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1%$Id: exercise_topography.tex 974 2012-08-08 09:34:21Z Giersch $
2\input{header_tmp.tex}
3%\input{../header_lectures.tex}
4
5\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
6\usepackage{ngerman}
7\usepackage{pgf}
8\usetheme{Dresden}
9\usepackage{subfigure}
10\usepackage{units}
11\usepackage{multimedia}
12\usepackage{hyperref}
13\newcommand{\event}[1]{\newcommand{\eventname}{#1}}
14\usepackage{xmpmulti}
15\usepackage{tikz}
16\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,positioning,decorations.pathreplacing}
17\def\Tiny{\fontsize{4pt}{4pt}\selectfont}
18
19%---------- neue Pakete
20\usepackage{amsmath}
21\usepackage{amssymb}
22\usepackage{multicol}
23\usepackage{pdfcomment}
24\usepackage{xcolor}
25
26\institute{Institut fÌr Meteorologie und Klimatologie, Leibniz UniversitÀt Hannover}
27\date{last update: \today}
28\event{PALM Seminar}
29\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
30\setbeamersize{text margin left=.5cm,text margin right=.2cm}
31\setbeamertemplate{footline}
32  {%
33    \begin{beamercolorbox}[rightskip=-0.1cm]&
34     {\includegraphics[height=0.65cm]{imuk_logo.pdf}\hfill \includegraphics[height=0.65cm]{luh_logo.pdf}}
35    \end{beamercolorbox}
36    \begin{beamercolorbox}[ht=2.5ex,dp=1.125ex,%
37      leftskip=.3cm,rightskip=0.3cm plus1fil]{title in head/foot}%
38      {\leavevmode{\usebeamerfont{author in head/foot}\insertshortauthor} \hfill \eventname \hfill \insertframenumber \; / \inserttotalframenumber}%
39    \end{beamercolorbox}%
40%    \begin{beamercolorbox}[colsep=1.5pt]{lower separation line foot}%
41%    \end{beamercolorbox}
42  }%\logo{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{luhimuk_logo.eps}}
43
44\title[Exercise - Topography]{Exercise - Topography}
45\author{Siegfried Raasch}
46
47% Notes:
48% jede subsection bekommt einen punkt im menu (vertikal ausgerichtet.
49% jeder frame in einer subsection bekommt einen punkt (horizontal ausgerichtet)
50\begin{document}
51% Folie 1
52\begin{frame}
53\titlepage
54\end{frame}
55
56\section{Exercise}
57\subsection{Exercise}
58
59% Folie 2
60\begin{frame}
61   \frametitle{Exercise}
62   Please carry out \textbf{two runs} with following conditions.
63   \begin{itemize}
64      \item{Single surface-mounted cube}
65      \begin{itemize}
66         \item[1.)]{First run ''generic'' using {\tt topography = 'single\_building'}}
67         \item[2.)]{Second run ''raster'' using {\tt topography = 'read\_from\_file'}
68                   with ASCII file ...\_topo}
69      \end{itemize}
70      \item{Neutral boundary layer in a channel}
71      \item{Constant bulk velocity}
72      \item{No Coriolis force}
73      \item{Simulation features:}
74      \begin{itemize}
75         \item{domain size: (80 m)$^3$ (x/y/z)}
76         \item{grid size: 2 m equidistant}
77         \item{cube: size (40 m)$^3$, location centered in the domain center}
78         \item{simulated time: 7200 s}
79         \item{initial velocity: u = 1, v = 0 m/s}
80      \end{itemize}
81   \end{itemize}
82   \textbf{Please use the same building (size, location) for both runs!}
83\end{frame}
84
85% Folie 3
86\begin{frame}
87   \frametitle{Questions to be Answered}
88   \small
89   \begin{itemize}
90      \item{Can you identify flow convergence / divergence patterns near the cube?}
91      \begin{itemize}
92         \item{What kind of output do you need to answer this?}
93      \end{itemize}
94      \item{How does the horizontally and temporally averaged momentum flux profile look
95            like?}
96      \begin{itemize}
97         \item{How long should the averaging time interval be?}
98      \end{itemize}
99      \item{Is it really a large-eddy simulation?}
100      \begin{itemize}
101         \item{Are the subgrid-scale fluxes much smaller than the resolved-scale fluxes?}
102         \item{How do the total kinetic energy and the maximum velocity components change
103               with time?}
104      \end{itemize}
105   \end{itemize}
106   \textbf{Final question:}
107   \begin{itemize}
108      \item{Do the results of both runs agree?}
109   \end{itemize}
110\end{frame}
111
112% Folie 4
113 \begin{frame}
114    \frametitle{Hints (I)}
115    \scriptsize
116    \begin{itemize}
117       \item{\textbf{Domain size}}
118       \begin{itemize}
119          \scriptsize
120          \item{Is controlled by grid size (\textbf{dx}, \textbf{dy}, \textbf{dz}) and number of grid points
121               (\textbf{nx}, \textbf{ny}, \textbf{nz}). Since the first grid point along one of the directions has
122               index 0, the total number of grid points used are \textbf{nx}+1, \textbf{ny}+1, \textbf{nz}+1.
123               The total domain size in case of cyclic horizontal boundary conditions is
124               (\textbf{nx}+1)$\cdot$\textbf{dx}, (\textbf{ny}+1)$\cdot$\textbf{dy}.}
125       \end{itemize}
126       \item{\textbf{Initial profiles}}
127      \begin{itemize}
128         \scriptsize
129         \item{Constant with height. See parameter \textbf{initializing\_actions} for available
130               initialization methods. See \textbf{ug\_surface}, \textbf{vg\_surface} for initial values of
131               velocity.}
132      \end{itemize}
133      \item{\textbf{Boundary conditions}}
134      \begin{itemize}
135         \scriptsize
136         \item{For channel boundary condition, see \textbf{bc\_uv\_t}.}
137      \end{itemize}
138      \item{\textbf{Forcing}}
139      \begin{itemize}
140         \scriptsize
141         \item{For constant bulk velocity, see \textbf{conserve\_volume\_flow}.}
142         \item{For Coriolis force, see \textbf{omega}.}
143      \end{itemize}
144      \item{\textbf{Topography}}
145      \begin{itemize}
146         \scriptsize
147         \item{For generic topography, see \textbf{building\_height}, \textbf{building\_length\_x} and
148               \textbf{building\_length\_y}.}
149         \item{For raster topography, please use a text editor to manually create an
150               ASCII ''raster\_topo'' file that contains the same building.}
151      \end{itemize}     
152    \end{itemize}
153 \end{frame}
154
155% Folie 5
156\begin{frame}
157   \frametitle{Hints (II)}
158   \footnotesize
159   \begin{itemize}
160      \item{\textbf{Simulation time}}
161      \begin{itemize} 
162         \footnotesize       
163         \item{See parameter \textbf{end\_time}.}
164      \end{itemize}
165      \item{\textbf{Variables}}
166      \begin{itemize}
167         \footnotesize
168         \item{Output variables are chosen with parameters \textbf{data\_output} (3d-data or
169               2d-cross-sections) and \textbf{data\_output\_pr} (profiles).}
170         \item{Time series are activated using \textbf{dt\_dots}.}         
171      \end{itemize}
172      \item{\textbf{Output intervals}}
173      \begin{itemize}
174         \footnotesize
175         \item{Output intervals are set with parameter \textbf{dt\_data\_output}. This parameter
176               affects all output (cross-sections, profiles, etc.). Individual temporal
177               intervals for the different output quantities can be assigned using
178               parameters \textbf{dt\_do3d}, \textbf{dt\_do2d\_xy}, \textbf{dt\_do2d\_xz}, \textbf{dt\_do2d\_yz}, \textbf{dt\_dopr},
179               etc. }
180      \end{itemize}
181      \item{\textbf{Time averaging}}
182      \begin{itemize}
183         \footnotesize
184         \item{Time averaging is controlled with parameters \textbf{averaging\_interval},
185               \textbf{averaging\_interval\_pr}, \textbf{dt\_averaging\_input}, \textbf{dt\_averaging\_input\_pr}.}
186      \end{itemize}
187   \end{itemize}
188\end{frame}
189
190% Folie 6
191\begin{frame}
192   \frametitle{Further Hints}
193   \scriptsize
194   Please see under \\
195   \textbf{http://palm.muk.uni-hannover.de/wiki/doc/app/netcdf}  \\ 
196   \par\medskip 
197   where the complete PALM netCDF-data-output and the respective steering parameters are described.
198   \par\medskip
199   For topography, see \\
200   \textbf{http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/$\sim$raasch/PALM\_group/doc/app/
201   chapter\_4.1.html\#topography}\\
202   \par\medskip
203   and especially for raster topography, see also
204   \textbf{http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/$\sim$raasch/PALM\_group/doc/app/
205   chapter\_3.4.html\#TOPOGRAPHY\_DATA} \\
206   \par\medskip
207   as well as the presentation ''Using topography (I)''.
208\end{frame}
209
210% Folie 7
211\begin{frame}
212   \frametitle{Proceeding}
213   Please proceed as follows:
214   \begin{itemize}
215      \item[1.]{Please run with the ''generic'' topography case first.}
216      \item[2.]{Check your results to answer all questions – except the final question.}
217      \item[3.]{After this run has finished, use ncview, ncdump etc. to check the precise
218               location of the building (look at 2D array zusi that is contained in 2D xy
219               cross-sections and 3D volume data).}
220      \item[4.]{Use this information to manually create the ''raster\_topo'' file.}
221      \item[5.]{Run the ''raster'' topography case.}
222      \item[6.]{Compare both simulation results to answer the final question.}
223   \end{itemize} 
224\end{frame}
225
226% Folie 8
227\begin{frame}
228   \frametitle{How to Start?}
229   \footnotesize
230   \begin{itemize}
231      \item{Create two \textbf{INPUT} directories for both new runs: \\
232            {\tt cd $\sim$/palm/current\_version} \\           
233            {\tt mkdir -p JOBS/generic/INPUT} \\
234            {\tt mkdir -p JOBS/raster/INPUT}} 
235      \item{Create the parameter files and {\tt raster\_topo} file and set the required
236            parameters in \\
237            {\tt JOBS/generic/INPUT/generic\_p3d} \\
238            {\tt JOBS/raster/INPUT/raster\_p3d}}
239      \item{Start the runs one by one with mrun-commands \\
240            {\tt mrun -d generic -K parallel ...} \\
241            {\tt mrun -d raster -K parallel ...}}
242      \item{and analyze the output files in \\
243            {\tt JOBS/generic/OUTPUT} \\
244            {\tt JOBS/raster/OUTPUT}}
245   \end{itemize}
246\end{frame}
247
248\section{Results}
249\subsection{Results}
250
251% Folie 9
252\begin{frame}
253   \frametitle{Flow convergence / divergence (I)}
254   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/cross_sections/u_xy.eps} \hspace{0.8cm}
255   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/cross_sections/v_xy.eps} 
256\end{frame}
257
258% Folie 10
259\begin{frame}
260   \frametitle{Flow convergence / divergence (II)}
261   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/cross_sections/w_xy.eps} \hspace{0.8cm}
262   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/cross_sections/w_xz.eps} 
263\end{frame}
264
265% Folie 11
266\begin{frame}
267   \frametitle{Streamlines}
268   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/streamlines/streamlines_xy.eps} \hspace{0.8cm}
269   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/streamlines/streamlines_xz.eps} \hspace{0.8cm}
270\end{frame}
271
272
273% Folie 12
274\begin{frame}
275   \frametitle{Vertical profiles of $\overline{w'u'}$, $\overline{w'v'}$}
276   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/profiles/wu_time_pr.eps} \hspace{0.8cm}
277   \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/profiles/wv_time_pr.eps}
278\end{frame}
279
280% Folie 13
281\begin{frame}
282   \frametitle{LES? - Fluxes}
283   \begin{center}
284      \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/profiles/wu_comp_pr.eps}
285   \end{center}   
286\end{frame}
287
288% Folie 14
289\begin{frame}
290   \frametitle{LES? - Time Series (I)}
291   \begin{center}
292      \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/timeseries/E_ts.eps} \\
293      \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/timeseries/umax_ts.eps} 
294   \end{center}
295\end{frame}
296
297% Folie 15
298\begin{frame}
299   \frametitle{LES? - Time Series (II)}
300   \begin{center}
301      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/timeseries/vmax_ts.eps} \\
302      \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{exercise_topography_figures/timeseries/wmax_ts.eps}
303   \end{center}
304\end{frame}
305
306\end{document}
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