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Last change on this file since 798 was 359, checked in by letzel, 15 years ago
Bugfix for extended NetCDF files: In order to avoid 'data mode' errors if updated attributes are larger than their original size, NF90_PUT_ATT is called in 'define mode' enclosed by NF90_REDEF and NF90_ENDDEF calls. This implies a possible performance loss; an alternative strategy would be to ensure equal attribute size in a job chain. (netcdf) Changed: For extended NetCDF files, the updated title attribute includes an update of time_average_text where appropriate. (netcdf) Bugfix: correction of initial volume flow for non-flat topography (init_3d_model) Bugfix: zero initialization of arrays within buildings for 'cyclic_fill' (init_3d_model) New: MPI debug option (mrun) Documentation updates: topography file format (chapter 3.5.4) NC identifier range expanded to 444 (appendix_a)
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File size: 105.2 KB

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1	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
2	<html><head>
3
4
5
6	<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type">
7
8
9	<title>PALM chapter 3.4</title></head>
10	<body>
11
12
13	<h3 style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">3.4
14	Input and
15	output files</font></h3>
16
17
18	<p style="line-height: 100%;"></p>
19
20
21	<p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">The
22	model works
23	with a set of files, which are all located in the temporary working
24	directory and which are either expected at the beginning of the run
25	(the so-called input files) or which are
26	produced during the run and/or at the end of the simulation (output
27	files).</font><font color="#800000">
28	<font color="#000000">The following table lists all
29	default files
30	addressed by the model. They are arranged according to the
31	associated FORTRAN unit (unit number).</font> </font><font color="#000000">The
32	unit 90 is used for different files, which are opened only briefly
33	and uniquely in the model and closed directly afterwards.
34	Unit numbers 101 - 109, 111 - 113, and 116 refer to data files
35	which have NetCDF format.
36	These are not opened by a FORTRAN-OPEN-statement but by a corresponding
37	NetCDF call (NF90_CREATE or NF90_OPEN). These files are only created on
38	machines where a NetCDF library is available.<br>
39
40
41	</font></p>
42
43
44	<p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">The
45	file
46	names described in the list correspond to the names indicated in the
47	respective OPEN instruction, i.e. the files are expected and saved
48	under these names in the temporary working directory of the model. By
49	default, file names are always written in capital letters. The
50	third column indicates whether it is an input or output file (I
51	and/or O). The NetCDF files can be both input and output files (I/O).
52	If restart jobs shall append data to an existing NetCDF file (created
53	by a previous job of the job chain), the respective file has to be
54	given as an input file (see also <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter
55	4.5.1</a> which gives more details about the PALM-NetCDF-output).</font>
56	</p>
57
58
59	<p style="line-height: 100%;"> </p>
60
61
62	<p style="line-height: 100%;"><font color="#000000">On
63	parallel
64	computers many of the files are read and/or written by the central
65	processing element 0 (PE0) only. These files have processor-independent
66	content (and therefore they can be read or written by other
67	PEs just as well). However, certain files have processor-dependent
68	content. For the binary output of data for restart runs (local file
69	<a href="#BINOUT">BINOUT</a>),
70	for example, <font color="#000000">each PE outputs only
71	the data of
72	its subdomain. So each processing element writes
73	into its own file with its own file name. These files lie in a
74	subdirectory of the temporary working directory. Their names are build
75	off from the underline ("_ ") and the four digit
76	processor ID. The data written for restart runs would be e.g. on the
77	files BINOUT/_0000 (PE0), BINOUT/_0001 (PE1), BINOUT/_0002 (PE2) etc.
78	Such files, which have processor-dependent content on parallel
79	computers, are marked in the following list by the fact, that to the
80	file name a line (”/“) is attached. If appropriate
81	output
82	files are to be copied through <b>mrun</b> to permanent
83	files, and/or
84	files with processor-dependent content are supposed to be copied as
85	input files into the temporary working directory of the model, you have
86	to indicate a special file attribute in the appropriate file
87	connection statement </font>(see <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/mrun_beschreibung.html#arpe">arpe</a>,
88	<a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/mrun_beschreibung.html#flpe">flpe</a>
89	<font color="#000000">in the <b>mrun </b>description).</font><font color="#800000">
90	</font><font color="#000000">Then the permanent file
91	name will be
92	interpreted as a directory name, in which the input files are
93	expected and/or to which output files are written. The file names in
94	these directories are always named _0000, _0001, _0002 etc. </font>
95	</font></p>
96
97
98	<p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">For
99	internal use,
100	the model may open a set of further files, which are not
101	defined by the user but contain no usable information and
102	therefore are not included in this list.</font></font></p>
103	<p><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
104
105	<a name="coupled"></a>In case of <a href="chapter_3.8.html">coupled</a> atmosphere-ocean
106	runs (see <a href="chapter_3.8.html">chapter 3.8</a>),
107	both the atmosphere and the </font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><a href="chapter_4.1.html#ocean">ocean</a> executable use
108	the same temporary working directory. However, each executable requires its own, unique set of files for I/O. In order to
109	distinguish between atmosphere and ocean files, coupled </font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">atmosphere-ocean
110	</font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">runs use the </font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">following
111	filename convention</font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">. </font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">The
112	atmosphere executable uses the set of normal filenames given in the
113	table below. The ocean executable uses a set of modified filenames that
114	have the string '_O' added to their normal name. The coupled
115	ocean filenames are given in brackets in the table below where
116	applicable. The string '_O' is simply appended </font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">to most
117	filenames</font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">; exceptions are highlighted in bold face. (<span style="font-weight: bold;">Note:</span> uncoupled
118	ocean runs use the normal set of filenames without '_O'.)</font></font></p>
119	<p></p>
120	<font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
121
122	<br>
123
124
125	</font>
126	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
127
128
129	<tbody>
130
131
132	<tr valign="top">
133
134
135	<td width="8%">
136
137	<p><font size="4"><b>Unit</b></font></p>
138
139
140	</td>
141
142
143	<td width="12%">
144
145	<p><font size="4"><b>Name</b></font></p>
146
147
148	</td>
149
150
151	<td width="4%">
152
153	<p><font size="4"><b>I/O</b></font></p>
154
155
156	</td>
157
158
159	<td width="9%">
160
161	<p><font size="4"><b>Format</b></font></p>
162
163
164	</td>
165
166
167	<td colspan="1" width="67%">
168
169	<p><font size="4"><b>Description/contents</b></font></p>
170
171
172	</td>
173
174
175	</tr>
176
177
178	<tr valign="top">
179
180
181	<td style="text-align: center;" width="8%"> 11<br>
182
183
184	</td>
185
186
187	<td width="12%">
188
189	<p><a name="PARIN"></a>PARIN<br>
190
191
192	(PARIN_O)</p>
193
194
195	</td>
196
197
198	<td width="4%">
199
200	<p align="center">I</p>
201
202
203	</td>
204
205
206	<td style="width: 9%;">
207
208	<p>ASCII/  <br>
209
210
211	NAMELIST</p>
212
213
214	</td>
215
216
217	<td colspan="1" width="67%">
218
219	<p><font color="#000000">Parameter
220	for model steering. This file
221	is needed by the model in each case. Its content and structure is
222	described in detail in</font> <a href="chapter_4.0.html">chapter
223	4.0</a>. <a href="chapter_4.4.1.html">Chapter
224	4.4.1</a> <font color="#000000">shows a simple
225	example. </font> </p>
226
227
228	</td>
229
230
231	</tr>
232
233
234	<tr valign="top">
235
236
237	<td style="text-align: center;" width="8%">
238
239	<p align="center">13</p>
240
241
242	</td>
243
244
245	<td width="12%">
246
247	<p><a name="BININ"></a>BININ/<br>
248
249
250	(BININ<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>/)</p>
251
252
253	</td>
254
255
256	<td width="4%">
257
258	<p align="center">I</p>
259
260
261	</td>
262
263
264	<td width="9%">
265
266	<p>Binary</p>
267
268
269	</td>
270
271
272	<td colspan="1" width="67%">
273
274	<p>Binary data,
275	which are read in by the model at the beginning
276	of a restart run (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
277	3.3</a>). The appropriate file must have been written by the
278	preceding
279	job of the job chain (see <a href="#BINOUT">BINOUT</a>).
280	This file contains the initial parameters (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html">chapter
281	4.1</a>) of the job chain, arrays of the prognostic and
282	diagnostic
283	variables as well as those parameters and variables for plots of
284	horizontally averaged vertical profiles (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>),
285	which have been determined by the job chain so far. Concerning runs on
286	several processors it has to be noted that each processing element
287	reads its own file and the file content is processor-dependent. The
288	number of processors which can be used must not be changed during a job
289	chain and/or if a job chain is continued.  </p>
290
291
292
293	<p>Knowledge
294	of the file structure is usually not necessary,
295	because the file is produced and also read again by the model, but it
296	can be useful for error determination in case of read errors .
297	Therefore the file structure is described in the following.  </p>
298
299
300
301	<p>The first record of this file contains a version number
302	(ten
303	character string) of the subroutine, which, which output the data that
304	follows (write_var_list.f90). This number has to
305	agree with the version number subroutine which is reading the file
306	(read_var_list.f90) in case of a restart run. Otherwise the model run
307	is aborted. Version numbers are changed whenever new code revisions
308	require a change of the file format.  </p>
309
310
311
312	<p>Starting
313	from the second record, all initial parameters follow
314	(exception: <a href="chapter_4.1.html#initializing_actions">initializing_actions</a>),
315	whereby each parameter fills two records. In the first record the name
316	of the parameter is saved as a character string (30 characters long,
317	short names are filled by trailing blanks, longer names are cut off at
318	the end), in the second record the value (or the values) of the
319	parameter follow. The sequence of parameters on the file may be
320	arbitrary, however the first and second variable must be <a href="chapter_4.1.html#nz">nz</a>
321	and <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>.
322	If a variable with unknown name is found the model run is
323	aborted.  </p>
324
325
326
327	<p>At the end of the initial
328	parameters a record with the string "<i>***
329	end ***</i>"follows (filled up with trailing blanks up to a
330	length of
331	30 characters).  </p>
332
333
334
335	<p>Afterwards the fields
336	of the prognostic and diagnostic
337	variables follow. This part of the file also begins with a record
338	consisting of a character string of length 10, which contains the
339	version number of the subroutine that wrote the arrays that follow
340	(write_3d_binary.f90). It must agree with the number of the reading
341	subroutine (read_3d_binary.f90).  </p>
342
343
344
345	<p>The
346	following record contains the number of processors which
347	were used in the model run producing this file, the processor ID of the
348	special processor, which creates the file, as well as the lower and
349	upper array indices of the subdomain belonging to this processing
350	element. If no complete agreement with the values of the current model
351	run exists, then this is aborted. This examination must be made in
352	particular on parallel computers, because the jobs of a job chain
353	always have to use the same number of processors and the same virtual
354	processor grid.  </p>
355
356
357
358	<p>After these tests the
359	individual arrays as well as parameters
360	and variables for plots of horizontally averaged vertical profiles
361	follow. Like the initialization parameters, they consist of two
362	records. In the first record, the name of the array or the variable
363	(character string, consisting of 20 characters, filled with trailing
364	blanks) is located, in the second one its values follow. The sequence
365	of the individual variables may be arbitrary again. The parameters for
366	the plot and the respective variables are only read in if for the run
367	parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#use_prior_plot1d_parameters">use_prior_plot1d_parameters</a>
368	= <i>.TRUE</i> is selected, otherwise they will be
369	skipped.  </p>
370
371
372
373	<p>At the end of the file there
374	has to be a record with the
375	character string "<span style="font-style: italic;"></span><i>***
376	end
377	***</i>"(filled up with trailing blanks up to a length of 20
378	characters).</p>
379
380
381	</td>
382
383
384	</tr>
385
386
387	<tr valign="top">
388
389
390	<td style="text-align: center;" width="8%">
391
392	<p align="center">14</p>
393
394
395	</td>
396
397
398	<td width="12%">
399
400	<p><a name="BINOUT"></a>BINOUT/<br>
401
402
403	(BINOUT<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>/)</p>
404
405
406	</td>
407
408
409	<td width="4%">
410
411	<p align="center">O</p>
412
413
414	</td>
415
416
417	<td width="9%">
418
419	<p>Binary</p>
420
421
422	</td>
423
424
425	<td colspan="1" width="67%">
426
427	<p>Binary data,
428	which are written by the model at the end of the
429	run and possibly needed by restart runs (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
430	3.3</a>) for the initialization. This output file is then read in
431	as
432	file <a href="#BININ">BININ</a>.
433	It contains the initial parameters (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html">chapter
434	4.1</a>) of the model run, arrays of the prognostic and
435	diagnostic
436	variables as well as those parameters determined so far during a job
437	chain and variables for plots of horizontally averaged vertical
438	profiles (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>).
439	With runs on several processors it has to be noted that each processing
440	element writes its own file and the file content is
441	processor-dependent. A specification of the file format can be found in
442	the
443	description of the file <a href="#BININ">BININ</a>.
444	</p>
445
446
447
448	<p>The file BINOUT is written by the model only if,
449	with the help
450	of the <b>mrun</b>-configuration file, the <font face="Thorndale, serif">value</font> <span style="font-family: monospace;">true</span> is
451	assigned for the
452	environment
453	variable <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: monospace;">write_binary</span>
454	(see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
455	3.3</a>).  </p>
456
457
458
459	<p>With large grid point
460	numbers the file BINOUT (or the
461	files residing in directory BINOUT/) will be very large and should
462	be stored (if available) on the archive system of the remote computer.</p>
463
464
465	</td>
466
467
468	</tr>
469
470
471	<tr>
472
473
474	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">15<br>
475
476
477	</td>
478
479
480	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="RUN_CONTROL"></a>RUN_CONTROL<br>
481
482
483	(RUN_CONTROL_O)</td>
484
485
486	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O</td>
487
488
489	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii</td>
490
491
492	<td colspan="1" width="67%">
493
494	<p>This file contains
495	the so-called time step control output of
496	the model. At certain temporal intervals, which are described by the
497	run
498	parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt_run_control">dt_run_control</a>,
499	a line with the values of certain control parameters is written into
500	this
501	file. Additionally, such a control line is always written, whenever the
502	time step of the model changes. All data and quantities always refer to
503	the entire model domain.  </p>
504
505
506
507	<p>If the
508	1D-model is switched on for the initialization of the
509	3D-models, then control lines are likewise written into this file at
510	certain temporal intervals (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt_run_control_1d">dt_run_control_1d</a>).
511	</p>
512
513
514
515	<p>By default, the file RUN_CONTROL only lists
516	information
517	about the selected model parameters at the beginning of the
518	initial run. These informations are written at the beginnning of a run.
519	They correspond to those of the file <a href="#HEADER">HEADER</a>
520	(however without data concerning the consumed CPU time, because these
521	are
522	only known at the end of a run). With the run parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#force_print_header">force_print_header</a>
523	it can be achieved that this information is also written at the
524	beginning of the file RUN_CONTROL at restart runs.  </p>
525
526
527
528	<p>The individual columns of the 1D - time step control
529	output
530	have the following meaning (listed by the respective heading of the
531	appropriate
532	column in the file):  <br>
533
534
535	</p>
536
537
538
539	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
540
541
542	<tbody>
543
544
545	<tr>
546
547
548	<td style="vertical-align: top;">ITER.</td>
549
550
551	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Number of
552	time steps
553	accomplished so far</td>
554
555
556	</tr>
557
558
559	<tr>
560
561
562	<td style="vertical-align: top;">HH:MM:SS</td>
563
564
565	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Time (in
566	hours: minutes:
567	seconds)</td>
568
569
570	</tr>
571
572
573	<tr>
574
575
576	<td style="vertical-align: top;">DT</td>
577
578
579	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Time step (in
580	s)</td>
581
582
583	</tr>
584
585
586	<tr>
587
588
589	<td style="vertical-align: top;">UMAX</td>
590
591
592	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
593	absolute wind
594	velocity
595	(u-component) (in m/s)</td>
596
597
598	</tr>
599
600
601	<tr>
602
603
604	<td style="vertical-align: top;">VMAX</td>
605
606
607	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
608	absolute wind
609	velocity
610	(v-component) (in m/s)</td>
611
612
613	</tr>
614
615
616	<tr>
617
618
619	<td style="vertical-align: top;">U *</td>
620
621
622	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Friction
623	velocity (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s)</td>
624
625
626	</tr>
627
628
629	<tr>
630
631
632	<td style="vertical-align: top;">ALPHA</td>
633
634
635	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Angle of the
636	wind vector
637	(to the x-axis) at the top of the
638	Prandtl layer (k=1) (<font color="#000000">in </font>degrees)</td>
639
640
641	</tr>
642
643
644	<tr>
645
646
647	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">ENERG.</td>
648
649
650	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Kinetic
651	energy of the
652	1D-model (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>),
653	averaged over all grid points</td>
654
655
656	</tr>
657
658
659
660	</tbody>
661
662	</table>
663
664
665
666	<p>
667	The individual columns of the 3D - time step control output
668	have the following meaning (listed by the respective heading of the
669	appropriate
670	column in the file):<br>
671
672
673	</p>
674
675
676
677	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
678
679
680	<tbody>
681
682
683	<tr>
684
685
686	<td style="vertical-align: top;">RUN</td>
687
688
689	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Serial-number
690	of the job
691	in the job chain. The initial
692	run has the number 0, restart runs accordingly have larger numbers.</td>
693
694
695	</tr>
696
697
698	<tr>
699
700
701	<td style="vertical-align: top;">ITER.</td>
702
703
704	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Number of
705	time steps
706	accomplished since starting time t=0 of
707	the initial run.</td>
708
709
710	</tr>
711
712
713	<tr>
714
715
716	<td style="vertical-align: top;">HH:MM:SS</td>
717
718
719	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Time (<font color="#000000">in </font>hours: minutes:
720	seconds) since starting time t=0 of the
721	initial run.</td>
722
723
724	</tr>
725
726
727	<tr>
728
729
730	<td style="vertical-align: top;">DT (E)</td>
731
732
733	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Time step (<font color="#000000">in </font>s). The
734	following character indicates whether the
735	time
736	step is limited by the advection criterion (A) or the diffusion
737	criterion (D). After changes of the time step a further character
738	follows,
739	which indicates with which time step procedure the changed time step
740	was accomplished (<span style="font-family: monospace;">L:</span>
741	Leapfrog, <span style="font-family: monospace;">E:</span>
742	Euler). This
743	does
744	not apply for the default Runge-Kutta timestep scheme.</td>
745
746
747	</tr>
748
749
750	<tr>
751
752
753	<td style="vertical-align: top;">UMAX</td>
754
755
756	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
757	absolute wind
758	velocity (u-component) (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).
759	If at
760	the
761	appropriate output time a random disturbance was added to the
762	horizontal velocity field (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>),
763	the character D will appear directly after the velocity value.</td>
764
765
766	</tr>
767
768
769	<tr>
770
771
772	<td style="vertical-align: top;">VMAX</td>
773
774
775	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
776	absolute wind
777	velocity (v-component) (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).
778	If at
779	the
780	appropriate output time a random disturbance was added to the
781	horizontal velocity field (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#create_disturbances">create_disturbances</a>),
782	the character D will appear directly after the velocity value.</td>
783
784
785	</tr>
786
787
788	<tr>
789
790
791	<td style="vertical-align: top;">WMAX</td>
792
793
794	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Maximum
795	absolute wind
796	velocity (w-component) (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).</td>
797
798
799	</tr>
800
801
802	<tr>
803
804
805	<td style="vertical-align: top;">U
806	*</td>
807
808
809	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Horizontal
810	average of the
811	friction velocity (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).</td>
812
813
814	</tr>
815
816
817	<tr>
818
819
820	<td style="vertical-align: top;">W
821	*</td>
822
823
824	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Convective
825	velocity scale
826	(<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s). The assumed
827	boundary layer
828	height is determined via the heat flux minimum criterion.</td>
829
830
831	</tr>
832
833
834	<tr>
835
836
837	<td style="vertical-align: top;">THETA *</td>
838
839
840	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Characteristic
841	temperature
842	of the Prandtl - layer (<font color="#000000">in </font>K).</td>
843
844
845	</tr>
846
847
848	<tr>
849
850
851	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Z_I</td>
852
853
854	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Height of the
855	convective
856	boundary layer (<font color="#000000">in </font>m),
857	determined via
858	the criterion of the heat flux minimum.</td>
859
860
861	</tr>
862
863
864	<tr>
865
866
867	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">ENERG.</td>
868
869
870	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Average
871	resolved total
872	energy of the flow field (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>),
873	normalized with the total number of grid points.</td>
874
875
876	</tr>
877
878
879	<tr>
880
881
882	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">DISTENERG</td>
883
884
885	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Average
886	resolved
887	disturbance energy of flow field (<font color="#000000">in
888	</font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>),
889	normalized with the total number of grid points.</td>
890
891
892	</tr>
893
894
895	<tr>
896
897
898	<td style="vertical-align: top;">DIVOLD</td>
899
900
901	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">Divergence
902	of the velocity field (sum of
903	the absolute values) (</font><font color="#000000">in
904	</font><font color="#000000">1/s) before
905	call of the
906	pressure solver,
907	normalized with the total number of grid points.</font></td>
908
909
910	</tr>
911
912
913	<tr>
914
915
916	<td style="vertical-align: top;">DIVNEW</td>
917
918
919	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">Divergence
920	of the velocity field (sum of
921	the absolute values) (</font><font color="#000000">in
922	</font><font color="#000000">1/s) after
923	call of the
924	pressure solver, normalized</font>
925	with the total number of grid points.</td>
926
927
928	</tr>
929
930
931	<tr>
932
933
934	<td style="vertical-align: top;">UMAX (KJI)</td>
935
936
937	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Indices of
938	the grid point
939	with the maximum absolute
940	u-component of the wind velocity (sequence: k, j, i).</td>
941
942
943	</tr>
944
945
946	<tr>
947
948
949	<td style="vertical-align: top;">VMAX (KJI)</td>
950
951
952	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Indices of
953	the grid point
954	with the maximum absolute
955	v-component of the wind velocity (sequence: k, j, i).</td>
956
957
958	</tr>
959
960
961	<tr>
962
963
964	<td style="vertical-align: top;">WMAX (KJI)</td>
965
966
967	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Indices of
968	the grid point
969	with the maximum absolute
970	w-component of the wind velocity (sequence: k, j, i).</td>
971
972
973	</tr>
974
975
976	<tr>
977
978
979	<td style="vertical-align: top;">ADVECX</td>
980
981
982	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance (<font color="#000000">in </font>km) the
983	coordinate system has been moved in
984	x-direction with Galilei-Transformation switched on (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>).</td>
985
986
987	</tr>
988
989
990	<tr>
991
992
993	<td style="vertical-align: top;">ADVECY</td>
994
995
996	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Distance (<font color="#000000">in </font>km) the
997	coordinate system has been moved in
998	y-direction with Galilei-Transformation switched on (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#galilei_transformation">galilei_transformation</a>).</td>
999
1000
1001	</tr>
1002
1003
1004
1005	</tbody>
1006
1007	</table>
1008
1009
1010	</td>
1011
1012
1013	</tr>
1014
1015
1016	<tr>
1017
1018
1019	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">16<br>
1020
1021
1022	</td>
1023
1024
1025	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="LIST_PROFIL"></a>LIST_PROFIL<br>
1026
1027
1028	(LIST_PROFIL_O) </td>
1029
1030
1031	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
1032
1033
1034	</td>
1035
1036
1037	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii<br>
1038
1039
1040	</td>
1041
1042
1043	<td style="vertical-align: top;">This file contains
1044	horizontally
1045	(and possibly temporally)
1046	averaged vertical profiles of some model variables. The quantities
1047	saved are set model-internally and can not be determined by the user.
1048	At each output time (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopr_listing">dt_dopr_listing</a>)
1049	two tables are written to the file consecutively. The first contains
1050	variables which are defined on the scalar / u-v-grid-levels, the
1051	second table contains variables which are defined on the w-grid-levels.
1052	If subdomains were defined with the initialization parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions </a>for
1053	additional statistic evaluation, then the tables
1054	described above are written for each individual subdomain. The name of
1055	the respective subdomain (see <a href="chapter_4.3.html#region">region</a>)
1056	appears in the header of the respective table. <br>
1057
1058
1059	In each case the tables consist of a header, followed by the
1060	profiles arranged next to each other in columns. The header contains
1061	some basic information of the respective run (model version, run
1062	identifier consisting of
1063	basic file name and number of the job in the job chain, executing
1064	computer, date, time of the beginning of the run, name of the
1065	subdomain, output time, kind of averaging). On the u-v-level the
1066	following columns are written: <br>
1067
1068
1069
1070	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
1071
1072
1073	<tbody>
1074
1075
1076	<tr>
1077
1078
1079	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">k<br>
1080
1081
1082	</td>
1083
1084
1085	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Vertical
1086	grid point index.</td>
1087
1088
1089	</tr>
1090
1091
1092	<tr>
1093
1094
1095	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">zu<br>
1096
1097
1098	</td>
1099
1100
1101	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Height
1102	of the grid point
1103	level (<font color="#000000">in </font>m).</td>
1104
1105
1106	</tr>
1107
1108
1109	<tr>
1110
1111
1112	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">u<br>
1113
1114
1115	</td>
1116
1117
1118	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">u-component
1119	of the wind
1120	velocity (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).</td>
1121
1122
1123	</tr>
1124
1125
1126	<tr>
1127
1128
1129	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">du<br>
1130
1131
1132	</td>
1133
1134
1135	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Deviation
1136	of the
1137	u-component from the initial profile at the
1138	time t=0 (initialization profile) (<font color="#000000">in
1139	</font>m/s).</td>
1140
1141
1142	</tr>
1143
1144
1145	<tr>
1146
1147
1148	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">v<br>
1149
1150
1151	</td>
1152
1153
1154	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">v-component
1155	of the wind
1156	velocity (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).</td>
1157
1158
1159	</tr>
1160
1161
1162	<tr>
1163
1164
1165	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">dv<br>
1166
1167
1168	</td>
1169
1170
1171	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Deviation
1172	of the
1173	v-component from the initial profile at the
1174	time t=0 (initialization profile) (<font color="#000000">in
1175	</font>m/s).</td>
1176
1177
1178	</tr>
1179
1180
1181	<tr>
1182
1183
1184	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">pt
1185	<br>
1186
1187
1188	</td>
1189
1190
1191	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Potential
1192	temperature (<font color="#000000">in </font>K).</td>
1193
1194
1195	</tr>
1196
1197
1198	<tr>
1199
1200
1201	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">dpt<br>
1202
1203
1204	</td>
1205
1206
1207	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Deviation
1208	of potential
1209	temperature from the initial profile at
1210	the time t=0 (initialization profile) (<font color="#000000">in
1211	</font>K).</td>
1212
1213
1214	</tr>
1215
1216
1217	<tr>
1218
1219
1220	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">e<br>
1221
1222
1223	</td>
1224
1225
1226	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
1227	kinetic energy
1228	(subgrid-scale) (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
1229
1230
1231	</tr>
1232
1233
1234	<tr>
1235
1236
1237	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Km<br>
1238
1239
1240	</td>
1241
1242
1243	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
1244	diffusion
1245	coefficient for momentum (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
1246
1247
1248	</tr>
1249
1250
1251	<tr>
1252
1253
1254	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Kh<br>
1255
1256
1257	</td>
1258
1259
1260	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
1261	diffusion
1262	coefficient for heat (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
1263
1264
1265	</tr>
1266
1267
1268	<tr>
1269
1270
1271	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">l<br>
1272
1273
1274	</td>
1275
1276
1277	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Mixing
1278	length (<font color="#000000">in </font>m).</td>
1279
1280
1281	</tr>
1282
1283
1284	<tr>
1285
1286
1287	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
1288
1289
1290	</td>
1291
1292
1293	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
1294
1295
1296	</td>
1297
1298
1299	</tr>
1300
1301
1302
1303	</tbody>
1304
1305	</table>
1306
1307
1308	On the w-level the following columns are written:<br>
1309
1310
1311	<br>
1312
1313
1314
1315	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
1316
1317
1318	<tbody>
1319
1320
1321	<tr>
1322
1323
1324	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">k<br>
1325
1326
1327	</td>
1328
1329
1330	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">Vertical
1331	grid point
1332	index.</td>
1333
1334
1335	</tr>
1336
1337
1338	<tr>
1339
1340
1341	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">zw<br>
1342
1343
1344	</td>
1345
1346
1347	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">Height of
1348	the grid
1349	point
1350	level (<font color="#000000">in </font>m).</td>
1351
1352
1353	</tr>
1354
1355
1356	<tr>
1357
1358
1359	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">w'pt'</td>
1360
1361
1362	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">Vertical
1363	subgrid-scale
1364	kinematic heat flux (<font color="#000000">in </font>K
1365	m/s).</td>
1366
1367
1368	</tr>
1369
1370
1371	<tr>
1372
1373
1374	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">wpt</td>
1375
1376
1377	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">Vertical
1378	total (
1379	subgrid-scale + resolved)
1380	kinematic heat flux (<font color="#000000">in </font>K
1381	m/s).</td>
1382
1383
1384	</tr>
1385
1386
1387	<tr>
1388
1389
1390	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">w'u'</td>
1391
1392
1393	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">u-component
1394	of the
1395	vertical subgrid-scale momentum flux (<font color="#000000">in
1396	</font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
1397
1398
1399	</tr>
1400
1401
1402	<tr>
1403
1404
1405	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">wu</td>
1406
1407
1408	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">u-component
1409	of the
1410	total
1411	vertical momentum flux (
1412	subgrid-scale + resolved) (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
1413
1414
1415	</tr>
1416
1417
1418	<tr>
1419
1420
1421	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">w'v'</td>
1422
1423
1424	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">v-component
1425	of the
1426	vertical subgrid-scale momentum flux (<font color="#000000">in
1427	</font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
1428
1429
1430	</tr>
1431
1432
1433	<tr>
1434
1435
1436	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">wv</td>
1437
1438
1439	<td style="vertical-align: middle;">v-component
1440	of the
1441	total
1442	vertical momentum flux (
1443	subgrid-scale + resolved) (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
1444
1445
1446	</tr>
1447
1448
1449
1450	</tbody>
1451
1452	</table>
1453
1454
1455	<br>
1456
1457
1458	</td>
1459
1460
1461	</tr>
1462
1463
1464	<tr>
1465
1466
1467	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">17
1468	</td>
1469
1470
1471	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="LIST_PROFIL_1D"></a>LIST_PROFIL_1D<br>
1472
1473
1474	(LIST_PROFIL_1D_O)</td>
1475
1476
1477	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
1478
1479
1480	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td>
1481
1482
1483	<td style="vertical-align: top;">This file contains
1484	the vertical
1485	profiles calculated by the
1486	1D-model within initial runs. The quantities saved are set
1487	model-internally and cannot be determined by the user. At the
1488	respective output times (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dt_pr_1d">dt_pr_1d</a>)
1489	a table with the following information is written to the file: The
1490	table header contains some basic information of the respective run
1491	(model version, run identifier consisting of basic file name and number
1492	of the job in the
1493	job chain (this number should always be 00, because the 1D-model is
1494	only switched on at initial runs), executing computer, date,
1495	time of the beginning of the run, output time). Afterwards the
1496	following columns appear:<br>
1497
1498
1499
1500	<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" cellpadding="2">
1501
1502
1503	<tbody>
1504
1505
1506	<tr>
1507
1508
1509	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">k<br>
1510
1511
1512	</td>
1513
1514
1515	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Vertical
1516	grid point index.</td>
1517
1518
1519	</tr>
1520
1521
1522	<tr>
1523
1524
1525	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">zu<br>
1526
1527
1528	</td>
1529
1530
1531	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Height
1532	of the grid point
1533	level (<font color="#000000">in </font>m).</td>
1534
1535
1536	</tr>
1537
1538
1539	<tr>
1540
1541
1542	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">u<br>
1543
1544
1545	</td>
1546
1547
1548	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">u-component
1549	of the wind
1550	velocity (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).</td>
1551
1552
1553	</tr>
1554
1555
1556	<tr>
1557
1558
1559	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">v<br>
1560
1561
1562	</td>
1563
1564
1565	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">v-component
1566	of the wind
1567	velocity (<font color="#000000">in </font>m/s).</td>
1568
1569
1570	</tr>
1571
1572
1573	<tr>
1574
1575
1576	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">pt<br>
1577
1578
1579	</td>
1580
1581
1582	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Potential
1583	temperature (<font color="#000000">in </font>K).</td>
1584
1585
1586	</tr>
1587
1588
1589	<tr>
1590
1591
1592	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">e<br>
1593
1594
1595	</td>
1596
1597
1598	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
1599	kinetic energy (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>).</td>
1600
1601
1602	</tr>
1603
1604
1605	<tr>
1606
1607
1608	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">rif<br>
1609
1610
1611	</td>
1612
1613
1614	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Flux
1615	Richardson number</td>
1616
1617
1618	</tr>
1619
1620
1621	<tr>
1622
1623
1624	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Km<br>
1625
1626
1627	</td>
1628
1629
1630	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
1631	diffusion
1632	coefficient for momentum (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
1633
1634
1635	</tr>
1636
1637
1638	<tr>
1639
1640
1641	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Kh<br>
1642
1643
1644	</td>
1645
1646
1647	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">Turbulent
1648	diffusion
1649	coefficient for heat (<font color="#000000">in </font>m<sup>2</sup>/s).</td>
1650
1651
1652	</tr>
1653
1654
1655	<tr>
1656
1657
1658	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;">l<br>
1659
1660
1661	</td>
1662
1663
1664	<td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"><font color="#000000">Mixing
1665	length (</font><font color="#000000">in </font><font color="#000000">m).</font></td>
1666
1667
1668	</tr>
1669
1670
1671
1672	</tbody>
1673
1674	</table>
1675
1676
1677	<br>
1678
1679
1680	</td>
1681
1682
1683	</tr>
1684
1685
1686	<tr>
1687
1688
1689	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">18
1690	</td>
1691
1692
1693	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="CPU_MEASURES"></a>CPU_MEASURES<br>
1694
1695
1696	(CPU_MEASURES_O)</td>
1697
1698
1699	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
1700
1701
1702	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td>
1703
1704
1705	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Time measurements
1706	are
1707	accomplished through the subroutine <span style="font-family: monospace;">cpu_log.f90.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span> The file
1708	CPU_MEASURES contains a header with some basic information of the
1709	respective run
1710	(model version, run identifier consisting of basic file name and
1711	number of the job in the job chain, executing computer, date, time of
1712	the beginning of the run) and afterwards two tables with data of CPU
1713	times which have been consumed by certain model parts. The model parts
1714	analyzed in the first table do not overlap and the CPU times needed for
1715	them therefore approximately add up to the “total”
1716	value given in the
1717	first line of this table. In the second table (heading: special
1718	measures) overlaps (in particular with the parts described in the first
1719	table) are possible.  <br>
1720
1721
1722	For each model part it is indicated in the following columns how much
1723	CPU time was needed (absolutely and relative), and how often it was
1724	called.  With runs on several processors the average values of
1725	all
1726	processors are indicated. In the case of parallel runs information for
1727	those processors with the largest and smallest CPU time follow as
1728	well as the standard deviation of all PEs from the average value. With
1729	good
1730	parallelization the CPU times on the individual processors should
1731	differ only little from each other and the standard deviation should be
1732	small.  </td>
1733
1734
1735	</tr>
1736
1737
1738	<tr>
1739
1740
1741	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">19
1742	</td>
1743
1744
1745	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="HEADER"></a>HEADER<br>
1746
1747
1748	(HEADER_O) </td>
1749
1750
1751	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
1752
1753
1754	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td>
1755
1756
1757	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
1758
1759	<p>Information about
1760	the selected model parameters (physical and
1761	numerical values) as well as general information about the
1762	run.  </p>
1763
1764
1765
1766	<p>This file contains the values of
1767	all important steering
1768	parameters
1769	(numerical procedures, computing grid and model dimensions, boundary
1770	conditions, physical dimension, turbulence quantities, actions during
1771	the simulation, 1D-model-parameters) as well as data concerning the
1772	selected plot and list outputs. The headlines of the file list the
1773	program version used, date and time of the beginning of the run, the
1774	name of the executing computer, the run identifier (corresponds to the
1775	selected base file name) and the number of the run (number of the
1776	restart run). With parallel runs the number of processors as well as
1777	the assigned virtual processor net also appear. After these headlines
1778	run time and time step information appear (point of starting time,
1779	related to t=0 of the initial run, end-time, time actually reached, CPU
1780	time, etc.). If a model run is incorrectly terminated (e.g.
1781	run time error or excess of the permitted CPU time), information over
1782	the time reached and the necessary CPU time is missing (to understand:
1783	the file HEADER is written twice by the model; once briefly after
1784	beginning of the simulation (naturally here the information over the
1785	time reached is missing etc.) and then briefly before the normal end of
1786	the simulation. The second, now complete output overwrites the first
1787	output.).  </p>
1788
1789
1790
1791	<p>At the end of the file,
1792	information about the values of user
1793	parameters (see <a href="chapter_3.7.html">chapter
1794	3.7</a> and <a href="targetliste:chapter_1.0.html#chapter%204.3">chapter
1795	4.3</a>) can be output by the user with the help of the
1796	subroutine <tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">user_header</font></tt>
1797	(located in
1798	the file <tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">user_interface.f90</font></tt>).
1799	If no user parameters were found, the string “<tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">*** no user-defined
1800	variables found</font></tt>”
1801	appears at the end of the file.
1802	If user parameters were indicated, the string “<tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">user-defined
1803	variables and actions</font></tt>”
1804	is printed, followed by informations about the user-defined subdomains
1805	for which
1806	profiles and time series are output. All further information to appear
1807	here, must be provided by the user (by appropriate
1808	WRITE statements in <tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">user_header</font></tt>).</p>
1809
1810
1811	</td>
1812
1813
1814	</tr>
1815
1816
1817	<tr>
1818
1819
1820	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">21
1821	</td>
1822
1823
1824	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XY"></a>PLOT2D_XY<br>
1825
1826
1827	(PLOT2D_XY_O)</td>
1828
1829
1830	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
1831
1832
1833	</td>
1834
1835
1836	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
1837
1838
1839	</td>
1840
1841
1842	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
1843
1844	<p>This file
1845	contains data of the two-dimensional horizontal
1846	cross sections written by the model (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
1847	in a format readable by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">ISO2D</a>
1848	(the first record contains the coordinate information <tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">dx</font></tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">, </font><tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">eta</font></tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">, </font><tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">hu</font></tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">, <tt>ho</tt></font>,
1849	then
1850	the individual arrays follow). The data are visualized with the help of
1851	ISO2D using
1852	NAMELIST - parameter sets, which are directly written by the model to
1853	the
1854	local files <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</a>
1855	and <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>.
1856	</p>
1857
1858
1859
1860	<p>With parallel runs and choice of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_2d_on_each_pe">data_output_2d_on_each_pe</a>
1861	= <i>.T.</i> each processing element writes the data of
1862	its subdomain
1863	to a separate file with the name
1864	PLOT2D_XY_<processor-Id>,
1865	whereby <processor-Id> is a four digit number (e.g.
1866	PLOT2D_XY_0000). These files are not suitable for ISO2D, but after the
1867	end
1868	of the model run they can be combined to one file readable by ISO2D
1869	with
1870	the help of the program <tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">combine_plot_fields.x</font></tt>.
1871	This tool expects the files of the individual processing
1872	elements under the names described above and outputs the combined file
1873	under the name PLOT2D_XY. Usually it is called by an appropriate OUTPUT
1874	- command (OC:) in the MRUN-configuration file. The tool writes
1875	informative messages about the actions accomplished into the job
1876	protocol (e.g., even if no files were found).
1877	By the call of <tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">combine_plot_fields.x</font></tt>
1878	possibly existing files of the other cross sections (xz and/or yz)
1879	and three-dimensional arrays (see <a href="#PLOT3D_DATA">PLOT3D_DATA</a>)
1880	are also combined.  </p>
1881
1882
1883
1884	<p>Further information
1885	about the output of plots of
1886	two-dimensional cross sections is found in the description of the run
1887	parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>.</p>
1888
1889
1890	</td>
1891
1892
1893	</tr>
1894
1895
1896	<tr>
1897
1898
1899	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">22<br>
1900
1901
1902	</td>
1903
1904
1905	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XZ"></a>PLOT2D_XZ<br>
1906
1907
1908	(PLOT2D_XZ_O) </td>
1909
1910
1911	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
1912
1913
1914	</td>
1915
1916
1917	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
1918
1919
1920	</td>
1921
1922
1923	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
1924
1925	<p>This file contains
1926	the data of the xz
1927	cross sections written by the model.  </p>
1928
1929
1930	The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY">PLOT2D_XY</a>
1931	applies to this file, respectively </td>
1932
1933
1934	</tr>
1935
1936
1937	<tr>
1938
1939
1940	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">23<br>
1941
1942
1943	</td>
1944
1945
1946	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_YZ"></a>PLOT2D_YZ<br>
1947
1948
1949	<font color="#000000">(PLOT2D_YZ_O)</font></td>
1950
1951
1952	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
1953
1954
1955	</td>
1956
1957
1958	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
1959
1960
1961	</td>
1962
1963
1964	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
1965
1966	<p>This file contains
1967	the data of the xz
1968	cross sections written by the model.  </p>
1969
1970
1971	The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY">PLOT2D_XY</a>
1972	applies to this file, respectively </td>
1973
1974
1975	</tr>
1976
1977
1978	<tr>
1979
1980
1981	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">27<br>
1982
1983
1984	</td>
1985
1986
1987	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL"></a>PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL<br>
1988
1989
1990	(PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL_O)</td>
1991
1992
1993	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
1994
1995
1996	</td>
1997
1998
1999	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/ NAMELIST<br>
2000
2001
2002	</td>
2003
2004
2005	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
2006
2007	<p>NAMELIST -
2008	parameter sets, with which the plot layout of the
2009	data in the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY">PLOT2D_XY</a>
2010	can be steered, if they are visualized with the plot program <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">ISO2D</a>.
2011	This file contains the so-called local parameter set (NAMELIST - group
2012	name: &LOCAL) required by ISO2D (one parameter set for each
2013	field
2014	present at the file PLOT2D_XY). After the model run these parameter
2015	sets can be edited by the user, if neccessary.  </p>
2016
2017
2018
2019	<p>Additionally
2020	ISO2D still needs another so-called global
2021	parameter set. This is saved by the model to the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</a>.
2022	Due to the fact that ISO2D expects global and local parameter sets on
2023	one and the same
2024	file, in fact the global parameter set first, the user has to append
2025	the
2026	contents of the file PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL to the file PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL
2027	before the call of ISO2D (e.g. by an OUTPUT-command in the
2028	MRUN-configuration file: “PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL >>
2029	PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL”).
2030	This relatively pedantic proceeding is due to the fact that the model
2031	can produce the file PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL only at the end of the simulation
2032	(only then e.g. when the final value of the global ISO2D - parameter <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html#PLANZ">planz</a>
2033	is known), while the local parameter sets are written continuously
2034	to the file PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL during the run.</p>
2035
2036
2037	</td>
2038
2039
2040	</tr>
2041
2042
2043	<tr>
2044
2045
2046	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">28<br>
2047
2048
2049	</td>
2050
2051
2052	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL"></a>PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL<br>
2053
2054
2055	<font color="#000000">(PLOT2D_XZ_LOCAL_O)</font>
2056	</td>
2057
2058
2059	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
2060
2061
2062	</td>
2063
2064
2065	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/ NAMELIST<br>
2066
2067
2068	</td>
2069
2070
2071	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
2072
2073	<p>NAMELIST -
2074	parameter sets, with which the plot layout of the
2075	data in the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XZ">PLOT2D_XZ</a>
2076	can be steered, if they are visualized with the plot program <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">ISO2D</a>.
2077	</p>
2078
2079
2080
2081	<p>The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>
2082	applies to this file, respectively. </p>
2083
2084
2085	</td>
2086
2087
2088	</tr>
2089
2090
2091	<tr>
2092
2093
2094	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">29<br>
2095
2096
2097	</td>
2098
2099
2100	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL"></a>PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL<br>
2101
2102
2103	<font color="#000000">(PLOT2D_YZ_LOCAL_O)</font></td>
2104
2105
2106	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
2107
2108
2109	</td>
2110
2111
2112	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/ NAMELIST<br>
2113
2114
2115	</td>
2116
2117
2118	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
2119
2120	<p>NAMELIST -
2121	parameter sets, with which the plot layout of the
2122	data in the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_YZ">PLOT2D_YZ</a>
2123	can be steered, if they are visualized with the plot program <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">ISO2D</a>.
2124	</p>
2125
2126
2127
2128	<p>The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>
2129	applies to this file, respectively. </p>
2130
2131
2132	</td>
2133
2134
2135	</tr>
2136
2137
2138	<tr>
2139
2140
2141	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">30<br>
2142
2143
2144	</td>
2145
2146
2147	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT3D_DATA"></a>PLOT3D_DATA<br>
2148
2149
2150	(PLOT3D_DATA_O) </td>
2151
2152
2153	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
2154
2155
2156	</td>
2157
2158
2159	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
2160
2161
2162	</td>
2163
2164
2165	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
2166
2167	<p>This file contains
2168	the data of the three-dimensional arrays
2169	(see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
2170	written by the model in a format readable for the visualization
2171	software AVS. Beyond that AVS
2172	needs coordinate information, which are output into the
2173	local file <a href="#PLOT3D_COOR">PLOT3D_COOR</a>,
2174	as well as the local files <a href="#PLOT3D_FLD">PLOT3D_FLD</a>
2175	and <a href="#PLOT3D_FLD_COOR">PLOT3D_FLD_COOR</a>,
2176	which describe the structure of the files PLOT3D_DATA and PLOT3D_COOR
2177	in the so-called AVS-FLD-format. Due to
2178	the fact that AVS expects these information in only one (so-called FLD
2179	-) file, the content of the file PLOT3D_FLD_COOR must be appended to
2180	the file PLOT3D_FLD by the user after the end of the model run (e.g.
2181	with an appropriate OUTPUT - command in the MRUN - configuration file: "<span style="font-family: monospace;">cat PLOT3D_FLD_COOR
2182	>> PLOT3D_FLD</span>").  </p>
2183
2184
2185
2186	<p>With
2187	parallel runs each processing element writes the data of
2188	its subdomain to a separate file with the name
2189	PLOT3D_DATA_<Processor-Id>, where
2190	<Processor-Id> is a
2191	four digit number (e.g. PLOT3D_DATA_0000). These files are not suitable
2192	for AVS, but after the end of the model run they can be combined to one
2193	file readable for AVS with the help of the program <tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">combine_plot_fields.x</font></tt>.
2194	This tool expects the files of the individual processing
2195	elements under the names described above and outputs the combined file
2196	into a new file PLOT3D_DATA. Usually it is called by an appropriate
2197	OUTPUT - command in the MRUN-configuration file. The tool
2198	writes informative messages about the accomplished actions into
2199	the job protocol (e.g., even if no files were
2200	found). By the call of <tt><font style="font-size: 10pt;" size="2">combine_plot_fields.x</font></tt>
2201	also possibly existing files with two-dimensional plot data (see e.g. <a href="#PLOT2D_XY">PLOT2D_XY</a>)
2202	are combined.  </p>
2203
2204
2205
2206	<p>With parallel runs the
2207	output of data of large volume is also
2208	possible in compressed form. For this purpose the initialization
2209	parameter  <a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_compress">do3d_compress</a>
2210	= <i>.TRUE.</i> must be set and the desired output
2211	accuracy has to be
2212	indicated
2213	with the help of <a href="chapter_4.2.html#do3d_comp_prec">do3d_comp_prec</a>.
2214	In favorable cases the file size can be reduced by
2215	a factor of up to 5. For the visualization of compressed data a special
2216	AVS module (<tt><font style="font-size: 11pt;" size="2">read_compressed_field</font></tt>)
2217	and a further entry in the MRUN-configuration file are needed. More
2218	details can be found in <a href="chapter_4.5.6.html">chapter
2219	4.5.6</a>.</p>
2220
2221
2222	</td>
2223
2224
2225	</tr>
2226
2227
2228	<tr>
2229
2230
2231	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">31<br>
2232
2233
2234	</td>
2235
2236
2237	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT3D_COOR"></a>PLOT3D_COOR </td>
2238
2239
2240	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
2241
2242
2243	</td>
2244
2245
2246	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
2247
2248
2249	</td>
2250
2251
2252	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
2253
2254	<p>Coordinate
2255	information concerning
2256	the three-dimensional arrays (see <a href="#PLOT3D_DATA">PLOT3D_DATA</a>)
2257	needed by the visualization software AVS.  </p>
2258
2259
2260
2261	<p>The
2262	file PLOT3D_COOR should be saved by the user into the same
2263	permanent directory as the file PLOT3D_DATA.  </p>
2264
2265
2266
2267	<p>For
2268	parallel runs PLOT3D_COOR is written by PE0 only.</p>
2269
2270
2271	</td>
2272
2273
2274	</tr>
2275
2276
2277	<tr>
2278
2279
2280	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">32<br>
2281
2282
2283	</td>
2284
2285
2286	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT3D_FLD"></a>PLOT3D_FLD </td>
2287
2288
2289	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
2290
2291
2292	</td>
2293
2294
2295	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/  <br>
2296
2297
2298	AVS-Fld </td>
2299
2300
2301	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
2302
2303	<p>AVS-fld-file
2304	describing the three-dimensional
2305	array data, saved by the model into the local file <a href="#PLOT3D_DATA">PLOT3D_DATA</a>,
2306	needed by the visualization software AVS.  </p>
2307
2308
2309
2310	<p>This
2311	file describes the structure of the file PLOT3D_DATA
2312	(e.g. number of arrays, array dimensions, data type etc.). It uses the
2313	so-called AVS-Fld-format. It also contains the name of the file
2314	(inclusive cycle number, but without path) under which the local file
2315	PLOT3D_DATA is saved (this is the file name given in the file
2316	connection statement of the MRUN – configuration) in the
2317	permanent
2318	directory of the user (possibly on remote computers). Under this name
2319	AVS expects the data which are to be visualized. If there is no file
2320	connection statement for PLOT3D_DATA indicated in the configuration
2321	file, that file (filename) is registered “unknown”
2322	in the file
2323	PLOT3D_FLD and the
2324	actual name must be inserted later by hand. The file PLOT3D_FLD should
2325	be saved by the user in the same permanent directory as PLOT3D_DATA, so
2326	that AVS can find the file PLOT3D_DATA without any problems. If the two
2327	files lie in different directories, then the path name of the file
2328	PLOT3D_DATA must be added.  </p>
2329
2330
2331
2332	<p>AVS-fld-files
2333	are expected by AVS to have the
2334	suffix "<span style="font-family: monospace;">.fld</span>"<font face="Cumberland, monospace">.</font>
2335	Cycle numbers must not be attached behind this "<span style="font-family: monospace;">.fld</span>" suffix.
2336	This suffix is
2337	attached to the permanent file names (still after
2338	possible cycle numbers) by <span style="font-weight: bold;">mrun</span>
2339	if "<span style="font-family: monospace;">fld</span>"
2340	is indicated in the <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/mrun_beschreibung.html#Spalte6">column
2341	6 </a>of the file connection statement.  </p>
2342
2343
2344
2345	<p>Likewise,
2346	AVS expects information about the coordinate
2347	system underlying the arrays on this file. This information is output
2348	by the model
2349	into the local file <a href="#PLOT3D_FLD_COOR">PLOT3D_FLD_COOR</a>,
2350	whose content the user has to append to the file PLOT3D_FLD after the
2351	end of the model run (e.g. with an appropriate OUTPUT-command in the
2352	MRUN-configuration file: “cat PLOT3D_FLD_COOR
2353	>>
2354	PLOT3D_FLD”).  </p>
2355
2356
2357
2358	<p>For parallel
2359	runs, PLOT3D_FLD is produced by PE0 only.</p>
2360
2361
2362	</td>
2363
2364
2365	</tr>
2366
2367
2368	<tr>
2369
2370
2371	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">33
2372	</td>
2373
2374
2375	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT3D_FLD_COOR"></a>PLOT3D_FLD_COOR </td>
2376
2377
2378	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
2379
2380
2381	</td>
2382
2383
2384	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/  <br>
2385
2386
2387	AVS-Fld </td>
2388
2389
2390	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
2391
2392	<p>File
2393	for the description of the coordinate information output
2394	by the model into the local file <a href="#PLOT3D_COOR">PLOT3D_COOR</a>,
2395	which is needed for the visualization of three-dimensional array data
2396	by visualization-software AVS.  </p>
2397
2398
2399
2400	<p>This
2401	file describes the structure of the file PLOT3D_COOR
2402	(e.g. grid spacing, data type etc.) using the so-called AVS-Fld-format.
2403	It also contains the name of the file (inclusive cycle number, but
2404	without path) into which the local file PLOT3D_COOR (this is the file
2405	name described in the file connection statement of the MRUN -
2406	configuration file) is output in the permanent directory of the user
2407	(possibly on remote computers). Under this name AVS expects the data
2408	which are to be visualized. If there is no file connection statement
2409	for
2410	PLOT3D_COOR indicated in the configuration file, that file is
2411	registered as "unknown" in the file
2412	PLOT3D_FLD_COOR and the actual name
2413	must be inserted later by hand.  </p>
2414
2415
2416
2417	<p>AVS
2418	expects the information contained in the file
2419	PLOT3D_FLD_COOR, as well as the remaining information about the
2420	three-dimensional arrays output by the model (see <a href="#PLOT3D_FLD">PLOT3D_FLD</a>)
2421	in one and the same file. This is satisfied by appending the file
2422	PLOT3D_FLD_COOR after the end of a run are to the
2423	file PLOT3D_FLD (e.g. with an appropriate OUTPUT-command in the
2424	MRUN-configuration file: “cat PLOT3D_FLD_COOR
2425	>>
2426	PLOT3D_FLD”).  </p>
2427
2428
2429
2430	<p>For parallel
2431	runs, PLOT3D_FLD_COOR is written by PE0 only.</p>
2432
2433
2434	</td>
2435
2436
2437	</tr>
2438
2439
2440	<tr>
2441
2442
2443	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">
2444
2445	<p align="center">40  </p>
2446
2447
2448
2449	<p align="center">and/or  <br>
2450
2451
2452	possibly  </p>
2453
2454
2455
2456	<p align="center">40-49</p>
2457
2458
2459	</td>
2460
2461
2462	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
2463
2464	<p><a name="PLOT1D_DATA"></a>PLOT1D_DATA<br>
2465
2466
2467	(PLOT1D_DATA_O) </p>
2468
2469
2470
2471	<p>and/or  <br>
2472
2473
2474	possibly  </p>
2475
2476
2477	PLOT1D_DATA_0  <br>
2478
2479
2480	PLOT1D_DATA_1<br>
2481
2482
2483	...<br>
2484
2485
2486	<br>
2487
2488
2489	(PLOT1D_DATA<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>_0 <br>
2490
2491
2492	<font color="#000000">PLOT1D_DATA<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>_1 <br>
2493
2494
2495	</font><font color="#000000">...)<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> </font></td>
2496
2497
2498	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
2499
2500
2501	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td>
2502
2503
2504	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
2505
2506	<p>This file contains
2507	data (possibly horizontally and/or
2508	temporally averaged) of the vertical profiles (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
2509	written by the model in a format readable by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html">profil</a>.
2510	It is created only if <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_format">data_output_format</a>
2511	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'profil'</span>
2512	is assigned. This file's format is suitable to be read by the plot
2513	software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html">profil</a>.
2514	Each data point of the profiles is output in one single line (1st
2515	column: height in m, 2nd column: value of the respective quantity).
2516	Within the file, data
2517	of the individual profiles are located one behind the other. The order
2518	of the data in the file follows the order used in the assignment for <b>data_output_pr</b>
2519	(<b>data_output_pr</b> = <span style="font-style: italic;">'u'</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">'v'</span>,…
2520	means that the file starts with the data of the u-component profile,
2521	followed by the v-component profile, etc.). </p>
2522
2523
2524
2525	<p><br>
2526
2527
2528	The data can only be visualized with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
2529	using NAMELIST-parameter sets, which are saved by the
2530	model into the local file <a href="#PLOT1D_PAR">PLOT1D_PAR</a>.
2531	</p>
2532
2533
2534
2535	<p>The profile data written to the file are described
2536	with the
2537	run parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>.
2538	Plots produced with these data using the parameter file PLOT1D_PAR do
2539	not have to contain all these profiles. The profiles which can be drawn
2540	in the plot are described with run parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>.
2541	By subsequent editing of the file PLOT1D_PAR all profiles can be
2542	plotted (also the basic layout of the plots can be
2543	changed). For orientation, each profile existing on the file
2544	PLOT1D_DATA, starts with a comment line, which indicates the
2545	presented variable and the output time. The text of these comment
2546	lines is used as a legend in the plot. The very first line of the file
2547	is a
2548	comment line, containing information about the used model version, the
2549	run identifier (base file name + number of the respective restart
2550	run), the name of the executing computer, as well as the date and time
2551	of the beginning of the run. At the end of this comment line is the
2552	name
2553	of the subdomain, to which the profiles belong (see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>).
2554	By default, the profiles present averages of the total model domain. If
2555	the model has to produce profiles for other subdomains beyond that, up
2556	to 9 further files (units No. 41-49) are created, whereby the number of
2557	the respective subdomain is attached
2558	to the file name (e.g. PLOT1D_DATA_1). The name of the file with the
2559	data of the total
2560	domain in this case reads PLOT1D_DATA_0.  </p>
2561
2562
2563
2564	<p>For
2565	presentation in the same plot, profile data of the restart
2566	runs can be attached to existing data of preceding runs of a job chain.
2567	One can do this with the file attribute <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/mrun_beschreibung.html#tra">tra</a>
2568	in the file connection statement. The model produces a parameter file
2569	(PLOT1D_PAR) for these combined data, if the run parameter is set <a href="chapter_4.2.html#use_prior_plot1d_parameters">use_prior_plot1d_parameters</a>
2570	= <i>.T</i>. If this is omitted, then the parameter file
2571	gives
2572	wrong plots (i.e. <span style="font-family: monospace;">use_prior_plot1d_parameters
2573	= .T.</span> and "<span style="font-family: monospace;">tra</span>"
2574	must be specified together)!  </p>
2575
2576
2577
2578	<p>Further
2579	information about output of
2580	vertical profile data is given in the description of the run parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>.</p>
2581
2582
2583	</td>
2584
2585
2586	</tr>
2587
2588
2589	<tr>
2590
2591
2592	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">80
2593	</td>
2594
2595
2596	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PARTICLE_INFOS"></a>PARTICLE_INFOS/<br>
2597
2598
2599	(PARTICLE_INFOS<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>/)
2600	</td>
2601
2602
2603	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
2604
2605
2606	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii </td>
2607
2608
2609	<td style="vertical-align: top;">This
2610	file is created in case of particle transport (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">particles
2611	package</a>). It contains statistical informations about the
2612	number of
2613	particles used and about the number of particles exchanged between each
2614	single PE. These informations are output after every timestep if
2615	switched on by parameter <a href="chapter_4.2.html#write_particle_statistics">write_particle_statistics</a>.
2616	</td>
2617
2618
2619	</tr>
2620
2621
2622	<tr>
2623
2624
2625	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">81
2626	</td>
2627
2628
2629	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOTSP_X_PAR"></a>PLOTSP_X_PAR<br>
2630
2631
2632	(PLOTSP_X_PAR_O)</td>
2633
2634
2635	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O </td>
2636
2637
2638	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/<br>
2639
2640
2641	NAMELIST </td>
2642
2643
2644	<td style="vertical-align: top;">This
2645	file is created if spectra along x are calculated and output (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">spectra
2646	package</a>). It contains the NAMELIST parameter set, with which
2647	the
2648	layout of a plot
2649	of the data in the local file <a href="#PLOTSP_X_DATA">PLOTSP_X_DATA</a>
2650	can be steered, if these data are plotted with the plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html">profil</a>.<br>
2651
2652
2653
2654	<p>It contains the so-called RAHMEN (frame)- and
2655	CROSS-parameter sets (NAMELIST- group names <span style="font-style: normal;">&RAHMEN and/or
2656	&CROSS</span>)
2657	needed by <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
2658	The user can edit these parameter sets (and thus all details of the
2659	plot layout) after the run.<br>
2660
2661
2662	</p>
2663
2664
2665
2666	<p>By default,
2667	for one quantity, all spectra at different heights
2668	are plotted into a single panel. Different colors and line styles are
2669	used for each height. Panels of up to four quantities are arranged on
2670	one page in two lines (and two columns). More quantities are plotted on
2671	additional page(s). If there is more than one output time (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dosp">dt_dosp</a>),
2672	additional pages will be plotted for each single output time. </p>
2673
2674
2675	</td>
2676
2677
2678	</tr>
2679
2680
2681	<tr>
2682
2683
2684	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">82<br>
2685
2686
2687	</td>
2688
2689
2690	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOTSP_X_DATA"></a>PLOTSP_X_DATA<br>
2691
2692
2693	(PLOTSP_X_DATA_O) </td>
2694
2695
2696	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
2697
2698
2699	</td>
2700
2701
2702	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii<br>
2703
2704
2705	</td>
2706
2707
2708	<td style="vertical-align: top;">This
2709	file is created if spectra along x are calculated and output (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">spectra
2710	package</a>). It contains the spectral data along x (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>)
2711	in a format readable by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html">profil</a>.
2712	The data can only be visualized with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
2713	using NAMELIST parameter sets, which are written by
2714	the model to the local file <a href="#PLOTSP_X_PAR">PLOTSP_X_PAR</a>.<br>
2715
2716
2717	<br>
2718
2719
2720	Regardless of the (sub)set of spectra specified by <a href="chapter_4.2.html#plot_spectra_level">plot_spectra_level</a>
2721	for actual plotting, this file contains all data of spectra specified
2722	by <a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level">comp_spectra_level</a>.<br>
2723
2724
2725	<br>
2726
2727
2728	<font>Each data point of a spectrum is output in a
2729	single line
2730	(1st column:
2731	wavenumber, 2nd column: spectral coefficient). If spectra are to be
2732	calculated and output for more than one height (see </font><font><a href="chapter_4.2.html#comp_spectra_level"><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">comp_spectra_level</font></span></a></font><font>),
2733	the spectral coefficients for the further heights can be found in the
2734	subsequent columns. </font>The order
2735	of the data in the file follows the order used in the assignment for <span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-style: italic;"></span><a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>.<br>
2736
2737
2738	<br>
2739
2740
2741	For orientation, a header of comment lines (one for each height level)
2742	is placed in front of the spectral data of each quantity. They indicate
2743	the respective quantity and the output time. The text of these comment
2744	lines is used as a legend in the plot. </td>
2745
2746
2747	</tr>
2748
2749
2750	<tr>
2751
2752
2753	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">83<br>
2754
2755
2756	</td>
2757
2758
2759	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOTSP_Y_PAR"></a>PLOTSP_Y_PAR<br>
2760
2761
2762	(PLOTSP_Y_PAR_O)</td>
2763
2764
2765	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
2766
2767
2768	</td>
2769
2770
2771	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii<br>
2772
2773
2774	</td>
2775
2776
2777	<td style="vertical-align: top;">This
2778	file is created if spectra along y are calculated and output (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">spectra
2779	package</a>). It contains the NAMELIST parameter set, with which
2780	the
2781	layout of a plot
2782	of the data in the local file <a href="#PLOTSP_Y_DATA">PLOTSP_Y_DATA</a>
2783	can be steered, if these data are plotted with the plot software <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html">profil</a>.<br>
2784
2785
2786	<br>
2787
2788
2789	For more details see <a href="#PLOTSP_X_PAR">PLOTSP_X_PAR</a>.<br>
2790
2791
2792	</td>
2793
2794
2795	</tr>
2796
2797
2798	<tr>
2799
2800
2801	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">84<br>
2802
2803
2804	</td>
2805
2806
2807	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOTSP_Y_DATA"></a>PLOTSP_Y_DATA<br>
2808
2809
2810	(PLOTSP_Y_DATA_O)</td>
2811
2812
2813	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
2814
2815
2816	</td>
2817
2818
2819	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii<br>
2820
2821
2822	</td>
2823
2824
2825	<td style="vertical-align: top;">This
2826	file is created if spectra along x are calculated and output (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">spectra
2827	package</a>). It contains the spectral data along y (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>)
2828	in a format readable by <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html">profil</a>.
2829	The data can only be visualized with <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>
2830	using NAMELIST parameter sets, which are written by
2831	the model to the local file <a href="#PLOTSP_Y_PAR">PLOTSP_Y_PAR</a>.<br>
2832
2833
2834	<br>
2835
2836
2837	For more details see <a href="#PLOTSP_X_DATA">PLOTSP_X_DATA</a>.</td>
2838
2839
2840	</tr>
2841
2842
2843	<tr>
2844
2845
2846	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">85<br>
2847
2848
2849	</td>
2850
2851
2852	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PARTICLE_DATA"></a>PARTICLE_DATA/<br>
2853
2854
2855	(PARTICLE_DATA<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>/)</td>
2856
2857
2858	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
2859
2860
2861	</td>
2862
2863
2864	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
2865
2866
2867	</td>
2868
2869
2870	<td style="vertical-align: top;">This
2871	file is created if particle transport is switched on (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">particles
2872	package</a>) and contains all particle data for one or several
2873	output
2874	times (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_write_particle_data">dt_write_particle_data</a>).<br>
2875
2876
2877	<br>
2878
2879
2880	The first record of this file contains an identification string (PALM
2881	version number, run identifier, etc., 80 characters long). The second
2882	record also contains a version string (80 characters long) followed by
2883	two records with particle group informations (see file <span style="font-family: monospace;">check_open.f90</span>).
2884	Then, for each
2885	output time, two records follow, where the first one gives some general
2886	information (numbers of particles, etc.) and the second one contains
2887	the actual particle data. A FORTRAN TYPE structure is used for storing
2888	the particle attributes. See file <span style="font-family: monospace;">advec_particles.f90</span>
2889	for the detailed format.</td>
2890
2891
2892	</tr>
2893
2894
2895	<tr>
2896
2897
2898	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90</td>
2899
2900
2901	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN"></a>PARTICLE_RESTART_<br>
2902
2903
2904	DATA_IN/</td>
2905
2906
2907	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I<br>
2908
2909
2910	</td>
2911
2912
2913	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
2914
2915
2916	</td>
2917
2918
2919	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary
2920	data, which are read in by the model at the beginning
2921	of a restart run (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
2922	3.3</a>). The appropriate file must have been written by the
2923	preceding
2924	job of the job chain (see <a href="#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_OUT</a>).
2925	This file is needed if particle transport is switched on (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">particles
2926	package</a>) and contains all particle informations (particle
2927	positions, velocities, etc.) from the end of the preceding run.
2928	Concerning runs on
2929	several processors it has to be noted that each processing element
2930	reads its own file and that the file content is processor-dependent.
2931	The
2932	number of processors which can be used must not be changed during a job
2933	chain and/or if a job chain is continued. <br>
2934
2935
2936	<br>
2937
2938
2939	The first record of this file contains a version number (four character
2940	string) of the subroutine, which output the data that follows (<span style="font-family: monospace;">write_particles</span>,
2941	see end of
2942	file <span style="font-family: monospace;">advec_particles.f90</span>).
2943	This number has to
2944	agree with the version number of the subroutine which is reading the
2945	file
2946	(<span style="font-family: monospace;">init_parrticles.f90</span>)
2947	in
2948	case of a restart run. Otherwise the model run
2949	is aborted. Version numbers are changed whenever new code revisions
2950	require a change of the file format. Some general informations like the
2951	number of particles stored in the file, the number of particle groups,
2952	etc.. are stored in the second record. The third record includes the
2953	particles to be released at the source and the fourth record contains
2954	all current particles. In case that particle tails are used (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#maximum_number_of_tailpoints">maximum_number_of_tailpoints</a>),
2955	a further record may follow, which contains the particle tail
2956	informations. A FORTRAN TYPE structure is used for storing the particle
2957	attributes. For detailed informations about the file format see the
2958	corresponding READ statements in file <span style="font-family: monospace;">init_particles.f90</span>
2959	.<br>
2960
2961
2962	</td>
2963
2964
2965	</tr>
2966
2967
2968	<tr>
2969
2970
2971	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
2972
2973
2974	</td>
2975
2976
2977	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN"></a>PARTICLE_RESTART_<br>
2978
2979
2980	DATA_OUT/</td>
2981
2982
2983	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
2984
2985
2986	</td>
2987
2988
2989	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary<br>
2990
2991
2992	</td>
2993
2994
2995	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Binary
2996	data, which are output at the end of the
2997	run and possibly needed by restart runs (see <a href="chapter_3.3.html">chapter
2998	3.3</a>) for the initialization. This output file is then read as
2999	file <a href="#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN</a>.
3000	The file is only written if particle transport is switched on (see the <a href="chapter_4.2.html#particles_package">particles
3001	package</a>). For a more detailed description of the file
3002	structure see <a href="#PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN">PARTICLE_RESTART_DATA_IN</a>.</td>
3003
3004
3005	</tr>
3006
3007
3008	<tr>
3009
3010
3011	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
3012
3013
3014	</td>
3015
3016
3017	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
3018
3019	<p><a name="PLOT1D_PAR"></a>PLOT1D_PAR<br>
3020
3021
3022	(PLOT1D_PAR_O) </p>
3023
3024
3025
3026	<p>and/or  <br>
3027
3028
3029	possibly  </p>
3030
3031
3032
3033	<p>PLOT1D_PAR_0  <br>
3034
3035
3036	PLOT1D_PAR_1  <br>
3037
3038
3039
3040	.  <br>
3041
3042
3043
3044	.  <br>
3045
3046
3047
3048	.  <br>
3049
3050
3051	PLOT1D_PAR_9</p>
3052
3053
3054
3055	<p></p>
3056
3057
3058
3059	<p>(PLOT1D_PAR<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>_0
3060	<br>
3061
3062
3063	PLOT1D_PAR<font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span></font>_1
3064	<br>
3065
3066
3067
3068	.  <br>
3069
3070
3071
3072	.  <br>
3073
3074
3075
3076	.  <br>
3077
3078
3079	PLOT1D_PAR<font color="#000000"><span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span></font>_9)</p>
3080
3081
3082	</td>
3083
3084
3085	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
3086
3087
3088	</td>
3089
3090
3091	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/
3092	NAMELIST<br>
3093
3094
3095	</td>
3096
3097
3098	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
3099
3100	<p>NAMELIST parameter set, with which the layout of a plot
3101	of the data in the local file <a href="#PLOT1D_DATA">PLOT1D_DATA</a>
3102	can be steered, if these data are visualized with the plot program <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/profil_beschreibung.html">profil</a>.
3103	</p>
3104
3105
3106
3107	<p>This file contains the so-called RAHMEN (frame)-
3108	and
3109	CROSS-parameter sets (NAMELIST- group names <span style="font-style: normal;">&RAHMEN and/or
3110	&CROSS</span>)
3111	needed by <span style="font-weight: bold;">profil</span>.
3112	These parameter sets (and thus all details of the plot layout) can be
3113	edited after the model run by the user. By default, all profiles of one
3114	variable saved at different times are drawn into one panel. Different
3115	colors are used for each output time. Which profiles are drawn
3116	into which plane and how these planes are arranged on the
3117	plot, is determined with the parameters <a href="chapter_4.2.html#cross_profiles">cross_profiles</a>,
3118	<a href="chapter_4.2.html#profile_columns">profile_columns</a>
3119	and <a href="chapter_4.2.html#profile_rows">profile_rows</a>.
3120	</p>
3121
3122
3123
3124	<p>The file PLOT1D_PAR is created by the model
3125	briefly before
3126	the end of a run. If a model run crashes uncontrolled (run time
3127	errors or CPU - time exceeded), this file is usually missing, although
3128	profile data were saved to the file PLOT1D_DATA.  </p>
3129
3130
3131
3132	<p>If
3133	the model has to create profiles for different subdomains
3134	(see <a href="chapter_4.1.html#statistic_regions">statistic_regions</a>),
3135	further files are created, whereby the file name includes the number of
3136	the respective subdomain (e.g. PLOT1D_PAR_1). In this case the name of
3137	the file with NAMELIST parameters of the total domain is
3138	PLOT1D_PAR_0.  </p>
3139
3140
3141
3142	<p>For presentation in the
3143	same plot, profile data of the restart
3144	runs can be appended to existing data of preceding runs of a job chain.
3145	One can do this with the file attribute <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/mrun_beschreibung.html#tra">tra</a>
3146	in the file connection statement for PLOT1D_DATA. The model produces
3147	a parameter file PLOT1D_PAR for these combined data, if the run
3148	parameter is set <a href="chapter_4.2.html#use_prior_plot1d_parameters">use_prior_plot1d_parameters</a>
3149	= <i>.T</i>. If this is omitted, then the parameter file
3150	gives
3151	wrong plots (i.e. <span style="font-family: monospace;">use_prior_plot1d_parameters
3152	= .T.</span> and "<span style="font-family: monospace;">tra</span>"
3153	must be specified together)!</p>
3154
3155
3156	</td>
3157
3158
3159	</tr>
3160
3161
3162	<tr>
3163
3164
3165	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
3166
3167
3168	</td>
3169
3170
3171	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL"></a>PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL<br>
3172
3173
3174	(PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL_O)</td>
3175
3176
3177	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
3178
3179
3180	</td>
3181
3182
3183	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/  <br>
3184
3185
3186	NAMELIST</td>
3187
3188
3189	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
3190
3191	<p>NAMELIST
3192	parameter set, with which the plot layout
3193	of the data in local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY">PLOT2D_XY</a>
3194	can be steered, if they are visualized with the plot program <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">iso2d</a>.
3195	This file contains the so-called global parameter set (NAMELIST - group
3196	name: &GLOBAL) needed by <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>.
3197	This parameter set can be edited
3198	after the model run by the user. By default, the arrays are drawn using
3199	isolines and each array
3200	will be drawn onto a separate page (thus no color shading
3201	presentation, no vector arrows, streamlines etc.).  </p>
3202
3203
3204
3205	<p>Additionally <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>
3206	needs the so-called local parameter
3207	sets. These are saved by the model to the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL">PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL</a>.
3208	Due to the fact that <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>
3209	expects global and local parameter sets on one and the same
3210	file, in fact the global parameter set first, the user has to append
3211	the contents of the file PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL to the file PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL
3212	before call of <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>
3213	(e.g. by
3214	an OUTPUT - command in the MRUN -
3215	configuration file: “cat PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL >>
3216	PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL”).
3217	This
3218	relatively pedantic proceedure is due to the fact that the model can
3219	create the file PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL only at the end of the simulation
3220	(only then, when the final value of the global <span style="font-weight: bold;">iso2d</span>-parameter <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html#PLANZ">planz</a>
3221	is known), while the local parameter sets are written continuously
3222	to the file PLOT2D_XY_LOCAL during the run. Since the file
3223	PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL needs to be addressed only briefly once, output-unit
3224	90 is used, which is also used for other files.</p>
3225
3226
3227	</td>
3228
3229
3230	</tr>
3231
3232
3233	<tr>
3234
3235
3236	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
3237
3238
3239	</td>
3240
3241
3242	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL"></a>PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL<br>
3243
3244
3245	(PLOT2D_XZ_GLOBAL_O)</td>
3246
3247
3248	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
3249
3250
3251	</td>
3252
3253
3254	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/  <br>
3255
3256
3257	NAMELIST</td>
3258
3259
3260	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
3261
3262	<p>NAMELIST
3263	parameter set, with which the plot layout of the data
3264	in the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XZ">PLOT2D_XZ</a>
3265	can be steered, if they are visualized with the plot program <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">iso2d</a>.
3266	</p>
3267
3268
3269
3270	<p>The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</a>
3271	applies to this file, respectively.</p>
3272
3273
3274	</td>
3275
3276
3277	</tr>
3278
3279
3280	<tr>
3281
3282
3283	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90<br>
3284
3285
3286	</td>
3287
3288
3289	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL"></a>PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL<br>
3290
3291
3292	(PLOT2D_YZ_GLOBAL_O)</td>
3293
3294
3295	<td style="vertical-align: top;">O<br>
3296
3297
3298	</td>
3299
3300
3301	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii/  <br>
3302
3303
3304	NAMELIST</td>
3305
3306
3307	<td style="vertical-align: top;">
3308
3309	<p>NAMELIST
3310	parameter set, with which the plot layout of the data
3311	in the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_YZ">PLOT2D_YZ</a>
3312	can be steered, if they are visualized with the plot program <a href="http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/institut/software/iso2d_beschreibung.html">iso2d</a>.
3313	</p>
3314
3315
3316
3317	<p>The description of the local file <a href="#PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL">PLOT2D_XY_GLOBAL</a>
3318	applies to this file, respectively.</p>
3319
3320
3321	</td>
3322
3323
3324	</tr>
3325
3326
3327	<tr>
3328
3329
3330	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">90</td>
3331
3332
3333	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="TOPOGRAPHY_DATA"></a>TOPOGRAPHY_DATA</td>
3334
3335
3336	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I</td>
3337
3338
3339	<td style="vertical-align: top;">Ascii</td>
3340
3341
3342	<td>Two-dimensional rastered <font color="#000000">topography
3343	height information</font>
3344	(in m above ground).<br><br>
3345
3346
3347	In case of  <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography">topography</a>
3348	= <span style="font-style: italic;">'read_from_file'</span>
3349	the subroutine <span style="font-family: Cumberland AMT;">init_grid</span> reads
3350	the topography height information (in m above ground) for each grid point in
3351	a free floating point format. <font color="#000000">The ascii file format is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESRI_grid#ASCII" target="_blank">ESRI grid</a> - also known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESRI_grid#ASCII" target="_blank">ARC/INFO ASCII GRID</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">- without the header</span>. </font>The data on file are laid out naturally,
3352	i.e. in W-E orientation horizontally and in S-N orientation vertically,
3353	they must thus be organized as follows:<br>
3354
3355
3356
3357	<ul>
3358
3359
3360	<li>each
3361	line contains height information in m from <span style="font-style: italic;">i = 0, ..., nx</span>,</li>
3362
3363
3364	<li>the top line contains height information in m for <span style="font-style: italic;">j = ny</span> (North), the
3365	bottom line for <span style="font-style: italic;">j = 0</span>
3366	(South),</li>
3367
3368
3369	<li>individual data must be separated by at
3370	least one blank.</li>
3371
3372
3373
3374	</ul>Layout sketch:<br>
3375
3376
3377	<big><span style="font-family: monospace;">
3378
3379	N<br>
3380
3381
3382	(0,ny)   </span><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000">(1,ny)
3383	</font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000">(2,ny)
3384	... </font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000">(nx,ny)
3385	</font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"> </font><small><font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" color="#000000">top of file</font></small><br style="font-family: monospace;"><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
3386	(0,ny-1) <font color="#000000">(1,ny-1) </font><font color="#000000">(2,ny-1)
3387	... </font><font color="#000000">(nx,ny-1)  <br>
3388
3389
3390	</font></font></font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"><font color="#000000">W
3391	(0,ny-2) <font color="#000000">(1,ny-2) </font><font color="#000000">(2,ny-2)
3392	... </font><font color="#000000">(nx,ny-2)   E<br>
3393
3394
3395	</font></font></font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
3396
3397	:<br>
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402	:<br>
3403
3404
3405	</font></font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
3406
3407	(0,0)    <font color="#000000">(1,0)
3408	</font><font color="#000000">(2,0)
3409	... </font><font color="#000000">(nx,0)
3410	</font></font></font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"> </font><small><font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" color="#000000">bottom of file</font></small><br style="font-family: monospace;"><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000">
3411
3412	S<br></font><br style="font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span><small><font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" color="#000000">Example for a 50m tall building surrounded by a 12.5m tall podium on flat ground:</font></small><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"><br>
3413
3414
3415	<font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
3416	0    0    0    0    0
3417	0    0    0    0
3418	0    0    0    0<br></font></font></font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">    0 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5    0    0
3419	</font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><br></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"> </font></font></font></font></font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">    0 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5    0    0
3420	</font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><br></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"> </font></font></font></font></font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
3421	0 12.5 12.5   50   50   50   50   50
3422	50 12.5 12.5    0    0
3423	<br></font></font></font></font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
3424	0 12.5 12.5   50   50   50   50
3425	50   50 12.5 12.5    0    0
3426	<br></font></font></font></font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
3427	0 12.5 12.5   50   50   50   50
3428	50   50 12.5 12.5    0    0
3429	</font></font></font></font><br style="font-family: monospace;"><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">   0 12.5 12.5   50   50   50   50   50   50 12.5 12.5    0    0 <br>
3430	</font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
3431	0 12.5 12.5   50   50   50   50
3432	50   50 12.5 12.5    0    0
3433	</font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><br></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
3434	0 12.5 12.5   50   50   50   50
3435	50   50 12.5 12.5    0    0
3436	<br></font></font></font></font></font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">    0 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5    0    0
3437	</font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><br></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"> </font></font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">    0 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5    0    0
3438	</font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><br></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"> </font></font></font></font></font></font><font style="font-family: monospace;" color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">
3439	0    0    0    0    0
3440	0    0    0    0
3441	0    0    0    0<br></font></font></font></font></big>
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450	<br>
3451
3452
3453	These data must exactly match the horizontal grid. <font color="#000000">Due to the staggered grid the topography may be displaced by -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dx">dx</a> in x-direction and -0.5 <a href="chapter_4.1.html#dy">dy</a> in y-direction depending on the parameter <a href="chapter_4.1.html#topography_grid_convention">topography_grid_convention</a>. See </font>also the example in <big><code>trunk/EXAMPLES/topo_file/</code></big>.<br><br>Alternatively, the user may add code to the user interface subroutine <a href="chapter_3.5.1.html#user_init_grid">user_init_grid</a>
3454	to allow different data formats.</td>
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460	</tr>
3461
3462
3463	<tr>
3464
3465
3466	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">101</font></td>
3467
3468
3469	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF<br>
3470
3471
3472	(DATA_2D_XY_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
3473
3474
3475	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
3476
3477
3478	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
3479
3480
3481	NetCDF-<br>
3482
3483
3484	format</font></td>
3485
3486
3487	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
3488	contains data of the two-dimensional horizontal
3489	cross sections (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
3490	in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
3491	graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
3492
3493
3494	<br>
3495
3496
3497	More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter  4.5.1</a>.</font></font></td>
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503	</tr>
3504
3505
3506	<tr>
3507
3508
3509	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">102</font></td>
3510
3511
3512	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF<br>
3513
3514
3515	(DATA_2D_XZ_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
3516
3517
3518	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
3519
3520
3521	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
3522
3523
3524	NetCDF-<br>
3525
3526
3527	format</font></font></td>
3528
3529
3530	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
3531	contains data of the two-dimensional vertical (xz)
3532	cross sections (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
3533	in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
3534	graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
3535
3536
3537	<br>
3538
3539
3540	More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter  4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546	</tr>
3547
3548
3549	<tr>
3550
3551
3552	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">103</font></td>
3553
3554
3555	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF<br>
3556
3557
3558	(DATA_2D_YZ_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
3559
3560
3561	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
3562
3563
3564	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
3565
3566
3567	NetCDF-<br>
3568
3569
3570	format</font></font></td>
3571
3572
3573	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
3574	contains data of the two-dimensional vertical
3575	(yz) cross sections (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
3576	in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
3577	graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
3578
3579
3580	<br>
3581
3582
3583	More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter  4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589	</tr>
3590
3591
3592	<tr>
3593
3594
3595	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">104</font></td>
3596
3597
3598	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF"></a>DATA_1D_PR_NETCDF<br>
3599
3600
3601	(DATA_1D_PR_NETCFD_O)</font></td>
3602
3603
3604	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
3605
3606
3607	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
3608
3609
3610	NetCDF-<br>
3611
3612
3613	format</font></font></td>
3614
3615
3616	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
3617	contains data of the horizontally averaged vertical profiles (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#data_output_pr">data_output_pr</a>)
3618	in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
3619	graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
3620
3621
3622	<br>
3623
3624
3625	More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter  4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631	</tr>
3632
3633
3634	<tr>
3635
3636
3637	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">105</font></td>
3638
3639
3640	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF"></a>DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF<br>
3641
3642
3643	(DATA_1D_TS_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
3644
3645
3646	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
3647
3648
3649	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
3650
3651
3652	NetCDF-<br>
3653
3654
3655	format</font></font></td>
3656
3657
3658	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
3659	contains data of the timeseries (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dots">dt_dots</a>)
3660	in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
3661	graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
3662
3663
3664	<br>
3665
3666
3667	More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter  4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673	</tr>
3674
3675
3676	<tr>
3677
3678
3679	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">106</font></td>
3680
3681
3682	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_3D_NETCDF"></a>DATA_3D_NETCDF<br>
3683
3684
3685	(DATA_3D_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
3686
3687
3688	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
3689
3690
3691	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
3692
3693
3694	NetCDF-<br>
3695
3696
3697	format</font></font></td>
3698
3699
3700	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
3701	contains data of the 3d-volume data (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
3702	in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
3703	graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
3704
3705
3706	<br>
3707
3708
3709	More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter  4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715	</tr>
3716
3717
3718	<tr>
3719
3720
3721	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">107</font></td>
3722
3723
3724	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF"></a>DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF<br>
3725
3726
3727	(DATA_1D_SP_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
3728
3729
3730	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
3731
3732
3733	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
3734
3735
3736	NetCDF-<br>
3737
3738
3739	format</font></font></td>
3740
3741
3742	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
3743	contains data of the horizontal spectra (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#data_output_sp">data_output_sp</a>)
3744	in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
3745	graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
3746
3747
3748	<br>
3749
3750
3751	More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter  4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757	</tr>
3758
3759
3760	<tr>
3761
3762
3763	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font color="#000000">108</font></td>
3764
3765
3766	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_PRT_NETCDF"></a>DATA_PRT_NETCDF/<br>
3767
3768
3769	(DATA_PRT_NETCDF<span style="font-weight: bold;">_O</span>/)</font></td>
3770
3771
3772	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000">I/O</font></td>
3773
3774
3775	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
3776
3777
3778	NetCDF-<br>
3779
3780
3781	format</font></font></td>
3782
3783
3784	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
3785	contains particle data (see <a href="../app/chapter_4.2.html#dt_prel">dt_prel</a>)
3786	in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
3787	graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
3788
3789
3790	<br>
3791
3792
3793	More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="../app/chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter  4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799	</tr>
3800
3801
3802	<tr>
3803
3804
3805	<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">109</td>
3806
3807
3808	<td align="left" valign="top"><a name="DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF"></a>DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF<br>
3809
3810
3811	(DATA_1D_PTS_NETCDF_O)</td>
3812
3813
3814	<td align="left" valign="top">I/O</td>
3815
3816
3817	<td align="left" valign="top">Binary/<br>
3818
3819
3820	NetCDF-<br>
3821
3822
3823	format</td>
3824
3825
3826	<td align="left" valign="top">This
3827	file contains data of the timeseries of particle quantities (<font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_prel">dt_prel</a>)
3828	in NetCDF format. </font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">The data
3829	in this file can be visualized by any graphic software which provides a
3830	NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL
3831	</span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;">
3832	ferret</span>).
3833	For a list of available output quantities see </font></font></font></font><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"> <a href="chapter_4.2.html#dt_dopts">dt_dopts</a>.</font></font></font></font></font><br>
3834
3835
3836	<font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><br>
3837
3838
3839	</font></font></font></font><span lang="en-GB"><font face="Thorndale">In case of
3840	using more than one particle group (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#number_of_particle_groups">number_of_particle_groups</a>),
3841	seperate time series are output for each of the groups. The long names
3842	of the variables in the NetCDF file containing the respective
3843	timeseries all end with the string</font><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: monospace;">' PG ##'</span><font face="Thorndale">, where ## is the number of the particle
3844	group (<span style="font-style: italic;">01</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">02</span>, etc.). <br>
3845
3846
3847	<br>
3848
3849
3850	</font></span><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">More detailed informations about the
3851	PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter
3852	4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></font></td>
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858	</tr>
3859
3860
3861	<tr>
3862
3863
3864	<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">111</td>
3865
3866
3867	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF<br>
3868
3869
3870	(DATA_2D_XY_AV_NETCDF_O)</td>
3871
3872
3873	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I/O</td>
3874
3875
3876	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
3877
3878
3879	NetCDF-<br>
3880
3881
3882	format</font></font></font></td>
3883
3884
3885	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
3886	contains data of the temporally averaged two-dimensional horizontal
3887	cross sections (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
3888	in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
3889	graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
3890
3891
3892	<br>
3893
3894
3895	More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter  4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></td>
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901	</tr>
3902
3903
3904	<tr>
3905
3906
3907	<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">112</td>
3908
3909
3910	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><a name="DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF<br>
3911
3912
3913	(DATA_2D_XZ_AV_NETCDF_O)</td>
3914
3915
3916	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I/O</td>
3917
3918
3919	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
3920
3921
3922	NetCDF-<br>
3923
3924
3925	format</font></font></font></td>
3926
3927
3928	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
3929	contains data of the temporally
3930	averaged two-dimensional vertical (xz)
3931	cross sections (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
3932	in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
3933	graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
3934
3935
3936	<br>
3937
3938
3939	More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter  4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></font></td>
3940
3941
3942
3943
3944
3945	</tr>
3946
3947
3948	<tr>
3949
3950
3951	<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">113</td>
3952
3953
3954	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF"></a>DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF<br>
3955
3956
3957	(DATA_2D_YZ_AV_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
3958
3959
3960	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I/O</td>
3961
3962
3963	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
3964
3965
3966	NetCDF-<br>
3967
3968
3969	format</font></font></font></td>
3970
3971
3972	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
3973	contains data of the temporally
3974	averaged two-dimensional vertical
3975	(yz) cross sections (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
3976	in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
3977	graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
3978
3979
3980	<br>
3981
3982
3983	More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter  4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></font></td>
3984
3985
3986
3987
3988
3989	</tr>
3990
3991
3992	<tr>
3993
3994
3995	<td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">116</td>
3996
3997
3998	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><a name="DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF"></a>DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF<br>
3999
4000
4001	(DATA_3D_AV_NETCDF_O)</font></td>
4002
4003
4004	<td style="vertical-align: top;">I/O</td>
4005
4006
4007	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">Binary/<br>
4008
4009
4010	NetCDF-<br>
4011
4012
4013	format</font></font></font></td>
4014
4015
4016	<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000"><font color="#000000">This file
4017	contains data of the temporally
4018	averaged 3d-volume data (see <a href="chapter_4.2.html#data_output">data_output</a>)
4019	in NetCDF format. The data in this file can be visualized by any
4020	graphic software which provides a NetCDF interface (e.g. <span style="font-weight: bold;">NCL </span>or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> ferret</span>).<br>
4021
4022
4023	<br>
4024
4025
4026	More detailed informations about the PALM-NetCDF-output are given in <a href="chapter_4.5.1.html">chapter  4.5.1</a>.</font></font></font></font></td>
4027
4028
4029
4030
4031
4032	</tr>
4033
4034
4035
4036	</tbody>
4037	</table>
4038
4039
4040	<font color="#000000"><br>
4041
4042
4043	</font><br>
4044
4045
4046	<font color="#000080"><font color="#000080"><a href="chapter_3.3.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="left.gif" name="Grafik1" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="index.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="up.gif" name="Grafik2" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a><a href="chapter_3.5.html"><font color="#000080"><img src="right.gif" name="Grafik3" align="bottom" border="2" height="32" width="32"></font></a></font></font><br>
4047
4048
4049
4050	<br>
4051
4052
4053
4054	<span style="font-style: italic;">Last change:</span>
4055	$Id: chapter_3.4.html 359 2009-08-19 16:56:44Z maronga $<br>
4056
4057
4058	</font><br>
4059
4060
4061	</body></html>

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