= Surface output parameters =
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Information about surface properties as well as the actual physical condition at horizontal and vertical surfaces can be visualized with Paraview via VTK-files which allows the input of unstructured data. 
With revision -r 3421 allows the output of instantaneous and time-averaged unstructured surface data, i.e. from horizontally and vertically orientated surfaces (building walls and roofs, Earth surface). These data can be further processed into Paraview readable VTK files, in order to visualize surface properties such as surface temperature or radiation balance, etc..
Output is written into binary files [[../iofiles#SURFACE_DATA_BIN|SURFACE_DATA_BIN]] and  [[../iofiles#SURFACE_DATA_AV_BIN|SURFACE_DATA_AV_BIN]], respectively. Please note, for the moment, each MPI-process writes into a single file. This may be revised later. 

'''Please note, in order to visualize surface data with Paraview, a postprocessing tool is required in order to convert PALM's output data into VTK files. This postprocessing tool will be provided soon.'''

'''NAMELIST group name:''' [=#surface_output_parameters '''{{{surface_output_parameters}}}''']
----

||='''Parameter Name'''  =||='''[[../fortrantypes|FORTRAN]]\\[[../fortrantypes|Type]]'''  =||='''Default\\Value'''  =||='''Explanation'''  =||
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#averaging_interval_surf '''averaging_interval_surf''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
R
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
value of [[../d3par#averaging_interval|averaging_interval]]
}}}
{{{#!td
Averaging interval for surface output data (in s).
In any case, '''averaging_interval_surf <= dt_dosurf_av''' must hold.
If an interval is defined, then by default the average is calculated from the data values of all time steps lying within this interval. 
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#data_output_surf '''data_output_surf''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
C * 300 (100)
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
' '
}}}
{{{#!td
Quantities for which surface data shall be be output. PALM allows the output of instantaneous data as well as of temporally averaged data which is steered by the string '_av' assigned to this parameter (see [[../d3par#data_output|data_output]] for more explanation). 
For example, '''data_output_surf''' = '' 'shf', 'shf_av', '' will output instantaneous as well as time-averaged data of surface sensible heat flux at all surface elements. 

Surface data for all surfaces elements on the processor subdomain is output in a separate NetCDF file. Further, additional information about polygons and vertices defining the surface elements are output. This information enables to create VTK files with a post-processor (not available yet) which can be read by this visualization software PARAVIEW.  

The following quantities are available for output:
||='''Quantity name''' =||='''Meaning''' =||='''Unit''' =||='''Remarks''' =||
||us   ||friction velocity|| m / s || ||
||ts   ||scaling parameter for temperature|| K || ||
||qs   ||scaling parameter for mixing ratio|| kg / kg || ||
||ss   ||scaling parameter for passive scalar|| - || ||
||qcs  ||scaling parameter for cloud water mixing ratio || - || ||
||ncs  ||scaling parameter for number concentration of cloud water || - || ||
||qrs  ||scaling parameter for rain water mixing ratio || - || ||
||nrs  ||scaling parameter for rain water droplet concentration|| - || ||
||ol   ||Obukhov length || m || ||
||z0   ||roughness length for momentum || m || ||
||z0h  ||roughness length for heat || m || ||
||z0q  ||roughness length for moisture || m || ||
||theta1  ||potential temperature at 1st grid point outside the wall || K || ||
||qv1  ||mixing ratio at 1st grid point outside the wall  || kg / kg || ||
||thetav1  || virtual potential temperature at 1st grid point outside the wall || K || ||
||usws  ||surface momentum flux for the u-component || m m / ( s s ) || ||
||vsws  ||surface momentum flux for the v-component || m m / ( s s ) || ||
||shf  ||surface sensible heat flux|| K m / s || ||
||qsws ||surface latent heat flux|| kg m / ( kg s ) || ||
||ssws ||surface passive scalar flux|| m / s || ||
||qcsws ||surface flux of cloud water mixing ratio || - || ||
||ncsws ||surface flux of number concentration of cloud water || - || ||
||qrsws ||surface flux of rain water mixing ratio || - || ||
||nrsws ||surface flux of rain water droplet concentration|| - || ||
||sasws || surface salinity flux || - || ||
||q_surface || surface moisture || kg / kg || ||
||theta_surface || surface temperature || K || ||
||thetav_surface || surface virtual temperature || K || ||
||rad_net|| radiation balance || W / m2 || ||
||rad_lw_in|| incoming longwave radiation || W / m2 || ||
||rad_lw_out|| outgoing longwave radiation  || W / m2 || ||
||rad_sw_in|| incoming shortwave radiation || W / m2 || ||
||rad_sw_out|| outgoing shortwave radiation  || W / m2 || ||
||ghf|| ground heat flux  || W / m2 || ||
||r_a|| aerodynamic resistance  || 1 / m || ||
||r_soil|| soil resistance  || 1 / m || ||
||r_canopy|| canopy resistance  || 1 / m || ||
||r_s|| total resistance  || 1 / m || ||
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#dt_dosurf '''dt_dosurf''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
R
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
value of [[../d3par#dt_data_output|dt_data_output]]
}}}
{{{#!td	
Temporal interval at which instantaneous surface data shall be output (in s). Output can be skipped at the beginning of a simulation using parameter [[#skip_time_dosurf|skip_time_dosurf]], which has zero value by default.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#dt_dosurf_av '''dt_dosurf_av''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
R
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
value of [[#dt_dosurf|dt_dosurf]]
}}}
{{{#!td	
Temporal interval at which time averaged surface data shall be output (in s). Output can be skipped at the beginning of a simulation using parameter [[#skip_time_dosurf_av|skip_time_dosurf_av]], which has zero value by default.
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#skip_time_dosurf '''skip_time_dosurf''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
R
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
0.0
}}}
{{{#!td	
No surface data output before this interval has passed (in s).
This parameter causes that surface data output activities are starting not before this interval (counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. 
}}}
|----------------
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 150px"
[=#skip_time_dosurf_av '''skip_time_dosurf_av''']
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 50px"
R
}}}
{{{#!td style="vertical-align:top; width: 75px"
0.0
}}}
{{{#!td	
No surfave data output of averaged variables before this interval has passed (in s).
This parameter causes that averaged surface data output activities are starting not before this interval (counting from the beginning of the simulation, t=0) has passed. 
}}}