheme and advection scheme, respectively. By these methods, the strong |
---|
16411 | (artificial) near-surface vertical gradients of the subgrid-scale TKE |
---|
16412 | are significantly reduced. This is required when subgrid-scale |
---|
16413 | velocities are used for advection of particles (see particle package |
---|
16414 | parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#use_sgs_for_particles">use_sgs_for_particles</a>).</td> |
---|
16415 | |
---|
16416 | |
---|
16417 | |
---|
16418 | |
---|
16419 | |
---|
16420 | |
---|
16421 | </tr> |
---|
16422 | |
---|
16423 | |
---|
16424 | |
---|
16425 | |
---|
16426 | |
---|
16427 | |
---|
16428 | <tr><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="v_bulk"></a>v_bulk</span></td><td style="vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span></td><td>v-component of the predefined bulk velocity (in m/s).<br><br>This parameter comes into effect if <a href="chapter_4.1.html#conserve_volume_flow">conserve_volume_flow</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">.T.</span> and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#conserve_volume_flow_mode">conserve_volume_flow_mode</a> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'bulk_velocity'</span>.</td></tr><tr> |
---|
16429 | |
---|
16430 | |
---|
16431 | |
---|
16432 | |
---|
16433 | |
---|
16434 | |
---|
16435 | |
---|
16436 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
16437 | |
---|
16438 | |
---|
16439 | |
---|
16440 | |
---|
16441 | |
---|
16442 | |
---|
16443 | <p><a name="vg_surface"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_surface</span></p> |
---|
16444 | |
---|
16445 | |
---|
16446 | |
---|
16447 | |
---|
16448 | |
---|
16449 | |
---|
16450 | |
---|
16451 | </td> |
---|
16452 | |
---|
16453 | |
---|
16454 | |
---|
16455 | |
---|
16456 | |
---|
16457 | |
---|
16458 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R<br> |
---|
16459 | |
---|
16460 | |
---|
16461 | |
---|
16462 | |
---|
16463 | |
---|
16464 | |
---|
16465 | </td> |
---|
16466 | |
---|
16467 | |
---|
16468 | |
---|
16469 | |
---|
16470 | |
---|
16471 | |
---|
16472 | |
---|
16473 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
---|
16474 | |
---|
16475 | |
---|
16476 | |
---|
16477 | |
---|
16478 | |
---|
16479 | |
---|
16480 | </td> |
---|
16481 | |
---|
16482 | |
---|
16483 | |
---|
16484 | |
---|
16485 | |
---|
16486 | |
---|
16487 | |
---|
16488 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">v-component of the |
---|
16489 | geostrophic |
---|
16490 | wind at the surface (in m/s).<br> |
---|
16491 | |
---|
16492 | |
---|
16493 | |
---|
16494 | |
---|
16495 | |
---|
16496 | |
---|
16497 | <br> |
---|
16498 | |
---|
16499 | |
---|
16500 | |
---|
16501 | |
---|
16502 | |
---|
16503 | |
---|
16504 | |
---|
16505 | This parameter assigns the value of the v-component of the geostrophic |
---|
16506 | wind (vg) at the surface (k=0). Starting from this value, the initial |
---|
16507 | vertical profile of the <br> |
---|
16508 | |
---|
16509 | |
---|
16510 | |
---|
16511 | |
---|
16512 | |
---|
16513 | |
---|
16514 | |
---|
16515 | v-component of the geostrophic wind is constructed with <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
16516 | and <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
16517 | The |
---|
16518 | profile |
---|
16519 | constructed in that way is used for creating the initial vertical |
---|
16520 | velocity profile of the 3d-model. Either it is applied, as it has been |
---|
16521 | specified by the user (<a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
16522 | = 'set_constant_profiles') |
---|
16523 | or it is used for calculating a stationary boundary layer wind profile |
---|
16524 | (<a href="#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a> |
---|
16525 | = |
---|
16526 | 'set_1d-model_profiles'). If vg is constant |
---|
16527 | with height (i.e. vg(k)=<span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_surface</span>) |
---|
16528 | and has a large value, it is |
---|
16529 | recommended to use a Galilei-transformation of the coordinate system, |
---|
16530 | if possible (see <a href="#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>), |
---|
16531 | in order to obtain larger |
---|
16532 | time steps.<br> |
---|
16533 | |
---|
16534 | |
---|
16535 | |
---|
16536 | |
---|
16537 | |
---|
16538 | |
---|
16539 | <br> |
---|
16540 | |
---|
16541 | |
---|
16542 | |
---|
16543 | |
---|
16544 | |
---|
16545 | |
---|
16546 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
16547 | |
---|
16548 | |
---|
16549 | |
---|
16550 | |
---|
16551 | |
---|
16552 | |
---|
16553 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
---|
16554 | this parameter gives the geostrophic velocity value (i.e. the pressure gradient) at the sea surface, which is |
---|
16555 | at k=nzt. The profile is then constructed from the surface down to the |
---|
16556 | bottom of the model.</td> |
---|
16557 | |
---|
16558 | |
---|
16559 | |
---|
16560 | |
---|
16561 | |
---|
16562 | |
---|
16563 | </tr> |
---|
16564 | |
---|
16565 | |
---|
16566 | |
---|
16567 | |
---|
16568 | |
---|
16569 | |
---|
16570 | <tr> |
---|
16571 | |
---|
16572 | |
---|
16573 | |
---|
16574 | |
---|
16575 | |
---|
16576 | |
---|
16577 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
16578 | |
---|
16579 | |
---|
16580 | |
---|
16581 | |
---|
16582 | |
---|
16583 | |
---|
16584 | <p><a name="vg_vertical_gradient"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient</span></p> |
---|
16585 | |
---|
16586 | |
---|
16587 | |
---|
16588 | |
---|
16589 | |
---|
16590 | |
---|
16591 | |
---|
16592 | </td> |
---|
16593 | |
---|
16594 | |
---|
16595 | |
---|
16596 | |
---|
16597 | |
---|
16598 | |
---|
16599 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br> |
---|
16600 | |
---|
16601 | |
---|
16602 | |
---|
16603 | |
---|
16604 | |
---|
16605 | |
---|
16606 | |
---|
16607 | </td> |
---|
16608 | |
---|
16609 | |
---|
16610 | |
---|
16611 | |
---|
16612 | |
---|
16613 | |
---|
16614 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 |
---|
16615 | * 0.0</span><br> |
---|
16616 | |
---|
16617 | |
---|
16618 | |
---|
16619 | |
---|
16620 | |
---|
16621 | |
---|
16622 | </td> |
---|
16623 | |
---|
16624 | |
---|
16625 | |
---|
16626 | |
---|
16627 | |
---|
16628 | |
---|
16629 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Gradient(s) of the initial |
---|
16630 | profile of the v-component of the geostrophic wind (in |
---|
16631 | 1/100s).<br> |
---|
16632 | |
---|
16633 | |
---|
16634 | |
---|
16635 | |
---|
16636 | |
---|
16637 | |
---|
16638 | <br> |
---|
16639 | |
---|
16640 | |
---|
16641 | |
---|
16642 | |
---|
16643 | |
---|
16644 | |
---|
16645 | |
---|
16646 | The gradient holds starting from the height level defined by <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
16647 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) |
---|
16648 | > <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>, |
---|
16649 | vg(k) is set: vg(k) = vg(k-1) + dzu(k) |
---|
16650 | * <span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient</span>) |
---|
16651 | up to |
---|
16652 | the top boundary or up to the next height |
---|
16653 | level defined by <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
16654 | A total of 10 different |
---|
16655 | gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals if <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient_level">vg_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
---|
16656 | = |
---|
16657 | 0.0) can be assigned. The surface |
---|
16658 | geostrophic wind is assigned by <a href="#vg_surface">vg_surface</a>.<br> |
---|
16659 | |
---|
16660 | |
---|
16661 | |
---|
16662 | |
---|
16663 | |
---|
16664 | |
---|
16665 | <br> |
---|
16666 | |
---|
16667 | |
---|
16668 | |
---|
16669 | |
---|
16670 | |
---|
16671 | |
---|
16672 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
16673 | |
---|
16674 | |
---|
16675 | |
---|
16676 | |
---|
16677 | |
---|
16678 | |
---|
16679 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), |
---|
16680 | the profile is constructed like described above, but starting from the |
---|
16681 | sea surface (k=nzt) down to the bottom boundary of the model. Height |
---|
16682 | levels have then to be given as negative values, e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient_level</span> = <span style="font-style: italic;">-500.0</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">-1000.0</span>.</td> |
---|
16683 | |
---|
16684 | |
---|
16685 | |
---|
16686 | |
---|
16687 | |
---|
16688 | |
---|
16689 | |
---|
16690 | </tr> |
---|
16691 | |
---|
16692 | |
---|
16693 | |
---|
16694 | |
---|
16695 | |
---|
16696 | |
---|
16697 | <tr> |
---|
16698 | |
---|
16699 | |
---|
16700 | |
---|
16701 | |
---|
16702 | |
---|
16703 | |
---|
16704 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
16705 | |
---|
16706 | |
---|
16707 | |
---|
16708 | |
---|
16709 | |
---|
16710 | |
---|
16711 | <p><a name="vg_vertical_gradient_level"></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">vg_vertical_gradient_level</span></p> |
---|
16712 | |
---|
16713 | |
---|
16714 | |
---|
16715 | |
---|
16716 | |
---|
16717 | |
---|
16718 | |
---|
16719 | </td> |
---|
16720 | |
---|
16721 | |
---|
16722 | |
---|
16723 | |
---|
16724 | |
---|
16725 | |
---|
16726 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(10)<br> |
---|
16727 | |
---|
16728 | |
---|
16729 | |
---|
16730 | |
---|
16731 | |
---|
16732 | |
---|
16733 | |
---|
16734 | </td> |
---|
16735 | |
---|
16736 | |
---|
16737 | |
---|
16738 | |
---|
16739 | |
---|
16740 | |
---|
16741 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">10 |
---|
16742 | * 0.0</span><br> |
---|
16743 | |
---|
16744 | |
---|
16745 | |
---|
16746 | |
---|
16747 | |
---|
16748 | |
---|
16749 | </td> |
---|
16750 | |
---|
16751 | |
---|
16752 | |
---|
16753 | |
---|
16754 | |
---|
16755 | |
---|
16756 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">Height level from which on the |
---|
16757 | gradient defined by <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
16758 | is effective (in m).<br> |
---|
16759 | |
---|
16760 | |
---|
16761 | |
---|
16762 | |
---|
16763 | |
---|
16764 | |
---|
16765 | <br> |
---|
16766 | |
---|
16767 | |
---|
16768 | |
---|
16769 | |
---|
16770 | |
---|
16771 | |
---|
16772 | |
---|
16773 | The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. For the |
---|
16774 | piecewise construction of a profile of the v-component of the |
---|
16775 | geostrophic wind component (vg) see <a href="#vg_vertical_gradient">vg_vertical_gradient</a>.<br> |
---|
16776 | |
---|
16777 | |
---|
16778 | |
---|
16779 | |
---|
16780 | |
---|
16781 | |
---|
16782 | <br> |
---|
16783 | |
---|
16784 | |
---|
16785 | |
---|
16786 | |
---|
16787 | |
---|
16788 | |
---|
16789 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
16790 | |
---|
16791 | |
---|
16792 | |
---|
16793 | |
---|
16794 | |
---|
16795 | |
---|
16796 | In case of ocean runs (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a>), the (negative) height levels have to be assigned in descending order.</td> |
---|
16797 | |
---|
16798 | |
---|
16799 | |
---|
16800 | |
---|
16801 | |
---|
16802 | |
---|
16803 | |
---|
16804 | </tr> |
---|
16805 | |
---|
16806 | |
---|
16807 | |
---|
16808 | |
---|
16809 | |
---|
16810 | |
---|
16811 | <tr> |
---|
16812 | |
---|
16813 | |
---|
16814 | |
---|
16815 | |
---|
16816 | |
---|
16817 | |
---|
16818 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
16819 | |
---|
16820 | |
---|
16821 | |
---|
16822 | |
---|
16823 | |
---|
16824 | |
---|
16825 | <p><a name="wall_adjustment"></a><b>wall_adjustment</b></p> |
---|
16826 | |
---|
16827 | |
---|
16828 | |
---|
16829 | |
---|
16830 | |
---|
16831 | |
---|
16832 | |
---|
16833 | </td> |
---|
16834 | |
---|
16835 | |
---|
16836 | |
---|
16837 | |
---|
16838 | |
---|
16839 | |
---|
16840 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">L</td> |
---|
16841 | |
---|
16842 | |
---|
16843 | |
---|
16844 | |
---|
16845 | |
---|
16846 | |
---|
16847 | |
---|
16848 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>.T.</i></td> |
---|
16849 | |
---|
16850 | |
---|
16851 | |
---|
16852 | |
---|
16853 | |
---|
16854 | |
---|
16855 | |
---|
16856 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
16857 | |
---|
16858 | |
---|
16859 | |
---|
16860 | |
---|
16861 | |
---|
16862 | |
---|
16863 | <p>Parameter to |
---|
16864 | restrict the mixing length in the vicinity of the |
---|
16865 | bottom |
---|
16866 | boundary (and near vertical walls of a non-flat <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a>). </p> |
---|
16867 | |
---|
16868 | |
---|
16869 | |
---|
16870 | |
---|
16871 | |
---|
16872 | |
---|
16873 | |
---|
16874 | |
---|
16875 | |
---|
16876 | |
---|
16877 | |
---|
16878 | |
---|
16879 | |
---|
16880 | <p>With <b>wall_adjustment</b> |
---|
16881 | = <i>.TRUE., </i>the mixing |
---|
16882 | length is limited to a maximum of 1.8 * z. This condition |
---|
16883 | typically affects only the |
---|
16884 | first grid points above the bottom boundary.</p> |
---|
16885 | |
---|
16886 | |
---|
16887 | |
---|
16888 | |
---|
16889 | <p>In case of a non-flat <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a> the respective horizontal distance from vertical walls is used.</p> |
---|
16890 | |
---|
16891 | |
---|
16892 | |
---|
16893 | |
---|
16894 | |
---|
16895 | |
---|
16896 | </td> |
---|
16897 | |
---|
16898 | |
---|
16899 | |
---|
16900 | |
---|
16901 | |
---|
16902 | |
---|
16903 | </tr> |
---|
16904 | |
---|
16905 | |
---|
16906 | |
---|
16907 | |
---|
16908 | |
---|
16909 | |
---|
16910 | |
---|
16911 | <tr> |
---|
16912 | |
---|
16913 | |
---|
16914 | |
---|
16915 | |
---|
16916 | |
---|
16917 | |
---|
16918 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="wall_heatflux"></a>wall_heatflux</span></td> |
---|
16919 | |
---|
16920 | |
---|
16921 | |
---|
16922 | |
---|
16923 | |
---|
16924 | |
---|
16925 | |
---|
16926 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(5)</td> |
---|
16927 | |
---|
16928 | |
---|
16929 | |
---|
16930 | |
---|
16931 | |
---|
16932 | |
---|
16933 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">5 * 0.0</span></td> |
---|
16934 | |
---|
16935 | |
---|
16936 | |
---|
16937 | |
---|
16938 | |
---|
16939 | |
---|
16940 | <td>Prescribed |
---|
16941 | kinematic sensible heat flux in K m/s |
---|
16942 | at the five topography faces:<br> |
---|
16943 | |
---|
16944 | |
---|
16945 | |
---|
16946 | |
---|
16947 | |
---|
16948 | |
---|
16949 | <br> |
---|
16950 | |
---|
16951 | |
---|
16952 | |
---|
16953 | |
---|
16954 | |
---|
16955 | |
---|
16956 | |
---|
16957 | |
---|
16958 | |
---|
16959 | |
---|
16960 | |
---|
16961 | |
---|
16962 | |
---|
16963 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(0) |
---|
16964 | </span>top face<br> |
---|
16965 | |
---|
16966 | |
---|
16967 | |
---|
16968 | |
---|
16969 | |
---|
16970 | |
---|
16971 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(1) |
---|
16972 | </span>left face<br> |
---|
16973 | |
---|
16974 | |
---|
16975 | |
---|
16976 | |
---|
16977 | |
---|
16978 | |
---|
16979 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(2) |
---|
16980 | </span>right face<br> |
---|
16981 | |
---|
16982 | |
---|
16983 | |
---|
16984 | |
---|
16985 | |
---|
16986 | |
---|
16987 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(3) |
---|
16988 | </span>south face<br> |
---|
16989 | |
---|
16990 | |
---|
16991 | |
---|
16992 | |
---|
16993 | |
---|
16994 | |
---|
16995 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(4) |
---|
16996 | </span>north face</div> |
---|
16997 | |
---|
16998 | |
---|
16999 | |
---|
17000 | |
---|
17001 | |
---|
17002 | |
---|
17003 | <br> |
---|
17004 | |
---|
17005 | |
---|
17006 | |
---|
17007 | |
---|
17008 | |
---|
17009 | |
---|
17010 | |
---|
17011 | This parameter applies only in case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a>. The |
---|
17012 | parameter <a href="#random_heatflux">random_heatflux</a> |
---|
17013 | can be used to impose random perturbations on the internal |
---|
17014 | two-dimensional surface heat |
---|
17015 | flux field <span style="font-style: italic;">shf</span> |
---|
17016 | that is composed of <a href="#surface_heatflux">surface_heatflux</a> |
---|
17017 | at the bottom surface and <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_heatflux(0)</span> |
---|
17018 | at the topography top face. </td> |
---|
17019 | |
---|
17020 | |
---|
17021 | |
---|
17022 | |
---|
17023 | |
---|
17024 | |
---|
17025 | </tr> |
---|
17026 | |
---|
17027 | |
---|
17028 | |
---|
17029 | |
---|
17030 | <tr> |
---|
17031 | |
---|
17032 | |
---|
17033 | |
---|
17034 | |
---|
17035 | |
---|
17036 | |
---|
17037 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="wall_humidityflux"></a>wall_humidityflux</span></td> |
---|
17038 | |
---|
17039 | |
---|
17040 | |
---|
17041 | |
---|
17042 | |
---|
17043 | |
---|
17044 | |
---|
17045 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(5)</td> |
---|
17046 | |
---|
17047 | |
---|
17048 | |
---|
17049 | |
---|
17050 | |
---|
17051 | |
---|
17052 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">5 * 0.0</span></td> |
---|
17053 | |
---|
17054 | |
---|
17055 | |
---|
17056 | |
---|
17057 | |
---|
17058 | |
---|
17059 | <td>Prescribed |
---|
17060 | kinematic humidity flux in m/s |
---|
17061 | at the five topography faces:<br> |
---|
17062 | |
---|
17063 | |
---|
17064 | |
---|
17065 | |
---|
17066 | |
---|
17067 | |
---|
17068 | <br> |
---|
17069 | |
---|
17070 | |
---|
17071 | |
---|
17072 | |
---|
17073 | |
---|
17074 | |
---|
17075 | |
---|
17076 | |
---|
17077 | |
---|
17078 | |
---|
17079 | |
---|
17080 | |
---|
17081 | |
---|
17082 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_humidityflux(0) |
---|
17083 | </span>top face<br> |
---|
17084 | |
---|
17085 | |
---|
17086 | |
---|
17087 | |
---|
17088 | |
---|
17089 | |
---|
17090 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_humidityflux(1) |
---|
17091 | </span>left face<br> |
---|
17092 | |
---|
17093 | |
---|
17094 | |
---|
17095 | |
---|
17096 | |
---|
17097 | |
---|
17098 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_humidityflux(2) |
---|
17099 | </span>right face<br> |
---|
17100 | |
---|
17101 | |
---|
17102 | |
---|
17103 | |
---|
17104 | |
---|
17105 | |
---|
17106 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_humidityflux(3) |
---|
17107 | </span>south face<br> |
---|
17108 | |
---|
17109 | |
---|
17110 | |
---|
17111 | |
---|
17112 | |
---|
17113 | |
---|
17114 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_humidityflux(4) |
---|
17115 | </span>north face</div> |
---|
17116 | |
---|
17117 | |
---|
17118 | |
---|
17119 | |
---|
17120 | |
---|
17121 | |
---|
17122 | <br> |
---|
17123 | |
---|
17124 | |
---|
17125 | |
---|
17126 | |
---|
17127 | |
---|
17128 | |
---|
17129 | |
---|
17130 | This parameter applies only in case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a> and <a href="#humidity">humidity</a> = .T. |
---|
17131 | </td> |
---|
17132 | |
---|
17133 | |
---|
17134 | |
---|
17135 | |
---|
17136 | |
---|
17137 | |
---|
17138 | </tr> |
---|
17139 | |
---|
17140 | |
---|
17141 | <tr> |
---|
17142 | |
---|
17143 | |
---|
17144 | |
---|
17145 | |
---|
17146 | |
---|
17147 | |
---|
17148 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><a name="wall_scalarflux"></a>wall_scalarflux</span></td> |
---|
17149 | |
---|
17150 | |
---|
17151 | |
---|
17152 | |
---|
17153 | |
---|
17154 | |
---|
17155 | |
---|
17156 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R(5)</td> |
---|
17157 | |
---|
17158 | |
---|
17159 | |
---|
17160 | |
---|
17161 | |
---|
17162 | |
---|
17163 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span style="font-style: italic;">5 * 0.0</span></td> |
---|
17164 | |
---|
17165 | |
---|
17166 | |
---|
17167 | |
---|
17168 | |
---|
17169 | |
---|
17170 | <td>Prescribed scalar flux in kg/(m<sup>2</sup> s) |
---|
17171 | at the five topography faces:<br> |
---|
17172 | |
---|
17173 | |
---|
17174 | |
---|
17175 | |
---|
17176 | |
---|
17177 | |
---|
17178 | <br> |
---|
17179 | |
---|
17180 | |
---|
17181 | |
---|
17182 | |
---|
17183 | |
---|
17184 | |
---|
17185 | |
---|
17186 | |
---|
17187 | |
---|
17188 | |
---|
17189 | |
---|
17190 | |
---|
17191 | |
---|
17192 | <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_scalarflux(0) |
---|
17193 | </span>top face<br> |
---|
17194 | |
---|
17195 | |
---|
17196 | |
---|
17197 | |
---|
17198 | |
---|
17199 | |
---|
17200 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_scalarflux(1) |
---|
17201 | </span>left face<br> |
---|
17202 | |
---|
17203 | |
---|
17204 | |
---|
17205 | |
---|
17206 | |
---|
17207 | |
---|
17208 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_scalarflux(2) |
---|
17209 | </span>right face<br> |
---|
17210 | |
---|
17211 | |
---|
17212 | |
---|
17213 | |
---|
17214 | |
---|
17215 | |
---|
17216 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_scalarflux(3) |
---|
17217 | </span>south face<br> |
---|
17218 | |
---|
17219 | |
---|
17220 | |
---|
17221 | |
---|
17222 | |
---|
17223 | |
---|
17224 | <span style="font-weight: bold;">wall_scalarflux(4) |
---|
17225 | </span>north face</div> |
---|
17226 | |
---|
17227 | |
---|
17228 | |
---|
17229 | |
---|
17230 | |
---|
17231 | |
---|
17232 | <br> |
---|
17233 | |
---|
17234 | |
---|
17235 | |
---|
17236 | |
---|
17237 | |
---|
17238 | |
---|
17239 | |
---|
17240 | This parameter applies only in case of a non-flat <a href="#topography">topography</a> and <a href="#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a> = .T. |
---|
17241 | </td> |
---|
17242 | |
---|
17243 | |
---|
17244 | |
---|
17245 | |
---|
17246 | |
---|
17247 | |
---|
17248 | </tr> |
---|
17249 | |
---|
17250 | |
---|
17251 | |
---|
17252 | |
---|
17253 | <tr> |
---|
17254 | |
---|
17255 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
17256 | |
---|
17257 | <p><a name="ws_vertical_gradient"></a><b>ws_vertical_gradient</b></p> |
---|
17258 | |
---|
17259 | </td> |
---|
17260 | |
---|
17261 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
17262 | |
---|
17263 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"><i>10 * 0.0</i></td> |
---|
17264 | |
---|
17265 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
17266 | |
---|
17267 | <p>Gradient(s) of the profile for the large scale subsidence/ascent velocity |
---|
17268 | (in (m/s) / 100 m). </p> |
---|
17269 | |
---|
17270 | <p>This gradient holds starting from the height |
---|
17271 | level defined by <a href="#ws_vertical_gradient_level">ws_vertical_gradient_level</a> |
---|
17272 | (precisely: for all uv levels k where zu(k) > |
---|
17273 | ws_vertical_gradient_level, |
---|
17274 | w_subs(k) is set: w_subs(k) = w_subs(k-1) + dzu(k) * <b>ws_vertical_gradient</b>) |
---|
17275 | up to the top boundary or up to the next height level defined |
---|
17276 | by <a href="#ws_vertical_gradient_level">ws_vertical_gradient_level</a>. |
---|
17277 | A total of 10 different gradients for 11 height intervals (10 intervals |
---|
17278 | if <a href="#ws_vertical_gradient_level">ws_vertical_gradient_level</a>(1) |
---|
17279 | = <i>0.0</i>) can be assigned. |
---|
17280 | </p> |
---|
17281 | |
---|
17282 | <p>Example: </p> |
---|
17283 | |
---|
17284 | <ul> |
---|
17285 | |
---|
17286 | <p><b>ws_vertical_gradient</b> |
---|
17287 | = <i>-0.002</i>, <i>0.0</i>, <br> |
---|
17288 | |
---|
17289 | <b>ws_vertical_gradient_level</b> = <i>0.0</i>, |
---|
17290 | <i>1000.0</i>,</p> |
---|
17291 | |
---|
17292 | </ul> |
---|
17293 | |
---|
17294 | <p>That defines the subsidence/ascent profile to be linear up |
---|
17295 | to z = 1000.0 m with a surface value of 0 m/s. |
---|
17296 | For z > 1000.0 m up to the top boundary the gradient is <i>0.0</i> (m/s) / 100 m |
---|
17297 | (it is assumed that the assigned height levels correspond |
---|
17298 | with uv levels).</p> |
---|
17299 | |
---|
17300 | <p>With an appropriate construction of w_subs the height of the boundary layer z_i |
---|
17301 | can be kept approximately constant.</p> |
---|
17302 | |
---|
17303 | <p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Attention:</span><br> |
---|
17304 | |
---|
17305 | The large scale vertical motion is only applied to the prognostic equation for the scalar quantities (potential |
---|
17306 | temperature, humidity if <a href="chapter_4.1.html#humidity">humidity</a> = .T. or passive scalar if <a href="chapter_4.1.html#passive_scalar">passive_scalar</a> = .T.) because it cannot be applied to the momentum equations due to incompressibility. |
---|
17307 | Thus, the model is not mass consistent.</p> |
---|
17308 | |
---|
17309 | |
---|
17310 | </td> |
---|
17311 | |
---|
17312 | </tr> |
---|
17313 | |
---|
17314 | |
---|
17315 | |
---|
17316 | |
---|
17317 | <tr> |
---|
17318 | |
---|
17319 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
17320 | |
---|
17321 | <p><a name="ws_vertical_gradient_level"></a><b>ws_vertical_gradient</b> |
---|
17322 | <br><b>_level</b></p> |
---|
17323 | |
---|
17324 | </td> |
---|
17325 | |
---|
17326 | <td style="vertical-align: top;">R (10)</td> |
---|
17327 | |
---|
17328 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
17329 | |
---|
17330 | <p><i>10 *</i> |
---|
17331 | <span style="font-style: italic;">0.0</span><br> |
---|
17332 | </p> |
---|
17333 | |
---|
17334 | </td> |
---|
17335 | |
---|
17336 | |
---|
17337 | <td style="vertical-align: top;"> |
---|
17338 | |
---|
17339 | <p>Height level from which on the gradient for the subsidence/ascent velocity defined by |
---|
17340 | <a href="#ws_vertical_gradient">ws_vertical_gradient</a> |
---|
17341 | is effective (in m). </p> |
---|
17342 | |
---|
17343 | <p>The height levels have to be assigned in ascending order. The |
---|
17344 | default values result in a profile which is zero everywhere regardless of the |
---|
17345 | values of <a href="#ws_vertical_gradient">ws_vertical_gradient</a>. |
---|
17346 | For the piecewise construction of the subsidence/ascent velocity profile see <a href="#ws_vertical_gradient">ws_vertical_gradient</a>.</p> |
---|
17347 | </td> |
---|
17348 | |
---|
17349 | </tr> |
---|
17350 | |
---|
17351 | |
---|
17352 | |
---|
17353 | </tbody> |
---|
17354 | </table> |
---|
17355 | |
---|
17356 | |
---|
17357 | |
---|
17358 | |
---|
17359 | |
---|
17360 | |
---|
17361 | <br> |
---|
17362 | |
---|
17363 | |
---|
17364 | |
---|
17365 | |
---|
17366 | |
---|
17367 | |
---|
17368 | |
---|
17369 | <p style="line-height: 100%;"><br> |
---|
17370 | |
---|
17371 | |
---|
17372 | |
---|
17373 | |
---|
17374 | |
---|
17375 | |
---|
17376 | <font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_4.0.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik1" src="left.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="index.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik2" src="up.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_4.2.html"><font color="#000080"><img name="Grafik3" src="right.gif" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a></font></font></p> |
---|
17377 | |
---|
17378 | |
---|
17379 | |
---|
17380 | |
---|
17381 | |
---|
17382 | |
---|
17383 | |
---|
17384 | <p style="line-height: 100%;"><i>Last |
---|
17385 | change: </i> $Id: chapter_4.1.html 555 2010-09-07 07:32:53Z raasch $ </p> |
---|
17386 | |
---|
17387 | |
---|
17388 | |
---|
17389 | |
---|
17390 | |
---|
17391 | |
---|
17392 | |
---|
17393 | <br> |
---|
17394 | |
---|
17395 | |
---|
17396 | |
---|
17397 | |
---|
17398 | |
---|
17399 | |
---|
17400 | <br> |
---|
17401 | |
---|
17402 | |
---|
17403 | |
---|
17404 | |
---|
17405 | |
---|
17406 | |
---|
17407 | |
---|
17408 | </body></html> |
---|